The Impact of Computer Technology on Accounting System and Its Effect on Employment

IMPACT OF COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY ON ACCOUNTING SYSTEMS AND ITS EFFECT ON EMPLOYMENT.

TABLE OF CONTENT Title page Approval page Dedication Abstract Acknowledgement Table of contents List of figures

Chapter one 1.0 Introduction 1.1 Background of the study 1.2 State of the problem 1.3 Objectives of the study 1.4 Significance of the study 1.5 Scope and limitations of the study

1.6 Research Questions 1.7 Definition of terms

Chapter two 2.0 Literature review 2.1 Some

applications

of

computer

technology in Nigeria 2.2 Union

Response

to

the

technological

changes 2.3 Implications of technological changes on employees 2.4 Specific

implication

of

application to employment.

Chapter three 3.0 Research methodology

computer

3.1 Research methodology used 3.2 Description of Respondents 3.3 Determination of sample size 3.4 Sources of Data 3.5 Methods of investigation

Chapter four 4.0 Presentation,

analysis

and

interpretation of data 4.1 Data analysis

Chapter five 5.0 Summary

of

findings,

recommendation 5.1 Summary of findings 5.2 Conclusion

conclusion

and

5.3 Recommendation Bibliography Appendix a.

Survey questionnaire

b.

Interview questionnaire

c.

Chi-square distribution table

CHAPTER ONE 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Days are when most accounting operations and decisions that have to be made on or from them are on first hand basis. This is because accounting operators and decision makers

are

accounting collected,

in

close

contact

operations analysed

and

and

with as

such such,

interpreted

data

from such operations for decision making.

Today,

as

company

and

educational

operations expand in size and complexity, company

executives

grow

further

removed

from

first

hand

contact

with

business

scenes. They are to rely increasingly on second

hand

happening business

information

at

the

about

various

operations2,

what

stages

vis-à-vis

is of

research

and development, production, marketing and consumption of goods and services. Since decisions

that

executives

are

have of

to

profound

be

made

by

consequences

and have to be based on highly fragmented and typically tenous information, then it is of great importance that such secondhand information is from a very accurate and reliable sources3.

According

to

A.$.

fapohunda,

to

remedy

these accurate information difficulties in 1963,

sears

began

twenty

–

regional

two

covering

the

entire

establishing computer unites

their centers

states

of

America4. initially, the regional computer systems

processed

customers

credit

accounts and general accounting data.

Later,

merchandising

information

from

system

and

inventory

were

established

to provide information that the business accounting are

world

also

technological

and

busy and

business

operations

expanding

industrial

bases

their 6

by

breaking into new grounds and improving in

existing

ones

through

the

use

of

computers.

With the introduction of computer to many business areas

applications,

that

involve

those

repeated

business

tasks

which

are often monotonous and fallible to human errors

(cash,

inventory

control,

payroll

and etc) are increasingly being simplified accurately

by

effectiveness, efficiency, the

combining

the

cost,

simplicity

of

use,

reliability

computer

to

obtain,

interpret

data

business

decisions.

organizations

and

information

being

accuracy analyze

of and

for

efficient

Nigerian

business

to

grow

in

size,

business

operations

and

processes

become

increasingly complex, hence computers are being rapidly introduced to cope with the overwhelming

demands

growth.

Though

computer

to

the

many

of

business

and

introduction

of

facets

of

business

operations is a welcome idea, its use is further

implicated

on

accounting

system

and as such organizations need to strike a balance manually limit

between

accounting

operated the

unemployment.

so

menance

as

to

areas

to

be

control

or

associated

with

Some of the business operations to which computer

has

been

successfully

introduced;-7 -

Printing

graphic

designs

of

complicated nature. -

Payroll system.

-

Billing system.

-

Predict election result.

-

Mark

examination

results

such

as

JAMB and WAEC. -

Control inventories.

-

Predict performance of an aircraft or missile still.

-

On drawing boards.

-

To

calculate the

critical path

of

most efficient assignment of troops or problems and so on. It

therefore

technological

becomes

important

changes

such

that

as

the

introduction of computers in organizations be carefully evaluated so that the gains in technical efficiency are not made at the

expense

integration

of of

the

employees.8.

circumstances,

then

implication

computer

accounting

of

well-being

system

of

a

study

In

the

of

the

introduction

business

and

to

operations

is not only timely but mandatory so as to avoid some of the problems associated with technological changes in organizations.

This research is however, limited to the implication accounting using

of

system

A.G.

Computer

computer of

business

Leventis

Centre

introduction

and

as

to

operations

Pak

–

Micro

computerized

model

organizations.

1.1(a)

HISTORICAL

LEVENTIS

PLC

BACKGROUND

AND

PAK-MICRO

OF

A.G.

COMPUTERS

INTERNATIONAL LTD. A.G.

Leventis

incorporated public

in

(Nigeria)

in

1958.

1978,

and

Nigeria Stock Exchange.

This is

PLC company

quoted

on

was went the

It

provides

secretarial

properties, and

share

company

registration

services. Industrial and public relations services,

legal

services,

financial

management and other services to all the companies under the group.

This

company

functional

has

an

ultra

electronic

data

modern

and

processing

centre in Lagos where most of the group’s data are processed with an “OLIVETTI SP 600

Computer”

terminals

which

has

located

departments/companies

a

network

at of

Iddo

of

various House

Head

Office data input and output. Some of the areas

of

computer

application

include

Accounts Receivable, Inventory and General Ledger package used by A.G. Leventis and company (Nig) PLC, Leventis Technical PLC.

There is payroll system for the staff and all managers in the group. Other areas of computer

application

include

inventory,

billing and share registration.

Leventis stores – formerly a legal entity is

now

a

company merger

division

(Nig) in

PC

1995.

of

A.G.

after This

Leventis

the

and

successful

division

has

an

“Olivetti SP 600 computer located at Malu Road,

Apapa

which

handles

the

inventory

control of Leventis stores throughout the

country as well as the account receivable and general ledger of leventis stores.

Pak – Micro International Ltd is a group name

with

Data

Training

Institute

and

Master Maintenance Under it. It has its Headquarters

at

Lagos,

77

Ikorodu

Road,

Fadeyi. Regional office in Enugu, 31 Ogui Road, Enugu.

Paks

–

Micro

specializes

in

computer

sales, installation, maintenance, account receivable,

inventory

registration, development

and

and

training Bureau

services.

share software Because

of the nature of its business, the company

has

the

following

sections

sales,

maintenance and bureau services, software development

laboratory,

training

section

(DPI). Each section has its own manager. The master maintenance is a civil Engineer contracting firm with its General Manager.

1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM The

importance

accounting

of

section

personnel of

an

in

the

organization

cannot be over emphasized especially when one

remembers

personnel

the

support

the

facts

that

organization

these from

its small scale to the large scale stage when it begins to introduce computers to many of its hitherto manual operations.

However,

an

organization

has

the

obligation of profit making and as such promptness

of

speed,

effectiveness,

cost

information,

accuracy,

becomes

prime

factors to the organizations.

The problem of this study is therefore to find out whether or not the introduction of

computer

technology

to

accounting

systems of business operations has reduced the output of the accounting sections at A.G. Leventis PLC and Pak – Micro computer centre.

1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

The purpose of this research work is to find out and evaluate the implication of computer sections

introduction of

business

to

Accounting

operation

with

particular reference to A.G. Leventis PLC and Pak – Micro International as some of the

largest

organizations

in

Nigeria

today.

The study will also attempt to find out the efficiency and effectiveness of such application

to

overall

capabilities in decision making.

1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

management

This

research

understanding

work of

one

implications

of

accounting

system.

obtained

will

provides of

computer

be

the

clear social

application

The

useful

a

on

information

to

management,

consultants,

about

unions,

professional,

students,

shareholders,

investors,

institute

of

higher

learning,

training

managers, economist, the government and so on.

The

study

will

also

be

significant

to

other organizations willing to computerize their accounting operations as well as to A.G. Leventis Plc and Pak – Micro computer centre.

1.5 SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF STUDY For the purpose of this study, the impact of

computer

technology

on

accounting

system will in scope be limited to A.G. Levenits and Pak – micro Computer. Both of them are of Enugu Branch. This is because of

it’s

areas

and

many

computerized

therefore

makes

application for

better

study.

The

researcher

encountered

some

problems

which stood as limitations to this study. Such problems include, time available for this study, time to generate primary data from

such

large

organizations.

Other

limitations include the rigor of having to move

around

Enugu

and

also

problem

of

combining, course work, research work and a full time job among other things.

1.6 RESEARCH QUESTIONS The following research questions form the basic postulate of the study:1.

Has

computer

introduction

had

any

impact on accounting system? 2.

Has computer introduction made the accountant’s job easier?

3.

Has more

computer

introduction

accounting

same staff?

provided

information

with

4.

Has computer introduction made the storing and retrieval of accounting information faster.

5.

Has computer introduction made the accountant more efficient?

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