The Six Sigma Way Team Fieldbook: An Implementation Guide for Process Improvement Teams

 

2 

\ck Udx Udmfn ]ny \knf Bdk`lohhi

 

N`sh oy Wktkr U. Wnalk, _hokrt W. Akufna, nal _h`nal _. Envnanumc

\ck Udx Udmfn ]ny: Chw MK, Fhthrh`n, nal Htckr  \hp Ehfpnadks Nrk Chadam \ckdr Wkrbhrfnaek

 

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\ck Udx Udmfn ]ny \knf Bdk`lohhi Na Dfp`kfkatntdha Mudlk bhr  Wrhjket Dfprhvkfkat \knfs Wktkr U. Wnalk  _hokrt W. Akufna _h`nal _. Envnanumc

FeMrnw-Cd`` Akw Thri Ecdenmh Una Brnaedseh @dsoha @halha Fnlrdl Fkxdeh Edty Fd`na Akw Lk`cd Una Juna Ukhu` Udamnphrk Uylaky \hrhath

 

Ehpyrdmct © ?77? oy \ck FeMrnw-CD`` Ehfpnadks, Dae. N`` rdmcts rkskrvkl. Kxekpt ns pkrfdttkl ualkr tck [adtkl Utntks Ehpyrdmct Net hb >4=2, ah pnrt hb tcds puo`dentdha fny ok rkprhluekl hr ldstrdoutkl da nay bhrf bhr f hr oy nay fknas, hr sthrkl da n lntnonsk hr rktrdkvn` systkf, wdtchut tck prdhr wrdttka pkrfdssdha hb tck  puo`dsckr..  puo`dsckr DUOA: 4=3-7-7=-> FCDL: 7-7=->5=5>5=5>. \ck Udx Udmfn Uystkf ]cnt Ds Udx Udmfn8 Uystkf N`dmafkat: \rneidam tck Ss nal Ts Udx Damrkldkats hb Udx Udmfn Fhvdam Bhrwnrl Kyks ha tck Wrdzk: [sdam Udx Udmfn \knfs ns n @knradam \hh` ?. \crkk ]nys th Udx Udmfn >. Wrhekss Dfprhvkfkat: Bdaldam \nrmktkl Uh`utdhas ?. Wrhekss Lksdma/_klksdma 5. Wrhekss Fnanmkfkat bhr Udx Udmfn @knlkrscdp [sdam N`` \crkk Utrntkmdks Echhsdam n Udx Udmfn Npprhnec

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> 5 < = 3 >> >> >5 >< >2 >4 ?> ??

5. Hr Hrmnadzdam bhr Udx Udmfn _h`k >: \ck @knlkrscdp Mrhup hr Ehuaed` _h`k ?: Wrhjket Uphashrs nal Ecnfpdhas _h`k 5: \ck Dfp`kfkatntdha @knlkr _h`k

 

vd

  Ehatkats

2 

7? >7? >7; >7= >74 >>7 >>> >>? >><

 

Ehatkats

2 

Lkbdak Ehfp`ktdha Eckei`dst Lkbdak \h``mntk Wrkpnrntdha ]hrisckkt \ck ^BL Eye`k

3. Ehfdam \hmktckr ns n \knf \dps bhr tck Bhrfdam Utnmk \rhuo`kschhtdam nal Wrho`kf Wrkvkatdha bhr Lkbdak

vdd >>= >>3 >?7

>?5 >?5 >?<

\ck Fknsurk Utnmk  4. Fknsurdam Wrhekss Wkrbhrfnaek Onsde Fknsurkfkat Ehaekpts \wh Ehfphakats hb Fknsurk Mkttdam _knly bhr Nan`yzk >7. Wh Whwkr \hh`s bhr ‐Fknsurk‖ Fknsurkfkat W`naadam ]hrisckkt

>?= >?3 >55 >;= >27 >2?

E\^ \rkk Utrntdbdentdha Bnethrs Fknsurkfkat Nsskssfkat \rkk Hpkrntdhan` Lkbdadtdha ]hrisckkt Wrhekss nal Whpu`ntdha Unfp`dam Lnd`y nal ]kki`y Unfp`dam Ecnrts Eckeisckkt Lkvk`hpfkat Dastruetdhas Udmfn En`eu`ntdha ]hrisckkt Wrhphrtdha Lkbketdvk nal Tdk`l En`eu`ntdha Dastruetdhas Ehst hb Whhr ^un`dty (EHW^) En`eu`ntdhas Fknsurk Eckei`dst \h``mntk Wrkpnrntdha ]hrisckkt \rneidam @ham-\krf Rnrdntdha nal Wrhekss Ucdbts

>2< >2; >22 >2= >=7 >=< >=; >== >37 >3> >3? >3< >32

>>. Mudldam tck Udx Udmfn \knf da tck Fknsurk Utnmk \ck Nanthfy hb \knf Uthrfdam \rhuo`kschhtdam nal Wrho`kf Wrkvkatdha bhr Fknsurk Fknsurk Lh—s nal Lha—ts

>4> >4? >4< >4;

\ck Nan`yzk Utnmk   >?. Nan`yzdam Lntn nal Davkstdmntdam Enusks Okehfdam n Lkbket Lktketdvk Lntn Nan`ysds: Kxp`hrdam Lntn Nan`ysds: Mkakrntdam Cyphtcksks Nohut Enusks

>4= ?77 ?7? ?>5

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Ecnptkr >. \ \c ck Udx Udmfn Uystkf

=

pndat jho ha n akw enr ds n lkbket9 n `ntk lk`dvkry ds n lkbket9 nal sh ha. Db yhu ena lkbdak nal fknsurk eusthfkr rkqudrkf rkqudrkfkats, kats, yhu ena en`eu`ntk ohtc tck aufokr hb lkbkets da yhur prhekss nal hutputs ns wk`` ns tck prhekss ydk`l, tck pkrekatnmk hb mhhl hb  mhhl prhluets nal skrvdeks prhluekl (fknadam tcky nrk wdtchut lkbkets). \ckrk nrk sdfp`k tno`ks tcnt `kt yhu ehavkrt ydk`l dath sdmfn `kvk`s. Nahtckr npprhnec th lktkrfdadam n sdmfn `kvk` ds th en`eu`ntk chw fnay lkbkets heeur ehfpnrkl th tck aufokr hb hpphrtuadtdks tckrk nrk da tck prhluet hr skrvdek  bhr tcdam tcdamss th mh wrha wrhamm. \ck hutehfk hb tcds en`eu`ntdha ds en``kl Lkbkets pkr Fd``dha Hpphrtuadtdks (LWFH), wcdec ds nahtckr wny th en`eu`ntk tck Udmfn @kvk` hr ydk`l hb n prhekss.

Uystkf N`dmafkat: \rneidam tck Ss nal Ts Udx Udmfn ehfpnadks ehffha`y usk schrtcnal th lkserdok shfk iky dlkns wcka tcdaidam hwa e`hskl-`hhp systkf. kxnfp`k, nohut ‐S‖ ds tckdr schrtcnal bhr n enusk hbousdakss n prho`kf hr hakBhr hb  2υ tck fnay vnrdno`ks nbbketdam n ousdakss prhekss9 ‐T‖ ds na hutehfk hb tck prhekssks. Bhr n onikry, tck qun`dty hb tck b`hur uskl nal tck tkfpkrnturk hb tck hvkas nrk shfk hb tck iky Ss th ok fknsurkl, wdtc tck `hnb dtsk`b okdam Lktnd`s ha en`eu`ntdam sdmfn `kvk`s nrk prhvdlkl tck iky T, n`ham wdtc tck sntdsbnetdha hb n cuamry eus- da Ecnptkr 4. Thu—`` n`sh thfkr. Dlkatdbydam nal fknsurdam suec erdtden` Ss nal  bdal n whrisckkt nal ehavkrsdha tno`k da Ts nrk onsde tnsis da Udx Udmfn hrmnadzntdhas. Ecnptkr >7. Fknsurdam Ss nal Ts dsa—t na kal da dtsk`b. Ss hr enusks cnvk th ok ehaaketkl th erdtden` Ts hr kbbkets. Bhr kxnfp`k,  Db S ds… \cka T fdmct ok… Netdhas thwnrl mhn`s .......................... ..............................Utrntkmde ....Utrntkmde mhn`s necdkvkl ^un`dty hb whri lhak..............................@kvk` hb eusthfkr sntdsbnetdha Eye`k tdfk ........................... ........................................ ......................Ha-t .........Ha-tdfk dfk lk`dvkry Utnbbdam `kvk` ............ ......................... .......................... ....................\ .......\dfk dfk th naswkr pchak Daehrrket dabhrfntdha ....................... ................................Lk .........Lkbkets bkets prhluekl

Fnay ehfpnadks nal fnanmkrs cnvk n phhr ualkrstnaldam hb tck rk`ntdhascdp  oktwkka tc  oktwkka tckdr kdr hwa erdtde erdtden` n` Ss nal Ts ns tcky tcky pkln pkln`` n`ham. n`ham. \cky ikkp ikkp tckdr ehrphehrphrntk odik uprdmct tcrhumc n fdxturk hb `uei nal pnst kxpkrdkaek, hr oy fnidam  jkriy  jkri y ehrrketd ehrrketdhas has wck wcka a tck rhnl sullka`y sullka`y ecnamk ecnamks. s. Udx Udmfn fnanmkrs fnanmkrs,, ha tck

 

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\CK UDS UDMFN ]NT \KNF BDK@LOHHI

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htckr cnal, usk fknsurks hb prhekss, eusthfkrs, nal supp`dkrs th ok fhrk `dik kxpkrdkaekl eye`dsts wch natdedpntk prho`kfs hr rksphal dastnat`y nal sfhhtc`y th ecnamks nrhual tckf. Ns yhu stnrt whridam ha n Udx Udmfn tknf, try th okehfk fhrk nwnrk hb tck hutputs yhu wnat th necdkvk (yhur Ts) nal wcnt bnethrs wd`` nbbket chw yhu mkt tckrk (tck Ss). Okehfdam fhrk nttuakl th bnethrs nal tckdr kbbkets wd`` ck`p yhu bheus yhur kbbhrts fhrk strntkmden``y. strntkmden``y. N`sh rkfkfokr th `dai yhur Ts th wcnt yhur eusthfkrs rkn``y wnat“aht just th wcnt yhu tcdai tcky akkl hr wcnt—s ehavkadkat th yhu.

Udx Damrkldkats hb Udx Udmfn \ck Udx Udmfn ]ny datrhluekl sdx erdtden` damrkldkats akklkl th necdkvk Udx Udmfn enpnod`dty wdtcda na hrmnadzntdha: >. ?. 5. . Mkaudak Bheus ha tck Eusthfkr  N`tchumc ehfpnadks cnvk `ham prhe`ndfkl tcnt ‐\ck Eusthfkr Aufokr Hak‖ hr ‐N`wnys _dmct,‖ bkw ousdakssks cnvk netun``y sueekklkl da ds dfprhvdam tckdr ualkrstnaldam hb tckdr eusthfkrs— prhekssks nal rkqudrkfkats. Fnay ehfpnadks e`ndf th fkkt eusthfkr rkqudrkfkats wcka tcky netun``y spkal `hts hb tdfk trydam th ehavdaek tck eusthfkr tcnt wcnt tcky ohumct ds rkn``y wcnt tcky wnatkl. (_kfkfokr tck `nst tdfk yhu cnl n pchak hr eno`k \R dastn``kl nal wkrk th`l tcnt yhu—l cnvk th spkal n wch`k fhradam hr nbtkrahha wndtdam bhr skrvdek“ wcka yhu—l rntckr cnvk dt lhak nt n spkedbde tdfk8 \cds cnppkas wcka n skrvdek ehfpnay cns aht okka no`k th ehatrh` dts prhekssks th tck phdat wckrk dt ena fkkt eusthfkr rkqudrkfkats!) Kvka wcka tcky cnvk mntckrkl dabhrfntdha brhf eusthfkrs vdn survkys nal bheus mrhups, tck rksu`ts wkrk hbtka ourdkl da uarknl rkphrts hr netkl ha `ham nbtkr eusthfkrs— akkls cnvk ecnamkl. Eusthfkr bheus ds tck thp prdhrdty da Udx Udmfn. Wkrbhrfnaek fknsurkfkat

 

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Ecnptkr >. \ \c ck Udx Udmfn Uystkf

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 okmdas nal kals kals wdtc tck tck Rhdek Rhdek hb tck Eusthfkr (RHE). (RHE). ‐Lkbkets‖ ‐Lkbkets‖ nrk nrk bnd`urks bnd`urks th fkkt fknsurno`k eusthfkr rkqudrkfkats. Udx Udmfn dfprhvkfkats nrk lkbdakl  oy tckdr dfpnet ha ha eusthfkr sntdsbnetdha sntdsbnetdha nal tck tck vn`uk tcky nll th tck eusthfkr eusthfkr.. Hak hb tck bdrst tnsis hb Udx Udmfn dfprhvkfkat tknfs ds tck lkbdadtdha hb eusthfkr rkqudrkfkats nal tck prhekssks tcnt nrk supphskl th fkkt tckf.

?. Lntn- nal Bnet-Lrdvka Fnanmkfkat  N`tchumc ehfputkrs nal tck datkrakt cnvk b`hhlkl tck ousdakss whr`l wdtc lntn, yhu wha—t ok scheikl th `knra tcnt fnay dfphrtnat ousdakss lkedsdhas nrk std``  onskl ha mut-`kvk` mut-`kvk` cuae cuaecks cks nal uabhualkl uabhualkl nssufptdhas nssufptdhas.. Udx Udmfn tknfs e`nrde`nrdby wcdec fknsurks nrk iky th mnumdam netun` ousdakss pkrbhrfnaek9 tcka tcky eh``ket nal nan`yzk lntn th ualkrstnal iky vnrdno`ks nal prhekss lrdvkrs. Bdan``y, Udx Udmfn prhvdlks naswkrs th tck ksskatdn` qukstdhas bnedam fnanmkrs nal dfprhvkfkat tknfs kvkry lny:   

Chw nrk wk rkn``y lhdam8 Chw lhks tcnt ehfpnrk th wckrk wk wnat th ok8 ]cnt lntn lh D akkl th eh``ket th naswkr tck htckr qukstdhas8

5. Wrhekss Bheus, Fnanmkfkat, nal Dfprhvkfkat  ]cktckr yhu—rk lksdmadam n akw prhluet hr skrvdek, fknsurdam thlny—s pkrbhrfnaek, hr dfprhvdam kbbdedkaey hr eusthfkr sntdsbnetdha, Udx Udmfn bheusks ha tck prhekss ns tck iky fknas th fkktdam eusthfkr rkqudrkfkats. Hak hb tck fhst dfprkssdvk dfpnets hb Udx Udmfn cns okka th ehavdaek `knldam fnanmkrs“pnrtdeu`nr`y da skrvdek-onskl buaetdhas nal ousdakssks“tcnt fnstkrdam nal dfprhvdam prhekssks ds aht n akekssnry kvd`, out na ksskatdn` stkp thwnrl oud`ldam ehfpktdtdvk nlvnatnmk oy lk`dvkrdam rkn` vn`uk th eusthfkrs. Da hak hb dts bdrst fkktdams tck Udx Udmfn tknf fust dlkatdby tck ehrk ousdakss prhekssks ha wcdec eusthfkr sntdsbnetdha stnals hr bn``s.

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\CK UDS UDMFN ]NT \KNF BDK@LOHHI

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phdat bhr truk erkntdvdty, erkntdvdty, okttkr tcna ohuaedam brhf hak pnadeiy erdsds th tck akxt. Ehastnat bdrkbdmctdam ds tck sdma hb na hrmnadzntdha `hsdam ehatrh`. Dt—s n`sh n syfpthf tcnt `hts hb fhaky—s okdam wnstkl ha rkwhri nal kxpkasdvk qudei bdxks. Udx Udmfn prhvdlks tck thh`s nal prnetdeks th rkp`nek rknetdvk wdtc prhnetdvk fnanmkfkat. Ehasdlkrdam tck s`df fnrmda bhr krrhr da thlny—s ousdakss whr`l,  okdam prhnet prhnetdvk dvk ds tck tck ha`y wny wny th b`y. b`y.

;. Ohualnry`kss Eh``nohrntdha Ehdakl nt Mkakrn` K`ketrde, ‐ohualnry`kssakss‖ rkbkrs th tck jho hb sfnscdam tck  onrrdkrs  onrrdk rs tcnt o`hei tck b`hw hb dlkns nal netdh netdha a up nal lhwa nal nerhss nerhss tck hrmnadzntdha. Od``dhas hb lh``nrs nrk wnstkl kvkrylny tcrhumc odeikrdam ourknuernedks dasdlk n ehfpnay tcnt bdmct hak nahtckr dastknl hb whridam bhr hak ehffha enusk: prhvdldam vn`uk th iky eusthfkrs. Udx Udmfn rkqudrks daerknskl eh``nohrntdha ns pkhp`k `knra nohut tckdr rh`ks da tck odm prhekss pdeturk nal tckdr rk`ntdhascdp th kxtkran` eusthfkrs. Oy puttdam tck eusthfkr nt tck ekatkr hb tck ousdakss bheus, Udx Udmfn lkfnals na nttdtulk hb usdam prhekssks th okakbdt kvkryhak, aht sdfp`y hak hr twh lkpnrtfkats. \ck Udx Udmfn dfprhvkfkat tknf bhrkscnlhws tck ohualnry`kss hrmnadzntdha ha n sfn`` sen`k, nal ena tknec fuec nohut dts okakbdts th tck wch`k ehfpnay.

2. Lrdvk bhr Wkrbketdha, \h`krntk Bnd`urk  Udx Udmfn p`neks mrknt kfpcnsds ha lrdvdam bhr pkrbketdha nal fnidam sustndano`k rksu`ts cnppka wdtcda n uskbu` ousdakss tdfk brnfk. Ns n ehaskqukaek, Udx Udmfn tknfs hbtka bdal tckfsk`vks trydam th on`naek ldbbkrkat rdsis: ‐Ds spkaldam twh wkkis ha lntn eh``ketdha whrtc tck kbbhrt8‖ hr ‐Ena wk nbbhrl th ecnamk tck prhekss iahwdam tcnt wk—`` `dik`y erkntk fhrk prho`kfs da tck schrt tkrf ns wk whri hut tck oums8‖ \ck odmmkst rdsi tknfs ena tnik ds th ok nbrndl th try akw fktchls: Upkaldam tdfk ha lntn eh``ketdha fny skkf rdsiy nt bdrst m`naek, out usun``y dt rksu`ts da okttkr, fhrk kbbketdvk lkedsdhas. Aht ecnamdam n prhekss fknas whri wd`` mh ha ns dt n`wnys cns, nal yhur rksu`ts wha—t mkt okttkr okttkr.. Bhrtuantk`y,, Udx Udmfn oud`ls da n mhhl lhsk hb rdsi fn Bhrtuantk`y fnanmkfkat, anmkfkat, out tck trutc ds tcnt nay ehfpnay schhtdam bhr Udx Udmfn fust ok rknly bhr (nal wd``dam th `knra brhf) heensdhan` sktoneis. Ns n fnanmkr da n Udx Udmfn ehfpnay haek sndl, ‐\ck mhhl idls cnvk mht us ns bnr ns tcky ena oy ehfdam ehfd am up wdtc tck rdmct naswkrs. Ahw tck onl idls cnvk th fhvk us ncknl oy ecn``kamdam kvkrytcdam wk lh.‖

 

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Ecnptkr >. \ \c ck Udx Udmfn Uystkf

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Fhvdam Bhrwnrl ]k—l ok surprdskl db yhu ldla—t sny ‐Out wk—rk n`rknly lhdam shfk hb tchsk tcdams!‖ \cnt—s aht surprdsdam“rkfkfokr, fuec hb Udx Udmfn ds aht akw. ]cnt ds akw ds tck wny tcnt Udx Udmfn pu``s n`` tcksk tcdams dath n ehckrkat prhmrnf  oneikl oy oy lktkrfdakl lktkrfdakl f fnanmk nanmkfkat fkat `knlkrsc `knlkrscdp. dp. Ns yhu okmda tck jho hb `knldam n Udx Udmfn tknf, ok chakst nohut tck strkamtcs nal wkniakssks hb yhur ehfpnay, nal ok hpka th trydam akw tcdams. Thu—`` mkt okttkr nal bnstkr rksu`ts db yhur hrmnadzntdha ds wd``dam th nlfdt dts schrtehfdams nal `knra brhf tckf. _kvdkw yhur kxdstdam fktchls th fnik surk tcky nrk ck`pdam yhu dfprhvk tck lk`dvkry hb prhluet nal skrvdek th yhur eusthfkrs. Db aht, yhu—`` cnvk th ecnamk pnst prnetdeks. Lkedldam kxnet`y wcnt ecnamks wd`` fkna tck fhst th yhur hrmnadzntdha nal dts eusthfkrs ds tck suojket hb fhst hb tcds ohhi!

Kyks ha tck Wrdzk: [sdam Udx Udmfn \knfs ns n @knradam \hh` Udx Udmfn tknfs nrk bhrfkl th nllrkss spkedbde ousdakss dssuks nal dfprhvk prhekssks, prhluets, nal skrvdeks. Out db tcnt—s n`` tcky lh da yhur hrmnadzntdha, yhu—rk fdssdam tck odmmkr pdeturk. Dt—s schrt-sdmctkl th fnik ‐prhjkets‖ tck sh`k hojketdvk hb n Udx Udmfn kbbhrt. Ah fnttkr wcktckr n prhjket ds n cumk sueekss hr bnd`s th rknec dts mhn`s, yhu—vk fdsskl n odm hpphrtuadty db tck pnrtdedpnats lha—t tnik akw sid``s nal cnodts onei th tckdr jhos nbtkr tck prhjket ds ehfp`ktk. Ns fnay hb hur e`dkats cnvk rkn`dzkl, Udx Udmfn dlkns akkl th okehfk n wny hb `dbk. Akvkr bhrmkt Udx Udmfn tknfs nrk n `knradam thh`. Ecnfpdhas nal Ukadhr Fnanmkrs schu`l ok stulydam tck tknfs, tck LFNDE dfprhvkfkat prhekss, nal tck lntn-lrdvka npprhnec“nal tcka npp`ydam tchsk thh`s th tckdr hwa lnd`y fnanmkfkat prhekssks. Db tcky lh aht, bhur hr bdvk yknrs brhf ahw tck hrmnadzntdha wd`` std`` ok sk`ketdam prhjkets, O`nei Ok`ts, tknf fkfokrs, kte.“ha`y tck anfks wd`` ok ecnamkl th prhtket tchsk wch rkbuskl th lh tcdams n okttkr, ldbbkrkat wny. \ck hrmnadzntdha ns n wch`k wd`` aht ok kvh`vdam, ahr wd`` dt ok naywckrk aknr th rknecdam Udx Udmfn qun`dty `kvk`s da dts iky prhekssks. Kvkry `knlkr da tck hrmnadzntdha schu`l tnik ha tck rksphasdod`dty hb kxp`hdtdam Udx Udmfn prhjkets th tck bu``kst kxtkat, nsidam qukstdhas suec ns ‐]cnt ena wk `knra brhf tcksk tknfs8 Chw nrk tcky fnidam mndas8 ]cnt ena wk npp`y th hur

 

>?

\CK UDS UDMFN ]NT \KNF BDK@LOHHI

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kvkrylny whri8‖ Naswkrdam tchsk qukstdhas wd`` ck`p yhur hrmnadzntdha okehfk lyanfde nal prhbdtno`k, wdtc uapnrn``k`kl kbbdedkaey nal eusthfkr `hyn`ty `hyn`ty.. \cnt—s wcnt dt fknas th necdkvk Udx Udmfn `kvk`s hb qun`dty.

 

Ecnptkr ? 

\crkk ]nys th Udx Udmfn Utrntkmdks th Dfprhvk, Erkntk, nal Fnanmk Wrhekssks

2 

E

[U\HFK _ I A AH H ]@ ]@ KL KL MK MK N AL AL

kbbketdvk fknsurks buk` n Udx Udmfn kamdak wdtc tcrkk onsde pnrts (skk (skk Bdmur Bdmurkk ?->), n`` hb wcdec wcdec bheus ha tck prhekssks da yhur hrmnadzntdha. \ck `dainmk tcksk tcrkk pnrts thmktckr ds hakhbhb tck fhst dfphrtnat (nal `knst rkehmadzkl) daahvntdhas tcnt Udx Udmfn hbbkrs. \ck tcrkk pnrts nrk Wrhekss Dfprhvkfkat, Wrhekss Lksdma (nal _klksdma) nal Wrhekss Fnanmkfkat. Okenusk yhur tknf—s whri wd`` ok thueckl oy hak hr fhrk hb tcksk, wk—`` datrhluek tckf n`` ordkb`y ckrk.

Bdmurk ?->. \crkk kamdaks hb Udx Udmfn

 

><

\CK UDS UDMFN ]NT \KNF BDK@LOHHI

2υ

>. Wrhekss Dfprhvkfkat: Bdaldam \nrmktkl Uh`utdhas ‐Wrhekss Dfprhvkfkat‖ rkbkrs th n strntkmy hb bdaldam sh`utdhas th k`dfdantk tck rhht enusks hb pkrbhrfnaek prho`kfs da prhekssks tcnt n`rknly kxdst da yhur ehfpnay. Wrhekss Dfprhvkfkat kbbhrts skki th bdx prho`kfs oy k`dfdantdam tck enusks hb vnrdntdha da tck prhekss wcd`k `knvdam tck onsde prhekss datnet. Da Udx Udmfn tkrfs, Wrhekss Dfprhvkfkat tknfs bdal tck erdtden` Ss (enusks) tcnt erkntk tck uawnatkl Ts (lkbkets) prhluekl oy tck prhekss. Wrhekss Dfprhvkfkat tknfs usk n bdvk-stkp prhekss th nttnei prho`kfs:

Lkbdak tck prho`kf nal wcnt tck eusthfkrs rkqudrk. Fknsurk tck lkbkets nal prhekss hpkrntdha. Nan`yzk tck lntn nal ldsehvkr enusks hb tck prho`kf. Dfprhvk tck prhekss th rkfhvk enusks hb lkbkets. Ehatrh` tck prhekss th fnik surk lkbkets lha—t rkeur. \cds prhekss“hbtka en``kl LFNDE (Ln-FNT-dci)“wd`` ok tck suojket hb fhst hb tcds ohhi. (Ukk n`sh Bdmurk ?-?.) Ensk Utuly: \ck K-_hei Erdsds \ck sueekss hb tck Wckradeckr Ehfpnay—s k`ketrhade rheikr-rke`dakr  ecndr hvkr tck pnst tcrkk yknrs cns okka rkfnrino`k. Chwkvkr, bhr tck pnst ehup`k hb fhatcs, sn`ks cnvk okka da n lrnfntde nal n`nrfdam s`dlk. Ldstrdouthrs cnvk okka b`hhldam tck Wckradeckr chfk hbbdeks wdtc k-fnd`s nohut rkturas nal eusthfkr ehfp`ndats. Ns tck odmmkst ehatrdouthr th tck ehfpnay—s prhbdts, nay prho`kfs wdtc tck ecndr  (en``kl tck K-_hei) erkntkl odm whrrdks bhr Wckradeckr fnanmkfkat. \ck thp prhluet fnanmkfkat mrhup nal tck skadhr kxkeutdvk tknf fkt th ldseuss strntkmdks bhr lkn`dam wdtc tck lke`dadam sn`ks. ‐\cds prhluet cns hut`dvkl dts wk`ehfk,‖ kxe`ndfkl tck cknl hb fnriktdam. ‐]k akkl th mkt mhdam ha n wch`k akw mkakrntdha hb K-ecndr!‖ ‐\cnt—ss mhdam thh bnr, ‐\cnt— bnr,‖ ‖ ehuatkrkl tck bdk`l sn`ks ldrkethr. ldrkethr. ‐D ena—t ok`dkvk tck katdrk fnrikt sullka`y lkedlkl tck K-_hei ds hutfhlkl da n pkrdhl hb wkkis.‖ \ck cknl hb sknt kamdakkrdam wkdmckl da: ‐]k akkl th mdvk fhrk

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2υ

Ecnptkr ?. \crkk ]nys th Udx Udmfn

>=

Wrhekss Lksdma wd`` usun``y tnik `hamkr tcna Wrhekss Dfprhvkfkat, nal okenusk dt davh`vks tck erkntdha nal dfp`kfkatntdha hb n ornal akw prhluet hr prhekss, tck rdsi hb bnd`urk ds mrkntkr tcna dfprhvdam na kxdstdam prhekss. (Uuec bnd`urk ds hbtka prhfptkl  oy n `nei `nei hb vdsdha vdsdha nrhual nrhual tck Lksdma mhn`s, hr oy aht cnvdam pkhp`k ha tck tknf wch cnvk tck rdmct sid``s nal nptdtulk bhr n lksdma hpphrtuadty.) \chumc tck hutehfk nal mhn` hb Wrhekss Lksdma ds vkry ldbbkrkat brhf Wrhekss Dfprhvkfkat, fuec hb tck prhjket whri ds vkry sdfd`nr (Bdmurk ?-5). Ecnptkr ?> cns lktnd`s ha chw th nlnpt tck Wrhekss Dfprhvkfkat dastruetdhas mdvka tcrhumchut tck ohhi bhr n Lksdma prhjket. Bdmurk ?-5. Ehfpnrdsha hb tck Dfprhvkfkat nal Lksdma Wrhekssks Ensk Utuly: \rd-Wnrt—s rd-Wnrt—s Wntecwhri Npprhnec  Nbtkr tck fkrmkr hb tcrkk rkmdhan` kqudpfkat `knsdam ehfpnadks, ousdakss wns ha tck upswdam. Akw `knsks hb ehastruetdha kqudpfkat, prdatkrs, ehpdkrs, nal trueis wkrk puscdam \rd-Wnrt @knsdam dath tck rnais hb tck antdhan` `knsdam ehfpnadks.

\ck phsdtdvks ha tck ‐thp `dak‖ hb tck ousdakss (daerknsdam sn`ks) wkrk okdam sdmadbdenat`y ualkrfdakl, chwkvkr, oy prho`kfs da mkttdam pndl. Dadtdn` kbbhrts th ehfodak tck davhdedam nal rkekdvno`ks prhekssks hb tck tcrkk fkrmkl ehfpnadks wkrk aht sueekssbu`. Dt wns tnidam

 

>3

\CK UDS UDMFN ]NT \KNF BDK@LOHHI  brhf bdvk th adak wkkis th mkt na davhdek hut th eusthfkrs“nal nahtckr sdx th tka wkkis th mkt pndl. Dadtdn``y, \rd-Wnrt @knsdam mht shfk pnrtdn` rk`dkb. Bdrst, tcrkk erhss buaetdhan` ‐Bnst \rnei‖ prho`kf sh`vdam tknfs wkrk no`k th rkluekl dlkatdby shfk hovdhus mnps da cnal`dam `knsk lheufkats. \cksk bdxks tck davhdedam tdfk oy skvkrn` lnys. Akxt, n prhekss dfprhvkfkat O`nei Ok`t, whridam wdtc n mrhup hb trndakl Mrkka Ok`ts, dlkatdbdkl tck enusk hb `hst lntn da tck ehfpnay—s neehuatdam systkf, wcdec eut tck eye`k tdfk lrnfntden``y, out ha`y bhr hbbdek kqudpfkat e`dkats.  Nbtkr rkvdkwdam tck rksu`ts hb tck sh`utdhas th lntk, tck RW h hbb \ \rd-Wnrt— rd-Wnrt—ss  bdanaek mrhup prhphskl n akw ehursk hb netdha: ‐D tcdai wk wkrk lrknfdam wcka wk trdkl th pntec hur ldbbkrkat prhekssks thmktckr,‖ sck ehffkatkl. ‐\ckrk nrk sh fnay daehasdstkaedks nal anmmdam prho`kfs da chw wk—rk lhdam tcdams tcnt dt—`` tnik lhzkas hb sfn`` prhjkets th mkt tcds tcdam turakl nrhual. Fknatdfk, hur ensc ds ruaadam `hw ua`kss wk ena mkt pndl bnstkr!‖ \ck ehavkrsntdha tcnt bh``hwkl wns datkask. Ukvkrn` hb tck fnanmkrs whrrdkl tcnt trydam th rklksdma tck davhdedam nal rkekdvno`ks prhekss wns thh odm nal rdsiy. Da rksphask, tck dlkn hb trydam th lh tck rklksdma da pcnsks ck`pkl pkhp`k bkk` fhrk ehfbhrtno`k. Da tck kal, tck vhtk th `nuaec tck rklksdma kbbhrt wns uanadfhus nal tck ehffkats katcusdnstde. ‐Uhfktdfks,‖ ahtkl tck od``dam supkrvdshr, ‐yhu just cnvk th tcrhw hut tck h`l nal ordam da tck akw.‖ ]cy wns ‐Lksdma/_klksdma‖ tck npprhprdntk strntkmy da tcds ensk8  

\ck dfpnet hb tck prho`kf ds sdmadbdenat9 dt ehu`l tcrkntka tck ckn`tc hb tck ehfpnay. Aht ha`y ds tckdr ensc b`hw nbbketkl, out sh thh ds tckdr dfnmk nfham e`dkats“sdaek dt tniks sh `ham th mkt tckf tckdr od``.

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Ehaekrtkl nttkfpts th necdkvk akklkl ecnamk“usdam ohtc n ‐Bnst \rnei‖ npprhnec th wkkl hut hovdhus b`nws da tck prhekss ns wk`` ns n Udx Udmfn Dfprhvkfkat tknf kbbhrt“cnvk ydk`lkl ha`y pnrtdn` sueekss. N `ht fhrk akkls th ok neehfp`dsckl.

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\ck cdsthry hb tck prhekss nal fkrmkr daldentks tcnt n fhrk kxtkasdvk kbbhrt akkls th ok fnlk th k`dfdantk n`` tck b`nws nal prho`kfs da tck davhdedam netdvdtdks. Fhrk kxtkasdvk, nmmrkssdvk netdha skkfs wnrrnatkl.

2υ



\ck `knlkrscdp mrhup ds rknly th supphrt n lksdma kbbhrt. ]dtchut tcnt supphrt nal tck pntdkaek dt wd`` tnik th lh tck rklksdma, dt std`` fdmct cnvk okka okttkr th ehatdauk wdtc daerkfkatn` ecnamks.

 

2υ

Ecnptkr ?. \crkk ]nys th Udx Udmfn

>4

(Uupphrt ds tcnt erdtden`, kspkedn``y bhr tck Lksdma strntkmy.) N`sh, oy pcnsdam tck lksdma kbbhrt, \rd-Wnrt ds `dik`y th necdkvk datkrdf mndas wcd`k rh``dam hut tck bu`` rklksdma.

5. Wrhekss Fnanmkfkat bhr Udx Udmfn @knlkrscdp Hak nspket hb tck LFNDE prhekss dfprhvkfkat strntkmy tcnt ds hbtka hvkr`hhikl ds tcnt tck ehaekpts npp`y th fnanmdam prhekssks nerhss tck hrmnadzntdha, aht just whridam tcrhumc na dfprhvkfkat prhjket. \cds tcdrl npp`dentdha hb LFNDE“ Wrhekss Fnanmkfkat“ds tck fhst kvh`utdhanry hb tck tcrkk okenusk dt davh`vks ecnamks da eu`turk nal fnanmkfkat tcrhumchut tck hrmnadzntdha tcnt fust neehfpnay Udx Udmfn kbbhrts db tckdr bu`` phwkr ds th ok rkn`dzkl. Ns tck anfk summksts, Wrhekss Fnanmkfkat fknas tcnt n bheus ha fnanmdam prhekssks nerhss tck hrmnadzntdha rkp`neks fnanmdam daldvdlun` buaetdhas oy ldbbkrkat ldbbkrkat (nal shfktdfks ehfpktdam) datkran` lkpnrtfkats. Okenusk dt rkqudrks n bualnfkatn` fnikhvkr da tck wny na hrmnadzntdha ds strueturkl nal fnanmkl, Wrhekss Fnanmkfkat ds hbtka tck fhst ecn``kamdam hb  tck tcrkk Udx Udmfn strntkmdks th fnstkr. Akvkrtck`kss, wdtchut Wrhekss Fnanmkfkat, Udx Udmfn ds hbtka lhhfkl th okehfk just nahtckr b`nvhr-hb-tckfhatc prhmrnf. Da mkakrn`, Wrhekss Fnanmkfkat dae`ulks:  

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Lkbdadam prhekssks, iky eusthfkr rkqudrkfkats rkqudrkfkats nal prhekss ‐hwakrs.‖ Fknsurdam pkrbhrfnaek th eusthfkr rkqudrkfkats nal iky prhekss daldenthrs. Nan`yzdam lntn th kacnaek fknsurks nal rkbdak tck prhekss fnanmkfkat fkecnadsfs. Ehatrh``dam pkrbhrfnaek tcrhumc hamhdam fhadthrdam hb daputs/hpkrntdhas/hutputs nal rksphaldam qudei`y th prho`kfs nal prhekss vnrdntdhas.

Thu fny cnvk ahtdekl tcnt da Wrhekss Fnanmkfkat, wk ena npp`y fhst hb tck fnjhr stkps hut`dakl nohvk (Lkbdak, Fknsurk, Nan`yzk, nal Ehatrh`9 wk sidp Dfprhvk)“tchumc tck bheus ds ha na katdrk prhekss, aht just n spkedbde prho`kf hr lksdma ecn``kamk.

Wrhekss Fnanmkfkat tkals th kvh`vk ns n ousdakss kxpnals dts Udx Udmfn kbbhrt nal lkkpkas dts iahw`klmk hb dts prhekssks, pkhp`k, nal eusthfkrs. ]cd`k dt fny tnik bdvk hr fhrk yknrs bhr n ehfpnay th necdkvk ;υ hr 2υ da shfk hb dts

 

?7

\CK UDS UDMFN ]NT \KNF BDK@LOHHI

2υ

ehrk prhekssks, dt wd`` prhono`y tnik twdek ns `ham bhr tck ehfpnay th kvh`vk brhf n rknetdhanry fnanmkfkat-oy-tck-sknt-hb-tck-pnats hutbdt dath na hrmnadzntdha tcnt prhnetdvk`y fnanmks dts prhekssks wdtc tck snfk prkedsdha ns dt fnanmks dts kqudpfkat. Wrhekss Fnanmkfkat ds whri tcnt ousdakss `knlkrs lh th dfprhvk tckdr prhekssks bhr fnanmdam tck ousdakss. Ns suec, dt lhks aht usun``y bn`` wdtcda tck nutchrdty hb n Udx Udmfn dfprhvkfkat tknf, nal tckrkbhrk ds aht ehvkrkl da tcds  ohhi. Out ns n Udx Udmfn tknf fkfokr fkfokr hr `knlkr `knlkr, ok nwnr nwnrkk yhur whri fny ok dab`ukaekl oy (hr ck`p th dab`ukaek) orhnlkr kbbhrts mhdam ha da yhur hrmnadzntdha. Ensk Utuly: Uurvdvdam tck Ucnik-Hut Lht Ehfkly ds hak hb tck bkw survdvhrs hb tck k-ousdakss scnik-hut. \ck ehfpnay, bhrfkl oy n cusonal nal wdbk stnalup tknf da (wckrk k`sk8) tckdr mnrnmk, cns mrhwa dath n phpu`nr prhvdlkr hb mnm k-fnd`s nal jhiks tcnt schw up da pkhp`k—s k`ketrhade fnd`ohxks nal ousdakss prkskatntdhas tcrhumchut Ahrtc Nfkrden. M`hon` kxpnasdha ds stnrtdam akxt yknr, wdtc Lht Ehfkly Jnpna mknrdam up bhr `nuaec.  Ns tck ehfpnay mrkw, mrkw, chwkvkr, tck bhualkrs nal akw fnanmkfkat tknf okenfk daerknsdam`y uaehfbhrtno`k. ‐D iahw wk—rk fnidam fhaky,‖ sndl cnrrdkl eh-bhualkr _df Ucht, ‐out tcnt—s nohut dt.‖ Cds wdbk, @htn @nknbbs, kxprksskl sdfd`nr ldsfny. ‐D—f nbrndl tck akw M`hon` Mrhup nal tck lhfkstde pkhp`k nrk aht ehhpkrntdam wdtc knec htckr. ]cy ldl tcky akkl twh ldbbkrkat jhik tkstdam skrvdeks8‖ Kxp`ndadam (wk``, wcdadam) nohut chw knsy nal sdfp`k tck ehfpnay wns da tck mhhl h`lcnal-pdeikl mnrnmk lnysWrksdlkat, (tcrkk yknrs nmh), Lht Ehfkly—s hwakrs nsikl tckdr Ahnc Ljhci, bhr dlkns. ‐D—vk okka prkpnrdam bhr tcds,‖ Ljhci rksphalkl. ‐D tcdai wk akkl th stnrt shfk Wrhekss Fnanmkfkat whri. ]cnt uskl th ok sdfp`k tnsis tcnt yhu twh ehu`l lh ha yhur hwa cnvk on``hhakl dath sdx lkpnrtfkats nal =77 pkhp`k. Out ah hak cns kvkr `hhikl enrkbu``y nt tchsk lkpnrtfkats nal chw tcky bdt thmktckr. Udaek D—vk okka ckrk D—vk okka whrrdkl tcnt wk cnvk ah mhhl lntn ha chw ldbbkrkat netdvdtdks nrk whridam9 dt—s `dik b`ydam n p`nak wdtc yhur kyks e`hskl.‖ ‐\cnt—s chw dt bkk`s th fk,‖ sndl Ucht. ‐Uh, D—vk tkatntdvk`y secklu`kl n fkktdam th mkt stnrtkl ha dlkatdbydam

wcnt nrk fknsurks hur ehrk prhekssks. ]k akkl mkt shfk skask hb hwakrscdp nal nrhual tckf,‖ sndl th Ljhci. ‐@kt—s lh dt!‖ tck twh ehfkldnas kxe`ndfkl da uadsha. Ds Lht Ehfkly lhdam tck rdmct tcdam8 Tks! Nal ckrk—s wcy:

 

2υ

Ecnptkr ?. \crkk ]nys th Udx Udmfn 

Bhr tck fhfkat, tck ousdakss ds kajhydam mrknt sueekss. \ckrk nrk (nppnrkat) prho`kfs, out bdanaedn` nal eusthfkr rksu`ts nrk strham.

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Ha tck htckr cnal, tck ehfpnay ds mrhwdam fhrk ehfp`kx nal

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tck akkl bhr dabhrfntdha chw tcdams nrk okehfdam fhrk erdtden`. Uhfk sdmas ha hb rklualnaedks da hpkrntdam prhekssks dsnrk schwdam. 

Oy mkttdam n e`knrkr vdkw hb tck prhekssks da p`nek nt Lht Ehfkly, dae`uldam tckdr datkrlkpkalkaedks, tck ehfpnay wd`` ok no`k th okttkr nsskss dts pkrbhrfnaek, dlkatdby trkals nal ecnamks, dfprhvk dts ualkrstnaldam hb ecnamdam eusthfkr rkqudrkfkats, nal tnik netdha th nllrkss prho`kfs nal hpphrtuadtdks prhfpt`y.

[sdam N`` \crkk Utrntkmdks \ckrk ds n prkedsk pnrn``k` oktwkka tck kvh`utdha hb prhekss dfprhvkfkat tknfs nal tck kvh`utdha hb fnanmkfkat wdtcda n ehfpnay ehfpnay.. Kvkry tknf wd`` cnvk th lkbdak eusthfkrs nal k`dfdantk tck lkbkets da prhluet nal skrvdeks tcnt fnik tckf uacnppy thlny (Wrhekss Dfprhvkfkat). \cky fny cnvk th erkntk katdrk`y akw suo-prhekssks th k`dfdantk nal prkvkat lkbkets. ]cka prhekssks rknec tckdr u`tdfntk enpnod`dty nal std`` ena—t fkkt daerknskl eusthfkr rkqudrkfkats, tknfs wd`` cnvk th stnrt brhf serntec th erkntk akw prhekssks (Wrhekss Lksdma/_klksdma) tcnt ena lk`dvkr qun`dty nt tck . ?. 5. : \ck @knlkrscdp Mrhup hr Ehuaed` \ck `knlkrscdp ehuaed` ehasdsts hb skadhr fnanmkrs da tck ousdakss, mntckrkl da n bhruf lksdmakl th ck`p tckf `knraDandts akw wny th fnanmk tck oy ldrket kxpkrdkaek wdtc Udx Udmfn tknfs. anturn` `knlkrscdp rh`k,ousdakss tcds mrhup p`nas nal kxkeutks tck Udx Udmfn dfp`kfkatntdha p`na. Da tck bdrst stnmks hb tck Udx Udmfn rh``-hut, tck @knlkrscdp Mrhup fust … >. Lkvk Lkvk`h `hp p n strh strham am rrnt ntdh dhan an`k `k bhr lhdam Udx Udmfn spkedbde th tck ehfpnay—s akkls. ?. W`na W`na nal netd netdvk` vk`y y pnr pnrtded tdedpnt pntk k da ttck ck dfp` dfp`kfk kfkatn atntdha tdha. Da tck h`l sthry nohut n orknibnst hb kmms nal oneha, tck ecdeika ds davh`vkl davh`vkl out  out tck pdm ds ehffdttkl.. @dikwdsk, tck @knlkrscdp mrhup fust ok ehffdttkl th ldrket ehffdttkl davh`vkfkat da tck datrhluetdha hb Udx Udmfn th tckdr hrmnadzntdha. 5. Erkntk n vdsdh dha a nal na datkran` ‐ecnamk fnriktdam‖ p`na th sk`` Udx Udmfn th tck iky eusthfkrs dasdlk tck hrmnadzntdha.