THE LEVEL OF PERCEPTION OF THE SECOND YEAR BS AIR TRANSPORTATION STUDENTS OF PATTS COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICS FOR THE FIRST SEMESTER OF ACADEMIC YEAR 2016 – 2017 REGARDING DEATH PENALTY A Project Presented to the Languages Department PATTS College of Aeronautics In Partial Fulfillment of the Course Requirement in ENGL 211 – Technical Writing A.Y. 2016 – 2017 Submitted by: MARTI DENZEL DOMINGO ROMMEL DANIEL ESPINOSA JOMARI ESPIRITU PAULO NIKKO EVANGELIO AMADO MARI ANDREI LLANES IVAN GEROME PEREYRA EDRICK ALEC SAWAL STEPHEN SEGUNDO PAUL MICHAEL VALENZUELA Submitted to: ROLAND COQUILLA
TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgement………………………………………………………………….iii Abstract……………………………………………………………………………..iv Chapter I: The Problem and its Background……………………………………..1 1.1 Introduction…………………………………………...……………………1 1.2 Statement of the Problem….……………………………………………….2 1.3 Hypothesis….…………………………….………………………………...2 1.4 Significance of the Study….…………………………….…………………3 1.5 Scope and Limitation….…………………………….……………………...3 ii Chapter II: Review of Related Literature….…………………………….………..5 2.1 Related Literature….…………………………….…………………………5 2.2 Research Paradigm….…………………………….………………………10 2.3 Definition of Terms….…………………………….……………………...11 Chapter III: Research Methodology….…………………………….……………12 3.1 Research Design….…………………………….…………………………12 3.2 Locale and Population of the Study….…………………………….……..12 3.3 Statistical Treatment Used….…………………………….……………….12 Chapter IV: Presentation, Analysis, and Interpretation of Data….……………13 Chapter V: Summary, Conclusion, and Recommendations….…………………20 5.1 Summary of Findings….…………………………….……………………20 5.2 Conclusion….…………………………….…………………………….…23 5.3 Recommendations….…………………………….……………………….24
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The researchers would like to acknowledge the persons behind this successful study especially to Ms. Jean Alonso and Mr. Hendrix Tan for allowing us to conduct the survey. We would like to thank our professor Mr. Roland Coquilla for the knowledge he shared with us and for guiding us throughout the study. We would also like to thank our parents for the moral and financial support. Without their continuous love and encouragement this study would be impossible to accomplish. We would like to show our gratitude to PATTS College of Aeronautics for opening its doors to our survey, and also to the student of BS Air Transportation program for cooperating and by answering our survey honestly. Without them and their pearls of wisdom we can't answer the problems in our research and we can't analyze or present the data's properly that were needed for the study. Without the individual efforts donated in our study, we would not be able to complete this thesis.
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ABSTRACT The Philippines has a varied history regarding death penalty. This method of punishment was suspended on June 24, 2006 for the second time since 1987. Since its suspension, there have been continued public and media calls for its reintroduction, particularly prompted by high-profile murder and drug-related cases. Today it is an issue that politicians are discussing. By method of surveying, the researchers would like to know the current perception of the public – specifically of the second year BS Air Transportation students – regarding death penalty. This is a study in four parts. The first part aims to determine the demographic profile of the BS Air Transportation students. The second part aims to determine their perception towards the concept of death penalty. The third part aims to determine their perception towards the effects of death penalty. The fourth part aims to determine their recommendations to their fellow students to avoid being punished with the death penalty. The information gathered in this study could provide insights on how legislators and executives should discuss the issue of legalizing the death penalty, if they are to draft laws as controversial and delicate as this.
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Chapter I THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND 1.1 Introduction Capital punishment is the death penalty. It is used today and was used in ancient times to punish a variety of offenses. Even the Christian bible advocates punishment of death for murder and other crimes such as kidnapping and witchcraft. There is a dichotomy of opinion in Filipino society regarding death penalty. Whether a Filipino agrees or disagrees with the legalization of death penalty may be affected by his or her political view, religion, age, upbringing, or social status. But in some instances, even Filipinos belonging to the same subcategory have varying opinions regarding death penalty. An example is the millennial generation. Some millennials believe that the death penalty is necessary to reduce criminality. However, some millenials also believe that the death penalty is a human rights violation. The researchers would like to gain the knowledge on what is the perception of the public, specifically the second year students of BS Air Transportation for AY 2016-2017. Through this research, the researchers can gain information that can be a factor so that they may better understand the knowledge and the point of view of the millennial generation towards death penalty. This is a study in four parts. The first part aims to determine the demographic profile of the second year BS Air Transportation students. The second part aims to determine the perception of the students regarding the concept of death penalty. The third part aims to determine the perception of the students regarding the effects of death penalty. The fourth part aims to determine the recommendations of the students to other respondents on how to avoid being punished with death penalty.
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1.2 Statement of the Problem The main objective of this study is to determine the perception of the second year BS Air Transportation students of PATTS College of Aeronautics for AY 20162017 regarding death penalty. 1.2.1 Sub-Problems 1. What is the demographic profile of the second year BS Air Transportation students in terms of: 1.1 Gender 1.2 Age 1.3 Religion 2. What is the level of perception of the second year BS Air Transportation students regarding: 2.1 The concept of death penalty 2.2 The effects of death penalty 3. What are the recommendations of of the second year BS Air Transportation students to other respondents to avoid being punished with the death penalty? 1.3 Hypothesis The researchers hypothesize that the second year BS Air Transportation students are mostly around the ages of 16 to 18, male, and Roman Catholic. They agree that death penalty is a human rights violation, and that it is not appropriate in the 21st century. For most of them, death penalty is against their religious beliefs. Nevertheless, they believe that death penalty would be legalized under the administration of President Rodrigo Duterte. They also agree that drug lords, drug pushers, drug users, drug smugglers, rapists, and corrupt politicians should be executed. However, they disagree that homicide should be punishable by death. They believe that death penalty is unfair to lower-class civilians. Regarding methods of
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execution, they approve of death by firing squad and by lethal injection, but they disapprove of death by hanging and by electric chair. They strongly believe that death penalty will reduce crime, and that it will make civilians feel safe to wander outdoors at any time. However, they also agree that death penalty will trigger fear in every individual, regardless of innocence or social class, although they don’t believe that death penalty will negatively affect the national economy. To avoid being punished with the death penalty, they mostly recommend to other students to never try drugs, alcohol, cigarettes, and other harmful and/or illegal substances; to not yield to peer pressure, and to choose friends wisely. 1.4 Significance of the Study This study, entitled “The Level of Perception of the Second Year BS Air Transportation Students of PATTS College of Aeronautics regarding Death Penalty” aims to know if the Filipino youth are in favor of implementing back this method of punishment. Many will benefit in the study especially the Filipino society for this study will raise their awareness towards this issue it will inform them how serious this matter and how it will benefit the country when talking about improvement. The study will educate the youth to be more responsible towards their actions and will warn them towards the consequences their actions. The study will help the Filipino citizens analyze the effects of capital punishment in the country. This study could also help the legislators of the Philippines to recognize the perception of the youth regarding death penalty, if they are to draft laws as sensitive and delicate as this. 1.5 Scope and Limitation The preparation, surveying, data analysis, writing, revision, and defense for this study took a period of two months, from August 2016 to the first week of October 2016.
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This study focuses on the perception of the second year BS Air Transportation students of PATTS College of Aeronautics regarding death penalty in the Philippines. One hundred respondents were requested to answer a survey regarding their perception regarding death penalty. The survey was written by the researchers of this survey. The respondents are only informed about the concept of death penalty through what they perceive in the news, the opinions of other people, and what they have studied in the basic education curriculum of the Philippines. They do not have intensive educational background in law, ethics, theology, etc. and are not sufficiently knowledgeable about capital punishment. They all answered the survey voluntarily. The crimes examined in this study are rape (in all forms), homicide, trafficking of illegal drugs, pushing of illegal drugs, and production of illegal drugs. The methods of execution examined in this study are death by legal injection, electric chair, hanging, and firing squad.
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Chapter II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 2.1 Related Literature President Rodrigo Duterte has insisted on executing criminals by hanging. While critics of capital punishment view it as “inhuman,” the president claims that criminals under the influence of drugs have been reduced to a “bestial state.” Duterte is asking for re-imposition of death penalty so that he can hang criminals. He asked that while critics say that death penalty is inhuman, what is human about killing an 18-year-old child and raping her? He also added that drugs have reduced human killing into bestial state. Duterte reiterated that the death penalty is more of retribution than a deterrent to a crime. President Rodrigo Duterte wants 50 convicts executed every month by hanging once Congress re-imposes the death penalty, representative-elect Danilo Suarez of Quezon. The president feels that if at least 50 drug lords and other convicts are hanged every month, their execution will deter crime. Suarez said that Duterte revealed his plans during a meeting with 19 members of the House of Representatives led by Speaker Feliciano Belmonte Jr. Suarez said the nation’s next leader told them that he would like Congress to restore the death penalty within the end of 2016. The offices of Senators Panfilo Lacson and Vicente Sotto III confirmed the Senators are proposing separate bills, both covering a wide range of heinous crimes
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(from drug-related offenses to terrorism, murder, rape, human trafficking, even treason and plunder) to be punishable by death. Lacson noted an alarming increase in criminality. The PNP’s Directorate for Investigation and Detective Management has documented 9,646 murder cases, 31,741 cases of robbery, and 10,298 rape cases in 2015. These translate to an average incidence of murder every 54 minutes, robbery every 16 minutes, and rape every 51 minutes. Lacson said life imprisonment, the maximum penalty for some heinous crimes, is not a deterrent to grave offenders, thus the need to revive capital punishment. The returning Senator stated that to reinstate public order and the rule of law, there is an impending need to revisit and re-impose the death penalty on certain heinous crimes. He added that death penalty law is appropriately necessary due to the alarming upsurge of such crimes. Citing PNP data in 2015, Lacson said 75 percent of the most heinous crimes were drug-related while 65 percent of inmates in prisons were either accused or convicted of drug-related crimes. Sotto previously said the surge in heinous crimes compels the government to resort to the “ultimate criminal penalty” as provided for in the Constitution. Sotto filed the revival of death penalty in the 16th Congress, but failed to gain support from his fellow lawmakers. But with President Rodrigo Duterte being vocal in the fight against criminality, Sotto is confident capital punishment will be restored. Aside from drug-related crimes, Lacson also proposes to expand the coverage of death penalty to include other heinous crimes such as terrorism, infanticide, parricide, rape, and murder. Carnapping, trafficking of persons, illegal recruitment, kidnapping and serious illegal detention, and robbery, will also be considered as heinous crimes and will be punishable by death.
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Lacson also seeks to impose death penalty on qualified piracy, qualified bribery, and destructive arson, even treason and plunder. Should the bill be enacted into law, death sentence shall be carried out not later than one year after the judgment has become final and executory. The President, however, can exercise executive clemency powers at all times. Quezon City posted the highest number of index crimes from 2010 to 2015, according to data released by the Philippine National Police (PNP). According to the data from the PNP, from 2010 to 2015, Quezon city had 961 murder cases, 966 homicide cases, and 1122 rape cases. Manila had 712 murder cases, 603 homicide cases, and 746 rape cases. Cebu City had 806 murder cases, 189 homicide cases, and 272 rape cases. Davao city had 1032 murder cases, 245 homicide cases, and 843 rape cases. Cagayan de Oro City had 383 murder cases, 165 homicide cases, and 367 rape cases. These are the five cities with the highest incidence of crime in the Philippines from 2010 to 2015. Every 53 minutes, a woman or a child is raped, with seven in 10 victims of rape being children. Every 16 minutes, a woman is battered. This is the predicament of women and children in the country, according to a study by the Center for Women’s Resources (CWR), a research and training institution for women. The study also found that victims are getting younger and the numbers are rising. Based on CWR’s estimate, the number of recorded rape cases increased by 92 percent from 5,132 in 2010 to 9,875 in 2014. Violations of the Anti-Violence Against Women and Children Act escalated by 200 percent from year 2010 to 2014.
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Human rights lawyers have expressed their strong opposition to the plan of President-elect Rodrigo Duterte to revive the death penalty for heinous crimes and implement a “shoot-to-kill” policy against suspected criminals who violently resisting arrest. In a statement, the Free Legal Assistance Group (FLAG) said Duterte will violate the constitution and international law if he pursues his plan. FLAG Chairman Jose Diokno said that these actions are illegal and unconstitutional, render our legal system impotent and meaningless, and blatantly violate international law. Diokno noted that the death penalty and “shoot-to-kill” policy are anti-poor, stressing that more than eighty percent of Filipinos are poor. He said that seventy-three percent of the 1,121 inmates on death row before the death penalty was abolished in 2006 earned less than P10,000 a month. Eightyone percent, in addition, worked in low-income jobs as sales, service, factory, agricultural, transport or construction workers. If these numbers are any indication, it is those who live in poverty who will suffer the most if the death penalty is restored. Diokno also said that the poor bore the brunt of wrongful death penalty convictions. Citing data from the Supreme Court, he said that 71 percent of the death sentences handed down by the trial courts were wrongfully imposed. This means that 7 out of 10 convicts on death row were wrongfully convicted. The lawyer explained that the poor are vulnerable to the death penalty because they have no voice, no money, no power, and lack the resources to hire good lawyers. For exactly the same reasons, they will also be vulnerable to the proposed “shoot-tokill” policy of the President-elect. The president of the Catholic Bishops' Conference of the Philippines, Dagupan-Lingayen Archbishop Socrates Villegas, has indicated he will seek a
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meeting with Duterte to ask him to reconsider his plan to revive the death penalty, according to Lipa Archbishop Ramon Arguelles. In a TV interview, CBCP Archbishop-emeritus Oscar Cruz also objected to Duterte's plan. "We will certainly oppose his plan, especially the CBCP. The Church will not take it sitting down, but will stand against death penalty," Cruz said. Bishop of Balanga Ruperto Santos also disagreed with Duterte's plan, which he described as akin to playing God. "Only God has power over life. God gives life and God takes life. No one should play God," he said. Paeng David, National Chairperson of Akbayan Youth asked how we can start the healing process if we continue the cycle of violence. He said that . The country is still recovering from the divisiveness of the previous national election will only bleed further with such a controversial proposition. David further pointed out that death penalty is not the solution to criminality and drug addiction, and will only serve to target the poor and vulnerable. David emphasized that execution is not the solution. Amnesty International reports even show that two thirds of all countries have turned their backs against the barbaric practice, and more are expected to also abolish it. Other reports show no marked difference between crime rate in states that have death penalty and those who have no such policy. David added that apart from being ineffective, death penalty is also anti-poor. In a justice system like ours, only the rich can afford good legal representation and the poor are left to be condemned to death. The group forwarded that instead of bringing back the death penalty, the government should focus on reforming the justice system and promoting rehabilitative criminal justice in the country.
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2.2 Research Paradigm
Input
Process
Output
The
The
The results of
demographic
respondents
the study
profile of the
answered
respondents
survey
was
questionnaire
a
determined.
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2.3 Definition of Terms The definition of some terms used in this study are listed below: •
agreement percentage – the level of how an individual or a group of individuals agree with a certain idea on a scale of 0 to 100.
•
BS Air Transportation – a four-year undergraduate course offered in PATTS College of Aeronautics
•
death penalty – punishment by execution
•
dichotomy – a division or contrast between two things that are or are represented as being opposed or entirely different
•
drugs – illegal medicines or other substances which have a physiological and/or psychological effect when ingested or otherwise introduced into the body
•
homicide – the accidental and/or unintentional killing of another person
•
millennial – a person born from the early 1980s to the early 2000s
•
murder – the intentional killing of another person
•
PATTS College of Aeronautics – a college located in San Isidro, Parañaque City
•
perception – the way something is interpreted, the opinion towards something
•
quantify – to express in numbers
•
questionnaire – a set of printed or written questions with a choice of answers, devised for the purposes of a survey or statistical study
•
rape – the crime of forcing another person to have sexual intercourse with the offender against their will
•
survey – investigate the opinions of a group of people by asking them questions
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Chapter III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 1.1 Research Design This study was undertaken at PATTS College of Aeronautics in Parañaque City, a college offering bachelor-degree courses related to the aviation industry. This study utilized purposive sampling in choosing the respondents. One hundred second year BS Air Transportation students were taken as respondents. 3.2 Locale and Population of the Study The study was conducted within the campus of PATTS College of Aeronautics which is located in San Isidro, Parañaque City. Approximately two hundred second year BS Air Transportation students have studied in PATTS College of Aeronautics during the first semester of the Academic Year 2016-2017. One hundred of these students answered the survey. 3.3 Statistical Treatment Used On the first part of the study which aims to determine the demographic profile of the second year BS Air Transportation students, one hundred respondents were asked to specify their age, gender, and religion in a survey questionnaire. On the second and third parts of the study, the Likert’s scale was used to quantify the level of perception of the respondents regarding the concept and effects death penalty. One hundred respondents were asked to write their response to 28 given statements on the survey questionnaire. The response choices are the following: “strongly agree,” “agree,” “neutral,” “disagree,” and “strongly disagree.” Each choice has an arbitrary equivalent value. “Strongly agree” has an equivalent value of 4. “Agree” has an equivalent value of 3. “Neutral” has an equivalent value of 2. “Disagree” has an equivalent value of 1. “Strongly disagree” has an equivalent value
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of 0. All one hundred responses for each statement were added. The highest possible value sum each statement can obtain is 400 and the lowest is 0. The equivalent agreement percentage per statement was obtained from the sum. If the percentage is within the range of 0% to 19%, then the respondents strongly disagree with the statement. If the percentage is within the range of 20% to 39%, then the respondents disagree with the statement. If the percentage is within the range of 40% to 59%, then the respondents are neutral towards the statement. If the percentage is within the range of 60% to 79%, then the respondents agree with the statement. If the percentage is within the range of 80% to 100%, then the respondents strongly agree with the statement. Each statement is considered separately. The agreement percentage in one statement does not affect the percentage of agreement in another statement. On the fourth part of the study which aims to determine what the second year BS Air Transportation students recommend to other respondents to avoid being punished with the death penalty, 11 recommendations were written by the researchers. Each respondent was to put a check on three boxes corresponding to the recommendation of their choice. The statements are then ranked from most chosen recommendation to least chosen recommendation. All statements are considered relative. The frequency of one statement affects the frequency of another statement.
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Chapter IV PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA The collected data in this study are discussed and interpreted in this chapter. On the first part of this study, the demographic profile of one hundred respondents was calculated. On the second and third parts of the study, one hundred respondents were asked to rate from 0 to 4 how much they agree with twenty-eight given statements regarding the concept and the effects of death penalty. Each statement has a maximum possible value sum of 400 and a minimum of 0. On the fourth part of the study, each respondent was asked to choose three out of eleven recommendations to on how to avoid being punished with the death penalty. 14 I. Demographic profile Age
Rank
15 years old and below
2%
4th
16 to 18 years old
83%
1st
19 to 21 years old
10%
2nd
22 years old and above
1%
5th
Not specified
4%
3rd
Gender
Percentage
Percentage
Rank
Male
75%
1st
Female
24%
2nd
Not specified
1%
3rd
Religion
Percentage
Rank
Roman Catholic
66%
1st
Christian
5%
3rd
Born Again
4%
4th
Iglesia Ni Cristo
2%
5th
Baptist
1%
6th
Protestant
1%
6th
Not specified
21%
2nd 15
Table 1. The demographic profile of the respondents II. Perception on the concept of death penalty Statement
1. Death penalty is a human rights violation. 2. Death penalty is not appropriate in the 21st century. 3. Death penalty is against my religious beliefs.
Average
Agreement Perception
response
percentage
2.36
59.00%
Neutral
2.05
51.25%
Neutral
2.54
63.50%
Agree
3.00
75.00%
Agree
4. Death penalty would be legalized in the administration of Pres. Rodrigo Duterte
5. Death penalty is necessary to
2.91
72.75%
Agree
2.07
51.75%
Neutral
3.10
77.50%
Agree
2.92
73.00%
Agree
1.70
42.50%
Neutral
3.06
76.50%
Agree
3.12
78.00%
Agree
12. Drug lords should be executed.
3.13
78.25%
Agree
13. Drug pushers should be executed.
3.06
76.50%
Agree
14. Drug users should be executed.
2.64
66.00%
Agree
2.86
71.50%
Agree
everyone involved in drug syndicates. 6. Death penalty is fair to lower-class civilians. 7. All forms of rape should be punishable by death. 8. Possession of illegal drugs should be punishable by death. 9. Lawful killing (self-defense, accidents, etc.) should be punishable by death. 10. Moving of illegal drugs in and out of the country should be punishable by death. 11. Production of illegal drugs should be punishable by death.
15. Corrupt government officials should be executed.
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16. Death by hanging would be an appropriate method of execution, if it
2.54
63.50%
Agree
2.54
63.50%
Agree
2.71
67.75%
Agree
2.36
59.00%
Neutral
were legal. 17. Death by firing squad would be an appropriate method of execution, if it were legal. 18. Death by lethal injection would be an appropriate method of execution, if it were legal. 19. Death by electric chair would be an appropriate method of execution, if it were legal. Table 2. The obtained sum, percentage of agreement, and remark for each statement regarding the concept of death penalty III. Perception on the effects of death penalty Statement
1. Death penalty will reduce crime.
2. Death penalty will cause social and political distress. 3. Death penalty will negatively affect the national economy.
Average
Agreement Remark
response
percentage Strongly
3.42
85.50%
2.95
73.75%
Agree
2.45
61.25%
Agree
Agree
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4. Death penalty will contribute in solving overpopulation. 5. Death penalty will make civilians feel safe to wander outdoors at any time. 6. Death penalty will trigger fear in drug lords and billionaire criminals. 7. Death penalty will trigger fear in criminals living in the slums. 8. Death penalty will trigger fear in innocent billionaires.
2.50
62.50%
Agree
2.99
74.75%
Agree
3.18
79.50%
Agree
3.10
77.50%
Agree
2.73
68.25%
Agree 18
9. Death penalty will trigger fear innocent civilians living in the slums.
2.83
70.75%
Agree
Table 3. The obtained sum, percentage of agreement, and remark for each statement regarding the effects of death penalty IV. Recommendations to other respondents to avoid being punished with death penalty Statement 1. Obey the curfew 2. Attend seminars about substance abuse. 3. Prioritize studies.
Frequency
Percentage Rank
41
13.67%
3rd
15
5.00%
9th
37
12.33%
5th
4. Choose friends wisely
43
14.33%
2nd
5. Don’t yield to peer pressure.
22
7.33%
8th
6. Have a medical check-up regularly.
8
2.67%
10th
7. Live a healthy lifestyle
38
12.67%
4th
8. Approach parents for guidance.
25
8.33%
6th
9. Don’t skip class.
23
7.67%
7th
44
14.67%
1st
10. Never try drugs, alcohol, cigarettes, and other harmful and/or illegal substances.
19
11. Other
4
1.33%
th
11
Table 4. The frequency, percentage, and rank for each given recommendation statement
Chapter V SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS 5.1 Summary of Findings Upon interpreting the collected data, the researchers discovered that by age, 83% of the respondents are 16 to 18 years old, 10% of the respondents are 19 to 21 years old, 2% of the respondents are 15 years old and below, 1% of the respondents is 21 years old and above, while the remaining 4% refused to specify their age. By gender, 75% of the respondents are male, 24% of the respondents are female, while the remaining 1% did not specify their gender. By religion, 66% of the respondents are Roman Catholic, 5% of the respondents are Christian, 4% of the respondents are Born Again, 2% of the respondents are Iglesia Ni Cristo, 1% of the respondents is Baptist, 1% of the respondents is Protestant, while the remaining 21% refused to specify their religion. The second part of the study aims to quantify the perception of the respondents regarding the concept of death penalty. The respondents have a 59.00% agreement percentage whether death penalty is a human rights violation, which means they are neutral. They have a 51.25% agreement percentage whether death penalty is appropriate in the 21st century, which also means they are neutral. Statement 3 which states that death penalty is against their religious beliefs obtained an an agreement percentage of 63.50%, which indicates that they agree with the statement. With a percentage of agreement of 75.00%, they agree that the death penalty would be legalized in the administration of Pres. Rodrigo Duterte. They have a 72.75% agreement percentage whether death penalty is necessary to everyone involved in drug syndicates, which means they agree. They are neutral whether death penalty is fair to lower-class civilians, which obtained an agreement percentage of 51.75%. Statement 7 which states that all forms of rape should be punishable by death obtained an agreement percentage of 77.50%, which indicates that they agree with the statement.
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With a percentage of agreement of 73.00%, they agree that possession of illegal drugs should be punishable by death. They have a 42.50% agreement percentage whether lawful killing should be punishable by death, which means they are neutral. They agree that moving of illegal drugs in and out of the country should be punishable by death, which obtained an agreement percentage of 76.50%. Statement 11 which states that production of illegal drugs should be punishable by death obtained an an agreement percentage of 78.00%, which indicates that they agree with the statement. With a percentage of agreement of 78.25%, they agree that drug lords should be executed. They agree that drug pushers should be executed, which obtained an agreement percentage of 76.50%. They have a 66.00% agreement percentage whether drug users should be executed, which means they agree. Statement 15 which states that corrupt government officials should be executed obtained an agreement percentage of 71.50%, which indicates that they agree with the statement. With a percentage of agreement of 63.50%, they agree that death by hanging would be an appropriate method of execution if it were legal. They agree that death by firing squad would be an appropriate method of execution if it were legal, which obtained an agreement percentage of 63.50%. They have a 67.75% agreement percentage whether death by lethal injection would be an appropriate method of execution if it were legal, which means they agree. Statement 19 which states that death by electric chair would be an appropriate method of execution if it were legal obtained an agreement percentage of 59.00%, which indicates that they are neutral towards the statement. The third part of the study aims to quantify the perception of the respondents regarding the effects of death penalty. They have an 85.50% agreement percentage whether drug penalty will reduce crime, which means they strongly agree. Statement 2 which states that death penalty will cause social and political distress obtained an agreement percentage of 73.75%, which indicates that they agree with the statement. With a percentage of agreement of 61.25%, they agree that death penalty will negatively affect the national economy. They agree that death penalty will contribute
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in solving the problem of overpopulation, which obtained an agreement percentage of 62.50%. They have an 74.75% agreement percentage whether death penalty will make civilians feel safe to wander outdoors at any time, which means they agree. Statement 6 which states that death penalty will trigger fear in drug lords and billionaire criminals obtained an agreement percentage of 79.50%, which indicates that they agree with the statement. With a percentage of agreement of 77.50%, they agree that death penalty will trigger fear in criminals living in the slums. They agree that death penalty will trigger fear in innocent billionaires, which obtained an agreement percentage of 68.25%. They have an 70.75% agreement percentage whether death penalty will trigger fear in innocent civilians living in the slums, which means they agree. The fourth part of the study aims to determine the recommendations of the respondents to other respondents to avoid being punished with the death penalty. There were 100 respondents. 44 respondents recommend to never try drugs, alcohol, cigarettes, and other harmful and/or illegal substances. This recommendation received 14.67% of the total votes, which placed it in the 1st rank. 43 respondents recommend to choose friends wisely. This recommendation received 14.33% of the total votes, which placed it in the 2nd rank. 41 respondents recommend to obey the curfew. This recommendation received 13.67% of the total votes, which placed it in the 3rd rank. 38 respondents recommend to live a healthy lifestyle. This recommendation received 12.67% of the total votes, which placed it in the 4th rank. 37 respondents recommend to prioritize studies. This recommendation received 12.33% of the total votes, which placed it in the 5th rank. 25 respondents recommend to approach parents for guidance. This recommendation received 8.33% of the total votes, which placed it in the 6th rank. 23 respondents recommend to not skip class. This recommendation received 7.67% of the total votes, which placed it in the 7th rank. 22 respondents recommend to not yield to peer pressure. This recommendation received 7.33% of the total votes, which placed it in the 8th rank. 15 respondents recommend to attend seminars about substance abuse. This recommendation received 5.00% of the total votes, which placed it in the 9th rank.
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8 respondents recommend to have a medical check-up regularly. This recommendation received 2.67% of the total votes, which placed it in the 10th rank. 4 respondents have other recommendations. This received 1.33% of the total votes, which placed it in the 11th rank. 5.2 Conclusion Upon interpreting the collected data, the researchers discovered that by age, in descending frequency, 83% of the the second year BS Air Transportation students of AY 2016-2017 are 16 to 18 years old, 21% are 19 to 21 years old, 2% are 15 years old and below, and 1% is 21 years old and above. By gender, in descending frequency, 75% are male, and 24% are female. By religion, in descending frequency, 66% are Roman Catholic, 5% are Christian, 4% are Born Again, 2% are Iglesia Ni Cristo, 1% is Baptist, and 1% is Protestant. The students are neutral whether death penalty is a human rights violation, and whether death penalty is appropriate in the 21st century. For most of the students, death penalty is against their religious beliefs. Nevertheless, they believe that death penalty would be legalized in the administration of President Rodrigo Duterte. The respondents mostly agree that every drug-related crime and every drug-related criminal should be punished with death penalty. They also agree that corruption and rape in all forms should be punishable by death. The students are, however, neutral whether lawful killing should be punishable by death. They are also neutral whether death penalty is fair to lower-class citizens. The students agree that death by hanging, death by firing squad, and death by lethal injection are appropriate methods of execution if the methods were legal. However, they are neutral whether death by electric chair is an appropriate method of execution if it were legal. The students strongly believe that the legalization death penalty will reduce crime. They agree that death penalty will help solve overpopulation and make civilians feel safe. However, they also agree that death penalty will cause social and political
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distress, negatively affect the national economy, and trigger fear in civilians from any social class, innocent or criminal. To avoid being punished with the death penalty, the students mostly recommend their fellow students to never try drugs, alcohol, cigarettes, and other harmful and/or illegal substances; to choose friends wisely, and to obey the curfew. 5.3 Recommendations After conducting a through research about the perception of the youth regarding death penalty, the researchers recommend the following:
•
The researchers’ fellow students must educate themselves about government, law, and the current political climate. Death penalty is a serious issue. Everyone must be well-informed about current events to be able to establish firm and sound opinions about this issue. The Philippines is a democracy, after all, which means that the opinion of every citizen matters.
•
The current legislators and executives of Philippine government must take into consideration the perception of the youth regarding death penalty. The researchers recommend to integrate civic education into the tertiary curriculum. The researchers have observed that most of their fellow tertiary students are not well-informed about death penalty, and law in general. They should be educated in Philippine government and constitution, as well as in ethics.
•
The officers and teachers of PATTS College of Aeronautics must guide their students in forming opinions and political views.
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APPENDIX
LIST OF APPENDICES List of Tables Documentation Resumé of the Researchers Bibliography
LIST OF TABLES 1. The demographic profile of the respondents….………………………………...14 2. The obtained sum, percentage of agreement, and remark for each statement regarding the concept of death penalty….…………………………….……………………..15 3. The obtained sum, percentage of agreement, and remark for each statement regarding the effects of death penalty….…………………………….………………………17 4. The frequency, percentage, and rank for each given recommendation statement….…………………………….……………18
DOCUMENTATION
Figures 1 and 2 (left to right). The survey questionnaires were written by the researchers and approved by the consultant.
Figures 3, 4, 5, and 6 (clockwise from top-left). The survey was facilitated by the researchers. The questionnaires were answered by the respondents.
Figure 7. The questionnaires were collected.
Figure 8. The survey responses were tabulated.
Figure 9. The results were calculated using a spreadsheet software.
RESUMÉ OF THE RESEARCHERS
CURRICULUM VITAE Name: Address:
MARTI DENZEL B. DOMINGO B24, L6, Yale Street, Madison South Subdivision, Calamba City, Laguna Contact number: +63 906 539 3981 Email address:
[email protected]
Educational Background: Bachelor of Science in Air Transportation PATTS College of Aeronautics Lombos Ave., San Isidro, Parañaque City 2015 – present Colegio de San Juan de Letran – Calamba Secondary Brgy. Bucal, Calamba City, Laguna 2007 – 2015 Recognition: Mr. Ambassador, Colegio de San Juan de Letran, 2014 – 2014 Prom Prince, Colegio de San Juan de Letran, 2015 Affiliations: Member, Boy Scout of the Philippines, A.Y. 2011 – 2013 Member, Guild of Air Transportation Students, A.Y. 2015 – 2016 Member, PATTS Science Education, 2015 – 2015
CURRICULUM VITAE Name: Address:
ROMMEL DANIEL B. ESPINOSA B34, L6-E, Phase 5, Parklane, Felizana Estate Subivision, Brgy. Pasong Buaya II, Imus, Cavite Contact number: +63 917 310 7570 Email address:
[email protected]
Educational Background: Bachelor of Science in Air Transportation PATTS College of Aeronautics Lombos Ave., San Isidro, Parañaque City 2015 – present Statefields School, Inc. Secondary National Rd., Molino III, Bacoor, Cavite 2011 – 2015 Recognition: OWWA EDSP Scholar, Overseas Workers Welfare Association, May 2015 – present Red Honors Award, Statefields School Inc., March 2015 Perfect Attendance Award, Statefields School Inc., March 2015 Affiliations: Member, PATTS Guild of Air Transportation Students, A.Y. 2015 – present Member, PATTS Researchers Guild, A.Y. 2016 – 2017 Vice President, Book Lovers Club, S.Y. 2013 – 2014
CURRICULUM VITAE Name: Address:
JOMARI ESPIRITU B9, L11, San Antonio Steet, Guadonville Subdivision, Calamba City Contact number: 364 2381 Email address:
[email protected]
Educational Background: Bachelor of Science in Air Transportation PATTS College of Aeronautics Lombos Ave., San Isidro, Parañaque City 2015 – present School of Saint Anthony Secondary B89, L43, Lagro, Quezon City 2011 – 2015 Recognition: Best in Math, School of Saint Anthony, 2015, 2014 Gold Medalist, National Interschool Taekwondo, 2014 Gold Medalist, AAPS Taekwondo Championship, 2013 Silver Medalist, Philippine Taekwondo League, 2012
Affiliations: Member, Guild of Air Transportation Students, A.Y. 2015 – present Member, Green Forum, S.Y. 2014 – 2015 Member, Peer Councilors, S.Y. 2013 – 2014
CURRICULUM VITAE Name: Address:
PAULO NIKKO S. EVANGELIO B15, L31, Phase 2, Avida Sta. Catalina, Dasmariñas, Cavite Contact number: +63 927 7540 Email address:
[email protected]
Educational Background: Bachelor of Science in Air Transportation PATTS College of Aeronautics Lombos Ave., San Isidro, Parañaque City 2015 – present San Beda College Alabang Secondary Alabang Hills Village, Muntinlupa City 2011 – 2015 Recognition: Loyalty Award, San Beda College Alabang, March 2015 Affiliations: Member, Guild of Air Transportation Students, A.Y. 2015 – present Member, PATTS Researchers Guild, A.Y. 2016 – 2017 Member, Photography Club, S.Y. 2014 – 2015
CURRICULUM VITAE Name: Address:
AMADO MARI ANDREI E. LLANES 1734 Javalera St., Parkview Homes, Brgy. Sun Valley, Parañaque City Contact number: +63 927 222 9757 Email address:
[email protected]
Educational Background: Bachelor of Science in Air Transportation PATTS College of Aeronautics Lombos Ave., San Isidro, Parañaque City 2015 – present S.M.F.I Montessori Secondary SAVHA, Brgy. Sun valley 2011 – 2015 Recognition: High school Basketball Varsity Team, S.M.F.I. Montessori, 2014 – 2015 Affiliations: Member, PATTS Math Society, A.Y. 2015 – 2016
CURRICULUM VITAE Name: Address:
IVAN GEROME G. PEREYRA B7 L26 Jade st. Richmond Veraville, Manuyo Dos Las Pinas City. Contact number: +63 917 516 4055 Email address:
[email protected]
Educational Background: Bachelor of Science in Air Transportation PATTS College of Aeronautics Lombos Ave., San Isidro, Parañaque City 2015 – present Young Achievers International School Secondary DBP. Rd DBP farms subd., Pulang lupa dos, Las Pinas City Merry Treasure School BF Resort Drive, Bf Resort Village, Talon Dos, Las Pias City Augustinian Abbey School G.dee Sekiat, BD Resort Village, Talon Dos, Las Piñas City 2011 – 2015 Affiliations: Member, PATTS Guild of Air Transportation Students, A.Y. 2015 – present
CURRICULUM VITAE Name: Address:
EDRICK ALEC S. SAWAL 19 Mandarin Ave., Pleasant Village, Bayanan, Muntinlupa City Contact number: +63 927 222 3582 Email address:
[email protected]
Educational Background: Bachelor of Science in Air Transportation PATTS College of Aeronautics Lombos Ave., San Isidro, Parañaque City 2015 – present Southernside Montessori School Secondary Camella Homes IV, Poblacion, Muntinlupa City 2011 – 2015 Affiliations: Member, Guild of Air Transportation Students, A.Y. 2015 – present
CURRICULUM VITAE Name: Address:
STEPHEN MIGUEL M. SEGUNDO B22 L22 Avecilla Arambulo Street, BF Resort Village Las Pinas City Contact number: +63 927 363 3268 Email address:
[email protected] Educational Background: Bachelor of Science in Air Transportation PATTS College of Aeronautics Lombos Ave., San Isidro, Parañaque City 2015 – present Elizabeth Seton School Secondary BF Resort Village, Las Pinas City 2011 – 2015 Recognition: 3rd Honor Award, Elizabeth Seton School., March 2015 Service Awardee, Elizabeth Seton School., March 2015 Affiliations: Member, PATTS Guild of Air Transportation Students, A.Y. 2015 – present
CURRICULUM VITAE Name: Address:
PAUL MICHAEL D. VALENZUELA Banayo Street, Brgy. Villamonte, Bacolod City Contact number: +63 906 539 3981 Email address:
[email protected]
Educational Background: Bachelor of Science in Air Transportation PATTS College of Aeronautics Lombos Ave., San Isidro, Parañaque City 2015 – present University of Saint La Salle Integrated School Secondary La Salle Ave., Bacolod City 2007 – 2015 Recognition: Affiliations: Member, Guild of Air Transportation Students, A.Y. 2011 – 2013 Member, Social Science Society, A.Y. 2015 – 2016
BIBLIOGRAPHY Romero, Alexis. “Duterte inisists on death penalty by hanging.” philstar.com. The Philippine Star, 25 Jun. 2016. Web. 25 Aug. 2016. Diaz, Jess. “Duterte eyeing 50 executions every month.” philstar.com. The Philippine Star, 10 Jun. 2016. Web. 25 Aug. 2016. Nicolas, Fiona. “Senators seek death penalty for terrorists, plunderes, rapists, drug pushers.” cnnphilippines.com. Cable News Network, 4 Jul. 2016. Web. 25 Aug. 2016. Francisco, Katerina. “PNP: Quezon City has highest number of index crimes.” rappler.com. Rappler, 1 Apr. 2016. Web. 25 Aug. 2016. “Crime in Philippines.” numbeo.com. Numbeo. Web. 25 Aug. 2016. Villanueva, Rhodina. “One woman or child is raped every 53 minutes.” philstar.com. The Philippine Star, 6 Mar. 2016. Web. 25 Aug. 2016. Manila Times. “Poor vunerable to death penalty.” themanilatimes.net. The Manila Times, 21 May 2016. Web. 25 Aug. 2016. Fernandez, Anne. “Catholic church to oppose Duterte on death penalty’s return.” interaksyon.com. TV5, 16 May 2016. Web. 25 Aug. 2016. Summit Express. “Youth group: Death Penalty not solution to fight crime.” thesummitexpress.com. Summit Express, 19 May 2016. Web. 25 Aug. 2016.
