The Rough Guide Phrasebook Japanese.pdf

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the Rough Guide

japanese phrasebook

Compiled by

L E X US

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Credits Compiled by Lexus with T. Yahata Hyland and Kumi Liley Lexus Series Editor: Sally Davies Rough Guides Reference Director: Andrew Lockett Rough Guides Series Editor: Mark Ellingham First edition published in 1998 by Rough Guides Ltd. Revised in 2001. This updated edition published in 2006 by Rough Guides Ltd, 80 Strand, London WC2R 0RL 345 Hudson St, 4th Floor, New York 10014, USA Email: [email protected]. Distributed by the Penguin Group. Penguin Books Ltd, 80 Strand, London WC2R 0RL Penguin Putnam, Inc., 375 Hudson Street, NY 10014, USA Penguin Group (Australia), 250 Camberwell Road, Camberwell, Victoria 3124, Australia Penguin Books Canada Ltd, 10 Alcorn Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M4V 1E4 Penguin Group (New Zealand), Cnr Rosedale and Airborne Roads, Albany, Auckland, New Zealand Typeset in Bembo and Helvetica to an original design by Henry Iles. Printed in Italy by LegoPrint S.p.A No part of this book may be reproduced in any form without permission from the publisher except for the quotation of brief passages in reviews. © Lexus Ltd 2006 304pp. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue for this book is available from the British Library. ISBN 13: 978-1-84353-634-5 ISBN 10: 1-84353-634-X

The publishers and authors have done their best to ensure the accuracy and currency of all information in The Rough Guide Japanese Phrasebook however, they can accept no responsibility for any loss or inconvenience sustained by any reader using the book. Online information about Rough Guides can be found at our website www.roughguides.com



contents Introduction

5

Basic Phrases

8

Scenarios

13

English - Japanese 

31

Japanese - English

178

Japanese - English: Signs and Notices

215

Menu Reader Food �����������������������������������尓������������������������������������尓����������������������������������� 238 Drink �����������������������������������尓������������������������������������尓����������������������������������� 258

How the Language Works Pronunciation �����������������������������������尓������������������������������������尓��������������� 263 Abbreviations �����������������������������������尓������������������������������������尓�������������� 263 General; Articles; Nouns �����������������������������������尓������������������������ 264 Pronouns �����������������������������������尓������������������������������������尓������������������������ 265 Possessives �����������������������������������尓������������������������������������尓����������������� 268 Postpositional Particles �����������������������������������尓������������������������� 269 Verbs �����������������������������������尓������������������������������������尓���������������������������������� 275 Adjectives �����������������������������������尓������������������������������������尓���������������������� 279 Adverbs �����������������������������������尓������������������������������������尓���������������������������� 282 Word Order; ‘Yes’ and ‘No’ �����������������������������������尓������������������ 283 ‘And’ �����������������������������������尓������������������������������������尓����������������������������������� 284 Masculine and Feminine Forms of Speech ��������������� 285 Counting �����������������������������������尓������������������������������������尓�������������������������� 286 Dates �����������������������������������尓������������������������������������尓��������������������������������� 288 Days; Months; Time �����������������������������������尓����������������������������������� 290 Numbers �����������������������������������尓������������������������������������尓�������������������������� 292 Conversion Tables �����������������������������������尓������������������������������������尓��� 294



T

■ Introduction

he Rough Guide Japanese dictionary phrasebook is a highly practical introduction to the contemporary language. Laid out in clear A-Z style, it uses key-word referencing to lead you straight to the words and phrases you want – so if you need to book a room, just look up ‘room’. The Rough Guide gets straight to the point in every situation, in bars and shops, on trains and buses, and in hotels and banks. The main part of the Rough Guide is a double dictionary: English-Japanese then Japanese-English. Before that, there’s a section called Basic Phrases and to get you involved in two-way communication, the Rough Guide includes, in this new edition, a set of Scenario dialogues illustrating questions and responses in key situations such as renting a car and asking directions. You can hear these and then download them free from www.roughguides. com/phrasebooks for use on your computer or MP3 player. Forming the heart of the guide, the English-Japanese section gives easy-to-use transliterations of the Japanese words wherever pronunciation might be a problem. Throughout this section, cross-references enable you to pinpoint key facts and phrases, while asterisked words indicate where further information can be found in a section at the end of the book called How the Language Works. This section sets out the fundamental rules of the language, with plenty of practical examples. You’ll also find here other essentials like numbers, dates, telling the time and basic phrases. The Japanese-English section is in two parts: a dictionary, arranged phonetically, of all the words and phrases you’re likely to hear (starting with a section of slang and colloquialisms); then a compilation, arranged by subject, of various signs, labels, instructions and other basic words you may come across in print or in public places. Near the back of the book too the Rough Guide offers an extensive Menu Reader. Consisting of food and drink sections (each starting with a list of essential terms), it’s indispensable whether you’re eating out, stopping for a quick drink, or browsing through a local food market.

BASICS

Introduction

!"#$%&'( tanoshi goryoko o!

have a good trip!



Basic Phrases

BASIC PHRASES

yes

hai

goodbye (formal)

sayonara

NO

xyz{|

no

(informal) dewa mata

ie

PQR OK

oke

STUV

}~¡¢ (between friends) ja ne

£¤¥¦

see you later!

ja, mata! hello

§¨©ª«¬

kon·nichi wa

WXYZ[ (on phone) moshi-moshi

please (requesting something)

\]^_

­®¯°±²

good morning

yes, please

ohayo gozaimasu

hai, onegai shimasu

good evening

could you please ...?

komban wa

... -te kuremasen ka?

good night (when leaving)

thank you

osaki ni

arigato

(when going to bed) oyasuminasai

thank you very much

`abcdefgh ijklm nop qrstuvw

8

onegai shimasu

³´µ¶¸¹º»¼ ½ —¿ÀÁÂÃÄÅÆ ÇÈÉÊË honto ni arigato gozaimasu

!"#$%&'() *+,-./

sorry?/pardon me?

012345678 9

pqrstuvwx

ie kek·ko desu

nante imashita ka?

don’t mention it

do itashimashite

:;?@A

I see/I understand

naruhodo

yz{| I don’t understand how do you do?

hajimemashite

BCDEFG how are you?

ogenki desu ka?

HIJKLMN I’m fine, thanks

okagesama de

OPQRST nice to meet you

hajimemashite

UVWXYZ

wakarimasen

BASIC PHRASES

no, thank you

}~¡¢£¤ do you speak English?

Eigo o hanasemasu ka?

¥¦§¨©ª«¬­ I don’t speak Japanese

nihon·go wa hanasemasen

®¯°±²³´µ¶ could you speak more slowly?

mot·to yuk·kuri hanashite kuremasen ka?

¸¹º»¼½¾¿À ÁÂÃÄÅÆÇÈ could you repeat that?

excuse me (to get past)

shitsurei shimasu

[\]^_

mo ichido it·te kuremasen ka?

ÉÊËÌÍÎÏÐÑ ÒÓÔÕÖ

excuse me! (to get attention)

chot·to sumimasen!

`abcdefghi excuse me/sorry

gomen·nasai

jklmno 9

Scenarios

is there an inexpensive hotel you can recommend? a yasume no hoteru o shōkai shite kuremasu ka? zan·nen desu ga, subete yoyaku zumi desu b I’m sorry, they all seem to be fully booked can you give me the name of a good middle-range hotel? a chū gurai no hoteru wa arimasu ka?

Scenarios  Japanese

1. Accommodation

sōdesu ne, chūshin bu ga ī desu ka? b let me have a look; do you want to be in the centre? if possible a dekireba sukoshi hazure demo ī desu ka? b do you mind being a little way out of town? not too far out a amari tōku nai hō ga ī desu where is it on the map? a chizu no doko desu ka? can you write the name and address down? a namae to jyūsho o kaite kudasai I’m looking for a room in a private house a minsyuku o sagashite imasu I’d like to stay in a ryokan, a Japanese-style hotel a ryokan ni tomaritai desu

13

Scenarios  Japanese

2. Banks bank account to change money cheque to deposit pin number pound to withdraw

ginkō kōza ryōgae shimasu kogit·te yokin shimasu anshō bangō pondo hikidashi masu

口座番号 kōza bangō account number 手数料 tesūryō commission 当座預金 tōza yokin current account

can you change this into yen? a yen ni ryōgae shite kudasai could I have three 10,000 yen notes, two 5,000 yen notes and five 100 yen coins? a ichiman en satsu sanmai, gosen en satsu nimai to hyaku en dama goko kudasai

貯蓄預金 chochik(u) yokin savings account 支店コード shiten kōdo sort code

do you have information in English about opening an account? a kōza ni tsuite Eigo no setsumē wa arimasu ka? hai, don·na kōza ga ī desu ka? b yes, what sort of account do you want? I’d like a current account a tōza yokin ga ī desu

pasupōto o misete kudasai b your passport, please

can I use this card to draw some cash? a kono kādo de genkin ga hikidasemasu ka? kaikē ni it·te kudasai b you have to go to the cashier’s desk I want to transfer this to my account at Nippon Bank a kore o Nip·pon Ginkō no watashi no kōza ni sōkin shite kudasai shōchi shimashita, demo denwa ryōkin o itadakimasu b OK, but we’ll have to charge you for the phonecall

14

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shower telephone in the room payphone in the lobby

shawā heya no denwa kōshūdenwa

do you have any rooms? a heya wa arimasu ka? a nanmē sama desu ka? for how many people?

Scenarios  Japanese

3. Booking a room

for one/for two a hitori desu/futari desu

a hai, aki beya ga arimasu yes, we have rooms free a nanpaku desu ka? for how many nights?

just for one night a hito ban dake desu

how much is it? a ikura desu ka? furo tsuki de ichi man en, furo nashi de hassen en desu b ten thousand yen with bathroom and eight thousand yen without bathroom does that include breakfast? a chōshoku tsuki desu ka? can I see a room with bathroom? a furo tsuki no heya o misete kuremasu ka? ok, I’ll take it a kore ni shimasu when do I have to check out? a chek·ku auto wa nanji desu ka? is there anywhere I can leave luggage? a nimotsu okiba wa arimasu ka?

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15

Scenarios  Japanese

4. Car hire automatic full tank manual rented car

o-tomachik·ku mantan manyuaru renta kā

I’d like to rent a car a renta kā o karitainodesu ga a nan nichi kan desu ka? for how long?

two days a futsuka desu

I’ll take the ... a…ni shimasu is that with unlimited mileage? a sōkō kyori wa musēgen desu ka?

hai b it is

menkyo shō o misete kudasai b can I see your driving licence, please? sorekara pasupōto mo b and your passport is insurance included? a hoken komi desu ka? so desu ga, saisho no ichi man en wa jiko futan gaku desu b yes, but you have to pay the first ten thousand yen hoshōkin wa ichi man en desu b can you leave a deposit of ten thousand yen? and if this office is closed, where do I leave the keys? a kono ofisu ga shimat·te itara dokoni kī o kaeshimashō ka? ano hako ni irete kudasai b you drop them in that box

16

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ADSL modem at dial-up modem dot Internet mobile (phone) password telephone socket adaptor wireless hotspot

ADSL modemu at·to daiyaru ap·pu modemu dot·to intānet·to kētai (denwa) pasuwādo denwa soket·to adaputā waiyaresu hot·to supot·to

Scenarios  Japanese

5. Communications

is there an Internet café around here? a kono chikaku ni intānet·to kafe wa arimasu ka? can I send email from here? a koko kara denshi mēru o okuremasu ka? where’s the at sign on the keyboard? a kono kībōdo dewa dore ga at·to desu ka? can you switch this to a UK keyboard? a UK kībōdo ni henkan dekimasu ka? can you help me log on? a rogu in o tetsudat·te kuremasu ka? I’m not getting a connection, can you help? a setsuzoku dekimasen, mite kuremasu ka? where can I get a top-up card for my mobile? a doko de kētai denwa no top·pu ap·pu kādo o kaemasu ka? can you put me through to...? a …ni tsunaide kudasai zero one two three four

zero ichi ni san yon

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five six seven eight nine

go roku nana hachi kyū

17

Scenarios  Japanese

6. Directions where? doko?

which direction? dochira no hōgaku?

hi, I’m looking for Shinjuku a sumimasen, Shinjuku o sagashite imasu gomen·nasai, shirimasen b sorry, never heard of it hi, can you tell me where Shinjuku is? a sumimasen, Shinjuku wa dochira desu ka? watashi mo shiranaindesu b I’m a stranger here too hi, Shinjuku, do you know where it is? a sumimasen, Shinjuku wa doko daka wakarimasu ka ? sono kado b around the corner futatsume no shingō o hidari b left at the second traffic lights soshite saisho no migi no michi b then it’s the first street on the right asoko ni over there

…no mae in front of…

mot·to saki further

tōri street

chikaku near

mas·sugu mae straight ahead

…o sugite past the ... sugu ato just after

ushiro back wakare michi turn off

migi(gawa) ni on the right

tonari, tsugi next

hantai gawa opposite hidari ni on the left

18

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accident jiko ambulance kyūkyūsha

consul ryōjikan embassy taishikan

fire brigade shōbōtai police kēsatsu

help! a tasukete!

Scenarios  Japanese

7. Emergencies

can you help me? a tasukete kudasai please come with me! it’s really very urgent a is·sho ni kite kudasai! kinkyū jitai desu I’ve lost (my keys) a (kagi) o nakushimashita (my car) is not working a (kuruma) ga koshō shimashita (my purse) has been stolen a (saifu) ga nusumaremashita I’ve been mugged a gōtō ni aimashita o namae wa? b what’s your name? pasupōto o misete kudasai b I need to see your passport I’m sorry, all my papers have been stolen a gomen·nasai, shorui ga zembu nusumaremashita

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19

Scenarios  Japanese

8. Friends hi, how’re you doing? a kon·nichiwa, o genki desu ka? hai, anata wa? b OK, and you? yeah, fine a ee, genki desu

not bad a waruku arimasen

d’you know Mark? a Mark-san o go zonji desu ka? and this is Hannah a kochira wa Han·nah-san desu

ee, shit·te imasu b yeah, we know each other

where do you know each other from? a doko de o ai ni narimashita ka? Kenji-san no tokoro de ai mashita b we met at Kenji’s place that was some party, eh? a yoi pātī deshita ne?

saikō b the best

are you guys coming for a beer? a bīru o nomini ikimasen ka? a īne, ikimashō cool, let’s go

a īe, Yōko-san to aimasu no, I’m meeting Yōko

see you at Luke’s place tonight a Luke-san no tokoro de konya aimashō

20

jyā ne b see you

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I’m not feeling very well a kibun ga suguremasen can you get a doctor? a isha o yonde kuremasu ka? doko ga itai desu ka? b where does it hurt?

Scenarios  Japanese

9. Health

it hurts here a koko ga itai desu a itami wa tsuzuite imasu ka? is the pain constant?

it’s not a constant pain a zut·to itaku wa arimasen

can I make an appointment? a yoyaku wa toremasu ka? can you give me something for ...? a …no kusuri o kuremasu ka? yes, I have insurance a hai, hoken ni hait·te imasu antibiotics antiseptic ointment cystitis dentist diarrhoea doctor hospital ill medicine painkillers pharmacy to prescribe thrush

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kōsēbus·shitsu kanōdome nankō bōkōen haisha geri isha byōin byōki kusuri itami dome yak·kyoku shohō suru kanjida shō

21

Scenarios  Japanese

10. Language difficulties a few words interpreter to translate

ikutsu ka no kotoba tsūyaku honyaku suru

anata no kurejit·to kādo wa kyohi saremashita b your credit card has been refused what, I don’t understand; do you speak English? a e? wakarimasen, Eigo o hanasemasu ka? kore wa mukō desu b this isn’t valid could you say that again? a mō ichido it·te kudasai

slowly a yuk·kuri

I understand very little Japanese a Nihongo wa hotondo hanasemasen I speak Japanese very badly a Nihongo wa amari hanasemasen kono kādo de harau koto wa dekimasen b you can’t use this card to pay a wakarimasu ka? do you understand?

sorry, no a gomen·nasai, wakarimasen

is there someone who speaks English? a dare ka Eigo o hanaseru hito wa imasu ka? oh, now I understand a ā, ima wakarimashita is that ok now? a dewa, kore de ī desu ka?

22

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hello a kon·nichiwa kon·nichiwa, watashi wa Kumiko desu b hello, my name’s Kumiko Graham, from England, Thirsk a watashi wa Igirisu no Thirsk kara kita Graham desu

Scenarios  Japanese

11. Meeting people

sore wa shirimasen, doko desu ka? b don’t know that, where is it? not far from York, in the North; and you? a hokubu no York no chikaku desu, anata wa? watashi wa Ōsaka kara kimashita, anata wa kochira dewa o hitori desu ka? b I’m from Ōsaka; here by yourself? no, I’m with my wife and two kids a īe, tsuma to kodomo futari ga kochira ni imasu what do you do? a o shigoto wa?

kompyūtā kankē desu b I’m in computers

me too a watashi mo here’s my wife now a kore ga watashi no tsuma desu hajime mashite b nice to meet you

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23

Scenarios  Japanese

12. Post offices airmail kōkūbin

post card ehagaki

post office yūbinkyoku

stamp kit·te

what time does the post office close? syūjitsu wa goji desu b a yūbinkyoku wa nanji ni shimarimasu ka? five o’clock weekdays is the post office open on Saturdays? a Doyōbi ni yūbinkyoku wa aite imasu ka?

shōgo made b until midday

I’d like to send this registered to England a kore o Igirisu ni kakitome de okuritai no desu ga wakarimashita, san byaku yen desu b certainly, that will cost 300 yen and also two stamps for England, please a sorekara Igirisu e no kit·te o ni mai kudasai do you have some airmail stickers? a kōkūbin no sutek·kā wa arimasu ka? do you have any mail for me? a watashi e no yūbinbutsu wa arimasu ka?

国内 海外/国際 書簡 小包 局留め郵便

24

kokunai kaigai/kokusai shokan kozutsumi kyokudome yūbin

domestic international letters parcels poste restante

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bill menu table

kanjō gaki menyū tēburu

can we have a non-smoking table? a kin’en seki o onegai shimasu? there are four of us a yonin desu

there are two of us a futari desu

what’s this? a korewa nan desu ka?

Scenarios  Japanese

13. Restaurants

sakana no is·syu desu b it’s a type of fish kono tochi no mēbutsu desu b it’s a local speciality

naka ni dōzo, o mise shimashō b come inside and I’ll show you we would like two of these, one of these, and one of those a kore o futatsu, kore o hitotsu, soshite are o hitotsu kudasai red wine a aka wain

a o nomimono wa? and to drink?

white wine a shiro wain

a beer and two orange juices a bīru hitotsu to orenji jūsu futatsu some more bread please a mot·to pan o kudasai a ikaga deshita ka? how was your meal?

excellent!, very nice! a saikō! totemo oishikat·ta desu!

a hoka ni wa? anything else?

just the bill thanks a okanjō onegai shimasu

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25

Scenarios  Japanese

14. Shopping nani ka, o sagashi desu ka? b can I help you? can I just have a look around? a miru dake desu

yes, I’m looking for ... a hai, …o kaitaino desu ga

how much is this? a kore wa ikura desu ka? ni sen en b two thousand yen OK, I think I’ll have to leave it; it’s a little too expensive for me a wakarimashita, yamete okimasu, sukoshi taka sugi masu kore wa dō desu ka? b how about this? can I pay by credit card? a kurejit·to kādo de haraemasu ka? it’s too big a ōki sugi masu

it’s too small a chīsa sugi masu

it’s for my son – he’s about this high a musuko no desu – kore gurai no takasa desu a hoka ni nani ka? will there be anything else?

that’s all thanks a kore de zembu desu

make it five thousand yen and I’ll take it a go sen en ni shite kurereba kai masu fine, I’ll take it a ī desu, kaimasu

お支払い 閉店 開店 バーゲンセール 取り替える

26

o shiharai hēten kaiten bāgen sēru torikaeru

cash desk closed open sale to exchange

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art gallery bus tour city centre closed

bijutsukan basu tsuā chūshinbu shimat·te iru

guide museum open

gaido hakubutsukan aite iru

I’m interested in seeing the old town a kyūshigai ga mitai desu

Scenarios  Japanese

15. Sightseeing

are there guided tours? a gaido tsuki no tsuā wa arimasu ka? mōshiwake arimasen, manseki desu b I’m sorry, it’s fully booked how much would you charge to drive us around for four hours? a yo jikan no kankō doraibu wa ikura desu ka? can we book tickets for the concert here? a koko de konsāto no kip·pu o yoyaku dekimasu ka? a hai, o namae wa? yes, in what name?

a dono kurejit·to kādo? which credit card?

where do we pick up the tickets? a kip·pu wa doko de moraemasu ka? iriguchi de uketot·te kudasai b just pick them up at the entrance is it open on Sundays? a Nichiyōbi wa aite imasu ka? how much is it to get in? a nūjōryō wa ikura desu ka? are there reductions for groups of 6? a roku nin no dantai ni waribiki wa arimasu ka? that was really impressive! a totemo yokat·ta desu! www.roughguides.com/phrasebooks

27

Scenarios  Japanese

16. Trains to change trains platform return single station stop ticket

norikaeru purat·tofōmu ōfuku katamichi eki eki kip·pu

how much is ...? a …wa ikura desu ka? a single, second class to ... a katamichi hitori, futsūsha, … made two returns, second class to ... a ōfuku futari, futsūsha, ... made for today a kyō no

for tomorrow a ashita no

for next Tuesday a raisyū no Kayōbi

Shinkansen wa tokubetsu ryōkin desu b there’s a supplement for the Bullet Train zaseki o yoyaku shimasu ka? b do you want to make a seat reservation? Okayama de norikaete kudasai b you have to change at Okayama what time is the last train to Kyoto? a Kyoto e no saisyūdensha wa nanji desu ka? is this seat free? a kono seki wa aite imasu ka? excuse me, which station are we at? a sumimasen, koko wa doko no eki desu ka? is this where I change for Okayama? a Okayama e wa koko de norikae desu ka?

28

English ➜ Japanese

fg

my back aches a, an* hitotsu

!"#$%&

hijklm

ni-ju kurai

about: about 20

'()*+

it’s about 5 o’clock a film about Japan

goji goro Nihon ni

tsuite no eiga

012345678 … no ue ni

address

jusho

xy

address book

absorbent cotton

das·shimen

¡¢£

admission charge

akseru

nyujoryo

CDEF

accept (present)

¤¥¦

uketorimasu

GHIJKL

(credit card etc) uketsukemasu

MNOPQR

adult

otona

§¨

advance: in advance

©ª«¬

aeroplane

ga arimashita

jiko

UVWXYZ[\ accommodation

]^

heya

­®¯

after

hikoki

… no ato de

°±²³ after you

dozo osaki ni

´µ¶¸¹º

account

koza

after lunch

accurate

seikak (na)

after all

abcde

mae-

mot·te

jiko

there’s been an accident

_`

jushorok

ABCDEFGHIJKLAf

@AB

ST

adapta

stuvw

z{|}~

=>?

accident

nopqr

adapter

gojusho wa?

gaikok de

accelerator

michi

what’s your address?

9:;<

abroad

across: across the road

no mukogawa

,-./

above

koshi ga itai

desu

(no)

English ➜ Japanese

itami

ache

A

chushoku-go ni

»¼½¾ ¿À

kek·kyoku

31

English ➜ Japanese

afternoon

ÁÂ

GH

gogo

AIDS

in the afternoon

ÃÄÅ

gogo ni

air

this afternoon

kyo no gogo

ni

ÆÇÈÉÊË aftershave

afuta-shebu

ÌÍÎÏÐÑÒÓ

aftersun cream

afutasan-

roshon

ÔÕÖ×ØÙÚÛ !"# afterwards



%$again

ato de

ABCDEFGHIJKLAf

… to

(position) … ni tatekakete

/012345 toshi dairinin

789 :

mae

VWXY

eya-kon

airmail: by airmail

Z[\]

kokubin de

kokubin-yo

hikoki

fgh

airport

ij

kuko

to the airport, please kuko made, onegai shimasu

klmnopqrs t

airport bus

rimujin-basu

uvwxyz

tsurogawa no seki

{|}~¡

is·shukan-mae

; an hour ago

?@AB CDEF

alarm clock

mezamashi-

dokei ichijikan-mae

agree: I agree

32

RSTU

air-conditioning

aisle seat

a week ago

agreement

hikoki de

(send) kokubin de

airplane

()*+,-.

ago

NOPQ

^_`abcde

mata

hantai (no)

agent

by air (travel)

futo

against (opposed to)

6

kuki

LM

airmail envelope

&'

age

eizu

IJK

¢£¤¥¦§

alcohol

dokan desu

kyotei

arukoru

¨©ª«¬

alcoholic drink

­®

osake

¯°±²³ all of it

although it’s expensive

´µ¶¸¹ º»¼

@ABCDE

zembu

FGHI

½¾¿ÀÁÂÃÄÅ ÆÇÈÉÊË

allergic: I’m allergic to ...

watashi wa … arerugi desu

ÌÍÎÏÐÑÒÓÔ Õ i desu

ka?

Ö×ØÙÚÛ kek·ko desu

ÜÝÞßàá

(I agree) dokan desu

!"#$ I’m all right

daijobu desu

%&'()

are you all right?

daijobu

desu ka?

*+,-./0 almost

hotondo

1234

alone

hitori

567

already

89

also

mo

… mo

:;

although

always

am*: I am

watashi wa … desu

MNOPQ

am: at 7am

gozen shichiji ni

RSTUV at 1am

gozen ichiji ni

WXYZ[

amazing (surprising)

odoroku-

beki

\]^_ (very good) subarashi

`abcd ambulance

efg

kyukyusha

call an ambulance!

kyukyusha o yonde kudasai!

hijklmnop qrs America Amerika

tuvw

American (adj) Amerika

xyz{|}~

(no)

I’m American watashi wa Amerika-jin desu

¡¢£¤¥¦§¨©

among

… keredomo

itsumo

JKL

ABCDEFGHIJKLAm

all right

zembu de

altogether

that’s all, thanks sore dake desu, domo arigato

allowed: is it allowed?

takai

keredomo

sore zembu

all of them

?

English ➜ Japanese

… wa min·na

all: all the ...

… no naka de

ª«¬­®

33

English ➜ Japanese

amount

¯

ryo

can we have another room?

betsu no heya wa arimasu ka?

(of money) gak

°

()*+,-./0 12

amp: a 13-amp fuse

jusan-ampeya no hyuz

±²³´µ¶¸¹º» ¼ and*

soshite

½¾¿

3456789:; ?@A antibiotics

kosei-bus·shitsu

BCDE

(with nouns) to

À

antihistamine

ko-hisutamin-

zai

(at beginning of sentence) sorekara

FGHIJKL

ÁÂÃÄ

antique: is it an antique?

okot·ta

wa kot·tohin desu ka?

angry

ÅÆÇ

ABCDEFGHIJKLAm

animal

ÈÉ

ankle

antique shop

WXYZ

ashikubi

ÊË

antiseptic

[\]

anniversary (wedding)

kek·kon-kinen-bi

komarasete imasu

iraira suru

ßàáâãä !"

betsu no

(one more) mo hitotsu

#$%&'

shodoku-zai …o

mot·te imasu ka?

annoy: this man’s annoying me kono hito wa watashi

another (different)

kot·tohin-ten

any: do you have any ...?

ÌÍÎÏÐ

annoying

sore

MNOPQRST UV

dobutsu

o

ÑÒÓÔÕÖ×ØÙ ÚÛÜÝÞ

34

biru o mo hitotsu onegai shimasu

another beer, please

^_`abcde fg have you got any bread/ cherries? pan/sakuranbo

wa

arimasu ka?

hijklmnop qrstuv sorry, I don’t have any

sumimasen, mot·te imasen

wxyz{|}~¡ ¢£¤¥

¦§¨

apple

does anybody speak English? dare ka Eigo

rin·go

Ö×Ø

ga

hanasemasu ka?

©ª«¬­®¯°± ²³´

appointment

ÙÚ

yoyaku

dialogue

there wasn’t anybody there

soko niwa dare mo imasen deshita

µ¶¸¹º»¼½¾ ¿ÀÁÂà anything

ÄÅ

nani ka

good morning, how can I help you? ohayo

English ➜ Japanese

ÔÕ

dare ka

anybody

gozaimasu, ikaga itashimasho? I’d like to make an appointment yoyaku

o

shitai no desu ga

dialogue

what time would you like?

would you like anything to drink? nani ka nomimasu

ka? I don’t want anything, thanks nani mo hoshiku

arimasen, arigato apart from

… igai dewa

apartment

apat(o)

ÆÇÈÉÊ ËÌÍÎ

apartment block

ÏÐÑÒÓ

appetizer

zensai

nanji ga yoroshi desu ka? three o’clock sanji ga i desu I’m afraid that’s not possible, is four o’clock all right? moshiwake

arimasen ga sanji wa ip·pai desu, yoji dewa ikaga desu ka? yes, that will be fine hai, i desu the name was? onamae o itadakemasu ka? apricot

manshon

ABCDEFGHIJKLAp

anything else? hoka ni nani ka? nothing else, thanks hoka niwa nai desu, arigato

anzu

ÛÜÝ

April

Shigatsu

Þß

35

English ➜ Japanese

are*

PQRSTUVW

desu

àá

art

you are (sing)

anata wa …

desu

art gallery

they are (men/women) karera/ kanojotachi wa … desu

artist

âãäåæçè éêëìíîïðñ òó

area

chiki

ôõ

shigai-kyokuban

ö÷øù

arm

ude

bijutsu-kan

geijutsu-ka

]^_

as: as big as ...

okisa no

… to onaji

`abcdefg

tehai shimasu

ABCDEFGHIJKLAr

sore o tehai shite kuremasu ka? will you arrange it for us?

&'()*+,-. /012

arrival

tochaku

arrive

tsukimasu

qrs

Asian (adj) Ajia

(no)

tuvwxy (noun) Ajia-jin

z{|}

tanomimasu

~¡¢£

I didn’t ask for this

5678

kore wa

tanonde imasen

when do we arrive?

itsu

tsukimasu ka?

9:;?@ has my fax arrived yet?

watashi no fak·kus wa todokimashita ka?

ABCDEFGHI JKLMNO

tsukimashita

haizara

Asia Ajia

ask

34

we arrived today

hijklmn op

!"#

%$dekiru

dake hayaku ashtray

úû

arrange

Z[\

as soon as possible

area code

36

bijutsu

XY

kyo

¤¥¦§¨©ª«¬ ­ could you ask him to ...?

kare

ni … yo tanonde kuremasen ka?

®¯°±²³´µ¶ ¸¹º»¼½ kanojo wa nemut·te imasu

asleep: she’s asleep

¾¿ÀÁÂÃÄÅÆ

23456789: ;?@ABC

110

efghijklm nopqr

«¬­®¯°±²³ ´µ¶¸ mix-up: sorry, there’s been a mix-up sumimasen, techigai

deshita

mobile phone

ÅÆÇÈ

keitaidenwa

3456

ÉÊËÌÍÎ ÏÐ

go-ju ijo

more than that

789:

nyueki

moisturizer

()*+,-./ 012 more than 50

modan (na)

modern

mot·to takai/omoshiroi

a lot more

moment: I won’t be a moment

sore ijo

mot·to takusan

;?@A

English ➜ Japanese

¹º»¼½¾¿ÀÁ ÂÃÄ

sugu modorimasu

ÑÒÓÔÕÖ monastery

×Ø

Monday

dialogue

soin would you like some more? mo sukoshi ikaga

Getsuyobi

ÙÚÛ

money

ÜÝ

desu ka?

okane

Þ

getsu

(one, two, three etc) kagetsu

ßà

monument

áâã

moon

ä

kinenhi

tsuki

moped

åæ

more*

desu how about you?

tansha

mot·to

çèé

sochira

wa do desu ka? I don’t want any more, thanks mo kek·ko desu morning

B

asa

this morning

CD

kesa

in the morning

EF

asa ni

ka

can I have some more water, please? omizu o mo

mosquito

sukoshi moraemasu ka?

mosquito repellent

êëìíîïðñ !"#$%&' more expensive/interesting

G

ABCDEFGHIJKLMo

month (this, last, next etc)

no, no more for me, thanks ie, mo kek·ko

kayoke-supure

HIJKLMN most: I like this one most of all

111

English ➜ Japanese

kore ga ichiban suki desu

OPQRSTUVW XY most of the time

Z[\]

most tourists

taitei

taitei no

taitei

fghi j

haha

¿ÀÁÂÃÄÅÆÇ

ÈÉÊËÌÍÎÏÐ ÑÒÓÔ

klmn

mother-in-law (one’s own)

giri

no haha

could you move up a little?

sukoshi tsumete kuremasen ka?

opqr

ABCDEFGHIJKLMo

(someone else’s) giri no okasan

stuvwxy

motorbike

otobai

motorboat

motaboto

motorway

kosokudoro

mountain

yama

z{|}~

ÕÖ×ØÙÚÛÜÝ Þßàá movie

¨©ª«

äåæ

Mr

…-san

Mrs

…-san

!"#$

yama ni

…-san

%&'(

much

¯°

tozan

nezumi

±²³

moustache

eigakan

çèéê

Ms

­®

eiga

âã

movie theater (US)

¡¢£¤¥¦§

up in the mountains

112

hik·koshimashita

kuruma o ugokashite kuremasen ka?

(someone else’s) oka-san

mouse

he’s moved to another room kare wa

could you move your car?

mother (one’s own)

mountaineering

ugokashimasu

º»¼½¾

^_`abcde

¬

kuchi

¹

move (verb)

ryokokyaku mostly

´µ¶¸ mouth

kuchihige

takusan (no)

)*+,-./ much better

zut·to i desu

much worse

nao warui desu

0123456 789:;<

zut·to atsui

=>?@A not much

BCD

sukoshi

EFG

amari

I don’t want very much

watashi wa arukoru o nonde wa ikenain desu amari

hoshiku nai desu

HIJKLMNO PQ doro

RS

TUVWX

magukap·pu

I’ve been mugged

mustard

masutado

ÀÁÂÃÄ ÅÆÇ

my*

goto ni

osowaremashita

mama

watashi no

ÈÉ

myself: I’ll do it myself

ÊËÌÍÎÏ by myself

cd

jibun

de shimasu

ÐÑÒ

jibun de

otafuku-kaze

efghij

museum

hakubutsuan

N

klm

mushrooms

nop

music

kinoko

on·gaku

stu

Isuramukyo (no)

vwxyz

mussels

murugai

{|}~

must: I must ...

tsume

ÕÖ

on·gak-ka

Muslim (adj)

ÓÔ

(metal) kugi

qr

musician

nail (finger)

ABCDEFGHIJKLNa

YZ[\]^_ `ab mumps

¬­®¯°±²³´ µ¶¸¹º»¼½ ¾¿ (Japanese) karashi

mug (for drinking)

mum

¡¢£¤¥¦§¨© ª« I mustn’t drink alcohol

not very much

mud

narimasen

English ➜ Japanese

much hotter

…-nakereba

nailbrush

tsume-burashi

×ØÙÚÛ

nail varnish

manikyua

ÜÝÞßà

name

namae

!"

my name’s John

watashi no

113

English ➜ Japanese

namae wa John desu

#$%&'()* +, shitsurei desu ga, onamae wa? what’s your name?

-./01234 56

nopqrstuv wx do you go near the Osaka-jo?

Osaka-jo no chikaku e ikimasu ka?

what is the name of this street? kono tori no namae

yz{|}~¡¢£ ¤¥¦§

wa nan desu ka?

where is the nearest ...?

789:;? @ABC

napkin

napukin

nappy

omutsu

DEFG HIJ

ichiban chikai … wa doko desu ka?

¨©ª«¬­®¯° ±²³´µ nearby

¶¸

chikai

ABCDEFGHIJKLNa

narrow (street)

semai

nearly

nasty (person)

iya (na)

necessary

KLM

NOPQR

(weather, accident etc) hidoi

STU national

kokuritsu (no)

VWXYZ

nationality

[\

natural

kokuseki

shizen (na)

]^_`a

nausea

hakike

bcd

navy (blue)

kon-iro (no)

efghi

near

… no soba

jklm

is it near the city centre?

114

hankagai kara chikai desu ka?

hotondo

¹º»¼

hitsuyo (na)

½¾¿ÀÁ

neck

kubi

ÂÃ

necklace

nek·kuresu

ÄÅÆÇÈ

necktie

nekutai

ÉÊËÌ

need: I need ...

… ga hitsuyo

desu

ÍÎÏÐÑÒ

do I need to pay? okane wa haraun desho ka?

ÓÔÕÖ×Ø ÙÚÛÜÝÞ

needle

ß

hari

àá

nega

new

neither: neither (one) of them

dochira demo nai

âãäåæçè neither ... nor ...

… demo …

demo nai

éêëìíîïð nephew (one’s own)

ñ

oi

%&' ()

never*

newsagent’s

PQR

newspaper

ST

nyus

shimbun-ya

shimbun

oshogatsu

Happy New Year!

akemashite omedeto gozaimasu!

net·to

XYZ[\]^_` abcdefg

seika

kes·shite …-masen

e wa

kes·shite ikimasen

3456789: ;? (never been/done) … koto ga arimasen

@ABCDEFGH

dialogue

New Year’s Day

gantan

New Year’s Eve

omisoka

hi

jkl

New Zealand

Nyu-Jirando

mnopqrst

New Zealander: I’m a New Zealander watashi wa Nyu-

Jirando-jin desu

uvwxyz{|} ~¡¢£

next

tsugi (no)

¤¥¦§

have you ever been to Tokyo? Tokyo ni it·ta

the next turning/street on the left tsugi no hidari no

koto wa arimasu ka?

magarikado/michi

no, I’ve never been there

ie, ichido mo it·ta koto ga arimasen

ABCDEFGHIJKLNe

*+,-./012 I never go there soko

LMNO

UVW

!"#$ net price

news (radio, TV etc)

New Year

(someone else’s) oigo-san net (in sport)

atarashi

IJK

English ➜ Japanese

negative (film)

¨©ª«¬­®¯° at the next stop

tsugi no

teiryu-jo de

±²³´µ¶ 115

English ➜ Japanese

raishu

nightclub

… no tonari

nightdress

next week

¸¹

next to

º»¼½¾ nice (food)

oishi

yakan no furonto-gakari

(looks, view etc) kirei (na)

ÃÄÅÆÇÈ

(person) shinsetsu (na)

ÉÊËÌÍ Î

yoru

at night

ie

… ga arimasen

!"#$%&'

ABCDEFGHIJKLNi

ÔÕ

kozeni ga

arimasen

()*+,-./ there’s no ... left

… ga mo

arimasen yoru ni

good night

012345678 no way!

oyasuminasai

Ö×ØÙÚÛÜ dialogue

do you have a single room for one night? ip·paku

desu ga shinguru wa aite imasu ka? yes, madam hai, gozaimasu how much is it per night?

ip·paku ikura desu ka? 5,000 yen ip·paku gosen-en ni narimasu thank you, I’ll take it ja, onegai shimasu

116

ñòó

I’ve no change

ÏÐÑÒ Ó

éêëìíîïð

no* (answer) no ...

mei

(someone else’s) meigo-san night

naitodoresu

ãäåæçè

night porter

¿ÀÁÂ

niece (one’s own)

naitokurabu

ÝÞßàáâ

tondemo nai!

9:;? oh no! (upset)

@ABC nobody*

masaka!

dare mo …-masen

DEFGHIJK

there’s nobody there soko niwa dare mo imasen

LMNOPQRS TUV

noise

so-on

noisy

urusai

WX

YZ[\

non-alcoholic

(no)

arukoru-nuki

]^_`abc def

dare mo

…-masen

ghijklmn (things) dore mo …-masen

opqrstuv

nonsmoking compartment

kin·en-koshitsu

wxyz noodles

menrui

shogo shogo ni

dare mo …-masen watashi mo so

Norue

ÑÒÓÔÕ

Norwegian (adj)

Norue (no)

Ö×ØÙÚÛÜÝ hana

…-masen

ie, onaka

no, I’m not hungry

­®¯°±² futsu (no)

³´µ¶¸¹ kita

äåæçèéêë ìíîïðñò I don’t want any, thank you

arigato, demo watashi wa kek·ko desu

!"#$%&'() *+,-./0 it’s not necessary

hitsuyo

nai desu

in the north

kita ni

123456

to the north

kita e

I didn’t know that sore wa shirimasen deshita

»¼ ½¾

north of Kanazawa

Kanazawa no kita

¿ÀÁÂ northeast

ÃÄ

Airurando

789:; ?@A not that one

sore ja

arimasen

hokuto

Northern Ireland

ABCDEFGHIJKLNo

desu

º

hokusei

ga suite imasen

nor: nor do I

north

Norway

Kita-Chosen

ßàáâã

¥¦§¨©ª«¬

normal

ÏÐ

not*

¢£¤ no-one*

northwest

Þ

~¡

at noon

ÌÍÎ

nose

{|}

noon

North Korea

English ➜ Japanese

none* (people)

BCDEFGHIJ not that one, this one

Kita-

ÅÆÇÈÉÊË

sore ja

nakute, kore desu

KLMNOPQRS TU 117

English ➜ Japanese

note (banknote)

VW

notebook

XY

nothing

shihei

nuts

techo

nani mo …-masen

O

Z[\]^_`

nothing for me, thanks

nani

mo irimasen

abcdefg

novel

shosetsu

hi

jkl

now

Juichigatsu

occupied (phone)

ÁÂÃ

hanashi-chu

ÄÅÆ ÇÈ

mn op

seiyo (no)

¼½¾¿À

October

ima

number

Occidental

(toilet) shiyo-chu

November

o’clock

ban·go

ABCDEFGHIJKLNo

of*

I’ve got the wrong number

ban·go o machigaemashita

stuvwxy z{| what is your phone number?

denwaban·go wa nan-ban desu ka?

number plate

namba-pureto

ª«¬­®¯°± ²³´

kan·goshi

(woman) kan·gofu

µ¶¸

ji kawat·ta

ÊËÌÍ

qr

nurse (man)

É

Jugatsu

odd (strange)

(figure) suji

}~¡¢£¤¥¦§ ¨©

118

nat·tsu

¹º»

… no

ÎÏ

off (lights)

kiete iru

ÐÑÒÓÔ

sore wa … kara sugu desu

it’s just off ...

ÕÖ×ØÙÚÛÜÝÞ we’re off tomorrow

ashita

tachimasu

ßàáâãäå office (place of work)

æçè

jimusho

officer (said to policeman)

omawari-san

!"#$%&

often

yoku

'(

~¡¢£¤

met·ta ni

)*+,

basu wa nan-bon kurai arimasu ka?

-./012345 6789: oil (for car)

;?@

dialogue

(for salad) sarada-oiru

ABCDEF ointment

GH

OK

how old are you? oikutsu desu ka? I’m 25 ni-ju-go desu and you? anata wa?

nanko

oke

IJKL daijobu desu

MNOPQRS is that OK with you?

i desu ka?

sore de

old-fashioned

mukashi-fu

(no)

º»¼½¾

old town (old part of town)

kyushigai

TUVWXYZ[\

¿ÀÁ

is it OK to ...?

in the old town

… shite mo i

desu ka?

]^_`abcd ef sore de kamaimasen, arigato

that’s OK, thanks

ghijklmn opqrstu

I’m OK (nothing for me) watashi wa kek·ko desu

vwxyz{|} (I feel OK) daijobu desu

ÂÃÄÅ omelette

kyushigai ni

omuretsu

ABCDEFGHIJKLOn

are you OK?

ka?

ÆÇÈÉ

on

… no ue

ÊËÌ

on the street

ÍÎÏ

tori de

is it on this road? sore wa kono michizoi desu ka?

ÐÑÒÓÔÕÖ× ØÙÚÛ

119

English ➜ Japanese

on the plane

hikoki de

a one-way ticket to ...

on Saturday

Doyobi ni

… made katamichi-kip·pu o ichi-mai

on television

terebi de

ÜÝÞß àáâã äåæç

onion

I haven’t got it on me

ima

mot·te imasen

èéêëìíîïð

tamanegi

_`ab

only

… dake

cde

this one’s on me (drink) kore wa watashi mochi desu

only one

the light wasn’t on

denki ga tsuite imasen deshita

rokuji desu

!"#$%&' ()*+,-

tsuita bakari desu

ñòóôõö÷ø

ABCDEFGHIJKLOn

what’s on tonight? komban wa nani o yat·te imasu ka?

./012345 6789:

once (on one occasion)

;<

ik·kai

hitotsu dake

fghij

it’s only 6 o’clock

mada

klmnop I’ve only just got here

on/off switch

{|}~

open (adj)

¡¢£

suit·chi

hiraita

(verb: door) akemasu

(as soon as) it·tan …-tara

(of shop) eigyo-chu

at once (immediately)

when do you open?

=>

¤¥¦§

?@ABCDEF one*

sugu

one-way ticket

kip·pu

PQRS

koko wa

«¬­®¯°±²³ ´µ

hitotsu

LMNO

¨©ª

itsu akimasu ka?

IJK

the white one

mada

qrstuvwx yz

(formerly) mae ni

GH

120

TUVWXYZ[\ ]^

shiroi no

I can’t get it open

katamichi-

in the open air

¶¸¹º» ¼½¾

opening times

akimasen

kogai de

eigyojikan

opun-chiket·to

ÃÄÅÆÇÈÉÊ

opera

opera

ËÌÍ

operation (medical)

shujutsu

operator (telephone)

opereta

ÎÏ

ÐÑÒÓÔÕ

opposite: the opposite direction hantaihoko

Ö×ØÙ

the bar opposite

ba

opposite my hotel

hoteru no

mukaigawa ni

megane-ya

éêëì mata wa

íîï

orange (fruit)

orenji

!"#$

(colour) orenji-iro (no)

%&'()*+, orange juice

orenji-jusu

-./01234

orchestra

okesutora

56789:

order (noun)

;<

BCDEFGHIJ KL

I’ve already ordered mo chumon shimashita

MNOPQRST

I didn’t order this kore wa chumon shimasen deshita

UVWXYZ[\] ^_`

chumon

ordinary

futsu (no)

hijklm

other

hoka no

nopqr the other one

mo kataho no

the other day

sujitsu mae

stuvw xyz

I’m waiting for the others hoka no hitotachi o mat·te imasu

{|}~¡¢£¤ ¥¦§¨©ª do you have any others?

hoka nimo arimasu ka?

«¬­®¯°±²³´ otherwise

samonaito

µ¶¸¹º

Oriental

toyo (no)

»¼½¾¿

(verb) chumon shimasu

our(s)*

can we order now? (in

out: he’s out

=>?@A

kowarete imasu

abcdefg

ABCDEFGHIJKLOu

àáâãäåæçè

or

chumon shite mo i desu ka?

out of order

mukai no

ÚÛÜÝÞß

optician

restaurant)

English ➜ Japanese

¿ÀÁÂ open ticket

watashitachi no

ÀÁÂÃ

kare wa

121

English ➜ Japanese

gaishutsu-chu desu

ÄÅÆÇÈÉÊ three kilometres out of town

machi kara san-kiro

ËÌÍÎÏÐ outdoor pool

okugai-puru

ÑÒÓÔÕ

outside

… no soto ni soto ni

suwaremasu ka?

ÚÛÜÝÞßàá obun

âãäå

are you on your own?

ohitori

23456789 hitori desu

:; owner

mochinushi

oyster

kaki

?@A

koko ni

P

asoko ni

ABCDEFGHIJKLOu

éêëì

over 500 go-hyaku

íîïðñ it’s over

ijo

owarimashita

òóôõö÷

overcharge: you’ve overcharged me kore wa torisugi desu

øùúûüýþ6!

overcoat

oba

"#

%$overland mail

&'(

sarubin

)*+,-

overtake

Pacific Ocean Taiheiyo

DEF

pack (verb)

nimotsu o tsumemasu

GHIJKLM a pack of ...

… hito-pak·ku

NOPQR package (parcel)

kozutsumi

package holiday

pak·ku-

ST

overnight (travel)

ryoko ip·paku (no)

oikoshimasu

./0123

owe: how much do I owe you?

ikura haraeba i desu ka?

122

-./01

BC

over: over here over there

watashi-jishin no …

I’m on my own

can we sit outside?

æçè

own: my own ...

desu ka?

Ö×ØÙ

oven

!"#$%&'( )*+,

UVWXY

packed lunch

Z[\

obento

packet: a packet of cigarettes

tabako hito-hako

]^_`a

bcd

tambo

page (of book)

efg

pants (underwear: men’s)

ÅÆÇ

peji

(women’s) shotsu

ÁÂÃÄ

…-san o yobidashite kuremasen ka?

could you page Mr ...?

hijklmno pqrstuvwx pagoda

y

pain

to

ÌÍÎ

pantyhose

panti-sutok·kingu

ÏÐÑÒÓÔÕÖ× ØÙ Ú

z{

kami

(Japanese) washi

I have a pain here

koko ga

itai desu

|}~¡¢£¤ itai

painful

¥¦

!"

(newspaper) shimbun

#$

a piece of paper

kami

ichi-mai itamidome

§¨©ª

painting

«

%&'

paper folding

()*

e

origami

paper handkerchiefs

pair: a pair of ...

hito-kumi

no …

¬­®¯ °±

kyuden

pale (colour)

usu-…

²³´µ pale blue

usu-aoi

¶¸¹º» furaipan

¼½¾¿À

panties (women’s underwear)

shotsu

ÁÂÃÄ

tis·shu-

pepa

+,-./0123

parcel

kozutsumi

45

pardon (me)? (didn’t understand/hear) nante

ABCDEFGHIJKLPa

painkillers

pan

(US: trousers) zubon

paper

itami

palace

pantsu

English ➜ Japanese

paddy field

imashita ka?

6789:;?

parents (one’s own)

@A

ryoshin

(someone else’s) goryoshin

BCD

park (noun)

koen

123

English ➜ Japanese

EF

on the pavement

ª«¬

(verb) chushajo

GHI

pavilion

koko ni chusha shite mo i desu ka?

pay (verb)

can I park here?

JKLMNOPQ RSTUVW

parking lot

chushajo

part (noun)

bubun

XYZ [\

patona

]^_`a (in business) kyodo-keiei-sha

bcdef party (group)

ABCDEFGHIJKLPa

gh

dantai

(celebration) pati

ijklm passport

okanjo o

onegai shimasu

µ¶¸¹º»¼ ½¾¿ mo

harat·te arimasu

ÀÁÂÃÄÅÆÇÈ

dialogue who’s paying? dare ga haraimasu ka? I’ll pay watashi ga haraimasu

pasupoto

moraimashita, watashi ga haraimasu

pqrst

past*: in the past

uvw

mae ni payment

just past the information office an·naijo o koete sugu

xyz{|}~¡¢ komichi

£¤

moyo

¥¦§

pavement

124

can I pay, please?

no, you paid last time, I’ll pay ie, konomae harat·te

no

¨©

shiharaimasu

°±²³´

jokyaku

passenger

pattern

tenjikan

­®¯

it’s already paid for

partner (boyfriend, girlfriend etc)

path

hodo de

hodo

shiharai

ÉÊË

payphone

koshudenwa

ÌÍÎÏ

peaceful

shizuka (na)

!"#$%&

peach

momo

'(

peanuts

pinat·tsu

)*+,-

./

pearl

too many people

osugi

shinju

01

opqrst

peculiar (strange)

2345

kawat·ta

pedestrian crossing

6789

odanhodo

hokosha-

ten·goku

:; sentaku-

basami

?@ABCDE (for tent) pegu

FG pen

pen empitsu pemparu

penfriend

NOPQ

penishirin

RSTUV

penknife

poket·to-naifu

WXYZ[\]

pensioner

nenkin-seikatsu·sha

^_`ab people

cd

per: per night

hito-ban ni

yz{|} how much per day?

ichinichi ikura desu ka?

~¡¢£¤¥¦§¨ per cent

hito

pasento

©ª«¬­ perfect

kampeki (na)

®¯°±²

perfume

kosui

perhaps

tabun

³´

JKLM

penicillin

kosho

uvwx

µ¶¸

perhaps not

tabun chigau

desho

¹º»¼½¾¿ÀÁ

period (of time)

ÂÃ

kikan

(menstruation) seiri

ÄÅ

permit (noun)

ÆÇ

person

ÈÉ

kyoka

hito

the other people in the hotel

personal stereo

hoteru no hoka no tomarikyaku

petrol

efghijklm

ABCDEFGHIJKLPe

HI

pencil

pepper (spice)

tsui

pedestrian zone

peg (for washing)

hito ga

English ➜ Japanese

n

nashi

pear

uokuman

ÊËÌÍÎÏ gasorin

ÐÑÒÓ

125

English ➜ Japanese

petrol can

ÔÕÖ

sekiyukan gasorin-

petrol station

sutando

×ØÙÚÛÜÝÞ yak·kyoku, kusuri-ya

pharmacy

!"#$% Philippines

Firipin

&'()*

phone (noun)

+,

denwa

(verb) denwa shimasu

-./01 phone book

234

denwacho

ABCDEFGHIJKLPe

phone box

koshudenwa

phonecard

terefon-kado

5678

9:;?

phone number

@ABC

photo

denwaban·go

shashin

de

kite kuremasen ka?

fghijklmn opqrstuv

picnic (noun)

picture (painting)

|

}~ piece

hitotsu

¡¢£

a piece of ... pill

piru

ª«

I’m on the pill

¬­®¯°±²³´

pin (noun)

\]^_` piano

piru o nonde

imasu

pillow case

piano

hito-kire no …

¤¥¦§¨©

sumimasen, shashin tot·te kuremasen ka?

kaiwa-hyogen-

e

(photo) shashin

excuse me, could you take a photo of us? chot·to

shu

piknik·ku

wxyz{

pillow

phrasebook

suri

pick up: will you be there to pick me up? soko made mukae ni

DE

FGHIJKLM NOPQRSTUV WXYZ[

126

abc pickpocket

makura

µ¶¸

makura-kaba

¹º»¼½¾ ¿À

pinball

pin

pachinko

ÁÂÃÄ

pine

Å

matsu

pineapple

painap·puru

ÆÇÈÉÊË

pinku-iro (no)

ÌÍÎÏÐÑÒ

pipe (for smoking)

ÓÔÕ

paipu

(for water) suidokan

Ö×Ø

ÙÚÛÜ piza

ÝÞ

!"#

tokoro

which platform is it for Nara?

anata no

tokoro de

$%&'()*+ at his place

kare no tokoro

,-./01

plain (not patterned)

23456

muji (no)

hikoki

789

shokubutsu

>?

bansoko

@ABCDE purastik·ku

FGHIJKL (credit cards) kurejit·to-kado

MNOPQRST plastic bag

xyz{

(music) kakemasu

|}~¡

(noun: in theatre) shibai

¢£

playground

asobiba

¤¥¦§

pleasant

kimochi no i

¨©ª«¬­

please (requesting)

hikoki de

:;

kome

(boiled) gohan

?@A

(fried) chahan

BCDEF rich (person)

kanemochi (no)

GHIJKL

ABCDEFGHIJKLRi

itadakemasu ka?

íîïðñòóô õö÷

English ➜ Japanese

ãäåæçèé êëì

dialogue

(food) kot·teri shita

MNOPQR ridiculous

bakageta

STUV

right (correct)

WXY

tadashi

(not left) migi (no)

Z[\]

you were right

anata no iu

135

English ➜ Japanese

tori deshita

^_`abcdef gÒV that’s right

so desu

ijkl

this can’t be right

kon·na

hazu wa nai desu

mnopqrst uv right here

chodo koko de

wxyz{|}

is this the right road for ...?

…e iku niwa kono michi de i desu ka?

~¡¢£¤¥¦§¨ ©ª«¬­®¯

jukushita

ØÙÚ

rip-off: it’s a rip-off!

hogai na

nedan desu!

ÛÜÝÞßàáâ rip-off prices

hogai na

nedan

ãäåæç

risky

kiken (na)

river

kawa

road

michi

èéê ë ì

kore wa … e iku michi desu ka?

is this the road for ...?

ABCDEFGHIJKLRi

on the right

migi ni

íîïðñòóô !"#$

to the right

migi e

down the road

°± ²³

migi e magat·te

turn right

kudasai

´µ¶¸¹º»¼ ½¾ right-hand drive

migi-

handoru (no)

¿ÀÁÂÃ ring (on finger)

ÄÅÆ

I’ll ring you

yubiwa

ÇÈÉÊËÌÍÎ

ring back

shimasu

%&'( road map

orikaeshi denwa

ÏÐÑÒÓÔÕÖ×

konosaki

dorochizu

)*+,

roadsign

doro-hyoshiki

-./0

rob: I’ve been robbed

osowaremashita

goto ni

1234567 89:

rock

atode denwa

shimasu

136

ripe (fruit)

;

iwa

(music) rok·ku



on the rocks (whisky) on-za-rok·ku de

?@ABCD

}~¡¢£¤¥¦§ ¨©ª«¬­®

rorupan

EFGHI

roof (of house)

yane

JK

rubber (material)

¯°

(of car) rufu

(eraser) keshigomu

LMN room

±²³´

heya

rubber band

OP

µ¶¸

in my room

watashi no heya

de

QRSTU room service

ropu

]^_

rosé (wine)

`a

rubbish (waste)

¹º

gomi

»¼½¾

rubbish! (nonsense) bakabakashi!

¿ÀÁÂÃÄÅ

roze

rucksack

round: it’s my round

daitai

rude

shitsurei (na)

watashi

ruins

iseki

no ban desu

fghij round-trip ticket

ofuku-kip·pu

klmn

a round-trip ticket to ...

… made no ofuku-kip·pu o ichi-mai

opqrstuv wxy ikikata

z{|

dore ga ichiban i ikikata desu ka?

what’s the best route?

ÍÎÏÐÑ ÒÓ

rum

ramu-shu

ÔÕÖ

rum and Coke®

ramu-shu

no kora-wari

×ØÙÚÛÜÝÞß

run (verb: person)

!"#$

ABCDEFGHIJKLRu

bcde

ryuk·ku-sak·ku

ÆÇÈÉÊËÌ

roughly (approximately)

route

wagomu

(poor quality goods) garakuta

rumu-sabisu

VWXYZ[\

rope

gomu

English ➜ Japanese

roll (bread)

hashirimasu

I’ve run out of money okane ga soko o tsukimashita

%&'()*+ ,-.

rush hour

ras·shu-awa

/012345 137

English ➜ Japanese

{|

S

the same as this

sad

}~¡¢£¤

kanashi

6789

saddle (for bike)

:;<

safe (adj)

sadoru

anzen (na)

=>?@A

anzen-pin

safety pin

BCDE

sailboard (noun)

safubodo

FGHIJK

sailboarding

uindosafingu

LMNOPQRS TU

sailing

seringu

ABCDEFGHIJKLSa

VWXYZ

sake bottle

tok·kuri

[\]^

sake cup

_`ab

salad

sarada dores·shingu

fghijk

uridashi-chu

lmnop

serusuman

qrstuv wx

salt

it’s all the same to me

dot·chi demo onaji desu

±²³´µ¶¸¹º sand

sake

sandals

sandaru

½¾¿À

(wooden) geta

ÁÂ

sandoit·chi

sandwich

ÃÄÅÆÇÈ seiri-yo napukin

ÉÊËÌÍÎÏ obi

Saturday

Doyobi

ÑÒÓ

sauce

sosu

ÔÕÖ

saucepan

katatenabe

×ØÙÚ

saucer

ukezara

!"#

shio

sauna

yz

same: the same

suna

»¼

Ð

salad dressing

salmon

¥¦§E¨©ª«¬ ­®¯°

sash

cde

salesman

the same again, please onaji no o mo hitotsu kudasai

sanitary napkins/towels

sakazuki

sale: for sale

138

kore to

onaji no

sauna

!"#

onaji

sausage

soseji

pqr

imasu

scooter

)*+,

how do you say ... in Japanese? Nihon-go

o nan te imasu ka?

scotch

de …

-./01234 56789: kare wa nan te imashita ka? what did he say?

;?@ABC DE she said ...

imashita

kanojo wa … to

FGHIJKL MNO could you say that again?

PQRSTUVW XYZ[\]^ sukafu

keshiki

fg

no

Sukot·torando

(no)

¯°±²³´µ ¶¸¹

I’m Scottish watashi wa Sukot·torando-jin desu

º»¼½¾¿ÀÁ ÃÄÅ

scrambled eggs

iri-tamago

screen (Japanese)

byobu

ÆÇÈÉÊ ËÌÍÎ

×

teikibin

gak·ko

scissors: a pair of scissors

hasami

Scottish (adj)

kakejiku

ÓÔÕÖ

hij school

Sukot·torando

¨©ª«¬­®

sea

(US: timetable) jikokuhyo

klm

Scotland

(rolled) makimono

yotei

scheduled flight

serotepu

£¤¥¦§

ÏÐÑÒ

cde

schedule

Scotch tape®

scroll (hanging)

_`ab

scenery

Sukot·chi-uisuki

xyz{|}~¡¢

ABCDEFGHIJKLSe

mo ichido it·te kuremasen ka?

scarf

sukuta

stuvw

English ➜ Japanese

$%&'( say (verb)

umi

by the sea

ØÙÚ seafood

umibe de

shifudo

ÛÜÝÞß

seafront kaigan-zoi

àáâã

on the seafront kaigan-zoi

äåæçè

ni

139

English ➜ Japanese

seal: personal seal

éêë

hanko

search (verb)

sagashimasu

ìíîïð

seasick: I feel seasick

yoimashita

I get seasick

funayoi suru

tachi desu

()*+,-./0

seaside: by the seaside

kaigan de

san-kai

(US) ni-kai

mn

secretary

op

hisho

mimasu

see

qrs

mite mo i desu

ka?

tuvwxyz{|

seki

have you seen ...?

kono seki wa fusagat·te imasu ka?

is this seat taken?

ABCDEFGHIJKLSe

56789:;< =>?@AB

…o

mimashita ka?

}~¡¢£¤¥¦ I saw him this morning

§¨©ª«¬­®¯

shito-beruto

seaweed

kaiso

°±²³´µ

secluded

hempi (na)

I see (I understand) naruhodo

CDEFGH IJ

KLMNOP

second (adj)

ni-bam·me (no)

(of time) byo

W

chot·to mat·te kudasai!

just a second!

XYZ[\]^_` ab second class (train etc)

futsuseki

kesa

kare ni aimashita

seat belt

QRSTUV

140

kl

can I see?

123 4

chuko (no)

fghij

second floor

fune ni

!"#$%&'

seat

cde second-hand

see you!

ja, mata!

¶¸¹º

self-service

serufu-sabisu

»¼½¾¿ÀÁ

sell

urimasu

ÂÃÄÅ do you sell ...?

… wa

arimasu ka?

ÆÇÈÉÊËÌÍ

Sellotape®

serotepu

ÎÏÐÑÒ

send

okurimasu

kore o Igirisu ni okuritai no desu ga

×ØÙÚÛÜÝÞ ßàáâãäåæ separate

betsubetsu (no)

çèéêëìí

separated: I’m separated

watashi wa bek·kyo-chu desu

îïðñòóô separately (pay, travel)

betsubetsu ni

õö÷øù September

úû

judai (na)

(illness) omoi

&'(

(person) majime (na)

)*+,-.

service charge (in restaurant)

sabisu-ryo

/0123 service station

gasorin-sutando

456789:; serviette

napukin

set menu

teishoku

? @A

several

could you sew this back on?

kore o nuitsukete kuremasen ka?

MNOPQRST UVWXYZ[ sex

sek·kusu

\]^_

sexy

sekushi (na)

`abcdef

shade: in the shade

ikutsuka (no)

BCDEFGH

hikage

ni

ghij kl

asai

shame: what a shame! (it’s a pity) zan·nen!

mno

shampoo (noun)

shampu

pqrst

shampoo and set

shampu to

set·to

uvwxyz{|} share (verb: room)

aibeya ni

narimasu

ABCDEFGHIJKLSh

!"#

%$IJKL

shallow (water)

Kugatsu

serious (problem)

nuimasu

sew

I want to send this to England

English ➜ Japanese

ÓÔÕÖ

~¡¢£¤¥¦§ (table) aiseki shimasu

¨©ª«¬ sharp (knife)

yoku kireru

­®¯°± (pain) surudoi

²³´µ shaver

denki-kamisori

¶¸¹º»¼

141

English ➜ Japanese

shaving foam

shebingu-fomu

½¾¿ÀÁÂÃÄÅ Æ

shaving point

denki-kamisori-yo konsento

ÇÈÉÊËÌÍ ÎÏÐÑÒ she*

kanojo kanojo wa

is she here?

ÕÖ×ØÙÚÛÜ

sheet (for bed)

ÝÞß

shitsu

shoelaces

kutsu is·soku

kutsu·himo

>?@A

shoe polish

kutsuzumi

BCDE

shop

ABCDEFGHIJKLSh

K

kai

sheri

ãäåæ

Shinto (adj)

Shinto (no)

çèéêë

Shintoism

ìí

Shinto

fune

by ship

!"

kutsunaoshi

mise

fune de

shirt

shatsu

shit!

kuso!

LMNOPQR shopping centre

shop·pingu-senta

STUVWXYZ [\ shop window

shouindo

shore (of sea)

umibe

ef

(of lake) kishibe

gh

short (person)

&'(

shock (noun)

kaimono ni ikimasu

]^_`abcd

#

%$ijkl

shok·ku

)*+,

142

kutsu

89

shopping: I’m going shopping

sherry

î

shoe

FGHIJ

àá

ship

hidoi

567

shoe repairer

tana

â

-./01234

shocking

:;

terrible

gak·ki

shuten

hidoi

?@A

ketai meru

ÅÆpqr

terrific

subarashi

BCDEF

than

… yorimo

tisupun

GHIJ

tea towel

fukin

chisai

teenager

tin·eija

íîï

otera

67

teaspoon

æçèéêëì

kion

(fever) netsu

text (message)

kis·sa-ten

àáâ

team

!"

ABCDEFGHIJKLTh

ÀÁÂÃÄÅÆÇÈ ÉÊËÌÍ

ðñòóôõö÷ø telephone

English ➜ Japanese

daitai nisen-go-hyaku-en desu

about 2,500 yen

smaller than ...

… yorimo

KLMNOPQR

thank: thank you, thanks

155

English ➜ Japanese

arigato

that’s nice

thank you very much honto ni arigato gozaimasu

ka?

STUVW XYZ[\]^_` abcdef thanks for the lift

nosete

kurete arigato

ghijklmn opq no thanks

ie kek·ko desu

rstuvwxy z{ dialogue

ABCDEFGHIJKLTh

sore

¹º»¼½¾¿À that’s it (that’s right)

sono tori

desu

ÁÂÃÄÅÆÇ

the*

sono

ÈÉ

theatre

ÊË

gekijo

their(s)* (male)

ÌÍÎ

karera no

them* (things)

!"

sore

(male) karera (o)

!"#

%$(female) kanojotachi (o)

&'()*+,

(further away) are

for them karera/kanojotachi no tame ni

~¡

(adj: nearby) sono

¢£

-./01234 567

(further away) ano

with them

karera/ kanojotachi to is·sho ni

¤¥

that one (nearby)

¦§

sore

(further away) are

¨©

I hope that ... …

ne

89:; ?@AB to them

-tara i desu

ª«¬­®¯°±²

156

sore wa … desu

ÏÐÑÒÓ

ie, do itashimashite

|}

is that ...?

(female) kanojotachi no

thanks arigato that’s OK, don’t mention it

that (nearby)

suteki desu

³´µ¶¸

karera/kanojotachi

ni

CDEFGHIJ

who? – them dare desu ka? – karera/kanojotachi desu

then (at that time)

[\]

sono toki

(after that) sore kara

^_`a there

soko de muko ni

asoko ni

ijkl is there ...?

… ga arimasu

ka?

mnopqrst are there ...?

… ga arimasu

ka?

… ga arimasu

}~¡¢£¤ there are ...

ga arimasu

¥¦§¨©ª

there you are (giving something) hai, dozo

«¬­®¯° Thermos® flask

±²³´

these*

mahobin

(female) kanojotachi

ÊËÌÍ atsui

(stupid) nibui

ÐÑÒ thief

dorobo

thigh

momo

ÓÔÕÖ ×Ø

thin (person)

ÙÚÛ

yaseta

(object) usui

ÜÝÞ thing

mono

ßà

my things

watashi no

shibutsu

áâãä

think

kan·gaemasu

!"#$

I think so watashi wa so omoimasu I don’t think so

(adj) kono

watashi wa so wa omoimasen

¹º

irimashita

ÈÉ

%&'()*+,-

korera

µ¶¸

I’d like these

(male) karera

ABCDEFGHIJKLTh

uvwxyz{| there is ...

sorera

ÎÏ

efgh up there

ÅÆÇ

thick

bcd

over there

they* (things)

English ➜ Japanese

KLMNOPQ RSTUVWXYZ

kore ga ki ni

»¼½¾¿ÀÁÂà Ä

./012345 678 I’ll think about it sore ni tsuite wa kan·gaete

157

English ➜ Japanese

okimasu

9:;?@A BCDEF third party insurance

GHIJK

nodo ga

kawakimashita

LMNOPQRST this

kore

nagemasu

throw away

sutemasu

­®¯° ±²³´

oya-yubi

thunderstorm

WX

º»

kore

this is my wife

Thursday

watashi no

ABCDEFGHIJKLTh

[\]^_ is this ...?

rai-u

Moku·yobi

±²³

tsuma desu

ticket

¼

ken

(for transport) kip·pu

kore wa … desu

½¾

ka?

`abcdefg

those

hij (adj) ano

kl

which ones? – those

dore

mnopqrstu vw

thread (noun)

xy

throat

dialogue

arera

desu ka? – are desu

ito

throat pastilles

|}~¡

a return to Sendai Sendai made ofuku-kip·p o ichi-mai coming back when? kaeri wa itsu desu ka? today/next Tuesday

kyo/tsugi no Kayobi desu that will be 13,000 yen

nodo

ichi-man-san-zen-en ni narimasu

z{

158

throw (verb)

µ¶¸¹

(adj) kono

YZ

does it go through ...? (train, bus) … o torimasu ka?

thumb

UV

this one

tot·te

¢£¤

¥¦§¨©ª«¬

daisansha-hoken thirsty: I’m thirsty

through

torochi ticket office

kip·pu-uriba

ÄÅÆÇ

tight (clothes etc)

ÈÉÊ

tissues

kitsui

kitsu·sugimasu

ËÌÍÎÏÐ

panti-sutok·kingu

ÑÒÓÔÕÖ×ØÙ ÚÛ

time*

>?@ABC

jikan

Rondon e

IJKLMNOP to Japan/Britain

QRSTUVWX

ima nanji

desu ka?

Þßàáâãäå

YZ[\ toast (bread)

konkai

today

last time

zenkai

toe

!"

next time

%&

kondo

three times

'(

san-kai

kyo

abc

tsumasaki

defg

together

is·sho ni

hij

we’re together (in shop etc)

is·sho desu

timetable

jikokuhyo

)*+

klmn

toilet

toire

opq

kan

where is the toilet?

tin-opener

-./

kankiri

totemo chisai

0123456

tip (to waiter etc)

789

tired

tsukareta

:;?@ABCD is it a long way to ...?

… made toi desu ka?

EFGHIJKLMN

naru yo desu

dame desu!

OPQRS

it’ll brighten up later

ato

de hareru yo desu

dialogue wedding could you tell me the way to ...? … ewa do ikeba i

desu ka?

wedding ring

kek·kon-yubiwa

go straight on until you reach the traffic lights

shin·go ni ikiataru made mas·sugu desu turn left hidari e magat·te kudasai

bcde Wednesday

fgh ij k

no kyo

xy

Z[\

shumatsu

at the weekend

z{|

tenki

weight

shumatsu ni

omosa

ABCDEFGHIJKLWe

weekend

(tea) usui

}~¡

dialogue

weird

hen (na)

¢£¤¥¦

what’s the weather forecast? tenkiyoho

weirdo

wa

do desu ka?

§¨

henjin

welcome: welcome to ...

it’s going to be fine

hareru

yo desu it’s going to rain

lmnopq rstuvw

WXY

]^

raishu

raishu no ashita

yowai

weather

a week (from) today

a week (from) tomorrow

TUV

weak

shukan

(this, last, next etc) shu

saisho no magarikado o migi ni magat·te kudasai watashitachi

Suiyobi

week (one, two, three etc)

take the first on the right

we*

kek·kon-shiki

_`a

English ➜ Japanese

no way!

ame ni

…e

yokoso

©ª«¬­® you’re welcome (don’t

169

English ➜ Japanese

mention it)

do itashimashite

¯°±²³´µ¶ well: I don’t feel well

kibun ga

yoku arimasen

¸¹º»¼½¾ ¿ÀÁ she’s not well

kanojo wa

byoki desu

ÂÃÄÅÆÇÈ you speak English very well

Eigo ga totemo jozu desu ne

ÉÊËÌÍÎÏÐÑ ÒÓÔÕ well done!

sugoi!

Ö×ØÙ

this one as well

… deshita

+,-.

West: the West

/0

west

1

Obei

nishi

in the west

23

Western

nishi ni

Obei (no)

45678

Westerner

9:;

Obei-jin yofu (no)

?@

ABCDEFGHIJKLWe

wet

ÚÛÜÝÞ

nureta

ABC

well well! (surprise)

oya oya!

whale

kujira

what?

nan desu ka?

DEF

GHIJKL

dialogue

what’s that?

gokigen ikaga desu ka?

how are you?

sore wa nan

desu ka?

MNOPQRST

very well, thanks, and you?

what’s happening?

hai, okagesama desu ga, sochira wa?

arundesu ka?

well-done (meat)

äåæçè

Welsh (adj)

uerudan

I’m Welsh

nani ga

UVWXYZ[\] (what’s on?) nani o yat·te imasu ka?

Ueruzu (no)

^_`abcde fg

watashi wa

(what’s wrong?) do shitandes ka?

éêëìí

170

were*

Western-style

kore mo

desu

ßàáâã

Ueruzu-jin desu

!"#$%&'( )*

what should I do?

i desho ka?

do shitara

qrstuvwx yz{|} what a view!

i nagame desu

ne!

~¡¢£¤¥¦§¨ dono basu ni noreba i desu ka?

desu ka? it’s over there muko desu could you show me where it is on the map? chizu de

doko daka oshiete kuremasen ka? it’s just here koko desu see way

what bus do I take?

©ª«¬­®¯° ±²³´µ¶ wheel

which: which bus?

English ➜ Japanese

hijklmnop

dono

basu?

ßàáâã

sharin

¸¹

dialogue

wheelchair

º»¼

when?

kuruma-isu

itsu?

when we get back

ÀÁÂÃÄ

kaet·te kara

when’s the train/ferry?

while: while I’m here

res·sha/feri wa nanji desu ka?

ÅÆÇÈÉÊËÌÍ ÎÏÐÑÒ where?

doko?

I don’t know where it is

daka shirimasen

where is the railway station? eki wa doko

äåæçèéêëì

whisky

uisuki

íîïðñ shiroi

òóô

doko

Ö×ØÙÚÛÜÝÞ dialogue

koko ni

iru aida ni

white

ÓÔÕ

desu

ABCDEFGHIJKLWh

½¾¿

which one? dore? that one sore desu this one? kore? no, that one ie, sore

white wine

shiro-wain

õö÷ø

who?

dare?

ùúû

who is it?

donata desu ka?

!"#$%&' the man who ...

()*

… hito

171

English ➜ Japanese

whole: the whole week

maru

is·shukan

012

tuvw

zembu

whose: whose is this?

windscreen

kore

3456789 :;< doshite desu ka?

can we have some more wine? wain o mo sukoshi

tsuma

moraemasu ka?

ABCDEFGHIJKLWh

¹º»¼½¾¿ÀÁ ÂÃÄÅÆÇÈ

QRS my wife

watashi no tsuma

TUV

will*: will you do it for me?

so

shite kuremasen ka?

WXYZ[\]^_ `a

wind (noun)

b

kaze

wine list

wain no risuto

ÉÊËÌÍÎÏ

winter

Ð

fuyu

in the winter

ÑÒ wire

fuyu ni

waiya

ÓÔÕÖ

mado

near the window

(electric) kodo

×ØÙ mado no

with

… to is·sho ni

soba de

ÚÛÜÝÞ

in the window (of shop)

I’m staying with ... … no tokoro ni tomat·te imasu

efghij shouindo ni

klmnopqrs 172

wain

µ¶¸

(someone else’s) oku-san

cd

kaze ga

®¯°±²³´

wine

MNO

window

uindosafin

tsuyoi desu

hiroi

P

waipa

windy: it’s so windy

doshite desu ka?

wife (one’s own)

¡¢£¤

¥¦§¨©ª«¬­

EFGHIJKL wide

windscreen wiper windsurfing

=>?@ABCD why not?

furonto-garasu

xyz{|}~

wa dare no desu ka?

why?

madogawa no

seki

+,-./ the whole lot

window seat

ßàáâãäåæç èéêë

nashi de

witness

shonin

desu

ìíî ïð

QRST

worse: it’s worse

will you be a witness for me?

watashi no shonin ni nat·te kuremasen ka?

ñòóôõö÷øù úûüý!" woman

#$

josei

wonderful

subarashi

won’t*: it won’t start

do shite

mo stato shimasen

*+,-./012 3456 78

woods (forest) wool

uru

word

kotoba

zaimoku

mori

BCDEF

opqrstuv wxyz{|}~

wrap: could you wrap it up?

tsutsunde kuremasen ka?

¡¢£¤¥¦§¨©ª wrapping paper

«¬­

hososhi

resura

²³ ugokimasen

… de hataraite

imasu

GHIJKLMN world

kuremasen ka?

sumo wrestler

shigoto

it’s not working I work in ...

abcdefgh ijklmn

®¯°±

=>? @A

it·te miru kachi ga arimasu ka?

worth: is it worth a visit?

wrestler

:;<

work (noun)

sai-ak (no)

\]^_`

sekai

OP

worry: I’m worried

wrestling

rikishi

resuringu

ABCDEFGHIJKLWr

wood (material)

UVWXYZ[ worst

would: would you give this to ...? kore o … ni watashite

%&'()

9

nao warui

desu

English ➜ Japanese

without

´µ¶¸¹ sumo wrestling

º»¼ wrist

tekubi

write

kakimasu

sumo

½¾

¿ÀÁÂ

could you write it down?

shimpai

kaite kuremasen ka?

173

English ➜ Japanese

ÃÄÅÆÇÈÉÊËÌ how do you write it?

do

kakimasu ka?

ÍÎÏÐÑÒÓÔ writing paper

ÕÖ×Ø

binsen

wrong: it’s the wrong key

kagi

ga aimasen

X-ray

rentogen

UVWXY

Y

ÙÚÛÜÝÞßà

this is the wrong train kore wa chigau densha desu

áâãäåæçè éê

okanjo ga machigat·te imasu

the bill’s wrong

ëìíîïðñò óôõö

yacht

yot·to

Z[\

yard

yado

year

toshi

]^_ `

yellow

kiroi

abcd

ABCDEFGHIJKLWr

sorry, wrong number

yen

en

sumimasen, ban·go o machigaemashita

yes

hai

!"#$%&'() *+,-./0 sorry, wrong room

sumimasen, heya o machigaemashita

123456789 :;?@ there’s something wrong with ... … wa doko ka okashi

desu

ABCDEFGHI JK what’s wrong?

shimashita ka?

e

fg

yesterday

hij

kino

yesterday morning kino no asa

klmno

the day before yesterday

ototoi

pqrs yet

mada

tu

dialogue

do ka

LMNOPQRST

174

X

mo tsukimashita ka?

is it here yet?

kakarimas

Zen sect

ÑÒ

Zen temple

ÓÔ

zero yoghurt

yoguruto

vwxyz

you* (sing)

{|}

anata

~¡¢£¤ this is for you

kore wa anata

ni agemas

¥¦§¨©ª« ¬­®¯ anata to is·sho ni

°±²³´µ¶

zero

ÕÖ

zip

fasuna

×ØÙÚÛ

wakai

¸¹º

your(s)* (sing)

»¼½¾

anata no

(pl) anatatachi no

¿ÀÁÂÃÄ youth hostel

yusu-hosteru

ÅÆÇÈÉÊË

atarashi fasuna ni kaete kuremasen ka?

ÜÝÞßàáâã !"#$%&'() *+,zip code

yubimban·go

./01

zoo

dobutsu·en

234

ABCDEFGHIJKLZo

young

Zendera

could you put a new zip on?

(pl) anatatachi

with you

Zenshu

English ➜ Japanese

no, not yet ie, mada desu you’ll have to wait a little longer yet mo shibaraku

Z Zen Buddhism

Ì

Zen garden

ÍÎ

Zen priest

ÏÐ

Zen

Zentei

Zenso

175

Japanese ➜ English

Japanese ➜ English

ABCDEFGHIJKL 178

Colloquialisms The following are words you may well hear.You shouldn’t be tempted to use any of the stronger ones unless you are sure of your audience. aho! fool! baka! you fool!, stupid bastard! bakamitai stupid bakayaro! damn fool! bijin beautiful woman charinko bicycle chikusho! damn!, hell! (literally: beast) chot·to! hey! damare! shut up! domo thanks; hi gaijin foreigner ja ne bye, cheerio kak·ko i trendy; cool; handsome kireru blow one’s top konoyaro! damn fool! kuso! shit! maji de honestly; really mansatsu ten-thousand yen note mashi better meshi meal shinjiran·nai unbelievable subarashi! fantastic! sugoi! great!, super!; well done! tondemo nai! no way! urusai! shut up! uso! that’s a lie! usotsuki! liar! yada! no!; yuk! yokat·ta! good!

not that one … ga arimasen no ... aruite walk; on foot arukoru alcohol arukoru-nuki (no) non-alco-

holic asa morning asat·te the day

after tomor-

row half board ashi leg; foot ashikubi ankle ashita tomorrow ashita no asa tomorrow morning ashita no gogo tomorrow afternoon asobiba playground asoko ni up there; over there as·sat·te the day after tomorrow atama head atama ga i intelligent atamakin deposit (as part payment) asayu-nishoku-tsuki

ABCDEFGHIJKLAt

abek·ku lovers, a couple abunai dangerous at·chi e it·te! go away! agemasu to give ago chin; jaw aibeya ni narimasu to share (room) aimasu to meet aiseki shimasu to share (table) aji taste; flavour Ajia Asia Ajia (no) Asian akachan baby akai red akemasu to open akemashite omedeto gozaimasu! Happy New Year! aki autumn, (U S) fall akiraka (na) clear, obvious akuseru accelerator amai sweet (taste) amari not very much amari oku nai not many ame candies, sweets; rain Amerika Gas·shukoku USA ana hole anata (ga) you (sing) anata no your; yours anata o you (sing) anata wa you (sing) anata wa … desu you are anatatachi (ga) you (p l) anatatachi no your; yours (p l) anatatachi o you (p l) anatatachi wa you (p l) ane sister (one’s own: older)

ani brother (one’s own: older) an·naisho information desk ano that; those (further away) anzen (na) safe aoi blue apato apartment, flat araimasu to wash arashi storm aratamat·ta formal are that; that one; those (further away) arigato thank you, thanks arimasen: sore ja arimasen

Japanese ➜ English

A

179

Japanese ➜ English

atarashi new atatakai warm; mild at·chi: at·chi e it·te! go away! at·chi no ho desu it’s that

way after; afterwards, later, later on atsumemasu to collect atsui thick; hot azayaka (na) bright ato de

B

ABCDEFGHIJKLAt

baka (na) silly; stupid baka! you fool! bakageta ridiculous bak·kin fine (punishment) ban van ban·go number ban·go o machigaemashita

wrong number ban·gumi programme bansoko plasters, Bandaid® basu-ryoko coach trip basu-taminaru coach station,

bus station basu-tei bus stop basu-tsuki no heya

with a private bathroom bed·do bed (W estern-style) ben·goshi lawyer benri (na) convenient beruto belt besuto waistcoat betsubetsu (no) separate betsu no another, different bijinesu-hoteru business hotel bijutsu art

180

bijutsu-kan art gallery bimbo poor bim·mei flight number bin jar; bottle biniru-bukuro carrier bag,

plastic bag binsen writing pad biru building biru beer biyoin hairdresser’s (women’s) biza visa bochi cemetery boi porter (in hotel) boku (ga) I (fam, m) boku no my; mine (fam, m) boku o me (fam, m) bokushi priest (Christian) boku wa I (fam, m) bon·net·to bonnet, (U S)

hood boru ball borupen ballpoint pen boshi cap, hat boto boat braja bra bubun part, bit oki bubun a big bit bucho director, head of

department budo martial arts Buk·kyo Buddhism Buk·kyo (no) Buddhist Buk·kyoto Buddhist bunraku traditional puppet

theatre butsudan house altar byo second (of time) byobu screen byoin hospital

C cha-iro (no) brown -chan diminutive suffix

area of a few square

blocks choshi ga okashi faulty choshoku breakfast choshoku-tsuki yado bed

and

breakfast chot·to! hey! chot·to mat·te kudasai!

just a

minute! chot·to sumimasen!

excuse

me! Chugoku China Chugoku (no) Chinese chuibukai careful chuko (no) second-hand chukurai (no) medium, medi-

um-sized chumon order chumon shimasu to order chusha injection chushajo car park, parking chushin centre chushoku lunch chushoku-go after lunch

lot

D double; double room; double whisky -dai classifier for machines, cars, bikes and stereos daidokoro kitchen daigaku college; university daihyo representative daihyo-teki (na) typical daijobu all right, OK; no problem daisuki desu to love

ABCDEFGHIJKLDa

added to child’s name or familiar suffix used between friends and family chanto properly chawan bowl (porcelain) chek·ku-in shimasu to check in chibusa breast chichi father (one’s own) chigai difference chigau different chiho region, district chikai near, nearby chikatetsu underground, (U S) subway chiki area chimu team chip·pu tip chirashi leaflet chisai small chizu map cho area chodo koko de right here choka-tenimotsu excess baggage chokusetsu (no) direct chokutsu direct chokyori-basu coach, bus chokyori-denwa long-distance call

chome

Japanese ➜ English

byoki illness; disease byoki (no) sick, ill byoto ward

daburu

181

Japanese ➜ English

daitai roughly, approximately daitoryo president (of country) daiyaru shimasu to dial dake only, just dambo heater, heating dame! don’t! dame desu! certainly not! sore wa dame desu it’s no

good dandan gradually dansei men dansei-yo toire gents’ toilet,

men’s room dantai party, group dare? who? dare ka anybody; somebody,

someone nobody, no-one; none das·shimen cotton wool, absorbent cotton de by, by means of; with; at; on; in deguchi exit, way out dekakemasu to go away dekimas can dekimasen cannot dekireba hopefully dekirudake … as ... as possible dekirudake hayaku as soon as possible demo but; even the … demo … demo nai neither ... nor ... den·atsu voltage denchi battery den·gon message denki electricity; light dare mo …-masen

ABCDEFGHIJKLDa 182

denki (no) electric denki-kamisori shaver denki-kamisori-yo konsento

shaving point electrical appliances denki-ya electrician; electrical goods shop denkyu light bulb densensei (no) infectious densha train denshi-renji microwave (oven) dento-teki (na) traditional denwa telephone, phone denwaban·go phone number denwaban·go-an·nai directory enquiries denwacho phone book denwa shimasu to call, to phone depato department store desu be; am; is; are; it is anata wa … desu you are ... watashi wa … desu I am ... … desu ka? is it ...? deshita were; was; it was dewa mata see you again dizeru-sha diesel do degree do? how? do shimashita ka? what’s the matter? do itashimashite don’t mention it, you’re welcome doa door doaboi doorman dobutsu animal dobutsu-en zoo denki-seihin

E

(one) of them dochiraka either of them dochira-sama desu ka? who’s

calling? Doitsu Germany Doitsu (no) German dokan desu I agree; all right doka yamete kudasai please

don’t doko? where? doko desu ka? where is doko demo everywhere;

it?

anywhere

streetmap doshite des ka?

why?; why

not? Doyobi Saturday dozo I don’t mind, please

ahead; here you are dozo osaki ni after you dozo yoroshiku pleased to meet you

go

F

ABCDEFGHIJKLFu

doko ka somewhere dokushin single, not married domo thanks; hi domo arigato thanks domo sumimasen sorry dono? which? dore? which one? dore mo …-masen none doro mud dorobo thief dorochizu road map;

to; towards; until; painting, picture; drawing e yes ehagaki postcard eiga film, movie eigakan cinema, movie theater Eigo English (language) Eigo de in English eigyo-chu open eigyojikan opening times Eikoku Britain Eikoku (no) British eizu AIDS eki train station empitsu pencil em-saizu medium en circle; yen erabimasu to choose erebeta lift, elevator eri collar eru-saiz large eya-kon air-conditioning e

Japanese ➜ English

dochira which; who dochira demo nai neither

fak·kusu fax fak·kusu o okurimasu to fax fasuna zip Fransu (no) French Fransu-go French (language) furonto reception desk (in hotel) furonto-gakari receptionist (in hotel)

183

Japanese ➜ English

ABCDEFGHIJKLFu

furonto-garasu windscreen fu city fuben (na) inconvenient fufu married couple fujinfuku-uriba ladies’ wear fukai deep fukano(na) impossible fukin tea towel Fuk·katsu·sai Easter fukumimasu to include fukutsu stomachache fukuro bag, paper bag fumi flavour fumoto bottom fun minute fune boat, ship funsui fountain (ornamental) furui old; stale fusuma sliding door (patterned) futa cap; lid futatsu two; a couple futo envelope futon mattress; bedding futot·ta fat futsuka two days futsukayoi hangover futsu local intercity train futsu(no) ordinary, usual fuyu winter fuyukai (na) unpleasant

G subject particle that emphasizes the subject … ga arimasu there is ...; there are ...

ga

184

… ga arimasen no ...; there’s no ...; there are no ... gaido guide gaijin foreigner gaikoku abroad gaikoku (no) foreign gaikoku-go foreign language gaikoku-jin foreigner gaishutsu shimasu to go out gaku amount gake cliff gak·kari shita disappointed gak·ki term (at university, school) gak·ko school gakusei student Gantan New Year’s Day garakuta rubbish garasu glass gasorin petrol, (U S) gas gasorin-sutando petrol station, (U S) gas station geijutsu-ka artist gekijo theatre genkan doorway, entrance, porch genki? how are you? genki de ne take care, bye, see you genkin cash genkin-jido-shiharaiki cash dispenser, ATM genkin ni kaemasu to cash genzo film processing genzo shimasu to develop geta wooden sandals geto gate (at airport) getsu month (this, last, next etc)

noon go-hyaku five hundred go-ju fifty gojusho address gojusho wa? what’s your

address? gokei total gokigen: gokigen ikaga desu

sorry gomi rubbish, trash; waste gomibako bin; dustbin,

trashcan goro about, approximately goryoshin parents (someone else’s) goshujin husband (someone else’s) gozen am gozen shichiji ni at 7am gun county gurinsha first-class carriage gurinsha-joshaken first-class

train ticket queue

gyoretsu

H ha tooth haburashi toothbrush hachi eight; wasp Hachigatsu August hachi-ju eighty hae fly haguki gum (in mouth) haha mother (one’s own) hai yes; lungs -hai classifier meaning

ABCDEFGHIJKLHa

course Gogatsu May gogo afternoon, pm kyono gogo ni this after-

ka? how are you? gokigen·yo! have a nice day! gomu rubber (material) gomen·nasai excuse me,

Japanese ➜ English

Getsuyobi Monday gezai laxative gin silver ginko bank (money) giri no imoto sister-in-law (one’s own: younger) giri no musuko son-in-law (one’s own) giri no musume daughter-inlaw (one’s own) giri no oka-san mother-inlaw (someone else’s) giri no one-san sister-in-law (someone else’s: older) giri no oni-san brother-inlaw (someone else’s: older) giri no oto-san father-in-law (someone else’s) giri no ototo brother-in-law (one’s own: younger) go five go- polite prefix -go after gochiso-sama deshita it was delicious (literally: it was a feast) gogaku-kosu language

glassful or cupful hai-iro (no) grey hai-oku unleaded petrol hairimasu to come in haisha dentist

185

Japanese ➜ English

haita toothache haitatsu delivery haitatsu shimasu to deliver haizara ashtray hajimarimasu to begin hajime beginning hajimemasu to start hajimemashite how do you

do?, pleased to meet you

ABCDEFGHIJKLHa

hajimete the first time hakubutsukan museum hakike nausea hako box hamabe beach hamaki cigar hambun half hamigakiko toothpaste hana nose; flower hanabi fireworks hanashi-chu engaged, (U S)

occupied hanashimasu

to speak; to

talk hana-ya florist’s han-dasu (no) half

a

dozen handobag·gu bag, handbag, (U S) purse hanemasu to knock over hangaku half fare hangaku (no) half-price hanjikan half an hour hankagai city centre, down-

town hanko personal seal han·nama (na) not cooked han-rit·toru half a litre hantai opposite to hantai (no) against,

186

opposed to hap-pyaku eight hundred harai-modoshi refund hareta fine (weather); swollen harete imasu it’s sunny; it’s

swollen hari needle haru spring hasami scissors hashi bridge (over river);

chopsticks hashirimasu to run hata flag hatake field hayai fast, quick; early hayaku quickly hei fence heikin-teki average (not good) hempi (na) secluded hen (na) weird, strange, odd heya accommodation; room hi fire; day hidari left hidari e to the left hidari ni on the left hidari-kiki (no) left-handed hidoi bad; dreadful; nasty hidoku badly hifu skin higaeri-ryoko day trip higashi east hiji elbow hijoguchi fire escape; emer-

gency exit hikage shade hikari light -hiki classifier for animals hikidashi drawer hikimasu to pull; to play

over

more hitotsu (no) a, an hitsuyo (na) necessary, essen-

tial hiyake tan, suntan; sunburn hiyake-dome sunblock hiyake shimasu to get a tan hiyo ga kakarimasu to cost hiza knee ho cheek (on face) hodo pavement, sidewalk

box

shop something else, anything else hoka niwa nai desu nothing else hoka no other hoken insurance hoki brush hoko direction hokori dust hokusei northwest hokuto northeast hom·mono (no) real, genuine homo (no) gay hon book -hon classfier for pens, cigarettes and other cylindrical objects hone bone hone ga oreta broken hon no sukoshi just a little honto (ni) really hontodesu ka? really? honto(no) true hon·ya bookshop, bookstore hon·yaku translation hon·yaku shimasu to translate honyubin baby’s bottle horitsu law hoseki jewellery hoseki-ten jeweller’s hoshi star hoshidesu to want hosho guarantee hoka ni nani ka

ABCDEFGHIJKLHo

hiko flight hikoki plane, airplane hikui low himo string hinata sun hi ni yaketa suntanned hinshitsu quality hiraita open hiroba square hiroi wide hiru heel (of shoe) hisho secretary hitai forehead hito person; people hito-ban ni tsuki per night hitogomi crowd hito-hako packet hito-kire piece hito-kumi pair hito-pak·ku pack hitori alone hitotsu piece; one hitotsu mo …-masen no mo hitotsu another, one

hodo … nai less ...than hohoemimasu to smile hoka the rest hoka hoka bento lunch

Japanese ➜ English

(instrument) hikinobashi enlargement hik·kuri kaeshimasu to knock

187

Japanese ➜ English

hoshokin deposit hososhi wrapping paper hos·sa fit, attack hotai bandage; dressing hoteru hotel hoteru no heya hotel room hotoke-sama Buddha hotondo almost, nearly hotondo …-masen hardly hyaku hundred hyaku man million hyoshiki sign

I

ikikata route ikimasu to go ikimasho! let’s go! ikitai desu I’d like to ik·kai ground floor, (U S)

ikura desu ka?

how much is

it? ikutsu?

how many?; how

old? ikutsuka (no) several ima now; just, only just ima wa dame desu not just

now ima nanji desu ka?

i

ABCDEFGHIJKLHo 188

first

floor; once ik·kaibun dose

good

i desu that’s good; that’s fine ichi one ichiba market ichiban suki (na) favourite ichi-dasu (no) dozen Ichigatsu January ichinichi-ju all day ichiryu (no) excellent ie house ie no igai dewa apart from igai wa except Igirisu Britain Igirisu (no) British Igirisu-jin British person Igirisu-pondo sterling ijo over, more than sore ijo more than that ika less than, under ikebana flower arrangement iki-iki shita lively

what

time is it? imamade ni ever imasu to say; to call i–meiru e-mail imoto sister (one’s own: younger) inaka country; countryside Indo (no) Indian inryosui drinking water intachenji interchange (on motorway) inu dog ip·pai full; a glass of ip·pai ni shimasu to fill up ip·paku (no) overnight ip·pan-teki (na) general iraira suru annoying iras·shaimase may I help

you ireba dentures iriguchi entrance, way iro colour iseki ruins

in

jibun de myself; by myself jido automatic jido-hambaiki vending

machine jidosha-hoken green card (car insurance) jikan time; hour jiko accident jikokuhyo timetable, (U S)

...

shoes/socks isu chair Isuramukyo (no) Muslim itadakimasu! enjoy your

schedule

meal!, bon appetit!

J ja well jaguchi tap, faucet jama shimasu to disturb ja mata see you later ja ne bye, cheerio ji o’clock

as

ABCDEFGHIJKLJu

itai hurt; painful itai desu it’s sore itami pain, ache itamidome painkillers itamimasu to hurt Itaria Italy Itaria (no) Italian ito thread itoko cousin itsuka fifth itsumo always itsu? when? itsutsu five it·tan …-tara once, as soon iwa rock iya (na) disgusting, nasty izaka-ya pub

jimen ground jimoto no local jimusho office jinja shrine jishin earthquake jitensha bicycle, bike jitensha-okiba bicycle park jodan joke johin (na) posh joho information jokyaku passenger josei woman; lady ju ten; gun; rifle jubun enough judai (na) serious Jugatsu October ju-go fifteen jugyo lesson ju-hachi eighteen ju-ichi eleven Juichigatsu November jujiro crossroads, intersection jukushita ripe ju-kyu nineteen ju-ni twelve Junigatsu December ju-roku sixteen ju-san thirteen ju-shichi seventeen

Japanese ➜ English

isha doctor ishi stone, rock isogashi busy isogimasu to hurry is·sho ni together … to is·sho ni with is·soku pair; pair of

189

Japanese ➜ English

jusho address jushoroku address jutai traffic jam jutan carpet ju-yon fourteen

book

K ka mosquito … ka … ka either ... or ... ka? question particle kaban bag kabe wall kabin vase kacho section chief kado card kado-denwa cardphone kaerimasu to go back, to

ABCDEFGHIJKLJu

return kaeshimasu to give back kagu furniture kagami mirror kagetsu month (one, two, three etc) kagi key; lock kagi o akemasu to unlock kago basket kai floor, storey kaichudento torch kaidan steps, stairs kaigan coast kaigi meeting (business); con-

ference kaigishitsu conference room kaikaishiki opening ceremo-

ny kaikei cash desk kaimasu to buy

190

kaisha company, business kaisoku local train with lim-

ited stops kaji fire (blaze) kakebuton duvet kakejiku scroll (hanging) kakemasu to switch on (engine); to play (music) kakimasu to write kakitome-yubin de by regis-

tered mail kakunin shimasu to confirm kamban sign kamera-ya camera shop kami paper; hair kami-omutsu disposable nap-

pies/diapers kami-sama God kamisori razor kampai! cheers! kampeki (na) perfect kanari fairly, pretty, quite; a

bit kanari takusan quite a lot kanari (no) fair (amount) kanashi sad kanemochi (no) rich (person) kan·gae idea kan·gaemasu to think kan·geikai reception (for guests) kan·gofu nurse (woman) kan·goshi nurse (man) kanji character (written);

Chinese character kanjimasu to feel kankiri can-opener, tin-

opener kanko-an·naijo

tourist infor-

sightseeing tour

hire; to borrow karui light (not heavy) kasa umbrella kashimasu to lend kashikoi clever kashu singer; pop singer kata shoulder kataho one end; one side katai hard katamichi-kip·pu single ticket, one-way ticket kat·to cut kawa leather; river kawaita dry kawari ni instead kawase-tegata banker’s draft kawat·ta odd, strange, peculiar Kayobi Tuesday kazan volcano kaze wind kazoku family kazu number, figure kega o shita injured keiba race (for horses) keieisha manager (in business) keikan policeman keisatsu police keisatsu·sho police station keitai-denwa mobile phone keiyaku contract keiyu stopover keiyu de via kek·ko desu all right, fine ie kek·ko desu no thanks kek·kon marriage

ABCDEFGHIJKLKe

kan·nushi Shinto priest kano(na) possible kanojo (ga) she kanojo no her; hers kanojo o her kanojo wa she kanojotachi (ga) they (f ) kanojotachi no their; theirs (f ) kanojotachi o them (f ) kanojotachi wa they (f ) kanpai! cheers! kanrishoku executive kansen infection kansha (no) grateful kantan (na) simple, easy kanzen ni completely kanzo liver (in body) kanzume can kao face kap·pu cup kap·puru couple kara from; since kara (no) empty karada body karada ni i healthy karai hot, spicy kare he kare ga he kare no his kare o him kare wa he karera (ga) they (m ) karera no their; theirs (m )

karera o them (m ) karera wa they (m ) karimasu to rent, to

Japanese ➜ English

mation office Kankoku South Korea Kankoku (no) Korean kankoryoko trip, excursion,

191

Japanese ➜ English

ABCDEFGHIJKLKe 192

kek·kon shita married kek·kon shite imasu I’m

married kek·kon shite imasu ka?

are

you married? kek·kon-kinen-bi

wedding

anniversary kek·kon-shiki wedding kek·kon-yubiwa wedding

ring kek·kyoku after all kemuri smoke ken ticket; prefecture kendo Japanese fencing ken·eki quarantine kenka fight kenko (na) healthy keredomo although kesa this morning keshiki scenery keshimasu to switch off kesho make-up keshohin cosmetics keshoshitsu ladies’ toilets,

ladies’ room kes·shite …-masen never ketsu·eki blood kewashi steep ki tree; mind; heart kibako wooden box kibo hope kibun feeling kicho(na) valuable kiete iru off (lights) kigaemasu to get changed kiji material (fabric) kikai machine kikan period (of time) kiken (na) risky

kikimasu to listen kikoemasu to hear kimasu to come kimemasu to decide kimi (ga) you (sing, fam) kimi no your; yours (sing, fam) kimi o you (sing, fam) kimi wa you (sing, fam) kimochi no i pleasant kimono kimono; Japanese

clothes kimpatsu (no) blond kin gold kinen-hi monument kin·en-koshitsu nonsmoking

compartment kin·gyo goldfish kinkyu emergency kinkyu (na) urgent kino yesterday kino no asa yesterday

morning kinu silk Kin·yobi Friday kinyushimasu to fill in kinzoku metal kion temperature (weather) ki o tsukete! look out! kip·pu ticket kip·pu-uriba box office; tick-

et office kirai desu hate kirei (na) beautiful; pretty;

nice; clean kirei ni shimasu kiri mist, fog kirimasu to cut kiroi yellow

to clean up

ing

… wa koko desu

here is/are

... masa ni koko de just here koko ni over here koko no kore desu this one

here kokonoka ninth kokonotsu nine kokuritsu (no) national kokusai-teki (na)

international kokuseki nationality kokubin de by airmail kokubin·yo futo airmail

enve-

lope kokyu (na) upmarket komban tonight, this

evening komban wa good evening kome rice (uncooked) komichi path komori child minder kona-sek·ken soap powder konda crowded konde iru busy kondo next time kon-iro (no) navy (blue) konkai this time konkuru contest kon·nichi wa hello kono this; these konoha leaf konosaki down the road kono shita desu down here konsento power point kop·pu glass kore this; this one; these kore desu ka this one here

ABCDEFGHIJKLKo

to look forward to kitanai dirty kitsui tight kit·te stamp -ko classifer for fruit, cakes, eggs and small chunky objects koban police box kocha tea (drink) kodo wire; lead kodomo child; children kodomo-yo (no) children’s koe voice koen park kogai open air kogai suburb Kogo-Heika Empress of Japan kohei (na) fair, impartial kohi coffee koi carp koin-randori launderette, laundromat kojo factory koka coin kokan-reto exchange rate kok·kyo border (of country) kokunaisen domestic flight koko here koko desu right here, just kitai shimasu

here

Japanese ➜ English

kisu kiss kishibe shore (of lake) kis·sa-ten teahouse; café kis shimasu to kiss kita north Kita-Chosen North Korea kitai hazure (no) disappoint-

193

Japanese ➜ English

kore kara in future kore wa … desu this is ... korekuto-koru reverse charge

call, collect call kori ice korobimasu to fall koruku-nuki corkscrew kosu course kosaten junction kosho breakdown koshubenjo public toilets koshudenwa phone box,

payphone kosobiru skyscraper kosokudoro motorway, free-

way, highway

ABCDEFGHIJKLKo

kos·setsu fracture kosui perfume kotatsu footwarmer kot·chi this; this way; here koto coat kotoba word, language kotsu traffic kotsujiko road accident kot·tohin antique kot·tohin-ten antique shop kowareta damaged; broken kowarete imasu out of order kowashimasu to break, to

damage koza bank account, account kozeni change, money kozui flood kozutsumi parcel, package kusa grass kusuri drug, medicine kusuri-ya pharmacy ku ward, area of a city kubi neck

194

kuchi mouth kuchibeni lipstick kuchibiru lips kudaketa informal kudamono fruit Kugats September kuishimbo (no) greedy kujira whale kujo complaint kujoo imas to complain kuki air kuko airport kumo spider kumori (no) cloudy, dull -kun suffix used when

addressing a young person kuni country, nation kurabemasu to compare kurai about, approximately kuremasu to give … o kuremasen ka? could I

have ...? …-te kuremasen ka?

could

you ...? kurikaeshimasu to repeat Kurisumasu-Ibu Christmas

Eve kuro black kuroi dark kuroku cloakroom kuruma car kushami o shimasu to sneeze kushi comb kutsu shoe kutsu-himo shoelaces kutsunaoshi shoe repairer kutsu no soko sole (of shoe) kutsuzumi shoe polish kuzushimasu to change

M mabushi bright machi town; area machi-awase-basho

place

meeting

as Mok·yobi made ni

by

Thursday mado window madogawa no seki

window

seat mae ago; front ichijikan mae an hour ago sono mae no hi the day

before mae mot·te in advance mae ni in front, at the front;

formerly, in the past; before magarikado turning (in road) magomusuko grandson (one’s own) magomusume granddaughter (one’s own) mahobin Thermos® flask -mai classifier for pieces of

paper, tickets and other thin, flat objects mainichi (no) daily majime (na) serious makura pillow makura-kaba pillow case mama mum mama desu not bad, so-so man·ga comic book manikyua nail varnish man·naka middle manshon apartment block Mare-hanto (no) Malay

ABCDEFGHIJKLMa

restante kyori distance kyoryoku help kyu nine kyuden palace kyugyo closed kyu-hyaku nine hundred kyu-ju ninety kyuka holiday, vacation kyukei-jikan interval kyuko express train kyukyubako first-aid kit kyukyubyoto casualty department kyukyusha ambulance kyureki lunar calendar kyusuiki fountain (for drinking)

machigai error, mistake machigat·ta false, not true machimasu to wait mada still; only; yet ie, mada desu not yet made to; up to; until; as far

Japanese ➜ English

(money) kyaku customer kyakusha coach, carriage kyakushitsu compartment kyakushitsu-gakari maid kyanseru-machi standby kyo today kyodai brother kyodo-keiei-sha partner (i n business) kyoka permit kyokai church kyoku-dome-yubin poste

195

Japanese ➜ English

maroyaka (na) mild masaka! oh no! -masen not -masen deshita didn’t mata again mata wa or matsu pine mat·taku chigaimasu defi-

nitely not mat·taku sono tori desu

defi-

nitely mawari-michi

diversion,

detour mayaku drugs (narcotics) mayonaka midnight mayonaka ni in the middle

of the night; at midnight

ABCDEFGHIJKLMa

me eye megane spectacles, eyeglasses mei niece (one’s own) meishi business card meisho the sights menkyo licence menrui noodles menzei(hin) duty-free

(goods) menzeihin-ten

duty-free

shop met·ta ni not often met·ta ni …-masen

hardly

ever mezurashi

rare, uncommon,

unusual miatarimasen missing michi road midori (no) green midori no madoguchi ticket

counter right

migi

196

migi e to the right migi ni on the right mihon-ichi fair; trade fair mijikai brief, short mik·ka third mimasu to look at; to see mimi ear mimi ga kikoenai deaf minami south o minami in the south minato harbour, port min·geihin-ten craft shop minikui ugly min·na everyone; all … wa min·na all the ... minshuku guesthouse miryoku-teki (na) attractive mise shop mitsukemasu to find mit·tsu three mizu water mizugi swimming trunks;

swimming costume mizumi lake mizusashi jug mo also, too; even; both

... and; neither ... nor mo already mo hitotsu another, one more mochimasu to have; to carry; to hold mochinushi owner mochiron of course mochiron chigaimasu of course not mochite handle modorimasu to get back, to return

back mofu blanket mokutekichi destination Moku·yobi Thursday momen cotton momo thigh mon gate mondai problem mono thing more leak mori woods, forest moshi if moshi … demo even if ... moshi-moshi hello; I’m still

mukogawa across mune chest, breast mura village murasaki (no) purple, violet muryo free of charge mushi insect mushi-atsui humid mushi-sasare insect bite musuko son (one’s own) musume daughter (one’s own) mut·tsu six muzukashi hard, difficult myoji surname

Japanese ➜ English

modot·te ikimasu to go back modot·te kimasu to come

N

here nadare avalanche nagai long nagai aida a long time nagame view nagashi sink nagemasu to throw naisen telephone extension naka inside naka e hairimasu to go in nakai-san maid naka ni inside -nakereba narimasen I must

ABCDEFGHIJKLNa

some more, a little bit more mot·te kimasu to bring; to fetch mot·to more mot·to i better mot·to sukunaku less mot·to takusan a lot more mot·to toku further moyo pattern muchu(na) crazy muen-gasorin unleaded petrol muika sixth muishiki (no) unconscious muji (no) plain mukai no opposite mukashi-fu (no) old-fashioned muko there; over there muko desu, muko ni over there mosukoshi

... nakimasu to cry nakunarimasu to disappear nakushimasu to lose nama (no) raw namae name; first name,

given name namake-mono lazy nana seven nana-hyaku seven hundred

197

Japanese ➜ English

nana-ju seventy nanatsu seven nani? what? nani desu ka? what? sore wa nani desu ka?

what’s that? nani demo i desu

it doesn’t

matter nani ka something, anything nani ka … ka? would you

like anything ...? else nanoka seventh nansei southwest nante imashita? pardon

(me)?, sorry?

ABCDEFGHIJKLNa

indirect object particle double; twice as much ni-bam·me (no) second nibui stupid nichibotsu sunset Nichiyobi Sunday nigai bitter Nigatsu February nihodoki shimasu to unpack Nihon Japan Nihon (no) Japanese Nihon·go Japanese (language) Nihon·go de in Japanese Nihon-jin Japanese (person) ni-hyaku two hundred ni-ju twenty niku meat ni-kai first floor, (U S) second floor; twice nik·ki diary (for personal experiences) nik·ko sunshine niku-ya butcher’s nimotsu luggage, baggage nimotsu o tsumemasu to pack -nin classifier for people nin·gyo doll nin·gyo-geki puppet show ninki no aru popular ninshin-chu (no) pregnant Nip·pon Japan nise (no) fake nishi west ni-bai (no)

nani mo …-masen nothing nani mo nai desu nothing

nanto southeast naorimasu to cure naoshimasu to mend nao warui desu it’s worse;

much worse naraimasu to learn narubeku hayaku as

soon as

possible naruhodo I see; indeed nashi de without natsu summer nazenara because ne? isn’t it?, haven’t we?,

haven’t you? etc nedan cost, price nedoko bed (Japanese-style) nega negative (film) neko cat nemurimasu to sleep nen·gajo New Year’s card nenkin-seikatsu·sha pensioner

198

netsu fever; temperature netsup·poi feverish nezumi mouse; rat ni two; to; in; at; into; on;

o object particle o- polite prefix

ABCDEFGHIJKLOk

O

nice to meet you oba overcoat oba-san aunt oba-san grandmother (someone else’s) Obei the West Obei (no) Western Obei-jin Westerner obi sash oboete imasu to remember obon tray ocha green tea odori main road; avenue odorimasu to dance odoroku-hodo (no) astonishing ofuku-kip·pu return ticket, round-trip ticket ofuro bath ofuro-ba bathroom ofuro-tsuki de ... ... with bathroom ogenki desu ka? how are you? ohayogozaimasu good morning oi nephew (one’s own) oishi delicious oji-san uncle oji-san grandfather ojo-san daughter (someone else’s) oku much oku nai not a lot oka hill okagesama de fine; well okane money o-ai-dekite ureshidesu

Japanese ➜ English

nishukan fortnight ni-to second class (train etc) niwa garden niwaka-ame shower (of rain) no of; possessive particle no aida ni between; during nodo throat nodo no itami sore throat no hoe towards nojo farm nok·ku shimasu to knock nomi flea nomimasu to drink nomimono drink no mukoni beyond norikaemasu to change (trains etc) norimasu to get on (train etc) no shita ni under (in position) no soba near; by umi no soba by the sea no soba ni beside no soko ni at the bottom of no soto ni outside no tame ni because of; for no tonari next to no ue on no ushiro ni behind nuimasu to sew nunoji cloth, fabric nureta wet nusumimasu to steal nyujoryo admission charge

199

Japanese ➜ English

ABCDEFGHIJKLOk 200

okane o tsukaimasu to spend okanjo bill, (U S) check oka-san mother okashi funny, strange oki big, large okimasu to get up; to leave;

to keep; to put okiwasuremasu to leave behind okorimasu to happen okot·ta angry oku-san wife (someone else’s) okugai outdoor okunai indoor okure delay okurimasu to send okurimono gift okyaku-sama guest okyu-teate first aid omago-san grandchild (someone else’s) omatase sorry to keep you waiting omatsuri festival omawari-san policeman omedeto! congratulations! Omisoka New Year’s Eve omiyage souvenir omo (na) main omocha toy omoi serious, grave; heavy omoimas to think omosa weight omoshiroi exciting; interesting; funny, amusing omutsu nappy, diaper onaji the same onaji yo (na) similar onaka stomach

onaka ga suita hungry onegai shimasu please; thank

you hai, onegai shimasu

yes,

please one-san sister on·gaku music on·gak-ka musician oni-san brother on·na no ko girl onsen hot spring Oranda Holland Oranda (no) Dutch orenji-iro (no) orange origami paper folding orikaeshi denwa shimasu

to ring back orimasu to get out; to get off oroshimasu to let off osake alcoholic drink osaki ni good night; goodbye; see you osenko joss stick oshare (na) trendy, fashionable oshibori moistened hand towel oshikomi-goto burglary oshimasu to push oshire cupboard, closet oshiri hip; bottom Oshogatsu New Year osoi slow; late osoku slowly osoraku probably osoroshi horrible, awful ososhiki funeral osugi too many, too much

platform; track puru swimming pool purat·to-homu

happy birthday! otera Buddhist temple otoko no hito man otoko no ko boy otona adult oto-san father; dad otoshiyori old person ototo brother (one’s own: younger) ototoi the day before yester-

day

raishu next week raishu no ashita a

week

tomorrow raishu no kyo a week today rai-u thunderstorm regyura regular unleaded

petrol rei example reitoshita frozen reizoko fridge rek·kasha breakdown service renji cooker renta-ka rented car; car

rental rentaru (no) to rent, for hire renzu lens; camera lens; con-

P

tact lens holi-

day pan bread panfuret·to brochure panku puncture panti–sutok·kingu tights,

pantyhose pantsu underpants; shorts pan-ya baker’s piru contraceptive pill pop·pusu pop music posuto letterbox, mailbox purasutik·ku plastic

reshito receipt rimujin-basu airport bus rinsu conditioner (for hair) roji lane roku six roka corridor Rokugatsu June roku-ju sixty romendensha tram rop·pyaku six hundred rosenzu network map rosoku candle ryo amount (quantity) ryogae-jo bureau de change ryogae-reto exchange rate

ABCDEFGHIJKLRy

owan bowl owari end owarimasu to finish owarimashita it’s finished oyasuminasai good night oya-yubi thumb oyogimasu to swim

pachinko pinball pak·ku-ryoko package

R

Japanese ➜ English

osugimasu that is too much osuwari kudasai sit down otanjobi omedeto gozaimasu!

201

Japanese ➜ English

ryoho both ryojikan consulate ryokan Japanese traditional

inn ryokin charge; fare; rental ryokinbako fare box ryoko journey sore dewa tanoshi ryoko o!

have a good journey! ryokogaisha travel agent’s ryokokyaku tourist ryokoshimasu to travel ryori food; dish (meal) ryori shimasu to cook ryoshin parents (one’s own) ryukookure (no) unfashion-

able

third floor; three times

ABCDEFGHIJKLRy

S sabisu-ryo service charge sagashimasu to search, to

look for

recent, up-to-date

202

san-shoku-tsuki full board sara plate sarari-man businessman;

salaried worker surface mail, overland mail sato sugar -satsu classifier for books sawagashi loud sayonara goodbye se ga takai tall seifu government seihin product seijo(na) normal seika net price seikaku (na) accurate seikyusho bill, (U S) check; invoice seiri period (menstruation) seiri-yonapukin sanitary napsarubin

sai-aku (no) worst saifu purse; wallet saigai disaster saigo (no) final, last saijitsu public holiday saijokai top floor saikin recently saiko(no) best saishin (no) latest, most saisho (no) first saisho ni at first saishoku-shugisha saizu size sakana fish

sakana-ya fishmonger’s sakasama upside down sakazuki sake cup saki first sakihodo earlier sakura cherry blossom sakura no ki cherry tree -sama Mr; Mrs; Ms; Miss sambashi jetty sam-byaku three hundred samonaito otherwise sampatsu haircut (man’s) samui cold san three -san Mr; Mrs; Ms; Miss San·gatsu March san-ju thirty san-kai second floor, (U S)

vegetarian

flight sewa o shimasu to look after shacho managing director, president (of company) shako garage (for parking) shareta posh sharin wheel shasen lane (on motorway) shashin photo; picture shatsu shirt shawa-tsuki (no) with shower shi death; city; four shiai game, match shibafu lawn shibai play (in theatre) shibutsu belongings shichaku shimasu to try on shichaku-shitsu fitting room shichi seven Shichigatsu July shigai-kyokuban dialling

code, area code Shigatsu April shigoto business; job, work shihainin manager shiharai payment shiharaimasu to pay shihei banknote, (U S) bill shijo market (in business) shiken exam shiki-buton mattress shikiten ceremony shik·ki lacquerware shima island shimarimasu to close

ABCDEFGHIJKLSh

of address for teachers, doctors, dentists etc senshitsu cabin senshu last week senshukara since last week senshuno Kin·yobi last Friday sensu fan sentak-ki washing machine sentaku-mono washing, laundry sentaku-ya laundry (place) sento public baths sen·yono basu-toire private bathroom senzai washing powder serotepu Sellotape®, Scotch tape® ses·shi centigrade seta pullover, sweater setomono china setsubi equipment

setsumei shimasu to explain setsuzoku connection (i n travelling) setsuzokubin connecting

Japanese ➜ English

kins/towels seishiki (na) formal seiyo(no) Occidental sekai world seki seat; cough sek·ken soap semai narrow (street) -semasu to let, to allow sem·mendai washhand basin sempuki fan (electrical) sen thousand; line; plug (i n sink) senaka back (of body) senaka no itami backache senchi centimetre sen·nuki bottle-opener se no hikui short sensei teacher; polite form

203

Japanese ➜ English

to do; to play; to give; to make; to work (as); to taste; to smell; to feel; to sound; to cost shimat·ta closed shimbun newspaper, paper shimbun·ya newsagent’s shimemasu to shut shimet·ta damp shimo frost shimpai worried shimasu

shinai: … shinai ho ga i desu

you shouldn’t ... shincho height shinda dead shindaisha sleeper, sleeping

car

ABCDEFGHIJKLSh

shin·go traffic lights shin·gu bedding (W esternstyle) shin·guru single room shin·guru-bed·do single bed shinimasu to die shinjiran·nai unbelievable shinkansen bullet train shinsen (na) fresh shinsetsu (na) friendly, nice;

kind; generous

person; the disabled

quiet shizuka ni! quiet! shobosho fire brigade shodoku-zai antiseptic shogi Japanese chess shogo midday, noon shohosen prescription shoji sliding door (wooden lattice and paper) shoka-furyo indigestion shokai shimasu to introduce shokaki fire extinguisher shokbutsu plant shokudosha restaurant car, shokuji meal shokuji o shimasu

to have

dinner shok·ki o araimasu

to do the

washing-up to find out; to

check shirafu (no) sober shirimasen I don’t shiro castle shiroi white

204

could you please ...? shi-teki (na) private shitsugyo-chu unemployed shitsumon question shitsurei (na) rude shitsurei shimasu excuse me shit·te imasu to know shiyo-chu engaged, occupied shizen (na) natural; peaceful,

buffet car

shinshifuku-uriba menswear shinshitsu bedroom shintai-shogai-sha disabled shinzo heart shirabemasu

shita downstairs; tongue shita (ni) below shita e ikimasu to go down shite: … shite kuremasen ka?

shok·ki-yosenzai

washing-up

liquid know

shokuryohin food (in shop) shokuryohin-ten food

shop/store signature

shomei

lounge shup·patsu shimasu

to leave,

shuri shimasu to repair shurui type, make, brand

name shut·cho business trip shuten terminus sukoshi a little bit, not

much; little; some sukoshi no a few sukunaku-tomo at least so so so desu that’s right sobi equipment soin monastery sojiki vacuum cleaner soko (de) there soko-kyori-museigen unlim-

ited mileage sokutatsu express (mail) somatsu (na) poor (quality)

not so much son·na ni waruku nai

not so

bad sono the; that (nearby) sono tori desu that’s it sono toki then, at that time so-on noise sora sky sore it; that (nearby); that one (nearby); those; them (objects) sore dake desu that’s all sore de i desu ka? is that

OK? sore desu that one sore wa … des it is ... sore zembu all of it sorekara and then sorera (ga) they (inanimate objects) sorera no their; theirs (inanimate objects) sorera o them (inanimate objects) sorera wa they (inanimate objects) sorezore (no) each, every soridaijin prime minister soryo Buddhist priest soshite and soto ni outside sozai-ya delicatessen sutando lamp suteki (na) lovely sutemasu to throw away subarashi beautiful; excel-

ABCDEFGHIJKLSu

to depart

son·na such; so; like that son·na ni takusan ja naku

Japanese ➜ English

shomeisho certificate shonin witness shorai future shorui document shotai invitation shotai shimasu to invite shotsu pants, panties shu week (this, last, next etc) shujin husband (one’s own) shukai meeting shukan custom; week (one, two, three etc) shukyo religion shumatsu weekend shumi hobby shup·patsu departure shup·patsu-raunji departure

lent, great, wonderful

205

Japanese ➜ English

subete everything subete no every sugu at once, immediately;

soon sugu ni

straightaway; in a

minute -sugimasu too sugoi super, great sugoi! well done! suichu-yokusen hydrofoil suido-ya plumber suijo-ski waterskiing suit·chi switch Suiyobi Wednesday sujitsu mae the other day suki: … ga suki desu ka? do

you like ...? suki desu I like it suki ja arimasen I don’t

ABCDEFGHIJKLSu

sumi corner sumi ni in the corner sumimasen thanks; sorry;

may I? suna sand sunde imasu to live sunika trainers supa supermarket sup·pai sour suwarimasu to sit down suzushi cool

T tabako cigarette tabemasu to eat tabemono food tabitabi (no) frequent

206

like

it

tabun perhaps, maybe tabun chigau desho perhaps

not tada free of charge tadashi correct, right taifu typhoon Taiheiyo Pacific Ocean taikutsu bored taikutsu (na) boring taira (na) flat taisetsu (na) important taishikan embassy taitei most; mostly, most

of the time taitei no most taiyo sun takai high; expensive; tall takasa height take bamboo tak·kyu table tennis tako kite tako-age kite-flying takusan a lot, lots takusan (no) much; many; a lot, lots takusan no … plenty of ..., a lot of ... takushi-noriba taxi rank takushi no unten-shu taxidriver takuwae supply tambo paddy field tameshimasu to try tana shelf tani valley tanjobi birthday tanomimasu to ask tanoshimimasu to enjoy oneself

address

enough tashika certain, sure tashika desu ka? are

you

sure? tashika ni certainly tasukete! help! tatami straw mat tatoeba for example tatoe …-temo even if tazunemasu to visit te hand tebukuro gloves techo notebook; diary tegami letter tegoro (na) reasonable; inex-

pensive

gage left luggage (office), baggage checkroom tenimotsu-uketori-jo baggage claim tenjikan pavilion tenki weather Ten·no-Heika Emperor of Japan tenrankai exhibition tenso-saki forwarding tenimotsu-azukari-jo

Kleenex® with, accompanying; and; door (of house: Japanese-style) -to metropolis to pagoda; ten tobimasu to fly tochaku arrival tochaku shimasu to arrive, to get in todana cupboard toi far toire toilet, rest room tojiki crockery tojikomemasu to lock in tojoken boarding pass toku (no) distant toka tenth tokei clock, watch toki pottery tokidoki sometimes tok·kyu super express train toku ni especially tokonoma alcove tokoro place; someone’s house toko-ya barber’s Tokyowan Tokyo Bay tomarimasu to stop; to stay tomei (no) clear tomemasu to switch off (engine) to

ABCDEFGHIJKLTo

tehai shimasu to arrange teiki-bin scheduled flight teikiken rail pass teinei (na) polite tekubi wrist tencho manager (in shop) te ni iremasu to get, to fetch tenimots baggage; hand lug-

tento tent tep·pen ni at the top terebi television teru-rampu rear lights tetsudaimasu to help tetsudo railway tis·shu (pepa) tissues,

Japanese ➜ English

tansha moped taoru flannel; towel tarimasen there’s not

207

Japanese ➜ English

tomodachi friend ton·neru tunnel toranku boot (of car), (U S)

trunk torena sweatshirt tori bird tori street toridashimasu to get

ing out, to

take out torihiki deal (business) torikaemasu to change, to

replace torikeshimasu to cancel torimasu to take, to accept torokuban·go registration

number, license number toshi age; city; year toshi o tot·ta old (person) totemo quite; very, extreme-

ABCDEFGHIJKLTo

ly; so; a lot totemo oishi

delicious, excel-

lent totsuzen ni suddenly tot·te handle tot·te through tot·te okimasu to keep toyo(no) Oriental, Eastern tozan mountaineering tsugi (no) next sono tsugi no hi the day after tsugono i convenient (time) tsukaeta stuck tsukaimasu to use tsukamaemasu to fetch; to

catch tsukaremashita I’m tired tsukareta tired tsukemasu to switch on (T V, lights)

208

tsuki moon tsukiatari end of a road tsukimasu to arrive tsukurimasu to make tsuma wife (one’s own) tsumaranai dull, uninteresttsumasaki toe tsume nail (finger) tsumetai cold -tsu classifier for letters tsua tour tsuika-ryokin supplement,

extra charge tsuin twin room tsui ni eventually tsuitach first tsuite no about, concerning tsujite imasu to lead tsurete ikimasu to take, to

lead tsurogawa no seki aisle tsuyadashi polish tsuyaku interpreter tsuyu rainy season tsuyoi strong

seat

U ubaguruma buggy uchi home uchimasho deal sore de te o uchimasho

it’s a

deal ude arm udedokei wristwatch ue upstairs; above … no ue ni on top of

...

licence

tell untruth usu-… pale (colour) usui weak; thin; light, pale uta song utaimasu to sing utsukushi beautiful

W wa subject particle wafu Japanese-style wakai young

understand? wakarimasen

I don’t under-

stand wakimichi side street wan bay waraimasu to laugh waribiki discount warikan going Dutch warui bad; ill waruku badly washi paper wasuremasu to forget watakushi (ga) I (pol) watakushi no my; mine (pol) watakushi o me (pol) watakushi wa I (pol) watashi (ga) I watashi mo me too watashi mo so desu so am I,

so do I watashi no my; mine watashi no desu it’s mine watashi o me watashi wa I watashi wa … desu I am watashitachi (ga) we watashitachi no our; ours watashitachi o us watashitachi wa we waza to deliberately winka indicator

ABCDEFGHIJKLYa

unten shimasu to drive untenshu driver un·yoku fortunately ura back ureshi happy, glad uridashi-chu for sale urimasu to sell uru wool urusai noisy urusai! shut up! ushiro ni at the back uso o tsukimasu to lie, to

wakarimasu to understand wakarimasu ka? do you

Japanese ➜ English

ue ni up ugokashimasu to move uketorimasu to accept uketsuke reception desk uketsuke de at reception uketsuke-gakari receptionist uketsukemasu to accept ukezara saucer uma horse umi sea umibe shore un luck untem·menkyosho driving

Y yakan kettle yakedo burn

209

Japanese ➜ English

yakedo shimasu to burn yak·kai-goto trouble yak·kyoku pharmacy yaku ni tatsu helpful; useful yakuso herbs (medicinal) yakyu baseball yama mountain yamagoya cabin (in mountains) yamete kudasai! stop it! yane roof yao-ya greengrocer’s yasai vegetables yasashi easy yaseta thin, skinny yasui cheap, inexpensive;

low

ABCDEFGHIJKLYa 210

yasumi holiday, vacation yat·tsu eight yawarakai soft yoake dawn yofu(no) Western-style yofuku clothes (W estern) yogore dirt yogoreta polluted yoi ga dekita ready yoku often yoka eighth yokat·ta! good! yokubari (na) greedy yok·ka fourth yoku kireru sharp yoko side yoko ni narimasu to lie down yokuso bath, bathtub yom-bun no ichi quarter yomimasu to read yomoku foreign cigarettes yon four yon-hyaku four hundred

yon-ju forty yop·parat·ta drunk yorimasu: bai ni yorimas

it depends yorimo than yoru night yoshi form, document yoshinasai! don’t do that! yotei schedule yot·tsu four yowai weak yoyaku reservation; appointment yoyaku shimasu to book, to reserve yube last night yubi finger yubimban·go postcode, zip code yubin post, mail yubi-nin·gyo puppet yubinkyoku post office yubinkyoku no honkyoku

main post office yubiwa ring (on finger) yudoku (na) poisonous yuen four-star petrol yuenchi fair, funfair yugata evening yuka floor (of room) yukata cotton dressing gown yuki snow yuk·kuri slowly yuko(na) valid (ticket etc) yumei (na) famous yurui loose yushoku evening meal yusoshimasu to post, to mail yut·tari shita comfortable

zabuton floor zan·nen (des)!

ABCDEFGHIJKLZu

cushion what a shame!, it’s a pity! zas·shi magazine zeikan Customs zeitaku (na) luxurious zembu the whole lot, all of them sore zembu all of it zembu de altogether Zen-dera Zen temple zenkai last time zensai starter, appetizer Zen-so Zen priest Zen-tei Zen garden zenzen not in the least zet·tai chigaimasu! certainly not! zo statue zubon trousers, (U S) pants zutsu headache zut·to much, a lot more

Japanese ➜ English

Z

211

Japanese ➜ English Signs and Notices

Japanese ➜ English: Signs and Notices

214

Contents General Signs ....................................................................215 Airport, Planes ..................................................................215 Banks, Money....................................................................216 Bus Travel ..........................................................................216 Countries, Nationalities ....................................................217 Customs ............................................................................218 Days ..................................................................................218 Emergencies ......................................................................218 Entertainment ..................................................................219 Ferry, Boat Services ..........................................................220 Forms ................................................................................220 Garages..............................................................................220 Geographical Terms ..........................................................221 Hairdresser’s, Beauty Salon ................................................221 Health ..............................................................................222 Hiring, Renting ................................................................222 Hotels................................................................................222 Japanese Culture and Festivals............................................223 Lifts (Elevators)..................................................................223 Medicines ..........................................................................224 Months..............................................................................224 Notices on Doors..............................................................224 Phones ..............................................................................225 Place Names......................................................................225 Post Office ........................................................................226 Public Holidays ................................................................226 Restaurants, Cafés and Bars ..............................................227 Road Signs ........................................................................228 Shopping ..........................................................................228 Streets and Roads ..............................................................230 Taxis ..................................................................................230 Timetables ........................................................................231 Toilets................................................................................231 Train Types ........................................................................231 Train and Underground Travel ..........................................232 Youth Hostels ....................................................................233

gh

!" otona adult #$ kodomo child %& kiken danger '() nomimizu drinking

ijk ikisaki destination lmnop … iki bound

water

*+,-./ 23456789: ;?@ABC

tachiirikinshi keep out DEF kinryoku no fishing GH kin·en no smoking IJ kosho out of order KL gomi litter MNOPQR gomi steruna no litter STUV odanhodo

pedestrian crossing WXY shizukani quiet, please

Airport, Planes Z[ kuko airport \]^_ kuko-basu airport bus

for …

qr keiyu via stu tojoguchi boarding gate

… okotowari … forbidden 01 an·nai information

hairanaide kudasai keep

shup·patsu

departure(s)

`ab kokubin flight cd bim·mei flight number ef tochaku arrival(s)

vwx tojoken boarding pass yz{ geto gate |} higashi-guchi east exit (or entrance)

~¡

kita-guchi north

exit

(or entrance)

¢£

minami-guchi south exit (or entrance) ¤¥ nishi-guchi west exit (or entrance) ¦§ koku airline ¨©ª kokuken airline ticket «¬­ Zen-Nik·ku All Nippon Airways

!"#

Japanese ➜ English: Signs and Notices

General Signs

kokunai-sen

domestic airlines

$%&

kokusai-sen

international airlines

'()*

Nihon-Koku

Japan Airlines +, yoyaku reservations -. an·nai information

/01

an·nai-gakari

information desk

234567 tenimotsu-uketori-jo baggage

claim

215

Japanese ➜ English: Signs and Notices

89:;?@

menzei-ten duty-

free shop

Banks, Money AB ginko bank CDEFGHIJ gaikoku-kawase-konin-ginko

authorized foreign exchange bank KLM ryogaejo bureau de change, foreign exchange

NOPQ

gaikoku-kawase

foreign exchange

RS madoguchi counter TUVWX kawase-reto exchange rate YZ furikae transfer

[\]^

kawase-tegata

banker’s draft

_`abcdefg h traberazu-chek·ku traveller’s cheque

ijklmnop kurejit·to-kado credit card kado-ka credit

qrst

cards accepted

uvwx

kozaban·go

account number yz koza bank account {| ryokin fee }~ yuryo fee charged

216

¡¢ muryo no charge £¤¥ shohi-zei VAT, (US) consumption tax

¦ en yen § yen ¨© doru dollar ª«¬ pondo pound sterling

Bus Travel ­® basu bus ¯°±²³´ basu-senta bus

station

!"# basu-tei bus stop $%&'( basu-noriba bus boarding point

)*+,-./ basu-taminaru bus terminal … iki bound

01234 for …

567

shi-basu municipal

bus

89:;

toei-basu

municipal bus (in Tokyo)

?@

kip·pu-uriba

ticket office

AB kip·pu ticket CDE kaisuken book of tickets

FGH

unchin-hyo table

of

fares

IJ yuko valid KLMNOPQ

josha wa mae tobira kara enter at

kosha

wa ushiro tobira kara exit

at

rear door

YZ[ unchim-bako fare box \]^ ryokin-bako fare box _` kaiso out of service abcd tsugi-wa-teisha stopping at the next stop seisanjo excess fare office

efg

Countries, Nationalities hijk

¯°±²

Fransu France;

French

³ Futsu France; French ´µ¶ Doitsu Germany; German

¸ Doku Germany; German ¹º» Indo India; Indian ¼½¾¿ Itaria Italy; Italian

! Nichi Japan; Japanese "# Nihon Japan; Japanese $%&'( Mareshia Malaysia; Malay

)*+,-./0 Amerika

Nyu-Jirando New Zealand Kita-Chosen North

America;American

123

Osutoraria Australia;

45678

lmnopqr Australian s Ei Britain; British; England; English tu Eikoku Britain; British; England; English vwx Kanada Canada; Canadian yz Chugoku China; Chinese

{|}~¡

Dem·maku

Denmark; Danish

¢£¤¥

Oranda

Holland; Dutch

¦§¨©

Yorop·pa

Europe; European

Igirisu England; English; Britain; British

Japanese ➜ English: Signs and Notices

ª«¬­®

front door

RSTUVWX

Korea; North Korean Norue

Norway; Norwegian 9:;< …-jin person

=>?@A

Firipin

Philippines; Filipina BCD Roshia Russia; Russian EF Kankoku South Korea; South Korean GHIJ Spein Spain; Spanish

KLMNOP

Sueden

Sweden; Swedish Q Bei USA RS Beikoku USA

217

Japanese ➜ English: Signs and Notices

Thursday

Customs TU zeikan Customs VWXY zeikan-shinsa

Kin·yobi Friday Doyobi Saturday Nichiyobi Sunday

Customs check

Z[\]^

zeikan-kokuchi-sho Customs

declaration form

_`abcd

zeikan-

shinkoku-yoshi Customs

declaration form shuk·koku departure from a country gh nyukoku entry into a country

ef

ijklm

nyukoku-kado entry

nopq

card,

nyukoku-shinsa

entry examination

rst gaikoku-jin foreigners

uvwxy shutsunyukoku-kanri

immigration

z{|

Nihon-jin Japanese

nationals

}~

ken·eki quarantine

!"#

kyukyu-sha

ambulance 119 ' hyaku-ju-kyu-ban ambulance; fire brigade () byoin hospital

*+,-

kyukyu-byoin

emergency hospital

./012

okyu-teate

345

kyukyu-bako first-

aid box

6789:

kyukyu-set·to

first-aid kit, emergency kit 110 > hyaku-to-ban police ?@ keisats police

ABCDE

kasai-hochiki

fire alarm

FGH

shobosho fire

brigade

IJK

shokaki fire

extinguisher

LMN

hinan·guchi

emergency exit

Days ¡¢£ ¤¥¦ §¨© ª«¬

Emergencies

first aid

landing card

218

­®¯ °±² ³´µ

OPQ Getsuyobi Monday Kayobi Tuesday Suiyobi Wednesday Moku·yobi

hijoguchi

emergency exit RS kosho breakdown

TUVWXY

hijoyobidashi emergency call

hijo-denwa

emergency telephone

Entertainment ^_`

eigakan cinema,

movie theater

ab eiga film, movie cdef seijin-eiga adult film

ghijklm animeshon cartoon

no yoga Western film pq jimaku subtitles rstuvw rodosho special release

xyz

joei-chu now

showing

{|}~

kaijo-jikan

opening time

¡¢£

booking

¤¥ gekijo theatre ¦§ kip·pu ticket ¨©ª« kip·pu-uriba ticket office, box office ¬ seki seat ­® zaseki seat zaseki-ban·go

seat number

³´µ

shitei-ken reserved

seat ticket



%$manseki all

Teikoku-Gekijo

Imperial Theatre

0123

Kabuki-za

kabuki theatre

4567

Kokuritsu-Gekijo

National Theatre 89 Bunraku traditional puppet theatre : N o Noh play ?@ Kabuki traditional drama from the Edo period ABCD disuko disco

EFGHIJ KLMNOP

hosutesu-ba hostess bar karaoke karaoke

QRST bar

UVWXYZ okotowari minors

miseinen-

not

admitted

[\]^_`ab miseinensha-nyujo-muko

minors not admitted

shiteiseki reserved

seat

!"#

play or film

,-./

naito-kurabu nightclub

maeuri-ken advance

¯°±²

&' man·in full ( geki play, drama )*+ jidai-geki historical

Japanese ➜ English: Signs and Notices

Z[\]

seats taken

cdef pachinko pinball ghijklm gemusenta amusement

arcade

nopqrstuv takis·shu basu Turkish

bath

219

Japanese ➜ English: Signs and Notices

5678

Ferry, Boat Services wxyz{

9:;?@

kyumei-boto

lifeboat

|}~¡

feri ferry; ferry

service

¢£¤¥¦§¨

hobakurafuto hovercraft ©ª«¬ suichu-yokusen

hydrofoil

gaikokujin-toroku-shomeisho foreign

resident’s ID card, alien registration card

ABCDE

mibun-shomeisho ID card shup·patsuyoteibi intended date of

FGHIJ departure

Forms

KLMN

­® yoshi form ¯°±²³ anketo

OP hakusu length of visit QRST

questionnaire

gokinyu kudasai write in ÂÃ shimei full name ÄÅÆ onamae name ÇÈ jusho address ÉÊËÌ taizaijusho

ink

address during stay

!"#

renrakusaki contact

address

$% nenrei age &'() seinen-gap·pi date of birth

*+ kokuseki nationality ,- shokugyo occupation ./01234 pasupoto-ban·go passport

number

taizai-nis·su

length of stay

´µ¶¸¹º»¼½ ¾¿ÀÁ borupen de

220

ryoken-ban·go

passport number

honichi-mokuteki purpose

of

visit

UVW XYZ

go-shome signature sain signature

Garages [\]^_`ab gasorin-sutando petrol station, (US) gas station cdef gasorin petrol, (US) gas gh sekiyu petrol, (US) gas ij keiyu diesel klmn hai-oku high octane opqr supa super, premium

stuvw

regyura

seibi-kojo auto

repairs

¦§ sensha car wash ¨© ryokin fee, charge ª« yuryo fee, charge ¬­®¯ muryotenken free inspection

°± muryo no charge ²³´µ¶¸ tenkensabisu service

¹º»¼½¾¿ chek·ku tyre

taiya-

check, (US) tire

check

À mizu water ÁÂ eya air

Geographical Terms ! misaki cape, promontory " kuni country # mori forest $% onsen hot spring & shima island ' mizumi lake () chizu map * yama mountain +, sam·myaku mountain range

-. hanto peninsula / kawa river

0 umi sea 12 chojo summit 3 tani valley 45 kazan volcano 6 taki waterfall 7 shi town, city 8 mura village 9 ken prefecture : higashi east ; kita north minami south ? nishi west @A Kansai Kansai Region (Osaka etc)

BC

Kanto Kanto

Region

(Tokyo etc)

Japanese ➜ English: Signs and Notices

regular unleaded

xyz oiru oil {| toyu paraffin, kerosene }~¡¢£¤¥ jidosha-

Hairdresser’s, Beauty Salon DEF

biyoin hairdresser’s,

beauty salon

GH tokoya barber’s shop IJK rihatsu·ten barber’s shop

LMNOPQRST byuti-saron beauty

UVWXYZ

salon buro-dorai

blow dry

[\] kat·to cut ^_ chohatsu cut !"#$%& heya-sutairu hairstyle

221

Japanese ➜ English: Signs and Notices

'()*+ heya-set·to set ,-./0123 shampu-set-to shampoo

and

set

45 sempatsu wash 6789: manikyua manicure

;?

mas·saji

massage

kashibeya room

to let

rstu

jikan-gashi

hourly rental

vw atama-kin deposit xyz tetsukekin deposit {|}~ kyori-barai payment by distance

¡¢£¤

jikan-barai

payment by the hour

¥¦§¨©ª«¬

Health @A isha doctor BCD haisha dentist EF in (small) hospital GH byoin hospital IJK shinryojo clinic LMN hokenjo public health centre

OP shinryo consultation QRST shinryo-jikan consultation hours

Hiring, Renting UVWXY

kashi-…

… hire, … rental

Z[\]^

kashi-jitensha

bicycle hire

_`abc

kashi-jidosha

car rental

ijklm rental

rentaru-sabisu rental service ni-di-ke two rooms

­®¯

and dining kitchen

Hotels °±² hoteru hotel ³´ minshuku guesthouse µ¶¸¹º»¼ bijinesu-hoteru business

hotel

½¾¿ÀÁÂà kapuseru- hoteru capsule

hotel

ÄÅ ryokan traditional inn !"# kaikei-gakari cashier $%&' furonto reception

kashi-boto

boat hire

defgh

222

nopq

() uketsuke reception *+, robi lobby -./01234567 Nihon-Kotsu-Kosha Japan

rentaka car

Travel Bureau 89 dantai group

yoyaku reservations heya room washitsu Japanese-

style room

@A

yoshitsu Western-style

room

BC reibo air-conditioning DEF ofuro bath GHIJKLMN dainingu-rumu dining

room

OP shokudo dining room QRS inryosui drinking water

TUV

nomimizu drinking

water

WXYZ[\

kuriningu

dry-cleaning

]^ dambo heating _` onsen hot spring abcd raunji lounge efghijk rumu-sabisu room

service

lm denwa telephone nopqr jido-hambaiki vending machine

xy

sumo traditional Japanese wrestling z{ Shogatsu New Year |} Setsubun BeanThrowing Festival (3 February) ~¡ Hina-matsuri Girls’ Festival, Doll Festival (3 March) ¢£ Hanami Cherry Blossom Viewing

¤¥

Hana-matsuri

Buddha’s Birthday (8 April) ¦§ Tanabata Star Festival (7 July) ¨© Obon Bon Festival, Buddhist festival celebrated in summer

!"#

Japanese ➜ English: Signs and Notices

:; ?

Shichigosan

Festival for 3, 5 and 7 year olds (15 November)

$%&'(

Kurisumasu

Christmas

)*+

bijutsukan art

gallery

,-. hakbutsukan museum

Japanese Culture and Festivals (see also

/0 onsen hot spring 123 ofuro public bath

Public Holidays)

Lifts (Elevators)

st jin temple u tera temple vw jinja shrine

456789

erebeta

lift, elevator : …-kai floor, storey

223

Japanese ➜ English: Signs and Notices

;< =>

chikai basement ik·kai ground floor,

(US) first floor ?@ ni·kai first floor, (US) second floor AB te·in capacity CD man·in full E hei close F kai open G ue up H shita down

IJKL

hijoteishi

emergency stop

MNOP

hijodenwa

emergency telephone kosho out of order

QR

Medicines STUVWX ichinichi …jo …

tablets a day

YZ[\]^

ichinichi …-kai …

times a

day

_` shokugo after meals abc shushinzen before

aspirin

vwx

chintsu-zai

painkiller

yz{|}~¡¢ hi-pirin-kei-chintsu-zai

paracetamol

!"#$%&' sekidome-dorop·pu throat

lozenges

Months () Ichigatsu January *+ Nigatsu February ,- San·gatsu March ./ Shigatsu April 01 Gogatsu May 23 Rokgatsu June 45 Shichigatsu July 67 Hachigatsu August 89 Kugatsu September :; Jugatsu October Juichigatsu November

?@A

Junigatsu

December

going to bed

de shokuzen before meals fg shok·kan between meals hijk fuku·yohoho directions for oral use lm tekiryo dosage n saji spoonful(s) op jozai tablets

qrstu 224

asupirin

Notices on Doors BC iriguchi entrance, way in DE deguchi exit, way out FGHI jido-doa automatic door hiku pull osu push

JK LM

business

]^_`

nenju-mukyu

teikyubi closed

fghij

Getsu-yo-

on Mondays nichi-saijitsu-

yasumi closed

on Sundays and National Holidays

klmn

honjitsu-kyugyo

closed today

opq

teikyubi closed

for

holidays

rstu

hijoguchi

ÌÍÎÏÐÑÒ

terehon-kado phonecard

ÓÔÕ denwadai call charge Ö×Ø tsuwaryo call charge ÙÚÛ kokanshu operator ÜÝÞ denwacho directory ßà naisen extension áâãä denwaban·go

hinan·guchi kaiho-genkin

keep closed

¢£¤¥¦ okotowari no

åæçè

kokusai-denwa

éêëì

shinai-denwa

local call

emergency exit

|}~¡

denwa-bok·ksu phone booth KokusaiDenshin-Denwa Overseas

ÆÇÈÉÊË

international call

emergency exit

yz{

public phone

ÀÁÂÃÄÅ

phone number

hijodeguchi

emergency exit

vwx

º» denwa phone ¼½¾¿ koshudenwa

Telecommunications Service

open all year round

abcde

Phones

Japanese ➜ English: Signs and Notices

NOP eigyochu open QR hiraku to open S kai open T hei closed UVW tojiru to close, to shut XY kyujitsu closed Z[\ eigyochu open for

!"#

%$chokyoridenwa long-distance call &'() shigai-denwa

out-of-town call

nyujo

admittance

§¨©ª«¬­®¯ °±² kankeisha igai no tachiiri kinshi no

admittance for unauthorized personnel

³´µ¶¸¹ tachiiri-kinshi no

entry

*+,-.

fak·kusu fax;

fax machine

Place Names /0 Hakone 12 Hiroshima 345 Hok·kaido 225

Japanese ➜ English: Signs and Notices

67 Honshu 89 Ise :; Kamakura ? Kyoto @A Kyushu BC Nagasaki DEF Nagoya GH Nara IJ Nik·ko KL Osaka MN Shikoku OP Tokyo QR Yokohama

printed matter tomeoki poste restante, general delivery wx kawase money order yz chiho out of town

uv

{|}~

gaikoku-muke

overseas mail

¡¢£

tokunai to

other

parts of Toyko

¤¥¦

tafuken to

other

prefectures

Post Office STU yubinkyoku post office yubinkyoku no maku

symbol for Japanese post office VW madoguchi counter XY kit·te stamp Z[ tegami letter \] kozutsumi parcel, package

^_`a

koku-shokan

aerogramme

bcd kokubin airmail ef sokutatsu express mail gh kakitome registered mail

ij funabin sea mail klm sarubin surface 226

mail, overland mail

no jusho address pq atena addressee rst insatsubutsu

Public Holidays §¨

shukujitsu public

holiday

©ª Ganjitsu New Year’s Day

«¬­®

Sejin-no-hi

Coming-of-Age Day (2nd Monday in January)

¯°±²³

kenkokukinem·bi National Foundation Day (11 February) ´µ¶¸ shum-bun·no-hi

Vernal Equinox

¹º»¼½

midori-no-hi

The Greenery Day (29 April)

¾¿ÀÁÂ

kempokinem·bi Constitution

Day (3 May)

kodomo-no-hi

Boys’ Festival, Children’s Day (5 May) %&' Sea Day (20 July)

()*+

keiro-no-hi

Respect the Aged Day (15 September)

,-./

shubun·no-hi

Autumnal Equinox

0123

tai·iku-no-hi

Sports Day (2nd Monday in October)

4567

bunka-no-hi

Culture Day (3 November)

89:;?@AB Ten·no-tanjobi The Emperor’s Birthday (23 December)

Restaurants, Cafés and Bars CD shokudo restaurant EFG ryori-ya restaurant HIJKL restoran restaurant

MN

kap·po upmarket

restaurant

OP

ryotei upmarket

restaurant

QR

washoku Japanese

restaurant

STUV

chuka-ryori

Chinese restaurant WXY tempura restaurant specializing in deep-fried food Z[\] koryori-ya small restaurant usually serving local dishes ^_ meshi-ya small local restaurant `ab sushi-dokoro sushi restaurant

cdefg shojin-ryori-ya vegetarian restaurant

hij

shokji-dokoro very small local restaurant klm eigyo-chu meals being served no teishoku set meal pq soba noodles rstu ramen Chinese noodles vwx okaikei cashier yz{ kis·saten coffee shop

|}~¡

Japanese ➜ English: Signs and Notices

!"#$

keishoku-kis·sa

coffee shop serving light meals ¢£ keishoku snackbar

¤¥¦§

snak·ku

snackbar

¨©ª«¬­

snak·kuba

snackbar

®¯ ba bar °±² izaka-ya bar, serving local cuisine

227

Japanese ➜ English: Signs and Notices

³´µ

nomi-ya bar, serving food, often from a mobile stall

mawari-michi

diversion, detour

*+,-

kosokudoro

expressway

Road Signs

./

¶¸¹º

0123

sasetsu-kinshi

»¼½¾

usetsu-kinshi no

right turn

¿ÀÁÂ

teisha-kinshi no

stopping

ÃÄÅÆ

tsuko-kinshi no

through traffic

ÇÈÉÊ

tsuko-dome no

through traffic

ËÌÍÎÏÐÑÒ spido o otose reduce speed saiko-sokudo

maximum speed

×ØÙÚ

dorokoji road

under construction

ÛÜÝ koji-chu road works Þßàá kyukabu sharp bend

âã joko slow äåæç it·tan-teishi stop èéêë it·tan-teisha stop ìíî tomare stop ïðñòóôõö kono saki hyaku-metoru 100

metres ahead jiko accident chui caution kiken danger

!" #$ %&

kokudo national motorway/highway yuryodoro toll

road

no left turn

ÓÔÕÖ

228

'()

45 ryokin fee 67 yuryo fee charged 89 muryo no charge :;< kosaten junction, intersection

=>

honsen lane for through traffic ?@ fumikiri level crossing, railroad crossing ABC chushajo car park, parking lot

DEFGH

hijochusha-tai emergency

parking area

IJKLM

ichiji-azukari

short-term parking

NOPQ

chusha-kinshi

no parking

RS

mansha car park/ parking lot full

Shopping TUVW

…-ya

… shop/store

XYZ[

…-ten

… shop/store

antique shop, curiosity shop

ghijklm

odio-

seihin audio and hi-fi equipment nop pan-ya baker’s qr hon-ya bookshop, bookstore st shoten bookshop, bookstore uv niku-ya butcher’s wxyz keki-ya cake shop

{|}~

kamera-ya

camera shop

¡¢£¤¥¦§ kodomofuku(-uriba)

children’s wear ¨© toki china

ª«¬­

setomono-ya

china shop

®¯° kis·saten coffee shop ±²³´ okashi-ya confectioner’s, candy store µ¶¸ keshohin cosmetics

¹º»¼

depato

department store

½¾¿ÀÁÂà kuriningu-ten dry cleaner’s denki-seihin

ÄÅÆÇ

electrical goods

ÈÉÊ

denki-ya electrical

goods shop

ËÌ sakana-ya fishmonger ÍÎ hana-ya florist ÏÐ shokuhin food ÑÒÓ kudamono-ya fruit shop

ÔÕÖ yao-ya greengrocer’s ×ØÙÚ shokuryohin-ten grocer’s

ÛÜÝ

kanamono-ya

hardware store Þß kimono kimonos àá baiten kiosk

âãäå

daidokoro-yohin

kitchen goods

æçèéêëì

fujinfuku(-uriba) ladies’ wear

department

Japanese ➜ English: Signs and Notices

\] reji cash desk, cashier ^_ kaikei cashier `ab okanjo pay here cdef kot·tohin-ten

!"#$%&'( koin-randori launderette,

laundromat

)* ichiba market +,-./01 shinshifuku(-uriba) menswear

department

23

saka-ya off-licence,

liquor store

456789 megane(-ten) optician

:; kosui perfumery ? yak·kyoku pharmacy @AB shashin-ya photography shop

CDEFG

rekodo-ten

record shop, music store

229

Japanese ➜ English: Signs and Notices

HIJ

furuhon-ya secondhand bookshop/bookstore KL kutsu-ya shoe shop

MNO

miyage-ten

souvenir shop

PQRSTUV spotsu-yohin-ten sports

summer presents

ÈÉÊËÌÍÎ esukareta escalator

ÏÐÑÒ …-kai floor ÓÔ okjo roof

shop

WXYZ

bumbogu-ya

stationery shop

[\]^ supa supermarket _`abcd omochauriba toy

department

efghi

omocha-ya

toy shop

jklmn travel agency shitagi-uriba

underwear department

wxyz{|}~¡ ¢£¤ ote o furenaide kudasai please do not touch ¥¦§¨ bagen bargains ©ª«¬­ ouridashi

bargains, sale

¸¹º»

ÝÞßà

kosoku-doro

motorway, highway

áâãäå

oikoshi-sen

lane for overtaking æç hiroba square

Taxis èéêë takushi taxi ìíîïðñ kojinòóôõö÷ takushi-noriba taxi

now on

tokubetsu-kakaku special

price

ÕÖ rosen lane ×Ø doro road ÙÚÛÜ kansen-doro

takushi mini-cab

®¯° seru sale ±²³´µ¶ seru-jis·shi-chu sale

Streets and Roads

arterial road, trunk road

ryokodairi-ten travel agency opqr ryokogaisha

stuv

¼½¾ oseibo year-end gifts ¿ÀÁÂÃÄ saimatsu230

uridashi year-end sale ochugen mid-

ÅÆÇ

rank

øù kusha for hire, free !"#$%& ryokin-meta fare

meter

'()*+,-. yakan-warimashi-ryokin late-

night fare

automatic door

Timetables 567

jikokhyo timetable,

schedule

89 tochak arrival :; shup·pats departure ? homen direction @AB ikisaki destination CD noriba boarding platform/track

EFGHI for …

Toilets koshu benjo

public toilet

TUV

keshoshits toilet,

rest room

WXYZ

nop

shiyo-chu

occupied, engaged q aki vacant

Train Types rs densha train tu res·sha train vwx shinkansen bullet train

… iki bound

JK keiyu via LMNO … sen … line

PQRS

toilet, men’s room fujin-yo ladies’ toilet, ladies’ room l otoko men m onna women

ijk

otearai toilet(s),

rest room(s)

[\] toire toilet, rest room ^_ benjo toilet, rest room `ab danshi-yo gents’

yz kyuko express {|} hikari fastest bullet

Japanese ➜ English: Signs and Notices

/0 kaiso out of service 1234 jido-doa

train

~¡

futsu local slow train stopping at all stations ¢£ junkyu semi-express ¤¥¦ kodama slower bullet train

§¨©ª

tokbets-kyuko

super express with limited stops only «¬ tok·kyu super express with limited stops only

­®¯°±

gurin-sha

green car (first class)

toilet, men’s room joshi-yo ladies’ toilet, ladies’ room fgh shinshi-yo gents’

cde

231

Japanese ➜ English: Signs and Notices

Train and Underground Travel

)* kodomo child +, dantai group -. kojin individual /01 kaisats-guchi ticket

²³ tetsdo railway, railroad ´µ shitets private railway ¶ eki station ¸¹º» …-ken … ticket ¼½ kip·p ticket ¾¿À kaisuken book of

234

tickets

ÁÂÃ

teiki-ken season

ticket

ÄÅÆ

maeuri-ken advance

sale tickets

ÇÈ yoyak reservations ÉÊËÌÍÎ shiteiseki (-ken) reserved seat (ticket) jiyuseki unreserved

ÏÐÑ seat

ÒÓÔÕ kip·p-uriba ticket office; ticket vending machine madoguchi ticket window

Ö×

ØÙÚ

shus·sats-guchi

ticket window

ÛÜÝÞßà

midori no madoguchi first-class ticket

window

!"#

ryokinhyo table

of

unchinhyo table

of

charges

$%& fares

'( 232

otona adult

barrier

nyujoken platform

ticket

567

hom platform, (US)

track

89:;<

…-bansen

platform …, (US) track … => zaseki seat ? seki seat @A yuko valid BC muko not valid

DEFGHIJK

…-en-kukan-yuki for destinations within the …yen zone (eg 200-yen zone)

LMNOPQ

gesha-

zento-muko after

alighting, not valid for further travel

RSTUVWXY

hatsbai-tojits-kagiri-yuko

valid only on day of purchase Z[\ seisanjo excess fare office ]^ tochak arrival(s) _` has·sha departure(s) ab shup·pats departure(s)

cdefg

norikae-guchi

this way for changing trains hi shasho conductor

jklmn

…-go-sha

shokdo-sha dining

car

rs man·in full tu kaiso out of service vw nimots luggage, baggage xyz{|}~ koinrok·ka coin-operated

¡¢£¤¥¦

locker

luggage office, baggage checkroom ishitsbuts-

toriatskai-jo lost

property office, lost and found

­®¯°

owasure-mono

lost property, lost and found

±²³

ÊËÌÍÎÏÐ yus-hosteru youth

machiai-shits

hostel

ÑÒ daidokoro kitchen ÓÔÕÖ kit·chin kitchen ×ØÙÚÛÜÝÞ koin-randori launderette,

laundromat

ichiji-azkari-jo left

§¨©ª«¬

Youth Hostels

ßà baiten shop áâãä shawa shower

Japanese ➜ English: Signs and Notices

carriage …

opq

waiting room ´µ chizu map

¶¸¹º hidarigawa-tsuko keep to the left

»¼½¾

migigawa-tsuko

keep to the right

¿À

higashi-guchi east

exit

(or entrance)

ÁÂ

kita-guchi north

exit

(or entrance)

ÃÄ

minami-guchi south exit (or entrance) ÅÆ nishi-guchi west exit (or entrance)

ÇÈÉ

chikatets

underground, (US) subway

233

Menu Reader: Food

ABCDEFGHIJKL

Essential Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238 Basic Foods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239 Basic Preparation and Cooking Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239 Basic Set Meals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239 Bean Curd Dishes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239 Beef and Beef Dishes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240 Biscuits, Cakes, Crackers and Sweets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240 Chicken, Poultry etc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241 Chinese Food . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241 Condiments, Herbs, Spices and Pickles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242 Desserts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242 Eggs and Egg Dishes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243 Fish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244 Fish Dishes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245 Fruit, Nuts and Seeds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246 Lunch Boxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246 Meat and Meat Dishes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246 Menu Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247 Noodles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247 Pork and Pork Dishes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249 Rice and Rice Dishes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249 Salads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250 Snacks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250 Soups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250 Starters and Appetizers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251 Sushi Dishes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251 Vegetables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252

Menu Reader: Food

Contents

237

Menu Reader: Food

Essential Terms bowl chawan !" chopsticks hashi #$ cup kap·p %&' dessert dezato ()*+ fork fok ,-./ fried rice chahan 01234 glass kop·p 567 knife naif 89: menu menyu ; noodles menrui ?@A plate sara BC rice (boiled) gohan DEF soup sup GHI soy sauce shoyu JKLM spoon spun NOPQ table teburu RSTU excuse me!

chot·to sumimasen!

VWXYZ[\]^_ could I have the bill, please?

okanjo o onegai shimas

`abcdefghi

238

Basic Set Meals

jk pan bread lmn bata butter op miso fermented

12

soybean paste

qrstu

kechap·pu

ketchup

v abura oil wxyz kosho pepper {| shio salt }~¡¢ shoyu soy sauce £¤¥ sato sugar

teishoku set meal with rice, soup, pickles and main dish of meat or fish

34567 teishoku set

higawari-

meal of the day

89:;?@AB

unagi-

teishoku set

meal with eel

teishoku set

meal with fried

CDEF

yakizakana-

fish

Basic Preparation and Cooking Methods

GHIJ

¦§¨©ª«¬­

KLMNOP

yakiniku-

teishoku set

meal with grilled meat tonkatsu-

teishoku set

meal with pork

teishoku set

meal with raw

QRST

sashimi-

fish

ABCDEFGHIJKL

babekyu shita barbecued ®¯° yudeta boiled ±²³´µ donabe de nita casseroled ¶¸ nita cooked ¹º» ageta deep-fried ¼½¾ hoshita dried ¿ÀÁ yaita grilled ÂÃÄ tsuketa pickled ÅÆÇÈÉÊ rosto shita roast !"# mushita steamed $%&' nikonda stewed ()* itameta stir-fried

tempura-

teishoku set

Menu Reader: Food

Basic Foods

Bean Curd Dishes UV tofu bean curd WXY abura-age deepfried bean curd dengaku grilled bean curd on a wooden skewer

Z[

+,-./0

tsumemono shita stuffed

239

Menu Reader: Food

Beef and Beef Dishes \] gyuniku beef ^_` bifu beef abcd sukiyaki beef and vegetables cooked with soy sauce in a pot at the table

efgh

tep·pan·yaki

beef and vegetables grilled at the table

ijklmno gyushogayaki beef

cooked in soy sauce with ginger

pqrst

gyuteriyaki

beef cooked in soy sauce and sake uvwx bifuteki beef steak yz yakiniku fried beef marinated in soy sauce

{|}~¡¢£ bifu roast

rosto-

beef

¤¥¦§¨ saroin sirloin ©ª«¬­® shabushabu sliced beef with vegetables boiled at the table ¯°±² steki steak

Biscuits, Cakes, Crackers and Sweets ³´µ¶¸

bisuket·to

biscuits, cookies

¹º»¼

kuk·ki biscuits,

cookies

½¾¿ keki cake ÀÁÂà wata-ame candy floss, cotton candy

ÄÅÆÇÈÉ

chizu-keki

cheesecake

!"#$%&

chokoreto

chocolate

'()

okashi

confectionery

*+,-./0 shukurimu cream puff donat·tsu

12345 doughnut

6789 ekurea éclair :;< wagashi Japanesestyle confectionery okoshi popped rice confectionery @ABC zenzai rice cake with sweet bean sauce DE mochi rice cakes

=>?

FGHIJ

shio-sembei

rice crackers flavoured with salt KLMN sembei rice crackers flavoured with soy

240

manju rice-

shchimencho

turkey

flour cakes with sweet bean paste TUVW yokan soft, sweet bean paste

Chinese Food

shoto-

Chinese-style cuisine

XYZ[\]^ keki sponge

cake with fresh cream and strawberries _`ab kasutera sponge cake cdef oshiruko sweet bean soup with rice cake

ghij

kuzumochi

Chicken, Poultry etc no toriniku chicken pqr tori-ryori poultry dishes

stuv

barbecued chicken on a skewer wxy sasami breast z{|} gacho goose ~¡ kiji pheasant ¢£¤ uzura quail chikin roast

chicken

³´µ¶

mabodofu bean curd in spicy sauce ¸¹º kanitama crab omelette »¼½¾ kara-age deepfried pieces of pork or chicken ¿ÀÁ harumaki deepfried spring rolls ÃÄÅÆ gyoza fried dumplings stuffed with minced pork ÇÈÉ hap·posai fried pork with vegetables !"#$% chahan fried rice

&'()

yasai-itame

fried vegetables

*+,

nikudango

meatballs

yakitori

¥¦§¨©ª«

Chuka-ryori

ABCDEFGHIJKL

triangles of arrowroot jelly in brown sugar syrup klm monaka wafers filled with sweet bean paste

¯°±²

Menu Reader: Food

¬­®

sauce

OPQRS

rosto-

-./0

yakisoba

noodles fried in a wok 1234 ramen noodles in bouillon

56789:;< chashumen noodles in bouillon with slices of pork

241

Menu Reader: Food

=>?@AB

miso-

ramen noodles

in bouillon with fermented soybean paste CDEF tam·men noodles in bouillon with vegetables

GHIJKL

wantam·men pork dumplings, served in bouillon with noodles

MNOPQ

rstuvw dores·shingu salad

tonkatsu-sosu thick

-./0

taku·an yellow

radish pickles

Desserts 1234 dezato desserts 56789: ap·purupai apple

Condiments, Herbs, Spices and Pickles

pie

;?@ABC DEFG chokoreto-aisukurimu chocolate

ice cream

HIJKLMNOP chokoreto-musu chocolate

umeboshi dried,

pickled sour Japanese plums XY nat·to fermented soybeans Z[\] shoga ginger ^_` mitsuba Japanese coriander ab shiso Japanese basil

cdefg mayonnaise

mayonezu

hij karashi mustard klm paseri parsley nopq kosho pepper 242

sweet

fruity sauce , su vinegar

shumai

steamed pork meatballs in thin pastry RST subuta sweet and sour pork

UVW

dressing

xy shio salt !"#$ shoyu soy sauce %&'()*+

mousse

QRSTUVWXY Z chokoreto-sande chocolate sundae

[\]^_`a

kohizeri coffee-flavoured jelly bcde kurepu crepe fgh uji-gori crushed ice

with green tea syrup

ijkl

uji-kintoki

crushed ice with green tea syrup and sweet bean paste

mnop

kori-remon

crushed ice with lemon

kurimu strawberry

kori-meron

crushed ice with melon syrup

uvwx

kori-ichigo

crushed ice with strawberry syrup

yz{|

crushed ice with sweet bean paste

sarada fruit

frutsu-

¦§¨©ª«¬

frutsu-

jelly

­®¯°

mitsumame

am·mitsu

gelatin cubes with sweet bean paste and pieces of fruit

µ¶¸¹º»¼

aisukurimu ice cream ½¾¿ zeri jelly ÀÁÂÃÄ remon-pai

lemon pie

ÅÆÇÈÉÊ sufure lemon

remon-

soufflé

ËÌÍ musu mousse ÎÏÐÑÒÓ shabet·to sorbet

yoguruto

yoghurt

!"#$%&'() *+,- storoberi-aisu-

Eggs and Egg Dishes J tamago egg KLM kanitama crab omelette

NOPQR

medama-yaki

fried egg

STUVW

yude-tamago

hard-boiled egg

XYZ[

omuretsu

omelette

\]^_`

ABCDEFGHIJKL

gelatin cubes and sweet bean paste with pieces of fruit

±²³´

vanilla ice cream

EFGHI

cocktail, fruit

salad

zeri fruit

strawberry sundae purin caramel custard

89:

;?@ABC D banira-aisu-kurimu

kori-azki

}~¡¢£¤¥

ice cream

./0123456 7 storoberi-sande

Menu Reader: Food

syrup

qrst

tamago-yaki

Japanese-style omelette

abcde

omuraisu

omelette with rice

fghijk

otoshitamago poached egg lmno chawam·mushi

savoury custard with egg and fish

pqrst

hanjuku-

243

Menu Reader: Food

tamago soft-boiled egg tamagosupu soup with egg {|}~¡ tamago-dofu

uvwxyz steamed egg

¢£¤ awabi abalone ¥¦ akagai ark shell §¨ fugu blowfish ©ª« mirugai boiled round clams katsuo bonito,

tunny

¯° koi carp ±²³´ hamaguri clams µ¶ tara cod ¸¹º tarako cod roe »¼½ anago conger eel ¾¿À shijimi corbicula Á kani crab ÃÄÅÆ karasumi dried mullet roe

ÇÈÉ unagi eel ÊËÌ hirame flatfish !"#$ tobi-uo flying fish

%&'()

; dojo loach ?@AB ise-ebi lobster CD saba mackerel EFG chu-toro medium

-./0

HIJK

anko

monkfish

LMNO muru-gai mussels PQ tako octopus RS kaki oyster TUV sam·ma Pacific saury

WXY

kamasu pike,

barracuda

Z[\]^

kim·me-dai

kazunoko

herring roe 12 aji horse mackerel 345 kurage jellyfish

kuruma-ebi

prawns

_`ab

nijimasu

rainbow trout cd sashimi raw fish efgh tairagi razor shell ligament ij sake salmon klm ikura salmon roe nop iwashi sardines

qrst

tachi-uo

scabbard fish

gold-eyed bream *+, nishin herring

244

taraba-gani

king crab

fatty tuna

Fish

¬­®

6789:

uvwx hotategai scallops yz kai-bashira scallops {|} suzuki sea bass ~¡ tai sea bream ¢£ hamo sea eel ¤¥ kisu sea smelt ¦§ uni sea urchin

clam

­® ebi shrimps, prawns ¯°±² shishamo smelt ³´µ¶¸¹º» sumoku-samon smoked

salmon

¼½

toro soft, fatty pink belly of tuna

¾¿ÀÁÂ

shita-birame

sole

Fish Dishes @ABC DEFG

kabayaki

broiled eel

HIJ

unaju broiled

eel

on rice

KLM

STUVWX

unadon broiled

eel

aji no

chopped raw horse mackerel, mild ginger and herbs YZ[\ tempura deepfried seafood and vegetables tataki

]^_`

takoyaki

dumplings with small pieces of octopus ab nabemono fish and vegetables cooked in a pot at the table cde yosenabe fish and vegetables cooked in a pot at the table fg sashimi raw fish hi sushi raw fish on rice balls jklm fugu-sashi raw sliced blowfish nop tek·kadon rice in a bowl topped with slices of raw tuna

qrst

fugu-ryori

blowfish cuisine

robata-yaki

charcoal-grilled fish and vegetables

ABCDEFGHIJKL

ÃÄ ika squid ÅÆ ayu sweet smelt !"# kajiki swordfish $%& sazae top-shell '() namako trepang *+ masu trout ,-. maguro tuna /01 karei turbot 2345 sup·pon turtle 67 fuka type of shark 89: kujira whale ;? buri yellowtail

on rice in a bowl

NOPQR

Menu Reader: Food

¨© same shark ª«¬ asari short-necked

fugu-chiri

shredded blowfish in vegetable chowder uvw oden vegetables and fish dumplings stewed in a thin soy soup, served hot

245

Menu Reader: Food

Fruit, Nuts and Seeds xyz{ kudamono fruit |}~¡ frutsu fruit ¢£¤¥¦ amondo almonds

§¨© rin·go apple ª«¬ banana banana ­®¯°± sakurambo cherries

!" kuri chestnuts #$%&' kokonat·tsu coconut

()*+ ,-./

ichijiku figs gin·nan gingko

Lunch Boxes lm bento boxed lunch nopqr makunouchibento boxed lunch with rice, meat and vegetables

Meat and Meat Dishes (see also beef,

nuts

chicken, poultry etc and pork)

grepu-frutsu grapefruit

s niku meat tuvw bekon bacon xyz{|} babekyu

01234567 89: budo grapes ;< ume Japanese plum =>? remon lemon @AB meron melon CDEF orenji orange GH momo peach IJKLM pinat·tsu peanuts

NO PQ

nashi pear kaki persimmon,

sharon fruit

RSTUVW painap·puru pineapple XYZ sumomo plum [\] zakuro

pomegranate

246

^_ goma sesame seeds `ab ichigo strawberries cde mikan tangerine fgh kurumi walnuts ijk suika watermelon

barbecue

~¡¢£¤¥¦

roru-

kyabetsu cabbage

rolls filled with minced meat §¨©ª abaraniku chops

«¬­®

korok·ke

croquettes

¯°±²

katsuretsu

cutlets

³´µ

kushi-age deepfried meat on skewers ¶¸¹ hireniku fillet !" ham ham

#$%&'

hambagu

nopqrs

filled dumplings

~¡¢£

234

hikiniku minced

beef, pork or chicken maton mutton honetsuki on the bone

567 89:

;?

soseji

sausage

@ABCDEF

ramuno-kushiyaki skewered lamb GHIJK speyarib

spare ribs

chanko-nabe

Italian-style cuisine Nihon-ryori

Japanese-style cuisine

¤¥¦§

kaiseki-ryori

Japanese haute cuisine

¨©ª«¬­

meinkosu main course ® niku meat ¯°±² kyodo-ryori

regional specialities

³´ teishoku set meal µ¶¸ supu soups ¹º»¼½ odoburu starters, appetizers

thick meat and vegetable stew QR tan tongue ST motsu tripe UVW koushi-niku veal

!" yasai vegetables #$%& shojin-ryori

Menu Terms

Noodles

XYZ[ menyu menu \ nami cheaper selection ]^_`abcd

+,

honjitsu no osusume-hin

chef ’s speciality of the day

efgh

Chuka-ryori

Chinese-style cuisine ijkl dezato desserts m jo expensive selection

vegetarian cuisine

'()*

seiyo-ryori

Western-style cuisine

ABCDEFGHIJKL

LMNOP

Fransuryori French-style cuisine tuvw kudamono fruit xyz{|} Itaria-ryori

Menu Reader: Food

hamburger

() jinzo kidney *+ ramu lamb ,-. reba liver /01 nikudango meat-

soba buckwheat

noodles

-./

udon thick noodles made from wheatflour

0123

shirataki

translucent, thin noodles made from potato flour 4567 somen very

247

Menu Reader: Food

thin wheatflour vermicelli served cold with soy-sauce dipping sauce

89:;

yakisoba

Chinese noodles fried in a wok ? ramen Chinese noodles in bouillon

@ABCDEFG chashumen Chinese

noodles in bouillon with slices of pork

HIJKLM

miso-

ramen Chinese noodles in bouillon with fermented soybean paste

NOPQR

champon

Chinese noodles in salted bouillon with vegetables STU ten-zaru cold noodles served with deepfried shrimps

VWXY

hiyashi-chuka

cold noodles with slices of meat and vegetables in vinegary sauce

Z[\]^_`a zaru-soba/udon cold

noodles with sweet soy sauce for dipping

bcde

kakitama

noodles and egg in fish soup

fghi

gomoku-soba

noodles in bouillon with

248

vegetables and meat

jklmn

kare-namban

noodles in curry-flavoured soup with pork or beef

opqrs

tororo-soba

noodles in fish bouillon garnished with grated yam

tuvwxyz{

tsukimi-soba/udon noodles in fish bouillon with a raw egg

|}~

kamo-namban

noodles in fish bouillon with chicken

¡¢£¤¥¦§¨© kitsune-soba/udon noodles in fish bouillon with deepfried bean curd

ª«¬­®¯

tempura-

soba noodles

in fish bouillon with deep-fried shrimps

°±²³´µ¶¸¹ okame-soba/udon noodles in fish bouillon with fish dumplings

º»¼½¾¿ÀÁ nameko-soba/udon noodles in fish bouillon with Japanese small mushrooms

ÃÄÅ

niku-namban

noodles in fish bouillon with pork or beef

ÆÇÈÉÊËÌÍÎ tanuki-soba/udon noodles

in

!"#$%&'() * ankake-soba/udon noodles in thick bouillon with fish dumplings and vegetables

Pork and Pork Dishes +, butaniku pork -./ poku pork 0123 tonkatsu deepfried pork cutlets

456

katsudon

deep-

789:; butaniku

honetsuki-

pork chop

?@AB

buta-

pork cooked in soy sauce with ginger

shogayaki

CDEFG

katsukare

pork cutlets with curry

HIJKL

buta-teriyaki

pork cooked in soy sauce and sake

MNOPQRS poku roast

rosto-

pork

TUVWX

batayaki

sliced pork (or beef) fried in butter

YZ[ \]^ _`a

gohan rice raisu rice unaju broiled

eel

on rice

bc

dom·mono bowl of rice with something on top

def

oyakodon

dom·mono with chicken and egg

ghi

katsudon

dom·mono with deep-fried breaded pork cutlet jk tendon dom·mono with deep-fried shrimps

lm

tamagodon

dom·mono with soft scrambled eggs and onions

nop

unadon

dom·mono with broiled eel

qrs

chukadon

dom·mono with pork and vegetables tu gyudon dom·mono with sliced beef vwxyz chahan fried rice {|}~ onigiri riceballs ¡¢ mochi rice cakes £¤¥¦ ochazuke rice in tea or fish bouillon §¨ kamameshi rice steamed in fish bouillon

ABCDEFGHIJKL

fried pork on rice

Rice and Rice Dishes

Menu Reader: Food

fish bouillon with small pieces of deep-fried batter

249

Menu Reader: Food

with pieces of meat, fish and vegetables

©ª«¬­®

chikin-rais

rice with chicken, cooked in tomato sauce

¯°±²³´

karerais

rice with curry-flavoured stew µ¶¸¹º omurais rice wrapped in a plain omelette

»¼½¾¿À rais diced

hayashi-

beef in gravy on

rice

GHIJKL

hambaga

hamburger

MNOPQ

hamusando

ham sandwich

RSTUVW hot·todog·gu hotdog

XYZ[\] tomorokoshi roasted corn on the cob

^_`abc

sandoit·chi

sandwich

defghi

spaget·ti

spaghetti

jklm tosto toast nopqr tsunasando tuna sandwich

Salads ÁÂÃ sarada salad ÄÅÆ nama-yasai salad !"#$%&' mik·kus-sarada mixed salad potetosarada potato salad

()*+,./0123

dores·shingu salad

dressing

Snacks 456789:

chizubaga cheeseburger ;?@ potetofrai chips, French fries ABCDEF potetochipu crisps, (US) potato

chips

250

Soups stu

supu soups (usually Western-style) vw shirumono soups (Japanese-style) xy suimono clear fish

bouillon with meat, fish or vegetable

z{|}

sumashi-jiru

clear fish bouillon with meat, fish or vegetable

~¡¢£¤¥¦

konsome-supu consommé

§¨©ª«¬­®¯ ° yasai no kurimu-supu cream of vegetable soup

±²³´µ¶¸¹ º»¼ onion-guratan-

ÅÆÇÈÉÊ

tomato-

supu tomato soup ËÌ soba buckwheat

noodles in bouillon ÍÎÏ udon thick noodles made from wheatflour in bouillon ÐÑÒÓ ramen Chinese noodles in bouillon

!"#

%$mashrumu mushrooms

XY kaki oysters Z[\]^ kuruma-ebi prawns

_`a

sakana no tamago

roe

bcd sarada salad efg sarami salami hi sake salmon jklmn soseji sausage

opq rst

ko-ebi shrimps maguro tuna

Sushi Dishes uv

sushi raw

fish on

riceballs

odoburu

starters, appetizers

&'()

wxyz

nigiri-zushi raw fish on seasoned riceballs

otsumami Japanese-style starter/appetizer

{|}~

asuparagasu asparagus

¡¢£¤¥

*+,-./

0123 kyabia caviar 456 serori celery 789: hamaguri clams ;< kani crab =>?@ABCD frutsu-jusu fruit juice EF ham ham GHI nishin herring JKLM ise-ebi lobster NOP meron melon

gomoku-zushi

mixed fish and vegetables on rice zushi mixed

ABCDEFGHIJKL

Starters and Appetizers

QRSTUVW

Menu Reader: Food

onion soup au gratin misoshiru soup with bean paste ÀÁÂÃÄ potaju thick soup supu

½¾¿

chirashi-

raw fish on

rice

¦§¨©

oshi-zushi sushi

cut in squares

ª«¬­

saba-zushi sushi with vinegared mackerel

®¯°±²

kap·pa-maki

cucumber and seasoned rice wrapped in seaweed

³´µ¶¸

oshinko-maki

251

Menu Reader: Food

pickles and seasoned rice wrapped in seaweed

¹º»¼

chakin-zushi

seasoned rice wrapped in egg crepe

½¾¿ÀÁ

inari-zushi

seasoned rice wrapped in deep-fried bean curd ÂÃÄÅ norimaki sliced roll of rice, vegetables or cooked gourd wrapped in seaweed

ÆÇÈÉ

tek·ka-maki

tuna and seasoned rice wrapped in seaweed ÊËÌ wasabi very spicy horseradish served with sushi

Vegetables !" yasai vegetables #$% azuki adzuki beans &'()*+ asuparagasu asparagus nasu aubergine,

,-

eggplant

./01

abokado

soramame

broad beans

VWXYZ

burok·kori

broccoli

[\]

shimeji brown button mushrooms

^_`ab

mekyabetsu

Brussels sprouts cde gobo burdock root

fghi

kyabetsu

cabbage

jklm ninjin carrot nopqrs karifrawa cauliflower

tuv serori celery wxyz{ puchi-tomato cherry tomatoes

£¤

cabbage

shinachiku

bamboo shoots cooked in

252

RSTU

takenoko

bamboo shoots

:;? mame beans @AB moyashi bean sprouts CDE bitsu beet FGHI tensai beetroot

shun·giku chrysanth-

emum greens

¥¦§¨©ª tomorokoshi corn

on the

zuk·kini

courgette, zucchini

°±²³ kyuri cucumber ´µ¶¸¹ kampyo dried gourd shavings shitake dried mushrooms ¾¿ nori dried seaweed ÀÁ nameko edible fungus ÃÄÅÆ kikurage edible tree fungus

º»¼½

!"#$%&

endibu

endive

'()*

kabocha

pumpkin, squash

Z[\]^_`

mash-

mushrooms (Western) abc kinoko mushrooms (general term) rumu

defg

karashina

mustard greens hij okura okra

klmn tamanegi onion opqrst

789:;<

saya-

ingen haricot beans wasabi Japanese

=>?

green horseradish matsutake

Japanese mushrooms, with a distinctive aromatic flavour

DEFGHI

ingem·mame kidney beans komatsuna leafy

JKL

cabbage negi leeks

uvw poteto potato xyz{| jagaimo potato

}~¡¢£¤¥ hatsuka-daikon radish hijiki seaweed

¦§¨

cooked in soy sauce and sugar ©ª goma sesame seeds «¬­ daizu soybeans

®¯°±²³

ABCDEFGHIJKL

burdock root and carrot nin·niku garlic shishito green chilli pepper 3456 piman green pepper

MN

root

VWXY

endomame peas

kimpira fried

+,-. /012

@ABC

OPQ retasu lettuce RSTU renkon lotus

Menu Reader: Food

cob

«¬­®¯

horenso

spinach

´µ nira spring onions ¶¸¹ wakegi spring onions

º»¼ kon sweetcorn ½¾¿ÀÁ satsumaimo sweet potato

ÂÃÄÅ

satoimo taro

potato

253

Menu Reader: Food

ÆÇÈ tomato tomato ÉÊ kabu turnip !"# wakame type of seaweed

$%&

kombu type

of

seaweed

'()*

kureson

watercress

+,

fuki wild butterbur (green vegetable stalk) -./0 yamaimo yam

12345

enokidake

yellow button mushrooms

254

Menu Reader: Drink

Essential Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258 Beer, Spirits,Wine etc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259 Coffee,Tea etc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259 Soft Drinks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260

Menu Reader: Drink

Contents

ABCDEFGHIJKL 257

Menu Reader: Drink

Essential Terms beer biru 678 bottle bin 9: coffee kohi ; cup kap·pu ?@A glass kop·pu BCD milk miruku EFG mineral water mineraru-uota HIJKLMNOP orange juice orenji-jusu QRSTUVWX red wine aka-wain YZ[\ rice wine sake ] soft drink sofuto-dorinku ^_`abcd sugar sato efg tea kocha hi (green) ocha jk water mizu l white wine shiro-wain mnop wine wain qrs whisky uiski tuvwx a cup of …, please

… o hitotsu kudasai

yz{|}~¡¢£ another beer, please

biru o mo hitotsu onegai shimasu

¤¥¦§¨©ª«¬­®¯°±² a glass of sake

sake o ip·pai

³´µ¶

258

on the rocks

Z[\]^_`

¸¹º biru beer »¼½¾¿À brandi

ab amakuchi sweet cdefghijk

brandy

ÁÂÃÄÅ hiya chilled

!"#$

lmnop

Nihonshu

qr

vermouth

rice wine nama-biru

draught beer

%& karakuchi dry '( jin gin )*+,-. jin-toniku gin and tonic

/0123

toniku-uota tonic berumot·to

shampen

champagne

ÆÇÈÉÊ

spakuringu sparkling

shochu very strong, transparent, colourless spirit stuv uok·ka vodka wxyz{ uiski whisky |}~ mizuwari whisky with water

¡¢£¤

shiro-wain

white wine

jin-fizu gin

¥¦§

Nihonshu

Coffee, Tea etc

wain wine

atsukan heated

9:;?@AB

¨©ª

o-nomimono

beverages

matini

martini

«¬­

gem·mai-cha

wine

ban-cha tea with roasted rice ®¯ mat·cha bitter green tea made of fine tea powder

variety)

¹º

CDEFGH

poto-wain

port

IJKL

aka-wain red

M sake rice wine NO jizake rice wine (local PQ

masuzake rice wine served in wooden box cup RS ramu rum

TUVWXY

onza-

ABCDEFGHIJKL

fizz

45678

Menu Reader: Drink

rok·ku scotch

Beer, Spirits, Wine etc

°±²³´µ¶¸

buraku-kohi black coffee kocha black tea,

similar to English tea

»¼½¾¿

uron-cha

Chinese tea

ÀÁÂÃ

kohi coffee

259

Menu Reader: Drink

ÄÅ ocha green tea ÆÇÈ kokoa hot

hijklmno pqrs gurep-fruts-jus

chocolate

!"#$%&

grapefruit juice

ais-ti iced

tea

'()*+,-

ais-

kohi iced coffee ban-cha inexpensive

./

tea with large leaves

012345

remon-ti

lemon tea

67

sencha mediumgrade green tea 89: miruk milk ;?@A hojicha tea made with roasted ban-cha leaves

BCDEFG

miruk-ti

tea with milk

HIJKLMN kohi white

miruk-

coffee, coffee

with milk

tuvwxyz{ gurep-jus grape juice soda-sui green,

|}~¡

sweet soda pop

¢£¤ ohiya iced water ¥¦§¨© remonedo lemonade

ª«¬­®¯°± remon-skash lemon

½¾¿ÀÁÂÃÄÅ mineraru-uota mineral

rin·go-

juice

VWXYZ[

kohigyunyu coffee-flavoured

milk

\]^_` Coke®

koka-kora

abc kora cola defg fanta Fanta® 260

water

ÆÇÈÉÊËÌÍ orenji-jus orange

juice

!"#$%&'() orenji-skash orange

squash

*+, Pepusi Pepsi® -./0123 painjus pineapple

jus apple

meron-

jus melon juice º»¼ miruk milk

juice

4567 saida soda pop 89:;< ichigo-

Soft Drinks OPQRSTU

squash

²³´µ¶¸¹

gyunyu strawberry

milk

=>?@ABC

tomato-jus tomato juice mizu water korimizu water with

DE FG ice

How the Language Works

f m ob. part. part.

feminine masculine object particle particle

pol pl sing sub. part.

polite plural singular subject particle

Pronunciation / Abbreviations

Abbreviations

■

Throughout this book, Japanese words have been transliterated into romanized form so that they can be read as though they were English, bearing in mind the notes on pronunciation given below. a as in rather e as in bed; e is always pronounced, even at the end of a word i like the ee in feet, but slightly shorter o as in not u as in put ae separate a followed by e, pronounced ah-eh ai as in Thai ei as in weight ie separate ee followed by e, pronounced ee-eh ue separate u followed by e, pronounced oo-eh g hard g as in girl s always as in mass (never z) y as in yet A bar over a vowel means that it is twice as long as a vowel without a bar. A dot (·) between two letters indicates a slight pause. Note that ing in Japanese is pronounced more strongly than in English. In spoken Japanese the sounds u and i, in certain contexts, are shortened and can become barely audible. In this book we show u and i in italics to mean that their pronunciation is clipped. For example, desu is pronounced as des. Japanese is generally evenly stressed, with all syllables having the same emphasis.

HOW THE LANGUAGE WORKS

Pronunciation

263

HOW THE LANGUAGE WORKS

General The Japanese language has a number of characteristics which are very different from European languages, the most important of these being that there are no changes for case, number or gender and that verbs do not change according to the person or number. Also, pronouns, both personal and impersonal, are often omitted. Another distinctive feature of Japanese is that small words known as postpositional particles are used after a noun or pronoun to indicate whether it is the subject, object or indirect object of a sentence. See pages 269.

Articles

■ General / Articles / Nouns

There is no equivalent in Japanese for either the definite article ‘the’ or the indefinite articles ‘a’ and ‘an’. The exact meaning of a word or phrase will be clear from the context. Therefore, zas·shi (magazine) can mean ‘a magazine’ or ‘the magazine’. If you want to be more precise, you can use the demonstrative adjectives sono/ano (that) or kono (this) with the appropriate word (see page 282). The number hitots (one) (see page 286) can also be used to translate ‘a/an’, but generally this is not necessary: biru hitots, onegai shimas [‘beer one please’]

a beer, please

Nouns Japanese nouns only have one form. Singular and plural forms of nouns are the same and there are no distinctions for gender (masculine/feminine/neuter).Therefore: 264

or ‘the books’ biru can mean: ‘a beer’, ‘the beer’, ‘beers’, ‘some beers’ or

‘the beers’ Usually, what you mean will be perfectly clear from the context. Where necessary, you can be more specific by using numbers (see Counting, page 286). Although the form of the noun itself does not change, grammatical particles placed after the noun indicate whether it is the subject, object or indirect object of a sentence: watashi no fak·kusu wa todokimashita ka? [‘I’ + possessive part. ‘fax’ + sub. part. + ‘arrived’ + question part.]

has my fax arrived yet? [‘fax’ + ob. part. + ‘sent’ + question part.]

Pronouns

Nouns / Pronouns

did you send the fax? and o are known as postpositional particles (see page 273). One interesting aspect of many nouns is that they can be changed into verbs by just adding suru (to do) or shimas (polite form of ‘to do’).Thus, dokusho is the Japanese word for ‘reading’, and doksho suru is the equivalent of ‘to read’. Wa

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fak·kusu o okurimashita ka?

HOW THE LANGUAGE WORKS

hon can mean ‘a book’, ‘the book’, ‘books’, ‘some books’

Generally, pronouns are omitted in Japanese whenever possible, but occasionally it might be necessary to use them for emphasis or to avoid misunderstanding. It should be remembered that, on the whole, use of pronouns does not show respect and should be avoided, especially when addressing one’s superiors. If it does become necessary to use a personal pronoun, the words listed in the sections that follow can be used. 265

HOW THE LANGUAGE WORKS

Personal Pronouns watashi bok watakshi anata kimi kare kanojo watashitachi anatatachi kimitachi karera kanojotachi sorera

I I (m, fam) I (pol) you (sing) you (sing, fam, to a subordinate) he she we you (pl) you (pl, fam, to subordinates) they (m) they (f) they (inanimate objects)

watashi wa Igiris-jin des

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[‘I’ + sub. part. + ‘English am’]

Pronouns

I’m English The subject of the sentence above is followed by the subject particle wa (see page 270). Care should also be taken not to address Japanese using anata, the direct translation of ‘you’.The best way to say, for example, ‘where are you going?’ in Japanese, is to use the person’s name plus -san, instead of the word for ‘you’. Another acceptable way to say this is to omit both ‘you’ and the name in Japanese. Eigo o hanasemas ka? [‘English’ + ob. part. + ‘speak can’ + question part.]

do you speak English? Nakada-san wa Frans-go o hanasemas ka? [‘surname Mr’ + sub. part. + ‘French’ + ob. part. + ‘speak’ + question part.]

Mr Nakada, do you speak French?

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me me (m, fam) me (pol) you (sing) you (sing, fam, to a subordinate) him her us you (pl) you (pl, fam, to subordinates) them (m) them (f) them (inanimate objects)

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watashi o bok o watakshi o anata o kimi o kare o kanojo o watashitachi o anatatachi o kimitachi o karera o kanojotachi o sorera o

HOW THE LANGUAGE WORKS

The form of the pronoun does not change, but there is a change in the postpositional particle that is placed after the pronoun; for direct object pronouns, use o instead of wa:

kare o yonde kimasho

I’ll get him ‘It’

Japanese has no word that is equivalent to the English pronoun ‘it’;‘it’ will be understood in phrases like the following: doko desu ka?

toi desu ka?

[‘where is’ + question part.]

[‘far is’ + question part.]

where is it?

is it far?

Pronouns

[‘he’ + ob. part. + ‘fetch’]

ame ga fut·te imasu [‘rain’ + sub. part. + ‘fall is’]

it’s raining

If you really need to emphasise ‘it’, you can use sore, but this is a demonstrative pronoun rather than a personal pronoun, and actually means ‘that’: 267

HOW THE LANGUAGE WORKS ■ Pronouns / Possessives

268

sore wa kare no kuruma des [‘that’ + sub. part. + ‘he’ + possessive part. + ‘car is’]

it’s his car Demonstrative Pronouns kore sore are

this (one); these (ones) that (one); those (ones) (nearby or just mentioned) that (one); those (ones) (further away)

kore wa watashi no des

sore dewa nak, kore des

[‘this’ + sub. part. + ‘I of am’]

[‘that as for not this is’]

this is mine

not that one, this one

are wa takai des [‘that’ + sub. part. + ‘expensive is’]

that one is expensive

See Demonstrative Adjectives, page 282.

Possessives Possessive adjectives and pronouns are the same in Japanese. To form the possessive, add the particle no to the pronoun: watashi no bok no watakshi no anata no kimi no kare no kanojo no watashitachi no anatatachi no kimitachi no karera no kanojotachi no sorera no

my; mine my; mine (m, fam) my; mine (pol) your; yours (sing) you (sing, fam, to a subordinate) his her; hers our; ours your; yours (pl) you (pl, fam, to subordinates) their; theirs (m) their; theirs (f) their; theirs (inanimate objects)

watashi no heya de [‘I’ + possessive part. + ‘room in’]

it’s mine

in my room

The possessive is generally omitted if the meaning is clear from the context: handobag·gu o nakushimashita [‘handbag’ + ob. part. + ‘lost’]

I’ve lost my handbag

In phrases like the one below, it’s more respectful to use the possessive particle with the person’s name or job title: shacho no kuruma [‘director’ + possessive part. + ‘car’]

the director’s car rather than:

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kare no kuruma

HOW THE LANGUAGE WORKS

watashi no desu [‘I’ + possessive part. + ‘be’]

[‘he’ + possessive part. + ‘car’]

Postpositional Particles Postpositional particles are small words that always follow the word they relate to.They have two main functions: a) They indicate whether a noun or pronoun is the subject, object or indirect object of a sentence. b) They are the equivalent of certain English grammatical elements, for example, prepositions (to, from, with etc), constructions such as ‘and’,‘because’,‘also’, and they are also used to indicate a question. The following list shows the meanings of the various particles in brief; for further information and examples, see the text that follows this list.

Postpositional Particles

his car even if the English phrase doesn’t use the name or title.

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HOW THE LANGUAGE WORKS

follows the subject of a sentence, emphasises the subject wa follows the subject of a sentence o follows the object of a sentence ni follows the indirect object of a sentence; or means on, in, to, at (referring to time and location) e to (indicates motion towards); towards; until made to; up to; until; as far as kara from; since de by, by means of; with; at; on; in (referring to location) to with, accompanied by; and, that mo too, also; even; both ... and; neither ... nor no of; possessive ka? question particle ne? question tag: isn’t it?, haven’t we?, haven’t you? etc ga

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Subject Particles

Postpositional Particles

To indicate that a word is the subject of a sentence, the particles ga or wa are used: onaka ga sukimashita ka? [‘stomach’ + sub. part. + ‘empty’ + question part.]

are you hungry?

The particle ga can indicate that the subject of the sentence is more important than the text that follows. In English this distinction can be achieved by tone of voice: watashi ga ikimasu [‘I’ + sub. part. + ‘will go’]

I will go, it’s me who’s going (not anyone else) watashi ga haraimasu [‘I’ + sub. part. + ‘pay’]

I’ll pay (nobody else has to pay)

If wa is used instead of ga, this gives less emphasis to the subject and more to the rest of the text: 270

watashi wa gakusei desu

[‘I’ + sub. part. + ‘American am’]

[‘I’ + sub. part. + ‘student am’]

I’m American

I’m a student

Ga

is often used if the verb is arimasu or imasu:

kyo wa sumo ga arimasu [‘today’ + sub. part. + ‘sumo’ + sub. part. + ‘is’]

there’s a sumo match today

and wa is often used when the verb is des or a negative: sore wa totemo omoshiroi desu [‘that’ + sub. part. + ‘very interesting is’]

that’s very interesting watashi wa Igirisu-jin desu [‘I’ + sub. part. + ‘English am’]

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I’m English

HOW THE LANGUAGE WORKS

watashi wa Amerika-jin desu

watashi wa ikimasen

I’m not going kono hon wa omoshiroku nai desu [‘this book’ + sub. part. + ‘interesting not is’]

this book is not interesting Object Particle

The object particle o is placed after the object of the verb: yoyaku o shite arimasu [‘reservation’ + ob. part. + ‘made’]

I have a reservation

Postpositional Particles

[‘I’ + sub. part. + ‘go’ + negative]

Eigo o hanasemasu ka? [‘English’ + ob. part. + ‘speak can’ + question part.]

can you speak English?

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HOW THE LANGUAGE WORKS

Indirect Object Particle

The particle ni is used to indicate an indirect object: sensei ni wain o agemashita [‘teacher’ + ind. ob. part. + ‘wine’ + ob. part. + ‘gave’]

I gave the teacher a bottle of wine Other Particles

The particle e indicates motion towards something: Kobe e ikimasu [‘Kobe to go’]

I’m going to Kobe

The particle made means ‘to’, ‘up to’, ‘until’ or ‘as far as’: kuko made, onegai shimasu

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[‘airport to please’]

to the airport, please

Postpositional Particles

... made nan-kiro arimasu ka? [‘... to how many kilometres is’ + question part.]

how many kilometres is it to ...? Doyobi made [‘Saturday until’]

until Saturday

The particle kara means ‘from’ or ‘since’: Rondon kara Tokyo made

senshu kara

[‘London from Tokyo to’]

[‘last week since’]

from London to Tokyo

since last week

The particle ni (as well as being the indirect object particle) means ‘on’, ‘in’, ‘to’ or ‘at’, referring to time or location: Doyobi ni [‘Saturday on’]

on Saturday

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[‘Hilton Hotel at staying’]

I’m staying at the Hilton Hotel Tokyo ni oba ga sunde imasu [‘Tokyo in aunt’ + sub. part. + ‘lives’]

my aunt lives in Tokyo

The particle de can mean ‘by’, ‘by means of ’ or ‘with’: kuruma de

basu de

[‘car by’]

[‘bus by’]

by car

by bus

kurejit·to-kado de haraemasu ka? [‘credit card by can pay’ + question part.]

can I pay by credit card?

can also mean ‘at’, ‘on’ or ‘in’, referring to location:

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de

HOW THE LANGUAGE WORKS

Hiruton hoteru ni tomat·te imasu

ba de suwat·te imashita

he was sitting at the bar depato no naka de aimasho [‘department store of inside in meet let’s’]

I’ll see you in the department store

The particle to means ‘with’, ‘accompanying’: haha to kaimono shimasu [‘mother with shopping do’]

I go shopping with my mother

See page 284 for when to use to meaning ‘and’.

Postpositional Particles

[‘bar at was sitting’]

The particle mo can mean ‘too’, ‘also’ or ‘even’: kimi mo heya ni itano ka?

watashi mo

[‘you too room in were’ + question part.]

me too

were you in the room too?

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HOW THE LANGUAGE WORKS

can also be used to translate ‘both ... and’ (in a positive statement) and ‘neither ... nor’ (with a negative verb, see page 278):

mo

biru mo sake mo nomimashita [‘beer both sake and drank’]

I drank both beer and sake biru mo sake mo nomimasen deshita [‘beer both sake and not drank’]

I drank neither beer nor sake

The particle no means ‘of ’ or corresponds to the ’s or the possessive in English: ane no hon

kurabu no memba

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[‘sister of book’]

[‘club of member’]

my sister’s book

a member of the club

watashi no kuruma Postpositional Particles

[‘I of car’]

my car

The particle ka is added to the end of a statement to change it into a question: kip·pu wa takai desu [‘ticket’ + sub. part. + ‘expensive’]

the tickets are expensive kip·pu wa takai desu ka? [‘ticket’ + sub. part. + ‘expensive’ + question part.]

are the tickets expensive?

The particle ne is the equivalent of English tag questions like ‘isn’t it?’, ‘haven’t we?’ and so on: Keiko-san, kore wa anata no desu ne? [‘Keiko’ + polite form + ‘this’ + sub. part. + ‘you of is’ + question tag]

it’s yours, Keiko, isn’t it?

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[‘here in that came’ + sub. part. ‘be’+ question tag]

we’ve been here, haven’t we?

Verbs Unlike English verbs, Japanese verbs do not change their form according to first, second, or third person subjects, singular or plural.Therefore, ikimasu means: to go I go you go

he/she/it goes we go they go

The form of Japanese verbs is changed to indicate different levels of politeness. As a general rule, longer verb forms denote courtesy: yomimasu to read shimbun yomu ka? (basic form) shimbun yomimasu ka? (polite) shimbun yomaremasu ka? (very polite)

do you read the paper?

It is more straightforward for beginners in Japanese to stick to the second form given above (yomimasu).This is the verb form we have generally given in the English-Japanese section of this book and it is polite enough for most situations. Present Tense

P o s t p o s i t i o n a l P a r t i c l e s / Ve r b s

Polite Verb Forms

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However, Japanese verbs do change their form according to various other criteria, for example, the degree of politeness required, the tense, or whether the verb indicates ‘wanting’ or ‘necessity’.

HOW THE LANGUAGE WORKS

koko ni kita koto ga arimasu ne?

To express the simple present, use the basic form of the verb ending in -masu: 275

HOW THE LANGUAGE WORKS

ikimasu to go

swarimasu to sit down I go I sit down you go you sit down he/she/it goes he/she/it sits down we go we sit down they go they sit down To express a continuing action in the present (‘he is going’, ‘I am walking’ etc), the -masu ending is removed from the verb and replaced with -te or -de, and imasu is placed after the verb: nani o yonde imasu ka? [‘what’ + ob. part. + ‘reading’ + question part.]

what are you reading? karera wa tabete imasu [‘they’ + sub. part. + ‘eating’]

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they are eating kare wa tabako o sut·te imasu [‘he’ + sub. part. + ‘cigarette’ + ob. part. + ‘inhale’]

Ve r b s

he is smoking Past Tense

The ending -mashita indicates the past tense. Replace the -masu ending of the verb with -mashita: ikimasu to go ikimashita I went

mimasu to see; to watch mimashita I’ve seen

you went he/she/it went we went they went

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you’ve seen he/she/it has seen we have seen they have seen

tsukimasu to arrive kyo tsukimashita

tabemasu to eat watashitachi wa mo tabemashita

[‘today arrived’]

[‘we’ + sub. part. + ‘already have eaten’]

we arrived today

we’ve already eaten

There is no real future tense in Japanese; instead the present tense is used to express the future: mata ashita kimasu

rainen Kyoto ni ikimasu

[‘again tomorrow come’]

[‘next year Kyoto to go’]

I’ll come back tomorrow I’m going to Kyoto next year Asking Permission

Asking permission to do something is indicated by the verb ending -te followed by ... i desu ka? (literally: is it allowed?): anata ni tegami o kaite i desu ka? [‘you to letter’ + ob. part. + ‘write is is allowed’ + question part.]

can I write to you? Indicating Necessity

Ve r b s

ikimasu to go mo ikanakereba narimasen

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Necessity is indicated by the verb ending -nakereba narimasen:

HOW THE LANGUAGE WORKS

Future Tense

[‘already go must’]

I have to go now kakimasu to write tegami o kakanakereba narimasen [‘letter’ + ob. part. + ‘write must’]

I have to write a letter Indicating Wanting

Wanting to do something is indicated by the verb ending -tai: okurimasu to send kore o Igirisu ni okuritai no desu ga [‘this’ + ob. part. + ‘England to send want request please’]

I want to send this to England

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HOW THE LANGUAGE WORKS

karimasu to rent kuruma o karitai no desu ga [‘car’ + ob. part. + ‘buy want request please’]

I’d like to rent a car Negatives

There is no simple equivalent to ‘not’ in Japanese. Instead the form of the verb changes to indicate the negative. The -masu ending changes to -masen and the -tai (wanting) ending changes to -taku nai: kono gak·ko e ikimasu [‘this school to go’]

I go to this school kono gak·ko e wa ikimasen [‘this school to’ + sub. part. + ‘go’ negative]

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I don’t go to this school

Ve r b s

Igirisu ni ikitai desu [‘England to want go’ + polite ending]

I want to go to England Igirisu ni ikitaku nai desu [‘England to want go’ + negative + polite ending]

I don’t want to go to England

Japanese has no words like ‘nobody’, ‘no-one’, ‘never’, ‘none’,‘neither’,‘nor’,‘(not) any’; these must be expressed in Japanese by a negative verb construction: dare mo kimasen deshita [‘somebody even come’ + negative]

nobody came dare mo hakbutskan e ikitagarimasen [‘somebody even museum to want to go’ + negative]

nobody wants to visit the museum

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[‘Kobe to’ + sub. part. + ‘not once even that’ + sub. part. + negative]

I’ve never been to Kobe mo hitots mo arimasen [‘already one even exist’ + negative]

there’s none left hoshik arimasen [‘want’ + negative]

I don’t want any

Adjectives

is is is is

red delicious interesting bad

The final -i or -i indicates the present positive form of the adjective, which is the basic form given in the EnglishJapanese section of this book; to make the past positive form, remove the -i or -i to obtain the stem and add -kat·ta: present positive

past positive

akai is red oishi is delicious omoshiroi is interesting warui is bad

akakat·ta was red oishkat·ta was delicious omoshirokat·ta was interesting warukat·ta was bad

Ve r b s / A d j e v c t i v e s

akai oishi omoshiroi warui

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Japanese ‘adjectives’ are a special category of words, many of which behave in a way quite unlike their English counterparts. Many, indeed, are more like verbs since they have separate forms for present and past tenses and for positive and negative use. For example, the adjective for ‘red’ akai really means ‘is red’. There are two types of adjectives in Japanese.The first type end in -ai, -i, -oi or -ui:

HOW THE LANGUAGE WORKS

Kobe niwa ichido mo it·ta koto ga arimasen

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HOW THE LANGUAGE WORKS

These are all plain forms which generally would not be used by themselves; to make them polite forms, add desu: nimotsu wa omokat·ta desu [‘luggage’ + sub. part. + ‘was heavy’ + polite ending]

the luggage was heavy

To form the present negative, remove -i or -i, and add -k nai; for the past negative add -ku nakat·ta to the stem: present negative

past negative

akaku nai is not red oishiku nai is not delicious

akaku nakat·ta was not red oishiku nakat·ta was not

omoshiroku nai is not

omoshiroku nakat·ta was

delicious interesting

not interesting

waruku nai is not bad

waruku nakat·ta was not bad

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To make the above polite forms (as used in speech), change -ku nai to -ku arimasen:

Adjectives

kono suika wa amaku arimasen [‘this watermelon’ + sub. part. + ‘sweet’ + negative]

this watermelon is not sweet Adjectival Nouns

The second type of Japanese adjective is more like an English adjective in that it does not change its ending and is not a form of verb.This type of adjective does not end in -ai, -i, -oi or -ui, but consists of a noun followed by na: shizuka (na)

quiet Adjectival nouns are used with the following to form the present and past tenses (positive and negative):

280

positive

present past

des deshta

negative

present past

dewa arimasen dewa arimasen deshta

hoteru wa shizka des [‘hotel’ + sub. part. + ‘quiet is’]

the hotel is quiet kono hon wa tekito dewa arimasen [‘this book’ + sub. part. + ‘suitable’ + negative]

this book is not suitable chit·toma shimpai dewa arimasen deshta [‘not at all worried’ + negative]

I wasn’t worried at all Comparatives and Superlatives

To form the comparative, put mot·to (more) in front of the adjective: mot·to omoshiroi

faster

more interesting

ichi·ban omoshiroi toshi [‘most is interesting city’]

the most interesting city

Adjectives

To form the superlative, put ichi·ban (literally: number one) or mot·tomo (most) in front of the adjective:

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mot·to hayak

HOW THE LANGUAGE WORKS

If the adjectival noun is followed by des, na can be omitted:

mot·tomo takai hoteru [‘most is expensive hotel’]

the most expensive hotel

To express ‘more ... than ...’, ‘...-er than’, use yori (than): kono hoteru wa ryokan yori takai desu [‘this hotel’ + sub. part. + ‘Japanese inn than expensive’]

this hotel is more expensive than a Japanese inn densha wa basu yori hayai desu [‘train’ + sub. part. + ‘bus than fast is’]

the train is faster than the bus

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HOW THE LANGUAGE WORKS

To express ‘as ... as ...’ use to onaji kurai (about the same as): Rondon wa Nagano to onaji kurai samui desu [‘London’ + sub. part. + ‘Nagano as cold as is’]

London is as cold as Nagano

To express ‘not as ... as ...’, use hodo ... nai: Nippon wa Amerika hodo okiku nai desu [‘Japan’ + sub. part. + ‘America not as big as is’]

Japan is not as big as America Demonstrative Adjectives

There are three demonstrative adjectives: kono, sono and ano: this; these that; those (nearby or just mentioned) that; those (further away)

kono sono ano

■ Adjectives / Adverbs

kono densha this train sono tomodachi that friend (of yours, that you mentioned) ano basu that bus (over there)

Adverbs To form an adverb from the first type of adjective (ending in -ai, -i, -oi or -ui), change the final -i to -k: hayai osoi yasashi warui yasui

quick slow easy bad cheap

hayaku osoku yasashiku waruku yask

quickly slowly easily badly cheaply

To form the adverb from the second type of adjective (shown with (na) in the English-Japanese section), change na to ni: shizka na heya

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Keiko-san wa shizka ni hanashimas

[‘quiet room’]

[‘Keiko’ + polite form + sub. part. + ‘quietly speaks’]

a quiet room

Keiko speaks quietly

The normal word order in Japanese sentences is: subject – object – verb ane wa sushi o suki des ga, watashi wa suki dewa arimasen [‘sister’ + sub. part. + ‘sushi’ + ob. part. + ‘like but I’ + sub. part. + ‘like not’]

my sister likes sushi but I don’t

Adjectives usually precede the noun they modify while particles and conjunctions follow the noun they refer to.

‘Yes’ and ‘No’

ie kek·ko des

yes, please

no thanks

yomimashta ka?

hai, yomimashta

have you read the paper?

yes, I have

In general, however, it is possible to omit hai and ie and answer simply by using the verb. When the question is a negative one, however, hai and ie are used in quite a different way to English. This is because hai is used to confirm the statement, whether the answer is affirmative or negative: anata wa Amerika-jin dewa arimasen ka? [‘you’ + sub. part. + ‘American’ + negative + question part.]

aren’t you American?

W o r d O r d e r / ‘ Ye s ’ a n d ‘ N o ’

hai, onegai shimas

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The words for ‘yes’ and ‘no’ are hai (or sometimes e) and ie (or ie):

HOW THE LANGUAGE WORKS

Word Order

hai, Igirisu-jin desu [‘yes (I am not) English’]

no, I’m English

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HOW THE LANGUAGE WORKS

This kind of negative question (as in English) implies the speaker may be slightly surprised or incredulous or wants to confirm something that they are almost sure of. If a positive question were asked, with no prior assumptions, the answer would be ie. In the same way, when the question is a negative one, ie is used to deny the sentence whether the answer is affirmative or negative: soba o tabemasen deshita ka? [‘noodles’ + ob. part. + ‘eat did not’ + question part.]

didn’t you eat the noodles? (implying you should have) ie, tabemashita [‘no, did eat’]

yes, I did eat them

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‘And’

‘ Ye s ’ a n d ‘ N o ’ / ‘ A n d ’

There are different words for ‘and’ in Japanese. To is used with nouns and pronouns: shio to kosho

Tokyo to Rondon

salt and pepper

Tokyo and London

kohi to sato o kaimashita [‘coffee and sugar’ + ob. part. + ‘bought’]

I bought coffee and sugar also means ‘and’; it is used with verbs, adjectives and adverbs:

Soshite

watashitachi wa onsen ni hairi soshite shokji o shimashta [‘we’ + sub. part. + ‘hot spring in go and meal did’]

we had a bath in the hot spring and had a meal kare wa hayak, soshite utskushik, ji o kakimas [‘he’ + sub. part. + ‘fast and neatly characters’ + ob. part. + ‘writes’]

he writes both fast and neatly means ‘and then’:

Sorekara

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[‘television’ + ob. part. + ‘watched and then study’]

I’ll watch television and then I’ll study

Masculine and Feminine Forms of Speech

I can speak English! watashi wa okoto ga hikeru wa! (said by a woman) [‘I’ + sub. part. + polite prefix + ‘Japanese harp’ + ob. part. + ‘play can’ + emphasis]

I can play the Japanese harp! Women make more use of the polite prefix o- or go-, as in: denwa/odenwa

(said by a man/woman) (your) telephone gokazoku wa ogenki desu ka?

Masculine and Feminine Forms

[‘I’ + sub. part. + ‘English’ + ob. part. + ‘speak can emphasis’]

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In the past, there were many different levels of courtesy in Japanese speech and special words and phrases were used, for example, to praise one’s superiors, and to deprecate oneself. As well as this, women’s speech was traditionally more polite than men’s. Although the differences between male and female speech patterns are now less pronounced than they used to be, there are still many ways of speaking that are exclusively used by either men or women. Men speak with a more even tone of voice, whereas women speak in a more lilting manner. Men and women use different pronouns and interjections.Also, in informal speech, men tend to use yo or zo at the end of sentences for emphasis, whereas women will use wa, for example: bok wa Eigo ga hanaseru yo/zo! (said by a man)

HOW THE LANGUAGE WORKS

terebi o mite, sorekara benkyo shimas

[polite prefix + ‘family’ + sub. part. + polite prefix + ‘well’ + question part.]

are your family all well?

285

HOW THE LANGUAGE WORKS

Women also tend to use emotional interjections more than men, such as ‘kawai’ (cute!) or ‘suteki!’ (marvellous!). To express surprise when meeting somebody unexpectedly, women tend to say ‘ma!’ or ‘ara!’, which are never used by men, who tend to say ‘ya!’ or ‘o!’.

Counting Japanese has two sets of numbers from one to ten: set 1

set 2

■ Counting

1 ichi hitotsu 2 ni futatsu 3 san mit·tsu 4 yon/shi* yot·tsu 5 go itsutsu 6 roku mut·tsu 7 nana/shichi* nanatsu 8 hachi yat·tsu 9 kyu/ku* kokonotsu 10 ju to The first set is used when referring to expressions of time, quantities and measurements.They are used with the classifiers on the opposite page or with count words such as ‘minute’, ‘yen’ etc: go-fun

ichijikan mae

five minutes

an hour ago

gozen shichiji ni

ju-en

at 7am 10 yen * The alternative numerals in the first set above must be used in the following time expressions: yoji

shichiji

kuji

four o’clock seven o’clock nine o’clock The second set of numbers is used for counting any other things not mentioned above.The number is placed after the

286

biru futats, onegai shimas

kip·p o sam-mai, kudasai

[‘car two’ + classifier]

[‘ticket’ + ob. part. + ‘three’ + classifier + ‘please’]

two cars

three tickets, please

Counting

kuruma ni-dai

■

two beers, please If you use the two sets of numbers in the way described above, this will be acceptable, but a further method of counting, using a counting word known as a classifier, is more commonly used. Classifiers equate roughly to English words like ‘glassful’,‘cupful’,‘bottle of ’,‘sheets of ’ etc. Nouns or groups of nouns in Japanese have specific classifiers which are used when they are counted or quantified. The most common classifiers are: -dai machines, cars, bikes, stereos -hai glassfuls, cupfuls -hiki animals -hon pens, cigarettes, other cylindrical objects -ko fruit, cakes, eggs and small chunky objects -mai pieces of paper, tickets, other things that are thin and flat -nin people -sats books -tsu letters

HOW THE LANGUAGE WORKS

object and is used without a count word (like ‘minute’) or a classifier:

Nihon·go no hon o go-satsu kaimashita [‘Japanese of book’ + ob. part. + ‘five’ + classifier + ‘bought’]

I bought five Japanese books majan wa yo-nin de shimasu [‘mahjong’ + sub. part. + ‘four’ + classifier + ‘by do’]

mahjong is played by four people There is only one set of numbers above ten. See pages 292293.

287

HOW THE LANGUAGE WORKS

Dates The word order for dates is: year – month – day There are two common ways of counting years in Japanese. The Western system is used thus: sen-kyu-hyaku-kyu-ju-hachi-nen

ni-sen-ichi-nen

[thousand-nine-hundreds-nine-tens-eight-year]

[two-thousand-one-year]

1998

2001

There is also a traditional system of counting from the first year of the current emperor’s reign. The Heisei period (of Emperor Akihito) began in 1989:

■

Heisei ni-nen

Heisei ju-nen

[Heisei two year]

[Heisei ten year]

second year of Heisei (1990) tenth year of Heisei (1998) Dates

Kugatsu tsuitachi

Junigatsu futsuka

[nine-month (September) first]

[twelve-month (December) second]

the first of September

the second of December

ni-sen-ichi-nen Gogatsu san-ju-nichi [two-thousand-one-year five-month (May) thirtieth]

the thirtieth of May 2001 Heisei ju-nen Rokgats ni-ju san-ichi [Heise-ten-year six-month (June) twenty-third]

the twenty-third of June 1998

Dates are formed using the versions of the ordinal numbers below: 1st 2nd 3rd 4th

288

tsuitachi futska mik·ka yok·ka

)* +, -. /0

Dates

12 34 56 78 9: ;< =>? @AB CDE FGH IJK LMN OPQ RST UVW XYZ [\]^ _`ab cdef ghij klmn opqr stuv wxyz {|}~ ¡¢£ ¤¥¦§

■

itska muika nanoka yoka kokonoka toka ju-ichi-nichi ju-ni-nichi ju-san-nichi ju-yok·ka ju-go-nichi ju-rok-nichi ju-shichi-nichi ju-hachi-nichi ju-ku-nichi hatska ni-ju-ichi nichi ni-ju-ni-nichi ni-ju-san-nichi ni-ju-yok·ka ni-ju-go-nichi ni-ju-rok-nichi ni-ju-shichi-nichi ni-ju-hachi-nichi ni-ju-ku-nichi san-ju-nichi san-ju-ichi-nichi

HOW THE LANGUAGE WORKS

5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th 11th 12th 13th 14th 15th 16th 17th 18th 19th 20th 21st 22nd 23rd 24th 25th 26th 27th 28th 29th 30th 31st

Japanese ordinals are written using the Chinese characters (kanji) above if writing vertically; otherwise, when writing left to right, Arabic numbers can be used instead.

289

HOW THE LANGUAGE WORKS

Days Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday

■ Days / Months / Time

Getsuyobi Kayobi Suiyobi Moku·yobi Kin·yobi Doyobi Nichiyobi

¨©ª «¬° ®¯° ±²³ ´µ¶ ¸¹º »¼½

Ichigatsu Nigatsu San·gatsu Shigatsu Gogatsu Rokgatsu Shichigatsu Hachigatsu Kugatsu Jugatsu Juichigatsu Junigatsu

¾¿ ÀÁ Âà ÄÅ ÆÇ ÈÉ ÊË ÌÍ ÎÏ ÐÑ ÒÓÔ ÕÖ×

Months January February March April May June July August September October November December

Time what time is it? ima nanji desu ka? ØÙÚÛÜÝÞ it’s one o’clock ichiji desu ßàáâ it’s two o’clock niji desu äåæç at one o’clock ichiji ni !"# at two o’clock niji ni $%& five past one ichiji go-fun '()*

290

HOW THE LANGUAGE WORKS ■ Time

ten past one ichiji jup·pun +,-. quarter past one ichiji ju-go-fun /0123 quarter past two niji ju-go-fun 45678 half past one ichiji-han 9:; half past two niji-han quarter to one ichiji ju-go-fun mae ?@ABCD quarter to two niji ju-go-fun mae EFGHIJ twenty to one ichiji nijup·pun mae KLMNOP ten to two niji jup·pun mae QRSTU am gozen VW pm gogo XY at 1am gozen ichiji ni Z[\]^ at 1pm gogo ichiji ni _`abc 13.00 ju-sanji def 14.00 ju-yoji ghi 18.30 ju-hachiji sanjup·pun jklmno noon shogo pq midnight mayonaka rst hour jikan uv minute fun w one minute ip·pun xy two minutes ni-fun z{ second byo | quarter of an hour ju-go-fun }~¡ half an hour san-jup·pun ¢£¤ three quarters of an hour yon-ju-go-fun ¥¦§¨

Minutes are expressed by adding -fun (minute) to the numbers below. This sometimes changes to -pun depending on the preceding sound: ni-fun

go-fun

jup·pun

two minutes

five minutes

ten minutes

291

HOW THE LANGUAGE WORKS ■ Numbers

292

Numbers See Counting pages 286. 0 zero 1 ichi 2 ni 3 san 4 shi 5 go 6 rok 7 shichi 8 hachi 9 kyu 10 ju 11 ju-ichi 12 ju-ni 13 ju-san 14 ju-shi 15 ju-go 16 ju-rok 17 ju-shichi 18 ju-hachi 19 ju-kyu 20 ni-ju 21 ni-ju-ichi 22 ni-ju-ni 30 san-ju 31 san-ju-ichi 32 san-ju-ni 40 yon-ju 50 go-ju 60 rok-ju

©ª « ¬ ­ ® ¯ ° ± ² ³ ´ µ¶ ¸¹ º» ¼½ ¾¿ ÀÁ Âà ÄÅ ÆÇ ÈÉ ÊËÌ ÍÎÏ ÐÑ ÒÓÔ ÕÖ× ØÙ ÚÛ ÜÝ

70 shichi-ju 80 hachi-ju 90 kyu-ju 100 hyak 101 hyak-ichi 102 hyak-ni 200 ni-hyak 1,000 sen 2,000 ni-sen 3,000 san-zen 4,000 yon-sen 5,000 go-sen 10,000* ichi-man 20,000 ni-man 1,000,000

hyaku-man

Þß àá âã ä åæ çè éê ë ìí îï ðñ Úñ %& '( )*

10,000,000

is·sem·man

+,-

100,000,000

ichi-oku

./

*For 10,000 and above, use man instead of sen. Japanese numbers are written using the Chinese characters (kanji) above if writing vertically; otherwise, when writing left to right, Arabic numbers can be used instead.

In Japanese, the words used for the dates (1st of March etc) and the ordinals in English sense (for example, ‘third chair from the window’) are different. The English ordinals can usually be translated by adding -bam·me to numbers.

012 345 678 9:; ?@A BCD EFG HIJ KLM

■

1st ichi-bam·me 2nd ni-bam·me 3rd san-bam·me 4th yon-bam·me 5th go-bam·me 6th rok-bam·me 7th nana-bam·me 8th hachi-bam·me 9th kyu-bam·me 10th jyu-bam·me

HOW THE LANGUAGE WORKS

Ordinals

See pages 288-289 for the set of ordinals used to form dates. Numbers

293

HOW THE LANGUAGE WORKS

Conversion Tables 1 centimetre = 0.39 inches

1 inch = 2.54 cm

1 metre = 39.37 inches = 1.09 yards

1 foot = 30.48 cm

1 kilometre = 0.62 miles = 5/8 mile

1 yard = 0.91 m

km

30

1 mile = 1.61 km miles miles km

1

2

3

4

5

0.6

1.2

1.9

2.5

3.1

1

2

3

4

1.6

3.2

4.8

6.4

100 250 500

oz

3.5 8.75 17.5

20

40

50

100

6.2 12.4 18.6 24.8 31.0 62.1

5

10

20

30

40

50

100

8.0 16.1 32.2 48.3 64.4 80.5 161

1 gram = 0.035 ounces g

10

1 kilo = 1000 g = 2.2 pounds 1 oz = 28.35 g 1 lb = 0.45 kg

■ C o n v e r s i o n Ta b l e s

kg

0.5

1

2

3

lb

1.1

2.2

4.4

6.6

8.8 11.0 13.2 15.4 17.6 19.8 22.0

5

6

60

70

7

80

8

20

30

40

50

lb

44

66

88

110 132 154 176 198 220

lb

0.5

1

2

3

4

5

6

kg

0.2

0.5

0.9

1.4

1.8

2.3

2.7

90

9

kg

7

10

100

8

3.2 3.6

9

10

20

4.1

4.5

9.0

1 litre = 1.75 UK pints / 2.13 US pints 1 UK pint = 0.57 l 1 US pint = 0.47 l

1 UK gallon = 4.55 l 1 US gallon = 3.79 l

centigrade / Celsius

°C = (°F - 32) x 5/9

°C

-5

0

5

10

15

18

20

25

30

36.8

°F

23

32

41

50

59

64

68

77

86

98.4 100.4

Fahrenheit

294

4

38

°F = (°C x 9/5) + 32

°F

23

32

40

50

60

65

70

80

85

98.4 101

°C

-5

0

4

10

16

18

21

27

29

36.8 38.3

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