The Execution of Gomburza

 

GOMBURZA •

Refers to three Filipino Catholic  priests; Jose Burgoz, Burgoz, Mariano Gomez, Gomez, and Jacinto Zamora, Zamora, who were executed on February 17, 1872 at 1872 at Bagumbayan, Philippines by Spanish colonial authorities on charges of subversion arising from the 1872 Cavite mutiny.

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Part of Secularization

 

GOMBURZA

Ginamit ang pangalan ni Padre Burgos upang maghikayat ng mga sasama sa

 Mutiny Padre Gomez ay maaaring may alam sa  mutiny sa kadahilanang sa kaniya nanghihingi ng sama ng loob at sa kaniya nag kukumpisal ng mga  manggagawa sa kabite. Padre Zamora ay naidawit dahil sa sulat

na natagpuan sa kaniyang tinitirahan  

Fr. Mariano Gómez de los Ángeles •

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Born on August on August 2, 1799  1799 at Sta. Cruz, Manila Son of Alejandro Francisco Gómez and Martina Custodia. Studied at Colegio de San Juan de Letrán, He of took theology in the University Santo Tomás. Head priest of Bacoor, Cavite Oldest in GOMBURZA 

 

 José Apolonio Apolonio Bur Burgos gos y García García •

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He was born in Vigan, Ilocos Sur on February 9, 1837 Insulares Priest Son of Don José Tiburcio Burgos and Florencia García. He obtained three undergraduate degrees with honors, two master's degrees and two doctorate degrees from the Colegio de San Juan de Letran and from the University of Santo Tomas.

 

 Jacinto Zamora Zamora y del R Rosario osario •

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Born on August on August 14, 1835 at Pandacan, Manila Son of Venancio Zamora and Hilaria del Rosario He studied at the Colegio de San Juan de Letran and later transferred to the University of Santo Tomas after finishing his Bachelor of Arts.

 

 Jacinto Zamora Zamora y del R Rosario osario •

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Zamora graduated on March 16, 1858 with the degree of Bachelor of Canon and Civil Laws. Zamora’s fatal vice was panguigui (popular card game) Head Priest of Marikina

 

 Jacinto Zamora Zamora y del R Rosario osario •

Father Jacinto Zamora was accused because of the letter delivered to him 

“Grand Reunion … over friends are well provided with powder and ammunition”

 

The

CaviteMUTINY MUTINY Cavite 0F 1872

 

CaviteMUTINY Cavite MUTINY 0F 1872

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The Cavite mutiny of 1872 was an uprising of Filipino military  personnel of Fort San Felipe, Fe lipe, the Spanish arsenal in Cavite on 20th day of January year 1872. •

 Arsenal of Cavite -stora

 

CaviteMUTINY Cavite MUTINY 0F 1872

Sergeant Fernando La Madrid •

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Their leader was Fernando La  Madrid  , a mestizo sergeant with his second in command Jaerel Brent Senior, a moreno. Filipino Soldiers and laborers of Cavite arsenal turned out to be dissatisfied because of the abolition of their privelages.

 

Cavite CaviteMUTINY MUTINY 0F 1872

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signal being the firing of rockets from the city walls on that night. They seized Fort San Felipe and killed 11 Spanish Officers

 A burst of fireworks in celebration cele bration of the feast of Our Lady of Loreto, the patron of Sampaloc leads to a false alarm 

 

Cavite CaviteMUTINY MUTINY 0F 1872

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 A regiment led by General Felipe Ginovés besieged the fort until the  mutineers surrendered.

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Ginovés his troops to fire at then thoseordered who surrendered, including La Madrid.

 

Cavite CaviteMUTINY MUTINY 0F 1872 •

Some Filipino soldiers were disarmed and later sent into exile on the southern island of Mindanao.

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Those suspected of directly supporting the mutineers were arrested and executed including the GOMBURZA 

 

CaviteMUTINY Cavite MUTINY GARROTE 0F 1872

 

CaviteMUTINY MUTINY Cavite 0F 1872

 

Spanish Version Version of the

CaviteMutiny Cavite Mutiny of 1872 By:Jose Montero y Vidal

 

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 Jose Montero y V Montero Vidal idal Spanish Historian  Most knowledgeable of the Spanish historians in the Philippines. Has three Major Historical Works namely:

-El Archipelago Filipino y las islas  Marianas, Carolinas y Palaos: Pal aos: Su historia, geografia y estadistica,  Madrid, 1886

 

 Jose Montero Montero y V Vidal idal

-Historia general de Filipinas desde el descumbrimiento de dichas islas hasta nuestras dias, Madrid, 18771895, 3 vols - Historia de la pirateria Malayo mahometana en Mindanao, Jolo J olo y Borneo, Madrid, 1888, 2 vols

 

Spanish Version of the

CaviteMutiny Cavite Mutiny of 1872 By:Jose Montero y Vidal

 

Spanish Version of the Cavite CaviteMutiny Mutiny of 1872 By:Jose Montero y Vidal

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In the beginning the year 1872, the authorities receivedof anonymous communications with the information that a great uprising would breakout against the Spaniards.

 

Spanish Version of the Cavite CaviteMutiny Mutiny of 1872 By:Jose Montero y Vidal

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The Garisson of Manila, composed mostly of native soldiers, were involved in this conspiracy, as well as a multitude of civilians.

 

Spanish Version of the Cavite CaviteMutiny Mutiny of 1872 By:Jose Montero y Vidal

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January 20, 1872 The pre- concerted signal among the conspirators of Cavite and Manila was the firing of rockets from the walls of the city.

 

Spanish Version of the Cavite CaviteMutiny Mutiny of 1872 By:Jose Montero y Vidal

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 In the district of Sampaloc, the fiesta of the  patron saint, the Virgin of Loreto, was being celebrated with pomp and splendor.

 

Spanish Version of the Cavite CaviteMutiny Mutiny of 1872 By:Jose Montero y Vidal

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The military governor of Cavite, D. Fernando Rojas, despatched two Spaniards to inform the  Manila authorities of the uprising.

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D. Domingo Mijares,an employee of the arsenal left Cavite in a war vessel for Manila

 

Spanish Version of the Cavite CaviteMutiny Mutiny of 1872 By:Jose Montero y Vidal •

Early the next morning two regiments, under the command of D. Felipe Ginoves, segundo cabo, left for Cavite on board the merchant vessels Filipino, Manila, Isabela I and Isabela II. Ginoves waited the whole day of the 21st for the

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rebels to surrender Early in the morning of the 22nd, putting to the sword the majority of the rebels and making  prisoners of the rest and an d officially announced the suppression of the revolt.

 

Spanish Version of the Cavite CaviteMutiny Mutiny of 1872 By:Jose Montero y Vidal

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The council of war passed the sentence of death on forty-one of the rebels. On the 6th of February, eleven more were sentenced to death but the governor general commuted this sentence to life imprisonment. On the 8th of February, Camerino was sentenced to death and eleven individuals of the famous “Guias de la Torre” was imprisoned for ten years for the assassination of the Spaniard.

 

Spanish Version of the Cavite CaviteMutiny Mutiny of 1872 By:Jose Montero y Vidal

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On the 15th of February, Filipino priests was sentenced to death by strangulation; D. Jose Burgos, D. Jacinto Zamora, D. Mariano Gomez, and Francisco Saldua 10 years imprisonment was sentenced to Maximo Inocencio, Enrique Paraiso, and Crisanto de los Reyes

 

Spanish Version of the Cavite CaviteMutiny Mutiny of 1872 By:Jose Montero y Vidal

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On the 17th of February, an immense multitude appeared on the field of Bagumbayan to witness the execution of the sentence. The attending force was composed of Filipino troops ready to fire upon the least sign of uprising. Gomes was executed first, then Zamora, then Burgos, and lastly, Saldua.

 

Spanish Version of the Cavite CaviteMutiny Mutiny of 1872 By:Jose Montero y Vidal

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On the 3rd of April, 1872, the Audiencia suspended from the practice of law the following men: D. Jose Basa y Enriquez, D. Joaquin Pardo de Tavera, D.  Antonio Ma. Regidor, Regidor, D. Pedro Carillo, Carillo, D. Gervasio Gervasio Sanchez and D. Jose Mauricio de Leon.

 

Spanish Version of the Cavite CaviteMutiny Mutiny of 1872 By:Jose Montero y Vidal

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Izquierdo had requested the sending to Manila of Spanish troops for the defense of the fort as most of these found here were natives. On April 4, 1872 , the government dissolved the native regiment of artillery and ordered the creation of an artillery force to be composed exclusively of Peninsulares.

 

Filipino Version of the

CaviteMutiny Cavite Mutiny of 1872 By: Dr. Trinidad H. Pardo de Tavera

 

Dr. Trinidad H. Pardo de Tavera •

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Filipino scholar, scientist, and historic researcher Born in Manila in Manila on  on April  April 13, 1857 Parents belonging to the Spanish nobility His father, Felix Pardo de Tavera,  was a lawyer and a brother brothe r of the  patriot Joaquin Pardo de Tavera, a law professor and a government official. Died in Manila on March 26, 1925

(68 years old).  

Filipino Version of the

CaviteMutiny Cavite Mutiny of 1872 By: Dr. Trinidad H. Pardo de Tavera

 

Filipin ilipino o Version Version of the

CaviteMutiny Cavite Mutiny of 1872

By: Dr. Trinidad H. Pardo de Tavera

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 According to Dr. Trinidad H. H . Pardo de Tavera, this incident was merely a mutiny by the native Filipino soldiers and laborers of the Cavite arsenal against the harsh policy of despotic Governor and Captain-General Rafael de Izquierdo which Izquierdo  which abolished their old-time  privileges of exemption from fro m paying the annual tribute and from rendering the polo(forced labor).

 

ilipino o Version Version of the Filipin

CaviteMutiny Cavite Mutiny of 1872

By: Dr. Trinidad H. Pardo de Tavera

Forced labor (polo y servicio):  All male Filipinos from 16-60 years old were forced to work for the government for 40 days a year.

 

Filipin ilipino o Version Version of the

CaviteMutiny Cavite Mutiny of 1872

By: Dr. Trinidad H. Pardo de Tavera

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Some of them, impelled by volcanic wrath, rose in arms on the night of January 20, 1872, 1872, and killed the commanding officer of the Cavite arsenal and other Spanish officers. This turbulent Cavite incident, which was  magnified by the Spanish officials of ficials and friars into a revolt for Philippine independence, is narrated by Pardo de Tavera

 

 JANUAR  JANU ARY Y 20, 1872

 

Filipin ilipino o Version Version of the

CaviteMutiny Cavite Mutiny of 1872

By: Dr. Trinidad H. Pardo de Tavera

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 The arrival of General Izquierdo (1871-1873)  was the signal for a complete comple te change in the aspect of affairs.   The new governor soon made it clear that his views were different from those of La Torre (former Governor) that there would be no change in the established form of government

 

Filipin ilipino o Version Version of the

CaviteMutiny Cavite Mutiny of 1872

By: Dr. Trinidad H. Pardo de Tavera •

 And he at once announced that he intended to govern the people

“with a crucifix in one hand and a sword in the other.” English translation: Cross in one hand, sword in the other.  Meaning: “God helps those who help themselves.”

 

Filipin ilipino o Version Version of the

CaviteMutiny Cavite Mutiny of 1872

By: Dr. Trinidad H. Pardo de Tavera •

 His first official act was to prohibit the founding of school of arts and trades which was  being organized by the efforts effor ts and funds raised  by natives of standing in the th e community.

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  Governor Izquierdo believed that the establishment of the new school was merely a  pretext (hidden motive) for the organization of a  political club but made a public pu blic statement accusing the Filipinos who had charge of the

 movement  

Filipin ilipino o Version Version of the

CaviteMutiny Cavite Mutiny of 1872

By: Dr. Trinidad H. Pardo de Tavera

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 All of those who had offered their support to ex-Governor La Torre were classed as personas sospechosas (suspects), a term that has been used in the Philippine Islands to designate any person  who refused to servilely obey the wishes and  whims of the authorities.

 

Filipin ilipino o Version Version of the

CaviteMutiny Cavite Mutiny of 1872

By: Dr. Trinidad H. Pardo de Tavera

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From time immemorial the workmen in the arsenal at Cavite and in the barracks of the artillery and engineer corps had been exempt from the  payment of tribute tax and an d from obligation to  work certain days each year ye ar on public improvements.

 

Filipin ilipino o Version Version of the

CaviteMutiny Cavite Mutiny of 1872

By: Dr. Trinidad H. Pardo de Tavera

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General Izquierdo believed the time opportune for abolishing these privileges and ordered that in yhe future all such workmen affected and the men employed in the arsenal at Cavite went on a strike, but, yielding to pressure and threats  made by the authorities they t hey subsequently return to their labors.

 

Filipin ilipino o Version Version of the

CaviteMutiny Cavite Mutiny of 1872

By: Dr. Trinidad H. Pardo de Tavera

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 The workmen in the Cavite arsenal were all natives of that town and the neighboring town of San Roque.  On the night of January 30, 1872, there was an uprising among the soldiers of San Felipe Fort, in Cavite, and the commanding officer and other Spanish officers in charge of the fort.

 

Filipin ilipino o Version Version of the

CaviteMutiny Cavite Mutiny of 1872

By: Dr. Trinidad H. Pardo de Tavera

Governor Captain-General Rafael de and Izquierdo   •

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a Spanish Military Officer, Politician, and statesman. He served as Governor-General of the Philippines from April 4, 1871 to January 8, 1873.

 

Filipin ilipino o Version Version of the

CaviteMutiny Cavite Mutiny of 1872

By: Dr. Trinidad H. Pardo de Tavera

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Laborers or workers need to work for the government forcefully (polo y servicio) and they had small salary and half of it will go on the tax and it is policy of Governor Izquierdo replaced Governor General Carlos Maria de la Torre some months before in 1871

 

Filipin ilipino o Version Version of the

CaviteMutiny Cavite Mutiny of 1872

By: Dr. Trinidad H. Pardo de Tavera

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Because of this harsh management of the governor, the workers planned to have a mutiny in Cavite

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They also thatfor Spanish Government  Madrid was stated to blame the propagation harmful doctrines to the Filipino people

in of

 

Filipin ilipino o Version Version of the

CaviteMutiny Cavite Mutiny of 1872

By: Dr. Trinidad H. Pardo de Tavera

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The 200 mutineers were led by Sgt. Fernando La Madrid and they successfully conquered Fuerza San Felipe

 

Filipin ilipino o Version Version of the

CaviteMutiny Cavite Mutiny of 1872

By: Dr. Trinidad H. Pardo de Tavera

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The Spanish Government in Manila sent a regiment under Gen. Felipe Ginoves and the Mutiny was unsuccessful and many mutineers including Sgt. La Madrid were killed

 

Filipin ilipino o Version Version of the

CaviteMutiny Cavite Mutiny of 1872

By: Dr. Trinidad H. Pardo de Tavera

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 After the Mutiny, Gen. Izquierdo used the mutiny to falsely accuse Father Jose Burgos; Burgos; Father Jacinto Zamora; Zamora; and Father Mariano Gomez were Gomez were the  mastermind   of mutiny  of

 

Filipin ilipino o Version Version of the

CaviteMutiny Cavite Mutiny of 1872

By: Dr. Trinidad H. Pardo de Tavera

 After the mentioned death of three priest there  were also other people who wh o were sentenced to life imprisonment on Marianas Islands: • • • •

 Antonio M. Regidor (councilman (coun cilman of Manila) Joaquin Pardo de Tavera (lawyer) P. Mendoza (curate of Santa Cruz)

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Gueverra (curate of Quiapo)  

 

Filipin ilipino o Version Version of the

CaviteMutiny Cavite Mutiny of 1872

By: Dr. Trinidad H. Pardo de Tavera

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Father Father Father Father  Atty.  Atty.  Atty.  Atty.

Mariano Sevilla Feliciano Gomez Ballesteros Jose Basa

Carillo Basa Enriquez Crisanto Reyes

 Atty. Maximo Paterno  

Filipin ilipino o Version Version of the

CaviteMutiny Cavite Mutiny of 1872

By: Dr. Trinidad H. Pardo de Tavera •

The true masterminds of Cavite Mutiny were the three masons:

   Maximo Inocencio

Crisanto de los Reyes

Enrique Paraiso

 

Filipin ilipino o Version Version of the

CaviteMutiny Cavite Mutiny of 1872

By: Dr. Trinidad H. Pardo de Tavera

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The persecutions which began under Governor Izquierdo were based on false assumptions that the Filipino people were desirous of independence, although this was an unfounded accusation

 

 

Filipin ilipino o Version Version of the

CaviteMutiny Cavite Mutiny of 1872

By: Dr. Trinidad H. Pardo de Tavera

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Dr. T.H Pardo de Taverna denied that there were any plot of overthrowing Spanish rule thus The incident was a mere mutiny by the native Filipino soldiers and of the Cavite arsenal who turned out tolaborers be dissatisfied with the abolition of their privileges.

 

Ocial of on the Governor RafaelReport Izquierdo CaviteMutiny Cavite Mutiny of 1872

 

CaviteMUTINY Cavite MUTINY 0F 1872

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JANUARY 23,1872 Governor General Rafael Izquierdo reported to the Spanish Ministry of War, blaming the Cavite Mutiny on the native clergy, some local residents, intellectuals, and even El Eco Filipino. Significantly, he calls the military mutiny an “insurrection”, an “uprising”, and a “revolution”,

 

Cavite CaviteMUTINY MUTINY EL ECO FILIPINO 0F 1872

a Madrid-based reformist newspaper

 

CaviteMUTINY Cavite MUTINY 0F 1872

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Insurrection was motivated by the native clergy,  by the mestizos and native lawyers and by those known as here as abogadillos. Some are residents of Manila, others from Cavite and some from nearby  provinces. Abbreviation

 

CaviteMUTINY Cavite MUTINY 0F 1872

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The instigators, protested against the injustice of the government in not paying the  provinces for their tobacco crop, and against the usury that some officials practice in handling documents that the finance department gives crop owners who have to sell them at a loss.

 

CaviteMUTINY Cavite MUTINY 0F 1872

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They encouraged the rebellion by protesting what they called injustice of having obliged the  workers in the Cavite arsenal arsen al to pay tribute starting January 1, 1872 and to render personal service, from which they were formerly exempted.

 

CaviteMUTINY Cavite MUTINY 0F 1872

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To seduce the native troops, they resorted to superstitions with which the indios are so prone to believe; persuading them that the Chief of State (hari) would be an ecclesiastic and the rest of the clergy who backed the uprisingthe would celebrate daily for its success.Thus rebellion could not fail because God is with them; and those  who would revolt they would kill immediately.

 

CaviteMUTINY Cavite MUTINY 0F 1872

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To those who revolted they offer the wealth of Spaniards and of the regular clergy, employment and the ranks in the army; and to this effect they said that fifteen native batallions would be created, the soldiers whoThe revolted would have jobsin aswhich officers and chiefs. lawyers and abogadillos would direct the affairs of government of the admistration and of justice.

 

CaviteMUTINY Cavite MUTINY 0F 1872

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 All the Spaniards, including includin g the friars, would be executed except for the women; and their  belongings confiscated.

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This uprising has roots, and the withregiments them wereof affiliated to a great extent infantry and artillery, some ilustrados from  provinces.

 

CaviteMUTINY Cavite MUTINY 0F 1872

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They planned to set fire to the district of Tondo. Once the fire was set and while the authorities  were busy putting it out, the t he regiment pf the artillery with the help of the part of the infantry would Santiago of this they would thenseize fire Fort cannons to inform the Capital rebels of Cavite of their success.

To start the revolution…..  

CaviteMUTINY Cavite MUTINY 0F 1872

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The rebels in Cavite counted on the artillery detachments that occupied the fort and, on the navy, helped 500 natives led by pardoned leader Camerino. This person and his men, located at the town ofby Bacoor andarm separated fort of San Felipe a small of the from sea, the would cross the  water and reach the fort  where they would find arms and ammunition.

 

CaviteMUTINY Cavite MUTINY 0F 1872

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The rebels in Cavite counted on the artillery detachments that occupied the fort and, on the navy, helped 500 natives led by pardoned leader Camerino. This person and his men, located at the town ofby Bacoor andarm separated fort of San Felipe a small of the from sea, the would cross the  water and reach the fort  where they would find arms and ammunition.

 

CaviteMUTINY Cavite MUTINY 0F 1872

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The rebels in Cavite made lanterns as signal but the native civilians in Bacoor failed because of the vigilance of the Spanish navy that had placed there a gunboat and armed vessels.

 

CaviteMUTINY Cavite MUTINY 0F 1872

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Loyalists that arrest the parish priest of Bacoor found an abandoned vessel loaded with arms, including carbines and revolvers.

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The uprising should have started in Manila at  midnight abetted by those i n Cavite, in but the rebels of this city went ahead of time.

 

CaviteMUTINY Cavite MUTINY 0F 1872

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The civil-military governor of the Cavite and the commanders of Regiment 7 took very timely  precautions.

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 August 1, 1871 – giving an account for Excellency in Governor General Rafael Izquierdo's confidential report No. 113 to Spanish Minister of  war has not yet replied.

 

CaviteMUTINY Cavite MUTINY 0F 1872

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The junta or center received inspiration from  Madrid, where newspapers of advanced ideas flourish to sustain them subscription are locally solicited. Governor General Rafael Izquierdo gave no credit to the anonymous letters that he received in order not to gave alarms and instead continued a

vigilant watch wherever possible within the limited means at his command.  

RELEVANCE & CONTRIBUTION of the EXECUTION OF

GomBurZa

 

GOMBURZA •

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 El Filibusterismo is the novel that Jose Rizal created and dedicated to the GOMBURZA   priests.  priests. This execution lead the rise of the  book (El Filibusterismo) that will open our minds and hearts that this colonization will be at end.

 

GOMBURZA •

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This event was tragic but served as one of the moving forces that shaped Filipino nationalism. It eads to the awakening of nationalism and eventually to the outbreak of Philippine Revolution of 1896.

 

GOMBURZA •

The Filipino clergy members actively  participated in the secularization secular ization  movement in order to allow Filipino  priests to take hold of the parishes in the country making them prey to the rage of the friars.

 

GOMBURZA •

Filipinos during the time were active  participants, and responded to what what they deemed as injustices and the execution of GOMBURZA was a blunder on the part of the Spanish government

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 And for the action action severed the ill-feelings ill-feelings of the Filipinos and the event inspired Filipino patriots to call for reforms and

eventually independence.

 

 Thank You! You!

 

REFERENCES: •

Pugay, C.(2012): “The Two Faces of the 1872 Cavite Mutiny” National Historical Commission of the Philippines.