The Function of Ornament

M A'ER'aL D r O gram

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Th e Marina C i t y t o w e r s c r e a t e a f lu te d a ffe ct b y visu a lly u n ifyin gtwo program s w i t h v e r y d i f f e r e n t or g a n iza tio n s:slo p e d p a r kin g r a m p s and fl at apart m e n t f l o o r s "T h e s p i r a l flo o r s o f th e p a r kin g p r o g r a m b e low , th e projec t i n gb a l c o n i e so f t h e r a d ia l a p a r tm e n ts a b o ve ,a n d a co n s i stent st ruc t ure o f f l u t e d a r c h e s f o r bo th p r o g r a m s a r e co m b in e dto co n struct th e af f ec t o f a l a r g e , f l u t e d c o l u m n .

Apartments L evels21-6 1

F la t flo o r pl ate w i th flu te d p eri meter

Pa rk ing L ev els 1-19

Sp ir a l flo or pl ate w i th cir cu la r peri meter

ARCHITECT

Be r tr a n d Go ld b e r g

i'

D A rE :Locai l oN 1961 i C hi cago,U S

;01

Th e f lut ed pro f i l e p e r f o r m s s t r u ctu r a lly a s a t apered a r c h t h a t s u p p o r t s th e ca n tile ve r of the apart m e n t t e r r a c e

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exteri or i mage

/t S tructural col umn at i nteri or apex of fl uted profi l e

R adi alparti ti on w al l betw een apartments

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^""'asw reWm*wS

22123

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T he Caps u l eH o t e l u s e s t h e pr o g r a m m a tic u n its of t he hot e l t o c r e a t e a n a g g re g a te da ffe ct. Ro o m s are des ign e da s c a p s u l e sd i m e n sio n e dto fit with in a regulat in gm o d u l e t h a t a l l o ws fo r d iffe r e n t conf igura t i o n so f c a p s u l e sa r o u n d th e ce n tr a l co r e , g enerat in ga t h r e e - d i m e n s i o n a lco m p o sitio no f e lem ent s t h a t c o n t r i b u t e st o th e d yn a m ic a g g r e g a tio n o f t he who l e .

rearentry

The s leepi n gc a p s u l e sc o m e i n fo u r co n fig u r a tio n s - t wo rear - e n t r y a n d t w o s i de - e n tr ytyp e s whic h c an b e a t t a c h e dt o t h e co r e in d iffe r e n t o rient at io n s ,s t a g g e r e dw i t h a o n e - th ir d o r two thirds of f s e t i n p l a n . T h e c a p su le d im e n sio n sa r e re gulat ed b y t h e g r i d i n t h r e e d im e n sio n s;th e h eight and w i d t h a r e b o t h t w o - th ir d s th e le n g th o f ihe c aos u l e .

T he v ert ic a l p o s i t i o n so f t h e s leepingc a p s u l e sa r e a l s o det erm ine d b y t h e s t a i r l a n d in g s of t he c entr a l c o r e . T h r e e s t a ir runs mak e a c o m p l e t e r e v o l utio n around t he c e n t r a l e l e v a t o rs h a ft, giv ing adja c e n tc a p s u l e sa o n e th ird of f s e t i n s e c t i o nt o m a t ch th eir of f s e t i n p l a n .

:

IiOJECT

::: : ARCHITECT

:

CtpruleHotel

i Kisho Kurokawa

i 1972

DATE

;

LOCATIOI{

i Tokyo, Japan

i02

Thgverticaloffsetbetweencapsules Frflectsthe loiationsof staircore h ndingsat on e-th irdinte rva ls

S teel truss structure i s conceal edto contri buteto the affect of dynami cal l y aggregatedcapsul es

S tai r core w i th l andi ngsat one-thi rd verti cal i nterval s

R a d i a lwin d o ws p la ce da t th e e n d s o f t h e ca p su le sr e in fo r ce th e ch a n g in g o r i e nta tio no f th e u n its, a d d in gto th e d i r e c tio n a lityo f th e a g g r e g a tio n

The panel i zati onof each capsul e i nto thi rds reveal sthe regul ati nggri d that determi nes the offset of the capsul esi n pl an

MA'ER'aL construction

+

% p $nre$

T he 30 S t . M a r y A x e S t r e e t to we r p r o d u ce sa sp ir a l a ffe ct th r o u g h i ts tapered ci rcul ar f orm [ a p r o f i l e t h a t d r a s t i c allyr e d u ce swin d lo a d s o n th e b u ild in gl and the careful organiz a t i o no f a s t r u c t u r a l d ia g r id th a t r o ta te s th r o u g h th e flo o r pl ates of the bui l di ng. T he af f ec t i v ep r o p e r t i e so f th e twistin g d ia g r id m e m b e r s co m b in ew i th the curvature of t he t ow e r t o a d d r o t a t i o n a n d m o ve m e n tto a sta tic o b ie ct.

The dy na m i c p r o fi l e o f t he t owe r i s r e i n f o r c e d by a s erie s o f t r i a n g u l a r air s haf t s t h a t r o t a t e t hrough s u c c e s s i v e f loor plate s o f t h e building,e x p r e s s e di n dark glas s p a n e l st h a t res olv et h e e x t e r i o r a s an alt ern a t i n gs e r i e s o f rP,,o,,,,9 -^ i--ti^ ^

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26121

FROJECT

ARCHITECT

30 St. Mary Axe Street

No r m a n F o ste r

03 S pi ral i ngi nteri or ai r shafts are used for stack venti l ati onof the tow er

St r u c t u r a l d i a g r i d rei n f o r c e st h e c e n t r i f u g a ls p i r a l af f e c t o f t h e f o r m

Dia g o n a lareas of dark g la zin gfo r the ai r shafts ve r su s clear gl azi ngfor o ffice sp a c es rei nforces tho

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l n t he J ohn s o nW a x L a b o r a t o r yT o we r d o u b le - h e ig h tb a n d s o f h o r izontal glas s t ubes r e p l a c et h e c o n v e n tio n a str l ip win d o ws o f th e o ffice to wer, ac t ing as a l i g h t f i l t e r b e t w e e n in te r io r a n d e xte r io r . Co m b in e dwith an alt ernat ingp a t t e r n o f f l o o r s a n d m e zza n in ele ve lsin se ctio n a n d th e ro unded c o r n e r s o f i t s p r o f i l e ,th e a ffe ct is a b a n d e dco lu m n wh o se i nt erior c on t e n t sa r e r e g i s t e re da s a b lu r r e d p r e se n ceo n th e e xte ri or-

Pla te g lass

Pla te g lass m u llio n s

Ho llow py re x t u b e s are us ed in s t e a do f co nv ent ion a g l l a z i n gt o fo rm a s elf- s i m i l a r " m i c r o banding"t h a t r e i n f o r c e s th e larger b a n d e do r d e r o f th e building .T h e h o r i z o n t a l cours ingso f t h e g l a z i n g a ls o repeat t h e h o r i z o n t a l cours ing of t h e b r i c k b a n d s th at def ine th e f l o o r s .

Scallo p ed a lu m in um r ACKS

' ' Ko r o seal " ri ng with p yrex co u p r e rs

30t31

;! :

DATE

:

LOCATION

i 1950 i R aci ne,U S

Hollowpyrextubes n n dpyrexcou ple rs se ala nt w i t hK oroseal

P yrextubes attached w i th w i re to al umi num racks

R oundedc orn e r s of to wer rein f o r c e bandedaf f ec t

R ec es s ed me z z aninele v e l vi si ble behin d double-heigh t b andedglas s t u b e s

Bri c k c laddin g exp res s esba n d i n g of floor plat e s

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The Towe r o f W i n d s p r o d u c e sa d e m a te r ia lize da ffe ct b y cla d d in gan exi sti ngcool i ngtow er w i th l ayers of light ing: n e o n t u b e s , m i n i - l a m p s a n d flo o d lig h ts,r e fle cte d in m ir ror and perforatedal umi num panel s. T he illum i n a t i o n r e s p o n d st o e n vir o n m e n ta lco n d itio n sa r o u n d the tow er, produci nga constantl ychangi ng, dem at er i a l i z e da f f e c t c o m p o se do f e p h e m e r a l p a tte r n s o f lig h t.

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I n day t im e ,t h e t o w e r i s perc eiv e da s a b l a n k v o l u m e of perf or a t e da l u m i n u m .

Rings o{ w h i t e n e o n l i g h t periodic a l l yi n d i c a t et h e t i m e ; s t ruc t ur a l r i n g s a p p e a r t o flo a t around th e n e o n t u b e s .

2 M ir r o r e d a cr ylic p la te s sheath th e co o lin gto we r , m u lti pl yi ng th e a r tifica l lig h tin g a ffects.

F lo o d lig h tsa t th e fo o t of th e to we r a r e co n tr o lled by co m p u te r to cr e a te a larger sca le o f illu m in a tio n .

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The di fferent l i g.hti ngpatterns combi ne to produce a constantl y changi ngdemateri al i zedaffect at ni ght.

P ROJECT

ARCHITECT

DATE

LOCATION

Tower of Winds

Toyo lto

1987

Y okohama,Japan

Outerlayerol

W hit eneonr ings

p erf orat eda l u m i n u m c laddingd i s a p p e a r s a t night

i05

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Th e Seagram B u i l d i n g u s e s t h e ste e l str u ctu r a l g r id o f the s k y s c rap e rt o c r e a t e a v e r t i ca l a ffe ct, b y a tta ch in g a s eries of de c o r a t i v el - b e a m s to th e e n ve lo p eth a t p riorit iz et he v e r t i c a l l i n e s o f t he str u ctu r e o ve r th e h oriz ont alf lo o r o l a t e s .

Th e l-beam s e c t i o n sa t t a c h e d to the f agad ea r e p a r t o f t h e p ref abric at e dw i n d o w u n i t s that m ak e up t h e s k i n - rev ealedb y t h e h o r i z o n t a l g ap bet ween l - b e a m s e c t i o n s from f loor t o f l o o r .

Th e t rue s t ru c t u r a l c o l u m n s a re e nc as edin f i r e p r o o f i n g ,w h i l e t he d ec orat iv el- b e a m s a t t a c h e dt o th e e nv elooe exo r e s s " t h e c o n c e a le d struc t ure un d e r n e a t h .

Te rminat ingt h e c u r t a i n w a l l p r io r to th e co r n e r ma int ainst h e e x o r e s s i o no f e a ch fa ca d ea s a n i ndependen tI n o n - l o a db e a r i n glsyste m , a n d re v ealst he fu l l d i m e n s i o no f t h e str u ctu r a l columns beh i n d .

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Building

LOCATION

ARCHITECT

OATE

:

L u d wig M ie s va n d e r Ro h e

1958

i N ew Y ork, U S

11

H eati ngsystem i ntegrated w i th i nteri or si l l

0rly-pinktinted lvfndowglass

S uspendedl i ght cei l i ng

bronze Extruded to I ' beamsatta ch ed theverticalstructural memD ers

bronze Recessed t pandrelsc over t he floorplate s

The bronze mul l i ons termi nate at the bui l di ng soffi t, exposi ngthem as non-structuralw hen seen from street l evel

B ronze-cl adstructural colum n

MArE R'aL c ladding

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64165

The PradaA o y a m a s t o r e c reat esa q u i l t e d a f f e c t t hrough an e x t e r i o r c l a d d i n g b as ed on t h r e e t y p e s o f glas s pan e l - f l a t , c o n v e x and c onc a v e .T h e t h r e e dim ens io n a lf o r m o f t h e glaz ing is c o m b i n e dw i t h a diagrid st r u c t u r e t o produc e a q u i l t e d p a t t e r n of diam on d - s h a p e d w indows t h a t a l t e r n a t e l y prot rude a n d r e c e d e f r o m t he env elo p e .

In day ligh t ,t h e q u i l t e d w i n d ows a r e m o r e p r o m in e n t th a n the s t ruc t u r e , d i s t o r t i n gv i e ws o f th e p r o d u cts in sid e a n d giv ingt he b u i l d i n ga j e w e l - l i ke a p p e a r a n ce .

At ni ght the qui l ti ed affect i s provi dednot by the threed imensi onal i tyof the gl ass panel s but by the di agri d, wh ich becomes more oromi nent w hen backl i t.

ii! oot.

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!

Herzog& de Meuron

i zoos i Tokyo,Japan

i

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The di agri d of the envel ope i s extrudedw i thi n the i nteri or depth of the bui l di ngto construct structural tubes that house changi ngrooms

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ARCHITECT

DATE

Ee r o Sa a r in e n

I?19

:

13

L OC ATION

: London,U K

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