The Temple of Bigeh
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Blackman_A...
Description
CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY
Cornell University Library
DT 129.B62 Temple of Bigeh
3 1924 028 626 970
......^
sa
The
Cornell University Library
original of this
book
is in
the Cornell University Library.
There are no known copyright
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the United States on the use of the
text.
http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924028626970
PROF- ET MMEt
[DB.
LES
TEMPLES IMMERGES DE LA NUBIE
P.
BAiee
SERVICE DES ANTIQUITES DE L'EGYPTE
LES
TEMPLES IMMERGES DE LA NURIE —04'S—
THE TEMPLE OF BIGEH PAR AYLWARD
M.
BLACKMAN
.
A-
LE CAIRE IMPRIMERIE DE L'INSTITUT FRANCAIS D'ARCHEOLOGIE ORIENTALE 1915
THE TEMPLE OF BIGEH BY
AYLWARD
M.
BLACKMAN
M. A.
Laycock Student of Egyptology at Worcester College, Oxford,
Late Oxford University Nubian Research Scholar,
Formerly Scholar of Queen's College.
PREFACE.
The
following record of the Temple of Bigeh was
early May,
1910. Owing
difficult,
and although I managed
steamers
at Shellal the results
this difficulty
through whose friendly
to
development of negatives proved very
were not altogether
however by
offices I
Akademie der Wtssenschaften
much
I
have
to
help while
the proofs,
my
satisfactory. I
to
pubhsh in
Temple belonging
to the
at Berlin. I trust that in spite of
my warmest thanks for
this
volume
KonigUchen
the
war both
their genero-
thank Dr. Junker for other favours. He not only gave I
making
was preparing
my
several important suggestions
p. h'l), to Professor
Hunt
for editing the
to Miss Porter for again furnishing
me
manuscript, but also read through
and
corrections.
thanks are also due to Mr. Griffith for editing the Demotic
and
have been
friend Dr. Junker of Vienna
obtained permission
Dr. Junker and the Akademie m\\ accept
But
Sudan Government's
obtain ice from the
the magnificent photographs of Bigeh
sity.
and
in April
to the intense heat of the pile of granite boulders
that forms the Island of Bigeh, the
helped out of
made
little
me
My
best
graffiti (see
Greek inscription on p. ^9,
with
full
bibfiographical parti-
culars.
Aylward M. Blackman. Worcester College, Oxford, November 191/1.
THE TEMPLE OF BIGEH. PART
I.
INTRODUCTION AND TEXT. The
island of Bigeh which
with the exception of the
between Philae and El-Heseh
named,
last
El-Heseh Bigeh
Cataract. Like hills'''
lies
the southernmost
consists of a
number
of. the
(PI. II, i), is,
islands in the First
of small rugged granite
intersected by winding valleys. At the water's edge, wherever there
sufficient deposit of
Nile-mud, the
thrifty inhabitants raise their scanty
vegetables and dura'^', while they build their houses (PI.
any available ledge on the island,
is
the
modern
and
2
II,
is
a
crop of
/i)
upon
one of the valleys, in the centre of the
hill-sides. In
cemetery'^' with the
tomb
of the local sheykh in
its
midst
(PI. II, 3).
The temple
is
situated
on the
east shore opposite Philae,
Aswan dam, stood some way back from
of the water-level by the
was a stone quay or landing-stage
away from close
up
hills,
upon
it.
now
This has
to the
pylon
and,
in front of the pylon, but
till
the raising
the river. There
some
little
distance
disappeared beneath the water which comes quite
itself'*'.
Immediately behind the temple
the boulders composing which
numbers
rise the granite
oi graffili are to be found.
In former years the temple was surrounded with houses'^' (PI.
have recently been demolished and the precincts cleared of
all
Ill,
1).
These
encumbrances.
Like the temples of Kalabsheh, Dendur, Ajuala and Haifa, that of Bigeh also appears
to
have been erected on a terrace or platform, composed no doubt of
the underlying ruins of earlier edifices. '^'
Weigall, Report on
Survey of Nubia, Vol. '^'
the Antiquities
I, Pis.
The
of Lower Nubia, PI. XII,
19, a, b, and 31, b;
Even these poor attempts
at
original substructure, however, has
cf.
Id., Pis.
husbandry have now had
to
1
and i; Reisner, Archaeological
10 and 16, a (views of El-Heseh).
be abandoned owing
to the increased
height of the water-level. '^'
For an account of the ancient cemeteries see Reisner,
(*'
Weigall,
op. cit.. Pi. XII, 4.
almost completely submerged l5)
Weigall,
op. cit.,
The Temple of Bigeh.
PL
My
when
op. cit., p.
description was written in 1910.
the reservoir
102-1
1
1.
The temple
is
now (iQiS)
is full.
XII, 9, h. i
,
THE TEMPLE OF BIGEH.
2
been so enveloped in modern cement that exact nature (PI.
a).
Ill,
impossible to determine
now
it is
Most of the temple has been destroyed,
all
that
its
now
remains being the gate-way of the pylon ''' and the greater part of the facade of the outer hall. This facade consists of four columns'^', adorned with the elaborate floral capitals usual in the
Ptolemaic and early
Roman
periods, combined with a
screen or curtain-wall of about half the height of the columns
What remains
of the outer hall
is
the
work
of
'^\
Ptolemy XIII, but the
reliefs
on the pylon gate-way were executed in the reign of Augustus, whose cartouches appear above the head of the dedicatory inscriptions
(e.
officiating
king in
the scenes, and also in the
all
g. p. /i;/) in this part of temple.
inscriptions on the exterior walls of the pylon gate-way are
The scenes and
executed in sunk relief [en creux^, as are also those on the east (exterior) face
and on the
of the screen, on the columns,
east
jambs and
interior walls of the
door-way, of the outer hall.
The scenes and
on the interior walls of the pylon gate-way, on
inscriptions
the west face of the screen, and on the west
jambs of the door, of the outer
hall
are in low relief.
Bibliography of the published plans and general views of the temple of Bigeh.
Plan of Champollion, Notices
descriplives , I,
the
Facade.
169.
General view of the Temple (looking North). Fbith, Egypt and Palestine Photographed and Described, vol.
I, PI.
Sa; Frith, Upper Egypt
and Ethiopia, PI. i5.
The Island and Temple of Bigeh from Philee. Weigail, Report on
the Antiquities
of Lower Nubia, PI. XII, i.
The Facade (looking north-west). BoNOMi and Sharpe, E^pt, Nubia, and Ethiopia, Mariette, Voyage dans
la
LXI (photograph, dated 1869 -i860);
Haute-Egypte , PI. 80.
t^'
The lowers have disappeared except
— *_
In front of the king
c.
lines
:
—-
1
-^
1
,
son of Osiris
i
[given
^B
—
^^ ^Lj'"^!®^
life].
—
Re
in heaven.
/.
In two horizontal lines separating the scene from the dado
J\
]|T7?i
^iS^*'
'
« I
55
I~
v^' I
(KH^
\
give thee the duration
In front of Horus
w
57
[^°^^] o^ Abaton.
e.
:
Offering
m
|
1
1
ff
i
.
(^M^-^:^i;—
r^i^m
1
^^
1
:
--
ifli 14SJ.
1
Live the good god, running(?)[. .?.
.]
great god, lord of Abaton
his father Osiris-Onnophris true -of- voice, j
king of Upper and Lower Egypt, lord of the
Two Lands
Autokrator, son of Re,
lord of diadems Kaisaros-living-for-ever Beloved-of-Isish?
Archaeological details
:
The king. Head-dress
He
no.
1.
holds a i-vase for libation in his right and a
hand. In the latter the right •-ball of incense
is
f -censer
replaced by
^
in his left
(see
o
fig. 1).
Horus. Head-dress no. 5.
THE DADO
(Pis.
V and
Hapy and Sekhet Text. a.
VI,
—
^
Fig.
1).
carrying the usual trays of offerings.
Above and behind Hapy in three
vertical lines
Mti— o:iJic
Ck
^
^;s/^A'^^^
1 1
sic
^~.-*
© cfThe king of
Upper and Lower Egypt Autokrator has come before thee, lord of Abaton, that be
may bring
sources at his season; that be
(1'
*-^*\BS
:
nsi
Bigeh.
..
to
Osiris, great god,
thee the Nile of Upper Egypt from the two
may pour
forth the As- vases for thy ka in
V
Clearly » in botli photographs (Pis.
being a mistake of the engraver for
?
V and
VI, 1); but perhaps
Tt
1
Tt
hpty
is
intended, »
—
»
INTERIOR OF THE PYLON GATE-WAY Above and behind Sekhet
h.
:
SOUTH WALL.
in three vertical lines
>-
:
m '^^^
*=»-=^h^
has become before thee, o to thee the estate to
thee
all its
which
«The king
__
is
given
Isis
of
X
5
I
7\5
^CgM
e
Upper and Lower Egypt Kaisaros
may bring he may offer
mistress of Abaton, that he
life,
great and rich in
all
good things, that
produce.
Archaeological details
:
Hapy. Head-dress no. ih.
For the girdle see Dendur,
He
carries the usual tray
PI.
CXVUI,
upon which
two bunches of lotus-flowers. From
his
2.
is
between two
a 1- sceptre
?- vases
and
hands hang water-plants.
Sekhet. Head-dress no. i5 but with III replacing the three 4-trees. Her tray
loaded with cakes of bread upon which three birds are placed.
is
From her
hands also dangle water-plants.
The Interior of the Gate-Way. (Pis.
VH-IX.)
The South Wall.
THE FRIEZE. The
frieze consists of the
two cartouches
:
1 1 iC •
alternating with three i-ornaments.
^
i: At the west end of the
frieze is a
winged serpent
wears the ^-crown, and has i crossing
its
wings (see
There was doubtless another similar serpent
crowned with SCENE
I
m
and facing
—-
-<
upon a ran-sign;
it
PI. VII).
at the east
end of the
frieze
—
».
(PI. VII).
The king
—
> offers incense
and a
libation to Osiris-Onnophris
accompanied
THE TEMPLE OF BIGEH.
8
by
and Harpokrates. Osiris-Onnophris and
Isis
stands Harpokrates with the
Text.
Above the king
a.
:
of
j
Egypt, lord of the
Upper and Lower
—
.
Behind them
upon
laid
J?^
QIliiME)!
Two Lands
Autokrator,
son of Re, lord of diadems Kaisaros-living-for-ever Beloved-of-Ptah.
—
I
In front of the king
b.
and
:
august father that he
a libation (to) his
Above Osiris-Onnophris in three
c.
— L^/'u
^''^ ^
^^
.
,
his lips,
hand.
^ (gS^l]
^^ j
«The king
hand
finger of his right
first
in his left
and holding a 1|5^- plover
are seated
Isis
lines
T^ Lt
may be
given
55
^'Offermg incense
life. 5^
:
^-* |
^lI'I^P"^^^*®
rf
"^(
j^jj
^IJfi J
|(^
|
Utterance by Osiris-Onnophris
of Philae. true -of- voice, great god, lord of Abaton, august divine power, lord
d.
Above
in two lines
Isis
:
-^ [^ ^ ^ A "f "^^ "-"^ ^©-.J J ""^''*^ I
]
_ak&
J-©
r
Utterance by
mistress of Philae. e.
given
Isis
life,
mistress of Abaton, beautiful lady,
?)
Above Harpokrates in one
vertical
and one horizontal
line
:
->-— |
^
*
* J
J
* I
"'"''"*^
i*"l
of Osiris, lord of Abaton.
Archaeological details
^'Utterance by Harpokrates, son of Isis, son
is
broken away as
hand,
left
is
also half his body.
Bendur, PI. GXV,
cf.
the king holds a I- vase
one (^^-shaped and two ©-shaped cakes Osiris.
h.
(cf.
Upon
the offering-stand
DendHir, PI. G-XI, 3).
Head-dress no. 6 without the disk above the horn.
For the dress p.
For the
from the spout of which the libation
flows in three streams on to a T-shaped offering-stand. is
Ji^
:
censer which he holds in his
hand
n*
j^
5>
The king. His head-dress
In his right
v
cf.
Dendur, PI. GXVIII, 6,
PI. XI,
and see
also the
remarks on
6 of that work.
He
holds the usual
Isis.
j
and i\
.
Head-dress no. 18.
Harpokrates. Head-dress no. 3 with ^-lock of hair. The plaits of the lock are clearly indicated.
Round
his
neck hangs the milk-amulet
For the cloak,
cf.
BendHir, PI.
CXVIH,
(cf.
7.
Dendur, Pis.
LV and GXIV,
3).
—
»
»
WEST FACE OF THE PYLON GATE-WAY SCENE
II
The is
ARCHITRAVE.
:
9
(PI. VIII).
figures have been entirely cut
away except
king
who
protection,
life,
for a portion of the
—
standing » Text.
>-.
Behind the king
a.
and happiness behind him
%^
>-^
like
Re
-.
M
© ««
m
J
If
TTTr. A
III
.s=
-^^3
1
J=^
— "^E"*^
'^^^^
for ever!
In a vertical line behind the kine
h.
J"^
:
—
-^=*
>
:
ft^^
\\
\
«I
.
\m^
1
come
f
jft
_ A«««v^mi
^
L©J •
from the cavern
forth
always at the time of evening, guarding the places of Bigeh against the 1
enter Abaton and rest until the earth lightens.
people
cause joy to be
I
1
foes.
among
all
-n
THE DADO
(PI. IX).
The dado consisted any thing
of vertical lines of text that are too fragmentary to
make
of.
The West Face
of the
Gate-Way.
x-xvm.)
(Pis.
The Architrave.
SCENE i(^)(Pls. XI and XII).
The king
—
»
away above the Text. A"?- «
SCENE
a.
(Pis.
The king The
to a
god who
is
seated
—
*
«.
The
figures are
broken
waists.
In front of the kinff
[Offering]
II
y
^ offers
Mat {M^'-t)
:
—
to his
»-
[s^—i]
—
„»„^\^-^x,
august father that he
c=si3
may be
^
='.
given
life.
XI and XII).
offers
wine
figures are broken
'''
Restore
(^'
Above the north jamb.
parallel lo
The Temple of Bigeh.
to a
god and a goddess, both
away above the
^
of
whom
are seated
waist.
^.
a
*
—.
—
^
THE TEMPLE OF BIGEH.
10
Text. life,
:
.
and happiness] behind him In front of the king
b.
«
Behind the king
a.
[Offering] wine to
iyi^>| I ^2*^ Re
sandals like
like
Re
for ever!
-^ [fc__i]| ^/*«-a'^*
:
divinities in a vertical line
«
Ml
[protection,
-n
—
:
<
4r_-^s>^
css=i
his august father that he may be given
Behind the two
c.
"^t^'^TE!^
j^^
life.w
—-
em
^^^ foreign countries are united beneath the
'^
(stc)
for ever, w
Archaeological details
:
In front of the two deities
is
a T-shaped offering-stand
upon which are a
-f-
vase and a lotus-flower.
SCENE
III
(Pis.
The king
->
XI and XV).
—«
are seated -
>.
offers incense
The
and a
libation to Osiris
figures of the king
and
and
divinities are
Isis,
both of
damaged
whom
as in the
two previous scenes. Text. A
given b.
like
>¥•
In front of the king
a. «
—
-« :
-"^^^
^ ,*,
IT
,
^'"^^
,
—
*
""T^
=g=' w" -
Offering incense and a libation to his august father that he
may be
life, n
In a vertical line behind the divinities
f f i ^A Re for ever,
^^^
^^
:
—
»
m iXA ^^^
>-
iV^
foreign lands are united beneath the {sic^ sandals
v
Archaeological details
:
In front of^the two divinities there are the same offering- stand, vase, and lotus-flower, as in scene Osiris.
For the dress
II. cf.
that of Osiris in scene
I,
interior of pylon gate-way,
south wall, p. 8.
SCENE IV O
(Pis.
The king
XI and XV).
—- (broken away)
-<
offers
y
to a
'"
Above Ihe south jamb.
^ (Mii.Kaiii ;.....ew=:4i^Pdih
m'>
PA,
mistress of Abaton, lady, mistress of
princess in the four quarters (of the world), possessor of
according to whose
\x%s/»''
n
:
Philae, the august, the Heroine, lady in
given
who came
5?
In front of Harpokrates
d.
j^ ^^
1
^
o
[Autok]rat[or], son of Re, lord of diadems Kaisaros-living-for-ever
«
Beloved-of-Isis
W (2)
Only two horizontal
K
Abaton, august divine power within Nubia lines of text
z=s',n'. (fDas ^',w der Br-t
ist
remain
,
[T',-sIi).t^
the preceding vertical lines being broken away.
nach ihrem Befehlii (Junker).
»
.
WEST FACE OF THE PYLON GATE-WAY Archaeological details
THICKNESS OF NORTH JAMB.
:
15
:
Head-dress no. 18.
Isis.
Harpokrates. Head-dress no. 3 with side lock.
THE DADO
(PI. XIV).
The decoration
of the
dado
consists of the usual lotus-flowers
and buds growing
out of an elongated =:^.
The Thickness of
SCENE
I
away
—« stands before Re-Harakhte.
to
->
make room
was converted Text. b.
Norlh Jamb.
(PI. XVIII, 1).
The king cut
the
a.
Above
for the arch
The lower
parts of the figures are
which was inserted here when the temple
into a church (see p. 36, footnote 1).
Behind the king the
king
:
-^ ]
:
Y
«
Protection.
53
^(^^^ Two
Upper and Lower Egypt, lord
^..(SW^J]
|
«K.ing of
Lands Autokrator, son of Re, lord of
of the
diadems Kaisaros. c.
«
Above Re-Harakhte in two
lines
:
—
> j
1^ ^^ \k
T|
|
Utterance by Re-Harakhte, great god, in the midst of Abaton.
Archaeological details
^i-^
/M ^^
v
:
The king. Head-dress
no. i3.
Re-Harakhte. Head-dress no. 22. SCENES
III
II,
and IV.
Destroyed by the insertion of the arch.
THE DADO
(PI.
X,
1).
A portion of the dado
Hapy and Sekhet carrying Text. b.
«
a.
Behind Hapy
Behind Sekhet he(?)
:
preserved and contains parts of the usual figures of
is
their trays of offerings
:
^-
^-
m.T. '§-
—
-«
«
T *—'^= T '^^P
— XX^
"
"^'''-
^'ii'=^^^
the two granaries of thy majesty with
all fruits
»
—
.
THE TEMPLE OF BtOEH.
16
South Jamb.
SCENE
I
XI and XV).
(Pis.
The king
—
-
holding
>-
I
in his right
[Hr Bhdty) accompanied by Hathor, both Text.
Nw
of
hand stands before Horus of Edfu
whom
In a vertical line behind the king
a.
+
K
A««»A>^iJrl A
I
-
:
^
/
X^^"^
I
are standing
^—
y ^ J (J![j •=j-' ^j-'
>
Mv«»\*'-
•
.CI
X,
*^^
•
•
«Live the good god! Receiving the harpoon, slaying the crocodiles and the beasts
which are in the water; putting
Behind the king
b.
:
his knife in the foes of his father; piercing (?)... "
—^ V T
A
IT
happiness behind him like Re for ever!
—
"^^^ protection,
*^
i
ItrTl
life,
and
5?
^ ^ (K^r^j ^(WPT^^
-^
Above the king
c.
:
j
]
wKing of Upper and Lower Egypt, lord
of the
Two Lands
Autokrator, son o'
Re, lord of diadems Kaisaros-living-for-ever Beloved-of-Isis. d.
In front of the king in three vertical lines
J\
rtThis
harpoon which
(hippopotamus),
and thy father
it is
'''
«
*
A
bring before thee
-"s
is
:
—
^
1 / •
thy
j
Thou
Thy mother vertical
Isis is in
slays the captured
Thou
fire
gladness of heart, lines
-^
I
upon the
and one horizontal
'T' nfcl
w ^ w
-^^ti
weapon which
puttest his limbs
75
^~' '°T~' 1 4-
thy blade which pierces the crocodile.
Above Horus in two
LdU fT\^ '"
I
rejoices.
districts in the land.
e.
U(
r
>
:
slayest
him
throughout the
v
—
<
j
1^
\k'
^S
Utterance by Horus of Edfu {Hr Bhdty), great god, lord of heaven.
+'+'^";
"^f-
t
J Jt' ''ii-(BRUGscH, Worterb., 177)
For wnp see Brugsch, Worterb., aBg.
WEST FACE OF THE PYLON GATE-WAY
SOUTH JAMB.
:
17
lord of Edfu {Msny-l), Horus over the Ombite'^*, son of Osiris, the excellent heir
who
issued from
Isis,
avenger of his father in Ahaton.
In front of Horus in a vertical line
f.
iS^j
«I give thee strength like
great chief of thy people.
Above Hathor
g.
'^^
<
:
—
aIj
mine own
-n
•
^^^
self,
T
"m
thy majesty being the
5?
and two horizontal
in one vertical
lines
:
*
—
m
^""^
A
m
I
T''^'^
I
the great, lady of Dendereh, eye of Re,
1
J
! WJiml m.^f§A 1S'^Wi mm.m.\
i
I
Isis [in
\).
In front of
things c.
ff
Isis
:
<
—-
/
J'^
and one
.
.
'^
eiii¥-».
mistress of southern countries.
I
'mm. «I give thee all good
55
Above Harendotes in two
avenger of his father
vertical,
all
Isis,
and one horizontal,
lines
:
<
—•
j
i^
great god, lord of Abaton, excellent
Osiris. »
In front of Harendotes
«I give satiety to e.
.
«^^'^*p'
i
'^^
\
the midst of] Abaton,
Utterance by Harendotes, son of
A.
accompanied by Haren-
inscription above Isis only two lines, one vertical
horizontal, are preserved ^ «
to Isis
:
<
—- A
'
If 'f
people in thy time.
'
J\ ^*'*^
"'^^^ '^
jK.
"^
**^
^^
55
In two horizontal lines separating scene IV from the dado
-> :
—
....
J
'^'
A name
variant of
U
for
Arensnuphis (see Junker, Auszug der Hathor -Tefnut aus Nubicn,
(Junker).
p. 3 9).
-^
is
a
—
THE TEMPLE OF BIGEH.
20
I'l^'^^lH
Autokrator, son of Re, lord of diadems Kaisaros-
''
divine living-for^ever^ [beloved of Osiris j, the great god, lord of Abaton, august
power, within Bigeh (6^nm). Archaeological details
55
:
Head-dress no. 18.
Isis.
Harendotes. Head-dress no.
THE DADO
5.
(PI. XVII).
consists of the usual lotus-flowers
The decoration an elongated
(Pis.
The king Text.
«King
xvm, »
—
^
the
South Jamb.
IX and XVIII,
9.)
9).
worships Ptah
Above the king
a.
of
=^. The Thickness of
SCENE i(Pi.
and buds growing out
—« inside a ^-shaped shrine. |!g (Ki:r^] S^..(KTi!S£
who
^
:
stands
<
]
0' Upper and Lower Egypt, lord of the Two Lands Autokrator, son
of
Re, lord of diadems Kaisaros.:? b.
Above Ptah in a horizontal
the gods.
line
:
^-^
' f
"I'J*;
i
t
"P''*^' fattier of i
V
Archaeological details
:
The king. Head-dress
no. i3.
For the combination of
kilt
and broad
belt see Bend'&r, PI. GXVIII, 11,
and
Petrie, Decorative Art, p. 5 9.
Head-dress no. 19.
Ptah.
Ptah
is
If as usual. His sceptre
is
the regular combination of
of the shrine in front, above the cornice,
SCENES
II,
III,
and
is
lYf
•
The top
decorated with a uraeus.
IV.
Destroyed by the insertion of the arch.
THE DADO
(PI. IX).
Remains offerings.
of figures of
Hapy and Sekhet
-
>
carrying their usual trays of
—
—
SOUTH PYLON-TOWER Text,
In a vertical line behind
a.
_
U„^.^^" .
he
.
r
-
:
—
21
^'^' -^-' "=--^
«»
>-
Jw
^ T5 r—
furnishes] thine offering-table with all foodw.
In a vertical line behind Sekhet
h.
WEST WALL.
:
Hapv f"
\
:
—
»
"^^
em
^
—«—
THE NORTH PYLON-TOWER. West Wall. (PL XIV.)
now remains
All that
adjoining the gate-way. figure of a goddess (?)
of the north pylon-tower
On
who
it is
is
a small portion of a scene showing part of the
standing
—
-<
-.
Text. a. Behind the goddess in a vertical line
7*
T
f
.
Only a small portion of the frame
of this scene
is
left.
What remains
exactly like the corresponding part of the frame enclosing scenes
II
and
III
is
(see
p. 96).
COLUMN
1
(Pis.
Published
:
XXI, XXIV, and XXV).
See Champollion, Notices
descriptives,
I,
i6o, for a general description and for
the cartouches in a, and the text of b; see also L., D., Text IV, 17/1, for
Halhor
at
The
end
of b,
capital
and Denon, Voyage, 116,
2
,
for a
ing parts in columns 2 and 3 (see pp. 26-27 for a five rings,
titles
of
(upper band).
and top of the column were doubtless
below the now destroyed
name and
exactly like the correspond-
full description).
Immediately
which represent the cords that bind together
the bundle of stalks forming the shaft, are two encircling bands of inscription. a.
The upper band
consists of repetitions of the two cartouches of Ptolemy XIII,
alternating with one another, and spaced with Hathor-heads.
and heads
rest
upon rsn-signs. On
The cartouches
either side of each cartouch
is
a
uraeus
from which hangs the Q-symbol.
The cartouches are
—- Q'^^M
-< :
^P"?*
^i» ^
«Ptolemaios-living-for-
ever Beloved-of-lsis.»
([^1I*=^J'l:2::^y]|"'
rrHeir-of-the-god-who-saves Ghosen-of-
Ptah Doing-the-truth-of-Re (Living-form-of-) Amon.55 b.
The lower band
is
as follows
:^— T'^'^J^'^'
—'^M'—
-,^ji; (v;i;..^:i--yf^ T'V^1i.:::nni
'Live
the good god! Supporting heaven (gh-t), bearing up the firmament, for the
'"
See Bodge, Book of
(21
Written
^J
.
the
Kings, H, p. ii8.
»
THE TEMPLE OF BIGEH.
24
king of Upper and Lower Egypt, the king of Upper and Lower Egypt, The-
Heir-of-the-god-who-saves Chosen- of- Ptah Doing-the-truth-of-Re (Living-
Form -of-) Amon
who
Living- for- ever,
beloved of Horus of Edfu, the great
is
god, the lord of heaven.
— n— M I "^'H (IHMinHIIS ^ ^making mother
">e good god!
V
music for
Beautiful of hands with the sistrum,
his
according
to
her desire, king of Upper and Lower Egypt, Ptoleraaios-living-for-ever Belovedof-Isis,
beloved of Hathor the great, mistress of Bigeh [Snm).-n
Immediately below in
b
two vertical lines
XXI)
(PI.
—-
-^ :
J
0*
ir-D
Ai_„_
f
ccUtterance
iiiU
1 1
""^
J
11
She arrives
Osiris.
in joy
his limbs with cool
II
'^^
Ml
11^-^
I
^^ cm TT _^i1mii
-•'^
—
-III
(lit.
She gives beauty :
to
her house upon
its
four
washing) of heart, she increases their her brother Osiris, refreshing
water upon every tenth day that he
may become (?)
-ii
(PI. XXII).
Published
See Champollion, Notices descnpiives,
:
L., D., Text IV,
The king
<
i']li
—-
Khnum-Re who Text.
%
if
l/A^
people, she diminishes the foes, she gives
SCENE
%
JO
Ipet ijf-i) appears in the forecourt of her palace in drunkenness,
:
mistress of beauties (?) sides.
j
mV
™*)«
Ym
I
pillar is the following inscription
on the east side of the
a.
(a
title
of
Rhnum-Re
offers four
is
—
standing »
Perhaps we should read
(2)
s^sic"^!
(^'
'
C"'
See Griffith, Hieroglyphs, pp. hi and 49.
for
"^^|P Jc)
^^,',
Khnum-Re
only), and
(^sV-^vases^*^ to
^.
(1)
is
of
^-shaped ring-stands representing
In a vertical line behind the king
v* ='n^
i6o (head
I,
in text e).
:
—« Til
<
(Junker).
(see Brugsch, Worterb.,
tfdiminishn (Junker).
SuppL, i346).
^j|^
—
THE OUTER HALL T^ li i Born of Satis, nursed by .r
Above the king
h.
:
:
•
...
"^^
1
[••-•] j
(
of
E^pi^y
{
1 ;.-.>='!
;
55
^ U]
C:"
I
25
the erood god
« Liive
lord of the knife (?).
^, (^^
^*ifi^MP'^!^J%^^ wKing
I
!
EAST FACE OF SCREEN AND COLUMNS.
_
^
—
t^.
|
Upper and Lower Egypt, lord of (the Two
Lands) Heir-of-the-god-who-saves Chosen-of-Ptah Doing-the-truth-of-Re (Living-
Amon, son
Form-of-) of-Isis.
5'
In two horizontal lines under the king's right hand
c.
«
''^
f""^ lT| ^Purifying with four
j
(^sr-if-
In three vertical lines in front of Ptolemv^'^'
t?.
•
of Re, lord of (diadems) Ptolemaios-living-for-ever Beloved-
#^yMVMV
#
rjl
^=mj'
'
A
/MMMV
y^
~**~^ j
|
vases of water. Formula.
:
—
-
^<
•
2
—-
"<
:
II
1
A
H
jj-
1-^=^-0 |i"'--=J**7^^^« The
rests in
hklw^
Dendereh, the second comes from the
the third
is
Ubastet, the fourth
Above Khnum-Re in three
e.
fJ
I
jt
In front of
f.
^^
f31
four%.^goddesses
Chamber
The
of
first
Magics
:
—
»
>-
g.
wKing
^ll
of
in a vertical line
:
•»
>
== J x
f\
—lis
in a vertical line
:
Upper and Lower Egypt
perhaps a mistake of the engraver
(2)
Cf.
scenein,
(3)
^V
^— = '6
—
^
ftSf [
[?]
:
.
for
®
'°
The Temple of Bigeh.
was widerwartig
istu
«=*\^
.
?
.
55
.
who
purifies the sacred
of Rigeh ((Snm).w
?
rf(p. 98).
walles
east,
•
•
hawks(?) (drtyw) and their[.?.] [krr), Khnum-Re, lord
I"
?5
^f,^^ '^^ Ifk
|
1
j
purify thy body from every evil thing.
Behind Khnum-Re
[hi
^Utterance by Khnum-Re, lord of
Joo^
.
ffl
of
n
Khnum-Re
-^^kAA^^^
J\^
•
Bigeh (^Snm), august power, within the Foremost of the Nomes, god of the shining in the day-time,
'
1
They purify thy head every day.
Uto.
vertical lines
X!!^-*r^«.!^iJL«
I
is
rf
1
*
are brought before thee while thou purifyest thy form therewith.
them
-'^^
11
»
(Brugsch, Worterb., p. 169). i
THE TEMPLE OF BIGEH.
26
Archaeological details
:
The king. Head-dress
no. a.
Khnum-Re. Head-dress
no. a 4.
The frame which encloses and
at top
sides.
this
Above the torus
XXII, XXIII and XXIX), and this (see Pis. XIX,
i
scene and scene at the top is a
is
of a roll, or torus,
III consists
winged disk (see
XIX,
Pis.
surmounted by a cornice adorned with uraei
and XXIX). Outside the torus on
either side
a single papyrus-
is
reed upon the head of which rests a cobra that has entwined the stalk in
long
^-crown and
Doubtless the serpent on the north side wore the
coils.
one on the south side the
i,
^- crown
ho and
pp. 3 7 and
(cf.
Dendiir, Pis.
its
the
XXXII,
XXXIV, and LXXXVIII). COLUMN
2 (Pis.
Published
:
XIX,
See L.
,
XXlII, XXIX, and XXX).
1,
D., Text IV, 17/1 for the end of text
b.
This column and column 3 have the usual elaborate floral capitals of the period.
The
stalks of the
bundle of reeds which form the column, are actually
carved on the part of the shaft immediately below the capital. They terminate in Gve rings which represent the cords with which the bundle
is
tied.
Beneath
these five rings there are two bands of inscription encircling the column.
The upper band
a.
my
consists of repetitions of the
XIII placed side by side (resting each on the sign
22), alternating with the figure
by
^
this figure
hangs the
(not ^).
The cartouches b.
are
The lower band
^
From
^^l
^-symbol,
two cartouches of Ptole-
rsn and surmounted by
the tip of each of the f- sticks held
while the end of each stick terminates in
^ (^IlilEII^i!^!!!
:
of inscription,
is
as follows
Driving back the foe [hrw], supporting
(?)
:
C'^^MPf :^ j;l]|' *
—- T
^
ijk
ll
•
1
{hry?) heaven, king of Upper and
Lower Egypt, Ptolemaios-living-for-ever (Beloved-)
beloved of
of-Isis,
Khnum-
Re, lord of Bigeh.75 Immediately below
b,
on the east side of the
tion in a vertical line (PI.
W '^'
XXX)
See Pis.
XXV and XXX
=1 •
hrw -Feind^') (Junker).
tf
and
cf.
:
<
—•
jT|
pillar, is the
»— ^c= '^c^ "
Dendur, Pis. XXXIV, 2 and
XXXV,
1
following inscrip-
— and
,.= na^ -W-, 2.
1
—
THE OUTER HALL
earth IS
nff^l T^P
|_
I
EAST FACE OF SCREEN AND COLUMNS.
:
«
in exultation, Abaton
is
Heaven
when
COLUMN
3 (Pis.
Published
See L.
:
Column
XIX, ,
3 has
Z).,
wonder; as
in
is
for the
occupies [her] shrine
Text IV, 17/1 for beginning of text in vertical line beiow
same elaborate
the
Below the cords there
same
is
the
them,
tie
is
as follows
on column
as
column
capital as
floral
are two bands of text a and
The upper band,
—
the
n
and XXXIV).
1
treatment of the stalks, and the cords that
face »
Isis
is ill festival,
the [Place of] Truth
in rejoicing, Bigeh (-.
The lower band,
I.
:
in joy, the two (?) divisions of the world are in
is
a.
Formula
27
•ntl^'^
!!P'?'!^i*'~^ J
I
—
:
«
I
"f-^IPf ^^!i^f
—'«t«(TE
M'
who
Live the good god,
stretches out the
firmament, king of Upper and Lower Egypt, Ptolemaios-living-for-ever Belovedbeloved of Osiris, great god, lord of Abaton.
of-Isis,
Immediately below
h
a vertical line (see PI.
on the east
XXXIV)
&/ilJ"l"m^=-ii "^/Ji'l ^H I
I
I
I
:
a.
»
—
offers four
>-
Lower Egypt '"
Thes.,
I'l
t
'® I'l
"J-
is
is
5
)
Mem-
the sun in his disk, the prince (sr) of
Osiris, the
moon-god Thoth,
the prince
57
vases
Behind the king in a
:
Child of Satis,
^*''"
I
J
I T
to
i
1876, andBRUGSCif,
^Py
Osiris-Onnophris
vertical line
«^« ^ ^
'^^''"^'^S
1
5)
5
(PL XXIII).
The king Text.
the following text in
"Abaton, Bigeh, Edfu, Thebes, Dendereh, 6
of the gods, over [his] adversaries. III
is
~~ "^ (^{^^^^'A^'SX^AW
the gods, over his foes. Triumphant
SCENE
column
side of the
and ever! Triumphant
phis, for ever
n
whom
(^^^ JuiVKER,
Worterb., Suppl.,
-^^
:
-
/_|j
>
is
standing
iSf -«-
Empty
the mistress of
who
«Kmg
[
jP)
-^^^^
—
-.
^"^
Upper and
ot
nursed.
<
.
.
.[.?.].
5?
Gratnmatik der Denderatexle , S 77, 4)? Cf. Brugsch,
812,
for variations. i.
—
j
«
THE TEMPLE OF BIGEH.
28
Directly behind the king
h.
-
:
>-
^^ IB
happiness [behind him like Re for ever!].
Above the king
c.
\
^
:
':':King
!P'^!^i»'~'
|
of
j
«All protection,
and
life,
57
^J.^IlE^II^^ID
I
|
-3^
Zl.(^i
Upper and Lower Egypt, lord (of the Two Lands)
Heir-of-the-god-who-saves Chosen-of-Ptah Doing-the-truth-of-Re (Living-form-
Amon,
of-)
son of Re, lord (of diadems) Ptolemaios-living-for-ever Reloved-
of-Isis. V
In front of the king in three vertical lines
d.
c'Encircling with four «ms-f-vases of water.
before thy majesty,
members. The Selkis.
purified
«
:
j
"ip
^
* ^s=
[i i]
1
*
1
The nms-t-yase comes
These august vessels enoble they
and one horizontal
vertical
i— =r^:H--f^=
and
for
whom was made
-'Horus, Thoth, Geb,
Sepa
Rehind Osiris-Onnophris in a
scene
'''
Cf.
1^)
Paralieie
>
In front of Osiris -Onnophris in a vertical line
^^f]«fj g.
Formula
>
Utterance by Osiris- Onnophris, great god, lord of Abaton, the
Underworld (?) (dwl-tf). f.
—
T)
f^* ^« first
:
the second Nb-t-F'g, the third Sothis, the fourth
first is Isis,
ri!~i-1(iiI131t
Isis,
thy body.
purifies
Above Osiris- Onnophris in two
e.
i
it
'''
(5p?)
f").
vertical line
:
-e-—
I(?) give
:
^— ^j^
V" '^ % "^ a
them
\.
for cleansing
(?).
1
55
-^ X*=—c-H-ri
d, p. 26.
geben l(m',-nftwr
6. a.
(Junker).
to identify the four
Nh-t-F'g, Sothis, and
Selkis.
nms-i- vases with these four gods? In d they are called
—
.
THE OUTER HALL wKing
of
WEST FACE OF SCREEN AND COLUMNS.
:
Upper and Lower Egypt
:
Horus, lord of cleansing, purifying his body
with nms-
who
and with her right hand puts the -i^-symbol Text.
a.
^ j^=— J =
Behind the king in a
ccLive the
mighty of arm before
left,
to his nose.
vertical line (PI.
good god! The image his
holds his right hand in her
XXIV)
:
<
—
-
Tni^*"!
great of strength,
(^ssp-nh) of
mother, son of Re, lord of diadems Ptolemaios-living-
for-ever Beloved-of-Isis. v h.
Behind the king
behind him
like
Re
:
^—
for ever!
75
f
^
X
—
*
E
"^
^^^^^
^^^^
^"^ happiness
—
"
THE TEMPLE OF BtGEH.
30
Above the king
c.
^— iS^ % {\^'^\W^i'" ^ J
:
«
Son of Re Ptolemaios ,
living-foi-ever Beloved-of-Isis.
Above Hathor in two
d. ff
vertical lines
:
—
-
^
^
1^
j
^^^
-"^^r-
i
I
Utterance by Hathor the great, mistress of Bigeh [Sninj.-n e.
^ ^
In front of Hathor in a vertical line
^-•^-^ZZ «I put
my
for thee
I
Two
thy body, o lord of the /.
t of
Behind Hathor in a
life
Lands.
»
:
^
^
into thy nostrils,
jf^'''^^
health and
P*"^^^^
A
stability [into]
55
XXV) :^-"lltif^^=j^|*,Ti1
vertical line (PI.
^'-= i~^'^f4"^^^[>3>^' — ^- rrQueen
'
Upper and Lower Egypt
Wosret
:
in
Dendereh, beautiful of countenance,
with the four faces, great in the south, mighty in the north, ruler in the east
and west, Hathor
the great, mistress of
Archaeological details
:
The king. Head-dress
He wears a broad left
hand he holds
Bigeh (^{S)nm).v
no. 2.
belt as well as a kilt (cf. Dendur, PI.
CXVIH,
1
1).
In his
and /i.
[
Hathor. Head-dress no. 17.
Immediately below
this
scene are a a line of text in large hieroglyphs, and h
a band of decoration consisting of empty cartouches between hawk-headed lions. a (Pis. VI, 2 and XXV). In a horizontal line "
m\\^^'^i'%\
^^^^
^^
&^o^ E^^
'
The
Above each cartouch, which
on
lions sit
^-^B^-signs placed each
side of the cartouch lion
is
SCENE
a sceptre
II
(1'
M,
^
00
55
rests
above
upon a r^n-sign,
^.
The
lion
:
-
on the north
H r^n-
the one on the south side JjL., In front of each
composed of the combined signs j'V"
^
—- comes out of the royal residence (symbolised by i
See Griffith, Hieroglyphs, p. 36. One side of the | as well as the top
decorated with
^
is
XXVI).
(PI.
The king
wears
— '^1ill:^»^|
Uniting with Hathor, enlarging
[Ptolem]aios-living-for-ever Beloved-of-Isis. h (Pi. VI, 2).
:
|
-ornaments.
is,
j
to
go
to
in our example,
-
.
THE OUTER HALL him
the temple. In front of
burning incense Text.
(cf.
WEST FACE OF SCREEN AND COLUMNS.
III, Pi.
^m
I
making a way
his
in three horizontal lines
'""^
f#f
J
I
:
—-
-,
''" '
j
\4/
making music (?)
house
l|^
-<
who
is
« i
« W^
he son
ot
him
in front of
him, while the standards (^blmwY^^ clear (the
for
<
XXVIII, and L., D., IV, 71, a).
1^ —*^
comes forth from
31
—
are two standards preceded by a priest
Above the standards
a.
Re
scene
:
,
road)'^'. w (3)
T
I
Aw^^
J -^^^
j^
« 1
1
1
1
f^
Wepwawet
power
of the north,
of heaven. Thoth, twice
great, lord of Hermopolis. »
In front of and between the two standards in three vertical lines
c.
1
^=i#
J
wbS'S
tf
Utterance bv the Tillar-of-his-mother'
Great House, and censes the Uraeus-goddess [Vr-t^-n
and
Nsr-t-n
«Thy way
1
near [thee]
enemies
(?).
Above the scene in a horizontal
d.
I
who
I
—
<
w
cleanses the
«Ulterance by the Shmty
?
clear unto earth in Bigeh; there are
is
['-'^Y^]
1
:
no impurities
55
line
:
<
—- ^'^ XoTii/
j>^_|^^^^^^J^(«J^iwJ(,,
,The king
of
Im'^^'^^^^ U^per and Lower
Egypt, shining in the red crown, beautiful of appearance in the double diadem (^shmty),
coming
forth from the purification to the shrine of his mother, perform-
ing the ceremonies
(1'
Cf.
j]
after
^
...-«»j
^^^
{hhnw)
way unto her abodei. Brugsch,
clear her '^'
^
{ir iht) for his father, n
This sentence has been
left
^
V^^^
-=> i^
c:
priests carrying standards
Worterh., 43o.
incomplete by the sculptor for lack of space; there
is
no lacuna
^. Wepwawet
of the South,
power of the Two Lands
'3'
Cf.
'*'
See Sethe, Zur Sage vom Sonnenauge, p. 10-12 (esp. footnote
'•'•'
Restore to
\/^**^^f T [
3? H i iv. '^'
The
©
is
•
m
r'
ft
wl-t-k
^*r
P
[rl
w',-t= Copt. r-^Y")? ^^^
C^R^scH, W6rterb., 85i).
shaped something
like
#
*^^'
^
2 ! ^
on
1^
(L., D., IV, 71,0).!?
p. 11). 1
^^^x^'^^T' ^"^
—
THE TEMPLE OF BIGEH.
32
Archaeological details
:
The king. Head-dress
He wears CXVIII,
PI.
and
the usual short kilt combined with 1
1).
in his left a
ibis
The
are of the regular form, long poles terminating in a
J^, and
in the other
j^He
«Pillar-of-his-Mother53.
offers a
^-pot of incense. He
panther skin in the usual fashion; his figure
Above
DendUr, PI. LI),
(of.
T-mace and the -ih-symbol.
perch, and surmounted in the one case by a jackal
by an
a frieze (PI.
e is
of the screen. is
a broad belt (of. Dendur,
In his right hand he holds a long |-staff
The standards. They
"^-
no. 2.
It
is
clothed in a
much damaged.
is
XXVI) corresponding
on the east face
to the cornice
consists of the following designs. In the centre resting
on
^^
a large disk with a winged scarab in the midst. This scarab grasps the
symbol
Q
in
its
hind
Above the larger disk
feet.
is
a smaller one flanked with
pendant uraei, and furnished with wings that droop down on either side of the larger disk. that
The uraeus on
on the south
side the
the north side wears the
M- crown
the wings near each uraeus
At either end of the
the south end the of
Ptolemy
XIII.
WH'^ilV} ^^itt3j
|-
•
end wears the
M-crown. Both snakes
On
^0^^ cartouches are surmounted by
:
coiled through a
^- crown,
in front of the northern snake
That in front of the southern snake
the north side
is
Q.
and the one
at
protect with their wings a cartouch
Between each cartouch and the central design a.
Lower Egypt,
Upper Egypt. Laid transversely upon
winged uraeus whose body
at the north
The cartouch
of
a S-feather, the quill of which terminates in
is
frieze is a
Q- symbol. The uraeus
of
^-crown
is
:
is
:
-
>
(YR^
^^ (viHi^*^'!
JE. is
a vertical line of text, a
-^ '^^"HIZ'^I^^Tf '^^=^^
and
b.
"Horus
of Edfu, great god, lord 0? Msn-t, dappled of plumage, rising in the horizon, b.
Onthesouthside:^-'^^"|[^^f.^^=^
^lorus of Edfu,
great god, lord of heaven, dappled of plumage, rising in the horizon,
COLUMN
2 (PI.
w
v
XXVII).
The north-west
side of this
column
is
decorated with four pairs of genii or
1
.
THE OUTER HALL
demons arranged one above
WEST FACE OF SCREEN AND COLUMNS.
:
the other,
commencing
the screen and continuing almost as far
down
33
at the level of the top of
as the top of the
dado on the
adjacent wall.
Row
1
.
Text.
jackal-headed genii »
>-
—
-
:
"^^
>-
T1JH
^^Nb-nh-w',s (Lord-of-life-and-happiness), great god, in the
I
"^^^^
of
il-t
55
In front of the hindermost in a vertical line
b.
^dwy (Slasher), great god,
J
—
In front of the foremost in a vertical line
a.
•n Osiris.
— Two
in the
house of
—
:
Sm^
M
C-3
U
1
I
Isis.»
IBCHAEOLOGICAL DETAILS
The foremost demon holds
a
^v^-knife in his
hand, the hindermost
left
holds one in either hand.
Row
— Two
2.
ox(?)-headed genii
Text. a. In front of the foremost in a vertical line
—
J "][>-
r>
Each demon holds a N^^-knife .
—
-faced?), great god, in his il-t.v
(
Infrontof the hindermost in a vertical line
vKl(l^-'msnf, great god
»
:
and
*< in their right,
hand.
hsmn natron, '
5
—
—
.
THE TEMPLE OF BIGEH.
34
Row
— Two human-headed
h.
Text.
a.
:
-
>.
In front of the foremost in a vertical line
^*''B i^V
:
—
-
Jf»\
>-
-house.
(Slasher), preat god, in the -
In front of the hindermost in a vertical line
b.
:
—
>-
^ ^
J
^ ^
1
-^^^
1
5;
ii!l
J
ll'^^^l
*»
great god, in Philae {Hl-Hnl).n
ff'ji/,
Archaeological details
:
The foremost demon has
a
'^- snake on
hand. The hindermost,
his left
holds 1 in his
column
the
genii
$
and
left,
see Pis. XXVII,
XL and
DendHir, Pi.
COLUMN
3 (Pis.
who perhaps
in his right
head and
his
carries a
X^- knife
in
has a uraeus on his forehead (?),
hand. For the decoration at the base of
XXIX, and XXXVI,
1,
and
cf.
Pis.
XXXVI,
and
2
XXXIV.
XXXIX and XL).
The south-west
side of this
column,
like the north-west face of
column
2
,
is
decorated with genii or demons in four rows.
Row
1
Text.
-w^p
,
a.
Cf
him
In front of
genius only
in a vertical line
—
-
<
:
—•
->
1^**^
,1^3=^
,
j
f^
vertical line
I
j
and a
bit
:
^
—-
Archaeological details
2.
damaged Text.
^
—
a.
is
Two
—
-«
^[J^ (1)
—
1^
j
1 '"^^^^ ..
1
»
|^.-
comes out,
Pillar- of-his- Mothers?
Text.
a.
from the royal residence, preceded
as in scene II,
{In-mw-t-f) and the jackal- and ibis-standards.
Above the standards
in
two horizontal lines
:
»
>
J\ %#^ •
j
(^~^HiJ!fiiT^-
offers
Archaeological details
He
is
SCENE
I.
A king Text.
stands a.
(cf. PI.
<
—
-.
VII)
and holds the /i-whip and?-crook.
—
^ with hands uplifted in adoration.
Above the king
L;^,Jv—«^^
:
>—>
%{Q|f
"Opening j
V
'"
seated
7.
j
b.
is
effaced.
Head-dress no.
mummiform
who
:
The king. Head-dress Osiris.
to Osiris
j^
S'y-t ((Primaeval goddess n.
Blank (^
]|
(at) even.
J
55
^
» ^Blank
—— .
THE ENTRANCE TO THE OUTER HALL Archaeological details
Text.
stands »
—
»-
The
Above the king
a.
—
stands -
>-
—
»
:
Upon
f
^0^%
TBlankJI.
V—i .g= -g^||
Opening
«
noon.w
at
9.
:
—
-
:
is
1
no.
I
to
-^
O
:
1
« "«
Heaven
the right eye.
earth.
The
The Temple of Bigeh.
is left
^j0% (iianP
Opening
at
.
dawn,
w
it
XXXI)
(PI.
'^PTi r I
projects
III
-A-
O
beyond the east face of
in a vertical line
—
The moon upon
is
rising
secret until
and
-^^
mystery; the
left
setting.
I
its
its
~7V
day exactly;
Thou
>
m.
r-
rejoices in possession of
-
:
art
all its
Shu, shining
Re, rejoice thou! Thoth has come forth in triumph; the
The king beloved
inscription
?
rr
1
jamb where
sacred eye has come to him, to (dhh-t-s).
|0f (^Blank^
1
functions {nfw) are established
and
j
two previous scenes.
:
|(?)
the following inscription
III
joined
attitude as in the
j^ V—
>
the south side of this
column 3
f"
iSf (Blank Jj
ifc.
^
same
Above the king
a.
The king. Head-dress
is
j
in the
Archaeological details
eve
"
I.
:
In front of the king
nn
-
attitude as in scene
III.
Text.
-I
:
Head-dress no.
king.
A king
.=
same
in the
Archaeological details
h.
41
no. 2.
In front of the king
SCENE
SOUTH JAMB.
:
II.
A king
h.
EAST FACE
:
:
The king. Head-dress SCENE
—
I
its
master.
He has furnished
of the gods founding'^)
it
with
its
»
incomplete. 6
offering
THE TEMPLE OF BIGEH.
42
The Thickness of
South Jamb.
the
XXXV.)
(PI.
THE CORNICE.
The same
on the corresponding north
as
side.
THE PROJECTION.
A king—> squatting Text. b.
life, c.
offers'
two #-vases
to Isis
and Harendotes, both of
—«.
Above
Above the king Isis in
:
Tsiank
two vertical
mistress of Abaton.
.
lines
:^— ijj^i'^'^'j^rfl©
vertical lines
-< :
—j
dotes, son of
Isis.
1
I
Her head-dress rests
is
no. 12.
the usual female coiffure with
on her knee, she holds a short
Harendotes. Head-dress no.
two
^
J
%
'^haren-
:
The king. Head-dress
in
—
^kT|^
55
Archaeological details
hand, which
"'^^^ ^^^^^
55
Above Harendotes in two
Upon
are
<
a.
Isis.
whom
a
—- and
>
on top
:
— j-
In ber
-sceptre.
5.
the thickness of the south
vertical lines
j
jj
jamb below
b »
—
>-
(PI.
the projection,
XXXV)
:
a.
c4-^
is
H
j
an inscription -^m^ ujtj
^
l
good god, beloved of the great god lord of Abaton, the goodly youth who came forth
from Nut, prince
[bily) of
Lower Egypt,
(jty) of
gods, king {ny-swt^ of Upper Egypt, sovereign
ruler {hkl) of the
uraei while in his mother's
womb,
Underworld
(spt igr-t), lord of the
shining of beams in the evening.
55
»
THE ENTRANCE TO THE OUTER HALL
(
STTT
'
^
fl^
!
!^ It 3
^^
Horus
two Crown-Goddesses, the people
DOORWAY
INTERIOR OF
:
goodly youth
,
(rhy-t)
and
his
:
NORTH WALL.
sweet of love
,
,;
whom
,
ka advanced; he adored
iS
the
Khnum
the august in order to receive for himself a crowning with the double diadem
sacred of splendour with the living Apis, king of Upper and Lower Egypt,
master of
feats (ir \h-t), son of
Re, lord of diadem(s) Ptolemy XIII.
The Interior of the Doorway. (Pis.
XXXI-XXXUI and XXXV.)
The walls are decorated with is
a cornice
which
as
,
we have already seen
a continuation of the cornice of the jambs on the east face of the doorway.
It
is
ornamented with the usual ribbing imitating palm-sticks, interspersed
with the cartouches of Ptolemy XIII. Each cartouch
^.
surmounted by
is
projects
The
on the nn-symbol and
separated from the cornice by the torus,
frieze,
beyond the surface of the wall below and forms the rudimentary archi-
trave, or projection, above the PI.
rests
XXXVI,
1
and
jambs on the west
face of the
doorway (see
These jambs unlike those on the east face of the doorway
2).
have no thickness or reveals, these being in the same plane as, and forming
one with, the interior walls of the doorway. Both the north and south walls are decorated with eight rows of Pis.
five repetitions of the
group of symbols
f
t1
(see
XXXIII and XXXV). The North Wall.
THE FRIEZE
—« seated —
A king are of
(Pis.
<
XXXI and XXXII). Horus of Edfu accompanied by Hathor, both of
offers f| to >-.
whom
Behind the king are two kneeling male figures; the foremost
whom
has ^\%, the hindermost A
Text.
a.
Above the king
b.
Above Horus in a
c.
Above Hathor
:
»
Archaeological details
:
T Blank
vertical line
—
»
('),
above his head.
J. :
»
—
>-
iK,^^ Horus ff
of Edfu.
w
^
:
The king. Head-dress Horus. Head-dress no.
no. 2. 5. 6.
—
.
THE TEMPLE OF BIGEH.
liU
Hathor. Head-dress no. 17.
The two kneeling
Head-dress no. 20.
figures.
The South Wall.
THE FRIEZE
(PI.
A king «—>
^—
.
XXXV).
offers
f
1 to
Behind the king are two kneeling male
foremost
is
!^,
«
c.
:
all life
Above
and happiness
Osiris in
two
-
:
Isis in
>
august father,
to his
:
<
—•
are seated
Above the head of the
.
s_i T
'^ — ^
v
I'MJ
J
1 a«»««a
|
""^^"f J©
ff
Osiris,
??
two vertical lines
:
<
—j
life,
whom
J
vertical lines
great god, lord of Abaton.
Above
figures.
]
j
d.
both of
v-^ I0f (BlaakJ \l^ % ( Blank J
In front of the king in a vertical line
Offering
Isis,
above the head of the hindermost %.
Text. a. Above the king b.
accompanied by
Osiris
J
h-^^^^
1
qoO»«
«Isis given
mistress of Abaton.w
Arc HAEOLOGICAL DETAILS
The king. Head-dress Osiris. Isis.
Head-dress no.
Head-dress no.
The two kneeling
1
no.
1
7.
7 without uraeus.
Head-dress no. 20.
figures.
The West Face. (Pk XXXVI,
1
and
2
-XL.)
North Jamb.
Upon
the edge of the
jamb
(PI.
XXXVII), outside the torus,
is
an elongated
surmounted by a cobra crowned with the ^-diadem of Lower Egypt. The snake entwines the whole length of the stem in its coils (cf. p. 87, PI. XXIX). I
THE CORNICE.
The same
as
on the east face (see
p.
87).
—
»
..
THE ENTRANCE TO THE OUTER HALL THE PROJECTION
— squatting »— A king
<
(PJ.
WEST FACE
:
NORTH JAMB.
:
45
XXXVIl).
with hands uplifted in adoration kneels before
who
Isis
is
>-.
Text.
Above
b.
life,
Above the king
a.
Isis in
two
:
—• MBJank j
^<
vertical lines
:
»
>
i
nT^^ ^•f
J
|
mistress of Abaton.55
Archaeological details
:
The king. Head-dress
no. 10.
Head-dress no. i8(?).
Isis.
She holds a short
J- sceptre in
her hand which rests upon her knee.
Below the projection on the jamb are two (PI.
XXXVII):
m r^ '^^
^11"^^^—^;
J\ —**—
^^
«
Utterance
:
the sanctuary of Isis given
©1
[
.
.
?
.
.
may
is
her body, pure
pure are her ornaments, pure
is
that
is
purify] (s[w'b-f?J)
pure are her people,
],
members
the(stc) shrine, pure are her bones, pure are her
two fingers (?), pure
of inscription
Thoth twice great, lord of Hermopolis,
her
life
lines
vertical
cleansing everything with his hands, coming forth [that he
her.
is
.
pure
is
[h'w), pure are her
which belongs
her house, pure
1
.
,
to
her
(^iry-sj(J^,
[pure
pure
every road upon which she journeys.
is]
Immediately below the inscription, and forming a dado,
Thoth
—
>-
Text. «
given
^'^^^^ Ipi*""
a.
pouring water out of a l-vase
Above Thoth
in a horizontal line
Utterance by Thoth twice great b.
ID
In front of Thoth
There
is
no room
:
for -«-
(PI.
^ ^° under
:
XXXYI,
a scene representing
1). '/iz/z/fy/
—
»
is
>-
1^
)
l^lS;^^J
n
jb>5^>5^>5^
J before ^
^^^"^^
'
^°"'
'^"^''•''
'////^z/^
—
THE TEMPLE OF BIGEH.
46
Archaeological details
:
Thoth. Head-dress no. 26.
Upon column
the north side of this
jamb where
it
projects
2 is the following inscription in a vertical line (PI.
l|'(?)|T|^"^-=>-H-"V-^
'*"-•>;
The doors
back of Geb, these gates of the abode of
Isis
sanctuary [hm-t-s)
is
adorned with gold
with their things by clever fingers
XXXVIII)
-<
:
—«
*^® gate-way of the temple,
''
the folding doors (jptsw) of the sanctuary.
filled
beyond the west face of
who
[s'^wy),
is
of the horizon
given
in order to enlarge the sanctuary of his mother.
[. .?. .].
Her
overlaid with gold (kdm),
There are
(?).
life
upon the
pillars
beneath them
y>
The South Jamb'-^K
THE CORNICE
The same
(PI.
squatting
»
>
—-
<
2).
on the north jamb.
as
THE PROJECTION
A king
XXXVI,
(PI.
XXXIX).
with hands raised in adoration kneels in front of Osiris so
:
(Blank
:
?
TBlank
j
«
Above
Osiris in
two vertical lines
Osiris, great god, lord of
Archaeological details
:
<
—
-
J. 1
I
"1"" "1 1
'"^O
1
"^
* /!jrl
Abaton.w
:
The king. Head-dress Osiris.
is
|J.
Text. a. Above the king b.
who
no. 10.
Head-dress no. 6
(?).
Immediately below the projection in two vertical lines (Pis. XXXVI, 2 and
LJbJ
(1)
Upon
the edge of the
jamb an elongated
and the surmounting serpent wears the
4|f-
iotus-flower replaces the papyrus stem (see p. UU),
crown.
—
»
THE DEMOTIC GRAFFITI OF bIgEH.
/i7
m'^rr„:,-ry-r::^-cm7::ir "lo
"^ 1
|(?)
™ ^H
(1
''^
n n
A
^ =^-^
(?)
[Bhdty), great god, lord of heaven. Pure Osiris lord of Abaton, pure
pure
Utterance bv Horus of Edfu
[pure]
is
his temple, pure is his palace,
is
the shrine(?) of
is
pure
is
his throne,
his chapel [hd), pure are his amulets, pure are his bandages, pure
is
his collar,
pure
Below
a.
carry him, pure
is
is
[his]
v
.]
—
Horus
this inscription is a scene representing
pouring water out
-
-<
XXXVI,2).
of a j-vase(Pl.
Text.
who
his body, pure are the priests
is
minister(?)[. .?.
«
«
Above Horus in a horizontal
line
:
—•
^
im \k
-^^
1
*
"^^^
1
Utterance by Horus of Edfu, great god, lord of heaven.
b.
In front of Horus
Archaeological details
:
^-^
f^\^^)r%)r%')r%'^
'^^''^
^^"^
•
^^e^""
:
Horus. Head-dress no. 21.
Upon column
i
the south side of the 3
is
_Ld
*
Mai *= ^
1
I
1
I
i
I
projects
•ra ^-jIIc-di-
'""^
9^ —»— J
of the horizon, the hall of heaven Osiris, are built (V/s) of
Syria
it
beyond the west face of
XL)
the following inscription in a vertical line (PI.
\\i
J
jamb where
wood
«
i
Utterance
upon
:
i
i
i
i
i
J
i
J
>
i] |/*w«\ 1,^^^^
the divine doors of the erates
earth, the great doors of the places of
of the garden
by the hands [..?..]
-rr- 1
-
:
(^'w
n
hnt),
wrought with copper of
horizon [..?..]
v
THE DEMOTIC GRAFFITI OF BIGEH BY
The
graffiti of the
Philae. Although
little
F. LL.
GRIFFITH.
Bigeh temple cannot compare in interest with those of
remains of the temple, the survival of the main door-
ways has preserved a considerable number of
but they are short,
ill-
engraved, and in poor condition, and, until the exhaustive researches of the
last
graffiti,
few years, had not attracted the attention of any
copyist.
Upon
the magnificent
photographs of the scenes and hieroglyphic inscriptions made by the expedition
THE TEMPLE OF BIGEH.
48
Academy
of the Prussian
the
demoik
are
graffiti
scale,
and
all that I
can
shewn on a minute
Mr. Blackman made squeezes of most. The following notes are gather from a brief study of these materials.
No.
In the thickness of the south
1.
jamb
V and
of the pylon gate (see Pis.
VI, i) two or three small graffiti can be detected.
On
No. 2.
Horus
and
XIV)
(PI.
No. 3.
the west face of the north jamb, between the heads of
On
is
sl
the west face of the south
Horus 1/
*.*^
1/ '
"^^ i
1
No.
'"'U/r'iJ
v/'^ J No.
Graffito
No. 5.
On
li.
Isis of
Abatop)
.
.
on the east face of the screen
much I,
*''^--'
j£_l/C/ r.
of the king in scene III (PI. XXIII)
lOU..
1
luOJ
-"^
^jp
XXIX) are four
^'o Y'A^ ^A ^y'//^^
lines
pwer,
tpt
^
(^
n * i/o
''^^
are seen in the
^^
f'
v^^^ ^n
'
Graffito
r
^ Cw^
\^it\^^ ^
name
is
No.
6.
following lines. In front ofthe head ofthe next figure
below
is
one line «Pshenthof.
No. 7.
On
this entrance,
(PI.
XXXII)
The
is
.
the north side
w, cf.
of the
no. 3.
passage of
(?)
kneeling behind
him
a graffito of 7 lines well preserved
salutation of
j^^
Pakhnum
»
:
son of Harpaesi son
of Harheri son of Panasht (?)
and Esmet p-wer(l) the hierogrammat
.
between the standing figure of the
^'"^ ^^^ *^® goddess
«
J^jg^^
'
rrEsmet-05j and the groups
.-
J5C-1 r'^ /-- ->
.
2.
.•_il
The Pylon and Terrace
after Restoration (April 19 10).
BIGEH.
Plate
Gate-Way of Pylon
:
East Face
:
South Jamb
:
Scenes
III
and IV
IV
BtGEH.
Plate
Gate- Way of Pylon
:
East Face
:
Thickness of South Jamb
:
Scenes
III,
IV and Dado.
V
Plate
BiGEH.
c75
o c o
Q
o
U
3
o
o -a
3 O
(J-,
Oh
O
O
VI
BiGEH.
Plate VII
3 O to
o
O
BIGEH,
Plate VIII
Gate-Way of Pylon
:
Interior
South Wall
:
Scene
II.
BIGEH.
Plate
o
-a
3
O c/2
c
O
IX
Plate
BIGEH.
I.
Gate- Way of Pylon
2.
:
West Face
Gate-Way
:
Thickness of North Jamb
of Pylon
.
West
Face.
:
Dado.
X
BIGEH.
Plate
XI
3 O -a
a
o
-a
a
T3
C
Ph
a o >. a,
o
BIGEH.
Plate XII
B
o
Z
a
o o
a
Plate XIII
BIGEH.
Gate- Way of Pylon
:
West Face
:
North Jamb
.
Scene
II.
BIGEH.
Plate
Gate-Way of Pylon
:
West Face
:
North Jamb
:
Scenes
III
and IV.
XIV
BIGEH.
Plate
XV
c ty-i
E 3
O in
n _o
^j-i
o
O
Plate
bIgeh.
Gate-Way
of Pylon
:
West Face
:
South Jamb
:
Scenes
II
and
III.
XVI
Plate
BIGEH.
Gate-Way of Pylon
:
West
tace
:
South Jamb
:
Scenes
III
and IV.
XVII
BIGEH. Plate
\:^i*-
\
XVIII
BIGEH.
Plate
I.
Outer Hall
2.
Outer Hall
:
:
East Face of Screen and Solumns.
West Face
of Screen and Columns.
XIX
BIGEH.
XX
Plate
'if V
F^
5
w
si^'
ill.
'^^"^ .
"^
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