Thesis Presentation

Impact of Presence of Courtyard on Thermal Characteristics of Vernacular Residential Building: An Exploration in Hot-dry Vernacular Context of Ahmedabad. Thesis Presentation Masters in Interior Architecture and Design Faculty of Design, CEPT University

Guide – Prof. Rajan Rawal

Date - 7TH Nov.-2012 Mihir Vakharia, IA0710 MIAD , CEPT University

This work by ‘Mihir Vakharia’ is Part Fulfillment of the requirement for Masters’ Degree in Interior Design Program at CEPT University. Intellectual property of these remains with CEPT University and any content of this should not be copied in total or in part without prior written permission.

Presentation Overview 

Introduction



Background Research Description





Literature Review



Summary



Methodology and Procedure



Research Methodology Selection of Pol-House Selection of Tool Building Model development Input parameters and assumptions for model

   



Results & Analysis

 



Individual Pol-house analysis Comparative analysis for all three Pol -houses

Conclusion

Thesis Presentation This work by ‘Mihir Vakharia’ is Part Fulfillment of the requirement for Masters’ Degree in Interior Design Program at CEPT University. Intellectual property of these remains with CEPT University and any content of this should not be copied in total or in part without prior written permission.

Introduction

Background

The study is based on the hypothesis suggesting that the presence of courtyard helps in attaining thermal comfort in naturally ventilated residential buildings. 1 The study focuses on presence of courtyard in residential unit, a “Pol-House”. in the city of Ahmedabad.  A attempt to understand thermal characteristics of indoor spaces adjacent to courtyard. On-site measurements and building energy simulation tools, such as computational fluid dynamic tools have been used to understand thermal characteristics of Pol house.

Air speed

MRT

RH % Clothing Insulation

Air – Temp.

Metabolic Activity

Thermal Comfort

Thesis Presentation This work by ‘Mihir Vakharia’ is Part Fulfillment of the requirement for Masters’ Degree in Interior Design Program at CEPT University. Intellectual property of these remains with CEPT University and any content of this should not be copied in total or in part without prior written permission.

Aim, Objectives and Limitation

Introduction

Aim: To understand thermal characteristics of indoor spaces of Pol house in the presence of the courtyard for hot –dry climate Ahmedabad, India. Objective:  Impact of courtyard on thermal characteristics of indoor spaces.  Map the environmental variables to understand their effect on thermal comfort of occupants  To study the comfort conditions of naturally ventilated vernacular house with and without presence of courtyard. Scope and Limitations:  Study is done to understand the thermal performance of the naturally ventilated courtyard residential building only.  The study analyses environmental variables e.g. indoor air temperature, air velocity, relative humidity and mean radiant temperature. Where as the daylight performance and energy consumption are not included in analysis.  The Input parameters for simulation model is derived from actual case studies for the analysis, region being defined; Ahmedabad, India i.e. the study is restricted to hot-dry climate of Ahmedabad. Thesis Presentation This work by ‘Mihir Vakharia’ is Part Fulfillment of the requirement for Masters’ Degree in Interior Design Program at CEPT University. Intellectual property of these remains with CEPT University and any content of this should not be copied in total or in part without prior written permission.

Literature review • Rajapaksha in her paper explains that a relatively better indoor thermal modification is seen when the courtyard acts as an air funnel discharging indoor air into the sky, than the courtyard acts as a suction zone inducing air from its sky opening during daytime hours. Consequently promotes nocturnal ventilation (Rajapaksha Indrika, 2004).

• Nasibeh in his paper explain that the influence of the internal courtyard on the thermal condition has a strong reliance on the envelop openings. This study suggests that the internal courtyard of a terrace house can affect improvements in thermal conditions of the courtyard's surrounding spaces, provided sufficient and efficient openings with shading devices are suitably incorporated (Nasibeh et al., 2011).

Thesis Presentation This work by ‘Mihir Vakharia’ is Part Fulfillment of the requirement for Masters’ Degree in Interior Design Program at CEPT University. Intellectual property of these remains with CEPT University and any content of this should not be copied in total or in part without prior written permission.

Literature review Abel Tablada. Et al, explains Rooms facing one courtyard and having single side natural ventilation have very low indoor air speeds. The existence of more than one courtyard provides better ventilation for the central cross ventilated rooms. Nevertheless, this improvement is quite different among the three floors and almost insignificant for the remaining rooms with single-side ventilation. Rooms with exhaust ventilation considerably increase the indoor air speed (Abel Tablada. Et al, 2005). Examine the influence of courtyard configuration and the effect of pilots, on ventilation patterns inside typical school buildings found in Maceió, At the courtyard, best results were obtained under 45°wind incidence, when the distance between the buildings was the largest one. It happened so because the wind flow gets into the courtyard through its open side, without having to pass over the structure located windward, creating high speed air currents (LEONARDO BITTENCOURT AND LUCIANA PEIXOTO 2001). Thesis Presentation This work by ‘Mihir Vakharia’ is Part Fulfillment of the requirement for Masters’ Degree in Interior Design Program at CEPT University. Intellectual property of these remains with CEPT University and any content of this should not be copied in total or in part without prior written permission.

Methodology Thermal parameters of interior spaces having courtyard.

Calibration done with Actual site conditions for 10th April

Prepared model for same Pol house without courtyard

POL HOUSES are chosen from hot and dry climate of Ahmedabad for the study.

Prepared exiting Pol house model in Design builder software for CFD

Analysis

Pol house -1203 Pol house -1213 Pol house -1250 From Moti Hamam ni Pol

Field observation and measurement- 7 days in April 2012 for every two hours form 600 hrs to 2000 hrs for each house

Note: The study is based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation, For naturally ventilated building considering ASHARE standards.

Thesis Presentation This work by ‘Mihir Vakharia’ is Part Fulfillment of the requirement for Masters’ Degree in Interior Design Program at CEPT University. Intellectual property of these remains with CEPT University and any content of this should not be copied in total or in part without prior written permission.

Methodology

Location of POL HOUSES, Ahmedabad. OLD CITY MAP

Pol house -1203 Pol house -1213 Pol house -1250 From “Moti Hamam ni Pol” selected for study

Onsite Data collection

Measured data -7days (7th, 10th, 13th, 16th, 18th, 22nd, 24 th in April 2012 (every two hours form 600 hrs to 2000 Relative Humidity Air Temperature Air Velocity Globe Temperature Surface Temperature

Weather Data Ahmedabad collected for April 2012 (Hourly) Outside Relative Humidity Outside Dry Bulb Temperature Air Velocity

Weather Data Ahmedabad collected for April – July 2012 (Hourly) Relative Humidity Air Temperature

Thesis Presentation This work by ‘Mihir Vakharia’ is Part Fulfillment of the requirement for Masters’ Degree in Interior Design Program at CEPT University. Intellectual property of these remains with CEPT University and any content of this should not be copied in total or in part without prior written permission.

MOTI HAMAM NI POL LOCATION MAP

Methodology

Instruments Used – Onsite Data Instruments Used

Measured Parameters

TSI / Airflow: TA430

Air velocity, Relative Humidity and Air Temperature

Extech HT30 meter

Globe temperature

Fluke 561 Infrared

Surface temperature

Hobo Logger

Thermometer Hobo Logger

Hourly data for Air Temperature and Relative Humidity

http://www.wunderground.c

Weather Data

om Energy Plus (IND_AHMADABAD_IWEC)

Weather Data for Simulation

Fluke 561 Infrared Thermometer

Extech HT30 meter TSI / Airflow: TA430

Thesis Presentation This work by ‘Mihir Vakharia’ is Part Fulfillment of the requirement for Masters’ Degree in Interior Design Program at CEPT University. Intellectual property of these remains with CEPT University and any content of this should not be copied in total or in part without prior written permission.

Simulation Tool Building Model Development

DesignBuilder Version 3.0.0.097 is has been used tool for research study.  The developed models have central courtyard , adjacent zones were assumed to be naturally ventilated.  Models were assumed central courtyard or no courtyard with adjacent zones.  Common walls(North-South) with Neighbour structure and ground floor area were kept as adiabatic .  Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is the term used to describe a family of numerical methods used to calculate the temperature, velocity and various other fluid properties throughout the region of space. 

Thesis Presentation This work by ‘Mihir Vakharia’ is Part Fulfillment of the requirement for Masters’ Degree in Interior Design Program at CEPT University. Intellectual property of these remains with CEPT University and any content of this should not be copied in total or in part without prior written permission.

Methodology

Input parameter – Computational Fluid Dynamics Input Parameters and Boundary Conditions Grid Spacing Boundary conditions for cfd

Grid Line Merge tolerance

0.3 m 0.03 m

Input parameters for cfd analysis Activity

residential circulation areas natural ventilation (no heating

HVAC

and cooling)

Comfort calculation Personal factors

Metabolic Rate (met

1

Clothing level (clo.)

0.5 for summer and 1 for winter

Relative humidity

50.00%

Turbulence Model

k-e

CFD Internal analysis Discretisation scheme

upwind

Cell monitor

centre

Variable

x-velocity comp. x-velocity, Y-velocity, z-velocity,

Thesis Presentation

Residual

temp., turbulence

This work by ‘Mihir Vakharia’ is Part Fulfillment of the requirement for Masters’ Degree in Interior Design Program at CEPT University. Intellectual property of these remains with CEPT University and any content of this should not be copied in total or in part without prior written permission.

Case Study

Pol House -1203

Owner –Bhimji Bhai Dhabi House Age – > 70 years No. of Persons – 7

House placed between street A and B in Moti Hamam Ni Pol, Ahmedabad.

Floor

Area (sq.m)

Ground Floor First Floor

3.2 14.2 3.2 14.2

x

2.6

x

3.0

Second Floor

3.2 12.2

x

2.6

Thesis Presentation This work by ‘Mihir Vakharia’ is Part Fulfillment of the requirement for Masters’ Degree in Interior Design Program at CEPT University. Intellectual property of these remains with CEPT University and any content of this should not be copied in total or in part without prior written permission.

Height (m)

Case Study

Pol House -1203

45

OPERATIVE TEMP (GF-Courtyard)

OPERATIVE TEMP (GF-Room)

OPERATIVE TEMP (FF-Room)

OPERATIVE TEMP (FF-Bedroom)

OUTSIDE DRY BULB TEMP (WEATHER DATA)

CALCULATED OPERATIVE TEMPERATURE

40 35 30 25 20

45

RECORDED TEMP(GF-Courtyard) RECORDED TEMP (FF-Room) OUTSIDE DRY BULB TEMP (WEATHER DATA)

RECORDED TEMP (GF-Room) RECORDED TEMP (FF-Bedroom)

RECORDED AIR TEMPERATURE

40 35 30 25 02:00 05:00 08:00 11:00 14:00 17:00 20:00 23:00 02:00 05:00 08:00 11:00 14:00 17:00 20:00 23:00 02:00 05:00 08:00 11:00 14:00 17:00 20:00 23:00 02:00 05:00 08:00 11:00 14:00 17:00 20:00 23:00 02:00 05:00 08:00 11:00 14:00 17:00 20:00 23:00 02:00 05:00 08:00 11:00 14:00 17:00 20:00 23:00 02:00 05:00 08:00 11:00 14:00 17:00 20:00 23:00

20

This work by ‘Mihir Vakharia’ is Part Fulfillment of the requirement for Masters’ Degree in Interior Design Program at CEPT University. Intellectual property of these remains with CEPT University and any content of this should not be copied in total or in part without prior written permission.

Case Study

Pol House -1203 RECORDED RH (GF-Courtyard) RECORDED RH (FF-Bedroom)

RECORDED RH (GF-Room) RELATIVE HUMIDITY (WEATHER DATA)

RELATIVE HUMIDITY

RECORDED RH (FF-Room)

100 80 60 40 20 02:00 05:00 08:00 11:00 14:00 17:00 20:00 23:00 02:00 05:00 08:00 11:00 14:00 17:00 20:00 23:00 02:00 05:00 08:00 11:00 14:00 17:00 20:00 23:00 02:00 05:00 08:00 11:00 14:00 17:00 20:00 23:00 02:00 05:00 08:00 11:00 14:00 17:00 20:00 23:00 02:00 05:00 08:00 11:00 14:00 17:00 20:00 23:00 02:00 05:00 08:00 11:00 14:00 17:00 20:00 23:00

0

East wall

West wall

Slab surface

Outside Drybulb temp

MAX. SURAFACE TEMPERATURE

45 40 35

GF- court yard

GF- Room

FF- Room

This work by ‘Mihir Vakharia’ is Part Fulfillment of the requirement for Masters’ Degree in Interior Design Program at CEPT University. Intellectual property of these remains with CEPT University and any content of this should not be copied in total or in part without prior written permission.

FF- Bedroom

24-04-2012

20-04-2012

18-04-2012

16-04-2012

13-04-2012

10-04-2012

07-04-2012

24-04-2012

20-04-2012

18-04-2012

16-04-2012

13-04-2012

10-04-2012

07-04-2012

24-04-2012

20-04-2012

18-04-2012

16-04-2012

13-04-2012

10-04-2012

07-04-2012

24-04-2012

20-04-2012

18-04-2012

16-04-2012

13-04-2012

10-04-2012

07-04-2012

30

Operative Temperature GF-Courtyard

GF-Room

FF-Room

FF-Bedroom

CALCULATED

OUTSIDE DRY BULB TEMP (WEATHER DATA)

45 40 35 30 25 45

SIMULATION WITH COURTYARD

40 35 30 25 45

SIMULATION WITHOUT COURTYARD

40 35 30 25 00:00 01:00 02:00 03:00 04:00 05:00 06:00 07:00 08:00 09:00 10:00 11:00 12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00 16:00 17:00 18:00 19:00 20:00 21:00 22:00 23:00 This work by ‘Mihir Vakharia’ is Part Fulfillment of the requirement for Masters’ Degree in Interior Design Program at CEPT University. Intellectual property of these remains with CEPT University and any content of this should not be copied in total or in part without prior written permission.

Relative Humidity 70

GF-Courtyard

GF-Room

FF-Room

FF-Bedroom

MEASURED

RELATIVE HUMIDITY (WEATHER DATA)

60 50 40 30 20 10 0

SIMULATION WITH COURTYARD

70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0

SIMULATION WITHOUT COURTYARD

70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0

00:00 01:00 02:00 03:00 04:00 05:00 06:00 07:00 08:00 09:00 10:00 11:00 12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00 16:00 17:00 18:00 19:00 20:00 21:00 22:00 23:00 10-Apr-12

This work by ‘Mihir Vakharia’ is Part Fulfillment of the requirement for Masters’ Degree in Interior Design Program at CEPT University. Intellectual property of these remains with CEPT University and any content of this should not be copied in total or in part without prior written permission.

Case Study

Pol House -1203 Out-side dry bulb temperature Maximum Temp. Minimum Temp. Average Temp. Median Temp.

GF- Courtyard 43 23 32 32

GF- Room 34 29 32 32

33 30 32 32

FF - Room

FF- Bedroom 44 27 34 33

35 29 31 31

Ground floor room adjacent to courtyard remains in the range of 31 degree C to 34 degree C’ and shows minimum impact of outdoor temperature.  First floor room shows early heat gains through sloping roof also realise heat gain with convection through courtyard.  Comparing courtyard house with house without courtyard shows 2 to 4 C’ degree temperature. Ground floor room shows 4 ’C rise in Temperature in evening hours.  First floor room shows less impact of courtyard due to direct solar radiation on roof surface and remains high during day and afternoon hours. 

Conclusion: In case of house without a courtyard, indoor temperature rises due to early heat Gains from the roof surface and results into rise in temperature and affect the indoor air temperature. Courtyard also improves humidity levels in the indoor spaces due to this though there is rise in outdoor temperature, people in the building feel comfortable by increasing airflow.

This work by ‘Mihir Vakharia’ is Part Fulfillment of the requirement for Masters’ Degree in Interior Design Program at CEPT University. Intellectual property of these remains with CEPT University and any content of this should not be copied in total or in part without prior written permission.

Comparative Analysis Pol House -1203 Owner –Bhimji Bhai Dhabi House Age – > 70 years No. of Persons – 7

Pol House -1213 Owner –Bharat Bhai Patel House Age –100 years No. of Persons – 6

Pol House -1250 Owner –Daksha Ben Patel House Age –100 years No. of Persons – 10

This work by ‘Mihir Vakharia’ is Part Fulfillment of the requirement for Masters’ Degree in Interior Design Program at CEPT University. Intellectual property of these remains with CEPT University and any content of this should not be copied in total or in part without prior written permission.

Comparative Analysis Floor

Area

Height

Floor

Area

Height

Floor

Area

Height

Ground Floor

3.2 x 14.2 mts

2.6 mts

Ground Floor

7.2 x 14.0 mts

2.4 mts

Ground Floor

5.8 x 15.4 mts

3.0 mts

First Floor

3.2 x 14.2 mts

3.0 mts

First Floor

7.2 x 14.0 mts

3.0 mts

First Floor

5.8 x 15.4 mts

2.8 mts

Second Floor

3.2 x 12.2 mts

2.6 mts

This work by ‘Mihir Vakharia’ is Part Fulfillment of the requirement for Masters’ Degree in Interior Design Program at CEPT University. Intellectual property of these remains with CEPT University and any content of this should not be copied in total or in part without prior written permission.

Recorded Air Temperature 50

GF-Courtyard

GF-Room

FF-Room

FF-Bedroom

OUTSIDE DRY BULB TEMP (WEATHER DATA)

HOUSE -1203

45 40 35 30 25 20

HOUSE -1213

50 45 40 35 30 25 20

HOUSE -1250

02:00 05:00 08:00 11:00 14:00 17:00 20:00 23:00 02:00 05:00 08:00 11:00 14:00 17:00 20:00 23:00 02:00 05:00 08:00 11:00 14:00 17:00 20:00 23:00 02:00 05:00 08:00 11:00 14:00 17:00 20:00 23:00 02:00 05:00 08:00 11:00 14:00 17:00 20:00 23:00 02:00 05:00 08:00 11:00 14:00 17:00 20:00 23:00 02:00 05:00 08:00 11:00 14:00 17:00 20:00 23:00

50 45 40 35 30 25 20

This work by ‘Mihir Vakharia’ is Part Fulfillment of the requirement for Masters’ Degree in Interior Design Program at CEPT University. Intellectual property of these remains with CEPT University and any content of this should not be copied in total or in part without prior written permission.

Operative Temperature GF-Courtyard

GF-Room

FF-Room

FF-Bedroom

OUTSIDE DRY BULB TEMP (WEATHER DATA)

HOUSE -1203

50 45 40 35 30 25 20

HOUSE -1213

50 45 40 35 30 25 20

HOUSE -1250

02:00 05:00 08:00 11:00 14:00 17:00 20:00 23:00 02:00 05:00 08:00 11:00 14:00 17:00 20:00 23:00 02:00 05:00 08:00 11:00 14:00 17:00 20:00 23:00 02:00 05:00 08:00 11:00 14:00 17:00 20:00 23:00 02:00 05:00 08:00 11:00 14:00 17:00 20:00 23:00 02:00 05:00 08:00 11:00 14:00 17:00 20:00 23:00 02:00 05:00 08:00 11:00 14:00 17:00 20:00 23:00

50 45 40 35 30 25 20

This work by ‘Mihir Vakharia’ is Part Fulfillment of the requirement for Masters’ Degree in Interior Design Program at CEPT University. Intellectual property of these remains with CEPT University and any content of this should not be copied in total or in part without prior written permission.

Relative Humidity 90

GF-Courtyard

GF-Room

FF-Room

FF-Bedroom

RELATIVE HUMIDITY (WEATHER DATA)

HOUSE -1203

80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0

HOUSE -1213

80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10

HOUSE -1250

02:00 05:00 08:00 11:00 14:00 17:00 20:00 23:00 02:00 05:00 08:00 11:00 14:00 17:00 20:00 23:00 02:00 05:00 08:00 11:00 14:00 17:00 20:00 23:00 02:00 05:00 08:00 11:00 14:00 17:00 20:00 23:00 02:00 05:00 08:00 11:00 14:00 17:00 20:00 23:00 02:00 05:00 08:00 11:00 14:00 17:00 20:00 23:00 02:00 05:00 08:00 11:00 14:00 17:00 20:00 23:00

90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10

This work by ‘Mihir Vakharia’ is Part Fulfillment of the requirement for Masters’ Degree in Interior Design Program at CEPT University. Intellectual property of these remains with CEPT University and any content of this should not be copied in total or in part without prior written permission.

Air Temperature 45

H-1203

H-1213

H-1250

OUTSIDE DRY BULB TEMP (WEATHER DATA)

GF -COURTYARD RECORDED

40 35 30 25 45

SIMULATION WITH COURTYARD

40 35 30 25 45

SIMULATION WITHOUT COURTYARD

40 35 30 25 00:00 01:00 02:00 03:00 04:00 05:00 06:00 07:00 08:00 09:00 10:00 11:00 12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00 16:00 17:00 18:00 19:00 20:00 21:00 22:00 23:00 10-Apr-12 This work by ‘Mihir Vakharia’ is Part Fulfillment of the requirement for Masters’ Degree in Interior Design Program at CEPT University. Intellectual property of these remains with CEPT University and any content of this should not be copied in total or in part without prior written permission.

Air Temperature H-1203

H-1213

H-1250

GF -ROOM RECORDED

OUTSIDE DRY BULB TEMP (WEATHER DATA)

45 40 35 30 25

SIMULATION WITH COURTYARD

45 40 35 30 25

SIMULATION WITHOUT COURTYARD

45 40 35 30 25

00:00 01:00 02:00 03:00 04:00 05:00 06:00 07:00 08:00 09:00 10:00 11:00 12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00 16:00 17:00 18:00 19:00 20:00 21:00 22:00 23:00 10-Apr-12 This work by ‘Mihir Vakharia’ is Part Fulfillment of the requirement for Masters’ Degree in Interior Design Program at CEPT University. Intellectual property of these remains with CEPT University and any content of this should not be copied in total or in part without prior written permission.

AIR TEMPERATURE 45

H-1203

H-1213

FF -ROOM RECORDED H-1250

OUTSIDE DRY BULB TEMP (WEATHER DATA)

40 35 30 25

SIMULATION WITH COURTYARD

45 40 35 30 25 45

SIMULATION WITHOUT COURTYARD

40 35 30 25 00:00 01:00 02:00 03:00 04:00 05:00 06:00 07:00 08:00 09:00 10:00 11:00 12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00 16:00 17:00 18:00 19:00 20:00 21:00 22:00 23:00 10-Apr-12 This work by ‘Mihir Vakharia’ is Part Fulfillment of the requirement for Masters’ Degree in Interior Design Program at CEPT University. Intellectual property of these remains with CEPT University and any content of this should not be copied in total or in part without prior written permission.

Air Temperature 45

H-1203

H-1213

FF -BEDROOM RECORDED H-1250

OUTSIDE DRY BULB TEMP (WEATHER DATA)

40 35 30 25

SIMULATION WITH COURTYARD

45 40 35 30 25

SIMULATION WITHOUT COURTYARD

45 40 35 30 25

00:00 01:00 02:00 03:00 04:00 05:00 06:00 07:00 08:00 09:00 10:00 11:00 12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00 16:00 17:00 18:00 19:00 20:00 21:00 22:00 23:00 10-Apr-12 This work by ‘Mihir Vakharia’ is Part Fulfillment of the requirement for Masters’ Degree in Interior Design Program at CEPT University. Intellectual property of these remains with CEPT University and any content of this should not be copied in total or in part without prior written permission.

Relative Humidity 70

H-1203

H-1213

GF -COURTYARD RECORDED H-1250

RELATIVE HUMIDITY (WEATHER DATA)

60 50 40 30 20 10 0

SIMULATION WITH COURTYARD

70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0

SIMULATION WITHOUT COURTYARD

70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0

00:00 01:00 02:00 03:00 04:00 05:00 06:00 07:00 08:00 09:00 10:00 11:00 12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00 16:00 17:00 18:00 19:00 20:00 21:00 22:00 23:00 10-Apr-12 This work by ‘Mihir Vakharia’ is Part Fulfillment of the requirement for Masters’ Degree in Interior Design Program at CEPT University. Intellectual property of these remains with CEPT University and any content of this should not be copied in total or in part without prior written permission.

Relative Humidity 80

H-1203

H-1213

GF -ROOM RECORDED H-1250

RELATIVE HUMIDITY (WEATHER DATA)

70 60 50 40 30 20 10

SIMULATION WITH COURTYARD

80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10

SIMULATION WITHOUT COURTYARD

80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10

00:00 01:00 02:00 03:00 04:00 05:00 06:00 07:00 08:00 09:00 10:00 11:00 12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00 16:00 17:00 18:00 19:00 20:00 21:00 22:00 23:00 10-Apr-12 This work by ‘Mihir Vakharia’ is Part Fulfillment of the requirement for Masters’ Degree in Interior Design Program at CEPT University. Intellectual property of these remains with CEPT University and any content of this should not be copied in total or in part without prior written permission.

Relative Humidity 70

H-1203

H-1213

H-1250

FF -ROOM RECORDED

RELATIVE HUMIDITY (WEATHER DATA)

60 50 40 30 20 10 0

SIMULATION WITH COURTYARD

70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0

SIMULATION WITHOUT COURTYARD

70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0

00:00 01:00 02:00 03:00 04:00 05:00 06:00 07:00 08:00 09:00 10:00 11:00 12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00 16:00 17:00 18:00 19:00 20:00 21:00 22:00 23:00 10-Apr-12 This work by ‘Mihir Vakharia’ is Part Fulfillment of the requirement for Masters’ Degree in Interior Design Program at CEPT University. Intellectual property of these remains with CEPT University and any content of this should not be copied in total or in part without prior written permission.

Relative Humidity H-1203 H-1213

70

H-1250

RELATIVE HUMIDITY (WEATHER DATA)

FF -BEDROOM RECORDED

60 50 40 30 20 10

SIMULATION WITH COURTYARD

70 60 50 40 30 20 10 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0

SIMULATION WITHOUT COURTYARD

00:00 01:00 02:00 03:00 04:00 05:00 06:00 07:00 08:00 09:00 10:00 11:00 12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00 16:00 17:00 18:00 19:00 20:00 21:00 22:00 23:00 10-Apr-12 This work by ‘Mihir Vakharia’ is Part Fulfillment of the requirement for Masters’ Degree in Interior Design Program at CEPT University. Intellectual property of these remains with CEPT University and any content of this should not be copied in total or in part without prior written permission.

CFD Analysis for Pol House With Courtyard – 10th April @ 9.00 Am

HOUSE-1203

HOUSE-1213

Comparative Analysis HOUSE-1250

Section

Section

First Floor

First Floor

Section

First Floor

Ground Floor

Ground Floor

Ground Floor

This work by ‘Mihir Vakharia’ is Part Fulfillment of the requirement for Masters’ Degree in Interior Design Program at CEPT University. Intellectual property of these remains with CEPT University and any content of this should not be copied in total or in part without prior written permission.

CFD Analysis for Pol House Without Courtyard – 10th April @ 9.00 Am

HOUSE-1203

HOUSE-1213

Section

Comparative Analysis HOUSE-1250

Section

Section

First Floor

Ground Floor

First Floor

Ground Floor

First Floor

Ground Floor

This work by ‘Mihir Vakharia’ is Part Fulfillment of the requirement for Masters’ Degree in Interior Design Program at CEPT University. Intellectual property of these remains with CEPT University and any content of this should not be copied in total or in part without prior written permission.

Comparative Analysis Inferences: 

House 1203 Courtyard shows higher temperature than two houses.



In house-1203 Ground floor room adjacent to courtyard remains in the range of 30 C’ to 32 C’



In House 1213 and House1250 First floor room shows early heat gains through pitched roof also realise heat gain

through convection in evening hours. 

First floor bedroom of House-1213 shows higher temperature due to east facing wall.



First floor room in all three houses follows similar trend for relative humidity with outdoor environment.



The temperature of first floor courtyard space and indoor remains consistently higher than the ground floor

courtyard and the interior spaces throughout the day 

Due to early heat Gains in house-1250 from east facade with big opening results into rise surface temperature

through conduction it results into rise in indoor temperature and affect the indoor air temperature. 

Courtyard also improves humidity levels in the indoor spaces due to this though there is rise in outdoor

temperature people in the building, feel comfortable by increasing airflow. Thesis Presentation This work by ‘Mihir Vakharia’ is Part Fulfillment of the requirement for Masters’ Degree in Interior Design Program at CEPT University. Intellectual property of these remains with CEPT University and any content of this should not be copied in total or in part without prior written permission.

Comparative Analysis Conclusion Incidence

of solar radiation on building roof surfaces is the main source of heat responsible for raising the

temperature of exterior surface of the envelope and also for creating temperature gradient across the thickness of the envelope. As a result, heat is conducted form outdoor to indoor surfaces and causes a rise in the interior air temperature. Ground

floor courtyard is shaded throughout the day and acts as shaft for ventilation, hence improves

thermal environment of adjacent and interior space. Where the first floor interior surface temperatures shows less impact of courtyard i.e. Nearly 2 to 3 `C rise in temperature during day time. Walls

on ground floor room inside surface temperature remain same throughout the day and shows

minimum variation with outside dry bulb temperature. In

all houses presence courtyard shows direct impact on relative humidity and improves the indoor thermal

environment. Hence, the courtyards are useful for passive cooling in Pol-house, Ahmedabad hot-dry climates mainly due to changed in relative humidity.  Courtyard

also improves the indoor air quality and natural lighting.

Thesis Presentation This work by ‘Mihir Vakharia’ is Part Fulfillment of the requirement for Masters’ Degree in Interior Design Program at CEPT University. Intellectual property of these remains with CEPT University and any content of this should not be copied in total or in part without prior written permission.

References Abdelsalam Aldawoud *, Ray Clark “Comparative analysis of energy performance between courtyard and atrium in buildings” Energy and Buildings 40 (2008) 209–214Science Direct Abel TABLADA, et al, "Geometry of building’s courtyards to favour natural ventilation: comparison between wind tunnel experiment and numerical simulation" THE WORLD Sustainable Building Conference, 2005 Abel Tablada. Et al, “Thermal Comfort of Naturally Ventilated Buildings in Warm-Humid Climates: field survey” PLEA 2005 Abel Tablada, et.al “The influence of courtyard geometry on air flow and thermal comfort: CFD and thermal comfort Simulations” PLEA2005 - The 22nd Conference on Passive and Low Energy Architecture. Beirut, Lebanon, 2005 Ahmed S. Muhaisen Mohamed B Gadi, “Effect of Courtyard Proportions on Solar Heat Gain and Energy Requirement in the Temperate Climate of Rome”, School Of The Built Environment, Science Direct 2005. Ahmed S. Muhaisen Mohamed B Gadi, “Shading Performance of Polygonal Courtyard Forms”, School of the Built Environment, Science Direct 2006 AMR BAGNEID “The creation of a courtyard microclimate thermal model for the analysis of courtyard houses”, Submitted to the Office of Graduate Studies of Texas A&M University in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY August 2006 Gupta Vinod, “Natural Cooling Systems of Jaisalmer” Architectural Science Review, 1985 Leonardo Bittencourt and Luciana PEIXOTO, “THE INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT COURTYARD CONFIGURATIONS ON NATURAL VENTILATION THROUGH LOW-RISE SCHOOL BUILDINGS” Seventh International IBPSA Conference, building simulation, 2001 Mu¨ jgan S-erefhanog˘ lu So¨ zen, Gu¨ lay Zorer Gedı´k “Evaluation of traditional architecture in terms of building physics: Old Diyarbakı´r houses”, Building and Environment, Science Direct, 2006. Rajapaksha Indrika, “Passive Cooling in the Tropics: A Design Proposition for Natural Ventilation” Plea2004

Thesis Presentation This work by ‘Mihir Vakharia’ is Part Fulfillment of the requirement for Masters’ Degree in Interior Design Program at CEPT University. Intellectual property of these remains with CEPT University and any content of this should not be copied in total or in part without prior written permission.

Thank You

This work by ‘Mihir Vakharia’ is Part Fulfillment of the requirement for Masters’ Degree in Interior Design Program at CEPT University. Intellectual property of these remains with CEPT University and any content of this should not be copied in total or in part without prior written permission.