The Role of Mahatma Gandhi in the Freedom Movement of India
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Role of Gandhi...
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THE ROLE OF MAHATMA GANDHI IN THE FREEDOM MOVEMENT OF INDIA
The father of the Nation. Mahatma Gandhi was one of these great men who dedicated their whole life to the service of the mankind.Like Buddha and Christ before him he too was born to carry the message of peace truth and Non!violence to the strife turn world. "e was born on #ctober $.%&'( ).*. in a trading family of porbander a small town in +athiawara. "is full name was Mohan *as +aram Chand Gandhi and his father was the *iwan of ,a-kot.)fter passing his matriculation eamination he was sent to /ngland and he came back to 0ndia in %&(1 ).*. as a Barrister. There after he stayed in 2outh )frica for over $$ years and thereafter served the people of 0ndia for over thirty years. "e deserves the credit of obtaining freedom for 0ndia as he was the 2upreme leader of the Congress from %(%( to %(34 ).*. and it was he who played the most prominent part in the national struggle.Gandhi-i entered the 0ndian politics in %(%( ).*. 5hen the British Government passed the ,owlatt )ct. Before that he had served the 0ndian settlers in 2outh )frica for $$ years 6%&(7! %(%8 ).*.9 There the 0ndians were treated like coolies and were not allowed even to board such a compartment in!which a /uropean might be travelling.The Government also denied them the right to vote and sub-ected them to other humiliating laws. They had to register themselves and pay various un-ust taes. )s such they were treated like a tribe of criminals. Gandhi-i fought against un-ust laws bolly. "e was several times mercilessly beaten and physically is laboured and arrested but he remained firm on his determination.)t last the 2outh )frica Government had to accept several of his demands. )fter his successful fight in 2outh )frican Gandhi-i returned to 0ndia in %(%8 ).*. 5here he soon plunged in to the political field. "e led the :reedom Movement up to %(34 ).*. 5hen 0ndia became free. That is why most historians call this period 6between %(%( and %(349 as the Gandhian /ra. 6b9 Gandhi-i;s ,ole in the National Movement or Methods adopted by Mahatma Gandhi to make the 0ndian National Movement a mass movement. Gandhi-i;s role in the National Movement of 0ndia was undoubtedly the most remarkable. :ront %(%( to %(34 ).*. "e left no stone unturned in the fight for 0ndia;s freedom. *uring this period he personally led the Movement and w hen in -ail he gave the directions from inside."is chief contribution to the National Movement is this that he made the 0ndian National Movement a mass Movement. "is services rendered to the cause of 0ndia;s freedom are unforgettable which can be enumerated below. (I) Satyagrah against the Rowlatt Act: )fter 5orld 5ar 0. The British Government passed the ,owlatt ,owlatt )ct in %(%( ).*. which aimed at at suppressing the Nationalist Movement with an iron land and to arrest and imprison without trial both the "indus and Muslims came out to oppose this )ct in response to a call given by Gandhi-i..+. Bhandar"ar, the rientalist, N.+. /handa&ar"ar, the nationalist reformer, Phero?eshah !ehta, +.=. +o"hale, Dinshaw :a%ha and !.=. +andhi. Soon after 'rad#ation in 1845, he was appointed as the Nati&e ead ssistant at the -lphinstone )nstit#te, Bombay. )n 1850 he be%ame an ssistant Professor of !athemati%s and Nat#ral Philosophy at the -lphinstone /olle'e, Bombay. e was the first )ndian to be appointed Professor at this /olle'e. e ta#'ht in the spe%ial %lasses held for the spread of women$s ed#%ation. )n !ar%h 185, he was nominated as Professor of +#jarati in the ni&ersity /olle'e, 3ondon, a post he %ontin#ed to hold till 185@. D#rin' this period Dadabhai too" a "een interest in and labo#red hard for the spread of ed#%ation. )n 1855@5, he be%ame a b#siness partner and too" %har'e of the 3ondon Bran%h of /ama and /o., and also be%ame a member of the !an%hester /otton s#pply sso%iation, 7#rther, he too" an a%ti&e part in the deliberation of the /o#n%il of 3i&erpool, the thenae#m and the National )ndian sso%iation. )n 185 he fo#nded, alon' with :./. Bonnerjee, the 3ondon )ndia So%iety and be%ame its President. e %ontin#ed as President till 10, when he ret#rned to )ndia. hereafter, till his death he remained as its onorary President$. )n 181 he established the 3ondon ;oroastrian sso%iation. )n 182 he separated from /ama and /o., and started his own b#siness in the name of Dadabhai Naoroji A /o. n 1De%ember 18 he fo#nded the -ast )ndia sso%iation, 3ondon, whose s%ope for a%ti&ity was wider, and be%ame its Se%retary. )n 14 he was appointed the Dewan of Baroda and a year later, on a%%o#nt of differen%es with the !aharaja and the >esident, he resi'ned the Dewanship. )n 6#ly 185 he was ele%ted a !ember of the !#ni%ipal /orporation, Bombay, and in September of the same year, he was ele%ted to the own /o#n%il of the /orporation. )n 18 he resi'ned and left for 3ondon. e was appointed as 6#sti%e of the Pea%e in 188 and was ele%ted to the Bombay !#ni%ipal /orporation for the se%ond time. )n #'#st 1885 he joined the Bombay 3e'islati&e /o#n%il at the in&itation of the +o&ernor, 3ord >ea y. n 1 6an#ary 1885, when the Bombay Presiden%y sso%iation %ame into bein', he was ele%ted as one of its Ci%e@ Presidents. t the end of the same year, he too" a leadin' part in the fo#ndin' of the )ndian National /on'ress and be%ame its President thri%e, in 188, 18 and 10. D#rin' this period, he was en'a'ed in other important a%ti&ities. )n 18 he 'a&e e&iden%e before the Parliamentary /ommittee on )ndian 7inan%e, the 7aw%ett /ommittee, whi%h was appointed thro#'h his efforts. ere he so#'ht to pro&e that the in%iden%e of tas. 20@. )n 188 he had started a newspaper %alled the Coi%e of )ndia. )n 188 he 'a&e e&iden%e before the P#bli% Ser&i%e /ommission. )n
102 he was ele%ted as a !ember of the 3iberal Party in the o#se of /ommons, representin' /entral 7insb#ry. e was a firm belie&er in parliamentary demo%ra%y and he tho#'ht that he sho#ld espo#se the %a#se of )ndian freedom on the floor of the /ommons. )n 18 he was appointed a !ember of the >oyal /ommission on )ndian -aiIs family was far from affl#entK his 'randfather, 3ala >ala >am, was a shop"eeper, and his father, 3ala >adha =ishan, an rd# tea%her in a +o&ernment s%hool. 3ajpat >ai had three brothers, Dhanpat >ai, >anpat >ai and Dalpat >ai. e was married to >adha De&i F18G who %ame from an ''arwal family of issar. e had two sons, mrit >ai, Pyare 3al, and one da#'hter, Par&ati. 3ajpat >ai st#died first at the &illa'e s%hool and then at the !ission i'h S%hools at 3#dhiana and mbala. e passed the !atri%#lation eaiIs father was well@&ersed in rd# and Persian lan'#a'es, had 'reat respe%t for )slam, fasted and prayed li"e a !#slim, b#t did not embra%e )slam lar'ely d#t to his wifeIs atta%hment to the ind# and Si"h faiths.
he rya Samaj mo&ement, a &ital for%e in the P#njab in the late nineteenth and early twentieth %ent#ry, had a tremendo#s appeal for 3ajpat >ai Fhe had met Swami Dayanand at fo#rteenG, who %ame #nder its infl#en%e from his st#dent days. )t was 3ajpat >aiIs atta%hment to the rya Samaj whi%h led his father also to &eer ro#nd to ind#ism. he rya Samaj wor" bro#'ht 3ajpat >ai into %lose to#%h with 3ala /h#ra !ani and Pandit 3a"hpat >ai at issar, and 3ala Sain Dass, !ahatma ans >aj and Pandit +#r# Datt at 3ahore. 3ajpat >aiIs politi%al a%ti&ity be'an from 1888 when he joined the /on'ress session at llahabad. )n the early part of his politi%al %areer, his interest was %onfined to so%ial and ed#%ational reforms, b#t his &iews on politi%s %han'ed radi%ally as a res#lt of the hasty and ill@%on%ei&ed meas#res tr#st on the %o#ntry by the habit of dri&in' his reformin' plo#'h onward a little too ro#'hly. e %riti%ised /#r?onIs system of 'o&ernment as despoti%, and also disli"ed the moderate poli%y of the /on'ress in the fa%e of +o&ernment hi'hhandedness. e re'arded the pra%ti%e of passin' lon'@winded pio#s resol#tions and ma"in' petitions as Imendi%an%yI and totally obsolete, and shared B.+. ila"Is &iews abo#t fi'htin' the British thro#'h mass a'itation, #se of Swadeshi and Boy%ott of forei'n %loth. e de%lared, I) a m a Swadeshi.I e or'anised bi' meetin's in the P#njab, tra&elled widely, raised f#nds for the national %a#se and eai and +opal =rishna went to -n'land as dele'ates of the /on'ress to ed#%ate British p#bli% opinion on the )ndian sit#ation and won the s#pport of 3abo#r, Demo%rati% and so%ialist parties. t the Benares /on'ress in De%ember 105, 3ajpat >ai se%onded a resol#tion on the boy%ott of -n'lish %loth in a for%ef#l spee%h. )n 10 he or'anised and led a massi&e a'rarian mo&ement in P#njab, for whi%h he was deported, alon' with jit Sin'h, to B#rma #nder >e'#lation ))) of 1818. is %onfinement in B#rma 'a&e him time for solitary ta#'ht and he absorbed himself in the st#dy of the freedom mo&ements in )ndia and other %o#ntries Fhe st#died some of the primary wor"s on the 185 >ebellion in )ndia at this timeG, and prepared %opio#s notes whi%h he #sed later for E#otations in his spee%hes and writin's. e 'a&e in his writin's elaborate fi'#res ill#stratin' life@e
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