The Temple of Bigeh

CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

Cornell University Library

DT 129.B62 Temple of Bigeh

3 1924 028 626 970

......^

sa

The

Cornell University Library

original of this

book

is in

the Cornell University Library.

There are no known copyright

restrictions in

the United States on the use of the

text.

http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924028626970

PROF- ET MMEt

[DB.

LES

TEMPLES IMMERGES DE LA NUBIE

P.

BAiee

SERVICE DES ANTIQUITES DE L'EGYPTE

LES

TEMPLES IMMERGES DE LA NURIE —04'S—

THE TEMPLE OF BIGEH PAR AYLWARD

M.

BLACKMAN

.

A-

LE CAIRE IMPRIMERIE DE L'INSTITUT FRANCAIS D'ARCHEOLOGIE ORIENTALE 1915

THE TEMPLE OF BIGEH BY

AYLWARD

M.

BLACKMAN

M. A.

Laycock Student of Egyptology at Worcester College, Oxford,

Late Oxford University Nubian Research Scholar,

Formerly Scholar of Queen's College.

PREFACE.

The

following record of the Temple of Bigeh was

early May,

1910. Owing

difficult,

and although I managed

steamers

at Shellal the results

this difficulty

through whose friendly

to

development of negatives proved very

were not altogether

however by

offices I

Akademie der Wtssenschaften

much

I

have

to

help while

the proofs,

my

satisfactory. I

to

pubhsh in

Temple belonging

to the

at Berlin. I trust that in spite of

my warmest thanks for

this

volume

KonigUchen

the

war both

their genero-

thank Dr. Junker for other favours. He not only gave I

making

was preparing

my

several important suggestions

p. h'l), to Professor

Hunt

for editing the

to Miss Porter for again furnishing

me

manuscript, but also read through

and

corrections.

thanks are also due to Mr. Griffith for editing the Demotic

and

have been

friend Dr. Junker of Vienna

obtained permission

Dr. Junker and the Akademie m\\ accept

But

Sudan Government's

obtain ice from the

the magnificent photographs of Bigeh

sity.

and

in April

to the intense heat of the pile of granite boulders

that forms the Island of Bigeh, the

helped out of

made

little

me

My

best

graffiti (see

Greek inscription on p. ^9,

with

full

bibfiographical parti-

culars.

Aylward M. Blackman. Worcester College, Oxford, November 191/1.

THE TEMPLE OF BIGEH. PART

I.

INTRODUCTION AND TEXT. The

island of Bigeh which

with the exception of the

between Philae and El-Heseh

named,

last

El-Heseh Bigeh

Cataract. Like hills'''

lies

the southernmost

consists of a

number

of. the

(PI. II, i), is,

islands in the First

of small rugged granite

intersected by winding valleys. At the water's edge, wherever there

sufficient deposit of

Nile-mud, the

thrifty inhabitants raise their scanty

vegetables and dura'^', while they build their houses (PI.

any available ledge on the island,

is

the

modern

and

2

II,

is

a

crop of

/i)

upon

one of the valleys, in the centre of the

hill-sides. In

cemetery'^' with the

tomb

of the local sheykh in

its

midst

(PI. II, 3).

The temple

is

situated

on the

east shore opposite Philae,

Aswan dam, stood some way back from

of the water-level by the

was a stone quay or landing-stage

away from close

up

hills,

upon

it.

now

This has

to the

pylon

and,

in front of the pylon, but

till

the raising

the river. There

some

little

distance

disappeared beneath the water which comes quite

itself'*'.

Immediately behind the temple

the boulders composing which

numbers

rise the granite

oi graffili are to be found.

In former years the temple was surrounded with houses'^' (PI.

have recently been demolished and the precincts cleared of

all

Ill,

1).

These

encumbrances.

Like the temples of Kalabsheh, Dendur, Ajuala and Haifa, that of Bigeh also appears

to

have been erected on a terrace or platform, composed no doubt of

the underlying ruins of earlier edifices. '^'

Weigall, Report on

Survey of Nubia, Vol. '^'

the Antiquities

I, Pis.

The

of Lower Nubia, PI. XII,

19, a, b, and 31, b;

Even these poor attempts

at

original substructure, however, has

cf.

Id., Pis.

husbandry have now had

to

1

and i; Reisner, Archaeological

10 and 16, a (views of El-Heseh).

be abandoned owing

to the increased

height of the water-level. '^'

For an account of the ancient cemeteries see Reisner,

(*'

Weigall,

op. cit.. Pi. XII, 4.

almost completely submerged l5)

Weigall,

op. cit.,

The Temple of Bigeh.

PL

My

when

op. cit., p.

description was written in 1910.

the reservoir

102-1

1

1.

The temple

is

now (iQiS)

is full.

XII, 9, h. i

,

THE TEMPLE OF BIGEH.

2

been so enveloped in modern cement that exact nature (PI.

a).

Ill,

impossible to determine

now

it is

Most of the temple has been destroyed,

all

that

its

now

remains being the gate-way of the pylon ''' and the greater part of the facade of the outer hall. This facade consists of four columns'^', adorned with the elaborate floral capitals usual in the

Ptolemaic and early

Roman

periods, combined with a

screen or curtain-wall of about half the height of the columns

What remains

of the outer hall

is

the

work

of

'^\

Ptolemy XIII, but the

reliefs

on the pylon gate-way were executed in the reign of Augustus, whose cartouches appear above the head of the dedicatory inscriptions

(e.

officiating

king in

the scenes, and also in the

all

g. p. /i;/) in this part of temple.

inscriptions on the exterior walls of the pylon gate-way are

The scenes and

executed in sunk relief [en creux^, as are also those on the east (exterior) face

and on the

of the screen, on the columns,

east

jambs and

interior walls of the

door-way, of the outer hall.

The scenes and

on the interior walls of the pylon gate-way, on

inscriptions

the west face of the screen, and on the west

jambs of the door, of the outer

hall

are in low relief.

Bibliography of the published plans and general views of the temple of Bigeh.

Plan of Champollion, Notices

descriplives , I,

the

Facade.

169.

General view of the Temple (looking North). Fbith, Egypt and Palestine Photographed and Described, vol.

I, PI.

Sa; Frith, Upper Egypt

and Ethiopia, PI. i5.

The Island and Temple of Bigeh from Philee. Weigail, Report on

the Antiquities

of Lower Nubia, PI. XII, i.

The Facade (looking north-west). BoNOMi and Sharpe, E^pt, Nubia, and Ethiopia, Mariette, Voyage dans

la

LXI (photograph, dated 1869 -i860);

Haute-Egypte , PI. 80.

t^'

The lowers have disappeared except

— *_

In front of the king

c.

lines

:

—-

1

-^

1

,

son of Osiris

i

[given

^B

—

^^ ^Lj'"^!®^

life].

—

Re

in heaven.

/.

In two horizontal lines separating the scene from the dado

J\

]|T7?i

^iS^*'

'

« I

55

I~

v^' I

(KH^

\

give thee the duration

In front of Horus

w

57

[^°^^] o^ Abaton.

e.

:

Offering

m

|

1

1

ff

i

.

(^M^-^:^i;—

r^i^m

1

^^

1

:

--

ifli 14SJ.

1

Live the good god, running(?)[. .?.

.]

great god, lord of Abaton

his father Osiris-Onnophris true -of- voice, j

king of Upper and Lower Egypt, lord of the

Two Lands

Autokrator, son of Re,

lord of diadems Kaisaros-living-for-ever Beloved-of-Isish?

Archaeological details

:

The king. Head-dress

He

no.

1.

holds a i-vase for libation in his right and a

hand. In the latter the right •-ball of incense

is

f -censer

replaced by

^

in his left

(see

o

fig. 1).

Horus. Head-dress no. 5.

THE DADO

(Pis.

V and

Hapy and Sekhet Text. a.

VI,

—

^

Fig.

1).

carrying the usual trays of offerings.

Above and behind Hapy in three

vertical lines

Mti— o:iJic

Ck

^

^;s/^A'^^^

1 1

sic

^~.-*

© cfThe king of

Upper and Lower Egypt Autokrator has come before thee, lord of Abaton, that be

may bring

sources at his season; that be

(1'

*-^*\BS

:

nsi

Bigeh.

..

to

Osiris, great god,

thee the Nile of Upper Egypt from the two

may pour

forth the As- vases for thy ka in

V

Clearly » in botli photographs (Pis.

being a mistake of the engraver for

?

V and

VI, 1); but perhaps

Tt

1

Tt

hpty

is

intended, »

—

»

INTERIOR OF THE PYLON GATE-WAY Above and behind Sekhet

h.

:

SOUTH WALL.

in three vertical lines

>-

:

m '^^^

*=»-=^h^

has become before thee, o to thee the estate to

thee

all its

which

«The king

__

is

given

Isis

of

X

5

I

7\5

^CgM

e

Upper and Lower Egypt Kaisaros

may bring he may offer

mistress of Abaton, that he

life,

great and rich in

all

good things, that

produce.

Archaeological details

:

Hapy. Head-dress no. ih.

For the girdle see Dendur,

He

carries the usual tray

PI.

CXVUI,

upon which

two bunches of lotus-flowers. From

his

2.

is

between two

a 1- sceptre

?- vases

and

hands hang water-plants.

Sekhet. Head-dress no. i5 but with III replacing the three 4-trees. Her tray

loaded with cakes of bread upon which three birds are placed.

is

From her

hands also dangle water-plants.

The Interior of the Gate-Way. (Pis.

VH-IX.)

The South Wall.

THE FRIEZE. The

frieze consists of the

two cartouches

:

1 1 iC •

alternating with three i-ornaments.

^

i: At the west end of the

frieze is a

winged serpent

wears the ^-crown, and has i crossing

its

wings (see

There was doubtless another similar serpent

crowned with SCENE

I

m

and facing

—-

-<

upon a ran-sign;

it

PI. VII).

at the east

end of the

frieze

—

».

(PI. VII).

The king

—

> offers incense

and a

libation to Osiris-Onnophris

accompanied

THE TEMPLE OF BIGEH.

8

by

and Harpokrates. Osiris-Onnophris and

Isis

stands Harpokrates with the

Text.

Above the king

a.

:

of

j

Egypt, lord of the

Upper and Lower

—

.

Behind them

upon

laid

J?^

QIliiME)!

Two Lands

Autokrator,

son of Re, lord of diadems Kaisaros-living-for-ever Beloved-of-Ptah.

—

I

In front of the king

b.

and

:

august father that he

a libation (to) his

Above Osiris-Onnophris in three

c.

— L^/'u

^''^ ^

^^

.

,

his lips,

hand.

^ (gS^l]

^^ j

«The king

hand

finger of his right

first

in his left

and holding a 1|5^- plover

are seated

Isis

lines

T^ Lt

may be

given

55

^'Offermg incense

life. 5^

:

^-* |

^lI'I^P"^^^*®

rf

"^(

j^jj

^IJfi J

|(^

|

Utterance by Osiris-Onnophris

of Philae. true -of- voice, great god, lord of Abaton, august divine power, lord

d.

Above

in two lines

Isis

:

-^ [^ ^ ^ A "f "^^ "-"^ ^©-.J J ""^''*^ I

]

_ak&

J-©

r

Utterance by

mistress of Philae. e.

given

Isis

life,

mistress of Abaton, beautiful lady,

?)

Above Harpokrates in one

vertical

and one horizontal

line

:

->-— |

^

*

* J

J

* I

"'"''"*^

i*"l

of Osiris, lord of Abaton.

Archaeological details

^'Utterance by Harpokrates, son of Isis, son

is

broken away as

hand,

left

is

also half his body.

Bendur, PI. GXV,

cf.

the king holds a I- vase

one (^^-shaped and two ©-shaped cakes Osiris.

h.

(cf.

Upon

the offering-stand

DendHir, PI. G-XI, 3).

Head-dress no. 6 without the disk above the horn.

For the dress p.

For the

from the spout of which the libation

flows in three streams on to a T-shaped offering-stand. is

Ji^

:

censer which he holds in his

hand

n*

j^

5>

The king. His head-dress

In his right

v

cf.

Dendur, PI. GXVIII, 6,

PI. XI,

and see

also the

remarks on

6 of that work.

He

holds the usual

Isis.

j

and i\

.

Head-dress no. 18.

Harpokrates. Head-dress no. 3 with ^-lock of hair. The plaits of the lock are clearly indicated.

Round

his

neck hangs the milk-amulet

For the cloak,

cf.

BendHir, PI.

CXVIH,

(cf.

7.

Dendur, Pis.

LV and GXIV,

3).

—

»

»

WEST FACE OF THE PYLON GATE-WAY SCENE

II

The is

ARCHITRAVE.

:

9

(PI. VIII).

figures have been entirely cut

away except

king

who

protection,

life,

for a portion of the

—

standing » Text.

>-.

Behind the king

a.

and happiness behind him

%^

>-^

like

Re

-.

M

© ««

m

J

If

TTTr. A

III

.s=

-^^3

1

J=^

— "^E"*^

'^^^^

for ever!

In a vertical line behind the kine

h.

J"^

:

—

-^=*

>

:

ft^^

\\

\

«I

.

\m^

1

come

f

jft

_ A«««v^mi

^

L©J •

from the cavern

forth

always at the time of evening, guarding the places of Bigeh against the 1

enter Abaton and rest until the earth lightens.

people

cause joy to be

I

1

foes.

among

all

-n

THE DADO

(PI. IX).

The dado consisted any thing

of vertical lines of text that are too fragmentary to

make

of.

The West Face

of the

Gate-Way.

x-xvm.)

(Pis.

The Architrave.

SCENE i(^)(Pls. XI and XII).

The king

—

»

away above the Text. A"?- «

SCENE

a.

(Pis.

The king The

to a

god who

is

seated

—

*

«.

The

figures are

broken

waists.

In front of the kinff

[Offering]

II

y

^ offers

Mat {M^'-t)

:

—

to his

»-

[s^—i]

—

„»„^\^-^x,

august father that he

c=si3

may be

^

='.

given

life.

XI and XII).

offers

wine

figures are broken

'''

Restore

(^'

Above the north jamb.

parallel lo

The Temple of Bigeh.

to a

god and a goddess, both

away above the

^

of

whom

are seated

waist.

^.

a

*

—.

—

^

THE TEMPLE OF BIGEH.

10

Text. life,

:

.

and happiness] behind him In front of the king

b.

«

Behind the king

a.

[Offering] wine to

iyi^>| I ^2*^ Re

sandals like

like

Re

for ever!

-^ [fc__i]| ^/*«-a'^*

:

divinities in a vertical line

«

Ml

[protection,

-n

—

:

<

4r_-^s>^

css=i

his august father that he may be given

Behind the two

c.

"^t^'^TE!^

j^^

life.w

—-

em

^^^ foreign countries are united beneath the

'^

(stc)

for ever, w

Archaeological details

:

In front of the two deities

is

a T-shaped offering-stand

upon which are a

-f-

vase and a lotus-flower.

SCENE

III

(Pis.

The king

->

XI and XV).

—«

are seated -

>.

offers incense

The

and a

libation to Osiris

figures of the king

and

and

divinities are

Isis,

both of

damaged

whom

as in the

two previous scenes. Text. A

given b.

like

>¥•

In front of the king

a. «

—

-« :

-"^^^

^ ,*,

IT

,

^'"^^

,

—

*

""T^

=g=' w" -

Offering incense and a libation to his august father that he

may be

life, n

In a vertical line behind the divinities

f f i ^A Re for ever,

^^^

^^

:

—

»

m iXA ^^^

>-

iV^

foreign lands are united beneath the {sic^ sandals

v

Archaeological details

:

In front of^the two divinities there are the same offering- stand, vase, and lotus-flower, as in scene Osiris.

For the dress

II. cf.

that of Osiris in scene

I,

interior of pylon gate-way,

south wall, p. 8.

SCENE IV O

(Pis.

The king

XI and XV).

—- (broken away)

-<

offers

y

to a

'"

Above Ihe south jamb.



^ (Mii.Kaiii ;.....ew=:4i^Pdih

m'>

PA,

mistress of Abaton, lady, mistress of

princess in the four quarters (of the world), possessor of

according to whose

\x%s/»''

n

:

Philae, the august, the Heroine, lady in

given

who came

5?

In front of Harpokrates

d.

j^ ^^

1

^

o

[Autok]rat[or], son of Re, lord of diadems Kaisaros-living-for-ever

«

Beloved-of-Isis

W (2)

Only two horizontal

K

Abaton, august divine power within Nubia lines of text

z=s',n'. (fDas ^',w der Br-t

ist

remain

,

[T',-sIi).t^

the preceding vertical lines being broken away.

nach ihrem Befehlii (Junker).

»

.

WEST FACE OF THE PYLON GATE-WAY Archaeological details

THICKNESS OF NORTH JAMB.

:

15

:

Head-dress no. 18.

Isis.

Harpokrates. Head-dress no. 3 with side lock.

THE DADO

(PI. XIV).

The decoration

of the

dado

consists of the usual lotus-flowers

and buds growing

out of an elongated =:^.

The Thickness of

SCENE

I

away

—« stands before Re-Harakhte.

to

->

make room

was converted Text. b.

Norlh Jamb.

(PI. XVIII, 1).

The king cut

the

a.

Above

for the arch

The lower

parts of the figures are

which was inserted here when the temple

into a church (see p. 36, footnote 1).

Behind the king the

king

:

-^ ]

:

Y

«

Protection.

53

^(^^^ Two

Upper and Lower Egypt, lord

^..(SW^J]

|

«K.ing of

Lands Autokrator, son of Re, lord of

of the

diadems Kaisaros. c.

«

Above Re-Harakhte in two

lines

:

—

> j

1^ ^^ \k

T|

|

Utterance by Re-Harakhte, great god, in the midst of Abaton.

Archaeological details

^i-^

/M ^^

v

:

The king. Head-dress

no. i3.

Re-Harakhte. Head-dress no. 22. SCENES

III

II,

and IV.

Destroyed by the insertion of the arch.

THE DADO

(PI.

X,

1).

A portion of the dado

Hapy and Sekhet carrying Text. b.

«

a.

Behind Hapy

Behind Sekhet he(?)

:

preserved and contains parts of the usual figures of

is

their trays of offerings

:

^-

^-

m.T. '§-

—

-«

«

T *—'^= T '^^P

— XX^

"

"^'''-

^'ii'=^^^

the two granaries of thy majesty with

all fruits

»

—

.

THE TEMPLE OF BtOEH.

16

South Jamb.

SCENE

I

XI and XV).

(Pis.

The king

—

-

holding

>-

I

in his right

[Hr Bhdty) accompanied by Hathor, both Text.

Nw

of

hand stands before Horus of Edfu

whom

In a vertical line behind the king

a.

+

K

A««»A>^iJrl A

I

-

:

^

/

X^^"^

I

are standing

^—

y ^ J (J![j •=j-' ^j-'

>

Mv«»\*'-

•

.CI

X,

*^^

•

•

«Live the good god! Receiving the harpoon, slaying the crocodiles and the beasts

which are in the water; putting

Behind the king

b.

:

his knife in the foes of his father; piercing (?)... "

—^ V T

A

IT

happiness behind him like Re for ever!

—

"^^^ protection,

*^

i

ItrTl

life,

and

5?

^ ^ (K^r^j ^(WPT^^

-^

Above the king

c.

:

j

]

wKing of Upper and Lower Egypt, lord

of the

Two Lands

Autokrator, son o'

Re, lord of diadems Kaisaros-living-for-ever Beloved-of-Isis. d.

In front of the king in three vertical lines

J\

rtThis

harpoon which

(hippopotamus),

and thy father

it is

'''

«

*

A

bring before thee

-"s

is

:

—

^

1 / •

thy

j

Thou

Thy mother vertical

Isis is in

slays the captured

Thou

fire

gladness of heart, lines

-^

I

upon the

and one horizontal

'T' nfcl

w ^ w

-^^ti

weapon which

puttest his limbs

75

^~' '°T~' 1 4-

thy blade which pierces the crocodile.

Above Horus in two

LdU fT\^ '"

I

rejoices.

districts in the land.

e.

U(

r

>

:

slayest

him

throughout the

v

—

<

j

1^

\k'

^S

Utterance by Horus of Edfu {Hr Bhdty), great god, lord of heaven.

+'+'^";

"^f-

t

J Jt' ''ii-(BRUGscH, Worterb., 177)

For wnp see Brugsch, Worterb., aBg.

WEST FACE OF THE PYLON GATE-WAY

SOUTH JAMB.

:

17

lord of Edfu {Msny-l), Horus over the Ombite'^*, son of Osiris, the excellent heir

who

issued from

Isis,

avenger of his father in Ahaton.

In front of Horus in a vertical line

f.

iS^j

«I give thee strength like

great chief of thy people.

Above Hathor

g.

'^^

<

:

—

aIj

mine own

-n

•

^^^

self,

T

"m

thy majesty being the

5?

and two horizontal

in one vertical

lines

:

*

—

m

^""^

A

m

I

T''^'^

I

the great, lady of Dendereh, eye of Re,

1

J

! WJiml m.^f§A 1S'^Wi mm.m.\

i

I

Isis [in

\).

In front of

things c.

ff

Isis

:

<

—-

/

J'^

and one

.

.

'^

eiii¥-».

mistress of southern countries.

I

'mm. «I give thee all good

55

Above Harendotes in two

avenger of his father

vertical,

all

Isis,

and one horizontal,

lines

:

<

—•

j

i^

great god, lord of Abaton, excellent

Osiris. »

In front of Harendotes

«I give satiety to e.

.

«^^'^*p'

i

'^^

\

the midst of] Abaton,

Utterance by Harendotes, son of

A.

accompanied by Haren-

inscription above Isis only two lines, one vertical

horizontal, are preserved ^ «

to Isis

:

<

—- A

'

If 'f

people in thy time.

'

J\ ^*'*^

"'^^^ '^

jK.

"^

**^

^^

55

In two horizontal lines separating scene IV from the dado

-> :

—

....

J

'^'

A name

variant of

U

for

Arensnuphis (see Junker, Auszug der Hathor -Tefnut aus Nubicn,

(Junker).

p. 3 9).

-^

is

a

—

THE TEMPLE OF BIGEH.

20

I'l^'^^lH

Autokrator, son of Re, lord of diadems Kaisaros-

''

divine living-for^ever^ [beloved of Osiris j, the great god, lord of Abaton, august

power, within Bigeh (6^nm). Archaeological details

55

:

Head-dress no. 18.

Isis.

Harendotes. Head-dress no.

THE DADO

5.

(PI. XVII).

consists of the usual lotus-flowers

The decoration an elongated

(Pis.

The king Text.

«King

xvm, »

—

^

the

South Jamb.

IX and XVIII,

9.)

9).

worships Ptah

Above the king

a.

of

=^. The Thickness of

SCENE i(Pi.

and buds growing out

—« inside a ^-shaped shrine. |!g (Ki:r^] S^..(KTi!S£

who

^

:

stands

<

]

0' Upper and Lower Egypt, lord of the Two Lands Autokrator, son

of

Re, lord of diadems Kaisaros.:? b.

Above Ptah in a horizontal

the gods.

line

:

^-^

' f

"I'J*;

i

t

"P''*^' fattier of i

V

Archaeological details

:

The king. Head-dress

no. i3.

For the combination of

kilt

and broad

belt see Bend'&r, PI. GXVIII, 11,

and

Petrie, Decorative Art, p. 5 9.

Head-dress no. 19.

Ptah.

Ptah

is

If as usual. His sceptre

is

the regular combination of

of the shrine in front, above the cornice,

SCENES

II,

III,

and

is

lYf

•

The top

decorated with a uraeus.

IV.

Destroyed by the insertion of the arch.

THE DADO

(PI. IX).

Remains offerings.

of figures of

Hapy and Sekhet

-

>

carrying their usual trays of

—

—

SOUTH PYLON-TOWER Text,

In a vertical line behind

a.

_

U„^.^^" .

he

.

r

-

:

—

21

^'^' -^-' "=--^

«»

>-

Jw

^ T5 r—

furnishes] thine offering-table with all foodw.

In a vertical line behind Sekhet

h.

WEST WALL.

:

Hapv f"

\

:

—

»

"^^

em

^

—«—

THE NORTH PYLON-TOWER. West Wall. (PL XIV.)

now remains

All that

adjoining the gate-way. figure of a goddess (?)

of the north pylon-tower

On

who

it is

is

a small portion of a scene showing part of the

standing

—

-<

-.

Text. a. Behind the goddess in a vertical line

7*

T

f

.

Only a small portion of the frame

of this scene

is

left.

What remains

exactly like the corresponding part of the frame enclosing scenes

II

and

III

is

(see

p. 96).

COLUMN

1

(Pis.

Published

:

XXI, XXIV, and XXV).

See Champollion, Notices

descriptives,

I,

i6o, for a general description and for

the cartouches in a, and the text of b; see also L., D., Text IV, 17/1, for

Halhor

at

The

end

of b,

capital

and Denon, Voyage, 116,

2

,

for a

ing parts in columns 2 and 3 (see pp. 26-27 for a five rings,

titles

of

(upper band).

and top of the column were doubtless

below the now destroyed

name and

exactly like the correspond-

full description).

Immediately

which represent the cords that bind together

the bundle of stalks forming the shaft, are two encircling bands of inscription. a.

The upper band

consists of repetitions of the two cartouches of Ptolemy XIII,

alternating with one another, and spaced with Hathor-heads.

and heads

rest

upon rsn-signs. On

The cartouches

either side of each cartouch

is

a

uraeus

from which hangs the Q-symbol.

The cartouches are

—- Q'^^M

-< :

^P"?*

^i» ^

«Ptolemaios-living-for-

ever Beloved-of-lsis.»

([^1I*=^J'l:2::^y]|"'

rrHeir-of-the-god-who-saves Ghosen-of-

Ptah Doing-the-truth-of-Re (Living-form-of-) Amon.55 b.

The lower band

is

as follows

:^— T'^'^J^'^'

—'^M'—

-,^ji; (v;i;..^:i--yf^ T'V^1i.:::nni

'Live

the good god! Supporting heaven (gh-t), bearing up the firmament, for the

'"

See Bodge, Book of

(21

Written

^J

.

the

Kings, H, p. ii8.

»

THE TEMPLE OF BIGEH.

24

king of Upper and Lower Egypt, the king of Upper and Lower Egypt, The-

Heir-of-the-god-who-saves Chosen- of- Ptah Doing-the-truth-of-Re (Living-

Form -of-) Amon

who

Living- for- ever,

beloved of Horus of Edfu, the great

is

god, the lord of heaven.

— n— M I "^'H (IHMinHIIS ^ ^making mother

">e good god!

V

music for

Beautiful of hands with the sistrum,

his

according

to

her desire, king of Upper and Lower Egypt, Ptoleraaios-living-for-ever Belovedof-Isis,

beloved of Hathor the great, mistress of Bigeh [Snm).-n

Immediately below in

b

two vertical lines

XXI)

(PI.

—-

-^ :

J

0*

ir-D

Ai_„_

f

ccUtterance

iiiU

1 1

""^

J

11

She arrives

Osiris.

in joy

his limbs with cool

II

'^^

Ml

11^-^

I

^^ cm TT _^i1mii

-•'^

—

-III

(lit.

She gives beauty :

to

her house upon

its

four

washing) of heart, she increases their her brother Osiris, refreshing

water upon every tenth day that he

may become (?)

-ii

(PI. XXII).

Published

See Champollion, Notices descnpiives,

:

L., D., Text IV,

The king

<

i']li

—-

Khnum-Re who Text.

%

if

l/A^

people, she diminishes the foes, she gives

SCENE

%

JO

Ipet ijf-i) appears in the forecourt of her palace in drunkenness,

:

mistress of beauties (?) sides.

j

mV

™*)«

Ym

I

pillar is the following inscription

on the east side of the

a.

(a

title

of

Rhnum-Re

offers four

is

—

standing »

Perhaps we should read

(2)

s^sic"^!

(^'

'

C"'

See Griffith, Hieroglyphs, pp. hi and 49.

for

"^^|P Jc)

^^,',

Khnum-Re

only), and

(^sV-^vases^*^ to

^.

(1)

is

of

^-shaped ring-stands representing

In a vertical line behind the king

v* ='n^

i6o (head

I,

in text e).

:

—« Til

<

(Junker).

(see Brugsch, Worterb.,

tfdiminishn (Junker).

SuppL, i346).

^j|^

—

THE OUTER HALL T^ li i Born of Satis, nursed by .r

Above the king

h.

:

:

•

...

"^^

1

[••-•] j

(

of

E^pi^y

{

1 ;.-.>='!

;

55

^ U]

C:"

I

25

the erood god

« Liive

lord of the knife (?).

^, (^^

^*ifi^MP'^!^J%^^ wKing

I

!

EAST FACE OF SCREEN AND COLUMNS.

_

^

—

t^.

|

Upper and Lower Egypt, lord of (the Two

Lands) Heir-of-the-god-who-saves Chosen-of-Ptah Doing-the-truth-of-Re (Living-

Amon, son

Form-of-) of-Isis.

5'

In two horizontal lines under the king's right hand

c.

«

''^

f""^ lT| ^Purifying with four

j

(^sr-if-

In three vertical lines in front of Ptolemv^'^'

t?.

•

of Re, lord of (diadems) Ptolemaios-living-for-ever Beloved-

#^yMVMV

#

rjl

^=mj'

'

A

/MMMV

y^

~**~^ j

|

vases of water. Formula.

:

—

-

^<

•

2

—-

"<

:

II

1

A

H

jj-

1-^=^-0 |i"'--=J**7^^^« The

rests in

hklw^

Dendereh, the second comes from the

the third

is

Ubastet, the fourth

Above Khnum-Re in three

e.

fJ

I

jt

In front of

f.

^^

f31

four%.^goddesses

Chamber

The

of

first

Magics

:

—

»

>-

g.

wKing

^ll

of

in a vertical line

:

•»

>

== J x

f\

—lis

in a vertical line

:

Upper and Lower Egypt

perhaps a mistake of the engraver

(2)

Cf.

scenein,

(3)

^V

^— = '6

—

^

ftSf [

[?]

:

.

for

®

'°

The Temple of Bigeh.

was widerwartig

istu

«=*\^

.

?

.

55

.

who

purifies the sacred

of Rigeh ((Snm).w

?

rf(p. 98).

walles

east,

•

•

hawks(?) (drtyw) and their[.?.] [krr), Khnum-Re, lord

I"

?5

^f,^^ '^^ Ifk

|

1

j

purify thy body from every evil thing.

Behind Khnum-Re

[hi

^Utterance by Khnum-Re, lord of

Joo^

.

ffl

of

n

Khnum-Re

-^^kAA^^^

J\^

•

Bigeh (^Snm), august power, within the Foremost of the Nomes, god of the shining in the day-time,

'

1

They purify thy head every day.

Uto.

vertical lines

X!!^-*r^«.!^iJL«

I

is

rf

1

*

are brought before thee while thou purifyest thy form therewith.

them

-'^^

11

»

(Brugsch, Worterb., p. 169). i

THE TEMPLE OF BIGEH.

26

Archaeological details

:

The king. Head-dress

no. a.

Khnum-Re. Head-dress

no. a 4.

The frame which encloses and

at top

sides.

this

Above the torus

XXII, XXIII and XXIX), and this (see Pis. XIX,

i

scene and scene at the top is a

is

of a roll, or torus,

III consists

winged disk (see

XIX,

Pis.

surmounted by a cornice adorned with uraei

and XXIX). Outside the torus on

either side

a single papyrus-

is

reed upon the head of which rests a cobra that has entwined the stalk in

long

^-crown and

Doubtless the serpent on the north side wore the

coils.

one on the south side the

i,

^- crown

ho and

pp. 3 7 and

(cf.

Dendiir, Pis.

its

the

XXXII,

XXXIV, and LXXXVIII). COLUMN

2 (Pis.

Published

:

XIX,

See L.

,

XXlII, XXIX, and XXX).

1,

D., Text IV, 17/1 for the end of text

b.

This column and column 3 have the usual elaborate floral capitals of the period.

The

stalks of the

bundle of reeds which form the column, are actually

carved on the part of the shaft immediately below the capital. They terminate in Gve rings which represent the cords with which the bundle

is

tied.

Beneath

these five rings there are two bands of inscription encircling the column.

The upper band

a.

my

consists of repetitions of the

XIII placed side by side (resting each on the sign

22), alternating with the figure

by

^

this figure

hangs the

(not ^).

The cartouches b.

are

The lower band

^

From

^^l

^-symbol,

two cartouches of Ptole-

rsn and surmounted by

the tip of each of the f- sticks held

while the end of each stick terminates in

^ (^IlilEII^i!^!!!

:

of inscription,

is

as follows

Driving back the foe [hrw], supporting

(?)

:

C'^^MPf :^ j;l]|' *

—- T

^

ijk

ll

•

1

{hry?) heaven, king of Upper and

Lower Egypt, Ptolemaios-living-for-ever (Beloved-)

beloved of

of-Isis,

Khnum-

Re, lord of Bigeh.75 Immediately below

b,

on the east side of the

tion in a vertical line (PI.

W '^'

XXX)

See Pis.

XXV and XXX

=1 •

hrw -Feind^') (Junker).

tf

and

cf.

:

<

—•

jT|

pillar, is the

»— ^c= '^c^ "

Dendur, Pis. XXXIV, 2 and

XXXV,

1

following inscrip-

— and

,.= na^ -W-, 2.

1

—

THE OUTER HALL

earth IS

nff^l T^P

|_

I

EAST FACE OF SCREEN AND COLUMNS.

:

«

in exultation, Abaton

is

Heaven

when

COLUMN

3 (Pis.

Published

See L.

:

Column

XIX, ,

3 has

Z).,

wonder; as

in

is

for the

occupies [her] shrine

Text IV, 17/1 for beginning of text in vertical line beiow

same elaborate

the

Below the cords there

same

is

the

them,

tie

is

as follows

on column

as

column

capital as

floral

are two bands of text a and

The upper band,

—

the

n

and XXXIV).

1

treatment of the stalks, and the cords that

face »

Isis

is ill festival,

the [Place of] Truth

in rejoicing, Bigeh (-.

The lower band,

I.

:

in joy, the two (?) divisions of the world are in

is

a.

Formula

27

•ntl^'^

!!P'?'!^i*'~^ J

I

—

:

«

I

"f-^IPf ^^!i^f

—'«t«(TE

M'

who

Live the good god,

stretches out the

firmament, king of Upper and Lower Egypt, Ptolemaios-living-for-ever Belovedbeloved of Osiris, great god, lord of Abaton.

of-Isis,

Immediately below

h

a vertical line (see PI.

on the east

XXXIV)

&/ilJ"l"m^=-ii "^/Ji'l ^H I

I

I

I

:

a.

»

—

offers four

>-

Lower Egypt '"

Thes.,

I'l

t

'® I'l

"J-

is

is

5

)

Mem-

the sun in his disk, the prince (sr) of

Osiris, the

moon-god Thoth,

the prince

57

vases

Behind the king in a

:

Child of Satis,

^*''"

I

J

I T

to

i

1876, andBRUGSCif,

^Py

Osiris-Onnophris

vertical line

«^« ^ ^

'^^''"^'^S

1

5)

5

(PL XXIII).

The king Text.

the following text in

"Abaton, Bigeh, Edfu, Thebes, Dendereh, 6

of the gods, over [his] adversaries. III

is

~~ "^ (^{^^^^'A^'SX^AW

the gods, over his foes. Triumphant

SCENE

column

side of the

and ever! Triumphant

phis, for ever

n

whom

(^^^ JuiVKER,

Worterb., Suppl.,

-^^

:

-

/_|j

>

is

standing

iSf -«-

Empty

the mistress of

who

«Kmg

[

jP)

-^^^^

—

-.

^"^

Upper and

ot

nursed.

<

.

.

.[.?.].

5?

Gratnmatik der Denderatexle , S 77, 4)? Cf. Brugsch,

812,

for variations. i.

—

j

«

THE TEMPLE OF BIGEH.

28

Directly behind the king

h.

-

:

>-

^^ IB

happiness [behind him like Re for ever!].

Above the king

c.

\

^

:

':':King

!P'^!^i»'~'

|

of

j

«All protection,

and

life,

57

^J.^IlE^II^^ID

I

|

-3^

Zl.(^i

Upper and Lower Egypt, lord (of the Two Lands)

Heir-of-the-god-who-saves Chosen-of-Ptah Doing-the-truth-of-Re (Living-form-

Amon,

of-)

son of Re, lord (of diadems) Ptolemaios-living-for-ever Reloved-

of-Isis. V

In front of the king in three vertical lines

d.

c'Encircling with four «ms-f-vases of water.

before thy majesty,

members. The Selkis.

purified

«

:

j

"ip

^

* ^s=

[i i]

1

*

1

The nms-t-yase comes

These august vessels enoble they

and one horizontal

vertical

i— =r^:H--f^=

and

for

whom was made

-'Horus, Thoth, Geb,

Sepa

Rehind Osiris-Onnophris in a

scene

'''

Cf.

1^)

Paralieie

>

In front of Osiris -Onnophris in a vertical line

^^f]«fj g.

Formula

>

Utterance by Osiris- Onnophris, great god, lord of Abaton, the

Underworld (?) (dwl-tf). f.

—

T)

f^* ^« first

:

the second Nb-t-F'g, the third Sothis, the fourth

first is Isis,

ri!~i-1(iiI131t

Isis,

thy body.

purifies

Above Osiris- Onnophris in two

e.

i

it

'''

(5p?)

f").

vertical line

:

-e-—

I(?) give

:

^— ^j^

V" '^ % "^ a

them

\.

for cleansing

(?).

1

55

-^ X*=—c-H-ri

d, p. 26.

geben l(m',-nftwr

6. a.

(Junker).

to identify the four

Nh-t-F'g, Sothis, and

Selkis.

nms-i- vases with these four gods? In d they are called

—

.

THE OUTER HALL wKing

of

WEST FACE OF SCREEN AND COLUMNS.

:

Upper and Lower Egypt

:

Horus, lord of cleansing, purifying his body

with nms-

who

and with her right hand puts the -i^-symbol Text.

a.

^ j^=— J =

Behind the king in a

ccLive the

mighty of arm before

left,

to his nose.

vertical line (PI.

good god! The image his

holds his right hand in her

XXIV)

:

<

—

-

Tni^*"!

great of strength,

(^ssp-nh) of

mother, son of Re, lord of diadems Ptolemaios-living-

for-ever Beloved-of-Isis. v h.

Behind the king

behind him

like

Re

:

^—

for ever!

75

f

^

X

—

*

E

"^

^^^^^

^^^^

^"^ happiness

—

"

THE TEMPLE OF BtGEH.

30

Above the king

c.

^— iS^ % {\^'^\W^i'" ^ J

:

«

Son of Re Ptolemaios ,

living-foi-ever Beloved-of-Isis.

Above Hathor in two

d. ff

vertical lines

:

—

-

^

^

1^

j

^^^

-"^^r-

i

I

Utterance by Hathor the great, mistress of Bigeh [Sninj.-n e.

^ ^

In front of Hathor in a vertical line

^-•^-^ZZ «I put

my

for thee

I

Two

thy body, o lord of the /.

t of

Behind Hathor in a

life

Lands.

»

:

^

^

into thy nostrils,

jf^'''^^

health and

P*"^^^^

A

stability [into]

55

XXV) :^-"lltif^^=j^|*,Ti1

vertical line (PI.

^'-= i~^'^f4"^^^[>3>^' — ^- rrQueen

'

Upper and Lower Egypt

Wosret

:

in

Dendereh, beautiful of countenance,

with the four faces, great in the south, mighty in the north, ruler in the east

and west, Hathor

the great, mistress of

Archaeological details

:

The king. Head-dress

He wears a broad left

hand he holds

Bigeh (^{S)nm).v

no. 2.

belt as well as a kilt (cf. Dendur, PI.

CXVIH,

1

1).

In his

and /i.

[

Hathor. Head-dress no. 17.

Immediately below

this

scene are a a line of text in large hieroglyphs, and h

a band of decoration consisting of empty cartouches between hawk-headed lions. a (Pis. VI, 2 and XXV). In a horizontal line "

m\\^^'^i'%\

^^^^

^^

&^o^ E^^

'

The

Above each cartouch, which

on

lions sit

^-^B^-signs placed each

side of the cartouch lion

is

SCENE

a sceptre

II

(1'

M,

^

00

55

rests

above

upon a r^n-sign,

^.

The

lion

:

-

on the north

H r^n-

the one on the south side JjL., In front of each

composed of the combined signs j'V"

^

—- comes out of the royal residence (symbolised by i

See Griffith, Hieroglyphs, p. 36. One side of the | as well as the top

decorated with

^

is

XXVI).

(PI.

The king

wears

— '^1ill:^»^|

Uniting with Hathor, enlarging

[Ptolem]aios-living-for-ever Beloved-of-Isis. h (Pi. VI, 2).

:

|

-ornaments.

is,

j

to

go

to

in our example,

-

.

THE OUTER HALL him

the temple. In front of

burning incense Text.

(cf.

WEST FACE OF SCREEN AND COLUMNS.

III, Pi.

^m

I

making a way

his

in three horizontal lines

'""^

f#f

J

I

:

—-

-,

''" '

j

\4/

making music (?)

house

l|^

-<

who

is

« i

« W^

he son

ot

him

in front of

him, while the standards (^blmwY^^ clear (the

for

<

XXVIII, and L., D., IV, 71, a).

1^ —*^

comes forth from

31

—

are two standards preceded by a priest

Above the standards

a.

Re

scene

:

,

road)'^'. w (3)

T

I

Aw^^

J -^^^

j^

« 1

1

1

1

f^

Wepwawet

power

of the north,

of heaven. Thoth, twice

great, lord of Hermopolis. »

In front of and between the two standards in three vertical lines

c.

1

^=i#

J

wbS'S

tf

Utterance bv the Tillar-of-his-mother'

Great House, and censes the Uraeus-goddess [Vr-t^-n

and

Nsr-t-n

«Thy way

1

near [thee]

enemies

(?).

Above the scene in a horizontal

d.

I

who

I

—

<

w

cleanses the

«Ulterance by the Shmty

?

clear unto earth in Bigeh; there are

is

['-'^Y^]

1

:

no impurities

55

line

:

<

—- ^'^ XoTii/

j>^_|^^^^^^J^(«J^iwJ(,,

,The king

of

Im'^^'^^^^ U^per and Lower

Egypt, shining in the red crown, beautiful of appearance in the double diadem (^shmty),

coming

forth from the purification to the shrine of his mother, perform-

ing the ceremonies

(1'

Cf.

j]

after

^

...-«»j

^^^

{hhnw)

way unto her abodei. Brugsch,

clear her '^'

^

{ir iht) for his father, n

This sentence has been

left

^

V^^^

-=> i^

c:

priests carrying standards

Worterh., 43o.

incomplete by the sculptor for lack of space; there

is

no lacuna

^. Wepwawet

of the South,

power of the Two Lands

'3'

Cf.

'*'

See Sethe, Zur Sage vom Sonnenauge, p. 10-12 (esp. footnote

'•'•'

Restore to

\/^**^^f T [

3? H i iv. '^'

The

©

is

•

m

r'

ft

wl-t-k

^*r

P

[rl

w',-t= Copt. r-^Y")? ^^^

C^R^scH, W6rterb., 85i).

shaped something

like

#

*^^'

^

2 ! ^

on

1^

(L., D., IV, 71,0).!?

p. 11). 1

^^^x^'^^T' ^"^

—

THE TEMPLE OF BIGEH.

32

Archaeological details

:

The king. Head-dress

He wears CXVIII,

PI.

and

the usual short kilt combined with 1

1).

in his left a

ibis

The

are of the regular form, long poles terminating in a

J^, and

in the other

j^He

«Pillar-of-his-Mother53.

offers a

^-pot of incense. He

panther skin in the usual fashion; his figure

Above

DendUr, PI. LI),

(of.

T-mace and the -ih-symbol.

perch, and surmounted in the one case by a jackal

by an

a frieze (PI.

e is

of the screen. is

a broad belt (of. Dendur,

In his right hand he holds a long |-staff

The standards. They

"^-

no. 2.

It

is

clothed in a

much damaged.

is

XXVI) corresponding

on the east face

to the cornice

consists of the following designs. In the centre resting

on

^^

a large disk with a winged scarab in the midst. This scarab grasps the

symbol

Q

in

its

hind

Above the larger disk

feet.

is

a smaller one flanked with

pendant uraei, and furnished with wings that droop down on either side of the larger disk. that

The uraeus on

on the south

side the

the north side wears the

M- crown

the wings near each uraeus

At either end of the

the south end the of

Ptolemy

XIII.

WH'^ilV} ^^itt3j

|-

•

end wears the

M-crown. Both snakes

On

^0^^ cartouches are surmounted by

:

coiled through a

^- crown,

in front of the northern snake

That in front of the southern snake

the north side

is

Q.

and the one

at

protect with their wings a cartouch

Between each cartouch and the central design a.

Lower Egypt,

Upper Egypt. Laid transversely upon

winged uraeus whose body

at the north

The cartouch

of

a S-feather, the quill of which terminates in

is

frieze is a

Q- symbol. The uraeus

of

^-crown

is

:

is

:

-

>

(YR^

^^ (viHi^*^'!

JE. is

a vertical line of text, a

-^ '^^"HIZ'^I^^Tf '^^=^^

and

b.

"Horus

of Edfu, great god, lord 0? Msn-t, dappled of plumage, rising in the horizon, b.

Onthesouthside:^-'^^"|[^^f.^^=^

^lorus of Edfu,

great god, lord of heaven, dappled of plumage, rising in the horizon,

COLUMN

2 (PI.

w

v

XXVII).

The north-west

side of this

column

is

decorated with four pairs of genii or

1

.

THE OUTER HALL

demons arranged one above

WEST FACE OF SCREEN AND COLUMNS.

:

the other,

commencing

the screen and continuing almost as far

down

33

at the level of the top of

as the top of the

dado on the

adjacent wall.

Row

1

.

Text.

jackal-headed genii »

>-

—

-

:

"^^

>-

T1JH

^^Nb-nh-w',s (Lord-of-life-and-happiness), great god, in the

I

"^^^^

of

il-t

55

In front of the hindermost in a vertical line

b.

^dwy (Slasher), great god,

J

—

In front of the foremost in a vertical line

a.

•n Osiris.

— Two

in the

house of

—

:

Sm^

M

C-3

U

1

I

Isis.»

IBCHAEOLOGICAL DETAILS

The foremost demon holds

a

^v^-knife in his

hand, the hindermost

left

holds one in either hand.

Row

— Two

2.

ox(?)-headed genii

Text. a. In front of the foremost in a vertical line

—

J "][>-

r>

Each demon holds a N^^-knife .

—

-faced?), great god, in his il-t.v

(

Infrontof the hindermost in a vertical line

vKl(l^-'msnf, great god

»

:

and

*< in their right,

hand.

hsmn natron, '

5

—

—

.

THE TEMPLE OF BIGEH.

34

Row

— Two human-headed

h.

Text.

a.

:

-

>.

In front of the foremost in a vertical line

^*''B i^V

:

—

-

Jf»\

>-

-house.

(Slasher), preat god, in the -

In front of the hindermost in a vertical line

b.

:

—

>-

^ ^

J

^ ^

1

-^^^

1

5;

ii!l

J

ll'^^^l

*»

great god, in Philae {Hl-Hnl).n

ff'ji/,

Archaeological details

:

The foremost demon has

a

'^- snake on

hand. The hindermost,

his left

holds 1 in his

column

the

genii

$

and

left,

see Pis. XXVII,

XL and

DendHir, Pi.

COLUMN

3 (Pis.

who perhaps

in his right

head and

his

carries a

X^- knife

in

has a uraeus on his forehead (?),

hand. For the decoration at the base of

XXIX, and XXXVI,

1,

and

cf.

Pis.

XXXVI,

and

2

XXXIV.

XXXIX and XL).

The south-west

side of this

column,

like the north-west face of

column

2

,

is

decorated with genii or demons in four rows.

Row

1

Text.

-w^p

,

a.

Cf

him

In front of

genius only

in a vertical line

—

-

<

:

—•

->

1^**^

,1^3=^

,

j

f^

vertical line

I

j

and a

bit

:

^

—-

Archaeological details

2.

damaged Text.

^

—

a.

is

Two

—

-«

^[J^ (1)

—

1^

j

1 '"^^^^ ..

1

»

|^.-

comes out,

Pillar- of-his- Mothers?

Text.

a.

from the royal residence, preceded

as in scene II,

{In-mw-t-f) and the jackal- and ibis-standards.

Above the standards

in

two horizontal lines

:

»

>

J\ %#^ •

j

(^~^HiJ!fiiT^-

offers

Archaeological details

He

is

SCENE

I.

A king Text.

stands a.

(cf. PI.

<

—

-.

VII)

and holds the /i-whip and?-crook.

—

^ with hands uplifted in adoration.

Above the king

L;^,Jv—«^^

:

>—>

%{Q|f

"Opening j

V

'"

seated

7.

j

b.

is

effaced.

Head-dress no.

mummiform

who

:

The king. Head-dress Osiris.

to Osiris

j^

S'y-t ((Primaeval goddess n.

Blank (^

]|

(at) even.

J

55

^

» ^Blank

—— .

THE ENTRANCE TO THE OUTER HALL Archaeological details

Text.

stands »

—

»-

The

Above the king

a.

—

stands -

>-

—

»

:

Upon

f

^0^%

TBlankJI.

V—i .g= -g^||

Opening

«

noon.w

at

9.

:

—

-

:

is

1

no.

I

to

-^

O

:

1

« "«

Heaven

the right eye.

earth.

The

The Temple of Bigeh.

is left

^j0% (iianP

Opening

at

.

dawn,

w

it

XXXI)

(PI.

'^PTi r I

projects

III

-A-

O

beyond the east face of

in a vertical line

—

The moon upon

is

rising

secret until

and

-^^

mystery; the

left

setting.

I

its

its

~7V

day exactly;

Thou

>

m.

r-

rejoices in possession of

-

:

art

all its

Shu, shining

Re, rejoice thou! Thoth has come forth in triumph; the

The king beloved

inscription

?

rr

1

jamb where

sacred eye has come to him, to (dhh-t-s).

|0f (^Blank^

1

functions {nfw) are established

and

j

two previous scenes.

:

|(?)

the following inscription

III

joined

attitude as in the

j^ V—

>

the south side of this

column 3

f"

iSf (Blank Jj

ifc.

^

same

Above the king

a.

The king. Head-dress

is

j

in the

Archaeological details

eve

"

I.

:

In front of the king

nn

-

attitude as in scene

III.

Text.

-I

:

Head-dress no.

king.

A king

.=

same

in the

Archaeological details

h.

41

no. 2.

In front of the king

SCENE

SOUTH JAMB.

:

II.

A king

h.

EAST FACE

:

:

The king. Head-dress SCENE

—

I

its

master.

He has furnished

of the gods founding'^)

it

with

its

»

incomplete. 6

offering

THE TEMPLE OF BIGEH.

42

The Thickness of

South Jamb.

the

XXXV.)

(PI.

THE CORNICE.

The same

on the corresponding north

as

side.

THE PROJECTION.

A king—> squatting Text. b.

life, c.

offers'

two #-vases

to Isis

and Harendotes, both of

—«.

Above

Above the king Isis in

:

Tsiank

two vertical

mistress of Abaton.

.

lines

:^— ijj^i'^'^'j^rfl©

vertical lines

-< :

—j

dotes, son of

Isis.

1

I

Her head-dress rests

is

no. 12.

the usual female coiffure with

on her knee, she holds a short

Harendotes. Head-dress no.

two

^

J

%

'^haren-

:

The king. Head-dress

in

—

^kT|^

55

Archaeological details

hand, which

"'^^^ ^^^^^

55

Above Harendotes in two

Upon

are

<

a.

Isis.

whom

a

—- and

>

on top

:

— j-

In ber

-sceptre.

5.

the thickness of the south

vertical lines

j

jj

jamb below

b »

—

>-

(PI.

the projection,

XXXV)

:

a.

c4-^

is

H

j

an inscription -^m^ ujtj

^

l

good god, beloved of the great god lord of Abaton, the goodly youth who came forth

from Nut, prince

[bily) of

Lower Egypt,

(jty) of

gods, king {ny-swt^ of Upper Egypt, sovereign

ruler {hkl) of the

uraei while in his mother's

womb,

Underworld

(spt igr-t), lord of the

shining of beams in the evening.

55

»

THE ENTRANCE TO THE OUTER HALL

(

STTT

'

^

fl^

!

!^ It 3

^^

Horus

two Crown-Goddesses, the people

DOORWAY

INTERIOR OF

:

goodly youth

,

(rhy-t)

and

his

:

NORTH WALL.

sweet of love

,

,;

whom

,

ka advanced; he adored

iS

the

Khnum

the august in order to receive for himself a crowning with the double diadem

sacred of splendour with the living Apis, king of Upper and Lower Egypt,

master of

feats (ir \h-t), son of

Re, lord of diadem(s) Ptolemy XIII.

The Interior of the Doorway. (Pis.

XXXI-XXXUI and XXXV.)

The walls are decorated with is

a cornice

which

as

,

we have already seen

a continuation of the cornice of the jambs on the east face of the doorway.

It

is

ornamented with the usual ribbing imitating palm-sticks, interspersed

with the cartouches of Ptolemy XIII. Each cartouch

^.

surmounted by

is

projects

The

on the nn-symbol and

separated from the cornice by the torus,

frieze,

beyond the surface of the wall below and forms the rudimentary archi-

trave, or projection, above the PI.

rests

XXXVI,

1

and

jambs on the west

face of the

doorway (see

These jambs unlike those on the east face of the doorway

2).

have no thickness or reveals, these being in the same plane as, and forming

one with, the interior walls of the doorway. Both the north and south walls are decorated with eight rows of Pis.

five repetitions of the

group of symbols

f

t1

(see

XXXIII and XXXV). The North Wall.

THE FRIEZE

—« seated —

A king are of

(Pis.

<

XXXI and XXXII). Horus of Edfu accompanied by Hathor, both of

offers f| to >-.

whom

Behind the king are two kneeling male figures; the foremost

whom

has ^\%, the hindermost A

Text.

a.

Above the king

b.

Above Horus in a

c.

Above Hathor

:

»

Archaeological details

:

T Blank

vertical line

—

»

('),

above his head.

J. :

»

—

>-

iK,^^ Horus ff

of Edfu.

w

^

:

The king. Head-dress Horus. Head-dress no.

no. 2. 5. 6.

—

.

THE TEMPLE OF BIGEH.

liU

Hathor. Head-dress no. 17.

The two kneeling

Head-dress no. 20.

figures.

The South Wall.

THE FRIEZE

(PI.

A king «—>

^—

.

XXXV).

offers

f

1 to

Behind the king are two kneeling male

foremost

is

!^,

«

c.

:

all life

Above

and happiness

Osiris in

two

-

:

Isis in

>

august father,

to his

:

<

—•

are seated

Above the head of the

.

s_i T

'^ — ^

v

I'MJ

J

1 a«»««a

|

""^^"f J©

ff

Osiris,

??

two vertical lines

:

<

—j

life,

whom

J

vertical lines

great god, lord of Abaton.

Above

figures.

]

j

d.

both of

v-^ I0f (BlaakJ \l^ % ( Blank J

In front of the king in a vertical line

Offering

Isis,

above the head of the hindermost %.

Text. a. Above the king b.

accompanied by

Osiris

J

h-^^^^

1

qoO»«

«Isis given

mistress of Abaton.w

Arc HAEOLOGICAL DETAILS

The king. Head-dress Osiris. Isis.

Head-dress no.

Head-dress no.

The two kneeling

1

no.

1

7.

7 without uraeus.

Head-dress no. 20.

figures.

The West Face. (Pk XXXVI,

1

and

2

-XL.)

North Jamb.

Upon

the edge of the

jamb

(PI.

XXXVII), outside the torus,

is

an elongated

surmounted by a cobra crowned with the ^-diadem of Lower Egypt. The snake entwines the whole length of the stem in its coils (cf. p. 87, PI. XXIX). I

THE CORNICE.

The same

as

on the east face (see

p.

87).

—

»

..

THE ENTRANCE TO THE OUTER HALL THE PROJECTION

— squatting »— A king

<

(PJ.

WEST FACE

:

NORTH JAMB.

:

45

XXXVIl).

with hands uplifted in adoration kneels before

who

Isis

is

>-.

Text.

Above

b.

life,

Above the king

a.

Isis in

two

:

—• MBJank j

^<

vertical lines

:

»

>

i

nT^^ ^•f

J

|

mistress of Abaton.55

Archaeological details

:

The king. Head-dress

no. 10.

Head-dress no. i8(?).

Isis.

She holds a short

J- sceptre in

her hand which rests upon her knee.

Below the projection on the jamb are two (PI.

XXXVII):

m r^ '^^

^11"^^^—^;

J\ —**—

^^

«

Utterance

:

the sanctuary of Isis given

©1

[

.

.

?

.

.

may

is

her body, pure

pure are her ornaments, pure

is

that

is

purify] (s[w'b-f?J)

pure are her people,

],

members

the(stc) shrine, pure are her bones, pure are her

two fingers (?), pure

of inscription

Thoth twice great, lord of Hermopolis,

her

life

lines

vertical

cleansing everything with his hands, coming forth [that he

her.

is

.

pure

is

[h'w), pure are her

which belongs

her house, pure

1

.

,

to

her

(^iry-sj(J^,

[pure

pure

every road upon which she journeys.

is]

Immediately below the inscription, and forming a dado,

Thoth

—

>-

Text. «

given

^'^^^^ Ipi*""

a.

pouring water out of a l-vase

Above Thoth

in a horizontal line

Utterance by Thoth twice great b.

ID

In front of Thoth

There

is

no room

:

for -«-

(PI.

^ ^° under

:

XXXYI,

a scene representing

1). '/iz/z/fy/

—

»

is

>-

1^

)

l^lS;^^J

n

jb>5^>5^>5^

J before ^

^^^"^^

'

^°"'

'^"^''•''

'////^z/^

—

THE TEMPLE OF BIGEH.

46

Archaeological details

:

Thoth. Head-dress no. 26.

Upon column

the north side of this

jamb where

it

projects

2 is the following inscription in a vertical line (PI.

l|'(?)|T|^"^-=>-H-"V-^

'*"-•>;

The doors

back of Geb, these gates of the abode of

Isis

sanctuary [hm-t-s)

is

adorned with gold

with their things by clever fingers

XXXVIII)

-<

:

—«

*^® gate-way of the temple,

''

the folding doors (jptsw) of the sanctuary.

filled

beyond the west face of

who

[s'^wy),

is

of the horizon

given

in order to enlarge the sanctuary of his mother.

[. .?. .].

Her

overlaid with gold (kdm),

There are

(?).

life

upon the

pillars

beneath them

y>

The South Jamb'-^K

THE CORNICE

The same

(PI.

squatting

»

>

—-

<

2).

on the north jamb.

as

THE PROJECTION

A king

XXXVI,

(PI.

XXXIX).

with hands raised in adoration kneels in front of Osiris so

:

(Blank

:

?

TBlank

j

«

Above

Osiris in

two vertical lines

Osiris, great god, lord of

Archaeological details

:

<

—

-

J. 1

I

"1"" "1 1

'"^O

1

"^

* /!jrl

Abaton.w

:

The king. Head-dress Osiris.

is

|J.

Text. a. Above the king b.

who

no. 10.

Head-dress no. 6

(?).

Immediately below the projection in two vertical lines (Pis. XXXVI, 2 and

LJbJ

(1)

Upon

the edge of the

jamb an elongated

and the surmounting serpent wears the

4|f-

iotus-flower replaces the papyrus stem (see p. UU),

crown.

—

»

THE DEMOTIC GRAFFITI OF bIgEH.

/i7

m'^rr„:,-ry-r::^-cm7::ir "lo

"^ 1

|(?)

™ ^H

(1

''^

n n

A

^ =^-^

(?)

[Bhdty), great god, lord of heaven. Pure Osiris lord of Abaton, pure

pure

Utterance bv Horus of Edfu

[pure]

is

his temple, pure is his palace,

is

the shrine(?) of

is

pure

is

his throne,

his chapel [hd), pure are his amulets, pure are his bandages, pure

is

his collar,

pure

Below

a.

carry him, pure

is

is

[his]

v

.]

—

Horus

this inscription is a scene representing

pouring water out

-

-<

XXXVI,2).

of a j-vase(Pl.

Text.

who

his body, pure are the priests

is

minister(?)[. .?.

«

«

Above Horus in a horizontal

line

:

—•

^

im \k

-^^

1

*

"^^^

1

Utterance by Horus of Edfu, great god, lord of heaven.

b.

In front of Horus

Archaeological details

:

^-^

f^\^^)r%)r%')r%'^

'^^''^

^^"^

•

^^e^""

:

Horus. Head-dress no. 21.

Upon column

i

the south side of the 3

is

_Ld

*

Mai *= ^

1

I

1

I

i

I

projects

•ra ^-jIIc-di-

'""^

9^ —»— J

of the horizon, the hall of heaven Osiris, are built (V/s) of

Syria

it

beyond the west face of

XL)

the following inscription in a vertical line (PI.

\\i

J

jamb where

wood

«

i

Utterance

upon

:

i

i

i

i

i

J

i

J

>

i] |/*w«\ 1,^^^^

the divine doors of the erates

earth, the great doors of the places of

of the garden

by the hands [..?..]

-rr- 1

-

:

(^'w

n

hnt),

wrought with copper of

horizon [..?..]

v

THE DEMOTIC GRAFFITI OF BIGEH BY

The

graffiti of the

Philae. Although

little

F. LL.

GRIFFITH.

Bigeh temple cannot compare in interest with those of

remains of the temple, the survival of the main door-

ways has preserved a considerable number of

but they are short,

ill-

engraved, and in poor condition, and, until the exhaustive researches of the

last

graffiti,

few years, had not attracted the attention of any

copyist.

Upon

the magnificent

photographs of the scenes and hieroglyphic inscriptions made by the expedition

THE TEMPLE OF BIGEH.

48

Academy

of the Prussian

the

demoik

are

graffiti

scale,

and

all that I

can

shewn on a minute

Mr. Blackman made squeezes of most. The following notes are gather from a brief study of these materials.

No.

In the thickness of the south

1.

jamb

V and

of the pylon gate (see Pis.

VI, i) two or three small graffiti can be detected.

On

No. 2.

Horus

and

XIV)

(PI.

No. 3.

the west face of the north jamb, between the heads of

On

is

sl

the west face of the south

Horus 1/

*.*^

1/ '

"^^ i

1

No.

'"'U/r'iJ

v/'^ J No.

Graffito

No. 5.

On

li.

Isis of

Abatop)

.

.

on the east face of the screen

much I,

*''^--'

j£_l/C/ r.

of the king in scene III (PI. XXIII)

lOU..

1

luOJ

-"^

^jp

XXIX) are four

^'o Y'A^ ^A ^y'//^^

lines

pwer,

tpt

^

(^

n * i/o

''^^

are seen in the

^^

f'

v^^^ ^n

'

Graffito

r

^ Cw^

\^it\^^ ^

name

is

No.

6.

following lines. In front ofthe head ofthe next figure

below

is

one line «Pshenthof.

No. 7.

On

this entrance,

(PI.

XXXII)

The

is

.

the north side

w, cf.

of the

no. 3.

passage of

(?)

kneeling behind

him

a graffito of 7 lines well preserved

salutation of

j^^

Pakhnum

»

:

son of Harpaesi son

of Harheri son of Panasht (?)

and Esmet p-wer(l) the hierogrammat

.

between the standing figure of the

^'"^ ^^^ *^® goddess

«

J^jg^^

'

rrEsmet-05j and the groups

.-

J5C-1 r'^ /-- ->

.

2.

.•_il

The Pylon and Terrace

after Restoration (April 19 10).

BIGEH.

Plate

Gate-Way of Pylon

:

East Face

:

South Jamb

:

Scenes

III

and IV

IV

BtGEH.

Plate

Gate- Way of Pylon

:

East Face

:

Thickness of South Jamb

:

Scenes

III,

IV and Dado.

V

Plate

BiGEH.

c75

o c o

Q

o

U

3

o

o -a

3 O

(J-,

Oh

O

O

VI

BiGEH.

Plate VII

3 O to

o

O

BIGEH,

Plate VIII

Gate-Way of Pylon

:

Interior

South Wall

:

Scene

II.

BIGEH.

Plate

o

-a

3

O c/2

c

O

IX

Plate

BIGEH.

I.

Gate- Way of Pylon

2.

:

West Face

Gate-Way

:

Thickness of North Jamb

of Pylon

.

West

Face.

:

Dado.

X

BIGEH.

Plate

XI

3 O -a

a

o

-a

a

T3

C

Ph

a o >. a,

o

BIGEH.

Plate XII

B

o

Z

a

o o

a

Plate XIII

BIGEH.

Gate- Way of Pylon

:

West Face

:

North Jamb

.

Scene

II.

BIGEH.

Plate

Gate-Way of Pylon

:

West Face

:

North Jamb

:

Scenes

III

and IV.

XIV

BIGEH.

Plate

XV

c ty-i

E 3

O in

n _o

^j-i

o

O

Plate

bIgeh.

Gate-Way

of Pylon

:

West Face

:

South Jamb

:

Scenes

II

and

III.

XVI

Plate

BIGEH.

Gate-Way of Pylon

:

West

tace

:

South Jamb

:

Scenes

III

and IV.

XVII

BIGEH. Plate

\:^i*-

\

XVIII

BIGEH.

Plate

I.

Outer Hall

2.

Outer Hall

:

:

East Face of Screen and Solumns.

West Face

of Screen and Columns.

XIX

BIGEH.

XX

Plate

'if V

F^

5

w

si^'

ill.

'^^"^ .

"^