The Homeopathic Bowel Nosodes

pioneered by Pasteur and Koch, much as genetics is today. Introduction Homeopathy was in the shadow of The Bowel Nosodes are a series of the apparent success of the new "Inside our own bodies, we are outnumbered nine to one" homeopathic remedies made from wonder-drugs, antibiotics so it is no human intestinal flora, developed first 3rd Year Project for the Irish School of Homoeopathy. surprise that this influenced by Dr. Edward Bach and continued Homeopathy which, through Swan, Mark O'Sullivan, June '07 by John Patterson and his wife, was already making extensive use of www.homeopath.ie Elizabeth from 1920 until 1960. nosodes in association with These remedies were used chiefly in Hahnammanian miasmatic theory. British Homeopathic practice but after Bach came to identify the bacteria some years of neglect they are gaining more favour, especially now with the issues of allergies and antibiotic damage prevalent in today's patients. that he had discovered with the Psoric miasm.

The Homœopathic Bowel Nosodes

Their field of action is much broader than their name suggests, with indicating symptoms arising from the whole system rather than just the bowel. Bach discovered that certain non-lactose fermenting bacteria were more prevalent in the stool of sick people than in healthy people. This led him to type these bacteria and investigate their connection with pathology. Up until this point, these bacteria had been ignored even to the point of being unnamed and generally regarded as harmless.

Dr. Edward Bach

Initially, Bach created conventional vaccines from these cultures and administered them to patients. However, after reading The Organon while working at the London Homeopathic Hospital in 1919 as house pathologist and assistant bacteriologist, he was struck by the connections between conventional vaccine theory and the Homeopathic Law of Similars and sought to link the two disciplines.

It was then that he began administering the vaccines as potentised nosodes to his patients orally and over a period of ten years gathered clinical data from 500 cases which he At the time there was an exponential claimed demonstrated a 95% rate of growth in the investigation of bacteria and their association with disease. It was improvement with their use. conventional medicine's new frontier, Page 1 of 19

John Paterson

In 1928 Bach left London on a quest to discover new natural cures which led him to Mt. Vernon in Oxfordshire and the development of the Bach Flower Remedies. A further innovation in their own right.

conventional perspective, Paterson regarded large amounts of nonlactose fermenting bacteria in the stool as being a positive, healthy sign that the patient was eliminating them successfully and found that this was the case after the administration of the patient's constitutional remedy.

John Paterson, who had assisted Bach in his research, continued the work after 1928. He refined the discoveries and their clinical indications, added more remedies, formulated theory and guidelines for using the remedies in practice. He potentised the diplococcic intestinal bacteria, similar in nature to Gonorrhea, associated it with the Sycotic Miasm and successfully used this Sycotic compound to treat the GI's Gonorrhea during the war. After his death in 1955, his wife Elizabeth continued the work for nine years, collating clinical data, making presentations and writing papers. Throughout this work, neither Bach nor Paterson saw the bacterium as being the cause of pathology but rather a concomitant or reflection of it. Paterson saw the bacteria as the scavengers of disease and their presence in the stool as being of constitutional significance. The disordered vital force of the patient alters their susceptibility and the intestinal flora changes in accordance with this. Contrary to the

Non-lactose fermenting bacteria not are not unequivocally pathological per se, some of which serve useful functions in the breakdown of complex carbohydrates. They can make a diseased situation worse in that they tend to impair the assimilation of food, acidify the environment of the gut, making it more habitable for parasites and fungi and less so for healthier, more symbiotic bacteria. They also produce more toxic substances as wastes such as Hydrogen Sulphide and histamines and even perforate the gut wall as they proliferate. Insufficient nutrition and assimilation are part of these remedies' pictures as a result as well as the presence of other parasites such as yeasts and worms. Lactose fermenting bacteria in the gut, such as L.acidophilis, L.casei and Bifidobacterium have a broad spectrum of benefits, which will be outlined in more detail below.

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Paterson's conclusions at the centre of this page, were reached after extensive research into the effects of homeopathic remedies on bowel flora. He noticed that when a patient undergoing treatment was experiencing improvement and felt better in themselves, the amount of pathogenic bacteria yielded in their stool increased.

Directions on the use of the Bowel Nosodes 1. The specific organism is related to the disease 2. The specific organism is related to the homeopathic remedy 3. The homeopathic remedy is related to the disease

From the conventional point of view, this meant the patient had a disease and should not be feeling better at all. It contradicted the germ theory of disease espoused by Pasteur and others. Paterson concluded that the germs in the stool were the result of the action of the vital force of the patient as stimulated by the remedy administered. The patient was eliminating harmful germs as part of a curative process as his vital force strengthened. By this logic, Paterson was able to map out the relationships between the specific non-lactose fermenting bacteria that had increased in the patient's stool to the remedies that had been administered. In this way, each one of the Bowel Nosodes were assigned associated remedies arising from clinical experience, removing the need for homeopathic practitioners to have the stool samples of their patients examined.

Case Strategy Paterson suggested the following indications for the use of the Bowel Nosodes.

I.

New Case: For a patient who has not received homeopathic treatment the indicted remedy should be given and not the

nosode. Where a tricky choice lies between a number of different remedies and most of those fall within those associated with a Bowel Nosode, the nosode may be given. II. Old Case: For a patient who has undergone homeopathic treatment for a while and is no longer responding satisfactorily, a study can be made of their clinical history and the nosode associated with most of the effective remedies administered may be given. Even if there is no movement in the case after the nosode, the patient's response to subsequent remedies will be more beneficial.

The remedies associated with each bowel nosode are listed with the description of each one of these remedies below.

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Warnings

The Remedies Listed below are descriptions of the

1. Never Mix Bowel Nosodes 2. Don't repeat a Bowel Nosode within three months 3. Don't give a Bowel Nosode when the stool count for nonlactose fermenting bacteria is 50% or higher and rising

major Bowel Nosodes with a mind map and description for each one. The associated polychrests for each nosode are listed on the mind maps. They are as follows: I.

Morgan Pure

These are deep-acting remedies that

II. Morgan Gaertner

alter the homoeostasis of the patients

III. Gaertner

digestive metabolism, with all that that

IV. Proteus

entails for the assimilation of food,

V. Sycotic Co.

allergic reactions and flow of essential VI. Dysentry Co.

nutrients to the body. A nosode should not be repeated within three months to allow for it to act. If a remedy is necessary give one from the group of medicines associated with the nosode. Similarly, mixing the

The “Minor” Bowel Nosodes of B. No 7, No. 10, Faecalis and Mutable are

nosodes can be too much change for the body to handle and may

outside of the remit of this project in this version, being little prescribed

produce severe reactions, particularly when there is challenging

and mostly of historical interest.

pathology present. In the case where the stool count of non-lactose fermenting bacteria is over 50% and rising, the patient is actually getting better on the existing treatment and no additional remedies are required. Page 4 of 19

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Enterobacteriacae Moganella

outstanding action is on the skin. It is

morganii

famous for Dry, itching, hot, red, raw

Moran Pure is Bach's original

Morgan Pure

“Morgan” group of intestinal flora renamed “pure” by Patterson to

“Congestion”

differentiate it from “Morgan

and irritating skin conditions such as acne, boils, psoriasis and excema together with dry, weeping cracks and fissures. Their skin is sensitive especially to the sun and from

Gaertner”, which he developed as a

wearing wool. Once can see why the

sub-group of Bach's original Morgan

leading remedy associated with this

Co. It is one of the most frequently

nosode is Sulphur.

prescribed of the Bowel Nosodes reflecting that bacteria from the

From congestion there is sudden

Morgan group are the most numerous in most stool samples.

explosion in the form of bilious attacks, the hot flashes of the

On a mental level there is gloomy introspection with great anxiety about health, depression that can extend to a suicidal disposition (by

menopause and the violent pains of renal colic and calculi. They are also prone to attacks of Jaundice, heartburn and burning pains in the stomach and throat. Kidney stones are a big indication for this remedy.

jumping) with the paradox of

Their circulation is sluggish & congested, with high blood pressure,

desiring to be alone despite being

varicose veins & ulcers and easy bruising.

anxious and fearful while being so. Hence it's appearance the rubric “MIND FEAR alone, of being company, with aversion to, yet fears to be alone”. They can't stop thinking about their diseases and will let you know how much they are suffering and that you should be suffering along with them. They are insomniacs who must have total darkness to sleep, to the point of wearing blindfolds. Congestion and Explosiveness are keynotes of Morgan Pure and its

Female symtoms include poils and polyps of the vulva, vagina and anus leading to painful coition. They get offensive, corrosive Leuchorrhea in green, brown or yellow hues. The picture is congested and irritable, with so many “-itis” conditions of the air passages in the head and chest, genito-urinary tract, skin and mucous membranes. They get bronchitis and Pneumonia – one indication for this remedy is NBWS Pneumonia or protracted convalescence.

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Morgan Gaertner is closely related to

urticarial eruptions on their

the Lycopodium state – a bilious

extremities.

remedy acerbic and irritable with much criticism and nit-picking. They are critical and censorious with a

Morgan Gaertner

Gastrointestinally, they are more

“Irritation”

constipation, which they get from

Pissed off

emotional excitement and there is

short temper, jealous and apprehensive. Their sleep is disturbed

prone to diarrhoea than

the signature extreme, smelly

by night terrors which make them cry

flatulence which causes

out. They are nervous nail biters who,

uncomfortable distension. They

in extreme states experience nervous

have hard, dry stool in constipation

breakdown.

and can get itchy, painful haemmorrhoids.

They fear crowds, like many of the Bowel Nosode pictures, and suffer

The keynote “irritation” extends to dozens of “-itis” conditions of the

from claustrophobia. Like their temperament, they have a bitter taste in their mouths.

mouths & gums, digestive tract, urinary tract, eyes, ears and extremities. This really is a very irritated remedy.

As a “pissed off” remedy, it's no surprise that one of

They have heart and circulation issues to go with the

it's primary actions is on the urinary tract. This

mental stress. Heart enlargement with tightness of

bacteria is found in the stool of those who have

the chest extending to the left arm in a classic angina-

suffered renal colic or kidney stones and this

like syndrome. They are woken by palpitaitons in the

symptom is one of its chief indicators. They have

night which they have to move about, fart and burp to

frequent micturation and Enuresis.

relieve.

Their skin issues are dryer than Morgan Pure with

Finally, they have stiffness and pain in the joints of

flaky skin, psoriasis and dry cracks in the corners of

their extremities in rheumatic and arthritic-type

their mouths and ears. They have herpetic and

conditions. Page 8 of 19

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The Salmonella bacterium, associated with food poisoning, Typhoid, gastroenteritis and in humans and animals.

Gaertner

food in the form of Anorexia Nervosa. Overall, there is the tendency to malignancy with possible prognosis of tumours in adulthood.

Also known as the "The Childrens “Nutrition” Bowel Nosode". Nervy, thin, Their food sensitivities may cause precocious children with fair hair, blue them to purge in the form of Children's Nosode eyes, freckles and long eyelashes. projectile vomiting or attacks of They have overactive minds and acidosis in the digestive tract, undernourished bodies with poor leading to headaches cause by muscular development. (Phos, Silica). overacidity. They are curious and eager to please, All of these food assimilation issues ensure that the body is not getting fearful of being on their own and lacking in vital heat, taking chills easily its required nutrients to build a strong and health body and their physical and their symptoms are worse for cold. Despite this they do not like to be form is skinny and malnourished as a result. The patient has a lack of inside stuffy rooms. They may have nervous habits like sucking their stamina , looks pale and may have dark rings around their eyes. thumbs, on a blanket or biting their nails. Inability to concentrate (ADD, Emaciation is an indication for the use of this nosode. ADHD) They have fears of being alone in the dark and of trying new There is a connection between antibiotic damage and Gaertner firstly in things, like unfamiliar foods which may upset. They find it hard to that this nosode treats condition for which antibiotics are routinely given – assimilate emotionally as they do physically, being oversensitive to recurrent ear, nose and throat infections and also because slow recovery reprimand and pessimistic. is in the picture and antibiotics contribute to this. Gaertner is the “infection Of great value for children or adults with food sensitivities and issues with link-breaker” and also restores the bowel flora to health after being upset sensitive digestion such as Chrone's disease, colitis, IBS or lactose by antibiotics. Adults who are slow to recover after being treated intolerance. They can be hyperactive from food allergies from food extensively with antibiotics can also need this remedy. colourings and additives. Wheat and dairy can also aggravate and this remedy can be useful in cases of Coeliac disease or lactose intolerance. Gaertner has a desire for oatmeal. Not only is this a herbal remedy for Fats also cause trouble along with sugars (Ketosis). They can be flatulent their overactive nerves (Avena Sativa) but the nutrients in oats are and their diarrhoea can contain mucous and blood (phos, merc). This can prebiotics which feed the healthier Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium alternate with constipation. Older children may manifest these issues with bowel flora species. Page 10 of 19

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The digestion is very sensitive and Proteus is named after the

worse for eating, although overall

shapeshifting sea-god of Greek myth

the are better for it. Aggravated by

Proteus

whose stench was said to be rank. Besides being worse for storms and

“Brain Storm”

sun, the proteus remedy has a strong

Angry adrenaline

connection with the sea in its

ameliorated by neat whiskey. Photosensitivity to UV light is interesting, since UV light is used to kill pathogenic bacteria in some

connection with chlorite metabolism

water purifiers. This remedy is

and the remedy Natrum Muriaticum,

associated with prolonged nerve

or sodium chloride.

strain leading to a susceptibility to febrile and convulsive conditions.

Shapesifting is a good metaphor for hysteria, a trait this remedy has in spades. With Proteus, sudden onset is the keynote. It is a violent,

The person is "stressed out" to the point of dizziness and indeed there is an increase in number of the Proteus bacterium in the gut when a person

aggressive, spasmodic remedy with cramps, tantrums and attacks of

undergoes a stressful situation.

convulsions overwhelming the nervous system from the metabolism. The patient is closed and uncommunicative, with stubbornness and fixed ideas, hence the relationship with the Muriaticum remedies. The have a delusion of importance and may fly off the handle if questioned or

One of the functions of salt in the cells is the transmission of nervous electricity which comes in sudden flashes of communication around the body. The suddenness, association with salt and < for storms are connected in this way and underline all the suddenness and intensity of

opposed even to the point of violence.

the physical and mental symptoms.

It has an affinity with the kidneys (the adrenal fear and sudden anger) and their role in chloride metabolism (muriaticum). Not only do Proteus have the symptoms of active adrenals: fear, stress, anger - a "fight of flight" response but this remedy is also known for its kidney and urinary tract infections.

wine and eggs but unusually,

This stressed out state uses a huge amount of energy and this remedy has a large appetite and is ameliorated by eating. Proteus craves what aggravates it, especially eggs & meats. If they give in to their craving for beer & wine they pay for it with dire hangovers. The craving-aversiondesire cycle is a keynote of Proteus.

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Diplococcus bacteria, like

consequences of their appearance

gonorrhoea, with strong affinities to

on their social standing. Sycotic Co.

the mucous membranes and the

patients tend to be fat and flabby

Sycotic Co.

sycotic miasm. Like Gonorrhoea, infection with this bacterium results in

“Irritability”

states of chronic catarrh, placing it

Chronic Catarrh

firmly in the province of the Sycotic

compared to the skinny Gaertner. They have the Sycotic ailments from anticipation. Sycotic co is characterised by

Miasm, just as Bach had associated

catarrhal, irritated conditions of the

Morgan and all its skin conditions with

genito-urinary tract, lungs and

the Psoric Miasm. Patterson

gastrointestinal problems of acidity

successfully used Sycotic Co. to treat the Gonorrhoea of US GI's

and diarrhoea. The mucous is thick, green and copious and effects the

stationed in Britain during World War 2 as a sort of “alternative

throat, sinuses and lungs, where they may also be asthmatic. Meningitis,

Medhorrinum”

as a swollen, irritated and angry conditions may call for this remedy. Patients who fit the picture of this remedy are beset with all sorts of fears. Of the dark, being alone and of dogs. There are convulsions and epilepsy in the picture. They are

There are lots of irritated reactions to food and airborne allergens. They have irritated conditions, especially of the genitourinary tract and the mucous membranes of the head and lungs. They get diarrhoea with prolapsed rectums, acid conditions, headaches and vomit with digestive problems and emotional excitement. They may have IBS These are cold, sensitive pale patients with greasy skin, warts and herpes

nervous, twitchy and irritable but attempt to hide all of this as they have the sycotic keynote

who are worse for cold, damp conditions yet ameliorated by the seaside.

“fear of obscurity”. They wish to be noticed and approved of. This is unlike Unlike Medhorrinum, they are averse to and aggravated by oranges. They Gaertner who is openly nervous and fearful with little thought as to the

also have strong issues with eggs.

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These are nervous, fearful and very

air.

hurried patients who fear everyting they do is wrong and is about to go wrong. They fear disaster in the future and this puts them in a perpetually hightly-strung state of fluster which

Main physical complaints centre

Dysentry

Co.

“Apprehension”

precipitates chiefly in stomach and

The Heart Nosode

around the nerves, heart, circulation and digestion. The feel their tension in the epigastrium, they tremble, perspire, vomit, get

heart complaints. It is the “heart

diarrhoea, urinate and break out in

nosode”

rashes from their excitement. They get sinking and electric shock

The keynote "apprehension" is further

sensations.

towards terror on the fear spectrum.

They have the usual bowel nosode complaints of the skin and digestive

They are hypersensitive to criticism and are beset with all sorts of

tract, tending towards diarrhoea and ulcers. Their skin cracks split, re-

nervous tics, twitches and fidgeting symptoms in their highly-strung state. They blush easily. They are panicky and everything seems to be an ordeal for them. They are afraid of going out, yet have claustrophobia,

heal and split open again. They get blinding headaches, nosebleeds and hayfever.

leading to the tubercular symptom of wanting to go out and wishing they

It is the affinity for the heart which stand out however with ailments from

were at home when they are. They are tense, restless, dizzy and

stress in the form of palpitations, tachycardia and pounding heartbeats.

extremely busy. They blush and stammer. It is a good remedy for

There is a characteristic fluttering sensations in both the heart and

postnatal depression, being a picture easily thrown into weariness and

stomach.

depression with much weeping.

The blend between Ars, Arg-nit and Tuberculinum symptoms is well

They cry to release the effects of bad news and are averse to

marked here, along with the arsenicum nervous chilliness and

consolation. They like to spend a lot of time in bed recuperating from the

amelioration from fresh air.

stresses they experience. They are ameliorated for heat and for the open Page 16 of 19

The Bowel Nosodes were developed amid the backdrop of the heyday of Antibiotics. Conventional medicine had conquered disease and the future was bright. Homeopathy languished as a result for a number of decades before reinventing itself outside of the confines of the more conventional model of disease treatment.

Afterword Lacs, Probiotics, Antibiotics and Autism

The irony is that it was the influence of the brave new frontier of medical microbiotics that brought the Bowel Nosodes into Homeopathy, yet it is only in latter years that they have come into their own as potential remedies for the very damage that that movement within conventional medicine has done to the intestinal flora of an antibiotic-using population. The bacteria have “won” a war that they did not start and modern biology is starting to realise that it has ultimately been a war with ourselves. What are animals other than masses of cooperating bacteria? Bacteria outnumber our living cells by a factor of ten to one within our own bodies in symbiotic relationships built on trends started in nature eons before the arrival of mammals. They renew themselves at a rate of reproduction measured in minutes rather than years, giving them unparalleled capacity for adaptation to changing environments. Small wonder that the common theme for remedies made from bacteria is restlessness. Due to this fecundity we have antibiotic resistant diseases proliferating, exemplified in modern Ireland by MRSA, a condition both created and encouraged by antibiotics, the wonder drugs which the bacteria kingdom has taken in its stride.

One the one hand, conventional medicine seeks to obliterate all bacteria in a sick person in the hope of killing a select pathogenic few and on the other hand, vaccines inject those same bacteria directly into our bloodstreams, in systems of the body that are less able to cope with that kind of intervention.

The results are a modern blooming of digestive and assimilative disorders, allergies and intolerances of all kinds with their concomitant systemic and behavioural symptoms. Sound familiar? That's because you've been reading about them in the remedy pictures listed above. In the Bowel nosodes we have important tools to address the imbalances that we have created by our misunderstanding of what role bacteria have to play in our health. When a child is born, her bowel is quickly populated by E.coli and other non-lactose fermenting bacteria picked up by the child's journey through her mother's vagina. The first “probiotics” that we naturally receive are the species Bifidobacterium which is ingested with breast milk, from which the remedy Lac Humanum is made. These aid digestion, reduce allergic reactions and can even prevent tumour growth. From Cow's milk, cheese and fermented foods such as yoghurt, sauerkraut, miso soup, kombucha, kefir and pickles we get the species Lactobacillus. These bacteria further aid digestion by breaking down lactose (milk sugar) and proteins, create digestive enzymes and limit the range of Ph within the gut, making it inhospitable for pathogenic species, yeasts and other parasites. The process that begins with mothers' milk and continues with a healthy diet

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brings our gut flora to a healthy balanced state, not too acidic, and with an ecosystem that works symbiotically with our nutritive needs making the body more efficient, nourished and resistant to pathology.

intolerances, cravings and allergies. The lack of adequate nutrition and release of toxins leads to primal behavioural states of fear, stress, anger and nervous tension; all expressed in the remedy pictures above.

The use of formula and cow's milk with babies breaks that cycle. It is further damaged by the heavy use of antibiotics early in life. The non-lactose fermenting bacteria become dominant, creating their own more acidic, congested environment, hampering the assimilation of nutrients, congesting the gut and creating a septic environment much more favourable to yeasts and parasites such as worms (Many of the Bowel Nosodes listed above have worms in their picture). They can even penetrate the gut wall, causing the spread of toxins to other systems of the body, compromising the overall immunity. The pictures of the Bowel nosode remedies reflect this influence of nonlactose fermenting bacteria on human health and the systemic impact of impaired assimilation of food. Acidity in digestion with its attendant ulcers, headaches and bilious attacks. Eruptions and warts on the skin of the extremities. Vomiting, diarrhoea, constipation and a whole host of food

In practice Morgan Pure follows well from Lac Humanum. This makes sense from the perspective of the bowel flora and its process of development from birth. The connection between the bowel nosodes, the Lac remedies and remedies made from the substances involved in nutrition, such as Lactic Acid, Saccharinum Officinarum and other sugars is a topic that deserves further research.. Finally, reflecting some of the remedy pictures above that have short attention spans, hyperactivity or are fearful and introspective. It has been found conclusively that the bowel flora of autistic spectrum, hyperactive and ADD/HD children consistently show a higher percentage of nonlactose fermenting bacteria. The Bowel nosodes may well assist us in the treatment of these conditions that are on the rise in modern society which in turn are connected, albeit controversially, with both antibiotics and vaccines.

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Synoptic Materia Medica 2 Franz Vermeulen, Emryss, Haarlem, 2003 Monera – Kingdom Bacteria and Viruses, Vol 1. Franz Vermeulen, Emryss, Haarlem, 2005

Wikipedia References

References

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/

Anaerobic organism, Books, Journals, Web Resources Bifidobacterium, Biotin, Diabetes mellitus, Escherichia coli, A Treatise on the Bowel Nosodes. Fructooligosaccharide, Lactic Acid, Dr. Y.R. Agrawal, Vijay Publications, Lactic Acid Bacteria, Delhi, 2003 Lactobacillales, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus casei, The Bowel Nosodes. Dr. John Lactose, Probiotic, Proteus Paterson. B.Jain, Delhi 1998 (Bacterium), Salmonella, Salmonella Enterica, Vitamin K, Gut Flora Remedy Notes 2. John Wallace, SrP Press, Tunbridge Wells, Kent, UK, Bifidobacteria: their significance in human intestinal health 2003 Ishibashi N, Yaeshima T and Hayasawa H. Morinaga Milk Industry Co. The Bowel Nosodes: A group of neglected remedies. Ai-ling Ltd., Nutritional Science Laboratory, 5-1-83, Higashihara, Zama-City, Makewell. Interhomeopathy.org, August 2006 Kanagawa, 228-8583, Japan http://www.interhomeopathy.org/index.php/journal/entry/bowel_nosodes_a_group_of_negl ected_remedies/

http://nutriweb.org.my/publications/mjn003_2/mjn3n2_art6.pdf

Bowel Nosodes, My Clinical Experiences Ai-ling Makewell, InterHomeopathy.org, August 2006

Lac Maternum or Lac Humanum … How do We Choose? Patricia Hatherly, Homoeopathic Links 2007; 20:63-67

http://www.interhomeopathy.org/index.php/journal/entry/bowel_nosodes_my_clinical_expe riences/

Gut and Psychology Syndrome: Natural Treatment for Autism,ADD/ADHD,Dyslexia,Dyspraxia,Depression,Schizophrenia, Dr. Natasha Campbell-McBride MD. Medinform Publishing, 2004

Mark O'Sullivan, Homeopath http://www.homeopath.ie/ This Project is licensed under the Creative Commons AttributionNoncommercial-Share Alike 2.0 UK: England & Wales License.

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