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Chapter 5
Essentials of Systems Analysis and Design, Second Edition
Page 95
Chapter 5 Structuring System Requirements: Process Modeling True-False Questions 1.
A data flow diagram is a graphical tool that allows analysts to illustrate the flow of data in an information system. Answer: True
2.
Difficulty: Med
Reference: p. 156
Difficulty: Med
Reference: p. 156
Difficulty: Med
Reference: p. 157
Difficulty: Med
Reference: p. 158
On a data flow diagram, a check and payment coupon mailed to the company is represented as a data store. Answer: False
10.
Reference: p. 156
A data flow represents data in motion, moving from one place in the system to another. Answer: True
9.
Difficulty: Med
Data flow diagrams evolve from the more general to the more detailed as current and replacement systems are better understood. Answer: True
8.
Reference: p. 156
Data flow diagrams illustrate important concepts about data and their relationships. Answer: False
7.
Difficulty: Easy
A primitive level data flow diagram is the first deliverable produced during requirements structuring. Answer: False
6.
Reference: p. 156
Structured analysis techniques, such as data flow diagramming, can help companies avoid misunderstanding how existing systems will have to work with the new system and incorrect specifications for necessary data, forms, and reports. Answer: True
5.
Difficulty: Med
Data flow diagramming is one of several structured analysis techniques used to increase software development productivity. Answer: True
4.
Reference: p. 155
Logic modeling graphically represents the processes that capture, manipulate, store, and distribute data between a system and its environment and among components within a system. Answer: False
3.
Difficulty: Med
Difficulty: Med
Reference: p. 158
A course schedule request would be represented on a data flow diagram as a data flow. Answer: True
Difficulty: Med
Reference: p. 158
Page 96
11.
Structuring System Requirements: Process Modeling
Assume shipment data are entered into a logbook once shipments are received at the company’s warehouse; the logbook is represented on a data flow diagram as a sink. Answer: False
12.
Difficulty: Med
Reference: p. 158
Difficulty: Hard
Reference: p. 158
Difficulty: Med
Reference: p. 158
Difficulty: Med
Reference: p. 158
Difficulty: Med
Reference: p. 158
On a data flow diagram, a rectangle with the right vertical line missing represents a data store. Answer: True
22.
Reference: p. 158
On a data flow diagram, a diamond represents a process. Answer: False
21.
Difficulty: Med
On a data flow diagram, an arrow represents an action, such as calculating an employee’s pay. Answer: False
20.
Reference: p. 158
A Web site’s customer is represented as a source on a data flow diagram. Answer: True
19.
Difficulty: Med
The data a sink receives and often what data a source provides are fixed. Answer: True
18.
Reference: p. 158
When constructing data flow diagrams, you should show the interactions that occur between sources and sinks. Answer: False
17.
Difficulty: Med
Sources and sinks are internal to the system. Answer: False
16.
Reference: p. 158
The determination of which items are low in stock is represented on a data flow diagram as a process. Answer: True
15.
Difficulty: Hard
The calculation of a student’s grade is represented on a data flow diagram as a data flow. Answer: False
14.
Reference: p. 158
Assume your local veterinarian records information about each of his patients on patient medical history forms; the collection of medical history forms is represented on a data flow diagram as a data store. Answer: True
13.
Difficulty: Hard
Difficulty: Med
Reference: p. 158
A context diagram shows the scope of the organizational system, system boundaries, external entities that interact with the system, and the major information flows between entities and the system.
Chapter 5
Essentials of Systems Analysis and Design, Second Edition
Answer: True 23.
Reference: p. 162
Difficulty: Med
Reference: p. 162
Difficulty: Med
Reference: p. 162
Difficulty: Easy
Reference: p. 162
Difficulty: Easy
Reference: p. 162
Difficulty: Med
Reference: p. 162
Difficulty: Easy
Reference: p. 162
A process has a verb label. Answer: True
34.
Difficulty: Hard
More than one data flow noun phrase can appear on a single arrow as long as all of the flows on the same arrow move together as one package. Answer: True
33.
Reference: p. 162
Data cannot move directly from a source to a sink. Answer: True
32.
Difficulty: Hard
A data flow to a data store means update. Answer: True
31.
Reference: p. 161
A fork in a data flow means that exactly the same data go from a common location to two or more different processes, data stores, or sources/sinks. Answer: True
30.
Difficulty: Med
A data flow can go directly back to the same process it leaves. Answer: False
29.
Reference: p. 160
Assume we have placed a data store between Process 5.1 and Process 5.5; we would say that these processes are decoupled. Answer: True
28.
Difficulty: Med
Assume Process 7.4 produces a data flow and that Process 7.2 must be ready to accept it; we would say that these processes are physically linked to each other. Answer: False
27.
Reference: p. 160
A level-0 diagram is a data flow diagram that represents a system’s major processes, data flows, and data stores at a high level of detail. Answer: True
26.
Difficulty: Med
Because the system’s data stores are conceptually inside the one process, no data stores appear on a context diagram. Answer: True
25.
Reference: p. 160
Context diagrams have only one process labeled “P-1.” Answer: False
24.
Difficulty: Med
Page 97
Double-ended arrows are used to represent data flowing in both directions. Answer: False
Difficulty: Med
Reference: p. 162
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35.
Structuring System Requirements: Process Modeling
To keep a data flow diagram uncluttered, you may repeat data stores, sinks/sources, and processes. Answer: False
36.
Difficulty: Hard
Reference: p. 165
Difficulty: Med
Reference: p. 166
Difficulty: Med
Reference: p. 166
Difficulty: Hard
Reference: p. 168
Difficulty: Med
Reference: pp. 168-169
DFD cohesion means your DFDs include all of the necessary components for the system you are modeling. Answer: False
46.
Reference: p. 165
Completeness, consistency, timing, iterative development, and primitive DFDs are guidelines for drawing DFDs. Answer: True
45.
Difficulty: Hard
A composite data flow on one level can be split into component data flows at the next level, but no new data can be added and all data in the composite must be accounted for in one or more subflows. Answer: True
44.
Reference: p. 164
Coupling is the conservation of inputs and outputs to a data flow diagram process when that process is decomposed to a lower level. Answer: False
43.
Difficulty: Med
As a rule of thumb, no data flow diagram should have more than about seven processes on it, because the diagram would be too crowded and difficult to understand. Answer: True
42.
Reference: p. 164
The decomposition of Process 2.4.3.4 would be shown on a level-4 diagram. Answer: True
41.
Difficulty: Med
The decomposition of Process 1.1 would be shown on a level-1 diagram. Answer: False
40.
Reference: p. 164
The lowest-level data flow diagrams are called level-0 diagrams. Answer: False
39.
Difficulty: Med
Functional decomposition is a repetitive process of breaking the description or perspective of a system down into finer and finer detail. Answer: True
38.
Reference: p. 164
Because a data flow name represents a specific set of data, another data flow that has even one more or one less piece of data must be given a different, unique name. Answer: True
37.
Difficulty: Med
Difficulty: Med
Reference: p. 169
A data flow repository entry would include the composition or list of data elements contained in the data flow.
Chapter 5
Essentials of Systems Analysis and Design, Second Edition
Answer: True 47.
Reference: p. 169
Difficulty: Med
Reference: p. 169
Structured analysis is the process of discovering discrepancies between two or more sets of data flow diagrams or discrepancies within a single DFD. Answer: False
50.
Difficulty: Med
One of the primary purposes of a DFD is to represent time, giving a good indication of whether data flows occur constantly in real time, once a day, or once a year. Answer: False
49.
Reference: p. 169
A gross violation of DFD consistency would be a level-1 diagram with no level-0 diagram. Answer: True
48.
Difficulty: Med
Page 99
Difficulty: Med
Reference: p. 171
To date, data flow diagrams have not been useful tools for modeling processes in business process reengineering. Answer: False
Difficulty: Med
Reference: p. 171
Multiple Choice Questions 51.
Data flow diagrams allow you to: a. b. c. d. e.
show the timing of data flows. model how data flow through an information system. demonstrate the sequencing of activities. show the relationship among entities. represent the internal structure and functionality of processes.
Answer: b 52.
Reference: p. 155
Since data flow diagrams concentrate on the movement of data between processes, these diagrams are often referred to as: a. b. c. d. e.
process models. data models. flow models. flow charts. logic models.
Answer: a 53.
Difficulty: Med
Difficulty: Med
Reference: p. 155
Graphically representing the functions, or processes, that capture, manipulate, store, and distribute data between a system and its environment and between components within a system refers to: a. b. c. d. e.
data modeling. structure modeling. process modeling. transition modeling. logic modeling.
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Structuring System Requirements: Process Modeling
Answer: c 54.
context diagram. level-2 diagram. referencing diagram. representative diagram. decomposition diagram.
Answer: a
Reference: p. 156
process. data flow. source. sink. relationship.
Answer: b
Difficulty: Med
Reference: p. 158
Student data contained on an enrollment form would be represented on a data flow diagram as a: a. b. c. d. e.
process. data flow. source. data store. relationship.
Answer: b
Difficulty: Med
Reference: p. 158
Data in motion, moving from one place in a system to another, best describes a: a. b. c. d. e.
data store. process. source. data flow. relationship.
Answer: d 59.
Difficulty: Med
Data contained on a customer order form would be represented on a data flow diagram as a: a. b. c. d. e.
58.
Reference: p. 156
A context data flow diagram Thorough descriptions of each DFD component DFDs of the current physical system An entity relationship diagram DFDs of the new logical system
Answer: d
57.
Difficulty: Med
Which of the following is not a process modeling deliverable? a. b. c. d. e.
56.
Reference: p. 156
The diagram that shows the scope of the system, indicating what elements are inside and outside the system, is called a: a. b. c. d. e.
55.
Difficulty: Med
Difficulty: Med
Reference: p. 158
Data at rest, which may take the form of many different physical representations, best
Chapter 5
Essentials of Systems Analysis and Design, Second Edition
Page 101
describes a: a. b. c. d. e.
source. data store. data flow. process. relationship.
Answer: b 60.
process. source. data flow. data store. relationship.
Answer: d
Difficulty: Med
Reference: p. 158
The calculation of an employee’s salary would be represented on a data flow diagram as a(n): a. b. c. d. e.
data flow. source. data store. process. action stub.
Answer: d
Difficulty: Med
Reference: p. 158
Recording a customer’s payment would be represented on a data flow diagram as a(n): a. b. c. d. e.
process. source. data flow. data store. action stub.
Answer: a 64.
Reference: p. 158
data flow. source. data store. process. action stub.
Answer: c
63.
Difficulty: Med
A computer-based file containing employee information would be represented on a data flow diagram as a(n): a. b. c. d. e.
62.
Reference: p. 158
A file folder containing orders would be represented on a data flow diagram as a: a. b. c. d. e.
61.
Difficulty: Med
Difficulty: Med
Reference: p. 158
A supplier of auto parts to your company would be represented on a data flow diagram as a: a. process. b. source.
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Structuring System Requirements: Process Modeling
c. data flow. d. data store. e. relationship. Answer: b 65.
The interactions occurring between sources and sinks How to provide sources and sinks direct access to stored data How to control or redesign a source or sink What a source or sink does with information or how it operates None of the above.
Answer: e
Difficulty: Med
Reference: p. 158
The origin and/or destination of data, sometimes referred to as external entities defines: a. b. c. d. e.
source. data store. data flow. process. predecessor.
Answer: a
Difficulty: Med
Reference: p. 158
An arrow on a data flow diagram represents a(n): a. b. c. d. e.
data store. data flow. process. source. action sequence.
Answer: b 69.
Reference: p. 158
source. data store. data flow. process. action stub.
Answer: d
68.
Difficulty: Med
The work or actions performed on data so that they are transformed, stored, or distributed defines: a. b. c. d. e.
67.
Reference: p. 158
Which of the following would be considered when diagramming? a. b. c. d. e.
66.
Difficulty: Med
Difficulty: Med
Reference: p. 158
A square on a data flow diagram represents a: a. b. c. d. e.
data store. data flow. process. source. predecessor.
Answer: d
Difficulty: Med
Reference: p. 158
Chapter 5
70.
Essentials of Systems Analysis and Design, Second Edition
On a data flow diagram, a rectangle with rounded corners represents a(n): a. b. c. d. e.
data store. data flow. process. source. action stub.
Answer: c 71.
Difficulty: Med
Reference: p. 158
On a data flow diagram, a rectangle with the right vertical line missing represents a: a. b. c. d. e.
data store. data flow. process. source. relationship.
Answer: a 72.
Page 103
Difficulty: Med
Reference: p. 158
Which of the following is a true statement regarding sources/sinks? a. Sources/sinks are always outside the information system and define the boundaries of the system. b. Data must originate outside a system from one or more sources. c. The system must produce information to one or more sinks. d. If any processing takes place inside the source/sink, we are not interested in it. e. All of the above are true statements. Answer: e
73.
A customer A supplier Another information system A bank All of the above.
Answer: e
Difficulty: Med
Reference: p. 159
Which of the following is true regarding the context diagram? a. b. c. d. e.
The process symbol is labeled “0.” The context diagram contains two processes. Data stores must be shown on the context diagram. The internal workings of the system are shown on the context diagram. The context diagram organizes the processes in a tree-like structure.
Answer: a 75.
Reference: p. 158
Which of the following is most likely a source/sink for a manufacturing system? a. b. c. d. e.
74.
Difficulty: Hard
Difficulty: Hard
Reference: p. 160
A data flow diagram that represents a system’s major processes, data flows, and data stores at a high level of detail refers to a: a. context diagram.
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Structuring System Requirements: Process Modeling
b. c. d. e.
level-1 diagram. level-0 diagram. level-00 diagram. logic diagram.
Answer: c 76.
exhibit cohesion. share the same data. be coupled to each other. be strapped to each other. be intertwined.
Answer: c
Difficulty: Med
Reference: p. 162
A miracle process is one that: a. b. c. d. e.
has only inputs. has only outputs. cannot be exploded further. has insufficient inputs to produce the associated processes. is connected directly to a source.
Answer: b
Difficulty: Hard
Reference: p. 162
A black hole is process that: a. b. c. d. e.
has only inputs. has only outputs. has not been exploded to show enough detail. has insufficient inputs to produce the associated processes. generates output directly to a sink.
Answer: a 80.
Reference: p. 162
decouples the processes. enables store and forward capabilities. enhances the flow of data between the processes. structures the processes. disintegrates the processes.
Answer: a
79.
Difficulty: Hard
By placing a data store between two processes, this: a. b. c. d. e.
78.
Reference: p. 161
If two processes are connected by a data flow, they are said to: a. b. c. d. e.
77.
Difficulty: Med
Difficulty: Med
Reference: p. 162
Which of the following is a true statement regarding a data store? a. b. c. d. e.
Data can move directly from one data store to another data store. Data stores illustrate relationships among entities. A data store has a noun phrase label. Data can move from an outside source to a data store. A data store shows data in motion.
Answer: c
Difficulty: Med
Reference: p. 162
Chapter 5
81.
Essentials of Systems Analysis and Design, Second Edition
Page 105
Which of the following is a true statement regarding data flows? a. b. c. d.
A data flow may have double-ended arrows. A data flow to a data store means retrieve or use. A data flow from a data store means update. A join in a data flow means that exactly the same data comes from any of two or more different processes, data stores, or sources/sinks to a common location. e. A data flow represents data at rest. Answer: d 82.
Difficulty: Hard
Reference: p. 162
Which of the following is not a true statement regarding data flows? a. A fork in a data flow means that exactly the same data go from a common location to two or more different processes, data stores, or sources/sinks. b. A data flow can go directly back to the same process it leaves. c. A data flow has a noun label. d. A data flow has only one direction of flow between symbols. e. A data flow from a data store means retrieve or use. Answer: b
83.
repeat data stores and processes. repeat sources/sinks and processes. only repeat processes. repeat relationships. repeat both data stores and sources/sinks.
Answer: e
Reference: p. 164
structuring. balancing. decomposition. formatting. regeneration.
Answer: c
Difficulty: Med
Reference: p. 164
The lowest level of DFDs are: a. b. c. d. e.
level-0 diagrams. context diagrams. level-1 diagrams. primitive data flow diagrams. systematic diagrams.
Answer: d 86.
Difficulty: Med
The act of going from a single system to several component processes refers to: a. b. c. d. e.
85.
Reference: p. 162
On a data flow diagram, you may: a. b. c. d. e.
84.
Difficulty: Hard
Difficulty: Med
Reference: p. 164
A DFD that is a result of three nested decompositions of a series of sub-processes from a process on a level-0 diagram describes a:
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Structuring System Requirements: Process Modeling
a. b. c. d. e.
level-3 diagram. level-1 diagram. level-2 diagram. primitive diagram. context diagram.
Answer: a 87.
decomposition. balancing. flow conservation. data flow structuring. gap proofing.
Answer: b
Difficulty: Med
Reference: p. 166
If an input from a source appears on a level-0 diagram, it must: a. b. c. d. e.
appear on the context diagram. be connected to a data flow. be connected to a sink. be connected to a data store. be connected to two entities.
Answer: a
Difficulty: Med
Reference: p. 166
If your DFD contains data flows that do not lead anywhere, it is not: a. b. c. d. e.
gap proof. a primitive diagram. complete. consistent. balanced.
Answer: c 91.
Reference: p. 166
leveling. flow conservation. balancing. cohesion. coupling.
Answer: c
90.
Difficulty: Med
If a data flow appears on the context diagram and is also represented on a level-0 diagram, this would be referred to as: a. b. c. d. e.
89.
Reference: p. 165
The conservation of inputs and outputs to a data flow diagram process when that process is decomposed to a lower level defines: a. b. c. d. e.
88.
Difficulty: Hard
Difficulty: Hard
Reference: p. 169
The extent to which all necessary components of a data flow diagram have been included and fully described defines: a. DFD consistency. b. DFD completeness. c. DFD gap proofing.
Chapter 5
Essentials of Systems Analysis and Design, Second Edition
Page 107
d. DFD flexibility. e. DFD cohesion. Answer: b 92.
violation of completeness. violation of consistency. balancing error. structuring violation. cohesion error.
Answer: b
Difficulty: Med
Reference: p. 169
When you believe that you have shown each business form or transaction, computer screen, and report as a single data flow, you have probably reached the: a. b. c. d. e.
level-0 diagrams. ternary level diagrams. primitive data flow diagrams. secondary-level diagrams. context level diagrams.
Answer: c
Difficulty: Med
Reference: p. 170
The lowest level of decomposition for a data flow diagram is called the: a. b. c. d. e.
context diagram. level-0 diagram. level-1 diagram. primitive diagram. cohesive diagram.
Answer: d 96.
Reference: p. 169
DFD consistency. DFD completeness. DFD gap proofing. DFD flexibility. DFD cohesion.
Answer: a
95.
Difficulty: Hard
The extent to which information contained on one level of a set of nested data flow diagrams is also included on other levels refers to: a. b. c. d. e.
94.
Reference: p. 169
Having a level-1 diagram with no level-0 diagram is an example of a: a. b. c. d. e.
93.
Difficulty: Med
Difficulty: Med
Reference: p. 170
The process in analysis in which the analyst tries to discover discrepancies between two or more sets of data flow diagrams, representing two or more states of an information system, or discrepancies within a single DFD, is referred to as: a. b. c. d. e.
requirements structuring. logic modeling. DFD validation. gap analysis. DFD stress testing.
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Structuring System Requirements: Process Modeling
Answer: d 97.
flow charts. decision tables. data flow diagrams. dialogue charts. entity relationship diagrams.
Answer: b
Reference: 174
Structured English COBOL Modified English Pseudocode Structured programming
Answer: a
Difficulty: Easy
Reference: p. 174
The part of a decision table that links conditions to actions is the section that contains the: a. b. c. d. e.
action statements. rules. condition statements. decision stubs. relationship stubs.
Answer: b 100.
Difficulty: Med
Which of the following is a modified version of the English language that is useful for representing the logic in information system processes? a. b. c. d. e.
99.
Reference: p. 171
Techniques used for modeling system logic include: a. b. c. d. e.
98.
Difficulty: Med
Difficulty: Med
Reference: p. 177
The part of a decision table that lists the actions that result for a given set of conditions is called: a. b. c. d. e.
action stubs. condition stubs. rule section. execution stubs. processing stubs.
Answer: a
Difficulty: Med
Reference: p. 177
Fill In the Blanks 101.
Process modeling graphically represents the processes that capture, manipulate, store, and distribute data between a system and its environment and among components within a system. Difficulty: Med
Reference: p. 156
Chapter 5
102.
Essentials of Systems Analysis and Design, Second Edition
A data flow diagram (DFD) is a graphic that illustrates the movement of data between external entities and the processes and data stores within a system. Difficulty: Med
103.
Reference: p. 161
Functional decomposition is a repetitive process of breaking the description or perspective of a system down into finer and finer detail. Difficulty: Hard
113.
Reference: p. 160
A level-0 diagram is a data flow diagram that represents a system’s major processes, data flows, and data stores at a high level of detail. Difficulty: Hard
112.
Reference: p. 158
A context diagram is a data flow diagram of the scope of an organizational system that shows the system boundaries, external entities that interact with a system, and the major information flows between entities and the system. Difficulty: Hard
111.
Reference: p. 158
The symbol for sources/sinks is a square. Difficulty: Med
110.
Reference: p. 158
The symbol for a data store is a rectangle with the right vertical line missing. Difficulty: Med
109.
Reference: p. 158
The symbol for a process is a rectangle with rounded corners. Difficulty: Easy
108.
Reference: p. 158
An arrow represents a data flow. Difficulty: Easy
107.
Reference: p. 158
Source/sink is the origin and/or destination of data. Difficulty: Med
106.
Reference: p. 158
Processes are the work or actions performed on data so that they are transformed, stored, or distributed. Difficulty: Med
105.
Reference: p. 156
A data store represents data at rest, which may take the form of many different physical representations. Difficulty: Easy
104.
Page 109
Reference: p. 164
A level-n diagram is a DFD that is the result of n nested decompositions of a series of subprocesses from a process on a level-0 diagram. Difficulty: Hard
Reference: p. 165
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Structuring System Requirements: Process Modeling
Balancing is the conservation of inputs and outputs to a data flow diagram process when that process is decomposed to a lower level. Difficulty: Med
115.
DFD completeness is the extent to which all necessary components of a data flow diagram have been included and fully described. Difficulty: Hard
116.
Reference: p. 177
Rules are that part of a decision table that specifies which actions are to be followed for a given set of conditions. Difficulty: Med
125.
Reference: p. 177
Action stubs are that part of a decision table that lists the actions that result for a given set of conditions. Difficulty: Med
124.
Reference: p. 177
Condition stubs are that part of a decision table that lists the conditions relevant to the decision. Difficulty: Med
123.
Reference: p. 174
A decision table is a matrix representation of the logic of a decision, which specifies the possible conditions for the decision and the resulting actions. Difficulty: Med
122.
Reference: p. 173
Structured English is a modified form of the English language used to specify the logic of information system processes. Difficulty: Med
121.
Reference: p. 171
Logic modeling involves representing the internal structure and functionality of the processes represented on data flow diagrams. Difficulty: Med
120.
Reference: p. 170
Gap analysis is the process of discovering discrepancies between two or more sets of data flow diagrams or discrepancies within a single DFD. Difficulty: Hard
119.
Reference: p. 169
A primitive DFD is the lowest level of decomposition for a data flow diagram. Difficulty: Med
118.
Reference: p. 169
DFD consistency is the extent to which information contained on one level of a set of nested data flow diagrams is also included on other levels. Difficulty: Hard
117.
Reference: p. 166
Reference: p. 177
An indifferent condition is a condition whose value does not affect which actions are taken for two or more rules.
Chapter 5
Essentials of Systems Analysis and Design, Second Edition
Difficulty: Hard
Page 111
Reference: p. 177
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Structuring System Requirements: Process Modeling
Matching Questions Match each of the following terms with its description. a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i. j. k. 126.
Source/sink Level-0 diagram Data flow Data store Balancing DFD completeness DFD consistency Level-n diagram Primitive DFD Process Gap analysis
Data in motion, moving as a unit from one place in a system to another. Answer:
127.
Reference: p. 158
f
Reference: p. 169
j
Reference: p. 158
g
Reference: p. 169
The process of discovering discrepancies between two or more sets of data flow diagrams or discrepancies within a single DFD. Answer:
134.
a
The extent to which information contained on one level of a set of nested data flow diagrams is also included on other levels. Answer:
133.
Reference: p. 166
The work or actions performed on data so that they are transformed, stored, or distributed. Answer:
132.
e
The extent to which all necessary components of a data flow diagram have been included and fully described. Answer:
131.
Reference: p. 161
The origin and/or destination of data, sometimes referred to as external entities. Answer:
130.
b
The conservation of inputs and outputs to a data flow diagram process when that process is decomposed to a lower level. Answer:
129.
Reference: p. 158
A data flow diagram that represents a system’s major processes, data flows, and data stores at a high level of detail. Answer:
128.
c
k
Reference: p. 171
Data at rest, which may take the form of many different physical representations. Answer:
d
Reference: p. 158
Chapter 5
135.
Essentials of Systems Analysis and Design, Second Edition
The lowest level of decomposition for a data flow diagram. Answer:
136.
Page 113
i
Reference: p. 170
A DFD that is the result of n nested decompositions of a series of sub-processes from a process on a level-0 diagram. Answer:
h
Reference: p. 165
Match each of the data flow diagramming symbols with corresponding examples. (Answers may occur more than once.) a. b. c. d. 137.
138.
139.
140.
141.
142.
143.
144.
145.
Process Data flow Source/sink Data store
Customer order Answer:
b
Reference: p. 158
Answer:
c
Reference: p. 158
Answer:
a
Reference: p. 158
Answer:
a
Reference: p. 158
Answer:
b
Reference: p. 158
Answer:
a
Reference: p. 158
Answer:
a
Reference: p. 158
Answer:
c
Reference: p. 158
Answer:
d
Reference: p. 158
Customer
Generate paycheck
Calculating overtime pay
Sales report
Computing a grade point average
Preparing a purchase order
Teller
Student enrollment file
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146.
Structuring System Requirements: Process Modeling
Supplier Answer:
b
Reference: p. 158
For each of the following statements, answer “a” if the statement is a true data flow diagramming rule, and answer “b” if the rule is false. 147.
Data can move directly from one data store to another data store. Answer:
148.
b
Reference: p. 162
b
Reference: p. 162
b
Reference: p. 162
a
Reference: p. 162
The inputs to a process are different from the outputs of that process. Answer:
156.
Reference: p. 162
A join in a data flow means that exactly the same data comes from any of two or more different processes, data stores, or sources/sinks to a common location. Answer:
155.
a
A data flow is bi-directional between symbols. Answer:
154.
Reference: p. 164
A data store has a verb phrase label. Answer:
153.
a
Data can move directly from an outside source to a data store. Answer:
152.
Reference: p. 162
A data flow to a data store means update. Answer:
151.
b
Objects on a DFD have unique names. Answer:
150.
Reference: p. 162
A process has a noun phrase label. Answer:
149.
b
a
Reference: p. 164
b
Reference: p. 162
A process can have only inputs. Answer:
For each of the following statements, answer “a” if the statement is a true data flow diagramming rule, and answer “b” if the rule is false.. 157.
Data cannot move directly to an outside sink from a data store.
Chapter 5
Essentials of Systems Analysis and Design, Second Edition
Answer: 158.
a
Reference: p. 162
a
Reference: p. 162
b
Reference: p. 162
a
Reference: p. 162
There must be at least one other process that handles the data flow, produces some other data flow, and returns the original data flow to the beginning process. Answer:
165.
Reference: p. 162
A data flow from a data store means retrieve or use. Answer:
164.
a
Data can move directly from a source to a sink. Answer:
163.
Reference: p. 162
A fork in a data flow means that exactly the same data goes from a common location to two or more different processes, data stores, or sources/sinks. Answer:
162.
b
A source/sink has a noun phrase label. Answer:
161.
Reference: p. 162
A data flow cannot go directly back to the same process it leaves. Answer:
160.
a
A data flow has a verb phrase label. Answer:
159.
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a
Reference: p. 162
A process must have both inputs and outputs. Answer:
a
Reference: p. 162
Match each of the following terms with its description. a. b. c. d. e. 166.
Gap analysis Functional decomposition Process modeling Balancing DFD completeness
Graphically representing the functions that capture, manipulate, store, and distribute data between a system and its environment and between components within a system. Answer:
167.
Reference: p. 156
Breaking a larger system into smaller subsystems or processes. Answer:
168.
c
b
Reference: p. 164
Using data flow diagrams to discover discrepancies between two or more sets of data flow
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Structuring System Requirements: Process Modeling
diagrams, representing two or more states of an information system, or discrepancies within a single DFD. Answer: 169.
Reference: p. 171
The extent to which all necessary components of a data flow diagram have been included and fully described. Answer:
170.
a
e
Reference: p. 169
The conservation of inputs and outputs to a data flow diagram process when that process is decomposed to a lower level. Answer:
d
Reference: p. 166
Essay Questions 171.
Briefly describe the data flow diagramming symbols. Provide one example of each. A rectangle with rounded corners represents a process. A process is the work or actions performed on data. The data store represents data at rest, and is represented by a rectangle with the right vertical line missing. A data flow represents data in motion, and is represented by an arrow. A source/sink is the origin or destination of data. Sources and sinks are identified by square symbols. Computing a grade point average is an example of a process. A file folder containing orders is an example of a data store. An enrollment form being routed through the enrollment center is representative of a data flow. A student enrolling in school is representative of a source/sink.
172.
Discuss the guidelines for drawing a DFD. The guidelines for constructing DFDs are completeness, consistency, timing considerations, the iterative nature of drawing DFDs, and drawing primitive DFDs. Completeness refers to the extent to which all necessary components of a data flow diagram have been included and fully described. Consistency refers to the extent to which information contained on one level of a set of nested data flow diagrams is also included on other levels. Timing is not indicated on DFDs. Iterative development recognizes that requirements determination and requirements structuring are interacting analysis sub-phases. Primitive DFDs are the lowest level of decomposition for a data flow diagram. The analyst must make a determination of when she has reached the primitive level DFDs.
173.
Briefly discuss how DFDs can be used as analysis tools. Data flow diagrams can be used to model both the physical and logical systems. Data models can be analyzed to identify possible inconsistencies that exist between two sets of diagrams or within a single DFD. Redundant data flows, procedural redundancies, and inefficiencies can be identified by studying data flow diagrams.
174.
What is meant by DFD completeness? What is meant by DFD consistency? DFD completeness is the extent to which all necessary components of a data flow diagram have been included and fully described. DFD consistency is the extent to which information contained on one level of a set of nested data flow diagrams is also included on other levels.
Chapter 5
175.
Essentials of Systems Analysis and Design, Second Edition
Page 117
What is gap analysis? Why is gap analysis useful? Gap analysis is the process of discovering discrepancies between two or more sets of data flow diagrams or discrepancies within a single DFD. Gap analysis is used to identify inconsistencies with DFDs, determine which processes should be added or revised, and compare alternative logical DFDs.
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