The Ethical Implications of Legal Outsourcing

2 of 932 DOCUMENTS Copyright (c) 2008 The Journ! of the "eg! # rofe$$ion The Journ! of the "eg! #rofe$$ion 2008 T%E JOU&N'" O T%E "E'" #&OESS*ON 32 J+ "eg! #rof+ 2,9 "ENT%- .809 /or$ The Ethic! *1p!iction$ of "eg! Out$ourcing  N'ME- rin Mi!!er   "E*SNE*S SUMM'&4SUMM'&4 +++ urther1ore5 D& 670(D) reuire$ the Ne/ 4or: 4or: !/yer to ;eent hi$ or her e1p!oyee$5 $$ocite$5 n other$ /ho$e $er>ice$ re uti!i?e =y the !/yer fro1 i$c!o$ing or u$ing confience$ or $ecret$ of  c!ient + + + +; +++ %o/e>er5 it i$ i1portnt to put the$e nu1=er$ in contee o>er$e$ =y 20, i$ !e$$ thn 0B of the tot! nu1=er of !eg! Ao=$ eice pro>ier$ re cp=!e of  pro>iing $oun n thorough !eg! >ice to '1ericn '1ericn c!ient$5 the$e pro>ier$ re not !icen$e to prctice !/ in the Unite Stte$5 n ;on!y !/yer$ ! /yer$ /ho re !icen$e in the U+S+ cn gi>e !eg! >ice on '1ericn !/+; !/+; +++ Since foreign !/yer$ cn 1ere!y pro>ie $upport to '1ericn !/yer$ n !/ fir1$5 i t i$ e$$enti! tht nyone /ho engge$ in !eg! out$ourcing thorough!y eer i t to their c!ient n en$ure tht no ethic$ ru!e$ h>e =een >io!te+ +++ The opinion conc!ue$ tht the Ne/ 4or: 4or: ttorney 1u$t ;() $uper>i$e the non7 !/yer n en$ure tht the non7!/yer$ /or: contri=ute$ to the !/yer$ co1petent repre$enttion of t he c!ient@ (=)  pre$er>e the c!ient$ confience$ n $ecret$ $ecret$ /hen out$ourcing@ (c) >oi conf!ict$ of intere$t /hen out$ourcing@ () =i!! for out$ourcing pproprite!y@ n (e) o=tin >nce c!ient con$ent for out$ourcing+;  TET GH2,9I *+ *ntrouction  *t$ 0-00 p+1+5 p+1+ 5 n fter nother !ong y t the office5 you re 1ore thn rey to pc: up your =riefc$e n get on the inter$tte tht /i!! /i !! !e you to your ho1e+ Unfortunte!y5 you h>e not =een =!e to fin  c$e tht $upport$ n rgu1ent $et forth in your 1otion for $u11ry Aug1ent+ %o/e>er5 in$te of $tying t the office !! night n reing through nu1erou$ c$e$ in $erch of n n$/er5 you $i1p!y $en n e1i! e$cri=ing your i!e11 to  !eg! $er>ice  pro>ier in *ni n then you he out of the office for the night+ 'fter 'fter chec:ing your e1i! the fo!!o/ing 1orning5 you re re!ie>e to fin  c$e tht $ignificnt!y $trengthen$ your 1otion for $u11ry Aug1ent+  Though it 1y =e hr to =e!ie>e5 the fore1entione $cenrio i$ po$$i=!e ue to >nce$ in techno!ogy occurring o>er the !$t fe/ ece$+ n or yer$5 corporte '1eric h$ t:en >ntge of the co$t $>ing$ pro>ie =y foreign /or:er$+ n2 Fhi!e '1ericn =u$ine$$e$ rei!y $en $upport n technic! function$ out of the country5 !/ fir1$ trition!!y h>e =een 1uch 1ore he$itnt to t:e $i1i!r ction$+ n3 %o/e>er5 !eg! $er>ice $upp!ier$ re =eco1ing 1ore n 1ore popu!r in the Unite Stte$5 n6 n '1ericn !/ fir1$ no !onger ignore the =enefit$ of out$ourcing !eg! /or:5 /hich inc!ue incre$e i ncre$e efficiency5 efficiency5 con>enience5 n !o/er co$t$+ n, 'ccoring to ne$h NtrAn5 /ho

g>e up hi$ prtner GH20I $hip t McuireFoo$5 "+"+#+ to $trt  !eg! out$ourcing co1pny5 hi$ co1pny i$ ;getting $o 1ny phone c!!$ no/+ + + + Thi$ /ho!e ie of o>er$e$ !eg! $er>ice$ i$ t:ing 1ore trction thn it e>er h$+; n Nonethe!e$$5 $ out$ourcing =eco1e$ 1ore pre>!ent throughout t he !eg! inu$try5 $o1e 1e1=er$ of the !eg!  profe$$ion re >oicing concern$ o>er the ethic! i1p!iction$ of thi$ e1erging prctice+ n.  The off$hore !eg! $er>ice inu$try i$ gro/ing t n eie !eg! $er>ice$ to the Unite Stte$+ n, The$e *nin profe$$ion!$ generte pproenue for the '1ericn !eg! profe$$ion5 n it i$ e$ti1 te tht thi$ nu1=er /i!! incre$e to  9.0 1i!!ion =y 20,+ n  Since it pper$ tht the !eg! out$ourcing inu$try /i!! on!y continue gro/ing in the yer$ to co1e5 it i$ e$$enti! tht '1ericn !/yer$ n !/ fir1$ thorough!y uner$tn the ethic! i1p!iction$ tht re ri$e =y $ening !eg! /or: o>er$e$+ n. "eg! $er>ice pro>ier$ re not !/ fir1$5 GH2I for they 1ere!y pro>ie $upport $er>ice$ to ttorney$+ n8 Therefore5 the '1ericn !/yer $ti!! i$ the per$on /ho i$ ;u!ti1te!y re$pon$i=!e for the / or: prouct5; n9 n he or $he 1u$t en$ure tht no ethic$ ru!e$ re >io! te uring the out$ourcing proce$$+  Thi$ Note /i!! i$cu$$ Ne/ 4or: City or1! Opinion 200735  recent opinion conc!uing tht  Ne/ 4or: !/yer 1y ethic!!y out$ource !eg! /or: o>er$e$ $ !ong $ he or $he 1eet$ certin conition$+ n20 The opinion unou=te!y /i!! h>e n enor1ou$ effect on the !eg! out$ourcing inu$try5 for it i$ one of on!y  fe/ opinion$ tht $pecific!!y uthori?e the u$e of !eg! out$ourcing+ n2 #rt ** pro>ie$ n o>er>ie/ of t he !eg! out$ourcing inu$try5 inc!uing the type of /or: tht U+S+ !/ fir1$ re $ening o>er$e$+ #rt *** i$cu$$e$ $o1e !/yer$ concern$ /ith the out$ourcing inu$try5 /hi!e #rt * eice pro>ier$ perfor1  >riety of $er>ice$ for '1ericn co1pnie$ n !/ fir1$5 inc!uing !eg! re$erch5 fctu! re$erch5 contrct rfting5 court ocu1ent rfting5 ocu1ent re>ie/5 n ptent pp!iction rfting+ n28 Fhi!e 1ny off$hore co1pnie$ ;focu$ on !o/7!e>e! pr!eg! /or:Ke1$hL:eeping trc: of fi!ing te$ n ocu1ent re>ie/$5; the !eg! /or: out$ource to *ni i$ incre$ing!y 1ore $ophi$ticte+ n29 or in$tnce5 one !eg! $er>ice pro>ier in *ni recent!y rfte  =rief for  c$e tht i$ =efore the Unite Stte$ Supre1e Court+ n30  urther1ore5 nother !eg! $er>ice pro>ier recent!y rfte  1 otion for $u11ry Aug1ent tht re$u!te in  1u!ti1i!!ion o!!r /r for n '1ericn !/ fir1+ n3 The 1otion for $u11ry Aug1ent /$ $ucce$$fu!5 e>en though the oppo$ing prty /$ one of the !rge$t in$urnce co1pnie$ in the U+S+ n /$ !i:e!y repre$ente =y one of the 1o$t pre$tigiou$ !/ fir1$ in '1eric+ n32 Mny !eg! out$ourcing co1pnie$ prefer to t:e on 1ore $ophi$ticte

/or:5 $uch $ the fore1entione 1otion for $u11ry Aug1ent5 for thi$ !!o/$ the1 to chrge higher rte$ to their c!ient$+ n33  "eg! $er>ice pro>ier$ in *ni re 1ore thn cp=!e of hn!ing the $ophi$ticte !eg! /or: tht i$ $ent to the1 fro1 U+S+ !/ fir1$+ Mny of the$e pro>ier$ e1p!oyee$ h>e ""M$ fro1 the =e$t !/ $choo!$ in '1eric5 n the e1p!oyee$ unou=te!y /ou! co11n high $!rie$ fro1 the top !/ fir1$ in '1eric+ n36 %o/e>er5 the euction >i$$ u$e =y *nin !/yer$ to o=tin their '1ericn !eg! euction on!y per1it one yer of /or: upon grution fro1 !/ $choo!5 $o the ttorney$ 1u$t GH23I return to *ni n fin e1p!oy1ent+ n3, *n fct5 $o1e of the$e ttorney$ re =etter euippe to pro>ie !eg! repre$enttion t o '1ericn corportion$ thn !/yer$ t e!ite '1ericn !/ fir1$+ n3 or in$tnce5 in n tte1pt to con>ince U+S+ !/ fir1$ tht hi$ e1p!oyee$ /ere cp=!e of pro>iing  high !e>e! of $er>ice5 "eon Stein=erg5 the founer of  !eg! $er>ice co1pny =$e in *ni5 h hi$ e1p!oyee$ chec: the /or:  prouct of  !rge5 D+C+ !/ fir1+ n3. The *nin e1p!oyee$ n!y?e  ptent pp!iction tht h pre>iou$!y =een fi!e /ith the U+S+ #tent n Tre1r: Office =y the D+C+ fir1+ n38 Stein=erg$ hunch /$ correct5 for the *nin !/yer$ foun $o1e error$ in the pp!iction5 one of /hich /$ $eriou$+ n39  There re fi>e re$on$ /hy *ni i$ t he 1o$t popu!r e$tintion for '1ericn fir1$ tht out$ource their !eg! /or:+ ir$t5 ue to the ti1e ifference =et/een the t/o countrie$5 *nin !/yer$ re =!e to perfor1 !eg! /or: o>ernight for U+S+ !/ fir1$ n60 Secon5 there re o>er  1i!!ion !/yer$ in *ni5 n .,5000 ne/ !/yer$ grute fro1 the *nin !/ $choo!$ e>ery yer+ n6 Thir5 the co$t $>ing$ for '1ericn !/ fir1$ i$ enor1ou$+ *n *ni5 the nnu! $!ry for ne/ !/yer$ $trt$ t  5000 U+S+ o!!r$5 n !/yer$ /ho grute fro1 one of the country$ 1o$t  pre$tigiou$ !/ $choo!$ 1y ern =et/een  35000 n  05000 U+S+ o!!r$+ n62 On the other hn5 grute$ fro1 the U+S+$ top !/ $choo!$ 1y ern 1ore thn  005000 U+S+ o!!r$ in their fir$t yer of /or:+ n63 '$  re$u!t5 *nin !eg! $er>ice pro>ier$ perfor1 the $1e /or: $ $o1e of the 1o$t pre$tigiou$ U+S+ !/ fir1$ for  frction of the co$t+ n66 *n the Unite Stte$5 ; ptent nor1!!y co$t$  205000 or  305000@ in *ni they o it for  ,5000 or  5000+; n6, *n ition5 ;one recent $tuy report$ tht GH26I e1p!oyee$ in *ni chrge on!y  60 n hour $ co1pre to the  20 n hour chrge =y U+S+ fir1$ for co1pr=!e /or:+; n6 ourth5 the *nin !eg! $y$te1 i$ !rge!y =$e on the riti$h co11on !/5 Au$t !i:e the U+S+$ !eg! $y$te1+ n6. The fifth n fin! re$on tht *ni h$ =eco1e the 1o$t popu!r e$tintion for out$ource !eg! /or: i$ t ht *ni !/yer$ $pe: Eng!i$h n h>e =een eucte in Eng!i$h+ n68 '!ong the$e !ine$5 one !eg! $er>ice pro>ier5 in orer to 1 :e $ure it offer$ the highe$t !e>e! of $er>ice$ to '1ericn !/ fir1$ n corportion$5 conuct$ ; >ery $tringent n ro=u$t initi! trining progr1 on U+S+ con$titution! !/ n the u$e of  on!ine !eg! t=$e$ !i:e "ee in t he #rctice of "eg! Out$ourcing  Fhi!e it i$ true tht 1ny !eg! $er>ice pro>ier$ re cp=!e of pro>iing $oun n thorough !eg! >ice to '1ericn c!ient$5 the$e pro>ier$ re not !icen$e to prctice !/ in the Unite Stte$5 n ;on!y !/yer$ /ho re !icen$e in the U+S+ cn gi>e !eg! >ice on '1ericn !/+; n, Since foreign !/yer$ cn 1ere!y pro>ie $upport to '1ericn !/yer$ n !/ fir1$5 it i$ e$$enti! tht nyone /ho engge$ in !eg! out$ourcing thorough!y eer it to their c!ient n en$ure tht no ethic$ ru!e$ h>e =een >io!te+ n,2  Nu1erou$ peop!e in the !eg! profe$$ion h>e ri$e concern$ =out the prctice of !eg! out$ourcing+ One  prticu!r concern i$ tht ;U+S+ ethic$ ru!e$ 1y not pp!y to G foreignI per$on5 =ut /ou! $ti!! pp!y to the !/yer /ho out$ource the /or:+; n,3 Mny !/yer$ re $i1p!y not co1fort=!e $ening their c!ient$ !eg! /or: to  country /here !/yer$ re not !eg!!y =oun =y U+S+ ethic$ ru!e$+ n,6  GH2,I  Not on!y re 1e1=er$ of the !eg! profe$$ion concerne =out the prctice of !eg! out$ourcing5 '1ericn corportion$ n in$titution$ re !$o une$y =out $ening their !eg! /or: o>er$e$+ One prtner t n 't!nt7=$e inte!!ectu! property fir1 c:no/!ege$ tht ;out$ourcing 1:e$  !ot of $en$e /hen it co1e$ to rfting ptent pp!iction$G5I; =ut then note$ tht ;hi$ c!ient$ rent rey to t:e tht !ep + + + + Theyre concerne =out o>er$e$ co1petitor$ getting /in of their in>ention$+; n,, Si1i!r!y5 nother 't!nt ptent ttorney ee routine!y $i theyre not co1fort=!e /ith the !c: of contro! + + + +; n,  "eg! out$ourcing ;h$ =een co1pre to the u$e of te1porry !/yer$ =y o1e$tic !/ fir1$+; n,. Since 1o$t $tte =r $$ocition$ h>e not >oice their opinion regring /hether !eg! out$ourcing i$ per1itte uner the prticu!r 

$tte$ ethic$ ru!e$5 1ny 1e1=er$ of the !eg! profe$$ion =e!ie>e tht '' or1! Opinion 8873,5 n,8 /hich re$$e$ the u$e of te1porry !/yer$ (!$o :no/n $ contrct ! /yer$)5 !$o pp!ie$ to the out$ourcing of ! eg! /or:+ n,9

 %o/e>er5 the recent opinion fro1 the Ne/ 4or: City r 1o$t certin!y /i!! $er>e $  =etter guie!ine for U+S+ ttorney$ n !/ fir1$ /ho current!y engge in or re con$iering engging in !eg! out$ourcing5 $ it i$ !i:e!y tht other $tte$ /i!! re!y he>i!y on thi$ opinion /hene>er they confront the i$$ue of !eg! out$ourcing+ Thi$ opinion 1y !o/er the =rrier for ethic! concern$ n0 n pro>ie $$urnce to '1ericn !/yer$ tht !eg! out$ourcing !i:e!y i$  per1itte uner the ethic$ ru!e$ of ech $tte+ urther1ore5 the opinion !i:e!y /i!! h>e  tre1enou$ effect on the !eg! out$ourcing inu$try5 for 1ny of the country$ top !/ fir1$ re !octe in Ne/ 4or: City5 n n fir1$ $uch $ the$e !i:e!y /i!! continue uti!i?ing out$ourcing in the future+ GH2I *+ Ne/ 4or: City r Opinion 20073  The ue$tion ri$e in Ne/ 4or: City r Opinion 20073 i$ /hether  Ne/ 4or: !/yer 1y ethic!!y out$ource !eg! /or: to foreign countrie$ if the per$on pro>iing !eg! $upport $er>ice$ i$ not 1itte to prctice !/ in the Unite Stte$+ urther5 if $uch !eg! out$ourcing i$ per1itte5 then /ht ethic! con$iertion$ 1u$t out$ourcing !/yer$ re$$+ n2 The co11ittee fir$t c:no/!ege$ the =enefit$ of out$ourcing !eg! /or: n3 n co1pre$ out$ourcing !eg! /or: to e!egting t$:$ to !eg! c!er:$ n $ecretrie$+ n6 The co11ittee then conc!ue$ tht !eg! out$ourcing oe$ not >io!te the Ne/ 4or: "/yer$ Coe of #rofe$$ion! &e$pon$i=i!ity (Ne/ 4or: Coe)+ n,  'fter conc!uing tht the Ne/ 4or: Coe uthori?e$ the prctice of !eg! out$ourcing5 the co11ittee re$$e$ the ethic! o=!igtion$ of n out$ourcing tt orney+ n The opinion conc!ue$ tht the Ne/ 4or: ttorney 1u$t ;() $uper>i$e the non7!/yer n en$ure tht the non7!/yer$ /or: contri=ute$ to the !/yer$ co1petent repre$enttion of the c!ient@ (=) pre$er>e the c!ient$ confience$ n $ecret$ /hen out$ourcing@ (c) >oi conf!ict$ of intere$t /hen out$ourcing@ ()  =i!! for out$ourcing pproprite!y@ n (e) o=tin >nce c!ient con$ent for out$ourcing+; n.  '+ The Duty to '>oi 'iing  Non7"/yer in the Unuthori?e #rctice of "/  Uner D& 370(') of the Ne/ 4or: Coe5 ; !/yer $h!! not i  non7!/yer in the unuthori?e prctice of !/+; n8 Si1i!r!y5 the '' Moe! &u!e$ of #rofe$$ion! Conuct ,+,() (Moe! &u!e$) $tte$ tht ; !/yer $h!! not  prctice !/ in  Auri$iction in >io!tion of the regu!tion of the !eg! profe$$ion in tht Auri$iction5 or $$i$t nother in oing $o+; n9 GH2.I The co11ittee note$ tht !/yer$ ;1u$t u$e their profe$$ion! $:i!! to $et the $cope of the out$ource /or: n re>ie/ the co1p!ete /or: prouct to en$ure u!ity+; n.0  + The Dutie$ to Super>i$e n to &epre$ent  C!ient Co1petent!y Fhen Out$ourcing O>er$e$  *n Ne/ 4or:5 the $uper>i$ory re$pon$i=i!itie$ of ttorney$ n ! / fir1$ re $et forth in D& 706(C) n. n D& 706(D)+ n.2 Un!i:e the Ne/ 4or: Coe5 in /hich one ru!e go>ern$ the $uper>i$ion of =oth !/yer$ n non!/yer$5 the Moe! &u!e$ contin t/o $eprte ru!e$- one for the $uper>i$ion of other ! /yer$ n one for the $uper>i$ion of non!/yer $$i$tnt$+ Moe! &u!e ,+ go>ern$ the !/yer$ re$pon$i=i!itie$ regring other !/yer$5 n.3 /here$ Moe! &u!e ,+3 go>ern$ the !/yer$ re$pon$i GH28I =i!itie$ regring non!/yer $$i$tnt$+ n.6 '!though the Ne/ 4or: Coe n the Moe! &u!e$ re orgni?e ifferent!y5 =oth e$t=!i$h the $1e utie$ for !/yer$ regring the $uper>i$ion of non!/yer $$i$tnt$+  The Ne/ 4or: co11ittee $tte$ tht ue to the fore1entione ru!e$ n ue t o the hur!e$ i1po$e =y the !ong i$tnce =et/een Ne/ 4or: !/yer$ n foreign !/yer$5 Ne/ 4or: !/yer$ 1u$t =e /tchfu! n creti>e in crrying out their uty to $uper>i$e foreign !/yer$+ n., Opinion 20073 reco11en$ tht the out$ourcing ttorney fir$t con$ier o=tining ;=c:groun infor1tion =out ny inter1eiry e1p!oying or engging the non7!/yer + + + G$ /e!! $I the  profe$$ion! re$u1e of the non7!/yer+; n. Secon5  pruent !/yer $hou! conuct reference chec:$ on the non!/yer+ n.. Thir5 the out$ourcing ttorney $hou! con$ier int er>ie/ing the foreign /or:er in >nce5 either >i te!ephone or /e= c$t5 to eter1ine their $uit=i!ity for the prticu!r proAect+ n.8 in!!y5 the co11ittee reco11en$ tht the Ne/ 4or: !/yer co11unicte /ith the o>er$e$ /or:er uring the $$ign1ent to en$ure tht the /or:er co1prehen$ the prticu!r $$ign1ent n i$ co1p!eting the $$ign1ent in ccornce /ith the !/yer$ ee the C!ient$ Confience$ n Secret$ Fhen Out$ourcing O>er$e$

 D& 670() of the Ne/ 4or: Coe co1pe!$  !/yer to pre$er>e the confience$ n $ecret$ of hi$ c!i ent$+ n80 'ccoring to the ru!e5  GH29I ;confience; i$ ;infor1tion protecte =y the ttorney7c!ient pri>i!ege uner pp!ic=!e !/5; /hi!e  ;$ecret; i$ ny ;infor1tion gine in the profe$$ion! re!tion$hip tht the c!ient h$ reue$te =e he! in>io!te or the i$c!o$ure of /hich /ou! =e e1=rr$$ing or /ou! =e !i:e!y to =e etri1ent! to the c!ient+; n8 urther1ore5 D& 670(D) reuire$ the Ne/ 4or: !/yer to ;eent hi$ or her e1p!oyee$5 $$ocite$5 n other$ /ho$e $er>ice$ re uti!i?e =y t he !/yer fro1 i$c!o$ing or u$ing confience$ or $ecret$ of  c!ient + + + +; n82 The rfter$ of the Moe! &u!e$5 on the other hn5 too:  ifferent pproch regring protecting confienti! infor1tion+ n83 *n$te of i$tingui$hing =et/een confience$ n $ecret$5 Moe! &u!e + =ro!y $tte$ tht ; !/yer $h!! not re>e! infor1tion re!ting to the repre$enttion of  c!ient un!e$$ the c!ient gi>e$ infor1e con$ent + + + +; n86  The Ne/ 4or: co11ittee conc!ue$ tht if the out$ourcing $$ign1ent co1pe!$ the !/yer to i>u!ge c!ient confience$ or $ecret$ to the o>er$e$ /or:er5 then the Ne/ 4or: ttorney $hou! o=tin the c!ient$ infor1e con$ent  =efore out$ourcing the !eg! /or:+ n8, Opinion 20073 !$o reuire$ the Ne/ 4or: !/yer to =e con$ciou$ of ifferent !/$ n trition$ tht go>ern the confienti!ity of infor1tion =ro+ n8 in!!y5 the Ne/ 4or: GH2.0I City r $tte$ tht !/yer$ cn t:e certin 1 e$ure$5 $uch $ re$tricting cce$$ to $ecret$ n confience$5 in$erting contrctu!  pro>i$ion$ go>erning confienti!ity n re1eie$ for the =rech of confience$5 n perioic!!y re1ining the o>er$e$ ttorney regring confienti!ity5 to he!p pre$er>e  c!ient$ $ecret$ n confience$+ n8.  D+ The Duty to i!! 'pproprite!y for Out$ourcing O>er$e$  The Ne/ 4or: co11ittee conc!ue$ tht $ince the o>er$e$ /or:er technic!!y i$ not perfor1ing !eg! $er>ice$5 it i$ inpproprite for the Ne/ 4or: !/yer or !/ fir1 to chrge the c!ient for the co$t of out$ourcing+ n88 'ccoring to the opinion5 ;=$ent  $pecific gree1ent /i th the c!ient to the contrry5 the !/yer $hou! chrge the c!ient no 1ore thn the irect co$t $$ocite /ith out$ourcing5 p!u$  re$on=!e !!oction of o>erhe eiing tht $er>ice+; n89 '' or1! Opinion 9373.95 n90 /hich re$$e$ ethic! i1p!iction$ ri$ing uring the hiring of te1porry !/yer$5 co1e$ to the $1e conc!u$ion regring out$ourcing fee$+ n9  E+ The Duty to O=tin C!ient Con$ent efore Out$ourcing O>er$e$  The co11ittee fir$t note$ tht5 uner the Ne/ 4or: Coe5 if  !/yer out$ource$ /or: to  contrct or te1porry ttorney /ho p!y$ n integr! ro!e in the repre$enttion of the c!ient5 then the !/yer 1u$t i$c!o$e the nture of the /or: =eing perfor1e =y the te1porry ttorney to the c!ient+ n92 The co11ittee then eer$e$5 for !eg! $upport $tff ;often p!y 1ore !i1ite ro!e$ in 1tter$ thn contrct or te1porry !/yer$ o+; n93 %o/e>er5 ccoring to the co11ittee5 the pre$ence of one or 1ore ition! fctor$ 1y !ter thi$ n!y$i$+ n96 ir$t5 the out$ourcing !/yer 1y h>e to o=tin >nce c!ient con$ent if the foreign !/yer$ /i!! p!y  $ignificnt ro!e in the !eg! GH2.I 1tter+ n9, Secon5 if the '1ericn !/yer /i!! $hre $ecret$ n confience$ /ith the foreign !/yer5 >nce c!ient con$ent 1u$t  =e o=tine+ n9 Thir5 if the c!ient ence c!ient con$ent i$ nece$$ry if the c!ient i$ eier5 Mincre$t5 *nc+5 i$ !rey ten ti1e$ the $i?e it /$ t/o yer$ go+ n06 urther1ore5 Mincre$t5 *nc+  p!n$ to hire t/o hunre ition! e1p!oyee$ =y the en of 200.+ n0, 'nother !eg! $er>ice pro>ier5 't!$ "eg!

&e$erch5 on!y e1p!oye three *nin ttorney$ in 2006+ n0 y 200,5 it e1p!oye 30 *nin ttorney$ =ecu$e of n incre$e in e1n for it$ $er>ice$+ n0. y c!ering the /y for !eg! out$ourcing in the $tte of Ne/ 4or:5 n rgu=!y the re$t of the country5 Opinion 20073 cou! re$u!t in e>en greter gro/th for the entire !eg! out$ourcing inu$try+  ;'$ the G!eg! out$ourcingI inu$try continue$ to t:e off5; n the ! eg! profe$$ion =eco1e$ 1ore ttrcti>e in *ni5 1ore n 1ore *nin$ GH2.2I 1y tten !/ $choo!+ n08 Current!y5 the ;pec:ing orer Gin *niI i$ engineering5 1eicine5 M++'+5 C#' n then !/+; n09 %o/e>er5 1ny *nin$ 1y ecie to tten !/ $choo!5 in$te of $ee:ing !ternti>e profe$$ion! egree$5 $ !/yer$ $!rie$ incre$e+  The =enefit$ of !eg! out$ourcing fr out/eigh the ethic! i$$ue$ cco1pnying the out$ourcing of !eg! /or: o>er$e$+ '1ericn co1pnie$ tht uti!i?e foreign !/yer$ /i!! $>e n enor1ou$ 1ount of 1oney in !eg! fee$ ech yer5 n it i$ !i:e!y tht the$e co1pnie$ /i!! p$$ on the$e co$t $>ing$ to their con$u1er$+N   Moreo>er5  =ecu$e the '1ericn ttorney i$ $ti!! u!ti1te!y re$pon$i=!e for  foreign !/yer$ /or: prouct5 the u!ity of !eg! repre$enttion in the U+S+ /i!! not ecre$e5 e>en though the co$t certin!y /i!!+ n0 '!though n out$ourcing ttorney 1u$t =e /re of 1ny ethic! i$$ue$5 the$e i$$ue$ $hou! not pre>ent the inu$try fro1 =eco1ing 1ore popu!r in '1eric+ oreign /or:er$ pro>ie nu1erou$ =enefit$ to '1ericn co1pnie$ n to con$u1er$ in other inu$trie$5 n foreign /or:er$ cn pro>ie the $1e =enefit$ to the !eg! inu$try+ *n toy$ g!o=! econo1y5 it on!y 1:e$ $en$e for the !eg! profe$$ion to t:e >ntge of opportunitie$ >i!=!e through !eg! out$ourcing+  *+ Conc!u$ion  '$ it $ee1$ the !eg! out$ourcing inu$try on! y /i!! continue gro/ing5 it i$ e$$enti! tht '1ericn !/yer$ uner$tn the ethic! i1p!iction$ ri$e =y the proce$$+ '!though the Ne/ 4or: City r Opinion cn $er>e $  guie!ine for out$ourcing ttorney$ cro$$ the country5 it i$ i1portnt to note tht  !/yer in '!=15 for in$tnce5 technic!!y /ou! not =e protecte gin$t i$cip!inry proceeing$ or !/$uit$ $i1p!y =ecu$e they fo!!o/e the guie!ine$ $et forth in Opinion 20073+ %o/e>er5 it pper$ un!i:e!y tht ny $tte =r $$ocition /i!! co1p!ete!y  prohi=it the u$e of !eg! out$ourcing+ '$ $uch5 n ttorney or  !/ fir1 /ho oe$ here to Opinion 20073$ guie!ine$ $hou! h>e nothing to /orry =out+ Nonethe!e$$5 in orer to re$o!>e ny 1=iguit y5 it i$ reco11ene tht e>ery $tte  =r $$ocition i$$ue  for1! opinion $pecific!!y re$$ing the ethic! i1p!iction$ ri$e =y !eg! out$ourcing+ "eg! Topic$or re!te re$erch n prctice 1teri!$5 $ee the fo!!o/i ng !eg! topic$Co1puter  *nternet "/Tre Secret #rotectionE1p!oyee *n>ention$*nterntion! Tre "/*1port$  Eer>ie/"eg! Ethic$Unuthori?e #rctice of "/  OOTNOTES-

n The "/ &eport5 Out$ourcing "eg! Ser>ice$ ('C &io Ntion! Jn+ 25 200.)5 http-///+=c+net+u rn!/reportineen "/ ir1$ Join the Tren to Out$ourcing5 N+4+ T*MES5 Jn+ 35 2005 t C.5 >i!=!e t 200 F"N& .086+

n, '!i$on M+ Q?i:5 Note5 The Current Tren to Out$ource "eg! For: '=ro n the Ethic! *$$ue$ &e!te to Such #rctic e$5 9 EO+ J+ "E'" ET%*CS .35 .3 (200)+ MAor '1ericn !/ fir1$5 $uch $ :er  McQen?ie5 ic:e!  re/er5 n Orric: %errington5 re  Au$t  fe/ of the fir1$ engge in the out$ourcing of !eg! $er>ice$+ Mi1i S1ue!  "ure! Currie Ote$5 ro1 Oppre$$ion to Out$ourcing Ne/ Opportunitie$ for Ugn$ ro/ing Nu1=er of 'ttorney$ in Toy$ !ttening For!5 6 SE'TT"E J+ O& SOC+ JUST+ 83,5 8,7,.+

n i!! Myer$5 Co$t7cutting #u$ he$ "/yer Jo=$ O>er$e$5 C%*+ D'*"4 "+ U""+5 'pr+ 85 200,5 >i!=!e t http-///+1incre$t+co1chicgoi!y!/=u!!etin+pf+

n. See Q?i:5 $upr note ,5 t .3+

n8 Mou$hu1i 'nn5 "eg! &e$erch ro/ing !o=!!yKe1$hLU+S + ir1$ Out$ource For: for Court C$e$5 C%*+ D'*"4 %E&'"D5 Dec+ 25 200 ($tting tht ;Mincre$t n other !eg! out$ourcing fir1$ re eer/he!1ing 1Aority of the$e !eg! Ao=$ re =eing out$ource to *ni+;)+

n, Q?i:5 $upr note ,5 t .32+

n *+

n. The "/ &eport5 $upr note +

n8 *+ (;Fe re not con$iere to =e prcticing !/ in ny Auri$iction /hen  !/yer /ho i$ uthori?e to prctice in tht Auri$iction5 i$ hiring u$ to $upport the1+;)@ Di!=ec:5 $upr note 6 (noting tht ;"eg!E$e pro>ie$ on!y $upport $er>ice$ to ttorney$ n i$ not  !/ fir1+;)@ !ter5 $upr note 6 (ee !eg! >ice + + + + Fere  $er>ice pro>ier for !/ fir1$ n corporte !eg! eprt1ent$+; (uoting Do> "+ Sei1n5 the chief ee of "&N))+

n9 Di!=ec:5 $upr note 6+ See !$o The "/ &eport5 $upr note  (notin g tht in the e>ent  ocu1ent i$ rfte =!y or  1i$t:e i$ 1e in the interprettion of  ocu1ent5 the c!ient ;/i!! go fter the !/yerG5I; n not the !eg! $er>ice pro>ier)+

n20 N+4+ City or1! Op+ 200735 $upr note 2+

n2 *+

n22 Mrci "+ #roctor5 Con$iertion$ in Out$ourcing "eg! For:5 86 M*C%+ +J+ 205 20 (Sept+ 200,)5 >i!=!e t http-///+1ich=r+orgAourn!pfpf6rtic!e906+pf+

n23 *+

n26 *+

n2, *+

n2 Q?i:5 $upr note ,5 t .33 (uoting %e!en Co$ter5 riefe in ng!ore5 ir$t C!! Center$+ Then c: Office Opertion$+ No/5 "eg! Ser>ice$ re Mo>ing Off$hore+ Fi!! *ni$ "/yer$ %e!p &e$hpe the U+S+ "eg! Mr:etR5 'M+ "'F+5 No>+ 5 20065 t 98)+

n2. *+

n28 See5 e+g+5 The "/ &eport5 $upr note @ "eery i$$ue ptent /e re>ie/+ Mny of the error$ re uni1portnt5 =ut other$5 $uch $  1i$$ing c!i15 cn i1pir the enforce=i!ity of the  ptent+;)+

n60 The "/ &eport5 $upr note @ Q?i:5 $upr note ,5 t .33@ roo:5 $upr note 295 t 0+

n6 The "/ &eport5 $upr note +

n62 *+

n63 See 'ny Q1enet?5 *$ Co!!ege Forth the Co$tR #rt 25 4hooP innce5 Sept+ 5 200.5 http-finnce+yhoo+co1eer  005000 + + + Gfor grute$ ofI top7 tier !/ $choo!$+;)+

n66 roo:5 $upr note 295 t 0 (;Fe pro>ie !rge7!/7fir17 u!ity /or: t !iter!!y one7thir of the price+;)+

n6, The "/ &eport5 $upr note +

n6 Q?i:5 $upr note ,5 t .3+

n6. E1i!y Qopp5 ' S1!!er "eg! For!5 U"TON COUNT4 D'*"4 &E#O&T5 Dec+ 35 200,5 >i!=!e t http-///+!/+co1A$pihc#u='rtic!e*%C+A$pRi36396,03869@ The "/ &eport5 $upr note +

n68 S1ue!  Ote$5 $upr note ,5 t 8,8+

n69 Di!=ec:5 $upr note 6 (uoting "eg!E$e /e=$ite)+

n,0 *+

n, Q?i:5 $upr note ,5 t .36 (uoting Qry$ten Cr/for5 Out$ourcing the "/yer$- ' 'ttorney to the ro/ing "i$t of Fhite7Co!!r Jo=$ eing Shippe O>er$e$+ %o/ r Fi!! *t oR5 CNN MONE45 Oct+ ,5 20065 http-1oney+cnn+co1200606ne/$econo1y!/yerout$ourcing)+

n,2 *+

n,3 #roctor5 $upr note 225 t 22+

n,6 *+

n,, Qopp5 $upr note 6. (uoting &o=ert '+ %oge$ of Nee!e  &o$en=erg)+

n, *+ (uoting Miche! "$:y of Spect&< *nc+)+

n,. Q?i:5 $upr note ,5 t .36+

n,8 '' Co11+ on Ethic$ n #rof! &e$pon$i=i!ity5 or1! Op+ 8873, (988) (conc!uing tht the fo!!o/ing ethic$ ru!e$ re i1p!icte  =y the hiring of te1porry !/yer$- () >oiing conf!ict$ of intere$t (2) 1intining confienti!ity of infor1tion (3) i$c!o$ing to c!ient$ the fee rrnge1ent =et/een the !/ fir1 n the te1porry !/yer n (6) 1intining profe$$ion! inepenence fro1 the !/yer  perfor1ing the /or:)+

n,9 #roctor5 $upr note 225 t 22 ( ;'' or1! Opinion 8873, pro>ie$  >!u=!e o>er>ie/ of the type$ of ethic$ concern$ tht ri$e in contrcting !eg! /or:5 /hen the contrct !/yer i$ =oun =y U+S+ ethic$ ru!e$+;)+

n0 &on rie1nn  Joy "onon5 De>e!op1ent$ in "eg! Out$ourcing n Off$horing5 "'F "*&'&*'N NEFS5 No>+ 225 2005 >i!=!e t http-///+!!rio!tion of the Di$cip!inry &u!e$ =y nother !/yer or for conuct of  non7!/yer e1p!oye or retine =y or $$ocite /ith the !/yer tht /ou! =e  >io!tion of the Di$cip!inry &u!e$ if engge in =y  !/yer if + The !/yer orer$5 or irect$ the $pecific conuct5 or5 /ith :no/!ege of the $pecific conuct5 rtifie$ it@ or   2+ The !/yer i$  prtner in the !/ fir1 in /hich the other !/yer prctice$ or the non7!/yer i$ e1p!oye5 or h$ $uper>i$ory uthority o>er the other !/yer or the non7!/yer5 n :no/$ of $uch conuct5 or in the ei$ory uthority $hou! h>e :no/n of the conuct $o tht re$on=!e re1ei! ction cou! =e or cou! h>e =een t:en t  ti1e /hen it$ con$euence$ cou! =e or cou! h>e =een >oie or 1itigte+  N+4+ CODE D& 706(D)5 in NEF 4O&Q ST'ND'&D C**" #&'CT*CE SE&*CE ("eice$ o>er$e$ i$ not perfor1ing !eg! $er>ice$+ *t i$ thu$ inpproprite for the Ne/ 4or: !/yer to inc!ue the co$t of out$ourcing in hi$ or her !eg! fee$+;)+

n89 *+

n90 '' Co11+ on Ethic$ n #rof! &e$pon$i=i!ity5 or1! Op+ 9373.9 (993)+

n9 N+4+ City or1+ Op+ 200735 $upr note 2+ (noting tht ccoring to '' or1! Opinion 9373.95 ;=$ent  $pecific gree1ent /ith the c!ient to the contrry5 the !/yer $hou! chrge the c!ient no 1ore thn the irect co$t $$ocite /ith out$ourcing5 p!u$  re$on=!e !!oction of o>erhe eiing tht $er>ice+;)+

n92 *+

n93 *+ (;Thu$5 there i$ !itt!e purpo$e in reuiring  !/yer to ref!ee!y infor1  c!ient e>ery ti1e tht the !/yer inten$ to out$ource !eg! $upport $er>ice$ o>er$e$ to  non7!/yer+;)+

n96 *+

n9, *+

n9 N+4+ City or1+ Op+ 200735 $upr note 2+

n9. *+

n98 *+

n99 The "/ &eport5 $upr note +

n00 *+

n0 *+

n02 *+

n03 *+

n06 'nn5 $upr note 8+

n0, *+

n0 *+

n0. *+

n08 The "/ &eport5 $upr note +

n09 Eric e!!1n n Nthn Qoppe!5 U+S+ 5 riti$h Co1pnie$ Sen More For: to *ni@ #tent 'pp!iction$ re ig5 T%E F'"" ST&EET JOU&N'"5 Sept+ 285 200,5 t  (uoting '!o: 'ggr/!)+

n0 See $upr note$ 6276 n cco1pnying te