The silver coinage of Cappadocia, Vespasian-Commodus / by William E. Metcalf

NUMISMATIC

AND

NOTES

MONOGRAPHS

No. 166

THE

SILVER

COINAGE

OF

CAPPADOCIA,

VESPASIAN-COMMODUS

BY

THE

AMERICAN

EL METCALF

WILLIAM

NUMISMATIC

SOCIETY,

NEW

1996

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YORK

NUMISMATIC

NOTES

AND MONOGRAPHS

No. 166

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COPYRIGHT © 1996 THEAMERICAN NUMISMATIC SOCIETY NEWYORK ISSN 0078-2718 ISBN 0-89722-254-7

WETTEREN PRINTED IN BELGIUM ATCULTURA,

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D. M. F. M. S.

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THE

SILVER

COINAGE

OF

CAPPADOCIA,

VESPASIAN-COMMODUS

BY WILLIAM

THE

AMERICAN

E. METCALF

NUMISMATIC

SOCIETY,

NEW

1996

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YORK

TABLE

OF CONTENTS ix

PREFACE BIBLIOGRAPHY

AND ABBREVIATIONS

1

INTRODUCTION ADDITIONAL

xi 5

NOTE 1995

CATALOGUE OF THE HOARD

7 7

Vespasian Domitian

9

Nerva

13

Trajan Hadrian

14 28

AntoninusPius

30

Marcus Aurelius

30

Lucius Verus

36

Commodus

40

Denarius of Domitian

46 47

COMENTAR Y ON REIGNS Vespasian Titus

47

Domitian

50

Nerva

53

Trajan Hadrian

55 62

AntoninusPius

65

Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus

65

50

vii

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viii

Contents

Marcus Aurelius and Commodus

72

Commodus

74

VOLUME

77

METROLOGY

81

ROME AND THE CAPPADOCIAN COINAGE

83

CONSPECTUS OF CAESAREAN SILVER COINAGE ...

91

Vespasian Titus

92

Domitian

97

Nerva

99

97

102

Trajan Hadrian

117

AntoninusPius

125

Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus

130

Marcus Aurelius and Commodus

134

Commodus

138

APPENDICES

147 147

1. A Note on the "MünchenerFundkomplex,, 2. Coins No Longer Attributableto Caesarea 3. The Silver and Copper Coinage of Caesarea . 4. "Ghosts"

148 .

.

.

.

5. Concordance,Sydenham and Metcalf INDICES 1. Obverse Legends 2. Reverse Legends 3. Obverse Types 4. Reverse Types

149 151 153 161 161 163 165 166

KEY TO PLATES 52-54

171

PLATES

175

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PREFACE This study began as a treatmentof a large hoard of silvercoins of Cappadocia extendingfromthe reign of Vespasian to that of Cornmodus. As study of the hoard proceeded it became evident that its implicationsforthe mintof Caesarea were considerable,and a secondaryobjectivebecame feasible:the presentationof a conspectusof the silver coins of Caesarea in Cappadocia fromthe reign of Vespasian throughthat of Commodus. The studyis limitedin two ways. The coppercoinage is omittedfor, the typesapart, thereis littledirectconnectionbetweenthe silverand the baser coins of Caesarea. The silvercoinage is continuousand stable, while the copper is sporadic and of unpredictablestandard. The copper issues are often asynchronousand frequently,nominallyat least, struckon local authority;while,it will be argued,duringmany periodsthe silvercoinageis directlyconnectedwith,ifnot producedat, the imperial mint at Rome. The chronologicallimitationsare dictated mainly by the hoard itself. Its evidenceconvenientlyabuts that assembled(and graciously made available) by Dr. AndrewBurnettof the BritishMuseum,now incorporatedin Roman Provincial Coinage 1. On the one hand the coinage of the subsequent period is so fullyrepresentedin the hoard that the need fora moreextensivesurveyof materialpreservedworldwide has been obviated; on the other,to extendthe studybeyondthe terminusof the hoardwould have involvedmanyyears' delay in treating the most difficultperiod of Caesarea's silver coinage. The work is divided into two parts. The firstis a straightforward and ratherspare catalogue of coins fromthe portionof the hoard examinedat the ANS. As appropriate,die linkageto a second part of the hoard,recordedby Dr. WolframWeiserof Cologne,is noted. Commentaries on the coinage of the several reignsas well as sectionsdealing with general problemsreferboth to the hoard catalogue and to the conspectus,whichconsistsofa summaryofthe knownsilvercoinageof the mint. It restsprimarily(thoughby no means exclusively,particularlyforthe smallerdenominations)on the evidenceof the hoard,but some differences of presentation,necessitatedby an attemptto illustrate internaldie linkage in the hoard catalogue, will be noted. ix

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X

Preface

This publicationhas been long in preparationbut it would not have been possible at all without the cooperation of many individuals. During the briefperiod that the hoard was available forexamination and recording,mycolleaguesDr. CarmenArnold-Biucchiand Dr. Alan M. Stahl droppedotherprojectsto assist in the sortingand identification of dies, and CarmenArnold-Biucchicontinuedto be involved in study of the hoard afterthe coins left the premises. To Alan Stahl belongsthe creditfordiscoveryof the bilingualTrajanic didrachms. On very short notice, Robert J. Myersdonated his time, labor, and materialsto create the photographicrecordwhichpermittedmoreleisurely study, and which has been used for the plates. I have also profitedfromdiscussionwithand assistancefromAndrewM. Burnett and Dr. Ian A. Carradiceof the BritishMuseum,London, Dr. Michel Amandryof the Cabinet des Médailles, Paris, and WolframWeiser. Dr. GüntherDembski of the Staatliche Kunstsammlung,Vienna, Dr. ChristopherHowgego of the AshmoleanMuseum,Oxford,and Dr. H.D. Schultz of the Staatliche Museen zu Berlin all provided casts on and shortnotice. Richard G. McAlee of Baltimoresharedinformation assisted with and Ocello of in his Claudia coins collection, photographs the finalphotographs.The manuscriptwas broughttogetherin final formduring my membershipin the Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton,to which I am profoundlygratefulforthe opportunityto pursue this and other projects. The principal credit for this work, however,belongs to the late Frances M. Schwartz. She was presentat the museumwhenthe hoard was firstbroughtin forexamination,and undertook,withcharacteristic enthusiasmand care, the die comparisonforthe major portionof it main(late Trajan and Commodus). She coordinatedthe photography, tained necessaryrecords,and in generalkeptthe projectalive untilher finalillness. Her death on July16, 1984, virtuallyhalted work,which has proceededin fitsand startsever since. Althoughnot a wordof the text was writtenby her, she providedthe impetusforits completion and deservesthe lion's shareofthe creditforany contributionit makes to our understandingof Roman provincialminting,withoutof course being responsibleforany errorsor oversights.This is a belated and inadequate memorialto herdiligence,herdevotion,and our friendship. William E. Metcalf December 1989

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

AND

ABBREVIATIONS

M. Amandry"Rome et Caesarée,didrachmede drachme de Trajan à légendelatine/' BSFN 41.4 (April 1986), pp. 36-39. Asia Minor. H. Mattingly,"A Hoard of Imperial Drachms and DidrachmsfromCaesareain Cappadocia,"NC5 12 (1932), pp. 238-39. Baldwin. A. Baldwin,"Un trésormonétairedécouvertà Césaréeen Cappadoce," Aréthuse4 (1927), pp. 145-72. Bar. M. Bar, "Les monnaiesgrecquesde Césaréede Cappadoce (ier-mes.ap. J.-C.) trouvéesen Europe," CENB 22.3 (July-Sept.1985), pp. 53-63. Bastien. P. Bastien,"Une nouvellemonnaied'argentde Pescennius Nigerémise à Césarée de Cappadoce," CENB 9.4 (1972), pp. 69-71. Blanchet. J. A. Blanchet,"Monnaiesde Césaréede Cappadoce,"RN 3, 13 (1895), pp. 65-78. Bland et al. R. F. Bland, À. M. Burnett,and S. Bendall,"The Mints of PescenniusNiger,"NC 147 (1987), pp. 65-83. BMCGalatia. W. Wroth,BritishMuseum. Catalogueof the Coins of Galatia, Cappadocia, and Syria (London, 1899). BMCRE. H. Mattinglyand R. A. G. Carson,eds., Coins of the RomanEmpirein theBritishMuseum(London,1923- ). Carter. G. F. Carter,"A SimplifiedMethodforCalculatingthe Original Number of Dies from Die Link Statistics," ANSMN 28 (1983), pp. 195-206. Carradiceand Cowell. I. Carradiceand M. Cowell,"The MintingofRoman in the East: VespaImperialBronzeCoinsforCirculation sian to Trajan," NC 147 (1987), pp. 26-50. Eki. G. H. Dunďua, MonetnyekladyGruzii: kladyrimskikh monetiz ss. Eki i Sepieti[Coinhoardsof Georgia: hoards of Roman coins fromEki and Sepieti] (Tbilisi, 1979). Text in Russian,cataloguein Georgian. Guler. O. Guler, "Erciyes-KapadokyaSikkeleri,"Antika3.26 (May, 1987), pp. 26-32. Golenko. K. V. Golenko,Denezhnoe obraschenie Kolkhidyv rimskoe uremia [Monetarycirculationof Colchis during the Roman period] (Leningrad, State Publishing House, 1964). xi Amandry.

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xii

Bibliography and Abbreviations

Gwatkin.

W. E. Gwatkin,Cappadocia as a Roman Procuratorial Province , Universityof MissouriStudies5.4 (Columbia, 1930). von Eusebeia Herrli. H. Herrli,"Die 'autonomen'Bronzemünzen und Kaisareia in Kappadokien," NNb 34.3 (1985), pp. 60-71. G. Macdonald,ed., CatalogueofGreekCoinsin theHunteHunter. rian Collection , University of Glasgow(Glasgow, 18991905). Ivashchenko. M. M. Ivashchenko,"Gerzeulskiiklad monetkesariikapakademiiaistoriimatepadokiiaskoi,"Gosudarstvennaia rialnoikultury,Izvestiia7 (1931), pp. 1-19. Kindler. A. Kindler,The Coinageof Bostra (Warminster,Eng., 1983). Cezareikapadockiejza Kunisz,"Trajan." A. Kunisz,"Srebrnemennictwo panowaniaTrajana (98-117)," ZeszytyNaukoweUniwerz. 70 (1981), 613, Prace Historyczne sytetu Jagiellonskiego pp. 39-60. Kunisz, "Trajan et Hadrian." A. Kunisz, "Le Monnayaged'argentde Césarée à Cappadoce sous le règnesde Trajan et de Hadrien,"in I. A. Carradiceet al., eds.,Proceedings ofthe Tenth InternationalCongressof Numismatics , London, 1986, pp. 201-6. September Monnaies GrecMonnaies Imhoof-Blumer, Grecques.F. Imhoof-Blumer, ques (Leipzig, 1883). und "Zur griechischen "Münzkunde."F. Imhoof-Blumer, Imhoof-Blumer, römischenMünzkunde,"RSN 8 (1898), pp. 1-48. Münzenaus meinerSammlung A. Löbbecke,"Griechische Löbbecke. II," ZfN 12 (1885), pp. 307-51. Mattingly,"Caesarea." H. Mattingly,"A Hoard of ImperialDidrachms and Drachms fromCaesarea in Cappadocia," NC5 12 (1932), pp. 238-39. S. W. Grose,CatalogueoftheMcCleanCollection McClean. of Greek Coins (Cambridge,1923-29). Metcalf,"Tell Kalak." W. E. Metcalf,"The Tell Kalak Hoard and Trajan's ArabianMint,"ANSMN 20 (1975), pp. 39-108. Metcalf,Cistophori.W. E. Metcalf,The Cistophori ofHadrian, ANSNb 15 (1980). Metcalf,ANSAR. W. E. Metcalf,"Roman and Byzantine,"ANS Annual Report1983, p. 14, 12-16. Milik and Seyrig. J. T. Milik and H. Seyrig,"Trésor monétairede Murabb'at,"RN 6.1 (1958), pp. 11-26. de médaillesantiques,grecques T. E. Mionnet,Description Mionnet. et romains , vols. 1-6 (Paris, 1806-13).

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Bibliography and Abbreviations

xiii

A. Negev, "Notes on Some Trajanic Drachmsfromthe MampsisHoard," JNG 21 (1971), pp. 115-20. D. Nony,"Le monnayagede PescenniusNigerà Césarée Nony. de Cappadoce," Latomus30 (1971), pp. 345-51. Nordbo. J. H. Nordbe,"The ImperialSilverCoinageof Amisus E. ChrisA.D.," in A. Damsgaard-Madsen, 131/2-137/8 tiansen,and E. Hallager,eds., Studiesin AncientHistory and NumismaticsPresentedto Rudi Thomsen(Aarhus, 1988), pp. 166-78. Pick. B. Pick,"Über einigeMünzenderrömischen Kaiserzeit," ZfN 9 (1890), pp. 180-97. H. Mattingly,E. A. Sydenham,et al., Roman Imperiai RIC. Coinage(London, 1923- ). Referencesto RIC 1 are to the second edition by C. H. V. Sutherland(London, 1984). SNG. Graecorum. SyllogeNummorum SNG: The Royal Collection SNGCop. of Coins and Medals, Danish NationalMuseum(Copenhagen,1955). SNGFitz. SNG [GreatBritain],vol. 4, FitzwilliamMuseum:Leake and GeneralCollections (London, 1967). SNGvAulock. SNG Deutschland.Sammlungvon Aulock. Spijkerman. A. Spijkerman,The Coinsof theDecapolisand Provincia Arabia, editedwitha historicaland geographicalintroductionby MichelePiccirillo,Studia Biblici Franciscani CollectioMinor25 (Jerusalem,1978). Sydenham(or S.). E. A. Sydenham,TheCoinageofCaesareain Cappadocia (London, 1933); rpt. withsuppl.,Alex G. Malloy (New York, 1978). R. Teja, "Kappadokien in der Prinzipatszeit,"ANRW Teja. 11.7.2 (Berlinand New York, 1980), pp. 1083-1124. van Heesch. J. van Heesch, "Les ateliersmonétairesde Pescennius Niger,"RBN 124 (1978), pp. 57-72. van Hoof. C. van Hoof,"Zur syrischen der Tetradrachmenprägung römischenKaiserzeit. Ein neuerSchatzfund,"JNG 36 (1986), pp. 107-26. Walker,Metrology 1, 2, 3. D. R. Walker,TheMetrology oftheRomanSilver , BAR Supp. Coinage:pt. 1, From Augustusto Domitian Ser. 5 (Oxford,1977); pt. 2, From Nerva to Commodus , BAR Supp. Ser. 22 (Oxford,1977;pt. 3, FromPertinazto Aemilian, BAR Supp. Ser. 40 (Oxford,1978). Weber. L. Forrer,The WeberCollection:GreekCoins (London, 1922-29). Weder. M. R. Weder,"Zu den Arabia DrachmenTraians," SM 27 (1977), pp. 57-61. Negev.

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xiv

Bibliography and Abbreviations

Weiser.

Weiss. Zedelius.

W. Weiser,"Ein Teil einesumfangreichen FundeskappadokischerSilbermünzen der römischenKaiserzeit,"Epigraphica Anatolica 3 (1984), pp. 109-32, "Kölner Fundkomolex." P. Weiss,"Argaios/Erciyas Dagi - HeiligerBergKappadokiensMonumenteund Ikonographie," JNG 35 (1985), pp. 21-48. V. Zedelius,"Untersuchungen zurMünzprägung von Pertinax bis ClodiusAlbinus,"Ph.D. diss., Münster,1977.

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INTRODUCTION

In May 1983 a lot of over 900 silver coins was presentedat the AmericanNumismaticSocietyforexamination. It consisted,withthe exceptionof a singleDomitianicdenarius,of didrachmsconventionally attributedto Caesarea in Cappadocia. The relativewear of the coins was consistentwith the residueof a hoard and, indeed, it was so describedby the vendor; he was unable or unwillingto provide reliable informationregardingits findspotor point of export. Coins of Caesarea as well as reports(unsubstantiatedfromour point of view) of a large hoard had been filtering throughthe trade forsome time. Afterwe saw these coins, Dr. WolframWeiser publisheda portion of what he called the Cappadocian findin EpigraphicaAnatolica.* Therecan be littledoubt that the presentlot is part of the same aggregation as that published by Weiser and estimated by him at 2,500 coins,and as the one publishedin Coin Hoards 7 (1985), 156, reported to have been foundnear Kayseri in 1980. The hoard is said thereto have amountedto ca. 2,000 silvercoins of whichover 100 weredenarii; therewerealso two Lycian drachms. It appears that soon afterdiscovery the lot was broken up and that the portion we examined was intendedto include only didrachms,the Domitianic denarius having been included by accident. As the comparisonon p. 2 makes clear, except forthe reignof Commodus,thereis littleoverlap betweenthe lot published here and that published by Weiser.2 In the followingcatalogue,the coins are arrangedchronologically by ruler,then by type; economyof presentationhas combinedwith the 1 The nameis usefulinsofar as it distinguishes hisand thislotfrom Baldwin's 1927Caesareafind. 2 Other coinsprobably orcertainly from thefindarelistedbyWeiser, p. 110,n.3, andp. 114,n. 17. ThelistofCaesarean coinsfollowing Table1 haveappeared inthe tradesinceWeiser wrote(including somepublished byhim),butit is bynomeans Therecouldbe nomoregraphic demonstration ofthevelocity with comprehensive. whichfragile hoardevidence can be lost,norclearer forthekindof justification record hereand in Weiser. attempted 1

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2

Introduction

mint'sown practiceto indicatethat sometimesthe obverse,sometimes the reversetype is the major control. Within each type, coins with significantdie linksare usually placed at the head. Othercoins follow as die linkagesuggestsand in descendingorderof weight;no attempt has been made to trace die progressions.Weightand axis are given, and the "remarks"columnnotesall die linkswithinthe hoardand with Weiser. The hoardis illustratedas completelyas possibleon Plates 1 to 51. Plates 52-54 includerepresentative coins,mainlyof denominations otherthan the didrachm,identifiedin the key on pp. 171-73. To make clear certainaspects ofthe die linkageit has been necessary formsof numberingdies. These are noted as to use several different the appropriatethrough catalogue,wherenumberingofdies beginsat 1 or A foreach emperoror major discreteissue. An asterisk(*) adjacent to the runningcatalogue numberindicatesthosecoinswhichare now in the collectionof the American NumismaticSociety. Table 1 of Caesarea and Weiser Comparison Weiser Caesarea Hemidrachms Denarii Drachms Didrachms Denarius Didrachms 1 (1) Tiberius 1 (2) 1 (8) 1 (7) 2 (5-6) Vespasian 52(1-52) 1 (3) 1 (9) Domitian 98(53-150) 1 (932) 10(151-160) Nerva Trajan 1 (4) 4 (14, 10(10-13, 41(161-201) Early 15-16, 17-19) 21-23) 9 (24-27, 50(28-39, 111-114 255(202-456) 42-44, 40-41, 45-46, 64) 47-63, 65-82) 28(83-110) 114-116 53(457-509) 37(111-47) 12(148-59) Hadrian 18(510-27) 34(160-93) Antoninus 5 (528-32) 1 (194) 161(533-693) M.Aurelius L. Verus 101(694-794) Commodus 5 (195-199) Undated 3 (795-97) 24(200-223) 36(798-833) Yr.3 35(224-258) 98(834-931) Yr.4 4 38 136 80 1 931 Total:

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Introduction

3

Partial List of Coins in Trade since Weiser 1984 Schulten (Cologne) 25-27 Oct. 1984: 192 (hemidrachmof Vespasian, rev. Nike r.); 208 (didrachmof Domitian,rev. "Apollo"); 282 (didrachmof M. Aurelius, rev. Mt. Argaeus); 298-99 (didrachmsof Commodus,Weiser 201 and 220). 22-23 April 1985: 398 (didrachm of Domitian, rev. Nike r.); 403 (didrachmof Domitian,rev. quadriga); 516 (didrachmof M. Aurelius, rev. Mt. Argaeus);540-42 (didrachmsof Commodus,rev. Mt. Argaeus, includingWeiser 212). 20-22 Oct. 1987: 462 (hemidrachmof Titus, rev. Nike r.); 473 (didrachmof Domitian,rev. Athena r.); 499 (didrachmof Trajan, rev. Artemis[?] bust); 559 (didrachmof AntoninusPius, rev. Eusebeia); 583 (didrachmof M. Aurelius,rev. Mt. Argaeus); 599 (didrachmof L. Verus); 608-9 (didrachmsof Commodus,Weiser 219 and 197). 1-3 April 1987: 753 (didrachmof Commodus,Weiser 236). Müller (Sollingen) 45, 16-17 Mar. 1984: 233-34 (didrachms of Commodus,rev. Mt. Argaeus). 47, 28-29 Sept. 1984: 217 (didrachmof Vespasian, rev. Nike r.); 220 (hemidrachmof Hadrian, rev. Nike r.); 221 (hemidrachmof Hadrian, rev. club); 223-24 (didrachms of L. Verus, rev. Mt. Argaeus); 225 (didrachmof Commodus,rev. Mt. Argaeus). 52, 26-27 June 1986: 173 (didrachmof AntoninusPius, rev. club); 174 (didrachmof Commodus,rev. Mt. Argaeus). 55, 12-13 June 1987: 159-60 (didrachmsof Domitian, rev. Athena and club); 161 (hemidrachm of Domitian, rev. Homonoia); 164 (didrachmof AntoninusPius, rev. Mt. Argaeus). 56, 25-26 Sept. 1987: 248 (didrachm of Trajan, rev. Artemis[?] bust); 249 (didrachmof M. Aurelius,rev. Mt. Argaeus); 250 (didrachm of L. Verus,rev. Mt. Argaeus); 251 (didrachmof Commodus,rev. Mt. Argaeus). 57, 27-28 Feb. 1988: 140-42 (didrachmsof Trajan, rev. Artemis[?] bust,club, Mt. Argaeus); 143 (didrachmof Hadrian, rev. Mt. Argaeus); 144 (didrachmof M. Aurelius,rev. Mt. Argaeus).

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4

Introduction Athena (Munich)

2: 4 Oct. 1988, 340 (didrachmof M. Aurelius,rev. Mt. Argaeus);346 (didrachmof L. Verus,rev. Mt. Argaeus); 348-49 (didrachmsof Commodus,rev. Mt. Argaeus). This sale also includesthe apparentlyunrelated Trajanic tridrachmand didrachmwith standardsand eagle respectively,305-6. Bankhaus Aufhäuser(Munich) FPL 6, n.d. [Apr. 1988]: 306-7 (didrachmsof Domitian, rev. quadriga, Athena); 309 (didrachm of Nerva, rev. Mt. Argaeus); 325-26 (drachms of Trajan, rev. "Artemis," clasped hands); 373-79 (didrachmsof M. Aurelius,rev. Mt. Argaeus); 380 (tridrachmof M. Aurelius,rev. Mars); 381 (tridrachmof M. Aurelius,rev. altar); 382 (tridrachmof M. Aurelius,rev. eagle); 383 (tridrachmof M. Aurelius, rev. temple); 393-95 (didrachmsof L. Verus, rev. Mt. Argaeus); 403 (tridrachmof CommodusCaesar, rev. altar); 404-5 (tridrachmof Commodus Caesar, rev. eagle); 406 (tridrachmof CommodusCaesar, rev. temple); 407-11 (didrachmsof Commodus); 436, a drachm of Julia Domna of A.D. 197, is too worn to be consideredpart of the hoard.

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ADDITIONAL

NOTE

1995

Since this manuscriptwas sent to presstherehave been two significant additionsto the bibliographyof the period under discussion. In the first,Kevin Butcher takes up the question of overvaluationof provincialsilver raised by D. R. Walker. He employsWalker's own analyses of denariiand Cappadocian silver,and concludesthat if the Caesarean drachm is viewed as the equivalent of a Rhodian drachm (i.e. 3/4 of a denarius),there is no overvaluationat all.1 The secondis moreimportant, and has a directbearingon the distinctionmade here,p. 48, betweenthe Roman and local-styleissuesofVespasian.2 Butcher,now in collaborationwithM. Ponting,analyzesFlavian didrachmsof Roman and provincialstyle. The authorsconcludethat whilethe silvercontentof the two groupsis virtuallyidentical,witha 50:50 silvencopperratiobeingthegoal, the Roman grouphas significantdemonstrate lyhigherlead content.Moreover,"thetraceelementprofiles that the copper and silverused to make this alloy differsignificantly betweenthetwonumismatically definedissuesby virtueoftheirimpurity levels" and the trace elementratiosare "basicallythe same fordenarii issued at Rome and Caesarean coins of the Rome style." This second contribution is based on analyses which differ fromWalker's(whichshowedsomewhathighersilverconsignificantly tent forboth Roman and provincialissues) and whichshow a significantly lower standard deviation. They suggestthat Walker's results were affectedby the effectiveness of the blanchingprocessin ancient timesand subsequentlyby the effectsofcorrosion. In thisrespectthey confirmskepticismexpressedelsewhereregardingthe utilityof Walker's results.. 1 K. Butcher, "RhodianDrachms at Caesareain Cappadocia," NC 152(1992), pp.41-48. 2 K. Butcher andM. Ponting, "RomeandtheEast:Production ofRomanProvincialCoinageforCaesareain Cappadocia underVespasian, A.D. 69-79,"Oxford Journal , 14.1(March1995),pp.63-77. ofArchaeology 5

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CATALOGUE

OF THE

HOARD

VESPASIAN, A.D. 69-79 Obo. AYTOKPA KAICAP OYECTTACIANOCCEBACTOC. Head of Vespasian laureate r. Rev. A. AYTO KAI OYECTTACIANOCCEBACTOY YIOC. Head of Titus laureate r. Provincial style 1-26. Undated Coin 1. 2. 3. *4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23.

Obv./Rev. Weight Axis 1 /A1 6.61 12 1 /A2 6.34 12 1 /A3 5.83 12 2 /A3 6.36 12 2 /A4 6.92 12 3 /A5 6.33 12 3 /A6 5.97 12 4 /A6 5.65 12 4 /A7 6.43 12 A? 6.50 12 4?/ 5 /A8 6.64 12 5 /A8 6.52 12 6 /A9 6.15 12 6 /A10 6.05 12 7 /All 6.82 12 8 /A12 6.82 12 9 /A13 6.59 12 6.43 12 10/A14 6.40 12 11/A15 6.38 12 12/A16 6.35 12 13/A17 6.21 12 14/A18 6.20 12 15/A19

Remarks Obv. of 2, 3. Obv. of 1, 3. Obv. of 1, 2. Rev. of 4. Obv. of 5, 27 (Nike). Rev. of 3. Obv. of 4, 27 (Nike). Obv. of 7. Obv. of 6. Rev. of 8. Obv. of 9, 10? Rev. of 7. Obv. of 8, 10? Obv. of 8? 9? Dies of 12. Dies of 11. Obv. of 14. Obv. of 13.

7

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Hoard Catalogue

8 24. *25. 26.

16/A20 /7/A21 18/A22

6.10 5.97 5.91

12 12 12

Obv. of 28 (Nike), 29 (Nike).

Rev.B. NIKH C6BACTH Rev. Bl. Nike flyingr., wreathin r., palm in 1. Provincial style 27-40. *27. *28. *29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40.

2/B1 17/B2 J7/B3 18/B4 19/B5 20/B6 21/B7 22/B8 23/B9 24/B10 25/B11 26/B12 27/B13 28/B14

6.38 6.96 6.43 6.83 6.63 6.58 6.57 6.51 6.44 6.36 6.35 6.33 6.32 6.12

12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12

Obv. of 4, 5 (Titus). Obv. of 25 (Titus), 29. Obv. of 25 (Titus), 28.

Rev. B2. Nike, on elongatedbase flyingr. wreathin r., palm in 1. Provincial style 41, Roman style 42. 41. 42.

V ?/B? 29 /B15

6.68 6.52

12 6

Rev. C. TITOC AYTOKPATOJPKAICAP ETOYC 0. Titus standing front,head 1.; spear in r., sheathed sword in 1. Provincial style 43-45, Roman style 46. Year 43. 44. 45. 46.

9, A.D. 77/8 6.47 30/C1 6.39 31/C2 6.24 32/C3 5.95 33/C4

12 12 12 6

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Domitian

9

Rev. D. AOMITIANOC KAICAP CEB YIO ET 0, Domitian, togate, standingfront,head 1., olive branch in 1. Provincial style. 47. 34/Dl 6.88 12 48. 35/D2 6.71 12 49. 36/D3 6.61 12 50. 37/D4 6.57 12 *51. 38/D5 6.44 12 52. 39/D6 6.27 12

DOMITIAN, A.D. 81-96

Obv, AYT KAI AOMITIANOC CEBACTOC TEPM. Head laureate r. Rev. ETO ir Rev. A. Mt. Argaeus;on summit,Helios radiate standing1.,globe in r., scepter in 1. Year 13, A.D. 92/3. 53. 1/Al 6.60 54. 2/Al 6.67 *55. 3/Al 6.51 *56. 4/A2 6.56 57. 5/A2 6.38 58. 6/A3 6.65 *59. 7/A4 6.65 *60. 8/A5 6.66 *61. 9/A6 6.50 *62. Í5/A7 6.35

6 6

6 6 6 6

Rev. Rev. Obv. Rev. Rev.

of 54, 55. of 53, 55. of 91 (Athena). Rev. of 53, 54. of 57. of 56.

Obv. of 72 (Athena).

Rev. R. Apollo (?) bust laureate draped 1., scepter in r., cup or patera in 1. *63. 10IBI 6.44 6 Obv. of 66-68 (Athena), 131 (Nike). Rev. C. Athena standingr., owl in r., spear in 1. *64. Ü/Cl 6.34 6 Obv. of 65, 98 (club), 129, 130 (Nike).

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10

Hoard Catalogue

*65. *66.

11/C2 20/C3

6.34 6.66

6 6

67.

101C4

6.77

6

*68.

101C5

6.46

6

*69. *70. 71. *72. 73. 74. *75.

121C5 131C6 14/C7 15/C7 16/C8 17/C9 18/C9

6.51 6.64 6.05 6.52 6.44 6.72 6.47

6 7

76.

18IC10

6.70

6

*77.

18¡C10

6.63

6

78. *79. *80. 81. *82. 83.

19/C10 2Ö/C11 20/C12 21/C12 22/C13 22/CU

6.81 6.63 6.54 6.49 6.09 6.53

6 6 6 6 6

*84.

22/CU

6.39

6

*85.

23/C14

6.83

6

*86.

23/C14

6.20

6

*87.

23/C6

6.57

6

*88.

23/C6

6.51

6

6 6 6

Obv. of64, 98 (club), 129, 130 (Nike). Obv. of 63 (Apollo), 67, 68, 131 (Nike). Obv. of 63 (Apollo), 66, 68 (Athena), 131 (Nike). Obv. of 63 (Apollo), 66, 67 (Athena), 131 (Nike). Rev. of 69. Obv. of 133 (Nike). Rev. of 68. Obv. of 132 (Nike). Rev. of 87, 88. Obv. of 134 (Nike). Rev. of 72. Obv. of62 (Mt. Argaeus). Rev. of 71. Obv. of 135 (Nike). Obv. of 119 (club). Obv. of 76, 77, 148 (Nike). Rev. of 74. Dies of 77. Obv. of 75, 148 (Nike). Rev. of 78. Dies of 76. Obv. of 75, 148 (Nike). Rev. of 78. Rev. of 76, 77. Obv. of 80, 101 (club). Obv. of 79, 101 (club). Rev. of 81. Rev. of 80. Obv. of 83, 84, 103, 104 (club). Dies of 84. Obv. of 82, 103, 104 (club). Rev. of 86. Dies of 83. Obv. of 82, 103, 104 (club). Rev. of 85, 86. Dies of 86. Obv. of 87, 88. Rev. of 83, 84. Dies of 85. Obv. of 87, 88. Rev. of 83, 84. Dies of 88. Obv. of 85, 86. Rev. of 70. Dies of 87. Obv. of 85, 86, 88. Rev. of 70.

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Domitian *89. *90. *91. *92. *93. *94. *95. *96. 97.

24/C15 24/C15 3¡C16 25/C16 26/C17 26/C17 26/C17 27/C18 unc./unc.

6.46 6.46 6.44 6.96 6.36 6.34 6.32 6.69 6.35

6 6 6 6 6 7 7 6 6

11

Dies of 90. Dies of 89. Obv. of55 (Mt. Argaeus). Rev. of92. Rev. of 91. Dies of 94, 95. Dies of 93, 95. Dies of 93, 94. No photographicrecord.

Rev. D. Club, handle at top. *98.

7//D1

6.86

6

*99. *100. *101. *102. *103.

28/D1 29/D1 20/D2 30/D2 221D3

6.59 6.34 6.54 6.64 6.56

7 6 6 6 6

*104. 22/D3

6.41

6

*105. 31/D3 *106. 32/D3 *107. 33/D3

6.72 6.89 6.35

6 6 6

108. 109. *110. *111. *112. *113. *114. *115. 116. *117. *118. *119.

6.77 6.74 6.46 6.92 6.83 6.53 6.33 6.35 6.35 6.57 6.87 6.25

6

34/D4 34/D4 34/D4 35/D5 35/D5 35/D5 36/D6 37/D7 38/D7 39/D8 39/D9 17/D10

6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6

Obv. of 64, 65 (Athena), 129, 130 (Nike). Rev. of 99, 100. Rev. of 98, 100. Rev. of 98, 99. Obv. of 79, 80 (Athena). Rev. of 102. Rev. of 101. Dies of 104. Obv. of 82-84 (Athena). Rev. of 105-7. Dies of 103. Obv. of 82-84 (Athena). Rev. of 105-7. Rev. of 103, 104, 106, 107. Rev. of 103-5, 107. Obv. of 122 (quadriga). Rev. of 103-6. Dies of 109, 110. Dies of 108, 110. Dies of 108, 109. Dies of 112, 113. Dies of 111, 113. Dies of 111, 112. Rev. Rev. Obv. Obv. Obv.

of 116. of 115. of 118. of 117. of 74 (Athena).

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Hoard Catalogue

12 *120. 40/D11 *121. 41/D12

5.62 6.80

6 6

Double struck.

Rev. E. Anepigraphic. Domitian in quadriga r., holding laurel branch and scepter. 6 *122. 33/El 6.66 Obv. of 107 (club). 6.43 123. 42/E2 Obv. of 124. 124. 42/E3 6.47 Obv. of 123. 6.58 6 Dies of 126. *125. 43/E4 6.47 6 Dies of 125. *126. 43/E4 6.61 6 Dies of 128. Obv. of 149 (Nike). *127. 44/E5 6.40 6 Dies of 127. Obv. of 149 (Nike). *128. 44/E5 Rev. F. Nike runningr., wreath in r., palm in 1. *129. 111Fl

6.59

7

*130. 111Fl

6.10

6

*131. 10/F2

6.41

6

132. *133. *134. *135. *136. *137. *138. 139. *140. 141. *142. 143.

45/F5 45/F5 46/F6 46/F6 46/F6 47/F7 48/F7 49/F8

6.32 6.26 6.30 6.14 6.65 6.64 6.75 6.54 6.39 6.46 6.73 6.84

6 6 7 7 5 6 6 6 6

*144. 49/F8

6.70

6

*145. 49/F8

6.54

6

131F2 12/F3 141F4 16/F4

6

Dies of 130. Obv. of 64, 65 (Athena), 98 (club). Dies of 129. Obv. of 64, 65 (Athena), 98 (club). Obv. of 63 (Apollo), 66-68 (Athena). Rev. of 132. Obv. of 70 (Athena). Rev. of 131. Obv. of 69 (Athena). Obv. of 71 (Athena). Rev. of 135. Obv. of 73 (Athena). Rev. of 134. Dies of 137. Dies of 136. Dies of 139, 140. Dies of 138, 140. Dies of 138, 139. Rev. of 142. Rev. of 141. Dies of 144, 145. Rev. of 146, 148, 149. Dies of 143, 145. Rev. of 146, 148, 149. Dies of 143, 144. Rev. of 146, 148, 149.

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Nerva ♦146. 50/F8

6.76

6

*147. 50/F9 *148. 18/F8

6.46 6.51

6 6

149. 44/FS

6.33

6

150. 51/F10

6.35

13

Obv. of 147. Rev. of 143-45, 148, 149. Obv. of 146. Obv. of 75-77 (Athena). Rev. of 143-46, 149. Obv. of 127 (quadriga). Rev. of 143-46, 148.

NERVA, A.D. 96-98 Obv. AYTOKPAT NEPOYAC KAICAPCEBACTOC. Head laureate r. Rev. OMON CTPAT Rev. Clasped hands holding standard on prow. Undated 151. 1/HI 152. 1/H2

6.74 6.01

6 12

Obv. of 152. Obv. of 151.

Rev. YTÍATOYTPITOY COS III, A.D. 97 Rev. Club, handle at top. 153. 2/C1 6.56 12 154. 3/C2 5.32 12 Rev. YnATOY TETAPTOY COS llll, A.D. 98 Rev. Club, handle at top. *155. 4/C3 6.35 12 Rev. Mt. Argaeus. On summit,nude figure,globe in 1.,scepterin r. *156. 5/A1

6.88

12

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14

Hoard Catalogue Obv. AYTOKRAT NEPOYAC KAICAP CEBACTOC YTTATA Rev. EAEY© AHMOY

Rev. Eleutheria standing 1., pileus in r., rod in 1. 157. 6/E1 6.70 6 Rev. OMON CTPAT Rev. Clasped hands holdingstandard on prow. 158. 7/H3 6.42 11 ♦159. 8/H4 5.91 12 Rev. TYXH CEBACTOY Rev. Tyche standing1., prow in r., cornucopia in 1. 160. 9/T1 6.55 12 TRAJAN, A.D. 98-117 Obv. AYT KAI NEPOYAC TPAIANOC CEBAC TEPM Rev. YTTATAEYT COS II, A.D. 98/9 Obv. Head laureate r. Rev. A. Mt. Argaeus; on summit,Helios standing1., globe in r., scepter in 1. 161. 1/A1 6.78 12 Obv. of 162. *162. 1/A2 6.63 12 Obv. of 161. *163. 2/A3 6.73 11 12 Obv. of 167 (male figure),169 (club). *164. 31A4 6.54 Obv. Bust laureate r., draped, cuirassed,seen frombehind. 12 Dies of 166. *165. 4/A5 6.54 *166. 4/A5 6.51 12 Dies of 165. Obv. Head laureate r. Rev. B. Male figurebearded r., helmeted,in militarydress,standing frontally,spear in r., shield in 1. 6.15 5 Obv. of 164 (Mt. Argaeus),169 (club). *167. 3/M1

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Trajan

15

Obv. Bust laureate r., draped, cuirassed,seen frombehind. *168. 5/M2

6.93

6

Obv. Head laureate r. Rev. C. Club, handle at top. *169. 3/CI

6.56

5

*170. 6/C2

6.52

12

Obv. of 164 (Mt. Argaeus), 167 (male figure).

Obv. AYT KAIC NEP TPAIANOC CEB TEPM Reif.AHM EH YTTATB Obv. Head laureate r. Rev. A. Mt. Argaeus. On summit,Helios standing,globe in r., scepter in 1. *171. 172. *173. 174. *175. *176. *177. *178. *179.

7/A6 8/A7 8/A7 9/A7 10/A7 10/A8 11/A9 12/A10 131AIO

6.47 6.90 6.55 6.79 6.65 6.65 6.84 6.68 6.21

6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6

Obv. of 189 (Tyche). Dies of 173. Rev. of 174, 175. Dies of 172. Rev. of 174, 175. Rev. of 172, 173, 175. Obv. of 176. Rev. of 172-74. Obv. of 175. Rev. of 179. Obv. of 182 (Eleutheria). Rev. of 178.

Obv. Bust laureate r., draperyon 1. shoulder. *180. 14/A11 *181. 14/A12

6.70 6.68

6 6

Obv. of 181. Obv. of 180.

Obv. Head laureate r. Rev. B. Eleutheria standing 1., pileus in r., rod in 1. *182. 131El

6.51

6

*183. 15/E1 *184. 15/E2 *185. 16/E3

6.60 6.42 6.44

6 6 6

Obv. of 179 (Mt. Argaeus). Rev. of 183. Obv. of 184. Rev. of 182. Obv. of 183.

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16

Hoard Catalogue

*186. 17/E4 *187. 17/E5 *188. 18/E6

6.56 6.46 6.35

7 7 6

Obv. of 187. Obv. of 186.

Rev. C. Tyche standing 1., rudder in r., cornucopia in 1. *189. 190. *191. *192.

7/T1 19/T2 20/T3 21/T4

6.67 6.93 6.79 6.60

6 6 6 6

Obv. of 171 (Mt. Argaeus). Obv. of 193 (club).

Rev. D. Club, handle at top. *193. *194. *195. *196. *197. *198.

20/C3 22/C4 23/C5 23/C6 24/C6 25/C7

6.50 6.80 6.69 6.69 6.64 6.18

6 7 6 6 7 7

Obv. of 191 (Tyche). Obv. of 196. Obv. of 195. Rev. of 197. Rev. of 196.

Rev. E. Clasped hands holding standard on prow. *199. 26/H1 200. 27/H2

6.61 6.51

5 6

Rev. F. Similarbut AHMAPXEHYIIAT B. Female bust (Hera?) 1., wearingheaddress,short scepter in each hand. *201. 28/F1

7.11

6

Obv. AYTOKPA KAIC NEP TPAIANOC CEB TEPM AAK Reo. AHMAPX E= YTTATO