thesis (1)

Self-esteem and Classroom Performance of BSN II Students of John Paul II College of Davao

A thesis Proposal Presented to the Faculty of the College of Nursing John Paul II College of Davao Davao City

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree Bachelor of Science in Nursing

by Cherry May Exclamador September 2012

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The researchers would like to extend their profound thanks, sincere appreciation and gratitude to those in one way or other have related and contributed, immensely to make this work reality. To God for giving us the strength, wisdom and who made all things possible. To our parents and family members, for their never ending emotional, spiritual and financial support. To the Dean of Nursing, Ms. Emalyn Santiesteban, R.N, MAN for letting us conduct this study and for the richness of ideas she imparted to us. To the Clinical Instructors for nurturing and teaching us, for unselfishly sharing the knowledge as well as the encouragement and guidance to us to finish this study. To our RN friends, for assisting in the collection of the topics for the chapters.

The Researchers

DEDICATION

This research work is warmly and lovingly dedicated to their parents for their unending support and care, their classmates and friends for their support, encouragement and insights, above all, to Almighty God for giving us strength, courage and wisdom.

TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Title Page

i

Acknowledgement

ii

Dedication

iii

Table of contents

iv

List of Tables

v

List of Figure

vi

Chapter 1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING Background of the Study Statement of the Problem Hypothesis Review of Related Literature Theoretical and Conceptual Framework Significance of the Study Definition of Terms Chapter 2 METHODOLOGY Research Design Research Subjects Research Instruments Data Gathering Procedure Statistical Treatment REFERENCES

APPENDICES Letter of Permission to Conduct the Study Survey Questionnaire

LIST OF TABLES Table 1. Scale for Self-Esteem of BSN II students of John Paul II College of Davao

Page

LIST OF FIGURES Table

Page

1. Conceptual Framework of the Study

Chapter 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING

Background of the Study As the first emphasis of this study, self-esteem has shown to be a significant personality variable in determining human behavior. To understand a man psychologically, one must understand the nature and degree of one’s self-esteem, and the standards that one judges oneself. One experiences one’s desire for self-esteem as an urgent, imperative anda basic need. One feels so intensely the need of a positive view of oneself (Branden, 2006). That explains the reason that self-esteem level of university students was analyzed firstly in the present study. Self-esteem is confidence in one’s capacity to achieve values(Branden, 2008). It is subjective and enduring sense of realistic self approval. It reflects how the individual views and values the self at the most fundamental levels of psychological experiencing (Bednar & Peterson, 2005) Coopersmith (2006) defined self-esteem as “the evaluation, which the individual makes and customarily maintains with regards to him/herself.”Campbell and Lavallee (2006) define selfesteem as “a self-reflexive attitude that is the product of viewing the self as an object of evaluation”. In addition, Hales (2007) defines self-esteem as the evaluative function of the self3concept. Self-esteem, thus, is the affective or emotional experience of the evaluations one makes in the frame of one’s personal worth. On the other hand, a social psychology text defines self-esteem as an affective component of the self, that is person’s positive and negative selfevaluations about him/herself (Brehm & Kassin, 2009). Nozick (2007) defined self-esteem as an essentially comparative notion that is one evaluates him/herself how well he/she does something with respect to how others can do or by comparing his/her performance to others.

The California State Task Force on Self-Esteem (2006) defines self-esteem as “appreciating my own worth and importance and having the character to be accountable for myself and to act responsibly towards others” (p.1) Globally, self-esteem is the disposition to experience oneself as being competent to cope with the basic challenge as being worthy of happiness. It is confidence in the efficiency of the mind, to the ability of a person to think. Self esteem appears to influence people’s reaction to valued outcomes. Through self esteem people make more self swing attributes for performance outcomes and softer less emotional distress why they fall than to low self esteem people (Simon & Schuiter 2007) Philippine society is characterized by many positive traits. Self esteem or “Amor propio” is one of those characters that the Filipino possesses. The Filipino are sensitive to their own self esteem and cultivate sensitivity to the self esteem of others as well. Filipinos avoid hurting others self esteem or else one is risk to termination of the relationship. Self esteem is concern to help to maintain the harmony in society but it can also give willingness to sacrifices personal integrity to remain in the group. Filipino care too much on impression & images that they might created for others (Castro 2006) For Dabawenyos, self esteem is considered to be one of the most important pillars of healthy personality developments. It distinguishes between self evaluation that represents global characteristics of the individual and those that reflect the individual sense of adequacy across particular domains such as the entire competence and particular (tacio 2007) Along this course, the researcher conducted the study to determine the level of self esteem and classroom performance of BSN II students of John Paul II College of Davao. State of the Problem

The main purpose of the study was to determine the self esteem and classroom performance of BSN II students of John Paul II College of Davao. Specifically, it sought answers to the following questions: 1. What is the level of self esteem of BSN II students of John Paul II College of Davao? 2. What is the level of classroom performance of BSN II students of John Paul II of College of Davao? 3. Is there a significant relationship between self esteem and classroom performance of BSN II students of John Paul II College of Davao? Hypothesis There is no significant relationship between self esteem and classroom performance of BSN II students of John Paul II College of Davao. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE This section summarized the views, ideas and point of views from different authors in which their works have bearing on the study of self esteem and classroom performance of BSN II students of John Paul II College of Davao. Self esteem Understanding self-esteem is basic to understand adolescent’s behavior. It is essential to know how adolescents perceive, value and regard the self to interpret their behavior. A classic work by Coopersmith (2006) proposed that the level of self-esteem affects all aspects of a person’s life. Roy (2009) says that self-esteem profoundly affects the ability to adapt changes in one’s life. Class performance

The perception of academic success is a significant predictor of self-esteem in adolescent students (Kearney-Cooke, 2007). Gilligan (2009) and hypothesize that adolescent females’ low assessment of their own competence may lie within the social environment, which applauds achievement and success in males but may react with ambivalence or negativity to female success. Hattie (2006) obtained an average correlation of 0.34 in the relationship between self-esteem and academic results (operationalised as a person’s overall average marks). That is, the relationship between self esteem and academic results is weak. The results showed that the lower the participants’ self-esteem, the more feelings of loneliness they reported 1 year later. Theoretical Framework Horney (2008), as a psychodynamic theorist, conceptualized “self-realization” as an innate drives that stems from the child’s position of helplessness in a potentially hostile world. This innate drive results in what Horney called “basic anxiety” and “need for security” (Wells and Marwell, 2006). The quality of relationship between the parent and the child determine the existence of this extent. For child, there can be so many disturbing influences such as, parental egocentricity, indifference, lack of respect, disparagement, lack of admiration, lack of warmth, isolation, discrimination etc. (Coopersmith, 2007). According to Horney (2008), an individual wish to value to oneself and to be valued by others that led to either self-esteem or self-alienation. She differentiated between idealized, potential and actual states of self. The person’s inherent potentialities were named the “real self”, while actual qualities were termed the “actual self”. The “self ideal” guides to person’s actions. On the other hand, the “idealized self” is defined based on neurotically idealized image of one’s capacities and goals that is considered 23

as a method of dealing with anxiety. This relationship is discussed by Horney between this form of false self-esteem and neurosis Maslow is probably best known with his hierarchy of needs. These needs began with physiological needs of hunger and thirst, proceed to safety needs, then to the need for love, to the need for esteem and finally to the need for self-actualization (Maslow, 2006). According to Maslow (2006), all people have a need for desiring for a stable high evaluation of him/herself for self-respect or self-esteem and the esteem of others. He categorized these human needs into two parts. First one is to desire for strength, for success, for adequacy, for confidence in the society that one live in, independence and freedom. Second one is desire for recognition, attention, significance and appreciation. For him, the significance of these esteem were central for one’s psychological well-being. Their lack can lead to discouragement and psychopathology (Maslow, 2006). Rosenberg (2006) considered self-concept in two ways-as a motivational system and structurally and self-esteem is core to each conceptualization. Rosenberg viewed the self as being “maintained and enhanced” by the two very similar motives - self-esteem and self consistency. According to him, self-concept is the individual’s fundamental frame of reference that includes almost all actions that are predicated. The self-esteem, which is one of the most powerful motives in the human 24 development, was defined as “a positive or negative attitude toward a particular object, namely the self”. Positive self-esteem is characterized by feelings of self-respect and worthiness. Moreover, the individual recognizes his/her strengths and weaknesses. On the other hand, the person with low self-esteem feels lack of respect for him / her and seeks him/herself as unworthy and inadequate or deficient person.

Self-concept was defined as “the totality of an individual’s thoughts and feelings has reference to him/herself as an object” with respect to structural dimension (Rosenberg, 2006). Within selfconcept, Rosenberg (2006) identified three broad regions: (1) the extant self-concept (what are we like) (2) the desired self-concept (what we wish to be like), and (3) the presenting self (how we show ourselves to others) His motivational system was described in terms of three objectives. First one is means and ends, which include desiring to achieve a particular goal or attempting to win social approval. As a second objective, self consistency and self-esteem was considered. Confirmations of the self picture, testing self-hypotheses are the goals of the presenting self. Thirdly, conformity to norms that means presenting oneself in certain culturally proscribed ways can provide approval of society. Conceptual Framework Independent Variable

Self Esteem

Dependent Variable

Classroom Performance

Figure 1: Conceptual Framework of the Study Figure 1 illustrates the conceptual framework of the study. The independent variable is the self esteem of BSN II of John Paul II College of Davao while the dependent variable is the Classroom performance of BSN II. The relationship between the two is also determined.

Significance of the Study The significance of the study will benefit the following: School Administrators - The findings of the study would provide the school administrators relevant data about the level of self esteem and class performance of BSN II students of John Paul II College of Davao, which would be their basis in providing seminars and symptoms among administrators. 2nd year Students – The findings of the study would provide new learning to the students and be to assess the level of their self esteem as well as classroom performance and adopt changes if necessary to be competent in the profession that they have chosen. Clinical Instructors – The findings of the study would provide new learning to the instructors and emphasizes in their classroom instruction the importance of positive self esteem and positive classroom performance for the students. Particularly those who are planning to work in the hospitals in highly urbanized area as well as abroad. Definition of Terms The terms used in the study are defined operationally as follows: Self esteem – This refers to the extent to which BSN II students of John Paul II College of Davao view themselves as good, competent, and decent individuals. Classroom Performance – This refers to the performance of BSN II in their NCM 102 academically based on their preliminary and midterm grades 1st semester school year 20122013. BSN II Students – This refers to the 2nd year nursing students Batch 2012-2013 of John Paul II College of Davao.

Chapter 2 METHODOLOGY Presented in this chapter are the research design, research subjects, research instruments, data gathering procedure and statistics treatment of the data. Research Design Descriptive correlation design was used in the study according to Borg & Gall (2006), descriptive correlation studies are aimed at finding out the level, degree or extent of both the independent variables; observational and survey methods are frequently used to collect descriptive data and determine the relationship of a bivariate study. Research Instrument The researchers used a survey questionnaire. This was constructed based from reliable websites. The researchers also used the preliminary and midterm grades of BSN II in their NCM102 major subject to measure the classroom performance of BSN II 1st semester school year 2012-2013. These was used to acquire appropriate data and come up with the baseline data tackling the self esteem and classroom performance of BSN II students of John Paul II College of Davao.

Table 1: Scaling for Self esteem and Classroom Performance of BSN II students of John Paul II College of Davao Scale

Verbal Description

Range of Mean

Interpretation

5 4 3 2 1

Always Often Sometimes Seldom Never

4.50-5.00 3.50-4.49 2.50-3.49 1.50-2.49 1.00-1.49

Very high High Moderate Low Very low

Data Gathering Procedure The following steps were followed in conducting the study: 1. The researchers prepared a letter asking permission from the Dean of the Nursing, Emalyn Santiesteban, R.N., MAN, to conduct a survey among the BSN II students of John Paul II College of Davao. 2. Upon approval, the researcher proceeded to distribute the questionnaires among the respondents and explained to them the purpose of the study. 3. The questionnaires were then retrieved, tallied, computed interpreted and analyzed. Statistical Treatment of the Data The following statistical tools were used for the data treatment: Mean – This was used to determine the level of self esteem and classroom performance of BSN II students of John Paul II College of Davao Pearson ® - This was used to determine the significant relationship between self esteem and classroom performance of BSN II students of John Paul II College of Davao. REFERENCES www.self.compassion.org www.about.com

www.darmouth.com www.wikipedia.com www.google.com

APPENDIX A Letter of Transmittal

August 20, 2012

Emalyn D. Santiesteban, RN, MAN Dean College of Nursing John Paul II College of Davao Ecoland Drive, Matina Davao City

Madam: Greetings! We the Group 4 of Nursing Research subject would like to ask permission from your good office to conduct a study in regards to Self esteem and Classroom Performance of BSN II students in John Paul II College of Davao. This study will help to determine their class performance as early as 2nd year. We are hoping for your positive responses Thank you so much!

Respectfully yours, ____________________ Cherry May Exclamador Group leader

Noted by:

APPENDIX B SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE Dear Respondents: Greetings!

This survey questionnaire is designed to determine the self esteem and classroom performance of BSN II students of John Paul II College of Davao. Please answer the following questions by means of putting to the column using Likert’s Scale: 5- Always; 4- Often; 3- Sometimes; 2- Seldom; 1- Never Self-esteem of BSN II students of John Paul II College of Davao Questions 1. How often do you feel inferior to your classmates/friends? 2. How often do you have the feeling that there is nothing you can do well? 3. When in a group of people, do you have trouble thinking of the right things to talk about? 4. How often do you feel worried or bothered about what other people think of you? 5. Do you ever that you are worthless individual? 6. Have you ever thought of yourself as physically uncoordinated? 7. Do you ever feel uncomfortable meeting new people? 8. Compared with classmates, how often do you feel you must study more than they do to get the same grades? 9. How often do you feel shyness? 10. How often do you have trouble understanding things you read for class assignments? 11. How often do you imagine that you have less scholastic ability than your classmates? 12. In general, how confident do you feel about your abilities? 13. How often do you worry whether other people like to be with you? 14. In turning in a major assignment such as term paper, how often do you feel you did an excellent job on it? 15. When you have read an essay and understand it for class assignment, how worried or concerned do you feel about it? 16. How often do you feel self-conscious? 17. Do you ever fell afraid or anxious when you are going into the room? 18. How often do you have problems expressing your ideas? 19. Have you ever thought that you lack ability? 20. How much do you worry about whether other

5

4

3

2

1

people regard you as a success or failure at school?

CURRICULUM VITAE

Name: Cherry May Exclamador Address: Blk 22 Lot 60 Samantha Homes Bago Gallera Davao City Email add: [email protected] Personal information Age: 22 years old Civil Status: Single Date of birth: May 14, 1990 Educational Attainment College

John Paul II College of Davao

Secondary

Rizal Memorial Colleges

Elementary

Aras- asan Elementary Central School