Theoretical Framework Paradigm

 

Theoretical and Conceptual Framework

This study highlights the viability of food scraps to produce methane rich gas by undergoing anaerobic digestion. The production of biogas was carried out in a FOUR step procedure: (1) preparation of the food scraps and inoculum that were collected, (2) loading of the prepared scraps in the bio digester with the inoculum, (3) allowing the samples undergo anaerobic digestion in the reactors for two weeks, (4) determination of the presence of methane through flame test and KOH apparatus. The expected yield of this research is to produce methane from generally two inputs, community food scraps and horse manure from Baguio city. Anaerobic digestion, which occurs in an oxygen-free or low oxygen environment, is the process deemed suitable for the production. Anaerobic digestion is a  process driven by microorganisms microorganisms such as methanogens, methanogens, which produces methane as a metabolic metabolic  byproduct. Anaerobic methane recovery occurs in bio-digesters, where organic matter is digested, digested, and  produces fuel fuel called biogas. Researchers had designed black painted bio-reactors to maintain a mesophilic temperature of around 35˚C 35˚C.. Temperature is one of the most most important factor considered in an anaerobic process. IItt greatly influences performance of anaerobic digestion with respect to conversion, kinetics, stability, effluent quality and consequently the methane yield ( Sung and Santha, 2003). Degradation of substrate started almost immediately and proceeded smoothly in the reactors maintained at 35, 45 and 55˚C 55 ˚C.. It is apparent that the start-up time and time of anaerobic digestion at higher temperatures was shorter than at other temperatures. Generally, the higher temperature, the quicker biogas production rate was. Conditions under mesophilic temperatures (30-37 ˚C) ˚C) had shown direct relationship between the temperature and  biochemical  biochemic al velocity. Therefore, Therefore, the optimum optimum temperature temperature adapting to methanogenic methanogenic bacteria bacteria was around 35 ˚C, ˚C, while biogas production and biochemical velocity taking on direct correlativity (Zhang 2006).

 

In addition to Zhang’s study, the study,  the researchers sought to maintain the temperature at 35 ˚Csince ˚Csince   anaerobic digestion was sensitive to temperature, which gave rise to the instability of digestion system and broke the balance of concerted action of several groups of microorganism, and even resulted in stopping the anaerobic gradation resulted in decreasing biogas production. Input of horse manure as an inoculum targets to decrease the hydraulic residence time, which normally varies between 20 and 50 days, depending on the substrate and manure used. In the study of Silva and Abud, comparison between various animal waste as inoculum was assessed. Swine manure, cattle manure, goat and sheep manure reduced the hydraulic residence time to 15-36 days, 20-40 days and 45 days, respectively. In all these studies, based on animal waste as inoculum, prevails the characteristics of the effluent, which is what will be decomposed and will result in biogas.

Researchers established 5% and 10% of inoculum for the two bio-digesters. Only small amount of inoculum was utilized since there is no increase in efficiency of the process in using a larger volume of manure, although the use of inoculum anticipates the biogas production peak and increases the effective  biomass potential potential (Silva and Abud, 2016).

Research Paradigm

 

 

INPUT • 

Raw Materials: Food Scraps, Water

• 

Inoculum: Horse manure

• 

- Apparatus: Digital Balance, DIY Biodigester,, KOH apparatus Biodigester

PROCESS Designing of Bio-digester Preparation of food scraps Collection of food scraps   Separation of coarse food scraps   Weighing   Collection of horse manure Input of raw materials and solvent to Biodigester Anaerobic Digestion Quantitative analysis of Methane produced Qualitative analysis of Methane produced Testing of biogas Viability to adjunct to cooking gas  

OUTPUT Biogas produced from food scraps as an adjunct to cooking gas 

Figure 1.1 Paradigm of the Study “Viability of Food scraps as adjunct to cooking gas”  

 

INDEPENDENT

DEPENDENT

VARIABLES

VARIABLES

-RATIO OF WATER TO FOOD FOO D SCRAP SCRAP

- AMOUNT AMOUNT OF FOOD FOOD SCRAPS FED

-CON -CONCE CENT NTRA RATI TION ON OF INOCULUM

- METHANE METHANE GAS PRODUCTION

- RESIDENCE TIME OF THE SAMPLES IN THE REACTORS

- TEMPERA TEMPERATURE TURE

OUTCOMES

- ESTABLISHMENT ESTABLISHMENT OF THE BEST COMBINATION OF THE AMOUNT OF INOCULUM, RESIDENCE TIME AND WATER TO FOOD SCRAP RATIO -ENHANCEMENT OF METHANE RICH GAS PRODUCTION

  Figure 1.2 The figure shows the list that were included in the independent variables, dependent variables, and outcome.