The Sumerian and Ural-Altaic Elements in the Old Slavic Language - Csőke Sándor

SSndor CSOKE

The Sumerian and Unal-Altaic elements in the Old $lavic languaEe

1979

9py:t

g!J_!v

:

-"6 (contractlon) a) nomen actorls: voEd6 = leader slra\6 = guard pladA = crylns, elc.

csdke-Botos

Learned, cducated

the Engllsh lanegaqe itongoll;rn grannar

Lrt trto form nouns deslgnatlng possesslonl ln aoocthlngil ".. 6.

The sufflxos:

iiongollan:

eonnectlon wlth

-lEtn, -fitn - norren actorls! krlrrfdln - steersman ktnl$dln - Llteratc -6ln - nonen actorls kapuSln - gate quarrl (Hung: kapu6r) rutu8ln - messenqcr (ttune: rut6$ pt6lEln - gecretaryr clerk, efic.

6r

containmcnL

-I0-

-11-

Csdke-Botos

dlg- ' 11"

c.8.

7.

agentis suf.fix : _tel{a : dtla - work ; dBla _ tet{a = worker krCsti = christen: kr'sti-te16= chrlstenine oudi = teach : oull-tel4= teacher 'lhi.s is the fonnation of the elements in a suffix_eluster: It consists of the -t whieh ls thc causative verb and the -1 whtch is bhe noun suffix, and which has an ldonLieal neaning in arr of the agqlutinatlvc Norren

01d Slavic

languagcs.

a) the -t causative

suf f

Old Turklsh: Turklsh: Hun3ar"ioo

uqYt- = teaeh, lnstruct

okut- = u.s. oktat = u.s.

r

Cheremiss: 'l

lx:

EuiSt f Trrnguslanl Ja/ -Ei am+d ' conre (has come) diarn-wEa - takenr bought 01d Slavlc: zna-v,gJ - cf. above .".

-Iar/-Ie! -Iaf-Ie e.g. Llterary llongollan: yabu-lu{e = laft, ilkii-le-gel - dted

Fron theec faets rc can aoncLudc that the forms prasentcdu*&r polnt a). cxprcss ectlvc ectlon, vhereao undcr polnt b). thoy are passlvc. Wlth the tanguagc comparl.son, $c can solre thc aa norphologlcaL connectLons of the 01d Slavie tenscso".

ean be found

In WrLtten Mongolian thls comblnatlon cari also be found: yabu-fsa-far = tho onc who alreariy ]eft, Xhal-kha-Mongol.lan yaw-s6r = u.s.

The Pest tcnre AdJectlveL Vorbel t'loun (PasN Partl.el.plc)

of the Tun$ralen

L,SOK.-t-JOLo3

combj.natlon: -{san/ -gsen, perfect noun e.8. yabu-fsan - who arrived,

The slgns are3

hel"p

-ol-

yrt

umcsolvcd

nede-l-ii-i? I*r al"kha-Mongo

Kalmuck:

ll

an

di.d he/she

Yawa-lf = left

- u.s. bl-lE = been bi-fil = has he

yow-1-d

been?

know?

.6tr-

caSkc-Eotoa c

Blelfeldt nont.lons , Op. Ctt. po 228e that thfu auffLx la ldentieel to th. adJcctlve sufflx -1% c tn Old SlavLe. r.8. gnl-lrl - rottsn ztbr'i-lr?o

.

rlpG

Therc connectlons elso exlst ln the agglutlnatl,ve Languagesr [ongoll.ant tent-l - aequdlitddo ltnown Chuwashl

tufu-l - eslf I to celvc xir-lD-red:flirshcd

Turklsh:

osa-l-bad:ncgl.ected

y*r1-rl sevgl-ltr

reglsterod lovcd, ctc"

-

that i.nportan0 auffh and lts atmcture ls not of, but i.t belongo to the aqglutlnatlvc l^anquagca end ls llngulstlcall;r chsract,erlstic of thcn. Thc language v?rlch ts oalX.rd trOld Slavlcn cannot bc of Indo-Duropaan orlgln becausc lta ttrueture ls ldentlca} to bho egglutl.natl"ve X.anguagea& Consequently Indo-European orlgln

5. Passlve Preterltc PartlclPle. Old SLevic: e.8.

ved-en'16

AdJoctlvaX. Vcrbal- lJoun.

!r0ld Slavlcr'; e"8.

nero-frl/fr

OId Turklsh:

l.lordvlnian:

Cherendss: Korean:

Turklsh:

notr"l-nlb = bc8gcd vedo-7tl1' - l.d ptJe-m% - wr!.ttcn yaz-ma - wrltLen

old l\rkishl ChcrcnLsa:

c.8.

-m%

*

takan

as-ma - hangcd, hun6 kfis-ni ' cuO bar-nna o passcd, Loft tcno-n$ - f'l"lled rudlo * cmtu notched

-

1ed

re6-en? = sald

Old Sl-avlc:

lr. Thc Prosent Tense PessLfr

'ntlo, -antTor'en'(a nes-en! = takcn

Turklsh:

Hungarlan:

tol-un tiig-iitr kado-fi pala-6 kando-r{ pul-n6 Eug-ln sa-n

- fullr fllled - knotr knotted * lefLr abandoned = kisscd

-

broughL

= been = dead = shoppedr etc.

4V raspnr -t'6 - stretched otlt kl,q|-trA * eursed t*r-t4r = harvasted povl -t tlp - rolled uP siipr-intii * garbage, svrapL kur-untu - concelted bula-ntY - disturbcd r mixed uP kifesz{tett = stretched out 6tkozoLt = cursed bek6pzett = concelbedr etc. ,II{E SUPIN!]

Old Slavie: e.g.

-L

@

viat-t% = in order to see Iovi-t'la = ln order to eaLch O-da = in order to become Tungusian: Sufflx cl-uster: taj-d$J = Lo read tik-t{ = to fal-lr etc. This suffix ls not, of Inrto-European origin eiLher'

sdke-BoLos

-.ti4:

caSltc-Botor

-BJ-

csdkc-Botos

I?ts PRSTIIES The language rhlch Suncnlan and HungarLan. OLd

Slavtcr r/ b/

k callcd r0ld Slavlcr

ur6c pn

vG- - ln

O]d Sl_avlc,

v{n- . in (rlth rorelc) po- r to

Sumerlan: Hungarlan:

e.g.

cxsmplast

"/ Hungarlan: Suncrtan;

llungarlanl llungarlan: SunerLan: Hungarlant

b/ llurgerlant Suncr{.ant

llungarlenr

rf -vectl i to lcad lrr bc -vozeL - u.i. ba-a-tu - to drrop ln bc-t6rt - u.s" va-ie{w-bllghtflrc ta-gr(1t - rtrlo b{-ct-rt r he putr it ln va@-vfbtt . to put ln bc-dug - eolc 1'o-mazati

Sumerlan: IlungarLan: Hungarlan: Hungarlan:

thcrc

- to annolnt

bc-kcn; bc-oizol - u.a. n6-U{-ric. hc guldcd thr rhlp ln Uc-{r6rrfft . to guldc ln

po-mrdlnttl - to frccac bc-falpr r g.g. $uncrLanr ba-gln r hc rsnt there po-ouEati - lnstruct Hungarlanr be-tanft - u.r. Suh*lan! ta-nl-s( - he sprlnklcd it onto lt, Hungarianl be-az6r, negsl6r, stc. r cprlnkle Thc Sunerlan-Hungarl-an ldentleallt;rt ba-, bfba-/b.- oo, Hungarlant

flxo, llk6

Phonetlcs: b) v and b) p .., I belleve that the identlcality cannot be denled. called rrold Slavtc? is an agglutlnatlve language ... ou- = away, from

alel- ... Phonetics: I), ... ou-rtzatl = to cut off al-bal-bal - break ol-tbrte ou-krestl- - steal el-lop r 616s1 ou-m16 knfttt - to grow dunb eL-n6mu1 = to grow dunb (stlent) ou-chodltl - le&ve, go away

HungarLant

e]-negy o lcaye

Sumsrl_en!

al-t11

Hungarlan:

etd5l=to fall

Sunerlan:

aI-hebb-a

Hungarlan:

e]-rothadt - rotten

SuncrLen:

al-hu1-hul

Hungarlanl

e1-6tkozott - cursed., etc.

The language

o66=

Cc6lo-Botoc

_81-

u 9o

K

e-bo

r.o 3

PHONETIC HISTORT

Surnerlan:

- }ord g1!, geJ, 29612 = man, lord, prlnce,

OId Slavlc:

lgo = yoke

01d SIaILle: The Congonants.

Thc

lnltlaL

and

final

g-sourd

of thc root,"

cf. Iatln:

Slavlcs Scrbo-Croatiant Old

tha rootr

cf"

OId Indlanr

Suncrlan:

cf. ef.

govfirla4a

govcda

- cattlc-

(adJecttrc)

gh€ noots

cf"

OId Slavic:

boe =

8a61... glrh 297 rJ - ox, horncd eattlc E.td 297ti r role

Llt.

bo/da = maJesty, royalLy; maJestlc, boX;daz - u.s. bo/da = Godr salnt

ovcn

gur, 46"5 r

ovah

BtrU 43Or2 ' oven, atovc, fl.rcplacc kur, L21 126 IJterary liongoLlan: gal - flrc qor-ur- - hurtr burn cf. gul r llght thc fLre Lanut-TungueLen ! golomo - flrcplace

cf.

Phonctlcsc

Ilungarlan!

zugoly = nook, recesg

diafect:

d uosu - u.go el t,hc end of, the root r)1 """ olunta

gularnta

Mongollan:

0styak:

cf"

?tr

fr\ ErbI'Tt = an81e, corner

nG-

uesr

Coa

01d Slavic: Serbo*Croatlan:

Llt.

Bor-o$orn r

l,longollanc

Ulghur: Sulyuan:

fi

golttt - to burn gr%

l(lrghlze

Mongollan:

01d TurkLsh: Chagetal: Uighur:

cf. SuncrLan:

lugwn = u.s. ugunr 35Ot2 = border, mounting

go-vc-

RussLan:

soneone

- cattLc (collcctlvc)

*uX, 32916 - u.e" Thla word La taken fron the SumcrLen and thcrcforc doce not orlglnatc fron the Indo-Ewopean languager" W. havc to nantlon that thc Suncrlan: OllD - dX.vlnlty ard thag the EnglLsh s COD and the Germans @TT - dtvtnl|y are also taken from the Sunerlano Old SJ.avlce

Swrerl-an:

gospod{a

heavr:nlv

ugal 5 u.s.

szugoly

s6gir - u.s. sii

r;1r = u.s.

sa?lr - u.s. sigu{" - anglc 3oT, so? * eornerr h111

Notc: In Old Slavtc the s-sound at the beglnning of the root has disnpl,onlr'l; etructurally, the root together wlth the sufflx ls ldentical to the Hungarian

word:

6td St.avlc:

I zugoly

I szugolY : -lY = 5ug"1x v$eVI% | -I\a = suffl-x

-88_

The lntt,lal- and fl.nal" k-solnd

csSke-Botoc

of the root.

,89-

O1d

Slavtes Turklsh: lllddle Turklsh: Hungarlanl

Slavlc:

Cr8ke-RoL."

pekf,r = I bake

r.pek-ti =

Old

Ancient Slavic:

01d

TunguslanrGold:

peku = heat pekusl - hot

Olcha:

- hot peJ-tl = bake

kLtstl - to Lay, to load, put togcther qal.a- - to put togethar, aeLdc, to ley kaLa - to plle up kelensra - shock, ptock (of corn) In OLd Slavlc, the e-sufflx ls thc repetcH-vc suffk.

OLd

$lavlc:

Sunerlen: Hungarlan:

Thls word went how nuch

ktloEo - kry kul /2rB - cLose, lock kul-csol. : -csol - repetetlve eufflx - clesp (hands) kul-cs - kryi hebarcs - nortar fron the Hungarlan lnto the sLavlc languagca regardlcse of

the Flnno-Ugrlc J-lngulst,e reJect, thLsl

01$ Slavlc: analysed I

Turklshc

OId

Osman:

Chagetal: Sumerlan:

9ld $lavlc: enaLyscd:

Scrbo-Croatlen: Hungarianl l.longollan: l(alnuckr Suncrlant

Letln (?)r The anelent root

kovail - to lcov-a-tl.

-

f,orge

ltuJ-€-m

- I

forgc

kuyuncu - Jcreller, gol-dsn{th quy- - pour, cast (netal) quy- - melt mctal, pour ku, 1168151 - preelorr