The Encyclopedia of Gardening 1000114152
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THE
ENCYCLOP/EDIA OF
GARDENING.
DICTIONARY
A
GIVING
HOTHOUSE
TREES
THEIR
ANI"
TABLES, VEGE-
SPECIFIC
NAMES.
COMMON
"AND
HARDY
GREENHOUSE
AND
INCLUDING
Etc.,
THE
FRUIT,
FERNS,
ORCHIDS,
PLANTS,
OF
PLANTS,
HALF-HARDY
SHRUBS,
ETC.,,
SEQUENCE
PROPAGATION
AND
AND
PLANTS,
ALPHABETICAL
IN
CULTURE
CULTIVATED
OF
BY
F.L.S.. F.R.H.S.
|ANDERS, (Knight
Editor "The
0/ Pip6t
Glass
0/
the
Royal
Gardening"and
of "Amateur
"
Ordee
Farm
Alphabet of Gardening," "Amateur's and their Cultivation," "The
THIRTEENTH
LONDON
W. 148
H. "
"
of Wasa,
and
Sweden),
Garden'
;
Author
of
Greenhouse." "Vegetables
Flower Cardan," Etc.
EDITION.
:
L. COLLINGRIDGE,
149/ AUersgate St.. E.G.
"
L.
COLLINGBIDGE,
H.
W.
Printers,
Street. Aldersgate
E.C. London,
FOREWORDS
Ix
issuing this, has
which thus
the
on
testified
culture
of all the
its value
ferns, hardy plants,hothouse of
vegetables worthy Author
desires who
persons
point
he
that an
out
have
errors
The
of
the
general
therein.
Reader
wiU
"
Therein
he
rotation
of
illustrated
volumes,
as
the
the
the
only
to
"
to
to
and
subjects
of
with the
all that
at
diagrams.
reader
a
to
of
the
growth
garden
comparatively
and
Furnished
will, indeed,
pertains
adornment
food,
fully dealt with,
crops
and
small
possess of
it
houses. green-
latter
the
the
as
ments improve-
add
Alphabet the
find
information
and
needful
saj-
successful
the
to
for
tc
to
will
Reader
work
Anithor's
the
time
to
gardens
remarks
companion find
many
here
that
ing of Garden-
present
volume.
plant life, soils,
propagation, pruning, planting, training,
manures,
for the
find
will
of It is
excellent
an
on
features
guide
in their
introductory
time
of this volume
refer
to
the
to
past editions, and
valued
grown
begs
his
made
and
from
the
gardens,
gratitude
in
purchaser
plants
Author
portion
the
omissions
acceptable, useful
British
him
to
reference
trees, shrubs, orchids,
in
his
written
every
of
place
a
work
a
greenhouse plants, and
and
express
or
trusts
cultivation
to
to
of
genera
of
work
a
as
of
editions, and
twelve
previously passed through
abundantly
edition
revised
thoroughly
a
in
all
a
freely
cases
these
with
and
concise
two
library
vegetation adapted
greenhouse
and
for
use
cost.
T.
W.
S.
"^ "^ ^
"8" "#*""^
INTRODUCTION.
The
of all Great of
gardening is unquestionablythe oldest human occupations.Holy Writ tells us that when the Architect of the universe created Adam, the progenitor earthlyparadise, race, He placed him in that delightful and
art
our
the
Garden
who
have
craft of
of
adopted
have
dress
to
the noble to
reason
every ancient and
honourable
recreative
grand
a
as
of
means
a
have
to
of
belonging to
share
but
art
so
have
adopted
and
craft
as
similarlygrateful
a
GARDENS.
AND
long vista of time that has passed since the first gardener practisedthe art, first for pleasure,and
afterwards failed
of existence
means
practisethe
who
GARDENERS
old
a
We, therefore,
its virtues.
PRIMEVAL
the
it.
keep
to
craft,while those who
pursuit,cannot
appreciationof
In
and
as profession justlyproud
feel
professions,and
other a
Eden,
a
subsistence,gardening has
fascination
magic
rich. and
for
poor
never
of
all
told, experienceddelightin cultivating in growing the vine,fig,and almond ; Solomon in making gardens,orchards, and vineyards; and the ancient Egyptians,Assyrians,Chinese, Greeks, and Romans, in the
Noah, ages. the vine ; Jacob
we
are
fashioning of gardens,or In and
art
King
to
craft has Solomon
The or
in them
water
been
ever
tells us
hedges
been
of fruits and
that
wood
period
:
I
-protect the
and
time, the
tables. vegenoble
fascinatingpursuit.
that,
"
amateur
I
planted me orchards,and I planted made me pools of water,
that were
all
enthusiastic
an
in Ecclesiastes
of fruits
the
to
popular
gardens and
me
of all kind
of
a
have
must
therewith
gardens thick
cultivation
fact, throughout all ages and
gardener, since he vineyards: I ma^e trees
the
bringeth forth enclosed crops
from
trees."
by walls prowling
INTROVUCTWX.
the vine, fig,pomebeasts,and the crops grown therein were granate,, walnut, a^ond,medlar, and quince; lettuce,endive, cucumbers, onionsi leeks, garlic, and meilons; and roses, galore. In the hot, dry climate of Palestine watering was. an duits indispensableoperation, and hence reservoirs and confor irrigating the land had always to be provided. In
ancient
Persia
maintained
on
an
great cities. Not
and
fashioned and Assyriagardens were elaborate stylein the neighbourhoodof all all the choicest of the native only were
flora utilised in their far-off
The
the wonder
were
of
climes.
and
famous
civilised world.
of
These above
twenty plateaux,risingone walls 22ft. in
restingon
obtained
Gardens
Hanging
of the then
less than
no
adornment, but others
fron"
Babyloa consisted
the
other,
thickness,and each plantedwith
other
kept in constant growth by artificial vegetation, watering. In Egypt, too, gardenswere elaborately fashioned, sculptureand masonry enteringlargelyinto their formation and decoration. In these they grew of fruit, every kind trees
or
vegetables,and flowers,all watered from by irrigation
of which
the
had
Nile, or
be
to
by
unceasingly
the hand
of th"
slave. MEDIEVAL The
Grecians
also
GARDENING.
famous
togardeners. They seem have taken special delightin having fine expanses of beautiful with nished greensward, studded statuary and pavilions,and fur-
with
shady
and these keen
the
the
Roman
gardens.
the
So far that
manuring
brought highestperfectionat
pastime with we
as
own
the
owe
and
rich and
our
The
arts
in
and
orchards grew
that of
corn,
the
were-
and forcing,
may
be
said
and
agriculturetohistory. India, too, gardeningwas a popular
poor
that
periodof the world's
long before
the Christian
era.
country is concerned, there is little doubt earlyintroduction of horticulture,and its
to the Romans. agriculture, subjugatedthe ancient Britons, and us
indeed,
popular vegetablesof Moreover, they fully
of horticulture
sister art tells
vated, lavishlyculti-
Romans,
grew many with great success.
China, Mexico,
were
roses
of the
the art of
have
trees
in profusion Id grown less magnificentand less regal in splendour
Not
present day
their In
Fruit
gardeners,and
understood to
groves.
lilies, narcissi,and
gardens. were
were
Roman
settlers
When
they had finally prevailed,history peace planted vineyards and
apples,pears, figs,mulberries, etc., as well a? not only for home use, but also for exportation.
INTRODUCTION,.
4^
In the twelfth
in the
century it is recorded that vineyardsflourished of Gloucester, apple were plentifulin, orclyftrds
vale
the
fertile county of "Worcester, marfcet Fulham, and that gardens attached to
gardens the
.
baron,
and
yeoman,,
England.
hind
fairlycommon'
wer.e
existed
homes
of
at
th"
throughout
But
these gardenswere not of the neat and symmetrical order of those,of the present day. They were, simple:
patches or enclosures and
walls, planted with fruits,vegetables, The monks of the Middle Ages were great, superioreducation, peaceful calling,and.
herbs.
gardeners.
within
Their
general habits fitted them in
in the
were
to undertake
habit
of
GENESIS
OF
in the
was
began lay out
culture
of produce
Moreover, they^ travellinga- great deal, and had the-,
opportunityof securingnew cultivate in their gardens.
It
the
the-cmtilageof their monasteries.
to be
their
reignof
gardenson
to cultivate
The
first,book
-
ENGLISH
a
plantsfor
produce to..
.
Britons
medicine
entitled
then
gardening,
began to"
plan than before,,
ornamental and
gardening,
on
-
of
III. that the art of
in hand.
inore use
forms
GARDENING.
Edward
taken seriously
and
improved
or "
extensively..
more "
De
Yconomia
de-
Housbrandia," by Walter de Henley, appeared in the 16th century, and others soon followed, including the quaint Thomas of the garden and' Tusser, who detailed the work
.
farm in pleasingrhyme. In Henry VIII. 's reignthe gardens o"' Nonsuch, and Hampton Court were laid out with regal splendour, in and Queen Bess's time the potato, tobacco,tea, and ai of other useful or ornamental number plants and trees wereintroduced
foreignclimes to enrich the gardens of theperiod. Evelyn, then a. great writer and traveller,did a from
great deal to populariseand extend the art of gardeningy and botanist,publishedhisand Gerard, the famous surgeon esteemed Herbal, a work still highly valued at the present-
day.
John
Paradisus
Parkinson
later
on
"
published his
valuable a terestris,"
work, which
Paradisi gave
sole in-
great-
the art of gardeningat the time. impetus to furthering In the eighteenth made in" century marvellous strides were the progress of gardening. People of,wealth began to lay out scale, form parks, and plant gardens oh; a- mag-nificent for ornament and use. Botanic trees formed gardens were at Chelsea, Cambridge, and Kew, and greenhouses glazed' heated first brought intO" with glass and- artificially were "
.
INTRODUCTION.
practicaluse 18th
the
at
period.
was,
however, woefullylacking in skill and
century the art
possess
ordinary crops, but failed initiative of growing the choicer vegetables Holland from be had to these imported
could
He intelligence. to
or
able
been
have
of
the art
understand
to
improved, and to securingearlycrops
have
to
seems
ensuringsuccessional supplies.
and
It
the
most
the
improvement
varieties
the
of
did
much
so
hardy fruits;
our
designingand plantingof of his remarkable paedia Encyclopublication
Loudon,
Claudius
in the
gardens and
of
Knight,who
Andrew
experts as Thomas
eminent John
century that gardeningin all its phases rapid strides,thanks to the efforts of such
in the last
was
made
CENTURY.
LAST
THE
IN
GARDENING
in
cultivate
fruit,hence Flanders. Later, he and
and
gardener of professional
The
that
in the
Gardening, and Trees and Shrubs, etc. both works of personal showing a unique mental capacityand an amount Sir the Joseph present time; industryunequalledto of
,
Paxton, the talented gardenerand designerof the gardensof Chatsworth rendered
the Crystal Palace; Charles service to botany and immeasurable his researches
of
of to
and
plantsby Dr. Lindley,who did so species; plant physiologyand botany ; and
studies much
the to
as
for
ment improvethe in
us
records
of
"
greatnessthat
will
never
origin regard
Masters, in character, high ideals,
Dr.
Maxwell
all men of noble coniferse and the widest scientific and practical attainments, who alas I gone to their well-earned rest, and left behind
regard to
who
Darwin,
and
die out
so
long
as
have, them culture horti-
exists. a would, indeed, be an impossibletask to mention even tithe of those, livingor dead, who have, during the past for the art of horticulture,either century, done so much
It
"
by pen or deed. enjoyed,the more
The
the immense
rendered, and
subject,have
our
the
long period of peace which we have widely diffused education which has prevailed, which the help plethoraof societies has marvellous conducive
of literature
on
the
culture extendinga love of hortifar and wide throughoutthe kingdom. It may truly be said that there is hardly a house outside congestedcities that does not possess a garden, and even
in towns
all been
increase
where
gardeningoften
garden
space
stimulates
the
to
does
not
exist, the
citizen to form
a
love
of
miniature
ISTHOD
garden
the
on
roof, or
UGTION.
to
flowers
grow
Commercially, too, gardening has Thousands of fifty years.
the last
the
on
window-sill.
made
rapid strides during
acres
are
devoted
to growing
produce market, and hundreds of acres covered are houses to force early glass to feed the eveicrops ture increasing populationof this country. Commercial horticulfor
"with
is,indeed, a great industry, and is likely to in years to come. The latest new the intensive industry system of growing more
so
"
frames, tried
as
successfully practised in
so
in this
country,
still
phase of early crops
the in
France is now being if it should prove a practical shall in due course this island see "
and
and
financial success, we converted into a colonyof
TASTE
As
become
gardens.
IN
GARDENING.
in
gardening,a wonderful change has taken place in this respect during the last half century. Our own memories carry us back to fortyyears ago, and regardstaste
since that
only
not
of
time
have
we
in the
fashioningof
planting,and
our
earliest
witnessed
the kinds
of
a
remarkable
in the
plants grown.
For
experienceof flower
manner
example, strictly similarly days the
the
gardening plantingof beds in a as carpet bedding. In those tricolored,bronze, golden,and
geometricalin
design,and
rigidfashion
^known
"
revolution,
gardens,but
was
the
zonal, and the flaring leaved pelargonium,the gaudy yellow calceolaria, and and
thrum,
brilliant blue
the
lobelia,were
the
silverpyre-
favoured
plantsfor bedding, and hardy herbaceous plantsand annuals were regardedas but of secondaryimportance. Every young gardener in those days regarded a knowledge of geometry and of the essential accomplishmentsof his training, one as many mosaic
an
hour
spent in devisingintricate designsof
was
a
Plants plantingthe beds the next season. much in demand with beautiful or richly-coloured were foliage of labour and expense and no amount in the designs, for filling was
character
incurred
in
for
endeavouringto produce elaborate
of carpet the way satiated the palateof the
designsin
or
mosaic
and
bedding.
ornate
This
style
wealthy,and then followed the even more bedding,plantsof noble costlyrage of subtropical or exquisiteblossoms from stature, richly-ooloured foliage, tropicalclimes, being used extensivelyfor decoratingthe flower garden. Eventually an apostleof Nature came upon soon
the
scene,
in
the
person
of
Mr.
William
Robinson,
a
true
INTRODUCTION.
to
that
see
or
sequence,
However,
a
subject
every
fullyas
as
readers for the
by
form, and
in volume
text
acceded
we
tion publica-
to
it, not
perfectas we could wish. being called for, the necessityeventually work to be reset in new type, and then,
without
misgivingsthat
Edition
after edition
for the entire
arose
made
done.
have
otherwise
should
we
strong requestwas
of the
presentedin alphabetical
was
it
as
was
decided to we publishers, the details undertake the laborious task of thoroughly revising weak and nomenclature, and remedying the one pointin the volume, namely, adding lists of the speciesbelongingto each with
the
full
genus. This work
happilyfinished,and
have
we
the
of
concurrence
in its
self-conscious to believe that the work be considered could
care
We
possiblyexpect.
it is absolutelyfree
from
do
few, indeed, who
very
difficulties that
have
to
arrangingthe data, the proofs. Still, from
knows
have
and
who
full well
task has been
a
heartilyby not onlyin
to
say
had
any
there
are
the
immense
subsequent reading of the pleasantone, as the Author
past experiencethat his efforts will be thousands
will
collectingand
in
encountered
as
has
dictionary and
a
in the
far
so
go
"
^knows
"
be
not
Anyone
error.
experiencein the compilationof
present form
and foresight, diligence,
human
perfectas
as
sufficiently
are
we
.of enthusiastic
amateur
ciated appre-
deners, gar-
Britain,but beyond the seas. It will be well, perhaps,to give a general idea of the improvements that have been made in the present volume. First of
all,we
of the text which
subjectinto feature
have
broken
up
the
somewhat
existed in previouseditions
several
distinct.
the cultural
Great
paragraphs,so
in the data, giving,
the main especially, of these crops. Thirdly,we hybrids in generalcultivation
case
as
have with
each
cultural
added of
considerablyto vegetablesand fruit, the
points about
more
by dividingthe
to make
have
Secondly, we
solid nature
added their
market
culture
the
speciesand respectivecolours,
height,and native countries,these being flowering, classified as hardy,half-hardy, annuals, biennials,perennials, and trees shrubs, green-houseor hot-house plants,so that the reader may perceiveat a glancethe sections under which is classified. Fourthly,we have thoroughlyrevised a species of
time
of the genera, botanists modern
the nomenclature
Thus, rhododendrons,
date. the
so
as
to
bringthem
class the
up-to-
azaleas with now with the Oenotheras,the rhothe godetias
INTRODUCTION.
danthes
with
we
details
are
have
we
sequence, facts he the the
the
This arrangement helipterums, and so on. followed, so far as placingthe speciesand cultural concerned. of cross references,however, By means in their proper placed the old familiar names that the reader so can easilyget a clue to the
have
requires. Fifthly,cultural details are given under genericname only, as the apple and pear under Pyrus; and plum cherry under Prunus; the cabbage, broccoli,
etc., under
Brassica; carrot under Daucus; auricula t'.ndpolyanthus under and have included on. Primula, so Lastly,we
in
in general use. names alphabeticalorder all the common As regards the genera in the present volume, they included those in general cultivation in gardens. Those are only of botanical interest,or little grown, are excluded, because that the we are desirous, in conjunctionwith the publishers, volume
shall
be
issued
at
a
price within
the
all
of
means
classes of amateur
gardeners. readers that we should suggested by many give the pronunciation of the generic and specificnames included in the work. We certainlydid entertain the idea, but eventuallyfound the task an insuperable Authorities one. in their ideas as to the correct pronunciation, vary so much that had we with the aid of a good attempted the task, even friend and a distinguishedclassical scholar, we should have It has
been
laid ourselves
involved
to
open
criticism.
severe
in
the settingup the^work being issued LAST
A
Now
at
a
would
have
vented pre-
popular price. THE
READER.
introduction,embracing
a
brief,general
of the
survey
of gardening from the earliest to the progress period, and of the general features of the volume,
present with
close this
we
accentuations
TO
WORD
Besides, the expense
sincere
a
of information
hope in
a
that small
the
busy
compass,
man,
who
fund
requiresa
will find this work
"
^the
ence, fortyyears'practicaland scientific study and experiincludingtwenty-one years' specialacquaintance with
reflex of the
needs
of amateur
" "
a
real
appertains to the greenhouse.
"
dening Gargardeners as Editor of Amateur friend, guide, and counsellor in all that culture of vegetationin the garden and T. W.
S.
Brevity
the
is
short
A
saying
soul
of
oft
yf'A.^
Shakespeare.
much
contains
Sophocles.
wisdom. "
It
is
with
with
words
the
sunbeams
condensed
ihe
they more
;
as
daeper
they
bum.
Southey.
are "
ENCYCLOPAEDIA Aaron's
Beard
Aaron's
Rod
OF
GARDENING.
See (Hypericum calyciuum). Hypericum. See Verbascum. Thapsua). Hellebore (Helleborua abchasicus)." See "
(Verbascum
AbChasi^n
"
Helle-
borua. Abele
Tree
Abelia.
Evergreen
walls
in
cold
outdoors.
Propagate in
frame
Pot
in
freely
CULTURE
silver
"
Oct.
in
straggly growths
after
pink, Abies
CULTURE
till Jan.
Give
little Stand
flowering. A.
valuable after
rapidly
first
in
loam
moderately
Water
house.
March,
3
first,
at
during winter. outdoors during summer. 5
leaf-
peat, cold
aunny,
Prune
ft.,
Mexico;
triflora, white
ft., China;
coniferous
Hardy
green ever-
1603.
from loam. Position, sea high, dry, open Silver Fir Deal or April. A. pectinata (Common for woods shelter as species to plant in mixed game. for floor boards. Tree joists, rafters, and grows
Oct.
good
a
Timber
in
water
florfbunda, rosy-purple,
introduced
Soil,
:
Plant,
Tree),
frame
pota
"
First
trees.
coast.
well-drained
(Syn. A. rupestris), pink, fragrai^t, Sept., Sept., 5 ft., Himalayas. (Deal; Silver Fir). Ord. Couiferae.
Ohmensis
sandy
cold
growth.
CULTIVATED:
SPECIES and
in
full
equal parts loam,
Compost,
:
Position,
sand. Store
when
1842.
July.
GREENHOUSE mould
introduced
ahrubs.
flowering
Poaition, warm, equal parta peat, loam, sand. Prune Plant, slightly after April or Oct. or cuttings of firm shoots by layers in March,
Compoat,
:
flowering.
Firat
deciduoua.
and
CDLTtrRE sheltered
(Populua alba)." See Populus. Caprifoliacese. Half-hardy
Ord.
"
sandy
or
few
by
seeds
outdoors
in
Propagate
years.
55", March,
temp.
a
90
Fir),
(Balsam
70
A.
amabilis 80
|^in. deep
sown
in
April.
Columbia; (Ked Fir), 100 to 150 ft., British 120 America; ft., N. brachyphylla, ft., Japan; 80 150 to 200 to 100 ft., G-reece; ft., California; cephalonlca, concolor, braoteata, 100 100 to 150 ft., Japan; Fraseri, 60 to 80 ft., Carolina; ft., California; flrma, lowiana Silver (Low's Fir), 300 ft.,Carolina g^randis, 200 ft., California; ; magnifica, 90 to 100 200 nobilis, 200 California; ft., California; Mariesi, ft., Japan; ft., N. 80 to 100 nordmanniana Fir), 80 to 100 ft., Caucasus; pectinata, ft., (Nordman's sachalin60 to S. religiosa, 60 to 70 ft., Mexico; Finsapo, 80ft., Spain; Europe; SO to of 130 Saohalin; Teitchi, 120 to 140 ft., Japan; webbiana, ft., Isle ense, CULTIVATED:
SPECIES
balsamea
to
or
also Picea. See ft., Himalayas. Abobra (Scarlet-fruited).
Sept.
"
Oct.
SPECIES
"
store
loam
ing, Half-hardy climbFruit, let; egg-shaped, scar-
wall. Position, south frost-proof place. Propagate sand, temp. 65", March.
"
"
First
by
A. viridiflora, green, fragrant, summer, Sterculiacese. Stove-flowering
:
Ord.
introduced
Compost,
June
Plant,
in
CULTIVATED
Abroma.
CULTURE:
Cucurbitaceae.
Deciduous.
Soil, sandy.
:
leaf-mould,
Ord.
Oct.
CULTURE tubers
"
perennial.
tuberous-rooted
seeds
6
;
lift in
sown
ft., S. America, green. Ever-
plants.
1770.
equal parts loam, 1
peat,
sand.
Pot
"
prune, B
oabdening.
of
enoyclopjEdia
Water freely in summer, moderately in winter. Temp., March 60" to 65". Propagate by seeds Sept. 70" to 80"; Sept. to March
March. to
1-16 in.
sown
temp. 65"
deep, or
cuttings of
firm
shoots,
in fine
sandy soil,March,
to 75".
SPECIES
.
CULTIVATED:
purple, June. Abronia
(Sand Verbena)."
plants. First
8 to
angusta, purple, Aug.,
A.
introduced
Ord.
,
orbioularlB,
Nyctaginaceae. Half-hardy Flowers
1823.
10 ft., Asia;
ing trail-
fragrant.
Position, exposed rockery or elevated Soil, sandy loam. 1-16 in. deep in Plant, June. Propagate by seeds sown perennialsby cuttings of young sandy soil, temp. 55" to 65", March; A. umbellata, good greenhouse plant. shoots in similar soil " temp. CULTURE border. warm
SPECIES
white, of
:
CULTIVATED: I to 2 It.;
July,
A. arenaria, lomon-yellow, July, 9 to umbellata, rosy-pink, June and July, 6
IS
ins.; fragrans,
to
18
in.
Katiyes
California,
Plant). Abrus (Paternoster;Eosary Pea; Crab's Eyes; Weather First climber. Orn. Ord. foliage. Deciduous. Leguminosse. Stove 16S0. introduced Pot " CULTUEE : Compost, two parts loam, one part peat " sand. autumn in " March. Water moderately freely spring summer, prune 60" to 65". TO" to 80^ ; Sept. to March " winter. to Sept;. Temp., March "
Propagate by seeds loam,
temp.
75"
to
sown
\ in.
deep, or cuttings of
firm
shoots
in
sandy
i-5",Feb.
CULTIVATED: SPECIES ficarlet and black.
A.
preeatorius, pale purple. May,
9 to 12 ft., E. Indies,
S"eda
Abutilon shrubs. CULTUEE
(Indian Mallow).
"
Ord.
Malvacete.
Greenhouse
green ever-
tion, PosiCompost, two parts loam, one part peat " sand. March to Pot " March. greenhouse. Sept. Temp., sunny prune 55" to 65"; Sept. to March Water 50 to 55". mer, freelyin spring " sum" winter. May be used for bedding in moderately in autumn summer. J in. deep, or cuttings in light rich Propagate by seeds sown :
soil, temp. 70", March. A. aurantiacum, 3 to 6 ft., CULTIVATED: spring and summer, orange, 3 to 6ft., Brazil; esculentum, bedfordianuni, red and yellow, autumn, yellow, 5 ft. ; graveolens, orange3 to 6 ft.,Brazil ; floritnndum, orange-red, summer, summer, and Granada; carmine, Jan., 5ft., Kew red, Asia; insigne, white megapotamicum Brazil ; po^oniflorum, pink, (Syn. vexiilarium), yellow and scarlet,4 to 8 ft., summer, Jan., 5 ft.,Brazil; pulchellum, white, May, 3 to 4 ft., N.S.Wales; striatum, orangemottled marmoratum, foliage, red, all year round, 6 to 10 ft., Brazil ; sellovianum leaves; yenosum, Brazil; Thompsoui, mottled orange-red, July, 3 to 4 ft.; vitiBoule de Neige, white; folium, white, July, Chili, nearly hardy. Popular varieties: Louis Van Delicatum, rose; Houtte, purple; Queen of Tellows, yellow.
SPECIES
Brazil;
Banana (Musa ensete). See Musa. Primrose See Primula. (Primula verticillata)." Orchidacese. Acacallis. Ord. Stove ture Culepiphytal orchids. and propagation as advised for Agansia. A. oyanea, CULTIVATED 1 ft., Brazil. SPECIES : light bine, summer, Acacia Ord. Gum; house Myrrh trees). (Wattle; Leguminosae. GreenFirst introduced 1656. floweringplants. Evergreen. CULTUEE: Pot " prune, Compost, equal parts peat, loam, sand. Water March. in Feb. " or freely spring moderately in summer, " winter. to Sept. 55" to 65"; autumn Temp., March Sept to March 50" to 55". Propagate by seeds sown ^in. deep, or cuttings of firm shoots, in sandy peat, well-drained pots, temp. 75" to 85", March. CUL'riVATED: A. SPECIES armata, yellow, spring, 6 to 10 ft., Australia; cordata, yellow, spring, 12 to 18 ins., Australia; dealbata (Mimosa), yellow, spring, 10 ft., Australia; Drummondii, yellow, April, 10 ft., Australia; leprosa, yellow, April, C to 10 ft.,Australia; lougifolia angustifolia, yellow, March, 10 ft.|
Abyssinian
"
Abyssinian
"
"
2
ENCYCLOPEDIA
OAEDENING.
OF
Australia; pubescens, yellow, April, 6 to 12 ft., Australia; pulchella, yellow, Marcli, 3 to 6 ft.,Australia; riceana, yellow. May, 20 ft., Tasmania; verticillata, and Bobinia. Albizzia "e" also the genud yellow, March, 6 to 20 ft., Australia. Acaena, (New Zealand Bur). Ord. Eosacese. Hardy herbaceous trailing perennials. Evergreen. First introduced 1828. CULTUKE : Position, moist, open, or shady Soil, sandy loam. 1-16 in. deep rockery. Plant, Oct. to April. Propagate by seeds sown in March, temp. Go"; cuttingsin cold frame in Aug. ; division of roots in April; all in sandy soil. "
SPECIES CtTLTITATED A. Patagonia ; micro: adsoendens, purple, summer, phylla, orimson Zealand; spines. New Zealand; puloliella,bronzy foliage. New sericea,greenish,-Ohili ; splendens, hairy foliage. Chili.
Acalygsha biaceae.
Stove
Ord. EuphorCopper-leaf}." introduced First foliage. Evergreen.
(Three-sided Mercury;
plants.
Orn.
1866. Leaves, orange, red, green, crimson. CTJLTUEE Pot : Compost, equal parts leaf-mould,peat, loam, sand. " Feb. March. in and Water or freely spring summer, prune, " winter. to Sept. 70" to 80"; moderately in autumn Temp., March ding. 60" to 65". Suitable for summer or Sept. to March subtropicalbedFeb. March. in or Propagate by cuttings sandy soil,temp. 80", SPECIES CTTLTITATED': A. Guinea; hispida, 6 to 10 ft.. New musaioa, 6 to 10 ft., Polynesia; godsef"ana, 1 to 3 ft.. New Guinea; wilkesiana, 3 to 4 ft., Fiji; tricolor (see wilkesiana); Sander! (see hispida). Acantholimon (PricklyThrift). Ord. Plumbaginaceae. Hardy 1851. perennials. Evergreen. First introduced CULTURE ; Soil, sandy loam. Position,sunny rockery or warm border. Plant, Oct to April. Propagate by layeringshoots in Aug., similar to carnations in Sept. ; cuttings in cold frame SPECIES A. aceroseum, CULTIVATED: Aug., 6 in., Asia Minor; rose, July and glumaceum, rose, July, 6 in., Armenia; Kotschyi, white, July, Asia. Araliaceae. Ord. ornamental-leaved Acanthopanax. Hardy included in the Aralia. shrubs formerly evergreen genus CULTUEE loam. sheltered Position, warm, : Soil,rich, well drained of Plant in lawns. Increased shrubberies, or corners Sept. or April. in heat in spring; cuttings of ripened shoots in autumn by seeds sown ; at any suckers time. rioinifolium SPECIES A. .CULTIVATED: (Syn. Aralia Maximowiozii), leaves castor-oil like, elegant, Japan ; sessiliflorum, leaves wrinkled, large, Japan ; spinosum (Syn. Aralia pentaphylla), elegant foliage, Japan; spinosum variegata, leaves edged with creamy-white. AcanthophCieniX (PricklyDate Palm)." Ord. Palraaceae. Stove 1861. plants. Orn. foliage. Evergreen. First introduced CULTUEE : Compost, two parts peat, one part loam " sand. Eepot, Feb. Water moderately other times. Temp., freelyin summer, 60" to 65". to 85" ; Sept to March March to Sept.70''^ Propagate by 1 in. deep in lightsoil,temp. 80", Feb. or March. seeds sown SPECIES CULTIVATED: A. crinita, 6 to 10 ft., Seychelles; rubra, 6 to 12 ft., Madagascar. Palmaceae. Ord. Stove Acanthorhiza^ palms. Orn. foliage. First introduced, 1864. Evergreen. CULTUEE: " sand. Compost, two parts loam, one part leaf-mould Water little other times. moderately in summer, Eepot, Feb. very 60" to 65". Proto Sept. 70" to 85"; Sept. to March pagate Temp., March like Acanthophoenix. A. aculeata. Central CULTIVATED: America. SPECIES Bear's Acanthus Acauthacese. Foot). Ord. (Bear's Breech; Orn. herbaceous Deciduous. First introduced perennials. foliage. Hardy "
"
"
"
1548. b2
division
Position,
Soil, sandy loam.
CULTURE:
Plant, Oct.
to
April. Propagate by
of roots
in
GABDENING.
OF
ENOrCLOFMDIA
Oct.
seed
border.
sheltered
warm
^ in. deep in lightsoil ;
sown
March. longifolius,rosy-purple, June,
or
3 to i ft., Dalmatia; mollis, ft.; hirsutus, rose, July, 2 to 3 ft.. Orient; mollis latifolius, a superior Tariety; lilac, 3 to 4 ft., S. Europe; white, rose, spinosus spinosissimum, rosy-flesh,July, spinosus, purplish, July, 2 to 4 ft.,Levant; 3 ft., Dalmatia.
CULTIVATED:
SPECIES
candelabrum,
Acer
A.
purple, July,
(Maple). "
3
Sapindacese. Hardy
Ord.
trees.
Orn.
foliage.
ciduous. De-
loam. Position, shrubberies or open in pots in cool greenhouse. borders or Plant, Oct. to March. J in. deep m sheltered Propagate by seeds sown positionOct.; grafting March; budding Aug. for choice Japanese and OULTUKE
spaces
;
: SoO, well-drained Japanese kinds in warm
variegatedkinds; layering Oct. DATA USEFUL Common : Maple (Acer campestris)will grow to an of 1,200 ft., and altitude the Sycamore (Acer pseudo-platanus) to reaches level. Timber 1,500 ft. above sea maturity at 40 years of age. Average
life of trees, 500
to 700
years.
Timber
of
Sycamore,
used
for
making pattern moulds, stair rails, turnery, etc. ; that of common speciesand Sugar or Bird's Eye Maple (A. sacchariuum) for cabinet work. Average weight of cubic foot of Sycamore wood, 41 lb. ; number of cubic feet in a ton. 54. Average weight of cubic foot of Maple of cubic feet in a ton, 50. Average value of cubic foot. Is. to Is. 6d. ; Maple, Is. to Is. 9d. of seeds in a pound, 5,000. Number of Maple seeds requiredto of ground, 14 lb. ; Sycamore, 30 lb. acre Sycamore best tree
wood,
421b.; number Sycamore wood per
Number
plant an for hilly exposed SPECIES
positions.
A. campestre Japan; argutum, (Common Maple), and campestre variegatum, leaves white yellow, Britain, 20 ft. ; oarpiniin 5 to 6 ft,, N.W. folium, 50 ft., .Japan; oiroinatum, leaves scarlet autumn, America; dasyoarpum, 40 ft., N. America; dasyoarpiuuaureo-marginatum, leaves mottled japonicum yellow; japonicum, 20 ft. Japan; golden leaved; aureum, japonicum laciniatum, finely cut leaves; japondcum rufinerve albo-lineatum, leaves white; edged creamy Negundo (Box Elder), 20 to 40 ft., N. America; Negundo laciniatum, crispum, curled leaves; Kegundo finely cut leaves; Kegundo variega10 to 20 ft., Japan ; palmatum tum, silvery leaves ; palmatum, yellow and aureum, Britain
CULTIVATED:
;
scarlet-tinted
leaves edged with white foliage; palmatum albo-marginatum, matum ; palbronzy-purple leaves; palmatum leaves rosea-marginatum, edged with rose;' palmatum septemlobum atropurpureum, purple foliage; palmatum bicolor, leaves carmine septomlobum tinted; palmatum septemlobum elegans, leaves finely cut, red and bronze tinted; palmatum septemlobum fiavescens, leaves yellow tinted; palmatum disseotum leaves and fern-like ornatum, bronzy purple disseotum tinted; palmatum roseo-marginatum, leaves tinted with rose and white; platanoides (Norway Maple), 60 ft., Europe; platanoides, aureo-variegatum, leaves blotched with yellow; platanoides laciniatum, leaves finely cut; platanoides with white; variegatum, leaves blotched pseudo-platanus (Sycamore) 30 to 60 ft.. Central Europe ; psuedo-platanus, albo-variegatum, leaves green and white ; rubruni (Scarlet Maple), 20 ft., Canada, scarlet flowered; sacchariuum (Bird's Eye or Sugar Maple), 40 ft., N. America.
atropurpureum,
Aceras (Green-man Orchis). Ord. Orchidacese. tuberous-rooted orchid. Deciduous. Nat. Britain. CULTURE : Soil, chalky loam. and Position, open Oct. to March. Propagate bv division of tubers Oct. or "
SPECIES
CULTIVATED
:
A.
An'throphora, green,
June,
6 to
10
Hardy
trial terres-
dry.
Plant,
March ins.
Achillea Sweet Maudlin'." (Milfoil;Yarrow; Ord. Compositie. herbaceous Hardy perennials. CULTURE : Soil, ordinary. Position, dwarf species on rockery,tall ones
in open
borders.
Plant
Oct. to 4
April. Propagate by
seeds
sown
ENCYCLOPEDIA
OF
GARDENING.
from sun. wards. A^ply weak Syi'inge daily,April to Sept. Shade gling stimulants occasionally;May to Sept. Prune, Feb., shortening stragshoots only. Temp., April to Oct., 60" to 70"; Oct. to April 50" bellto 55". Propagate by cuttings inserted in light peaty soil under
glass in temp. 55", spring or OtrLTIVATED
summer.
A. speotabilis 6 ft., S. Africa.
SPECIES
:
fragrant, winter, 4 to Aconite (Aconitum
(Syn. ToxioopWrea
white, speotabilis),
Napelhis). See Aconitum. Eanunculacese. (Wolf's-bane; Monk's-hood). Ord. Deciduous. perennials. borders. CULTUEE: Soil, ordinary. Position, partiallyshaded in seeds in. warm sown deep J Plant, Oct. to March. by Propagate in soil in cold frame boxes in of outdoors or light April, position "
Aconitum Hardy herbaceous
"
March. flesh roots Nov. or augustiA. album, white, Aug., 4 to 5 ft., LeTant; folium, blue, June, 2 to 3ft., Siberia; Anthora, yellow, July, 1 to 2 ft., Pyrenees; barbatum, yellow, July, 2 to 4 ft., Siberia ; biflorum, blue, June, 6 in., Siberia : Fortunel (Syn. obinense), blue, July to Sept., 4 to 6 ft., China; eminens, blue, June, 2 to 4 ft., Europe; Fisoheri (Syn. antumnale), purple, July to Oct., Europe and N. America; Halleri, violet, June, 4 to 6 ft., Switzerland; japonicum, flesh, July to Sept., 3 to 6 ft., Japan; lycootonum, creamy yellow, July and Aug., 4 to 6 ft.. Napellus, blue, July to Sept., 3 to 4 ft., England; variegatum, blue and Europe; white, July and Aug., 3 to 5 ft.,Europe. Ord. Araceae. Acorus Hardy (Sweet Flag; Myrtle Grass). First introduced 1796. Leaves and roots aquatics. Evergreen.
March;
division
SPECIES
of
CULTIVATED:
"
fragrant. CULTUEE: Soil, muddy. Plant, Position, margins of ponds. March. Propagate by division of roots March. SPECIES A. Calamus, 3 ft., N. Hemisphere; CULTIVATED: Calamus variegatus, leaves striped, golden yellow; gramineus, 2 ft., Japan; gramineus yariegatus, leaves variegated. Acroclineum. See Helipterum. "
Acrophyllum. shrub. Evergreen.
Ord. Saxifragacese. First introduced, 1838.
Greenhouse
"
flowering
OULTUEE:
Pot Compost, equal parts peat " loam, little sand. " other freely spring moderately summer, 45" to 50". Sept. 55"" to 60"; Sept to March Arm of shoots in under by cuttings Propagate sandy peat bell-glass
und
Water Feb. prune, times. to Temp., March
in
a
cool house
SPECIES
in
summer.
CULTIVATED:
AcrostiChum
A.
venosum,
pink. May,
6
(Elephant's Ear). Ord. Evergreen. First introduced "
ft., Australia. Filices. Stove
and
greenhouse
fern.
CULTUEE charcoal.
: Compost, equal parts peat, loam, " leaf-mould, sand Water Pot, Feb. or March. freely spring " summer,
1793. "
moderately other times. Temp., stove species,March, to Sept. 70" to 60" to 65"; greenhouse species,March 85", Sept. to March to Sept. 45" to 50". 55" to 60", Sept to March Propagate by division of roots at potting time, or by spores in spring. CULTIVATED: 1 to (Stove kinds)" A. aonminatum, 2 ft., Braiil; to 6 in., Philippine Inlands; appendiculatum, 6 to 13 in.; Aubertii, 1 ft., Natal, Guatemala, 1 to 2 ft., Tropics; auritum, 1 to 2 tl.. etc.; aureum, 2 to 4 ft., Tropical America; cervinum, Malaya; confornie, 6 in.. Tropica; criniEar tum Fern), 4 to 18 in.. West Indies; deooratum, 1 ff., W. Indies; drynarioides, 1 to 2 ft.,Penang; flagelliferum, 1 ft., Tropica; Hermineri, 1 to 2 ft. 1 to 2 ft., British W. Indies; magnum, 6 to 12 in.. Guiana; muscosum, SPECIES
apiifolium,2
(Elephant's
Tropica!
uicotiansefolium, 1 to 2 ft., Cuba; 2 to 3 ft., Ecuador; osmundaceum, peltatum, 2 to 6 in., Tropical America; scandens, 1 to 3 ft., China, Ceylon, eto. scolopendrifolium, 1 ft.,Brazil; virens, 1 ft..Tropical Asia; viscosum, G to *12in* Amerioa;
"
Cuba.
"*
ENCYCLOPEDIA
OF
GARDENING.
GREENHOUSE SPECIES: A. blumeanum, 4 to 6 in., Assam; oanalioulatum, 3 to 4 ft.,olimbing, Venezuela; Csenopteris, 2 to 3 ft. climbing, Mexico.
Actaea
(Toad-root;Bane-berry; Herb Christopher). Ord. EanunHardy herbaceous perennials. Berries,red, white, or black, "
culacese.
poisonous. Soil, ordinary. Position,
CULTURE: March. roots March.
Propagate by
to
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
spioata, white, May,
Actinella,
1
A.
ft., Britain
(Pigmy
or
seeds
sown
in
shady border.
Plant,
garden April;
Oct.
division
of
12 to 18 in., N. America; May, alba, wUte, ; spicata rubra, red, N. America. Ord. Dwarf . Composita). Sunflower). "
herbaceous perennial. CULTURE : Soil, light sandy.
Hardy
Plant,
border. March.
Oct
CULTIVATED:
SPECIES
Actinidia. Deciduous. CULTURE Plant, Oct.
"
:
to
A.
Position, rockery
grandiflora, yellow,
Ternstroemiaceae.
Ord.
open sunny in of roots
or
Propagate by division
March.
to
G
summer,
in.. Rocky
climbing
Hardy
Position, south or south-west Soil,lightrich loam. in pots in cold Propagate by seeds sown
March.
shoots April; layering^
tains. Moun-
shrubs.
wall. frame
in Nov.
A. white, fragrant, sammer, tlapan; polygama, Tolubilis,.white,,Tune, .Japan. A, polygama bears edible berries. " Filices. Ord. Stove greenhouse ferns. ActiniopteriSi SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
"
Evergreen
.
CULTURE: Compost, equal parts peat, loam, charcoal, potsherds,Sc Good silver sand. drainage " clean pots essential. Pot, F'eb. or Slarcn. " keep atmosphere moist. Water Temp., March moderately all seasons 60" for A. to 70" radiata; and 60" to Sept. 70" to 80"; Sept. to March australis. March radiata for P. to Sept., and 55" Sept. to to 70" March Propagate by spores similar to Adiantum. A. treatment; SPECIES CULTIVATED: radiata, 3 in., India, requires stOTe radiata Islands, greenhouse kind. australis,6 in., Hascarene Ord. Sunflower). Actinomeris Com.positae. (North American 1640. introduced First herbaceous perennial. Hardy Plant, Oct. to CULTURE: Soil, ordinary. Position, open border. outdoors seeds sown Jin. deep April; division April. Propagate by "
March.
of roots
CULTIVATED
SPECIES
or
sqnarrosa, "
half-hardyherbaceous
CULTURE liberal addition of Pot, March INDOOR
Temp.,
afterwards. to
A.
:
(Flannel Flower).^
ActinotUS
:
perennial. Compos-t, equal parts
silver sand. or
yellow, July, 3 ft.,N. America. UmbelliferiE. Ord. Greenhouse
April.
March
to
Position, sunny
loam
part
"
peat, of
cool
with
a
house. green-
freelyMarch to Oct. ; moderately 45" Sept. 55" to 65"; Sept. to March
Water
55". OUTDOOR
Sow seeds CULTURE : Soil,ordinary. Position, sunny. off seedlingsgradually, or in temp, of 65" in March April. Harden in a temp, and plant out at the end of May. Propagate by seeds sown in spring; or by division at the roots at potting time. of 65 A. Helianthi, white, June, 2 ft., Australia. CULTIVATED: SPECIES orchid. Greenhouse OrohidaceEB. Ord. Ada.. Evergreen. First "
introduced
1S63.
Position, Compost, equal parts peat " sphagnum moss. freely during growth begins. Water Repot when new Renting period, none. growth, moderately afterwards.
CULTURE pots in shade. season
of
:
7
GAEDENING.
OF
ENOYOLOPMDIA March
SPECilES
to
A.
CULTIVATED:
Lelinianni, red, Adam's
1
45"
to March
Sept. 55" to 60"; Sept by dividingplant at potting time.
Temp.,
aurantiaoa,
orange,
to 1
Jan.,
50".
gate Propa-
ft., Colombia;
ft., Colombia.
Apple
coronaria). See
(Tabemaemontana
"
Tabernae-
montana.
Adam's Adam's Adder's
Laburnum Needle Fern
Adder's-tong^ue
Adamii). See Laburnum. (Laburnum (Yucca gloriosa).See Yucca. (Polypodium vul^are)." See Polypodium. "
"
Fern
(Ophioglossum vulgatum).
"
See
Ophioglossum. Adder's Adenandra."
Evergreen. CULTURE:
(Goodyera pubescens).See Goodyera. Greenhouse Kutaceae. flowering shrubs. Ord. 1720. Nat. Cape of Good Hope. First introduced sand. " Pot, March. loam, peat, equal Compost, Violet
"
parts
Temp., Sept. to Water moderately Sept. to April, freelyafterwards. to Sept. 55" to 65". 50" to 55"';March Propagate by cuttings March March; also by seeds shoots in sandy peat under bell-glass, of young time. at soil similar in sown any A. red, June, 2 ft., fragrana, pink, June, CULTIVATED: SPECIES amcena, 18 in. ; marginata, flesh, June, 18 in. ; umbellata, 2 ft. ; coriacoa, pink, Juno, pink, June, 2 ft. ; uniflora, white and pink, June, 18 in. Adenanthera (Barbados Pride). Ord. Leguminosse. Stove 1759. First introduced shrubs. flowering evergreen little silver vdth " a loam, CULTURE : Compost, equal parts peat March. of in stove. well-drained sand. light Pot, Position, part pots " in winter. " " autumn in Water moderately freely spring summer, 55" to 65". Propagate Temp., March to Oct. 65" to 85"; Oct. to March with base of old wood side removed " inserted of shoots a by cuttings in in sand under bell-glass spring. CULTIVATED SPECIES bioolor,yellow, July, Ceylon ; pavonina, yellow and : A. white, July, S ft., China. Adenophora (Gland Bell-flower).Ord. Campanulacese. Hardy 1783. perennials. First introduced well-drained border. CULTURE : Soil, ordinary. Position, sunny, in March, in pots or Plant, Oct. to Nov. Propagate hj seeds sown pans, in cold frame ; division in spring. A. coionopifoiia, CULTIVATED: SPECIES blue, July, 1 to 2 ft., Dahoria; sylvania; Lamarckii, denticulata, blue^July, 18 in., Dahuria; blue, June, 1 to 2 ft., Tranlatifoha, blue, July, 18 in., Dahuria; lillfolia,whitish blue, fragrant, Aug., 18 in., Siberia: stylosa, blue. Hay, 1 ft., ". Europe; Terticillata,blue, June, 2 to 3 ft., Dahuria. Adiantum (Maidenhair Fern). Ord. Filices. Stove, greenhouse, and hardy ferns. Evergreen and deciduous. CULTURE: Compost, two parts peat, one part loam, silver sand, March. Water charcoal. Pot. moderately Sept. to March, freely afterwards. Plant Position, shady at all times. hardy species in April in equal parts peat " loam in shady position. Temp., stove 60" to 70", March to Sept. 70" to 80"; species,Sept.to March house green50" to 55", March to Sept. 55 to 65" species, Sept. to March fine sandy peat kept moist on " shaded Propagate by spores sown "
"
"
under
bell-glass.
SPECIES: A. temulum, 8 to 13 in., Brazil; sslhiopioum, 12 to 18 in. Tropics; Bausei, 18 in. to 2 ft., hybrid; Birkenheadii, 18 in., hybrid; caudatnm! Edgeworthii, 6 to 15 in. ; CollisiiTnybrid 6 to 15 in.,Tropios ; oaudatum ; oolpodes, oonoinnum, 13 to 18 in., Tropioal Amerioa; 18 in.. Tropical America; oonoinnumlatnm, 18 in.,E. Indies ; oristatum, 18 in. to 3 ft.,W. Indies ; cnneatum, 9 to 18 in., Tropioal Amerioa, and its varieties deSozum, dissectum,elegans, graoUlimum, granSTOVE
8
ENCYCLOPEDIA
OABDENING.
OF
dicops, lawsoniaaum, luddemannianum, muudulum; ourvatum, 12 to 18 in., Brazil; cyolosorum, Brazil ; f arleyeuse (see tenerum); Fergusoni, 2 to 3 ft., Ceylon ; f ragrautissima, hybrid; (ulvum, 9 to 12 in., Fiji; Gliiesbreghtii,probably a biybrid; hessloYianum, 13 to 18 in.,Peru ; Lathomii (see tenerum); luoidum, 12 in.,W. Indies ; lumulatum, 12 in..Tropics ; maorophyllum, 12 in.,W. Indies ; Moorei, 12 in., Peru ; pal10 in., Peru; peruvianum, 16 in..Pern; matum, rboaophyllum. 6 in.,hybrid ; rubellum, 6 in., Bolivia; Boemannii, 12 to 18 in., Brazil; farW. tenerum, Indies; tenerum tenerum leyenae (Syn. farleyeuse),12 to 15 in., Barbados; scutum, garden origin; tenerum Lathomii Victoriaa (Syn. A. Lathomii) ; tenerum (Syn. A. Viotoriie); tetraphyllum, 12 to 18 in., W. Indies ; tetraphyllnm aouminatum ; tetraphyllum gracilis; tinctum, 6 to 12 in., Peru; trapezitorme, 9 to 18 in., W. Indies; trapeziforme Sancta-Catherinee, Brazil; v6itchianum, 12 in., Peru; Weigaudii, 6 to 10 in., garden origin; Williamsii, 12 in., Peru. GREENHOUSE A. ajmulum SPECIES: assimile, 8 in.,Australia; jemulum chilenso, 8 in.. Chili; 6 in., California; femulum scabrum "emulum (Silver emarginatum, sulphureum (Golden Maidenhair), 6 in.. Chili; Maidenhair), 6 in.. Chili; semulum Zealand; af"ne, 12 in.. New ca^lillus-veneris (Common Maidenhair'), 6 in. Temperate Zone, and its varieties, daphnites, elegantissimum, grande, imbricatum, Maresii, 6 in., Java; obrionianum, and semi-lunulatum exoisum, 3 to 6 in., ; diaphanum, 12 in., Australia; hispidulum Chili; exoisum multifidum, garden form; formosum, (Syn. A. pubesoens), 12 in.. New' Zealand; reniforme, 6 in., Madeira. A. pedatum, 1 to 3 ft., N. America. HA'RDT SPECIES: Adiumia Ord. Papa(Climbing-Fumitory; Alleghany Vine). 1788. biennial. Climber. First introduced veracese Hardy CULTURE border : Soil, light,rich. Position, warm against south wall, or trellis in open garden. Plant, May. Propagate by seeds sown J in. deep in border in April,or in pots in temp. 55 to 65", March. cirrhosa, white, Aug., 10 to 15 ft.,N. America. : A. SPECIBS_ CULTIVATED Adonis (Pheasant's Eye; Ox-eye). Ord. Eanunculaceaj. Hardy annuals and perennials. "
"
CULTURE Position, open border for annuals, : Soil, ordinary,rich. rockeries for perennials. Plant, Oct. Propagate annuals by seeds shallow in borders in March; sown perennialsby division of roots in directed Oct. " by seeds sown for annuals. as SPECIES CULTI'VATED: A. sestivalis (Pheasant's Eye), crimson, June, 1 ft., S. Europe (annual) ; amureneis, yellow, Jan., 1 ft., China (perennial); autumnalis (Ked Chamomile), scarlet. May to Sept., 1 ft., Britain (annual) ; distorta, yellow. May, 12 in., Alps (perennial); pyrenaica, yellow, July, 1 ft., Pyrenees (perennial); to May, vemalis 18 in., S. Europe (perennial). (Ox-eye), yellow, March Flower Adonis (Adonis autumnalis). See Adonis. /Ecliniea,. Ord. Bromeliacese. Evergreen stove-flowering plants. "
"
"
First
introduced
CULTURE mould.
1824.
of fibrous loam, rough peat, leafWater freely always. Good drainage essential. 60" to 70"; March to Sept.70" to 80". Temp., Sept. to March Propagate inserted in small at offshoots pots by any time. SPECIES CULTIVATED: Barbei, purple, Aug. 2 to 3 ft., British Honduras; bracteata, yellow, July, 2 ft., "W. Indies; ccelestis,blue, July, 18 in., Brazil; fasciata, pink and blue, Aug., 18 in., Brazil; fulgens, scarlet, Aug. and Sept., 18 in., French Guiana; fulgens, discolor, scarlet and purple, June, 2 ft., Brazil; Lindenii, scarlet and purple, Aug., 2 ft.,Brazil ; Marite-Reginffi,violet and crimson, July, 18 in., Brazil; Veitchii, red, Aug. to Dec, 2 ft., Costa Rica; rosea, rose, July to Sept., 18 in., Colombia. See Angrsecum. "ErantllUS. :
Compost, equal parts
Pot, March.
"
.brides
Ord. (Air-jilant). "
Evergreen.
First
CULTURE:
introduced
Orchidaceae.
Stove-floweringorchids.
1800.
Compost, sphagnum
moss,
charcoal, broken
potsherds.
Position, pots, hanging baskets, or piecesof wood. ing. Pot, after flowerWater moderately in winter, freelyat other times. Shade from sun.
Flowers
Temp., Sept appear
in
March axil of
to
65" to third or 9
75"; March fourth
to
Sept. 75"
leaf from
top
of
85".
to
stem.
ENCrOLOPMDIA
Eestiug period, winter.
OP
GARDENING.
by division
Propagate
of
plant
with
roots
attached. 3 ft., Burma; and June, orassifolium, pui-ple,May and white and July, 4 ft., S. India; expanfaUm, and June, 3 ft., India; Feildmgii, faloatum, white rose, Luff and houlletianum. and and white, brown June, 3 ft., Sikkim; May rose. 2 ft., Cochin purple, July, white, and maffenta, May, China; japonicum, green, to 6 ft., Japan; o Lawrenoea;, yellow, and purple, Sept., 3 ft., Philippines; green, Lawrence"e Lohbii, white and purple, sanderianum, yellow and purple ; multiflorum and white quinlilao, July, 2 ft., Trop. Asia; July, 18 in., India; odoratum, white and lilac, Aug., quevulnerum, pink, July, 3 ft., Philippines; suavissimum, 2 ft., Malacca.
SPECIES
CTILTITATED
M. June
:
and crispum, white rose, purple, June, 2 ft.,Burma;
(Blush-wort). Ord. Gesneriaceae. floweringplants. Evergreen. First introduced
.^schynanthus and CULTURE
:
Stove
"
ing trail-
1838.
Compost, equal parts fibrous peat, sphagnum
moss,
coal. char-
tree or Position, hanging baskets pots, or on blocks of wood March. in Water moderately freely summer, stumps. Plant,
fern
in winter. 60" to 70" ; March to Sept. 70" to Temp., Sept. to March 80". in pots of in. firm inserted 3 shoots, Propagate by cuttings long of above mixed in with sand Feb. temp. 85", compost Ji. SPECIES CULTIVATED: atrosangninea, red, July, 1 ft., Guatemala; and and bracteata, scarlet yellow, Aug., 18 in., India; fulgens, scarlet yellow, June, 1 ft., E. Indies; grandiflora, scarlet, Aug., 5 ft.,India; Hildebrandii, scarlet, lobbiana, scarlet, June, 1 ft., Java; Paztonii, scarlet, Jul^, 10 in., Burma; April, 2 ft., Ehasea; purple and yellow, March, 1 ft., Java; tricolor, purpurescens, red and yellow, July, 1 ft.,Borneo. .Asculus Chestnut; (Horse Buck-eye). Ord. Sapindaceae. deciduous The Pavia Hardy flowering trees " shrubs. genus First introduced 1629. merged in the present one. (Buck-eye)is now limber not value. of much Used for chiefly making packing cases, carving, etc. Deer are fond of the nuts. CULTURE: Soil, ordinary, deep. Position, shrubberies, woods, "
lawns, parks. Plant, Oct.
to March.
Propagate by seeds
3 in.
Feb. ;
sown
grafting,choice
Prune
deep in open
away
dead
wood
border, March
in ;
winter.
layering,
varieties
in March, or budding in July. SPECIES CULTIVATED: JD. calif ornioa calif ornioa), white, JuW, (Syn. PaTia 20 ft., California; camea (Red Horse Chestnut), pink, June, 20 ft., hybrid (flor'ibunda, rubicunda, and spectabilis are synonyms) (Sweet Buok-eye), yellow. ; flaya May, 20 ft., Georgia; glabra, yellow, May, 12 ft.. United States; Hippocastanum (Horse Obestnut),white. May, 30 to 40 ft., S.E. Europe, and its varieties, crispum, flore pleno, foliis aureis variegatis, laciniata and pyramidalis ; parviflora (Syn. Pavia alba), white, May, 8 ft.. United States; Pavia (Red Buok-eye) (Syn. Pavia States. rubra), red, June, 10 to 20 ft., United .^thlonema (Candy Mustard; Lebanon Candytuft.) Ord. Cruciferae. Hardy perennials,biennials, and annuals. Perennials green. everFirst introduced 1778. CULTURE: Soil, ordinary, light. Position, sunny rockery, well drained. Plant, Oct. or March. Propagate annuals and biennials by seed sown 1-16 in. deep in boxes, temp. 65", March, in open border. or May; perennials by cuttingsof shoots inserted in pots of sandy soil in "
cold
frame, Julv
SPECIES
or
Aug.
CULTIVATED:
M. oappadocicum (Syn. .35. Bnibaumii) red Jnne (afinual); ooridifolium (Lebanon candytuft); rose, June 3 in Orient 6 (perennial); graoile, red, ,Tuno, in., Caruiola grandifloru'm (annual); rose Mav 1 ft., Persia (perennial); heterooarpum, purple, July, 6 in., Armenia (perennial] "" purple, July, 6 in., Spain (biennial); saxatile, flesh. June mouospermum, 6 in * * S. Europe (annual). Blue African Lily (Agapanthus umbellatus)." See
6
in.. Orient
*
Agapanthus
African
Corn
African
Corn
See Antholy7,a. Flag." Lily." See Ixia. 10
IBNGYGLOPMDIA African tonia.
Cypress
African African
OF
GABDENINC.
(Widdringtonia Wliytei). "
Sec
Widdring-
Hare-bell
See Eoella. (Eoellaciliata)." Hemp (Sparmannia africana).^See Sparmannia. Lily." See Agapanthus. Marig^old (Tagetes erecta)."See Tagetes. Steel Bush (Diosma ericoides).See Diosroa. "
African African African
"
African
Tulip."
African
Violet
See
the
Hsemanthus.
genus
(Saintpauliaionauthe). See SaintpauUa. Stove Agl'almyla (Scarlet Eoot-blossom). Ord. Gesneriacese. 1846. trailing plant. Evergreen. Mrst introduced coal. OULTUEE : Compost, equal parts peat, sphagnum moss, " charMarch March. Water baskets. Plant, Position, hanging freely 60" to to Sept.,moderately Sept. to March. Temp., Sept. to March of firm shoots M arch 70" 80". to to 70'-"; Propagate by cuttings Sept under in bell-glass, temp. 80", July or Aug. "
"
SPECIES
CXJLTITATED: 6 in., Java.
A.
longistyla, crimson,
July,
1
ft., Ja-pa; staminea,
scarlet, June,
Ag;anlsia. introduced CtJLTUEE
drained,
"
Ord.
Orchidacese.
Stove
epiphytal orchids.
Pirst
1S36. :
Compost, fibry peat,
Position, pots well
charcoal.
Water Eequire exposure freely rest. when when at Eesting period, winter. growing, moderately at base of new Flowers pseudo-bulb. Temp., Sept.to March appear 65" to 70" ; March to Sept.75" to 85". Propagate by division of pseudobulbs when new growth begins. A. SPECIES CULTIVATED: red, Jan., 6 in., Guiana; graminea, yellow and ionoptera, white and purple, July, 1 ft., Peru; pulchella, cream, June, 6 in., Deme1 ft., Amazon. tricolor, blue and orange, rara;
blocks
of
to
wood.
sun.
(African Lily). Ord. Liliaceae. Cool greenhouse herbaceous Evergreen. Nat. plant. Hardy S. England, Ireland. First introdticed 1692. Cape of Good Hope. OULTUEE: part leaf-mould, dried Compost, two parts loam, one river sand, pots or tubs, greenhouse; sunny. Position, cow manure, border Pot well-drained or or plant, March. rockery out-doors. to Sept., moderately afterwards. Water Temp., greenfreelyMarch house, 32" to 40" ; March to Sept. 45" to 55" gate PropaSept. to March by division of plant in March. Ag'apanthus
"
OULTITATED umbellatus, blue, April, 3 ft.,and its varieties,alba, : A. v 3 ft. ; Leitchlinii, Aug., 2 ft. ; flore pleno, double ; giganteus, blue eummer, blue, June, 1 ft. ; maximus, white, 3 ft. ; minor, blue, 2 ft. ; mooreanus, blue, Sept.,18 in.,hardy ; variegatus, leaves variegated, blue, April, 2 ft. ; eloboeus, dwarf. "PEOIH9
white,
(Mushroom). Ord. Fungi. Hardy esculent vegetable. Suitable fresh horse droppings, OULTUEE : (1)Two-thirds manures : unstained straw. third stained Place this oneshort, straw; remove long six afterwards. Turn " turn in a heap outdoors over days again on ding four alternate litter,after use as beddays, then use. (2)Peat-moss for advised horse soil Suitable for horses. : manure. Prepare as loam. Well-decayed turfy top-spit (2)Old chrysanthemum mould. ) Ordinary garden soil enriched with IJlb. of bone meal or 1 oz. of (4)Light sandy soil with \ lb. superphosphate of lime to every bushel. for beds: In the open Position to every bushel. salt added of common N. " from E. winds; or against walls facing south, sheltered for sheds, cellars, stables, cupboards, greenhouses. Period forming Ag^ariCUS
"
g)
11
ENCYCLOPEDIA
GABDENING.
OF
Outdoors, July, Aug., Oct., Dec, or Jan.; sheds, etc., July to of Temp, for indoor culture : Sept. to May, 55" to 65". Dimensions at beds: apex; Outdoors, 2i ft. wide at base, ajft. high, 6 in. wide indoors, 3 to 4 ft. wide, 9 in. deep, no limit as to length. Tread or beat manure quite firm in beds. Spawning : Insert portionsof spawn nearly level with and side outwards 9 in. apart. Temp, for surface, smooth of spawn insertion 80" 1 in. below surface. Quantities of spawn : : 9 in. long, 6 in. Divide each brick into eight portions. Size of bricks:
beds: Feb.
Period for consists of 16 bricks. of spawn Bushel Depth covering-beds with soil : Three days after insertion of spawn. Make 2 in. if light or sandy. of soil: lin. if heavy; l^iu. if medium; with 6 in. soil firm. Water previouslyif dry. Cover beds afterwards 12 to 18 in. of similar material of straw litter in summer or or autumn; in winter. Complete darkness essential. Apply tepid water moderately of common salt is dry only. Suitable when stimulants surface : 2 oz. to 1 gallon; ^oz. nitrate of soda to 1 gallon; \oz. of nitrate of potash to to 1 gallon ; 1 oz. of sulphateof ammonia to 4 gallonsof water, each ing. bearbe applied in a tepid state occasionally after the beds commence of six weeks after Bearing commences spawning. Duration of with whole Gather mushrooms bearing: Two to three months. stem attached; do not leave stump in bed. Average cost of forming outdoor bed (2^ft. high, 2^ ft. wide at base, 6 in. wide at apex) 5s. per lineal yard. Average value of produce per lineal yard, 15s. Average yield of bed 25 yards long, 350 to 450 lb. Culture Cold Insert Feames 1 in. deep " 9 in. apart in ; in spawn bed in July. Keep frame cucumber melon " closed after cucumbers or melons have ceased growth. Water occasionally. Apply one of above stimulants when mushrooms appear. Culture Sides op Hotbeds 2 in. deep " 9 in. apart on : Insert spawn in manure. Cover with 1 or 2 in. of soil 10 days afterwards, " protect with layer of straw litter. or Boxes Culture Pots advised in : for beds, ob as Prepare manure rill 10 in. pots or boxes (9 in. deep, 2 to 3 ft. wide " long) to within Beat 1 in. of top with manure. this quite firm. with Spawn " cover soil " litter as advised for beds. Place pots, etc., in cool cellar, cupboard, or greenhouse; protect from light. Keep soil moderately moist with straw ", cover always. Temp, in winter 55 to 65".
wide,
2 in.
Culture
deep.
Grass:
Cut
out
piecesof
turf
12 in. square,
lin. it three four or press lumps of spawn, about the middle of June. sionally Replace turf and water occaif dry. Best results obtained where herbage is short, soil loamy and dry, and positionsunny. A. oamiiestris,Europe SPBOIES CULTIVATED: (Britain). in
thick, and
3 ft.
Agathaea Greenhouse CULTURE
below
to
into
(Blue Marguerite; Cape Aster). perennial. First introduced
Ord. 1753.
"
herbaceous :
Composite.
Compost, sandy loam two parts, leaf -mould, " sand one beds outdoors. May greenhouse, or warm
Sept. Pot,
March.
Water
freely in
Propagate by cuttingsof young .soil,temp. 55*^to 65". times.
SPECIES
Agave "Ord.
6
and
Position, pots, sunny
part. to
apart. Stir soil
CULTIVATED:
A.
summer,
shoots
ooelostis, blue, June
to
((AiaericanAloe; Ceutury-plant;
Anifflimniaaceae.
Greemfcouse
Mf-Ttco. JSTat, ^floweringvJEvfi3;greeu. 12
plants.
March
moderately other or
Aug.,
to
18
Aug., 13
Mexican Ornamental
First introduced
m
sandv"'
ins.,S. Africa.
Soap-plant)." foliage "
1640.
Flowers,
GARDENING.
OF
ENOYOLOPJEDIA
CULTURE: Soil, ordinary. Position, margins of shady beds or in April; divisio.i of roots outdoors borders. Propagate by seeds sown March. Oct. or CULTITATED geneveneis, bine, rose, and white, June, 6 to 13 ins., SPECIES : A. and its spikes ; orientalis, blue, June, variety pyramidalis, with denser Europe, 12
to
18
ins., B.
reptans, blue, white,
Europe;
or
June,
rose,
Atro-
in., Britain.
6
variety with purplish leaves. Berberidaceae. Akebia." Ord. Half-hardy climbing flowering 1845. First introduced shrub. Evergreen. sand in equal parts. Position, south CULTURE : Soil,loam, peat, " wall in S. England " Ireland; cool greenhouse other parts. Plant, pagate Prune Oct., Nov., in border. straggling shoots after flowering. Proby division of roots in Oct.; cuttings, inserted in sandy soil is
purpurea
in cold SPECIES 8
to
10
a
in
frame
Sept.
CULTITATED; and ft., China
A.
Japan. Snovw
Alabama Neviusa. Albizzia. shrub. IHrst Acacia.
"
quinata, violet
or
and
purple, fragrant. May
June, See
(Neviusa albamiensis).
Wreath
"
Greenhouse
Ord. Leguminosse. 1803. introduced
evergreen included in
Formerly
flowering the
genus
leaf-mould " sand. of roof shoots or a bed Position, pots, or greenhouse; up Water Pot in March. in beds outdoors during summer. Prune other at seasons. moderately freelyduring spring and summer, to 55" March to in March to Feb. 65"; straggly growths Temp., Sept. " 55" 65". leaf-mould seeds in to sown Sept. Propagate by sandy peat, sand in a temp, of 75-^ in spring. SPECIES OULTIVATED: A. iophaiitha (Syn. Acacia lophantha), 18 to 29 ft., yellow, spring, Australia, leaves tine, fern-like. Albuca^ Ord. Liliacese. Half-hardy bulbous plants. Nat. S. CULTURE
:
Compost equal parts loam, in
peat,
wall
trained
with
"
Africa. INDOOR
First introduced CULTURE:
1774.
Compost,
two
parts loam,
part
one
of
Position, cool proportionsof peat, leaf-mould," silver sand. Pot in 5fov., placingfive bulbs 3 in. deep in a ij in. pot.
equal greenhouse. Cover
with
cocoanut-fibre refuse until growth begins, then expose to light. time bulbs until flowers fade, after begin to grow which keep dry until Nov. CULTURE OUTDOOR ; Soil,lightordinary. Position, well-drained
pot
Water
freelyfrom
border
at
base
of south
hothouse wall. or offsets in spring. OOLTIVATED: SPECIES A. yellow, June, 12 to aurea, Nelsonii, white and red, fragrant, June, 2 to 3 ft., l"tatal. Alder (Alnus glutiuosa). See Alnus.
in Oct.
Propagate by
Plant
greenhouse
seeds
6 in.
deep
or
18
in., S.
Africa;
"
Alder-Buckthorn
(Rhamnus
Alexanders
(Smyrnium
Alexandrian Iris
Alg:erian Algerian Alisma
Frangula)."
See
Rhamnus.
Olusatruni). See Smyruium. Laurel (Ruscus racemosus)." See Ruscus. See Iris. (Irisstylosa)."
Wax-Bean
"
See Phaseolus. (Phaseolus vulgaris)."
(Water Plantain;
Deil's
Spoons). "
Ord.
Alismaceae.
Hardy
aquatic perennials. CULTURE:
Soil, ordinary.
Position, margins of Propagate by seeds sown in a pan of sandy peat, plunged below March the surface or by division of roots in April.
ponds, ditches.
Plant,
March.
14
shallow \ in. of
the
lakes,
deep
in
water,
ENOYOLOPJEDIA
OF
OATIDBNING.
SPECIES CULTIVATED: A. natans Elisma as (now known natans), white and yellow, Aug., Britain; Plantago (Water Plantain),pink or rose, enmmer, Britain; ranunculoides, purple. May to Sept., Britain. Alkanet (Anchusa tinctoria).See Anchusa. "
Allamanda.
Ord. Apocynaoeae. Stove First introduced 1785. "
CULTURE
:
charcoal,"
Compost,
two
climbing plant.
parts fibry loam,
green. Ever-
part leaf-mould,
one
sand. Position, pot, tub, or planted in prepared border; shoots to be trained close to roof. Water Pot, Feb. freely Aprilto Aug., then moderately. Temp., Sept. to March 60" to 70"; March to Sept. 70" to 80". Prune shoots, in Jan., to within one joint of main branch. Propagate, in Jan., by cuttings of shoots of previous coarse
year'sgrov?th, 3 in. long,inserted
in pots of sandy soil,temp. 80". oathartioa, yellow, July, 5 to 10 ft.,Trop. America; Chelsoni, yellow, summer, hybrid; g-randiflora,yellow, June, 6 to 10 ft., Brazil; Sohottii, yellow, Sept., 8 to 10 ft., Brazil, and its varieties,Hendersoni and magnifica; Williamsii, yellow, summer, hybrid. Vine Allegrhany (Adlumia cirrhosa)."See Adlumia. SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
A.
Alljg'ator Apple (Anona palustris).See Anona. Pear Allig'atOr (Perseagratissima). See Persea. Allium (Chives; Leek; Onion; Shallot). Ord. Liliacese. A genus of hardy and greenhouse bulbous-rooted perennials. CULTURE OF HARDY FLOWERING SPECIES: Soil,sandy loam. Plant bulbs 3 in. deep and 4iu. Position, sunny borders or rockeries. Mulch with rotten in summer. manure apart in Oct. or Nov. gate Propa"
"
"
by
seeds
CULTURE
sown
in cold frame
in
spring;
offsets
after
flowering.
OF
GREENHOUSE two parts loam, SPECIES : Coinpost, one six bulbs in a Plant part leaf-mould,and a little silver sand. Cover refuse or ashes in 4i in. pot in Oct. pots with cocoanut-fibre till growth begins,then remove a cold frame to a cool greenhouse. May be flowered in a cold house, or forced into flower in a temp, of 55" to 65 Water freelywhilst growing. After blooming graduallywithhold water and keep dry and cool till new growth begins. Repot annually in Oct. Propagate by seeds in cold frame or cool house in spring; offsets at potting time. .
CULTURE
part decayed, and sunny
OF ONION of garden.
Soil,light,rich, and deeply dug. Position, Manures, fowl, pig, cow, or horse dung, well :
applied liberallyin autumn;
also
lib.
kainit
71b. above time; or, slag per square rod, applied same cannot be liberallygiven, 31b. superphosphateIJlb. soda manures rod, applied ten days before sowing and IJ lb. of nitrate per square rod when of soda plants are 3 in. high; or, lib. nitrate per square lb. 3 of soda, J of guano, oz. kainit, and 3 oz. of sulphate of iron, half the above to be appliedto a square rod when plantsare 3 in. high, remainder month afterwards. Sow and a or spring onions in March end of Aug. or early in Sept. Depth to sow, about ones April; autumn Jin. Distances apart for drills,8 in. Spring onions may also be sown in April, and in Feb., hardening off seedlingscold frames in heat Firm soil plantingout in May. Rows best to run from N. to S. onions into rich soil following essential. Transplant autumn-sown March. the stems Thin seedlingsout early to 8 in. apart. Bend over early in Aug. to promote ripeningof the bulbs. Lift, dry thoroughly, of
" to
basic
store
reach
at
in cool, airy place in Au^. or Sept. Crop takes maturity. Seeds retain their germinating powers
away
15
and
where
24
weeks
for two
years
only. to
Seeds
sow
Mabket
a
in
germinate
7 to
10 for ;
days.
a bed long, i oz. Soil, sandy, deeply dug
50 ft.
row
Culture:
Manures,
autumn.
OAEDENING.
OF
ENCTOLOPJEDIA
30
to
40
tons
farmyard
of
Quantity
yards,1
9 square or
of seed
ploughed
manure
per before
quired re-
oz.
previous acre
and
Just sowing, 3 in. when are and plants superphosphate per apply March in Sow spring onions high, IJ cwt. of nitrate of soda per acre. Lisbon in drills 1 ft. apart ; White onions, for selling youn^, in Aug. Thin out spring-sown crops to 6 in. apart; Keep crops well hoed. pioklersto 2 in. Lift spring crop in Aug. or Sept. Quantity of seed Lisbon 9 to 10 lb. ; White to sow an variety,30 to 40 lb. Average
of
3 cwt.
kainit of
per
applied
acre,
in
3 cwt.
autumn.
acre,
acre,
yield per Cost
^650.
per
acre,
acre
;
dozen per bunches in
300
to
bushels.
500
Average
returns
per hand-
acre,
."40
to
weeding, 26s. Hoeing, lOs. per acre; onions, 3d. to 4d. pulling,washing," bunching autumn-sown bunches. Market spring-sown bulbs in bags; autumn-sown of cultivation:
tied with withies. in trenches Grow .15 in. LEEK: CXJLTUEE OF Soil, lightrich. Bin. and of of decayed manure wide " 18 in. deep, containing 6 in. soil on top ; or in drills 6 in. deep and 1 ft. apart,without manure, any except that previouslydug into the soil; or on the flat,holes 3J in. wide 1 ft. asunder, the leek roots at top " 4 in. deep, " 9 in. apart in rows with an inch of soil, and covered of hole to bottom just beingpressed in in for planting soil. seeds heat Feb. free of Sow leaving upper space in July or out in March for outdoors out in June; or April planting blanch with to tha Earth soil, as plants grow, Aug. up gradually should be quently frein weather. Water manure stems. freely Liquid dry 1 oz. of : given prior to earthing up. Suitable liquidmanure kainit, 1 oz. of superphosphate,and 1 oz. of nitrate of soda per gallon of water. Crop reaches maturity 165 days from time of sowing seeds. Seeds germinate for three years. Seeds retain their germinating power in
seven
to ten
days.
Cultuee: 12 tons of decayed Soil, light,rich. Manures: in kainit in " autumn of 2 cwt manure ploughed ; 4 cwt. of per acre, before " Icwt. of nitrate planting; superphosphate per acre, applied Sow in in Feb., month after seeds heat of soda per acre a planting. Sin. asunder in April, and plant out the seedlings 6 in. apart in rows in March and again in May for successional Sow outdoors Keep crops. the roots in flat bunches and watered. Market well hoed of eight, Sell by the dozen bunches. wash clean, " trim off leaves. Quantity Mabket
of seed bunches
to
of
sow
an
acre,
eight roots.
12
to
14 lb.
Average
returns
Average priceper doz. bunches.
Average yield per (gross)per acre,
acre, 10,890 ,"30 to ^640.
Is. 6d. to 2s. 6d. OULTUEE OF SHALLOT : Soil, light,rich. Position, warm, sunny onion Manure for Plant bulbs (cloves) half their depth, as spot. crop. 1ft. asunder, in Feb. or March. 9 in. apart in rows, Draw soil away when bulbs from base of creased InLift, dry, " store in Aug. fullygrown. in drills 8 ft. apart in March, thinningout seedlings by seeds sown to 8 in. apart ; also by division of the bulbs at planting time. Soil as Culture above. Mabket : Manures: 10 tons of rotten in in 3 cwt. of superphosphate manure autumn; per acre, ploughed per before planting; " 1 cwt. of nitrate of Soda acre, applied per acre, six alter weeks Lift, dry, " store in July or Aug. in Market lb. 12 an Quantity of seeds to sow pecks of acre, 8 to 10 lb. Average yieldper acre, 300 to 400 bushels.
planting.
16
BNGYOLOPMBIA CULTUEE Plant
OF
bulbs
required. CULTUEE in March. "
GARDENING.
OF
GAELIC: in.
Soil, light,rich. Position, sunny spot. No manure deep and 6 in. apart in Feb. store July or Aug. Increase by division of bulbs Feb. CHIVES 6 in. apart each way : Soil, ordinary. Plant
(cloves)2 Lift " OF
Lift, divide, " replant
every
third
year.
Used
for
salads
seasoning. CULTUEE
seeds
OP
in March to
WELSH or
ONION
OE
CIBOULE
:
Sow
Soil,ordinary.
lings April in drills i in. deep " 1 ft. apart. Thin seedapart. May also be increased by division of plants from seed. Leaves used for seasoning.Eeady grown after sowing.
Sin. or but best three months to use CULTUEE OP POTATO ONION Plant bulbs half : Soil, ordinary. their depth 10 in. apart in rows Lift " store in March. 15 in. asunder in Aug. Increased bulbs Used like ordinary onions. by offsets at planting time. OULTUEE TEEE ONION: OF Soil, ordinary. Plant bulbs borne 1 in. deep and 4 in. apart, in rows 8 in. asunder in on top of stems root 12 in. apart each bulbs 1 in. deep and or March; Support way. bulbs when stem Gather stems fullygrown " store in cool, by stakes. dry place. Used for pickling. cloves 6 in. for garlic.Plant EOCAMBOLE CULTUEE OP : Soil as in " to each similar shallots, Feb., or March, April. apart depth way, Bulbs soil " on stem used for similar purpofse Lift " store in Aug. m soil bulbs only for planting. Use in flavour. milder to garlic,but ELOWBaiNG SPECIES: A. aouminatuin, HAK.DT rose, July, 9 in., N. America; oatrow2 ft., Europe; ojeruleum, blue, June, 3 ft., Siberia; Moly, yellow, May, June, 1 ft., S. Europe; roseum, July, 1 ft., Turkestan; rose, skianum, rose, Sohubertii, lilao,June, Orient. triquetrum, white, June, 15 in., Europe; GEEENHOtJSB SPECIES: A. neapolitanum (DaffodilGarlic),white and green, June, 1 ft.,S. Europe. in
6
March,
SPECIES BULBOTJS-ROOTED EDIBLE or not known; Cepa (Onion), Central
asoalonioum : A. Western Asia;
(Shallot),Native
habitat
(Potato (Welsh or Ciboul Cepa proliferum ^Tree or Egyptian Onion) ; fistulosum not known; Schoenoprasum country (Leek), native Onion), Siberia; Porrum Eativum Soorodopraaum (Rocambole; (Garlic), S. Europe; N. Hemisphere; fChives), Spanish Garlic; Sand Leek), flash,July, Denmark. See Cryptogramme. AllOSOrus. See Calycanthus and Pimenta. Allspice. Almond (Prunus Amygdalis). See Prunus. Orchid Almond-scented (Odontoglossum madrense). See Onion)
Cepa
aggregatum
;
"
"
"
"
Odontoglossum. Ainus (Aar; Alder). Ord. Cupuliferse.Hardy trees and shrubs. for of little value, except for making charcoal Timber Deciduous. gunpowder. CULTURE: Soil, ordinary. Position, damp placesfor A. glutinosa; Plant, Nov. Propagate by seeds sown drier spots for the others. in March, transplantingthe seedlingswhen lin. deep in damp soil springingfrom the roots in Nov. year old ; or by suckers "
a,
N. A. glutinosa, 30 to 40 ft., Britain, Europe, CULTIVATED : SPECIES laoiniata (out-leaved), and its varieties, aurea (golden-leaved), and Asia, and Zone, and its varieties folia (oak-leaved); inoana, 10 to 20 ft., N. Temperate of no others, but they are are and pinnatiflda. There pendula nova
Alo'casia."
Ord.
Aroidese.
Stove
plants.
Orn.
foliage.
Africa
queroiaurea,
special First
1854. introduced CULTURE equal parts peat, sphagnum moss, fibry loam, : Compost, charcoal. " Pot, March, keeping base of plant sand with a little silver essential. Position, pots, shady. of pot; good drainage rim above
17
ENCYCLOPEDIA
GARDENING.
OF
Sept., moderately to Sept. 70" to 70"; March
Water
freelyMarch
March
60"
to
to in March.
of rhizomes
afterwards. Temp., Sept. to 80". Propagate by division .
illnstris, 18 in., Borneo; alia, 18 in., .lava; onprea, Z ft., Lowu, Guinea; 2 ft., India; Lindenii, 2 ft., Kew longiloba, 1 ft., Malaya; Manila. 18 18 zebrina, in., sanderiana, ins., Philippines; Borneo; succulent Greenhouse Aloe (Medicinal Aloes).^ Ord. Liliacese. less prickly or Leaves Orn. foliage. Evergreen. fleshy" more SPECIES
A.
CULTIVATED:
"
plants. or
First
spiny.
introduced
1596.
part peat, old mortar, Compost, two parts loam, one rately modePosition, pots or tubs, sniiny greenhouse. Water Pot, March; good drainage April to Aug., little afterwards. 55" to 65". gate Propaindispensable.Temp., winter 50" to 55"; summer CULTURE: river sand.
in well-drained pans of sandy soil, temp. 70". A. albispina, S. Africa; abyssinioa, Abyssinia; its Tarieties, echinata, subincurva, and humilis, and arboresoens, its varieties flavispina and spinnlosa, tubercnlata, S. Africa; mitTEeformis, and window S. Africa; striata, S. Africa; soccrotina, S. Africa; variegata, a favourite more species, plant, S. Africa; vera, Mediterranean Region. There arc very many l3Ut the foregoing are flowers red or yellow, and the moat attractive The ones. are borne slender on spikes. Alonsoa. (Mask-flower). Ord. Scrophulariacese. Half-hardy 1790. shrubby perennials. First introduced CULTtJRE two " sand: Compost, parts loam, one part leaf-mould beds Position, pots, greenhouse, windows, or sunny outdoors. May to
by seeds
sown
OULTITATED: S. Africa;
SPECIES
"
Sept.
moderately always. Pot, MarcJi. Plant, May.
Water
Sept.to
Temp.,
50" to 55".
May
1-16 in. deep, March, Propagate by seeds sown in of gaudy .soil;cuttings, pots sandy soil,Aug-.
temp. 60", in
SPECIES CULTIVATED: A. albiflora,white and 1 ft., Mexico; yellow, summer, 18 in.. Chili ; linearis, scarlet, summer, 1 to 2 ft., incisifolia,soarlet, summer, 1 to 2 ft., Mexico; Peru; linifolia,scarlet, summer, its myrtifolia, scarlet, and variety, alba, white, 2 to 3 ft., Mexico; Warscewiczi, soarlet, summer, 18 in. to 2
ft.. Chili.
See Azalea.
Aloysia.
Lippia. (Loisftleuria procumbens). See Loisleuria. Bell-flower (Campanula alpina). See Campanula. Bladder Fern (Cystopterisalpina)."See Cystopteris. Catch-fly See Silene. (Silenealpestris)." EryngfO (Eryngium alpinum). See Eryngium. Forg^et-me-not See Myosotis. (Myosotis alpestris)." Pink (Dianthus alpinus)."See Dianthus. Poppy (Papaver alpinum). See Papaver. Rose See (Ehododendron ferrugineum " R. hirsutura)." "
Alpine Alpine Alpine Alpine Alpine Alpine
"
"
"
Alpine
Alpine Alpine
"
Rhododendron.
Toad-flax Alpine (Linariaalpina). See Linaria. Violet Alpine See Viola. (Tiolamontana\" Wallflower." See Erysimum. Alpine Wind-flower Alpine (Anemone alpina)."See Anemone. Ord. Scitaminacese. Alpinia (Indian Shell-flower)." Stove ceous herbaperennials. First introduced 1792. CULTURE: Compost, equal parts peat, leaf-mould " loam. tion, Posilargepots, tubs, or beds. Plant, March. Temp., March to Sept 55" to 65"; Sept. to March 70" to 80". Water to Aug., freelyMarch moderately other times. Propa^-ateby division of roots in March "
SPECIES
rod, and
CULTIVATED:
yellow, July
4 tp 6 ft.,India.
and
A. Allughas, reel, Feb., 2 ft., India; mutioa, whiiu Aug., 6 ft., Malaya; nutans, pink and yoUow May
^'
18
ENCYCLOPEDIA
GAllDENINO.
OF
Island Alsophila Fern)." Ord. Filiccs. (Grove Fern; Norfolk ferns. 1833. First introduced tree greenliouse silver sand " : Compost, two one loam, parts peat, part wards. afterWater March to Pot, March. Sept.,moderately freely Position, pots or tubs, shady. Temp., stove 60" to 70" Sept to March, 70-' to 80" March to Sept.; greenhouse 50" to 55" Sept. to March,
Stove and CULTUKS charcoal.
55" to 60" March
to
Sept. Propagate hy
spores,
similar
to
Adiantum.
SPECIES: G to 8 in., W. STOVE A. aspera, Indies; atroyirens, Brazil; infesta Van Gheortii, 3 to 4 ft., Trop. America. GllEENHOUSB SPECIES: A. Colensoi, australis, 15 to 20 ft., Tasmania; 4 to 5 ft..New Zealand; Cooperi, 3 to 5 ft.,Queensland; exoelsa, 6 to 8 ft.,Norfolk Island; pruinata, 3 to 6 ft., W. Indies; ReljeooK, 8 ft., Queensland.
(Kerb Lily). Ord. Amaryllidaceae. Hardy " halfrooted 1754. tuberous" perennials. First introduced CULTURE : Compost, sandy loam, peat, leaf-mould, equal parts. border ; or well-drained Position, sunny, Plant, Oct. pots in cool in winter. in summer, moderately gate Propafreely, greenhouse. Water | in. deep, in sandy soil, in pans in cold frame, by seeds sown Alstromeria
"
hardy
division
March
; SPECIES
of roots,
April or
Oct.
carmine, red, and summer, orange, 3 to 4 ft., brown, brazilionsis, red, yellow, and summer, and white 2 to 3 ft.. Chili; Errembaulti, red, summer, Brazil; chilensis, orange 2 to 3 ft., and purple, summer, hiemanthi, red, green, crimson, 3 "ft.,Hybrid; 1 ft.. Chili, and Chili; pelegrina (Lily of the Incas), lilac,red and purple, summer, 2 to_3 ft., and brown, summer, its variety alba, pure white; pulohella, red, green 2 ft.. Chili; Tersicolor, pink, summer, Brazil; pulohra, purple, white, yellow and 2 to 3 ft., Peru. and purple, maroon summer, green, Primrose Altaian (Primula altaica). See Primula.
2
to
3
CULTIVATED
:
A.
aurantiaca,
ft., OMli;
"
Altaian
Violet
(Viola altaica). "
See
See Telanthera. Alternanthera." Ord. Malvacea3. Althaea (Hollyhock)." first introduced 1573. HOLLYHOCK: OULTOEE OP mould, not too light. Trench
Viola.
hock Hardy perennials. Holly-
loam, or good ordinary spitsdeep in Oct. " work second " third spits. Plant between in groups of three, 12 in. from plant to
Soil, rich
the
soil three
plenty of decayed manure singly3 ft. apart each way, or plant, 4 ft. apart, in .4pril.Mulch in
of soil to width of 18 in. surface with stakes standing 6 ft. out Apply liquid manure of ground. copiouslyin dry weather. flowers directly week from May until blooms expand. Remove a once fine blooms where are of required for off Cut fade. spikes tops they show lower blooms as signsof expanding. Offshoots exhibition as soon from base of plantsin June if fine spikesare desired. should be removed down Cut flower stems Young plantsyieldfinest plants for exhibition. nitrate of soda, i oz. 6 in. of soil after flowering. Manures, to within to 2 ammonia of " kainit, sulphate \ oz. each of superphosphate, month from of intervals at a gallons of water, applied to the roots manures, or to liquiddrainings or solutions of animal from
stem
to
stem. Water
Sept.; May applied in a diluted
Support the
stems
Propagate by occasionallyduring summer. in drills 1 in. deep " 12 in. apart on a south border in June. seeds sown Thin seedlingsto 6 in. apart in July. Lift in Sept., and place in pots in a compost of two parts loam " one part peat Si,leaf -mould ; put m state
On warm for the winter, or plant in similar soil in frame. cold frame m into direct flowering positions be transplanted soils seedlings may Jan. 65" in Feb., 55" to or in soil temp. seeds in good Sow Sept also Increased and plant out in May. in off harden April, in pots, grow inserted flower stems base of of out by cuttin"-s of young shoots growing
19
ENCYCLOPEDIA
OF
GARDENING.
singlyin small pots plunged in a gentlehotbed in spring. Likewise by leaves lower shoots cuttings of young consisting of two joints with in Aug. Lastly, removed, inserted in small pots placed in a close frame the division
by
old plants after flowering. SPECIES OTHEK Soil, ordinary. : Increased March. Oct. or by seeds
of the OP
CULTUEE
Plant,
borders.
Position, sunny outdoors
sown
April.
in
iU and CULTIVATED; A. cannabina, .Tnne, 6 ft., Europe, rose, nial variety narbonenais, red; ficifolia {Fig-leaved llollyliook),yellow, June, 6 ft., bienChina. (Hollyhock), rose, 5 to 6 ft., summer, species, Siberia; rosea See Hibiscus. f rutex. Althaea, Alum-root. See Heuohera. Basket; Gold-dust; Golden-tuft; Gold Alyssum (Madwort; annuals and Sweet Ord. Cruciferae. perennials. Alysson}. Hardy 1710. First introduced border CULTUKE: or Position, open Soil, ordinary. rockery.
SPEOIES
"
"
"
" perennial Plant, Oct. or April. Propagate annual speciesby seeds in. outdoors in sown deep April; perennial speciesby cuttings of J shoots inserted in sandy soil in cold frame April " May. young ANNUAL
SPECIES
C to 10 A. maritimum, white, fragrant, summer, : ina., is a dwarf and Compactum variegatum a variegated variety. is a perennial, Strictly species PERENNIAL SPECIES: A. alpestre, yellow, .Tune, 3 in., Europe; gemonense, 2 to 4 ins., yellow, fragrant, summer, yellow, spring, 1 ft., Europe; montanum, 2 to 3 in., Greece: Europe; orientale, yellow, May, olympicum, yellow, summer, 1 ft., Greece 8 to 10 ins. ; Pyrenees white, summer, ; pyrenaicum, ; saxatile, yellow, Sfay, 1 ft., E. Europe, and its varieties compactum, variegatum, sulphureum, flore pleno (double), serpyllifolium, yellow, ,Tune, 3 in., S. Europe; spinosum, white, .lune, 4 to 6 in., S. Europe; Wiersbeokii, 18 in., Asia yellow, summer, Minor; 3 in., E. Europe. wulfeniana, golden yellow, summer, Amaranth Feathers (Humea elegans). See Humea. Britain
and this
Europe.
"
AmaranthUS flower). Ord. "
Prince's (Love-lies-Bleeding ; Amarantacea!. Half-hardy annuals.
Foliage, ovange-red, crimson, green. Soil, ordinary. Position, sunny 1-16 in. deep, in temp. 65" Propagate by seeds sown to be placed in cool greenhouse a few weeks
Velvetintroduced
Feather; First
1596.
CULTUEE:
bed. to
Plant,
75", March;
June. lings seed-
before planting out. SPECIES A. oaudatus CULTIVATED: (Love-lies-Bleeding),orimson-purple, summer, 2 to 3 ft., Tropics; hypochondriacus (Prince's Feather), crimson, summer, 4 to 5 ft., N. crimson America; and salicifolia,leaves, orange, pui-ple and willow with shaped, 2 to 3 ft., Philippines ; Henderi, leaves tinted rosy-carmine, orangeyellow, and sanguineus, leaves blood-red, flowers ; green purple, 2 to 3 ft., carmine and E. Indies ; tricolor, leaves yellow, India ; melancholicus ruber, leaves crimson.
Amaryllis Hardy
Daffodil Lily)."Ord. AmarylliDeciduous. First introduced 1712. plant. with leat-moiild " cow : Compost, sandy loam, enriched foot border of south manure. Position, well-drained wall. Plant bulbs 9 in. deep " 12 in. apart in June. Water freely in dry weather whilst growing. Mulch with decayed manure in spring. Propagate ofl'sets June. For in greenhouse amaryllis see Hippeastrum by dacece. OULTUEE
SPECIES
Cape appear
(Belladonna Lily;
bulbous
CULTIVATED
Colony. before
Blanda, the
new
:
A.
pale rose,
Belladonna, and
rose, fragrant, Aug. pallida, flesh,are varieties
and Sept., 18 in. The'flowers it.
of
loaves.
Amasonia.^Ord.
Verbenaceae. Stove evergreen floweringperennial. red red Inflorescence, bracts, calyx, " yellow corolla; autumn. CULTUEE: Compost, equal parts loam " leaf -mould, little silver sand. Pot, March. Position, in small pots near glass, well exposed in summer. to light; shade Water freely in spring and summer,
2(1
OF
ENGYGLOP^DIA
GARDENING.
Gather decoration. heads downwards to dry in a cool place. CULTURE Position, : Soil, light,rich. 6 in. apart. I in. Propagate by seeds sown "
drying
March; is
winter
variety
alatum, white,
A.
CULTIVATED: a
fully
wlieu
warm
deep
border. in
"
hang
Plant,
May.
grown
lightsoil,lemp. 65",
early in May.
outdoors
or
SPECIES florum
for
witli
summer,
2
ft., Australia.
Grandi-
larger flowers.
ous-flowering Ord. Leguminosae. Hardy decidu1724. introduced mixed CULTURE shrubbery. Plant, : Soil, ordinary. Position, in the borne that have Oct. to Feb. Prune after flowering,thinning shoots in in blossoms. autumn; layering summer; Propagate by cuttings
(Bastard Indigo).
Amorpha
"
shrubs.
suckers
in winter
;
First
seeds
sown
in cold
SPECIES
frame.
CULTIVATED: A. oanesoons (Lead frutcscens, bluish purple, July, 6 ft., Carolina.
Plant), blue, July,
3
ft.,Missouri;
tuberous-rooted Aroideae. Stove Ord. AlYlorphophallus. perennials. Flowers with purple or white spathes and brown spadices; foetid ; appearing before leaves. Leaves less ornamental. more or cayed CULTURE : Ctompost, equal parts turfy loam, peat, leaf-mould, dein shade. " silver sand. manure Position, well-drained pots in Feb. Pot moderately firm in pots just large enough to take tubers Water to March, transfer to larger pots in April or May. moderately Feb. to April " Sept. to Nov.; freely April to Sept.; keep quite dry Nov. to Feb. to Feb. Sept. 70'^to 80"; Sept. to Nov. 65^ to 75"; Temp., Nov. to Feb. 55" to 65". Propagate by dividingthe tubers in Feb. or "
March. A. SPECIES CULTIVATED or : campanulatus -virosus,purple epathe, India ; lUvieri, purple spathe. Cochin China; Titanum, purple spathe, Sumatra. See Yitis. Ampelopsis." Amur Vine (Vitisamurensis). See Vitis. See Prunus. AmygdaliS." Ord. Portulacaceae. Greenhouse succulentAnacampseros. leaved plant. Nat. S. Africa. CULTURE : Compost, two parts sandy loam, one part of equal proportions of old mortar, small brick rubble " sand. Position, in not too large pots on shelves near the glass;'no shade. Water moderately in spring " summer; " winter. sphere keep nearly dry in autumn Dry atmoneeded. temp.,45 to 50" in winter; 50" to Repot in March, 60" in summer. in a mixture of fine rubble Propagate by seeds sown " sandy loam, in heat, in spring; by cuttings,exposed to the air for few days after removal from the plant, then inserted a in fine sand in "
"
a
gentle heat. SPECIES
CULTIVATED
pink, Sept., 1
AnagalliS
ft. j
A. araohnoides, pink, July, 12 : 1 ft, telephiastrum, pink, summer, Ord. Primulacese. (Pimpernel)."
to
18
ins.
;
Hardy
fllamentosa, annuals
"
perennials. Trailing. CULTURE rich. : Soil, light, Position, sunny, well-drained borders for annuals ; moist " boggy placesfor perennials.Propagate annuals by seeds sown J in. deep in temp. 65" March, transplantingseedlings outdoors in June; perennials by division of roots in March, or by seeds in April. outdoors sown SPECIES ANNUAL A. : fruticosa, -vermilion, May to Aug., 2 ft Morocco to Sept., 4 to grandiflora, blue and C in.; indioa red, May blue July"" 1 ft' "
'
India.
PEEENNIAL
SPECIES
A.
oollina
alba, white and yellow, April to June 6 in it.'! varieties, Breweri' (redi' ft., Europe, and lilaoina (lilao),Parksi (red), and sanguinea (blood-red);tonella, rosy July and Aug., Britain ; wobbiana, blue, July, i in., Portugal. Europe;
:
linitolia, blue, July, 1
22
ENCYCLOPAEDIA
GAMDENIXG.
OF
Ananas (Pme-apple)."Ord. Bromeliaceaj. Stove pUiuts, bearing well-kuowu fruit" piue apples. Orn. First foliage. Evergreen. introduced 1690. CULTUKE: Compost, two parts decomposed loam, one the
fibry part another well-decayedmanure, part Jiu. bones " pounded oyster shells. Position,pots plunged in a tan hotbed in stove facing south. Temp., 65" to 75"; March Sept.to March to Sept.75" to 90". Full exposure to sun essential. Water moderately m winter, freely in summer. Moist atmospheremost essential in spring and and a slightly summer, dry
in winter.
one
When
with liquid manure "freely
bearing inserted
when in
two small
begins to ripen
withhold
plants in fruitingpots. old. Propagate by suckers,
years
in
pots
SPECIES CULTIVATED leaves edged with yellow
fruit
:
or
Supply
water.
Plants
into
come
of fruit
or
crowns
A.
sativus
temp. 80", spring.
A. sativus, 3 red.
ft.,Trop. America
;
variegatus,
Anaphalis (PearlyEverlastingor Immortelle). Ord. Conipositas. Hardy perennial. Flowers, white, useful for cutting in August and "
drying
for
CULTUEE
winter ;
use.
Soil, ordinary.
March. Increased outdoors in April. or
N.
SPECIES America.
by
CULTIVATED:
Position,sunny
division A.
in
autumn
borders. or
white,
margaritaoea,
Plant in Oct. spring; seeds sown
July
and
Aug.,
1
ft.,
Anastatica (Kose of Jericho; Eesurrection Plant). Ord. Cruciferaa. Half-hardy annual. Possesses the peculiarproperty in its native rain comes of country of withering up in dry weather, and when itself out alive. as spreading again, though CULTUEE Sow seeds in a cold frame in spring : Soil, ordinary. " plant in sunny border in May. A. Hieroohuntioa, SPECIES CULTIVATED: 1 ft.. Orient. white, summer, Anchor Plant See CoUetia. cruciata). (Colletia "
"
Anchusa (Alkanet; Sea Bugloss). Ord. Boragiuaceas. Hardy biennials " perennials. borders. CULTUEE; Soil, ordinary. Position, sunny Plant, Oct. in March. or J in. deep in March Propagate biennials by seeds sown in 55" outdoors of to boxes or or soil, 65", April; temp. sandy pans perennialsby division in Oct. aud CULTIVATED: A. Barrelieri, Mue white, June, 2 ft., Europe, SPECIES perennial; capensis, blue, July, 12 to 18 in., S. Africa, biennial; italica, blue, July, 3 to 4 ft., S. France, perennial; Esmpervirens, Llue, June, 2 it., Europe, perennial. nica. Anderson's Spsedvirell (Veronica Andersoni). See Vero"
"
Andre's
(Anthurium
Flamingo-plant
andreanum).
"
See
Anthurium. ceae. Eosemary). Ord. EricaEosemary; Wild Evergreen. Hardy or CULTUEE : Soil, boggy peat. Position,moist, shady borders dead wood. No pruning required except to cut away beds. Plant, Oct. in peaty soil in a Propagate by layering shoots in Sept.; seeds sown
Andromeda
(Marsh
"
flowering shrub.
cold
frame.
A. Temperate CULTIVATED: polifolia, pink, .Tune, 1 ft.. North varieties. See and sandra, Pieris, Casare major Angustifolia, roamarinifolia in this genus. for other Zenobia and species formerly included Leucothoe Stove " hardy (Lemon Grass). Ord. Gramiueae. Andropogon 1786. introduced First ornamental flowering grasses. SPECIES
Regions.
"
23
CULTURE
OF
GARDENING.
OF
ENOYCLOPMDIA STOVE
two
(A. Sdioenanthus)-. Compost,
SPECIES
Pot,
in stove.
Position, pots " sand. one part leaf-mould Temp., March. Water to Oct., moderately afterwards. freely March Increased 65". 55" to by March 75" to 85"; Oct. to March to Oct. division in March.
parts loam,
CULTURE
OF
Position, sunny
HARDY
occasionallyin
manure
STOVE Lemon HAIIDT
"
dry.
April. Apply liquid (Syn.
oitratus),
A.
the
2
Androsa.ce
(Rock Jasmine). Ord. 1755. alpineplants. First introduced
CULTURE
"
Sohocuanthus
A.
India. ft., foliage lemon-scented, A. fmoatus, SPECIES CULTIVATED:
GrasR,
ordinary, light,
Propagate by division.
summer.
CULTIVATED:
SPECIES
Soil
SPECIES:
Plant, Oct., March,
border.
"
:
Position, sunny Plant, March
18
America.
in., N.
Primulaceae.
Hardy
nial peren-
Soil, sandy peat " loam, with small piecesof limestone. rockeries, in fissures of stones or under ledges of rock.
1-16 in. deep, in or April. Propagate by seeds sown in cold frame; cuttingsin pots of sandy soil in frames in Sept." Oct. ; division .if roots in April ; seeds in pots in cold frame. CULTIVATED; A. SPECIES pink, .Tuly, 3 in., Europe; foliosa, flesh, cavnea, June, 4 in., W. Himalayas; Laggeri, pink, Marcli, 3 in., Transylvania; lanuginosa, 3 in., Himalayas; July, 8 to 9 in., Himalayas; May, rose, sarmentosa, rose. villosa, rose. May, 3 in., Europe. sempervivoides, purple. May, 3 in., Himalayas; Anemia " (Flower-fern; Ash-leaf Fern)." Ord. Filices. Stove
sandy peat
greenhouse
ferns. First introduced 1793. CULTURE; Compost, equal parts loam, peat, leaf-mould, sand, " charcoal. useful for wardian Position, shady, moist; cases. Pot, Water " Feb., March. freelyspring summer, moderately other times. to Sept. 70"^to 85", Sept. to March 60" to 65"; Temp., stove, March March to 45" to 50". pagate Progreenhouse, Sept. 55" to 60", Sept. to March by spores similar to Adiantum. SPECIES STOVE CULTIVATED: A. adiantifolia, 12 to 18 in., Trop. America; collina, 8 to 12 ins.,Brazil; dregeana, 9 in., Natal; rotundifolia, 6 to 9 in., Brazil. GEEENHOUSE SPECIES CULTIVATED: A. PhiUltidis, 1 ft., Cuba, Peru; tomentosa (Syn. chelianthoides, deltoides and flesuosa), 1 to 2 ft.,Mexico, etc. Anemone Ranunculacese. (Wind-flower). Ord. ceous Hardy herba" tuberous-rooted perennials. CULTURE HERBACEOUS OF SPECIES : Soil, good ordinary,well enriched with decayed manure. Position, sunny or partiallyshady borders. Plant, autumn or spring. Increased by seeds sown m sandy soil in cold frame in spring; division of roots in Oct. or March; root cuttingsin spring. ^"
CULTURE
OF
TUBEROUS-ROOTED with leaf-mould
light, liberally mixed
partiallyshaded
beds Nov. ;
SPECIES: "
decayed
borders. Plant tubers in Feb. " March. or Lift dies, " store away in cool place till plantingtime. in prepared beds of above soil in Jan. or Feb. sown
apart in Oct.
or
or
Soil, moderately Position, Sin. deep " 6 in'
manure.
tubers
when
Increased
foliage by
seeds in July HERBACEOUS SPECIES CULTIVATED: A. alpina, white. May, 1 ft Europeangulosa (Syn. Hepatioa angulosa), blue, March, 1 ft., E. Europe; apennina blue' and white, 6m., March, Europe; blanda, blue, Jau. to March, 6 in., Asia rose, March, 6 in., N. Hemisphere, and its varieties "*',*'""^,^^^" ^{.""^'v?/^* a""J, ?i vl"""!?'??""lea.(bluo)oserulea plena (double blue), rubra (red), rubra plena (double red), Barlowii (blue) and rosea (rose); japonioa (Japanese Wind-flower), red, Sept., 2 ft., Japan, and numerous varieties described in trade lists; nemerosa (Wood Anemone), white, March, G in., Britain ; nemerosa robinsoniana, blue Pulsatilla (Pasque Flower), blue, April, 1 ft., Britain; palmata, white May 9 in., S. France; rivularis,white, May, 2 to 3 ft..Himalayas; sylvestris (Sniwdrop -"""h Anemone), white, April, 1 ft., Europe. or
"
24
ENCYCLOPEDIA
GARDENING.
OF
TOBBllOUS-ROOTED
SPECIES CULTIVATED: A. ooronaria (Poppy Anemone), oolouvs, spring, 1 ft., S. Europe; liortonsis,-various colours, spring, 1 ft., S. Europe; liortensis fulgons (Scarlet Wind-flowor), crimson, May, 1 ft., S. Europe; hortensis pavonina stellata or (Peacock Anemone), double-flowered, ranunculoides (Yellow Wood Anemone), golden yellow, March, 1 ft., Britain, etc. Anemonopsis (Yerba Mansa).^ Ord. Eanuiimilaceae. Hardy herbaceous 1869. perennial. First introduced CULTURE: Soil, deep rich loam. Position,partiallyshaded border. Plautj Oct., Nov., March. Propagate by division of roots in Oct. or March in heat in March, planting seedliuss out in May. ; seeds sown SPECIES A. and 0U1,TITATBD: July, macrophylla, lilao and purple, June 2 to 3 ft., Japan. Angel's-Tears (Narcissustriandrus). See Narcissus.
"various
"
"
Angel's
Trumpet
(Datura suavolens)." See Datura. Perennial (iHolyGhost). Ord. Umbelliferae. for flavouring confectionery" liqiiors.
Angelica
"
herb CULTUEE
used
by
seeds
When
:
Soil,ordinary,deep,moist March 3 in. high thin them A. officinalis, : green,
|in.deep
sown
seedlingsare
in
loam. where to
ceous herba-
pagate Position, shady. Pro-
6 in.
plants are
to
remain.
apart.
July, i to 5 ft., Europe. Aralia. See Tree Angelica. (Araliaspinosa).baceous " Stove Ord. greenhouse herScrophularineae. Angelonia. 1818. First introduced perennials. " CTJLTTIEE: a Compost, equal parts of loam, peat, leaf-mould
SPECIES
CULTITATBD
"
"
little sand. Position, pots in sunny parts of stove or greenhouse. Pot, Water to Oct., moderately afterwards. March. Temp., freelyMarch afterwards 65" to to 55". to 60" for stove species; March 75", Oct., 45" to 55" for greenhouse kinds. to Oct. 55" to 65", Oct. to March March shoots division in roots of March; cuttings of young Propagate by in i n 75" sand under inserted in bell-p-lass, temp. April. A. CULTIVATED: STOVE SPECIES oornigera, purple, Aug., 1 ft., Brazil; floribunda, purple, Aug., 1 ft.,Brazil; salicarisefolia,blue, Aug., 2 ft., S. America. CULTIVATED: A. S'PEOIES angustafolia, violet, .lur.e,1 Jt., GREENHOUbB grandiflora, purple, Gardneri, purplisb-white, May, 1 ft., Pernambuco; Mexico; Sept., July, 1 ft., Pernambuco. Stove Filices. fern. tree Ord. Angiopteris (Turnip-fern). "
Evergreen. " CULTURE: Compost, equal parts peat, loam, leaf-mould, sand in in. 3 March. Position, pots or tubs, standing charcoal. Pot, Feb., Water in ."hade. moderately other of water freelyin spring " summer, 45" to 50". 55" March to to to 60"; Sept times. Sept. Temp., March Propagate by offsets only. A. eyecta, 10 to 16 ft..Tropics. CULTIVATED SPECIES : See Sanseviera. Hemp. Angola Orchidaceae. Ord. Stove epiphytal orchids. Angrsecum. "
"
1815. Flowers fragrant. First introduced potsherds, charcoal, " CULTURE: Compost, equal parts broken in Position, shady suspended baskets or well-drained sphagnum moss. wards. afterto Oct., moderately March Water March. freely pots. Pot, 80". 70" to to 60" March to March to 65"; Sept. Temp., Sept. axils leaves in of Flower winter. top spikes appear Resting period, Propagate by division of plant in March. when growth is finished. and white. May June, 8 to 13 in., A. artioulatum, CULTIVATED: SPECIES white, Aug., 12 to 15 in., Trop. Africa; oitratum, lemoneaudatum, Madagascar; 1 to 2 ft., Maewhite, spring, eburnum, spring, 6 to 8 in., Madagascar; yellow falcatum, white, spring, 1ft., Madagascar; carene' Islands ; EUisii, white. May, Islands; fasHumboldtii, white, spring, 8 to 10 in., Comoro 4 to 6 in., Japan; soottianum, white, spring, 1 ft., Comoro spring, Madagascar; white, tuosum 25
ENCYCLOPyEDIA
GARDENING.
OF
sesquipedale, white, Islands; sanderianum, white, spring, 1 ft., Comoro 1 ft., Madagascar. Orchidaceae. Ord. Cradle Ang^uloa Orchid). (Bull's Head; 1842. introduced Warm First Flowers greenhouse orchids. fragrant.
Islands; Jan.
to
June,
"
CULTlIItE
;
Compost,
fibrous
when new part little afterwards. Sept., very 55" to G0". to March Besting of
Pot
house.
peat
Position, pots, shady
charcoal.
"
growth begins. Water Temp., April to Sept. Flowers period, winter.
freely May 60"
to
65"; Sept.
to
at base appear when of division repotting. pseudo-bulbs growth. Propagate by 13 to 18 in., Colombia; SPEOIES CULTIVATED: A. dowesii, yellow, May, uniflora, cream. May, 2 to 3 ft., Ruckeri, yellow and crimson. May, 18 in., Colombia; in trade lists. of each Colombia. Seyeral varieties species will be found succulent-stemmed Anhaloniuin. Greenhouse Ord. Cactaceae. of
new
"
perennials.
Grown
milarias. CULTURE
:
for
the
beauty
of
globose stems.
Allied
to
Mam-
Compost, equal parts sandy loam, rough old mortar, " Pot, Position, sunny, airy greenhouse or window. accommodate well-drained to March in or April, pots just large enough Water roots. moderately Eepot every third or fourth year only. March afterwards. to Sept., once to a Doc, none fortnight Sept. to days, June to Sept. Apply soot water Syringe on evenings of warm to June Ventilate in summer. freely healthy plants, Sept. Temp., bricks.
pounded
50" to 55". to Sept.60" to 70"; Sept. to March March Propagate by seeds sown in well-drained m. or \ pots of sandy soil in temp. pans deep 75" in March, keeping soil moderately moist; by cuttings of the tops of tlie
inserted
plants
SPECIES
Mexico;
in small pots of A. Engelmanni,
CULTIVATED:
Williamsii,
3
Anig^OZEinthOSi
perennials.
Nat.
CULTURE: silver sand.
to
Ord. Australia. "
in
to
in., Mexico;
6
in
spring.
prismaticum,
6
in.,
in., Mexico.
4
Compost, Pot
sandy, gritty compost 4
one
March.
Haemodoraceae. First introduced
part loam,
two
Position, pots
Greenhouse
herbaceous
1802.
parts peat, " one part cool greenhouse fully summer, moderately in
in
light. Water freely in spring " winter. Temp., 40" to 50" in winter; no heat at other times. Propagate W division of the roots in spring. CULTIVATED: A. bicolor, scarlet and SPECIES green. May, 3 ft.; Manglesii, and red, July, 3 ft. ; pulcherrima, yellow and green white. May, 2 ft. ; rufa, purple, June, 2 ft. Animated Oat (Avena sterilis).See Avena. Anise. See Pimpiuella. Aniseed Tree (lUicium floridanum)."See lUicium. exposed
to
"
autumn
"
"
AncectOChilUS orchids.
golden,
Orn.
(King-plant)."Ord. Orchidaceae. Stove trial terresfoliage. Ht. 3 to Bin. Leaves, bronze, olive,
green.
CULTURE
:
Compost, peat,sand,
Position, shady, well-drained
quite
close.
Water
pans moderately at
"
sphagnum
under
a
moss
in
bell-glassnot
all times. Pot, Feb. to Sept. 60" to 75". Temp., Sept. to Feb. 55" to 65"; March in Feb. by inserting portions of stems in same compost for plants, " under bell-glass. SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
equal parts. fixed or
down March.
Propagate as
advised
A. argyroncnrus, olive, veins silvery, Java; conoinnus golden, Assam; Heriotii, reddish, veins golden, India; hieroglyphicus' veins silvery, Assam; Lansbergiaj, velvety green, green, veins emerald-green' veins Malaya; regalis, velvety green, golden, Ceylon; regalis. albo-marginatus ed^ed with white; regalis oordatus, edged with gold; regalis granditolius golden netted Veitohii, velvety green, with veins; gold. Kumerons other species mav in specialists'catalogues. be found See Lapeyrousia. Anomatlieca.
olive, veins
"
BNOYCLOPMDIA Anona
(AlligatorApple;
Custard sliruba. First
Apple;
Sweet Sop)." Ord. AnoLeaves 1690. grant. fraintroduced edible. reticulata, " A. squamosa : Compost, two parts loam, one part peat, " a little silver March or Water April. Position, light " sunny. freely
Stove Fruit
naceae.
GARDENING.
OF
evergreen of A. muricata, A.
CULTURE sand. Pot, March to Oct., moderately afterwards. Syringe daily April to Sept. Shade from bright sunshine. to Oct. 65^ to 85"; Oct. to Temp., March March 55" to 65". Propagate by seeds in spring, or by cuttings of firm shoots in moist sand under 75" in summer. bell-glassin
temp.
SPECIES
OULTITATED:
A.
Cherimolia
(Cherimoyer), brown, Aug., 12 to 18 ft., 10 ft., Trop. Sop), yellow, summer, America;
Trop. America; murioata (Sonr palustria (Alligator Apple), yellow, summer, 10ft., Trop. America; ^Custard Apple), yellow and brown, summer, 15 to 18 ft., Trop. America; 15 to 20 ft., W. (Sweet Sop), white, summer, Indies.
Anopterus
(Tasmanian Laurel). floweringshrub. Evergreen. First "
Ord.
reticulata squamosa
Saxifragacae.
introduced
house Green-
1823.
CULTURE Pot " : Compost, two parts loam, one part peat " sand. March. March Position, to prune, sunny greenhouse. Temp., Sept. 45" to 50"; March to Sept. 55" to 65". Water moderately in winter, other times. at abundantly Propagate by cuttingsof firm shoots 3 in. in under in temp. 65" in summer. long, sandy peat bell-glass SPECIES CDLTITATED: A. glandulosus, white or pink, April, 2 to 3 ft., Tasmania.
Antennaria (Cat's-ear).Ord. Compositae. Hardy herbaceous perennials. Leaves, silverywhite; useful for carpet bedding or edgingsto borders, clothingdry spots. CULTURE: borders rockeries. or Soil, ordinary. Position, sunny Oct. division in roots of March. Plant, March or Propagate by "
SPECIES CULTIVATED : A. dioica, pink, June, 3 in., Britain ; dioioa tomentosa, Last-named 1 in., Britain. is a good carpet bedding wMte, summer, plant. A known as margaritacea is now Anaphalis margaritacea, whicli see. Ant'Tieinis (Chamomile). Ord. Compositse. Hardy perennials. for Flowers the Chamomile of Common (A. nobilis),used making Chamomile Tea ; those of other speciesfor ordinary garden decoration. CULTURE Position, sunny borders for tall species : Soil, ordinary. ; rockeries for dwarf Common Chamomile Plant, Oct. or March. ones. in April. Gather to be planted 3 ft. apart in rows 30 in. asunder flowers division in Increased seeds when March; sown fully expanded. by "
outdoors SPECIES
in
April.
CTJLTITATED:
A.
biebersteiniana,' white,
summer,
1
to
nobilis macedonica, white, June, 6 to 8 in., Macedonia; (Common white, Aug., 1ft., Europe; tinctoria (Dyer's or Ox-eye Chamomile), 2 ft., Europe. are Kelwayi and Mrs. H. T. Brooks pretty varieties
species. Anthericum
(St.Bernard's perennials. CULTURE: Soil, light,rich.
Lily). "
Ord.
Liliaceae.
2
ft.,Orient;
Chamomile), white, Aug., of
the
Hardy
latter
baceous her-
borders. Position, partiallyshaded in. in seeds Nov. sown Plant, Oct., deep light soil in ^ Propagate by of division in in roots March Oct. cold frame Sept. or ; A. Liliago (St. Bernard's SPECIES CULTIVATED: Lily), white, July and Aug., June to white. 12 to 18 in., S. Europe; Liliago major, a superior form; ramosum, for Paradisea, Pulyinella, and Chlorophytum Aug., 2 ft., S. Europe. See the genus in this genus. other species formerly included AnthOlyza (African Corn-flag). Ord. Iridaceae. Hardy bulbous "
perennials.
First
introduced.
1756.
Position, sunny border, well CULTURE: Soil, light, sandy. 6 in. deep. Bin. bulbs drained; pots in cool greenhouse. Plant apart Bulbs to be lifted in Aug., dried, in border, or six in a G in. pot, Oct. 27
"k stored
offsets at
place. Propagate by spring.
till Oct. in cool
in slightheat
seeds
GARDENING.
OP
EnCYOLOP^DIA
in
OULTITATED:
SPECIES
paniculata, yellow
and Natives
4 ft.
(Staphylea pinnata).
Anthony-nut
"
of
SPECIES
OULTITATED:
for
March.
or
odoratum,
:
March
in
or
Oct.
(Chervil), 6 in., Europe, Asia, et". Stove (Plamingo-plant; Tail-flower). Ord. Aroidese. and March to oru. foliage. Flowering period, Aiig. Flowering :
A.
cerefolium
Anthurium
"
First introduced CULTUEE ;
1825.
Compost,
equal parts rough
Position, pots, well drained, shady. Nov.,
to
March seeds
to sown
Pnelii, Bin., Europe.
1ft., Europe;
"
CULTIVATED
plants.
of
"
apart
SPECIES
odour
newly bouquets. Position, open Plant, Oct. or March. plants are to grow Jin. deep where has
the
herb TJmbelliferse. Hardy annual 1656. flavouring. First introduced der borsouth Soil, ordinary. Position, shady in summer, Sow seeds broadcast J in. deep, or similar depth in drills
garnishing
CULTURE in winter. 6 in.
Gramineae.
"
(Chervil). Ord.
AnthriSCUS used
A.
A.
Staphylea.
See
Inflorescence Hardy perennial floweringgrass. mown hay, and is useful for drying for winter OULTtJEE: Soil,ordinary. border. Propagate by seeds sown in April; division of roots, Oct.
4ft.;
Africa.
S.
Vernal-grass;. Ord.
(Sweet
Anthoxanthum
yellow, .Tune, 3 to
red
"thiopioa,
A.
red, July, 3 to
and
planting time;
Pot,
peat,
March.
moss. sphagnum March freely
Water
60" to 65"; moderately afterwards. Temp., Sept. to March 70" 8lJ". division to of in March; roots Sept. Propagate by of chopped sphagnum in a mixture moss, charcoal," sand
in spring. A. ecarkt and CULTIVATED, Flowering; andreanum, white, Colombia white and purple, -Venezuela mala; ; ornatum, scherzeriannm, scarlet, Guate; and Ornamental-leaved: Williameii, white cream. bia; ColomBrownii, green, and Peru; orystallinum, green, magniflcuni, green white, Colombia; Veitohii, and and Colombia; green, white, Colombia. For varieties, warrocqueanum, green in
temp,
of 80"
SPBOIBS
which
are
see
numerous,
AnthylliS shrubs Hardy
lists.
(Kidney Vetch; and
Lady's Fingers). Ord. "
Leguminosse.
perennials.
CULTUEE: Soil, border. Plant, Oct. shoots under seeds sown in Oct.
trade
ordinary. Position, open or partially shaded Propagate shrubby kinds by cuttings of young
bell-glassin cold Jin. deep in warm
frame
border
in March ; herbaceous species by in April or by division of root
SPECIES
CULTIVATED (Shrubs): A. Barba-Jovis, pale yellow March 4 ft HermanniK, yellow, April, 2 to 4ft., Corsica. Perennial species: A. montana, pink, June, S to 6 in., Alps; Vulaeraria (Wound-wort or Lady's Finffers) to Aug., 6 to 12 in., Britain. yellow, June
Spain;
Antirrhinum herbaceous CULTUEE or
walls.
(Snapdragon).
"
Ord.
Scrophulariaceae. Hardy
perennials. : Soil,ordinary. Position, warm, Plant,
dry borders, rockeries,
in temp. 70" in April. Propagate by seeds sown April,transplanting seedlingsin May ; cuttings
March outdoors or in of young shoots in cold frame in fresh plants being raised
Best treated as annuals nials, bienor every year OtLTIVATED: SPECIES A. Asarina, yellow, summer, 3 in., Italy; maius (Coinmon Snapdragon) pink, July, 1 to 2 ft,,Mediterranean Region, naturalised in Britain, and parent of the beautiful forms in gardens; grown Orontium fCom\-^""ii fleld Snapdragon), flesh, Aug., 1ft., Britain. Ord. Leguminosae. Greenhouse AotUS." flowering shrub. green. Ever-
Aug.
OF
ENOYCLOPJEDIA
GAIiDlilNING.
in bottom " 2 in. top soil on wide for double Put 3 iji.manure rows. for end of June for early crop: this. in June Plant out first week in. apart main Distance apart for plants,8 in. for single row ; 9 crop. from Earth in row for double rows. " 6 in. between gradually rows up in light only. Sow seeds 1-10 in. deep Sept. to Nov. in fine weather in March in " March for early crop; soil in temp. 65" to 75" in Feb. in ^pril. Seedlings in similar temp, for main crop, or in cold frame first two to be transplanted2 in. apart in light soil in boxes, kept cases in temp. 55" to 65" for few weeks, then planted Bin. apart in shady Water till required for planting in trenches. bed outdoors liberally solitt hearts. manure to until earthed ensure Liquid crisp, apply up at rate of 1 oz. from week a once planting till earthing up. Guano Plants suitable stimulant. for seed bearing most to gallon of water in them not to be earthed severe weather; transplant protect up; followingspring; gather seed in Sept. Seeds germinate in 15 to 20
days, " retain
maturity in 24 1,000 plants.
their vitalityfrom weeks from date seeds
eight to are
ten 1
sown.
Crop reaches years. of seed will yield oz.
30 to 40 Manures: Soil,deep, light," rich. in in autumn 20 tons or acre, ploughed ; per " 4 cwt. superphosphate per of farmyard manure applied in autumn acre applied in spring. Plough out trenches 6 in. deep, 1 ft. wide, " 4 ft. apart in May, " plant direct into these ; or dig out trenches 1 ft. tread with wide " 18 in. deep, put in 1 ft. of manure, firmly," cover 4 in. of soil,then plant. Sow for early crops in Feb., main crops in out in April. Plant March, and late ones early crops in May, mainin moist. in late Earth ones June, fully July. Keep crops up when in this in three bundles Do Market taining operations. (rolls)congrown. sticks. 8 washed 12 unwashed or 1,200 Average yieldper acre, rolls. Average returns (gross)per acre, ^640 to ^660.
Culture
Maeket
tons
of
farmyard
CULTURE
OP
:
manure
TUBNIP-RODTED
OR CELERY CELERIAC: Soil, level border. Plant in June 1 ft. apart in Draw 18 in. asunder. little mould rows Keep all side shoots removed. around base of each in Aug. Water in weather. Lift roots freely dry in Oct. " store them in sand in shed till required for use. " Sow treat seedlingsas advised for ordinary celery. SPECIES CULTIVATED: A. graveolens (Celery),white, July, 3 ft., Britain; graveolens rapaceum white, July. (Celeriao), Aponogeton (Cape Pond-weed; Winter Hawthorn)." Ord. Naiadaceae. floatingaquatic. Nat. Cape of Good Hope. First Ilalf-liardy introduced 1788. CULTURE : Soil, ordinary. Position, shallow ponds or lakes, 1 ft. deep where there is a stream of water, or in a cold greenhouse tank or aquaria. Plant in pots, sinking the latter in the water during March. Not hardy in the north. Propagate by offsets. CULTIVATED: A. distaohyon, white, fragrant, summer. BPEOIBS See Pyrus. Apple." Rose Apple-bearins (Rosa villosa pomifera)."See Rosa.
rich,light. Position,sunny
of Apple Apricot.
Aqulleg:ia Graceful flowers for CULTURE:
Peru (Nicandra physaloides). See Nicandra. See Prunus. RanunculacesB. (Columbine). Ord. Hardy perennials. plantsfor border or rockery culture " for yielding "
"
"
cutting.
Soil, sandy loam, enriched well-drained, partially shady rockeries 30
"
with leaf-mould. Position, borders. Plant, Oct. or
BNOYCLOP^DIA
GARDMNINO.
OF
March. Propagateby seeds sown in Aug., or in border in open
J in. deep in sandy soil in cold
April;
diyision
of
the
roots
in
frame
Oct.
or
April. SPEOIES
CULTIVATED:
A.
alpina, blue and white, May to July, 13 to 18 in., yellow, April to June, 1 to 2ft., N. America; cierulea, blue and wbite. May, 12 to 18in., N.W. ohrysantha, primroseAmerica; yellow and to Aug., 3ft., New purple. May red and yellow, Mexico; formosa, 3 ft., N. America; summer, glandulosa, blue and white, April to June, 8 to 12 in., Siberia; olympica, blue and white, April and May, 18 in.. Orient; pyrenaica, lilao blue, April to June, 9 to 13 in., Pyrenees; and white, June sibirica, lilao and .luly, Siberia; Skinneri, yellow and to 2 to 3 ft., Mexico; Aug., red, June Stuartii, blue and white, June, 9 in., hybrid; TUlgaris (Common Columbine), various colours, single and A of number double, 3 ft., Britain. lovely hybrids will be found in lists. exist, which Arabian vlaSEnane (Jasminum Sambac). See Jasminum. Alps;
canadensis,
scarlet
and
"
(Wall Cress; Hock
Arabis
Cruciferie.
Cress;." Ord. perennial Alpine trailingplants. OUETUEE: Soil, ordinary. Position, edgings
massing
or
bulbs,
well-drained
nual, an-
ders bor-
rockeries
of Spring-flowering ; carpeting beds 1-16 in. deep Propagate by seeds sown Aprilj cuttingsinserted in shady border in Aug. ; division on
sunny
Plant, Oct.
etc.
outdoors
to
Hardy
". Nov.
in in Oct.
of roots
SPEOIES A. CULTIVATED: albida, white, spring, 6 to albida alLida flore-pleno; double-flowered variegata, leaves ;
9 in., Tauria, etc.; white ; edged with
alpina, white, March, (iin., Europe ; arenosa, May; 6 in., Europe ; -blepharorose. phylla, purple, Feb., 6 in., California; lucida, or berbidifolia, variegata, yellow4 in., S. annua] edged leaves, 6 in., Europe; purple. May, verna, Europe, an species.
Arachis Diinosae. seed
pod
(Monkey Nut; Earth Nut; Ground Nut)." Ord. LeguStove annual. After Flowers, yellow; May. flowering the is gradually forced into the soil to ripen its seeds,which are
edible. OULTUEE of 75"
to
" Compost, loam, leaf-mould spring; plant seedlings in
:
85"
in
lightposition. SPECIES
Aralia shrubs.
Water
moderately.
CULTIVATED:
A.
hypogKa,
Temp. 1
sand. Sow seeds in small pots and grow 75" to 8S"-
ft.. West
in
a
hardy plants
"
Indies.
Stove (Angelica Tree). Ord. Araliaceae. " deciduous. Orn. foliage. Evergreen "
temp,
First
introduced
1658.
SPEOIES : Compost, equal parts loam, peaty Water sand. to March. leaf-mould, charcoal, Pot, Feb. freely March to Oct., moderately afterwards. to March Temp., Sept. 70" to 80" ; Sept.to March 60" to 70"Propagate by grafting in heat in in roots of lightsoil in temp. 80" in April. spring; insertingportions CULTUllE
OF
STOVE
"
,
HAEDY SPECIES: loam. Soil, rich, well-drained for borders herbaceous species,margins of lakes or Position,shady for shrubby kinds. Plant, Sept. ponds, or moist, sheltered shrubberies " April. Increase iu " Oct. or in March by division in Oct. or March of herbaceous case species; suckers for shrubby species. A. elegantissima, Polynesia; STOVE SPECIES CULTIVATED: kerchoveana, Veitohii filiclfoha, Veitchii, New Caledonia; gracillima: Polynesian Islands; Pseudo-panax, EliBodendron, Polynesia. See also Panax, Oreopanaz, Acanthopanax, Aralias. Fatsia for other and as species formerly known A. cachemirica, white, HARDY PERENNIALS CULTIVATED: HERBACEOUS 4 to 6ft., Japan; cordata 6ft., Himalayas; (syn. edulis),white, summer, summer, greenish white, June, nudicaulis, greenish, June, 3 to 4ft., N. America; raoemosa, CULTURE
N.
OF
America. HARDT SHRUBBY
cus),
ohinonsis mandschuriA. SPECIES (syn. Dimorphanthus : ohinensis folius gated varieaureus-variegatus, 12ft., elegant foliage, China; with yellow; spinosa (Angelica Tree), white, autumn, 8 to 13ft., N. America. 31
fi to
(Monkey Puzzle; Pine; Bunya-Bunya
Araucaria Norfolk
Island
GABBMNING.
OF
MNCYOLOPMDIA
Chilian
Pine;
Pine)." Ord.
Bay Pme; Cruciferae. Hardy Moreton
"
Evergreen. Orn. foliage. First introduced 1796. half-hardy trees. Position, high, dry, loam. CULTURE OUTDOOR : Soil, deep rich Plant, districts. Sept. to Nov. from " sheltered outdoors away smoky seeds
Propagateby
sown
1 in.
deep in light soil,temp. 65", Peb., March,
April. ,
,
parts loam, SPECIES GREENHOUSE : Compost, two Position, pots or tubs one part leaf-mould, and one part silver sand. Water freely during in sunny house. well drained Repot in March. Avoid ing; overcrowdother seasons. at and moderately summer, spring 55" to 65"; Oct. to to Oct. Temp., March give plenty of room. 45" to 55". Propagate by March Requires plenty of air in summer. shoots inserted in sandy loam in a of cuttings of ends of young means plants by stem-rooting tali, overgrown warm greenhouse in autumn; in spring. A. imbrioata CULTIVATED: SPECIES (CHli Pine), 50 to 100ft., Chili; HARDY imbricata golden-tinted foliage. aurea, OF
CULTURE
to
GREENHOUSE 150 ft.,
(Moreton 100
to
120
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
A.
Bidwillii
(Bunya-Bunya
Tree), 100
Caledonia; Cnnninghamii Cookii, ISO to 200 ft.. New Queensland; excelsa Pine), (Norfolk Island Bay Pine), 70 to 100ft., Queensland; ft., Norfolk Island; and its varieties glauoa (goldieana and robusta);
Uulei, 60 ft., New
Araujia.
Caledonia. "
Nat. Brazil. CULTURE:
Stove Ord. Asclepiadaceae. 1837. First introduced
floweringevergreen
climbers.
" sand. Position, Compost, equal parts peat, loam trellis. wire round trained roof shoots or Pot, Feb. pots or beds; up afterwards. March to March. Water or Sept., moderately freely Prunj shoots moderately annually to Aug. Syringe twice daily March in Jan. occasionally during May, June, " July. Apply liquidmanure 55" to 65". 65" 75" March to to Oct. Propagate Temp., ; Oct to March in sandy soil under inserted 4 of shoots in. long by cuttings young Bflassin temp. 75" to 80" in spring. propagatingSPECIES CULTIVATED grandiflora (Syn. A. grayeolens and Sobubertia : A. grandiflora),white, fragrant, Oct.; sericifera (Syn. Physianthus albens), white, Aug. Arbor-vitse (Thuya occidentalis). See Thuya. Arbutus (Strawberry-tree).Ord. Ericaceas.' Hardy orn. foliage " fruit-bearing trees. berry-like; Fruit, globular, scarlet,strawEvergreen. in after Oct., year ripe flowering. "
"
sheltered. Plant, Soil, sandy peat. Position, sunny, seeds in. 1 in well-drained sown Propagate by deep pans
CULTURS: Sept. to Dec.
in cold in April. inarching of
sandy peat
frame
in March
;
SPECIES
budding
in
July
or
Aug.
;
or
CULTIVATED: A. Andraohne, greenish white, April, 12 to 14 ft.. hybrida, white. Sept.. 8 to 10ft., hybrid; Uenziesii, white, Sept., 10ft, N. America white, Sept., 10 to 20 ft.,S. Europe, including Ireland. ; Unedo, Archansei (Angelica officinalis).See Angelica. Arctic Bramble See Rubus. (Eubus arcticus)." ArctotiS. Ord. Compositaa. Half-hardy herbaceous perennials, adapted for cool greenhouseand outdoor culture. OUTDOOR CULTURE: Soil, loamy, enriched with leaf-mould. but will do in shade. Position, preferablysunny, Plant in April or Protect Best May. by handlights or frames in winter. raised from seed or cuttings annually," grown outside in summer only. INDOOR CULTURE: Compost, equal parts of loam " leaf-mould with a little sand. Position,well-drained pots in sunny part of greenhouse. Water from March to liberally Oct., moderately at other
Levant;
"
"
33
ENCYCLOPMDIA seasons.
Avoid in
a
OF
GARDENING.
in a temp, of 55" to 65" in March. Propagate by seeds sown damp atmospliere. Also by cuttings of side shoots inserted
too
pots of sandy soil in
cold frame in early summer. 18 in., 8. Africa; aoaulis, red and yellow, summer, yellow, July, 2 to 3 ft., S. Africa. aspera, ArdiSia, (Spear-flower).Ord. Myrsinaceae. Stove-flowering" 1809. berry-bearingplants. Evergreen. First introduced CULTURE: Oompost, equal parts loam, peat, leaf-mould, " sand. Pot, Feb. to March. Position, pots, in light,sunuy part of stove. Water little in winter. Prune freelyin summer, straggly shoots back to Sept. 70" to 80"; Sept. to March closelyin March. Temp., March 55" to 65". seeds \ in. deep in above compost in sown by Propagate temp. 75" in spring; cuttings of side shoots in similar soil " temp., March. SPECIES in June, followed CULTIVATED: A. crenata, flowers white, borne by alba, a white-berried pretty red berries, 3 to 4 ft., China ; crenata variety. Orn. Areca Stove palms. Palm). Ord. Palmaceae. (Betel-nut 1690. foliage. First introduced CULTUEE : Compost, equal parts loam, peat, leaf-mould, " sand. Water Position, shady, moist. freelyat all times. Pot, Feb., March. 70" 85" 60" to 65". Propagate March to to Sept. ; Sept. to March Temp., SPECIES
a
CULTIVATED:
A.
"
"
by seeds. ^Betel.nut Palm), 20 to 30 ft., Trop. Asia. Chrysalidocarpus, which see. Arenaria (Sand-wort). Ord. Caryophyllaceae.Hardy herbaceous 1731. perennialsor rockery plants. First introduced Position, partially shaded CULTUEE Soil, ordinary, moist. : 1-16 in. rockeries. Plant, Oct. to March. Propagate by seeds sown under bellMarch in in cold soil boxes in frame, cuttings ; sandy deep SPECIES
CULTIVATED: is now included
lutescens
A.
Catechu
A.
in
tl^e genus "
glass in open, April; division of plants in Oct.
or
March.
Isles; balearioa. white. 2 to 3 in., June, Balearic and Shetland 2 in,, Orkney Isles; gothica {Syn. A. ciliata), white, summer, 6 in., Europe; montana, white, April, 3 in., Spain; white, sunimer, grWndiflora, 6 in., Pyrenees; white, June, 2 in., Britain, Terna, purple, summer, purpurascens, A
CULTIVATED:
SPECIES
etc.
Arethusa. CULTUEE
Compost, sphagnum
Position, damp, shady border.
by covering also be grown SPECIES
of
leaves.
decayed in
Half-hardy
Ord. Orchidaceae.
"
:
pots in cold
CULTIVATED
:
A
moss,
peat
Plant, Oct.
"
terrestrial
to Dec.
May
autumn.
purple, fragrant. May,
rosy
in winter
Protect
Propagate by offsets in frames or greenhouses.
bulbosa,
orchid.
well-decayed manure.
8
in., Carolina.
(Mexican Poppy; Devil's Fig; Prickly Poppy). Ord. Argfemone 1592. " perennials. First introduced Papaveracese. Hardy annuals well drained. Position, sunny borders, CULTUEE Soil, sandy. : Plant in March. Propagate both annuals " perennialsby seeds sown J in. deep in sandy h.oiloutdoors in April or in heat in March, planting "
ovftdoors in Mav. ANNUAL
SPECIES
Perennials
will not
CULTIVATED:
A.
flower
till
followingyear.
albiflora, white, July
and
1ft.,
Aug.,
Sept., 2 ft., California; mexicana, yellow, June, 2 ft., ochroleuca, Mexico; yellow, Aug., 2 ft., Mexico. 2 to CULTIVATED: A. SPECIES grandiflora, white, summer, PERENNIAL 3 ft., Mexico. Best grown half-hardy annual. as a Ord. Aroidese. Stove, greenhouse, " hardy tuberousArissema. in 1759. introduced Flowers, arum-like rooted perennials. First Georgia;
white,
hirsuta,
"
CULTUEE new
OP
HAEDY
SPECIES March.
:
Soil, ordinary.
Position,
Top-dresswith decayed manure manure occasionallyin summer. liquid Apply growth begins.
borders.
Plant,
Oct.
or
3S
sunny
after
c
GARDSNINO.
OF
ENCYCLOPEDIA
SPECIES: Compost, GREENHOUSE stove or m Position, sand. " pots equal parts peat, leaf-mould, wards. afterto dry Water March March. Oct., keep freely greenhouse. Pot, to March " 60" to 65". Oct. to Oct. Temp. 70" to 80" March to Oct. " 55 to 60" March for stove species; 40" to 50" Oct. to March CULTUEE
OF
AND
STOVE
loam
STOVE
SPECIES
A.
CULTIVATED:
layas; galeatum,
white, July,
1
of tubers. white. June, 1 to 2ft., Himar white, April, 4 ft., tortuosum,
division
greenhouse species. Propagate by
for
coaoinnum,
ft., Himalayas;
Himalayas. GREENHOUSE America. HARDY 12
to
18
CULTIVATED:
SPECIES
triphyllum
Himalayas;
SPECIES
or
atrorubens,
A. green
speoiosum, white, March, and purple, Juife, 1 to
1 to
2ft., ft., N.
2
A. Grifithii, brown, violet, and green. May, and April, 2 ft.,Japan. riugens, white green, Iridaceae. Greenhouse floweringshrub. evergreen
CULTIVATED:
in., Himalayas;
Aristea. Ord. First introduced 1803. CULTURE: Compost, two parts good peat, one part sandy loam "Sc little sand. Position, well-drained pots in light, airy greenhouse. wards. Feb. March. Water or Pot, copiously,April to Oct., moderately after50" 60". 4X)" to to March March Oct. 50^; to to Oct. Temp., An abundance moderate other times. amount of air requiredin summer, in sandy loam " peat in temp. 55" to 65" in Propagate by seeds sown "
spring; SPECIES summer,
by
offsets removed
CULTIVATED: 3 ft.,S. Africa.
from A.
parent plant March
corymbosa
or
(Syn. Witsenia
April. purple,
corymbosa),
AristOlochia, Pipe). Ord. Aristolo(Birth-wort; Dutchman's chiaceaa. Stove " hardyclimbing or herbaceous plants. Evergreen " 1727. deciduous. First introduced CULTURE AND OF STOVE GREENHOUSE SPECIES : Compost, two-thirds leaf-mould " sand. loam, one-third ders; Position, pots or bortrained shoots close to roof of stove. Pot in March. Water little in winter. to Sept. 70" to 80", freelyin summer, Temp., March Prune 60" 65". to to March shoots Sept. straggly only. Propagateby in light,rich soil in temp. 75 seeds sown in March similar ; cuttingsin soil " temp., Feb. OF CULTURE HARDY SPECIES: Soil, good ordinary, well drained. Position, sunny borders for herbaceous species; south, west, east walls,or pergolas,trellises, Plant in etc., for climbing kinds. or Increased autumn of in shoots inserted or by cuttings spring; ripe soil in heat in slislit summer. sandy A. STOVE SPECIES CULTIVATED: braziliensis, purple, ,TnIy, 15 to SO ft., Brazil; Duchartrei, yellow and brown, July, 2ft., Brazil; gigas, purple, June, 8 to 10 ft., Guatemala; and goldieana, green yellow, July, 10 ft.. Old Calabar; elegans, green, white, and red, 8 to 10 ft.,Srazil. SPECIES: HARDT HERBACEOUS A. Clematitis, yellow, June to Sept.. 2 to 3 ft., Europe. CLIMBING SPECIES: A. Sipho (Dutchman's HARDT Pipe), yellowish brown. and June, 15 to 30 ft., N. America; May tomentosa, purple, July and Aug.. 10 to "
15
ft., N.
America.
Armaria (Thrift; Sea-pink; Lady's Pincushion Ord. Plumbaginacese. Hardy perennial.
;
Cushion-pink)."
loam. Position, edgings to or massing on rcokeries. or Plant, Oct. or March. Propagate by 1-16 in. deep in sandy soil in seeds sown in cold frame," pans April; division of plants in Oct. or March. A. ooespitosa, rose, SPECIES CULTIVATED: .Tune, 2 in., Spain and Portuiral ; latifolia (Syn. A. Cephalotes). crimson. June, 6 to 12 in., Portugal; maritima (Syn and .Tune, 4 in., Europe (Britain): maritima A. irul^aris), pink, May alba (white): maritima lauoheana (crimson) ; mnuritanioa, rose, July, 18 in. to 2 ft. ' and plantaginea splendens, rose. June, 18 in., Europe. CULTURE: borders sunny
Soil,sandy
"
'
34
ENOYOLOPMDIA
OF "
ArnattO Arnebia. OULTUEE:
GARDENING.
~
."
(Bixia orellano). See Bixia. Ord. Boragiuaceae. Hardy
."
~
"
annuals
" perennials rockery, well drained. Sow seeds of annual speciesin light soil in gentle heat in March, " plant out seedlingsin May. Plant perennialspeciesin Oct. or March " increase by cuttings or seeds. "
Soil, ordinary. Position, sunny
ANNUAL SPECIES: A. oornuta, yellow, spotted with pnrple, BOmmer, 18 in. to 2 ft., Tnrkestan; Grifatliii,yellow, Jnly, 9 in., N.W. India. PBBENNIAL SPECIES: A. maorothyrsa, 1 ft., N. Kurdistan. yellow, summer, A. eohioides included (Prophet Flower) now in genus Macrotomia, whioh see.
Arpopnyllum.
Ord.
"
Orchidacese. Warm introduced 1838.
orchids.
greenhouse terrestrial
Evergreen. First CULTURE : Compost, good fibry peat
" charcoal. Pot, Feb. or March. Position, well-drained pots in sunny part of house. Temp., Oct. to Feb. 45" to 55" ; other times 55" to 65"'. Water moderately in Flowers winter, freelyin summer. at Eesting period,winter. appear base of new after division of resting. Propagate by pseudo-bulb plants when repotting. 1 ft.,New SPECIES CULTIVATED: A. oardinale, rose, summer, Grenada; pgantenm, purplish roso, April, 2 ft., Mexico ; spicatum, purple, April, 1 ft., Uezico and
Guatemala.
Arrow
Arum
(Peltandra virginica). See Peltandra. See Sagittaria. (Sagittariasagittifolia). Plant (Marauta arundinacea). See Maranta. Old Woman; Lad's Love; Wormwood; (Old Man; Ord. Tarragon; Southernwood). Compositse. Hardy shrubs, herba^ ceous green perennialsand annuals, with hoary and fragrant foliage. Ever"
Arrow-head Arrow-root Artemisia
"
"
"
" "
CULTURE
deciduous. OP
SHRUBBY
AND HERBACEOUS SPECIES: Soil, borders rookeries. Oct. March. or or ordinary. Position, sunny Plant, Increased for shrubby by cuttingsinserted in open ground in summer for herbaceous kinds; division in Oct. or March species;seeds sown outdoors in April for annual " other species. CULTURE OF TARRAGON: tion, Soil,light,dryish, ordinary. Posiborder. Plant roots 2 to 3 in. deep, 8 in. apart in rows sunny 18 in. asunder, March or April. Replant annually. Cut foliage off in Sept.," dry it for use in winter. Place a few roots in ordinarysoil " this in box in or warm greenhouse in Oct. to supply large pot, put shoots winter. Propagate by cuttingsof shoots inserted during young in ordinary soil in temp. 55" in March or April, or under hand-light in July ; division of the roots in March outdoors or April. SHEUBBT
SPECIES
:
A.
HAUDT
PERENNIAL
(Southernwood,
Abrotannm
yellow, Aug., leaves fragrant, silky white, 2 ft., S. Europe.
2 to
SPECIES
4
ft., Europe
CULTIVATED
;
:
Lad's Love, or Old Man), oserulesoens, blue, Aug., leaves
A.
alpina, yellow, summer,
6 in.,
Caucasus; yellow, Aug., 2 to 3 ft., argentea, yellow, July, IS in.; Madeira; cana, N. dranunouloides America; lanata, silvery leaved, prettj.,6 in., Europe; gon), (TarraAhsinthum 2ft., N. America; pontica, grey foliage,2ft,, Austria; (Worm* wood), yellow, Aug., 18 in., Europe. ANNUAL
SPECIES:
ArthropOdium.
A.
annua, "
Ord.
5 to 6ft., E. Europe. yellow, summer, Liliacese. Greenhouse herbaceous
nials. peren-
First introduced 1800. CULTURE: part peat, " a Compost, two parts sandy loam, one well-drained silver sand. liberal quantity of Position, pots in sunny Water March or April. freelyspring " part of greenhouse. Pot, 40" to to winter. Oct. March " Temp., summer, moderately autumn seeds in mixture 65"to Oct. 55" to a sown 45" ; March Propagate by 35
c2
GARDENINO.
OF
ENCYCLOPEDIA
equal parts sandy loam, peat, leaf-mould 65"' in spring; also by off-sets or suckers
of to
tjULU'IFATED
SPECIES
white. May,
oaledonioum,
removed
white, oirrhatum, A. : Caledonia; 18 in., Kew
in
a
temp, of 55"
spring.
in
Zea^nd, dii., May, neo-
ft., New paniottlatum,white, 3
May,
Wales.
South
New
sand,
"
See Plant
Artichoke.
"
Artillery Artocarpus
(Bread-fruitor Jack-tree)." Orn.
trees.
evergreen crimson
or
Cynara, Helianthus, " Stachys. (Pileamuscosa)." See Pilea. foliage.
First
htove
Urticaceae.
Ord.
large,
Leaves,
1793.
introduced
green.
" sand. leaf-mould into Prune shape, Feb. Pot, Feb., March. to winter. Temp., March Water moderately in freely in summer, stem60". 55= to Propagate by Sept. 65" to 75"; Sept. to March rooting firm shoots in Feb., March ; suckers at any time. mtegriA. SPECSeS CULTIVATED: inoisa (Bread Fruit Tree), 50ft., Malaya; aud Malaya. folia (Jack Tree), 50 ft., India Italian " Arum).-" Ord. Ladies; Arum (Cuckoo-pint; Lords tuberous-rooted perennials. Grown Aroidea;. Hardy or half-hardy and flowers tor their curiously formed showy red, poisonous more
CULTURE
parts loam, one Position, shady " moist.
Compost,
:
two
part
their beauty. Soil, ordinary. Position,parSPECIES: HARDY tially or spots. Plant, autumn shady shrubbery borders or grassy offsets in autumn. spring. Increased by two SPECIES OF HALF-HARDY : Compost, CULTURE parts loam, sand. well-drained " one Position, one part part decayed manure, of south or at base border wall, or pots in a cool greenhouse. Plant Water freely whilst growing in pots; keep dry when pot in autumn. foliagedies. Protect those outdoors with a covering of leaves in winter. CULTIVATED: white, HAIIDT SPECIES A. italioum (Italian Arum), creamy italicum leaves marbled with yellow; marmoralum, spring, 12 to 18 in,, S, Europe; maculatum (Cuckoo-pint), yellowish green, spotted purple, 6 in,, Britain. CULTIVATED; A, HALF-HARDT SPECIES palarstinum (Syn. A. sanctnm), and 2 ft,, Syria, For other as yellow species formerly known purple. May, berries than CULTURE
Arums
for
OF
shrubby
Dracunculus.
Helicodiceros,
Arisaema,
see
and
lliehardia.
Richardia. (Bamboo). Ord. Graminese. furnished stems with slender with
(Richardiaafricana),
Arum Lily Arundinaria
See
"
"
plants
Hardy Japanese graceful grassy
foliage. CliLTURE; isolated groups
Soil,loam, or
masses
leaf-mould lawns on
" or
sand. Position, sheltered,in shrubberies; not hardy N. of
Plant, April. Propagate by division
England,
of roots
in April,
CULTIVATED: A, 6 to 8 ft,, .Tapan ; aristata, 6 to 10 SPECIES anoeps, ft., Himalayas: auricoma (Syn, A, Fortunei chrvsantha aurea), 3 to 4 ft., .Tanan: faloata ohrysantha), 3 to 4ft,, Japan; (Syn, Bambusa (Syn. Bambusa falcatat, 7 to 10 ft., Himalayas ; Falooueri, 7 to 8 ft,,Himalayas 2 to 4 ft,, Japan ; ; Fortunei, Fortunei variegata, leaves striped with white ; 12 to 18 in. ; Fortunei leaves aurea, striped yellow; Hindsii (Syn. Bambusa ereota), 6 to 13ft,, Japan; japonioa (Syn. Bambusa Metake), 10 to 15 ft., Japan; Laydeokeri (Syn. Bambusa Laydeokeri), 3
ft,, Japan;
nitida, 6 to 12 ft,, China; nobilis, 12 to 24 ft,,China; palmata (Syn. 6 to 10 ft,, Japan; pumila (Syn, Bambusa pumila), 12 to 18 in (Syn, Bambusa Japan; pygmsea pygmaja), 3 to 4 in,,Japan; Simoni (Syn. Bambusa Simoni), 20 to 25ft., China; Toitchii, 2 to 3ft., Japan,
Bambusa
ArundO
palmata),
(Heed-grass), "
Flowering
"
Ord.
Graminese.
foliage. grasses. CULTURE: Soil, well-drained sandy loam. in isolated groups lawns on : margins of
Plant, April. Protect Propagate by division
Hardy
perennial
orn.
crowns
of roots
Position, moist water
with covering of tree in spring. 36
for
"
tered shel-
A. Phragmites. leaves in winter!
GARDENING.
OF
ENOYCLOPJEDIA
stems Top-dress Cut down early in Nov. with in Nov.. previouslylightlyforking up surface, decayed manure surface, " cover with sprinklingof soil. In March, lightlyfork over Solid " neat. smooth leave " rake off rough particlesinto alley,
Keep
beds
free
light soils;
top-dressingin once
month,
a
appliedat Liquid
mixed
seaweed Nov.
May
Sept.;
to
with
above
salt,
common
;
heavy soils;
for
manure
1
Peruvian
oz.
or
cow
"
manures
to
guano
square
a
1
oz.
to
pig manures applied as a yard, applied
a
yard,
square
salt, 1^ lb. supera month, April to Sept. ; 3 lb. common phosphate, mixed of 1 nitrate lb. kainit, together, and li lb. soda,
applied once
rate
manures
of ammonia 2 oz. to each J oz. to each from
horse
Decayed
manures:
for
weeds.
of
manure
of 2
oz.
per
square
2 and " superphosphate, 1
yard
in
April
oz.
in
July.
oz. sulphate potash, to each salt, gallon of water, applied in June; common gallonof water, appliedin May and July; nitrate of soda, gallonof water applied in May, July, " Aug. ; drainings heap appliedfrequentlyin April to Sept.
2
:
2 oz.
oz.
shoots not less than three years old Cover with of mould. inches crowns a deep loxes coiitaiuiug Place in temp, of 65" to 75" any time of mould. boxes four inches " between Nov. March. Cover When shoots closely " keep moist. of to moisten with salt each water 2 show, containing oz. gallon. tepid PoEciNQ
IN
Boxes
Place
:
in
strong few
in usual way. FoBCiNO Fbames of manure Cover IN : Prepare hotbed with 3 in. of lightsoil. Place roots on this and to depth of 5 in. cover Keep soil moist " frame closed until shoots appear, when admit a little air. Temp., 60" to 75"- Boots of no use after forcing. Peopagation
Edible Asparagus. Propagate by seeds in four of three holes in. 1 or deep " 15 in. apart groups in rows advised formed for planting; or in drills 1 in. deep " 12 in. as or apart in ordinary soil both in March April. Thin seedlingsraised in the method to first each one by group in May; those by the second to a foot apart when method 3 in. high. Transplant latter into permanent beds when three years two old. or Seedlings ready to cut fourth year after sowing. Seeds take 20 days to germinate. A quarterpint of seed will sow a row 50 ft. long. Five pounds of seed required op
"
in
sown
"
to
sow
an
Maeket
acre,
or
Culture
yield14,000 plants. Edible
Asparagus : Soil, rich loam or sandy trenched. Manures: 40 tons of farmyard and 3 cwt. of kainit per acre manure applied in autumn. Apply annually in April 2 cwt. of nitrate of soda or 1 cwt. Peruvian guano to established beds; or 40 bushels of soot per acre per acre appliedin of soda March. Nitrate seeds in drills 2 in. preferable to salt. Sow deep and 12 in. apart in March. or Following March April dig out 10 in. deep and trenches 4 ft. apart, plantseedling crowns 2 ft. apart in these, and with 2 in. of soil. Leave cover remainder of trench unfilled. Horse-hoe land between will frequently; the trenches off foliagein autumn. In autumn gradually fill up. Mow of second Third acre. apply 20 tons of manure to year commence per year off just beneath Break, not cut, them gather the shoots. surface. Gather when 6 to 7 in. long. Grade into -sizes, " marl-et in bundles and 7 in. long. Average yield per acre, 3 to 10 cwt., 4 in. in diameter 200 to 600 bundles of 100 shoots. or Quantity of seed to sow an acre, 6 lb. ; plants or crowns, 14,000. Prices for forced, 2s. 6d. to 10s. door. out-
loam,
or
deeply ploughed
or
;
Is. to 2s. 6d, per
bundle, 33
ENCYCLOPEDIA
OF
GARDENING.
GREENHOTJSE SPECIES: A. tethiopious, 10 ft., S. Africa; medeolioideB (Syn. Myrsiphyllam Medoola or 6 to 10 ft., called Smilax," asparagoides), commonly S. Africa; plumosua, 4 to 10 ft., S. Africa, and its varieties,nanus and tennissimns; soandens, S. Africa; Sprengeri, 1 to 3 ft.. Natal; verticillatus, 10 ft., S. Africa. HAEDT SPECIES: A. Bronssonettii, 10 ft., red berried, Canary Islands; of"oinalis (Edible Asparagus), Europe. Aspen (Populus tremula). See Populus. "
"
Asperula herbaceous
(Woodruff; Squinanoy-wort). Ord. KubiaceaB. Hardy perennials " annuals. Foliage fragrant when dry. "
OTJLTUllE: rockeries or
the shade of trees or Soil, light,rich. Position under in open borders. Plant, Oct., Nov. Propagate perennial speciesby division of roots in March ; perennials" annuals by seeds in April sown J in. deep in open border PERENNIAL A. SPECIES CULTIVATED: arcadiensis, pink, April, 3 in., Greece; cyananohica (Squinancy-wort), white, June, 9 in., Europe (Britain); odorata (Sweet Woodruff), May, 6 in., Europe (Britain). .
ANNUAL SPECIES 10 in., Syria.
A.
CULTIVATED:
blue, summer,
azurea,
fragrant,
6
to
Asphodel (Asphodelus lutens). See Asphodelus. Ord. Liliaceas. baceous Asphodeline (Yellow Asphodel Hardy her1596. perennials. First introduced CTJLTtlBE Position, open or shady borders. : Soil, ordinary, rich. Plant, Oct. or March. Propagate by division of i-oots,Oct. or March. "
"
.
CULTITATED:
A. imperialis, pink, July and Aug., G to 8 in., Cilicia; Aug., 3 to 4 ft., Mediterranean Region; lutea flore-pleno, flowers double; taurica (Syn Asphodelus taurica), wlkite July, 1 to 2 ft.. Orient. Asphodelus (Asphodel; King's Spear; Silver Rod)." Ord. Liliacese. herbaceous 1596. Hardy perennials. First introduced CULTUEE Plant : Soil, ordinary. Position, shady or open borders. in autumn or spring. Propagate by division of roots Oct. or April;
SPECIES
lutea, yellow, July
and
seeds
cold
in
sown
SPECIES
a
frame
in
March.
18 in., N. Africa; albus, ft., S. Europe. Greenhouse or Aspidistra. (Parlour Palm). Ord. Liliaceae. Orn. foliage. First introduced dwelling-room plants. Evergreen. 1822. Leaves, large,green, or variegatedwith white. CULTUEE: " sand. Compost, two parts loam, one part leaf-mould Water Eepot in March. freely in summer, moderately in winter. Eoom by immersing pot for quarter of an hour in plants best watered 50" to to Sept. 55" to 60"; Sept. to March tepid water. Temp., March 55". Propagate by division of roots in March. CULTIVATED: A. SPECIES elatior elatior, 1 to 2 ft., Japan, leaves green; 1 to 2 ft., China; lurida varieTariegata, leaves variegated; lurida, leaves green, gata, leaves striped yellow. Last two those generally grown. Aspidium Fern). Ord. Filices. Stove, (Buckler,Shield or Wood
white. May,
CULTIVATED: 2
ft., Europe;
A.
acanlis, pink. May,
ramosus,
white.
May,
4
12
to
to
5
"
"
ferns. Ht., 1 to 3 ft. AND GEEENHOUSE SPECIES: CULTUEE OF STOVE Compost, two Pot, March. parts peat, one part loam, silver sand, " charcoal. from Shade Water sun. moderately in winter. freely in summer, 70" 60" 70" March to March to to stove for Sept. Sept. ; Temp, species, 50" to 55", March to Sept. 55" to 80"; greenhouse, Sept. to March in sandy peat at any time ; division to 65". Propagate by spores sown
greenhouse,
"
hardy
in March. SPECIES: CULTUEE OF HAEDT Compost, equal parts loam, peat, silver sand. " coarse leaf-mould Position, shady or partiallyshady freely in dry weather. Propagite spots. Plant in April. Water io cold frame. in April,also by spores sown bv division of crowns 39
enoyolopjEdia STOVE
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
Ceylon ; auriculatum, India Indies. Tiviparum, West
;
oardening.
of A.
amabile, Jamaica
muoronatum,
India ;
anomalnm, and Japan; Indies trif oliatnra, West
;
CULTIVATED Hope, Tropical Cape of Good : A. oapense, falcatum), Japan, Cliina, etc. ; falcatum (Syn. Cyrtomium ; f rondosnm, caryotideum, ]?ortunei, Japan ; f alcinellum, Madeira Japan ; falcatum lipidicaulon, Japan; Staudishii), Japan; l^adeira; laserpitiifolium (Syn. Lastrea Zealand, pu'ngens. Cape Colony; triangularum ilicifolium,N. India; vestitum. New l"Uili, etc. GUEBNHOUSE
America,
-HARDT
SPECIES
etc. ;
falcatum
SPECIES
A.
CULTIVATED:
tichoides),N. America,
and
its varieties
acrostiohoides
grandiceps
and
(Syn. Polysticlium iucisum;
aculeatnm
acros-
(Syn.
Polysticlium aculeatum), the Prickly Shield Fern, Britain, etc., and its ^rieties, prbliferum setosum, etc. ; Lonchitis angulare (Soft Shield Fern), lobatum, (Syn. ^tjlystichum Lonchitis), the Holly Fern, Britain, etc. ; munitum (Syn. Polystichum of varieties. See hardy fern opccialists'lists for names munitum), N. America. Bird's-nest Fern; Asplenium Fern; Wall(Spleenwort; Lady rue Fern; Scale Fern, etc.) Ord. Filices. Stove greenhouse " hardy ferns. Ht. 6 in. to 4 ft. CULTTJEE OF AND GREENHOUSE SPECIES STOVE : Compost, " sand. Water Pot, March. equal parts peat, loam, leaf-mould freely in summer, Stove to March moderately in winter. S ept. species, Temp., 60" to 70", March to Sept. 70" to 80"; greenhouse, Sept.to March 50" to 55"; March to Sept. 55" to 65"in sown by Propagate sandy spores peat at any time. CULTURE OF HARDY SPECIES." Compost, equal parts peat, loam, rubbish. leaf-mould, sand " old mortar Position, old walls for Scale, Wallrue " Maidenhair Spleenworts; moist, shady borders for Ljidy Fern for other kinds. Plant in April. Increased ; rockeries by spores when ripe " division in April. "
STOVE
SPECIES A. CULTIVATED: N.S. attenuatum, Wales, etc.; Baptistii, Islands; Belangeri, Java, Borneo, etc.; caudatum, India, Brazil, etc.; Trop. America Java, etc. ; lunulatum. Tropics ; Nidus ; longissimum, {Bird's-nest Fern), Tropics; and its Tarieties, australasioum and mussefolium; New obtusilobum. rutiefolium Hebrides; S. prolongatum, India; Tiviparum, S. Sea f ormosum,
Mauritius. GREENHOUSE
SPECIES
CULTIVATED and Fabianum
Zealand bulbiterum. New tralia, and AusColensoi, New Zealand; dimorphum, Norfolk Island ; ebenum, Cape Colony ; flaccidum, Australia, etc. ; Goringianum piotum (Syn. Athyrium Goringianum tricolor), Japan, hardy in warm districts; Hemionitis (Syn. A. palmatum), Madeira; obtusatum incisum, Japan; Inoidum (Syn. A. luoidum). New Zealand; monanthemum. Temperate Zone, prtemorsum West Indies, etc.; Sandersonii, Natal. HARDY SPECIES A. Adiantum CULTIVATED: nigrum (Black Maiden-hair Spleenwort "French Fern" of the markets), Northern or and Southern Temperate Zones, including Britain; Ceteraoh (Syn. Ceteroch the Scale Fern, a British oilicinarium), ahd Filix-foemina species; European (Syn. Athyrium Filix-fcemina), -the and Lady Pern, its Britain, numerous varieties Frizelli:p as mstatnm, plumosum, Victoriie, etc.; fontanum (Rock Spleenwort), Britain marinum Europe; (Sea Spleenwort), Europe, Britain: man (Gergermanicum Spleenwort), Europe, Britain; lanoeolatum, Europe, Britain; Ruta-muraria (Wall-ruo Fern), Britain; septrionalo (Forked Spleenwort), Britain; Trichomanes (Maidenhair Spleenwort), Europe, Britain; thelypteroides (Syn. Athyrium thelypterioides, N. America; virido (Green Spleenwort), Europe, Britain. varietal Many forms of the foregoing species will be found in lists in works British on ferns Aster (Starwort; Michaelmas Daisy; Perennial Aster)."Ord. and
its varieties
:
A.
laxum;
Compositae. Hardy herbaceous
perennials,floweringfreelyin autumn and yielding an abundance of flowers for cutting. CULTURE: Soil, gfoodordinary. Position, borders or wild sunny gardens for tall species; rockeries for dwarf Plant in Oct ones. or spring. Lift, divide, " replant every third year. Propagate by seeds heat or in a cold frame sown in in spring; cuttingsof shoots in young heat or cold frame in spring or summer of roots 'inautumn ; division See Callistephus or for China Aster. spring. 40
MNGYCLOFMBIA
OF
GARDENING.
SPECIES CULTIVATED: A. aoris, lilao-purple,Aug., 3 ft., S. Europe; alpinuff, pnrpie, July. 6 in., Europe; Amellue (Italian Starwort), purple, Aug., 2 ft.. Europe, and its variety bossarabious ; BolUdiastrum, white, July, 1 ft., Europe; cordifolius, mauve, July, 2 ft., N. America; and its dllflsbus, white, Oct., 2 ft., jN. America, variety horizontalis ; dumosas, mauve, Oct., 18 in., N. America; erfboides, white, Oct., 2 to 3 ft., N. America; grandiflorus, violet, Nov. 2 to 3 ft., 'Vfrginia; Isevis, blue, .Sept., 2 ft., N. America; Linosyris (Syn. Glirysocoma Linosyrra), the Cioldilocks, yellow, Aug., 1 ft., Europe; Kovse-AngliK, purple, Sept., 5 to 6 ft., N. and its numerous America, varieties; ^ovi-Belgii, blue, Sept., 4 ft,. North America, and its numerous forms; ptarmicoides, white, Aug., 18 in., W. America; puniceus, blue, Sept.. 6 ft., N. America; TradesStates; Shortii, blush, 3 ft., Sept., United cantea, white, Oct., 4 ft. (True Michaelmas turbinellus, Daisy), N. America; Aug., 3 ft., N. America; mauve, versicolor, pink and white, Sept., 3 ft., N. America; Scores of varieties of many vimineus, white, Sept., 3 ft., N. America. of the foregoing species will be found in trade lists.
Astiibe
ceous (False Goat's-beard). Ord. Saxifragaceae. Hardy herbaand for for Used also flowering shrubby perennials. forcing early in greenhouses. CULTURE ders, OUTDOORS; Soil, loamy. Position, moist, shady bor"
of lakes or ponds. Plant in Oct. or spring. Require in dry weather INDOOR CULTURE: Compost, two parts loam, one part of wellrotted manure Pot roots in Sept. or leaf-mould, " one of silver sand. with cocoanut-fibre refuse Place " Oct. or cover pots in cold frame till Dec, 'when fer transintroduce to a temp, of 45" for a week or so, then to temp, of 55" to CiO^. Water freelywhen growth begins. Apply when flower After weak flowering harden liquid manure spikesshow. till May, then plant out in garden. Lift, divide, " off in cold frame roots will Retarded replant followingApril," lift " repot in autumn. in six weeks Increased flower from by division. potting in cold house. CULTIVATED: astilboides A. SPECIES (Syn. Spirsea astilboides),white. May, and its variety floribuuda; and 3 ft., Japan; cliiuensis, white, July, 2 ft., China Japan; japonica (Syn. Spirrea japonica), white, May, 2 ft., Japan, and its varieties, and reticulata fcliis-purpureis (purple leaves stems) ; (variegated leaves) and 1 to 2 ft., Japan a Thunbergii, white. May, rivularis, white, July, Himalayas; shrubby species. A. astilboides and A. japonica and varieties are the kinds used for forcing. or
margins
plenty of water
.
CULTURE
rockery seeds kinds
"
herbs. Evergreen 1570. Introduced
Levant.
America,
"
Leguminosae. deciduous.
Hardy
nial peren-
Siberia, Persia, N.
for border Position, open tall, " Soil, ordinary. March. dwarf Propagate by species. Plant, Oct., Nov., shrubby Jin. deep in light Soil in cold frame in March; :
for
sown
by cuttings
autumn
Ord.
(Milk Vetch).
Astragalus or shrubby
in
a
cold
frame
in
summer;
division
of
roots
in
spring.
or
A. adsurgens, purple, June, 1 ft., Siberia; alopecuCULTITTATED : (Syn. A. hypoglottis),blue, .Tune, roides, yellow, June, 3 to 5 ft., Siberia; danicus danicus albus, white; maximus, yellow, .Tune, 2 to 3 ft., 3 to 4 ft., Europe; lilac and white, June, trailing, S. Europe; Armenia: monspessulanus, rosy onobrychioidee, purple, July, 9 to 12 in., Persia j Tragacantha, violet, June. 2 to vimineus, 3 ft., an purple, rose, and white, shrubby species, Levant; everffreen June, 6 to 13 in., Siberia; vulpinus, pale yellow, June, 2 to 3 ft., Caucasus. SPECIES
(Master Wort).
Astrantia
perennials. First CULTURE woodland
sandy
loam
SPECIES
introduced
"
Ord.
Umbelliferae.
Hardy
herbaceous
1596.
or margins Soil, ordinary. Position, shady borders March. walks. Plant, Oct. or Propagate by seeds sown :
in cold
frame
CULTIVATED:
1 ft., E. niolica, white, May, major, 2 ft., Europe.
of in
April ; division of roots in Oct. or March. Biebersteinii, white. May, 2 ft., Caucasus; carhelleboritolia,pink, July, 2 ft., Caucasus; Europe; in
A.
41
BNOtCLOPMDIA
Athyrium.
"
See
OABDMNINO.
OF
Aspidium.
A. Hardy annuals. Chenopodiaceje. stitute subhortensis (Oracne, or Mountain Spinach) occasionally grown as a for Spinach. A. hortensis rubra (Eed Orache) used for border
Atriplex
Ord. ^Orache). "
decoration. ORACHE Sow seeds at intervals of a OF CULTURE : Soil, ordinary. few March onwards weeks from in drills an inch deep " 2 ft. apart. When to 18 in. apart. Gather seedlings are 3 in. high, thin them
youngest
and
most
succulent
for
leaves
cooking
as
required.
CULTURE
EED OF ORACHE: Position, sunny Soil, ordinary. in wild garden. Sow where borders seeds broadcast required to grow in March seeds. or April. Usually reproduces itself freely from CULTIVATED: 3 to 5 ft., Tartary; SPECIES A. hortensis, green, summer, liortensis rubra, foliage red. Auberg^ine (Solauum melongana). See Solanum. Aubrietia ing (Purple Rock-cress). Ord. Cruciferae. Hardy trail1710. perennial. Evergreen. First introduced CULTURE : Soil, ordinary. Position, sunny rockery or border. Oct. in dibbled in shady border or Plant, spring.Propagate by slips in shady border June, transplanting them in Nov. ; seeds sown in April. This plant may be grown old walls if seeds are in mossy on sown chinks in March; useful for edgings to borders " for spring bedding. in closely after flowering. Stragglyplants best trimmed SPBCIBS CULTIVATED; A. deltoidea, purple, spring, 3 to 3 ins., 8. Europe. The" following are varieties of the foregoing species : Bougainvillea, Tiolet-purpfe ; Campbellii, violet; grseca, purple; Eyroi, violet-purple; grandiflora, purple; Leitchlinii,red ; Leitchlinii rosea, rose ; purpurea, purple ; and violaoea, violet- purple. Aucuba Cornaceae. fSpotted Laurel; Variegated Laurel)."Ord. Orn. foliage. First introduced Hardy everfrreeu shrub. 1783. CULTURE: Soil, ordinary. Position, open or in shade; grand town shrub. Plant, Oct., Nov., April. Propagate by seeds sown J in. deep in cold frame in Oct. ; cuttings inserted in sandy soil in sheltered cold border frame in Sept., Oct., Nov. or Female aucubus bear red berries freely iu winter if a male plant be planted close to them, or if a, branch of male blossom be placed on female plant when in bloom. Aucubas useful forpot culture in cool greenhouses or windows in winter SPECIES CULTIVATED: A. japonioa, 6 to 10 ft., Japan; and its varieties, albovariegata, aurea, fruoto-alba, limbata, maculata, vera viridis etc nana, Auricula (Primula auricula). See Primula. Australian Bee-flower See Ken(Kenuedya "
"
"
coccinea). "
nedya. Australian
Blue-bell
Creeper
See (Sollyaheterophylla)."
SoUya. Australian Australian Australian
Currant
(Leucopogon Reichi)." See Leucopogou. See Helipterum. Feather-palm See (Ptychosperma elegans).
Everlasting:."
"
Ptychosperma. Australian
Flea-bane
(Erigeron
mucronatus).
See
"
Erigpron. Australian Australian authes. Australian Australian ~
Australian Australian
Fuclisia Giant Heath."
"
See Correa.
Lily See
(Doryauthes excelsa)."See
Dorv-
Epacris.
Honeysuckle" See Banksia. Hop (Daviesia alta)."See Daviesia. Ivy (Muhlenbeckia adpressa)." See MuhlenbecHa. 42
""
MNOTCLOPMDIA Australian
OF
Lllac.-See
GARDENING.
Hardentergia.
3errulata).-See Boronia. Aultralit"miJXf^"**?"(2""^""'^ (Cephalotus follicularia
CephaTotu?P'tcher-plant
Sofia
"*'"^""*"
Austrian
^''""
''"''"
(^io^sonia antarGtica).-SeeDick-
Briar
(Eosa lutea)."See Rosa. Leopard's Bane (Doronicum au8triacum).-See
Dor"foum.^" Austrian Autumn
Catch-fly
Autumn
Crocus
Pine
(Piuus Laricio nigra)."See Pinus.
(Silene Schaft4).-See Silene.
(Colchicum autumnale)." See Colcliicum. Squill (Scillaautumnalis).-See Scilla. AJiiJ!II2IJ"l**'^"'''"S: Autumn Sneeze-wort (Helenium autumnalis)."See HeleAvena grass.
(Animated Oat)." Ord. Gramineae. Hardy susceptibleto change of weather and
flowering
orn.
Awns
animated. CULTUEE
:
^^iSSH^'^^^
Sow
seeds
outdoors
in
^"'a developedand dry
OULTlfATED:.
more
April in ordinarysoil
Avens. Avocado
less
in borders
for winter decoration. ft., Barbary.
A. aterilis,2 See the genus Geum. Pear See Persea. (Persea gratissima)." Rose Ayrshire (Rosa arvenis)."See Eosa.. Azalea. See Rhododendron " Loiseluria. Azara. Ord. Bixineaj. shrub. Orn. Hardy evergreen First introduced 1873. Flowers unattractive but very Foliage,dark green, finelydivided, drooping, graceful. CULTURE: Soil, ordinary. Position, against south SPECIES
or
"
"
"
foliage.
fragrant.
wall;
warm
by
shrubberies in mild districts. Plant, Oct. or April. cuttingsinserted in sandy soil in temp. 65" in March.
or
in
Propagate
SPBOIES CULTIVATED: A. dentata, yellow, Jane, 10 to 12 ft.. ChiliGilliesii,yellow. May, 12 to 15 ft..Chili; microphylla, greenish-white.May, 10 to 12 ft., berries orange-red, Chili. Ord. Azolla. Ehizocarpese. Hardy floatingaquatic perennials with delicate fern-like foliage. CULTURE: Grow in shallow ponds or in indoor aquaria. Eequires soil, merely to float on slirface of water. no Increased by division SPECIES CULTIVATED : A. oaroliniana, Carolina. Azorean Forg^et-me-not See Myosotis. (Myosotisassorica).Azorean Thyme See Thymus. (Thymus azoricus)." Babiana Iridaceae. (Baboon-root). Ord. Half-hardy bulbous 1752. Flowers plants. Nat. Cape of Good Hope. First introduced "
"
fragrant. CULTURE: OUTDOOR Soil, light sandy. Position, sunny, welldrained border. Plant, Sept. to Jan., placing bulbs 4 in. deep and 2 in. apart. Lift and replant bulbs annually. INDOOR CULTURE: Compost, two parts sandy soil " one part leaf-mould Pots, 4^ in. in diameter, well manure. or decayed cow drained. Place five bulbs 3 in. deep in each pot in Nov., " cover pots until growth with cocoanut-fibre refuse begins. Water moderately until flowers fade, then gradually withtime bulbs begin to grow from hold bulbs from dry Sept. to Jan. it, keeping Temp., Sept. to Feb. 40" to 50"; other times 50" to 60" Propagate by offsets,treated as for g,dvised
bulbs. 43
ENOYCL0P.EDIA
GARDENING.
OF
B. CULTIVATED: disticha, bliio, June, 6 in.; plioata, blue, June, and blue, May, 6 to 8 in. in.; ringens, scarlet, June, 6 to S in.; stricta, white lists. There also a number of pretty Tarioties mentioned in trade are SPECIES
6
Babylonian
Centaury
babylonica).
(Centaurea
"
Cen-
See
taurea.
Bachelor's Button. See Sileue " Banuuculus. Bactrjs Palm; Tobago Cane;. Ord. Palmaoese, (Marajah Ht. 20 to 50 ft. 1825. palms. Orn. foliage. First introduced "
Stove
"
" sand. OULTUEE Pot, : Compost, equal parts loam, leaf-mould Water Feb., March. moderately Sept. to March, freely afterwards. 60" to Position, shady " moist in summer. Temp., Sept. to March to Sept. 70" to 80". 70"; March removing plants by Propagate young in March, " placing these in small pots ; also by from base of old one
seeds, SPECIES Guiana.
CULTIYATED:
Bseria. CULTURE seeds sown SPECIES
B.
1835. Ord. Compositae. Hardy annual. First introduced Soil, ordinary. Position, sunny border. Propagate by ^ in. deep in April where plants are to flower. OULTITATED : B. ohrysostoma, yellow. May, 8 to 12 in., California. (Woolly Bahia). Ord. Compositae. Hardy perennialherb. :
"
:
Soil,
ordinary. Position,
April. Propagate by old
Brazil; pallidispina,
"
Bahia Leaves grey. CULTUKE of
oaryotasfolia,Brazil; Maraja,
plants
SPECIES America.
seeds
border. sunny in outdoors deep
Plant,
April or
Oct.
to
division
in March.
CULTIVATED:
B.
Cypress Baldmoney Balearic
lanata, yellow. May
(Taxodium distichum).
Bald
"
(Meum
Box
Balm Balm Balsam. Balsam Balsam Balsam
I in.
sown
12
to
in., N.
18
Taxodium.
"
Tree
"
"
See
See Meum. athamanticum). See (Buxus balearica)."
(Melissa officinalis). of
Aug.,
to
Buxus.
Melissa.
See
See Cedronclla. triphylla)."
Gilead (Cedronella See Impatiens.
balsamineaV See Momordica. (Momordica Apple (Abies bal.samea). Sfee Abies. Poplar (Populus balsamifera). See Populus. Balsam-scented Geranium (Pelargonium radula). "
Fir
"
"
See
"
Pelargonium. Bamboo." See Bambusa, Arundinaria " Phyllostachys. Bambusa Ord. Gramiueae. (Bamboo). Hardy evergreen plants with slender, graceful stems and duced elegant grassy foliage. First intro1730. Grown in groups in the garden, also in pots or tubs for greenhouse decoration. CULTURE; OUTDOOR Soil, deep, rich loam. Position, warm, sheltered nook dell in garden. Plant or Protect in May or June. winter with covering of leaves at base. Mulch with in cow manure freely in dry weather. spring. Water CULTURE: INDOOR Compost, equal parts loam, leaf-mould " "
Position, large pots
sand.
40"|to 45"). Water Increased by seeds rhizomes in heat in 6
nana,
Arundinaria
Banana
Baneberry
and
to
in
sown
ft. ;
B.
sandy soil
arundinaoea, 3
marmoroa,
for
greenhouse (winter temp.
summer,
spring; division
Phyllostachys
(Musa
in cool
freely :
8
tubs
spring "
SP|;CIESCULTIVATED or
or
to
in heat
in 10
April to
50
moderately other times. in spring; cuttings of May
or
ft.
i
;
aurea
ft. ; tessellata, 3 species of Bamboos.
other
sapientum).
See Musa. (Actseaspioata). See Actsea. "
"
44
6
to
'to4
10 ft tich^ disft. See'also "
in
offsets
in the
removed
SPECIES as
Soilla
occasionally in
Water
summer.
"
autumn,
Propagate by
weather. time. at same
dry
very
replant
6
soilloides,blue, autumn,
B.
CULTI7ATED:
GARDENING.
OF
ENOTOLOP^DIA
in., Cmna.
Also
chinensis. -v
,.
c"
Barrelieri)."bee
(Campanula
Bellfiower
Barrelier's
See Barren Strawberry (Waldsteinia fragarioides)." steinia. See Epimedium. Barren-vwort. J a. See Mentzelia. Bart on Barton's Flovwer (Mentzeliaaurea). See Mentzelia.
",
Known
.^
/-"
panula Cam-
Wa,ld-
"
"
"
Basil. Basil Basket
"
See
Ocimum.
(Calamintha Acinos). See Calamintha. (Nephrodium Filix-mas). See Nephrodium. (Fuchsia procumbens). See Fuchsia.
Thyme
Basket Bastard Bastard
Bastard Bastard Bastard Batatas.
"
Fern Fuchsia
"
"
(Ageratum mexicanum).
Agrimony Balm Cedar
(Cedrelasinensis).See "
Indigo.
See
"
Jasmine.
See Ageratum. Melittis.
Cedrela.
Amorpha. See
"
Oestrum.
Ipomeea.
See
"
"
(Melittismelissophyllum).See "
Batemannia.
"
Ord.
Orchidaceae.
Stove
orchids.
Evergreen.
introduced 1834. CULTUEE; Compost, equal parts fibry peat " sphagnum moss. Water Eepot, March. Position, shallow basket or on blocks of wood. week other times. three times Temp., a weekly April to Aug. ; once 55" to 65"; March to Sept. 75" to 85". Propagate by Sept. to March division of old plants at potting time. B. CoUeyi, purple and green, SPECIES CULTITATED Aug., 6 to 8 in., British ; First
Guiana.
Bat
WIIIOVNf
Bauhinia.
Shy
(Salix
alba
caerulea). "
See
Salix.
green. EverOrd. Legumin'osae. flowering shrubs. 1690. of v-alue. First introduced bloomers no great Pot : Compost, equal parts peat " loam, one-sixth sand. Stove
"
CULTURE Water moist in summer. Position, light, sunny, firmly in March. March to to Sept.,moderately other times. Temp., Sept. freely March 60" to 70"; March to Sept. 70" to 80". Propaarateby cuttings inserted in temp. 75" in July. in well-drained nots of sandy peat under bell-glass CULTIVATED: B. (Jalpinii,-white, July, 6 ft., S. Africa; grandiflora, SPECIES white, July, 6 ft., Peru; natalensis, white, Sept., Natal. Plant Bayonet (Aciphyllasquarrosa). See Aeiphylla. Bay-tree (Laurus nobilis).^See Laurus. Bead-tree (Melia Azedarach). Sec Melia. Beal's Barberry (Berberis Beali)."See Berberis. Tree Beam (Pyrus Aria). See Pyrus. Bean Tree (Ceratoniasiliqua). See Ceratonia. See Fentstemon. Beard Tongue. Grass Bear (Camassia esculentea). See Camassia. Bear'S-breech (Acanthus mollis). See Acanthus. Ear Bear's (Primula auricula). See Primula. Bear's Foot. See Acanthus. Fern OOt Bear's-f (DavalliaTyermannia)." See Davallia. Pavw Fern Bear's See Poly(Polypodium meyenianum). "
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
podium. Beaucarnea.
"
Ord.
Liliaceae. 46
Greenhouse
ornamental-leaved
ENCYCLOPEDIA
OV
GARDENING.
plants. Evergreen. First introduced, green. CTJLTUEE
Compost,
Leaves, long,
1845.
narrow,
parts fibrous loam, one part silver sand. rately pots. Water freely March, to Sept.,modetimes. March to Sept. Temp., Sept. to March 45*^ to 50"; in temp. 65" in in sandy loam Propagate by seeds sown :
two
Pot, March, in well-drained 55"
to
Feb.
other 65".
March.
or
SPECIES
CULTIVATED
: B. glanoa, loaves broader tlian those Mexico.
glaucous
glauca latifolia, leaves recurved.
Natives
of
Beaufortia flowering shrubs. Australia. CULTTJHE sixth sand.
(Beaufort Myrtle). Ord. First
Greenhouse Natives of
Myrtaceae.
"
Evergreen.
milky-wMte, 3 to 5 ft. ; species: recurvata, leaves
or
tlie
introduced
1803.
Compost, equal parts loaf-inould,loam, " peat, one" prune, make soil quite firm " drain March; pots freely May to Aug., moderately at other times. Temp., 45'^to 50" ; March to Sept. 55" to 65". Propagate by
:
_
well.
of
Pot
Water March
Sept. to
shoots
cuttings of firm
inserted
sandy
in
soil in
temp.
55" to 65"
in
summer.
SPECIES
June, 3
CULTIVATED: ft. ; purpurea,
Beaumontia Stove climber. CULTUBE:
B. docussata, scarlet, May, 3 ft.; oarinata, scarlet, purple, July, 2 to 3 ft. ; sparsa, red, June, 2 to 3 ft.
Ord.
(Nepaul Trumpet-flower). "
Nat.
E. Indies.
First
introduced
Compost, equal parts peat
Position, large tub
or
border,
well
drained.
Apocynacese.
1820.
" loam one-sixth sand. Pot Shoots to climb roof.
wards. Water plant, March. abundantly May to Aug., moderately after60" to 70"; March 70" to 80". to Sejjt. Temp., Sept.to March Propagate by cuttings inserted in sandy soil in temp. 75" in March. or
CULTIVATED
SPECIES
:
B.
grandiflora,white, ,Tnly to Aug.,
15
to
20
ft.
(Monarda didyma). See Monarda. See Fagus. Beech-fern (Polypodium phegopteris). See Polypodium. Tree Beef-suet (Shepherdia argentea). See Shepherdia. Orchis Bee (Ophrys apifera). See Ophrys. Bee Balm Beech."
"
"
"
"
Beet. Bee-tree
See
"
Begonia." tuberous-rooted
Beta.
(Tiliaheterophylla).^SeeTilia. Ord. greenhouse fibrous Begoniaceae. Warm " flowering. perennials. Ornamental-leaved
and
TYPE. TTJBEEOTJS-EOOTED OP Compost, equal " one leaf-mould part of equal proportionsof dried cow March in Feb. or to grow tubers silver sand. Start " by manure 70". When placingthem in leaf-mould in shallow boxes in temp. 65" to transfer to large ones. Water rooted plant in small pots " afterwards Feed with weak liquidmanure moderately at first,fully afterwards. CULTTJEE
"
parts loam
"
After from Shade sun. floweringgradually their sides in till Feb. Store in pots on tubers in March, culture start For outdoor temp. 50" to 55" in winter. and when rooting begins transplant into boxes, grow in heat till May, Lift tubers in rich soil in partialshade. then plant out early in June for pot advised store to ripen off, then as in Sept.,place in boxes surface of fine sandy compost in on tubers. Propagate by seeds sown temp. 65" to 75" in Feb. and grow seedlingson as advised for tubers ; shoots in spring. also by cuttingsof young SPECIES: FIBEOTJS-EOOTED as OP CULTTJEE Compost, same
when
growth is
withhold water
advised
for
active.
"
keep dry
tuberous-rooted
species. Sow 47
seeds in Jan.
or
Feb, in
ENCYCLOPEDIA 65"
temp, of spring. Shade end
from of
loam
65".
weak
Fresh
stock
similar temp, in small " then
cuttings on moderately.
Syringe daily.
Water
when
liquid May be planted reared annually manure
best
a
first in
rooted
flower.
in
in
cuttings in pots
or
to
Apply
when
flowers
tilate Ven-
form.
in beds seed from
in
out
or
garden cuttings.
SPECIES: Compost, two of equal proportionsof leaf-mould, dried cow manure, WINTER-FLOWEEING
CULTUEE-OF
parts
55"
temp.
sun.
freely May.
insert
or
seedlings
the
in
larger pots
75",
to
Grow
GARDENING.
OF
"
one
saji'd.Insert cuttings in sandy compost in temp. 65" to 70" in small pots, then gradually rooted grow in Feb. or'March. When on transfer to larger ones. Nip off points of shoots occasionallyto induce moderately. Keep moist during earlier stages sturdy growth. Water In autumn of growth. keep air drier " maintain temp, of 55". Feed After flowering gradually withhold occasionally with liquid manure. " water, " keep rather begin to give water dry till March, when also by seeds. " make larger plants. Increased repot to grow silver
"
CULTURE in advised Water
45"
ORNAMENTAL-LEAVED
OF
in
Pot previous case. freelyin spring " summer,
55" ;
to
temp. 55"
summer
Increased
in summer.
bv
spring.
moderately
65". leaf cuttines to
KINDS: in in winter. with weak Grow
Feed in spring or
Compost
as
shady position. Winter temp.
liquidmanure
summer.
TUBEEOUS-IIOOTED SPECIES CULTIVATED: B. b'olivensis, scarlet, BoliTia; Bavisii, red, Peru; Clarkii, rod, Peru; Pearceii, red, Bolivia; roaseflora,rose, The the Peru; Veitchii, carmine, Peru. foregroing were original parents of the of double-flowered tuberous-rooted jirefient race single and begonias grown in
gardens.
For
names
FIBROUS-ROOTED
of
varieties SPECIES
of latter CULTIVATUD:
see
ft.; Dreigei, white, July, 2 ft., S. and soarlet, .Tuly, 2 ft,, Ecuador; semporflorens other numerous hybrids and varieties mentioned
Aug.,
2
trade B.
lists. asootioneis Froebellii Africa; its varieties rosea in trade lists.
(hybrid), white, incomparabilis, and
rubra,
and
WINTER-FLOWERING SPECIES CULTIVATED: B. nlbo-coccinca, scarlet and coccinoa, scarlet, April, 3 ft,, Braxil ; evansiana, white, winter, 18 in., India; pink, Sept., China; fuchaioides, scarlet, winter, 4 to C ft., Mexico; incamata, pink, Sept., 2 ft,, Mexico; 4 ft,, Brazil; manicata, pink, haagcana, rose, autumn, April,3 ft,, Mexico; nitida, pink. Sept,, 18 in,, .Jamaica; soeotrana, rose, Nov,, 1 ft,, Socotra; 18 in, (hybrid), and weltoniensis, pink, Dec, other numerous de Lorraine, Gloire etc, hybrids and varieties as ORNAMENTAL-LEAVED
Himalayas, and a Belamacanda bulbous plant. OUTDOOR well-drained 2
in. apart.
March
with
number
of
SPECIES varieties
CULTIVATED: to be found
B.
trade
in
Hex,
a
native
of
the
lists,
Ord. Iridaceae. (Leopard-flower)." Half-hardj First introduced 182.3. CULTURE: Soil, light, rich, sandy. Position, sunny, border. Plant, Sept. to Jan., placing tubers 4 in, deep " Lift " replant tubers annually. Mulch surface of bed in
cow
manure.
POT CULTURE: Compost, two parts sandv loam, one part leafinould or decayed cow manure. Pots, 4^ in. in diameter, well drained. Place five tubers 3 in. deep in each pot in Nov., " with cocoanutcover fibre refuse in cold frame under cool greenhouse or stage until growth Water begins time moderately from growth begins until flowers fade, then gradually cease, keeping dry Temo Sent tn ^ till Jan. March.40"to 50"; otliertimes 50" Propagate by j advised for tubers. as
tol30".
Xetstreated
""
a
^^
""""*"*'' ""^- ^"''-""rel''Smi,'2^f'i"c\1na'=."= Belladonna
Lily
Bellflower." Bell Heather
See
---)"
fellow
(Amaryllis belladonna),_SeeAmaryllis 'uiiyms. Campanula. (Erica tetralix),"See Erica. 43
and
ENCYCLOPEDIA Bellidastruni Bel
lis herbaceous
See
(Daisy;
Hen
"
OF
GARDENING.
Aster.
Chickens Daisy). Ord. Compositae. Hardy varieties Double-flowered only cultivated "
perennials. Neat " pretty spring-flowering plants. CULTCJEE: Soil, ordinary. Position, or shady. Plant, Oct. sunny March. or sions Propagate by division of old plant in June^ inserting divi3 in. apart in shady border boxes of in. seeds m light sown deep ; J soil in cold frame in March, transplanting seedlings in open border in July. SPECIES Native of
CULTIVATED
;
B.
perennis
flore-pleno, and
its
yarietitib.
numerous
Britain, etc.
Belljsle Belllum
Cress
(Barbarea praecox). See Barbarea. (False Daisy). Ord. Compositae. Hardy "
annuals
"
"
perennials. First introduced 1772. CULTUKE : Soil,sandy loam. ]?osition,rockery or border sheltered from north-east winds. Plant, April. Propagate by division of plants in March; annuals similar to Bellis. by seeds sown SPECIES
CULTIVATED white, July, 3 in., Mediterranean : B. bellidioides, Begion, crassifolium, yellow, June, 6 in., Sardinia, perennial; minutum, white, Aug., 3 in., Greece, perennial. Bellvtfort." ", Codonopsis. See TJvularia Stove Ord. Acanthaceae. Beloperone. flowering shrubs. Brazil. First introduced 1832. Evergreen. Nat. New Grenada, CULTUE.E: " sand. Pot, Compost, equal parts leaf -mould, loam March, Temp., Sept. to moderately firm. Position, shady, moist. March 60" to 70"; March Water to Sept. 70" to 80"freely May to Remove Sept.,moderately afterwards. points of shoots occasionally in summer to induce dwarf growth. Propagate by cuttings inserted singly in small pots of light sandy soil in temp. 75" in Feb., March,
annual;
"
April.
or
SPECIES
CULTIVATED: B. atropurpurea,purple, Sept., 3 tt., Brazil; ohlonpurple, 3 ft., Aug., Brazil; violacea, violet, Aug., 3 ft., Brazil. Rose S'ee Rosa. Beng'a.l (Rosa bengalensis). Bush Benjamin (Liudera Benzoin). See Lindera. Benthamia." See Cbrnus. Berberidaceae. BerberidopsiS (Ooral-berry).Ord. Hardy and climbing shrub in S. of England; half-hardy only in Midlands North. 1862. Evergreen. Flowering. Nat. Chili. First introduced CULTURE: Soil, sandy loam. Position, against south or west wall; wall shrub winter with straw mats. Good for cool or protect in severe greenhouse. Plant, Oct. or April. Prune stragglyshoots only in April. Propagate by seeds sown | in. deep in well-drained pots of sandy soil, in temp. 55" in March; shoots in similar soil " cuttings of young temp. ; layeringof shoots in the open in Sept.,Oct., or Nov. B. corallina, crimson, summer, SPECIES CULTIVATED: 6 to 10 ft.,Chili. Ord. Berberidaceae. Berberis (Barberry; Jaundice-berry; Jaundice-tree shrubs. Hardy flowering " ornamental-leaved Evergreen " deciduous. CULTURE : Compost, two parts loam, one part peat " sand for choice soil for common ones. or Position, sunny ordinary species; pagate shady. Plant, Sept., Oct., March. April. No pruning required. Proborder in Oct. or 1 in. deep in sheltered Nov. ; by seeds sown in in soil in cold firm shoots frame of sandy cuttings Sept.; layering Berries of Common shoots in Oct. Barberry (Berberis vulgaris)make excellent candy, or pickle. Inner bark forms a yellow dye preserves,
gata,
rosy
"
"
"
"
.
for
tanning leather.
GARDENING.
OF
ENCYCLOPAEDIA
canadensis, 6 ft.,Himalayas; vnlgans, 3 Japan; ft., April, yellow, Thunbergii, yellow. May, ft., Canada; (Britain),fmit, black, white, purple, or yellow; yellow, April, ID to 12 ft., Europe vulgaris foliis purpureia, leaves purple. aquifolmm), yellow, April, Si'EOIES: B. aquifolium (Syn. Mahonia KVEllGltEEtN 5 to 6 ft., N. buxifolia, yellow, March, 6 to 8 ft.. Chili; Darwmii, America; May, 8 to 10 ft.. Chili; empetrifolia, yellow. May, 2 ft.. Chili; Fortune!, orange. ilicifolia, yellow. May, 3 to 4 ft., China; glumacea, yellow. May, 1 ft., N. America; of Magellan; stenophjlla, yellow. May, 3 ft., hybrid; yellow, July, 3 ft.. Straits nepalensis (Syn. B. japonica), yellow wallichiana, yellow. May, 6 ft., Himalayas; DEOIDTJOUS
SPECIES:
B.
aristata, yollow, May,
5
,
June,
,.
.
,,
,
.,
ft., Kashmir.
3
Ord. Ehamnaceae. Hardy and greenhouse First introduced Deciduous. 1714. HARDY SPECIES: Position, CULTURE OF Soil, sandy loam. border. Plant, Oct. to Feb. Prune, against south wall, well-drained Feb., cutting off soft points of strong shoots " removing weak shoots altogether. Propagate hardy speciesby cuttings of shoots 6 in. long in Oct.; half their depth " 3 in. apart in sheltered border inserted greenhouse speciesby cutting at any time. OF GREENHOUSE CULTURE SPECIES: Compost, equal parts loam " peat, with a little sand. Position,pots or beds in cool greenhouse, shoots trained Pot or plant in March. Water rately modeup roof. in winter, freelyat other seasons. Prune straggly growths in autumn. Temp. 45" to 55" Oct. to March ; 55" to 65" afterwards. HARDY CULTIVATED B. volnbilis,white, July, 10 to 12 ft.. United SPEOIES :
(Supple Jack).
Berchemia,
"
climbing
States. GREENHOUSE
Nepaul
;
shrubs.
SPECIES
lineata, green,
Bergamot
CULTIVATED
June,
10
:
B.
floribunda, white, Jnly, 8
to
10
ft.,
ft., China.
(Monarda didyma)." See Monarda. (Juniperus bermudiana). See Juniperus. Lily (Lilium longiflorum eximium). See Lilium. Satin-flower (Sisyrinchium bermudianum)." See
Bermuda
Cedar
Bermuda Bermuda
"
"
Sisyrinohium. BertOloniai foliage. First
Ord. Melastomaceae. Stove trailingplants. Orn. introduced sides dark 1850. Leaves, upper green, under sides white, purple;' pink, purple. CULTURE " sand. tion, Posi: Compost, equal parts peat, leaf -mould, with well-drained covered in Pot, Feb. bell-glass shade. pans March. 60" to 70" ; March to Sept. 75" to or Temp., Sejit.to March 85". Water twice a week at other times. or daily April to Sept., once Propagate by cuttingsinserted in light soil in pots or pans under bellglassin temp. 75" in spring. SPECIES CULTIVATED: B. hontteana, leaves green and carmine, 6 in.; macnlata, leaves pink and purple, 6 in., marmorata, leaves silvery white and purple, 6
in.
Natives
Bessera plant. First CULTURE silver _sand. Oct. or Nov.
of
"
Brazil.
(Coral Drops). Ord. "
introduced
Liliaceae.
Half-hardy
bulbous
1850.
Compost, equal parts loam, leaf-mould, peat, " coarse Position, well-drained pots in cold greenhouse. Pot, Water freely during active growth. Keep more less or dry after foliagedies down until new growth begins. Requires plenty of sun. in well-drained border May be grown outdoors at foot of a south wall. and Propagate by offsets removed treated old bulbs at as potting time. SPECIES CULTIVATED : B. elegans, scarlet, summer, 18 in. to 3 ft Mexico Beta (Beet-root; Sicilian Beet; Spinach-beet)." Ord. CheuopodiaEsculent reae. vegetables " orn. foliage First :
plants.
1548.
Leaves, crimson,
green,
or
white. 50
introduced
ENCYCLOPEDIA CULTURE
OF
GARDENING.
OF
Sow seeds liin. deep in drills 15 in. in June to Sin. apart in row. apart Sandy May. seedlings soil manured for previous crop best. Beet not succeed must spinach or root crops; follow cabbage tribe, potatoes, onions, beans, or peas. may Lift roots in Nov. " store in cool shed. for artificial manure Suitable beet: Common of soda, IJlb.; superphosphate, salt, 31b.; nitrate 18 Oct. to April. Crop takes for use, IJ lb. ; saltpetre,1 lb. Season weeks from their time Seeds retain of sowing till ready for use. 50 ft. of seed will sow row a vitalityup to 10 years old. Two ounces in
BEET-EOOT:
Thin
long. Maeket CuiiTUHE Beet: OP Soil, etc., as above. Requires 121b. bushels. Cost 400 seed to sow 300 to an acre. acre, Average yield per of drillingseed. Is. 6d.; thinning out, 14s.; and hoeing, 8s. to 10s. per
acre.
18 in. SPINACH-BEET seeds 1* in. deep in rows : Sow in. in Use to 9 Thin in row. seedlings May apart April. for beet-root. leaves of this only, similar to spinach. Soil " manure as BEET seeds J in. deep in boxes OP ORNAMENTAL CULTURE : Sow transfer of light soil in temp. 60" to 70" in March; seedlingsto cold in April " plant in beds in flower garden in May. frame SPECIES B. Cicla (SilverBeet) ; B. -vulgarisparent of edible beetroots ; native : of S. Europe. Betel-nut Palm (Areca catechu). See Areca.
CULTURE apart in
OP
"
Betula, (Birch-tree; Queen of the Woods). " shrubs. Deciduous. ornamental trees Hardy " bobbins. fish casks, making veneering purposes; fish nets. tanning CULTURE or : Soil,ordinary. Position, sheltered "
mountain
Cupuliferae. used, for used for
Bark
exposed in valleys,
Plant, Oct. the of seeds surface on sown sandy soil on Propagate by be seeds to not covered. in March borders in, simply pressed ; when old. Dwarf birches one propagated Transplant seedlings year of seed will produce 16,000 One bushel by layering shoots in Oct. 25 years of seeds in old. Number plants. Tree begins to seed when hills, or
slopes; good
seaside
Ord. Timber
"
town
trees.
March. sheltered to
a
Average
pound, 800,000.
life, 100
years.
(Common Birch), 50 to 60 ft., Northern (CutHemisphere ; alba pendula Tounffii (Weeping Birch) ; alba laciniata pendula leaved Birch) ; alba f oliis variegatis (Tariegated Birch) ; alba purpurea Weeping (Purple Birch); alba urticsefolia (Nettle-leaved Birch); lenta (Cherry Birch), 60 HDwarf nana Birch), 2 to 3 ft., Northern to 70 ft., N. America; Hemisphere; populifolia (Gray Birch), 20 to papyrifera (Paper Birch), 60 to 70 ft., N. America; 30
ft., N.
B.
CULTIVATED:
SPECIES
alba
America.
(Pinus excelsa). See (Bur Marigold). Ord. Oompositae. Pine
Bhotan Bidens
Tree
"
"
Pinus.
Hardy
annual
"
perennial herbs. CULTURE or
Soil,
;
April. Propagate
annuals
seed
by
sown
ordinary.Position, Jin. deep
transplantingseedlings outdoors SPECIES
CULTIYATED:
humilis, yellow, July,
in
May.
yellow, July, ^randiflora,
ft., Mexico,
"
"
:
or
Compost,
March.
3
ft., Mexico,
annual;
perennial.
(Cross Tine; Trumpet-flower). hardy climbing plants. Deciduous.
Bisnonia Greenhouse 1710. CULTURE Pot, Feb.
B. 2
border. Plant, Oct. sunny division of old plants in April; in sandy soil in temp. 70" in March,
perennialsby
parts loam, one Position, light sunny two
51
Ord. Bignoniaeese. Pirst introduced
part peat for
"
silver
sand.
greenhouse species;
BNOYCLOpMDtA south
wall
weak
not
must
border
or
for one deep. plant " " one-third of strong shoots Prune firm. away to Water shoots in Feb. Sept., very freely April
times.
Shade
must
be
not
given
45" to 55" Oct. species,
be
than
more
good drainage
Provide
18 in.
ft. square
3
soil
Bed
kind.
hardy
for
GAttVMtNG.
OF
" make
of two-thirds little at other
Temp, for to greenhouse kinds. March to Oct. 65" 55" to to March ; in well3 in. long, inserted shoots
greenhouse Propagate by cuttings of young drained pots of sandy soil in teiup. 65" HARDY 12
to 70" in April. oapreolata (Cross Vine), scarlet, snmmer, oapreolata atrosanguinea, red and purple.
CULTIVATED
SPECIES ft., United
:
B.
States to 15 ; B. CULTIVATED G-EEENHOUSB SPECIES : 15 ft., S. America; tweediana, yellow, summer,
Bilberry
See
(Vaccinium myrtillus). "
Ord. introduced
Billberg'ia..
"
Tenusta, 15
Bromeliaceae.
orange,
ft., Buenos Vaccinium. 20
to
Stove
10
autumn,
to
Ayres. green. Ever-
plants. flowering
Flowering season, spring. Compost, equal parts fibrous loam, rough peat, leafGood Water mould " silver sand. Pot, March. freely always. 75" to to 65" March to essential. March Sept. ; drainage Temp., Sept. 70" to 80". Propagate by large-sizedoffshoots inserted singlyin small pots of sandy peat in temp. 85" in April. First
CULTURE
1826.
:
and B. Bakeri, green SPECIES CULTIVATED: violet, 18 in.,Brazil; iridifolia, 18 scarlet, yellow, and crimson, in., Brazil; Lietzei, rosy-pink, 1 ft., Brazil; 1 ft., Brazil; vittata, red and Moreli, blue, pink, and violet, 18 in. to 2 ft., rose, Brazil ; zebrina, 1 ft., Brazil,
Bindweed. See Calystegia. See Thuya. Biota." Birch." See Betnla. Bird Cherry (Prunus padus)." See Prunus. of Bird Paradise Fiovwer (StrelitziaEegince). Strelitzia. Bird's Eye Maple (Acer saccharinum). See Acer. Bird's Primrose Eye (Primula farinosa)." See Primula. OOt Fern Bird'S-f (Pellsea Ornithopus)."See Pellaea. "
See
"
"
Bird's-foot Bird'S-f OOt Bird's-foot
Bird's-nest Bird'S-nest Bird's-nest
Birth-wort
Bishop's Bishop's Bitter
Stonecrop (Sedum pulchellum)."See Sedum. Trefoil (Lotus corniculatus).See Lotus. Violet pedata)." See Yiola. ^Viola Fern (Asplenium Nidus). See Asplenium. Orchis (NeottiaNidus-avis)."See Neottia. Trefoil." See Lotus. "
"
(Aristolochiasipho). See Aristolochia. Cap (Mitella diphylla)."See Mitella. Hat (Epimedium alpinum). See Epimedium. Almond Tree (Prunus Amygdalus amara). "
"
"
See
Prunus.
Bitter Root (Lewisiarediviva).-See Lewisia. Bitter Vetch (Lathyrus vernus). See Lathyrus. Bitter-wort (Gentiana acaulis). See Gentiana. Bixia Stove green. Ever(Arnatto). Ord. Bixinese. flowering tree. Nat. Indies. W. First introduced 1690. CULTURE : Compost, two parts loam, one part peat " silver sand. Pot, March. Water to Sept.,moderately other freely March times. 60^ to 70"; March to Sept. 75" to 85". Temp., Sept. to March gate Propaby cuttings of shoots six to 12 months old, inserted in small pots to Aug. of sandy soil in temp. 85", June SPECliSS CULTIVATED : B. orellano, pink, summer. West Indies. See Eubus. Blackberry," "
"
"
"
52
Eesting period winter Propagate by division
GABDENING.
OF
ENOYOLOPJEDIA Flowers
appear
of
base
at
pseudo-bulb.
new
pseudo-bufbsafter
flowering. SPECIES CULTUEE OP HARDY : Compost, equal parts leaf-mould, sheltered loam, " sand. Position, sunny, rockery in S. of England only; in otber parts in cool greenhouse (winter temp. 40" to 50"). March. Water Plant or freelywhilst growing. Keep dry when pot, at
of
rest.
STOVE
Sherrattiana, rosy red and purple and yellow, : Indies. purple, March, West CULTIVATED: B. hyaointhina, rosy crimson, April, 1 ft.;
SPECIES
spring, Colombia HABDT
CTJLTITATED
Terecnnda,
;
SPECIES
ilapan. Blood
Berry
Blood
Elder
Blood
Flovwer
Blood
Root
(Eivina humilis). See Eivina. (Sambucus ebulus). See Sambucus. (Heemanthus cocoineus). See Hsemanthus. (Sanguinaria canadensis). See Sanguiuaria. Ord. Liliacese. Half-hardy bulbous plant. "
"
"
"
Bloomeria. introduced 1869.
"
First
Ht., 12 in. Flowers, golden-yellow. border : Soil, light, sandy. or Position, warm rockery. 2 to 3 in. deep, " 3 in. apart, Sept. to Nov. Propagate by
CULTUEE Plant bulbs offsets planted SPECIES 1 ft.
;
as
CULTIVATED:
directed B.
Clevelandii, yellow, July,
for anrea
bulbs. (Syn. Nothosoordnm
1 ft.
Natives
of
aureum), yelloir, July,
California.
Blooming: Blue Blue Blue
Sally (Epilobium angustifolium)."See Epilobium. Lily (Igapanthus umbellatus)."See Agapanthus. Alpine Daisy (Aster alpinus)."See Aster. Amaryllis (Griffinia hyacinthina)."See Griffinia.
African
Bell Blue festalis " Campanula rotundifolia). See Scilla (Scilla and Campanula. Blue Cowslip (Pulmonaria angustifolia).See Pulmonaria. Blue Cupidone (Catananohe caerulea).See Catananche. Blue Daisy (Aster tripolium)."See Aster. "
"
"
Peacock Iris (Iris pavonia)." See Iris. Blue-flowered Bindweed See Ipomsea. (Ipomseacssrulea)." Blue-flowered Fleabane (Erigeron acris)."See Erigeron. Blue-flowered Red-root See (Ceanothus azureus). Ceanothus. Blue Gum-tree (Eucalyptus globulus)."See Eucalyptus. Blue Marguerite See Agathaea. (Agathsea coelestis)." Blue Moonwort (Soldanellaalpina)." See Soldanella. Blue Rock Bindweed (Convolvulus mauritauicus)." See Convolvulus.
Blue-eyed
"
Blue Spider-wort See Commelina. (Commelina coelestis)." Blue Spruce (Picea pungens)." See Picea. Blue Tliroat-wort (Trachelium oseruleum). See Trachelium. Bluets (Houstonia cserulea). See Houstonia. Blumenbachia." Ord. Loasaceae. Half-hardyannual " perennial twiners " trailers. First introduced 1826. CULTUEE: Soil,ordinary. Position, south bed, border, or wall. Plant perennialsin April. Propagate annuals 1-16 in by seeds sown deep in shallow boxes of light soil in temp. 65" March, transplanting seedlingsoutdoors in June ; perennialsby seed as advised for annuals ' division of roots in April. or "
"
SPECIES
OULTIVATED: B insignia, white, lateritia (Syn. Loasa lateritia red, May, , July, annual, Buenos Ayres.
Video;
red,
54
July, trailing annual, Monte perennial, TucumanT mul^flda, -","u miuvmua, ,
ENCYCLOPJSDIA
OF
OAItDBNING.
Blush See ^schynanthus. Wort." Bobartia; (Bobart's Iris). Ord. Iridaceae.
Half-hardy bulbous Mt. 1 ft. introduced 1810. Hope. CULTUEE drained, on bed border well or : Position, south or rookery. Plant bulbs 3 in. deep " 3 in. apart in Oct. Lift bulbs after flowering,dry " store away till planting time in cool place. Propagate by offsets planted " treated as large bulbs. SPECIES CULTIVATED: B. and flllformis, aphylla, wliite purple, summer; purple, summer; gladiata, yellow, summer; spathaoea, yellow, summer. Bocconia. (Plume Poppy; Tree CalandineJ. Ord. Papaveracese. 1795. Hardy herbaceous perennials. Orn. foliage. I'irst introduced Leaves, finelycut, greyish. CULTUEE Position, open, sunny, : Soil, rich loamy, well manured. flower sheltered from cold winds. after stems Plant, April. Cut down "
plants.
C^e
Nat.
of Good
Krst
"
shoots growing out of blooming. Propagate by cuttings of young axils of leaves, inserted in small pots of sandy soil,temp. 55" under from June to Aug. ; by suckers removed root, placed in pots bell-glass, in cool greenhouse in July. Good for culture in cold frame plant pot leaf-mould " sand. window. two one loam, or part Compost, parts times. other " March. Water Pot, moderately freelyspring summer, CULTIVATED SPECIES ocrdata, buff or whitish, July, 6 to 8 ft., China. : B. Bog; Arum (Callapalustris).See Calla. See Menyanthes. Bog; Bean (Menyanthes trifoliata).Vaccinium. See Berry Bog; (Vaccinium oxycoccus). "
"
"
Bog; Bog; Bog; Bog;
(Myrica Gale).
Myrtle
"
Pimpernel
Trefoil Violet Boltonia
See
"
"
"
Plant, Oct.
SPECIES
First loam.
N.
introduced
1758.
Position, sunny
shady
or
April.
Propagate by division of roots in April. B. asteroidee, white, pink, July, 4 to 5 ft. ; asteroides
or
CULTIVATED
violet, 4
Bomarea.
ceous herba-
"
America. perennials. CULTURE : Soil, ordinary moist
deourrens,
Anagallis.
(Menyanthes trifoliata).See Menyanthes. (Pinguicula vulgaris). See Pinguicula. (False Clhamomile). Ord. Compositae. Kardy Nat.
borders.
Myrica.
(Anagallis tenella). See
;
ft.
Amaryllidaceae.
Ord.
"
introduced
Firat
Flowering. CULTURE equal : Compost,
Greenhouse
climbing
nials. peren-
1806.
partspeat,
leaf
-mould, loam,
"
sand.
Position, large pots, tubs, or beds, well drained. Pot or plant,March. to Water freely April Sept.,moderately other times. Temp., Sept. to Sept. 55" to 65". 45" to 50" ; March Propagate by seeds to March sion in soil of in temp. 65" in March; divisown lightsandy pots Jin. deep of roots
March.
in
5 to autumn, B. aoutifolia, red, yellow, and green, : 6 to 8 ft., Colombia; edulis, crimson, July, Carderi, rose, autumn, patacoen"i" (Syn. B. oonferta) carmine-rose, Aug. 6 to 6 ft., Trop. America; 6 to 8 ft., Colombia. Bona-Nox (Ipomaea Bona-nox). See Ipomaea. tuberous-rooted Berberidaceas. Ord. Hardy Bong;ardia. introduced 1740. First Nat. Persia, perennial. Flowering. Syria. well south bed or border, Position, CULTUEE : Soil, light,sandy. weather Protect in severe covering by drained. Oct. or April. Plant,
CULTIVATED
SPECIES
6 ft., Mexico;
"
"
with
handlight
of tubers
temp.
Oct.
55"
SPECIES
Borag;e.
or
or
layer of cinder April, by seeds sown thick
or
to 65", in CULTIVATED "
See
ashes.
Propagate
in shallow
boxes
March. :
B.
Kawolfli, yellow, spring,
Borago. 55
6 to
12
in.
by division of
lightsoil,
ENCYCLOPEDIA
OABDENING.
OF
" perennial Boraginaceso. Hardy annual for used flavouringclaretspecies(B. officinalis)
Boragro plants.
Ord.
(Borage). "
Common cup and as a bee food. CULTURE rockeries, dry banks. : Soil, ordinary. Position,sunny where in March of Sow seeds common required to borage annually in. afterwards apart. thinning seedlings to 8 Propagate annuals grow, of roots division biennials in " as above; perennialsby by seed sown
April. SPEOIES
CULTIVATED:
officinalis
(Common Borecole.
:
charcoal.
long
Pot
to
afterwards.
Place
rose,
CULTIVATED:
May, 2 to 3 ft. June, 2 to 3 ft.
Boss
Fern
Greenhouse Ord. Rutacese. Australia. First introduced
fibrous
peat, one part silver sand " flowering. Drain the pots well off points of young shoots when 3 in. Water rately freely April to Sept., mode-
in semi-shady positionoutdoors June 45" to 50"; March to Sept. 50" to 60". shoots inserted in sandy soil, in young
bell-glass.
elatior, rosy
megastigma,
carmine. May, and
maroon
yellow,
3 to
Compost, equal parts sandy loam in grass. Plant, April. Propagate by division of during summer.
"
:
CULTIVATED: 6
ternatnm,
to
serrulata,
Ord.
Filices.
Deciduous.
moist, shady, rockery, or SPECIES
in. ;
"
Botrychium
weather
4 ft., hcterophylla,
April, 18
(Nephrodium moUe). See Nephrodium. (Moon Fern; Flowering Fern)."
Hardy ferns. CULTURE
B. ;
"
in., Corsica, perennial;
6
ft., Britain, annual.
nlauts
Aug. Temp., Sept. to March Propagate by cuttings of firm temp. 55", June to Aug., under SPECIES
Aug., 3
directlyafter
to
rose.
Rose;. Nat. W.
Cut compost quite firm. promote bushy growth.
make
1 to
Evergreen. fragrant. Compost, two parts
Flowers
CULTURE "
"
shrubs.
flowering
pounded
laxifloriv,blue,
(AustralianNative
Boronia. 1794.
B.
Borag-e),blue, summer, See Brassica.
12
B.
in.. New
Luuaria
Zealand;
(Common
roots
Moonwort),
yirginianum,
16
to
13
Position,
peat.
"Water 4
freely in dry in April.
to
5
in., Britain;
in.. North
Temperate
Zone.
Bottle
Gourd
(Lagenaria vulgaris). See Lagenana. Ord. Stove Nyctaginea?. climbing plants. "
Bousainvillea."
Flowering.
Deciduous. First introduced Coloured 1829. bracts chief floral attraction; flowers small and unattractive. CULTURE: Compost, two-thirds turfy loam, oue-third leaf-mould " sand. Pot or Position : B. glabra in pots with shoots plant, Feb. trained round wire trellis; B. speciosa in bed 3 ft. wide " 18 in. deep, .branches " shoots shoots being trained up roof. Prune of previous year's growth to within 1 in. of base annually in Feb. dantly abunWater March
to Sept., moderately Sept. to Nov., none afterwards. to Feb. Temp., May 55" to 60"; May to Sept. 65" to 75"; Sept. to Feb. 50" to 55". Propagate by cuttingsof young shoots 3 in. long, removed with small portion of branch attached, inserted in 2 in. of SPECIES sanaeriana,
bell-glass in temp. 70" CULTIVATED: noli
Buperba, deep
Bourbon
Bourbon Bourbon Boursault
sandy
pots
soil,under
rose;
to
80", March,
B. frlabra, rose, summer, speotabilis, lilac-rose,summer,
April
5 15
rose.
or
May
to
8 ft., BraEil elabra ft., Brajil snectabilis ^ "
"
Lily (Lilium candidiim)."See Lilium. Palm (Livistoniasinensis)." See Livistonia. Rose (Rosa bourboniana)." See Rosa. Rose
(Rosa alpina)."See 50
Rosa.
ENGYOLOPJEDIA
Boussingraultia hardy tuberous-rooted
OF
GARDENING.
(Madeira Vine)." Ord climber.
First
Chenopodiacese. Half-
introduced
1835.
Flowers
fragrant. CULTUEE: Soil, light,sandy. Position, back wall of greenhouse south wall or fence outdoors Plant tubers in small during summer. in 55" in for outdoors in June, or in pots temp. March, transplanting bed in Feb. for greenhouse culture. Lift outdoor tubers in Oct. and in sand store turbed. during winter; those in greenhouse bed leave undisor
Water tubercles in spring SPECIES
or
freely in
removed autumn.
CULTIVATED
summer,
none
from
the
stems
serting in winter. Propagate by inin sandy soil in temp. 55"
basoUoides, white, autumn, 6 to 8 ft., Ecuador. Rubiacese. Greenhou.'rs flowering shrubs. 1794. Evergreen. Flowers, fragrant. First introduced CULTURE : Compost, equal parts fibrous loam, leaf -mould, peat, " silver sand. Pot, March. Prune, Feb., shortening shoots of previous Water year's growth to within 1 in. of their base. moderately Feb. to May " Aug. to Nov., freelyMay to Aug., little Nov. to Feb. Temp., Place Feb. to Sept. 55" to 75"; Sept. to Feb. 55" to 60". plants in shoots to Sept. Propagate by cuttings of young cold frame from June in temp. 65" ; in pots of sandy compost in March 2 in. long, inserted cuttingsof roots inserted in similar soil in spring; division at potting Bouvardiai
:
"
B.
Ord.
time. B. anguatifolia, red, Sept., 2 ft.,Mexico; fla^a, yellow, corymbiiiora, Humboldtii, white, winter, 2 to 3 ft.,Humboldtii white; triphylla, scarlet, winter, jasminifiora, white, winter, 2 ft., S. America; 2 ft., Mexico; and numerous Neuuer, pink; Hogarth fiore-pleno, hybrids as, Alfred scarlet; President Garfield, double pink; and Vrielandii, white. Root Bowman's (Gilleuia trifoliata).See Gillenia. Box Elder (Acer Negundo). See Acer. Box Holly (Buscus aculeatus). See Buscus. Box Thorn (Lycium barbarum). See Lycium. Box-tree See Buxus. (Buxus sempervirens). Love Boy's (Artemisiaabrotanum). See Artemisia. Brachyconie (Swan Biver Daisy). Ord. Compositas. HalfFirst introduced hardy annual. Flowering. Nat. W. Australia. SPECIES
March,
18
CULTIVATED:
in., Mexico;
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
1843.
CULTURE:
by seeds 55" in March, in April where SPECIES
Soil,ordinary. Position,sunny sown Jin. deep in shallow boxes transplanting seedlings outdoors plants are to flower. B.
CULTIVATED:
iberidifolia,blue
or
border. gate Propalight soil in temp. in May; outdoors or
bed
or
of
white,
summer,
1 ft.
Hardy Grass). Ord. Gramineae. Inflorescence, suitable for drying for winter
(False Brome
Brachypodium
"
annual floweringgrass. decorations. borders. seeds Sow CULTURE : Soil, ordinary. Position, sunny in full flower. outdoors in April. Cut inflorescence when 9 in., Europe. B. distaohyon, summer, SPECIES CULTIVATED: Ord. Leguminosae. Greenhouse climbing plants. Brachysema. First introduced 1803. Flowering. Evergreen. Nat. Australia. " silver CULTURE loam, leaf-mould, : Compost, equal parts peat, well-drained beds 3 ft. or sand. Feb. or Position, tubs, Pot, pots round wire trellis or up the wide " 18 in. deep ; shoots to be trained "
roof
other 65"-
"
fully exposed to sun. Temp., Sept. to Propagate by seeds sown times.
Water
March
freely April
to
Aug., moderately
45" to 50"; March tp Sept. 55" to 1-16 in. deep in sandy soil in temp. 55" 57
ENCYCLOPEDIA
GARDENING.
OF
bellin similar soil " temp, under in shoots Sept. June, July, or Aug. ; layering and scarlet, April, 8 to 10 ft. ; CULTIVATED B. latifolium, crimson SPECIES : violet, March, white, spring, 3 ft.; nndulatum, lanoeolatum, scarlet, yellow and iu March;
cuttings of shoots
inserted
glass in
3
to
6 ft.
Bracken (Pteris aquilina). See Pteris. Orn. Brahea. Greenhouse foliage. Ord. Falmacese. palm. Krst introduced 1865. Pot, Feb. CULTURE: Compost, equal parts peat, loam, " sand. times. Water in other Temp., Sept to freely summer, moderately 55" 65" 75". to 60"; March March to Sept. to Propagate by seeds sown March. Jin. deep in lightsoil in temp. 85" in CULTITATED: B. dulcis, 3 ft., Mexico. SPECIES Brake Fern (Pterisaquilina). See Pteris. Bramble See Eubus. (Rubus fruticosus)." Bramble-leaved Rose (Rosa rubifolia). See Rosa. "
"
"
"
Bramble Rose (Rosa polyantha). See Rosa. Brassavola. Ord. Orchidacese. Stove, epiphytal orchids. First introduced 1837. Flowers, fragrant. CULTURE Position, blocks of wood, : Compost, sphagnum moss. March from Water to Sept., moderately roof. abundantly suspended 55" 50" to to Oct. 60" to 70". other times. Oct. Feb. Feb. to ; Temp., winter. Flowers of new growth after resting. Resting period, top division time. of at plant potting Propagate by CULTIVATED B. white and SPECIES : aoaulis, creamy spring, Central rose, and America; cacullata, cream red, spring, S. America; lineata, white, spring, fragrant, S. America; white, spring, Honduras. venosa, Brassia. Orchidacese. Ord. Stove green. Everepiphytal orchids. First introduced, 1806. CULTURE : Pot, Feb. Compost, rough fibrous peat " charcoal. well-drained in Water shade. Position, partial pots freely April to Aug., moderately other times. Temp., Oct. to Feb. 50" to 60"; Feb. to Oct. 65" to 85". Flowers at base of Resting period, none. appear last growth when division of plants at completed. Propagate by time. potting' SPECIES CULTIVATED: B. antherotes, yellow, May and June, Colomlia; and braohiata, yellow, white July to Sept., Guatemala; orange, gireoudiana, red, Aug., Costa yellow and Rica; lanceana, yellow, brown to and red, Jan. and lawrenoiana, yellow, cinnamon Sept., Surinam; green, spring,Brazil; macnwhite lata, yellow, red and brown. May, Trop. America; and purple. Torruoosa, May and June, Guatemala. "
"
"
Brassica (Borecole; Broccoli; Brussels Sprouts; Cabbage; Cauliflower; Colewort; Couve tard; Tronchuda; Kale; Kohl Rabi; Muswith Rape; Savoy; Turnip). Ord. Crucifera. biennials Hardy esculent roots or foliage. Nat. Europe (Britain).Flowers, yellow; May to Aug. CULTURE OF BORECOLE OR KALE." Sow seeds Jin. deep in drills 6 in. ajjart in Ajjrilor May. third Transplant seedlingswhen "
leaf
forms
apart in to April.
4 in. rows
apart in nursery
2 ft. asunder
in
bed. June
CULTURE OF shallow boxes of
Plant or
out
July.
permanently
Season
of
use,
18 in.
Nov.
BROCCOLI." For autumn use seeds J in. deep in sow light soil in temp. 65" iu Feb., or in cold frame in April; transplant seedlings3 in. apart in cold frame, light soil, in For Aprilor May; plant out 2 ft. apart in rows 2 ft. asunder in June. seeds Jin. deep in drills 6 in. winter use sow apart in open garden in April;transplant seedlings6 in. apart each way in June; plant 68
OF
ENCYCLOPEDIA
permanently end
of
BOW
seeds
April
2 ft.
end
CULTURE
apart winter
for
as
of
OF
GARDENING.
all ways in July. kinds ; plant out
May; plant
out
BRUSSELS
in
SPROUTS
For
in
spring use July.
For
sow
summer
seeds use
Aug. :
For
65-^
early crop
sow
seeds in third leaf off in cold
in March, transplant seedlings when harden forms into boxes, keep in heat for a week or so, then " plant 4 in. apart on frame till May, when sheltered border plant a plant out in permanent position. Sow also outdoors early in April. Transseedlingsas advised for Broccoli," plant out permanently 30 in. to April. Cut, not of use, Nov. 3 ft. asunder. Season apart in rows till sprouts heads break, off sprouts when gathering. Do not remove
temp,
are
of
55
to
finished.
CULTURE OF.CABBAGE seeds J in. deep in boxes
sow use COLEWOP.T summer : For Feb. in 65" in soil transplant ; light temp. seedlings3 in. apart in boxes of light soil " put in cold frame for few For in April. 18 in. asunder weeks; plant out 12 in. apart in rows autumn seeds i in. deep in drills 6 in. apart in open positionin sow use March; transplant seedlings6 in. apart in May; plant out 12 in. apart
in rows in open
IS in.
seeds J in. deep spring use sow 6 in. apart in July; transplant seedlings in Sept. Sow 18 in. asunder in. apart in rows plant out 12 in. apart each way in Sept.
asunder garden middle
Aug. ; plant out in July Colewort
12
and
AND
of
in June.
For
of
seeds as sow use in. seeds For autumn sow deep in advised i use for early cabbage. in in. May, drills 6 in. apart in April; transplant seedlings6 apart For in June. 2 ft. asunder spring " plant out 18 in. apart in rows in last outdoors in Aug. ; transplant seedlingsin cold as use
CULTURE
OF
For
CAULIFLOWER:
summer
case,
sow,
hearts When begin to for the winter, " plant out in April. frame frost. and from flowers sun them to protect tender form snap leaf over March. in outdoors seeds thinly EOHL-EABI CULTURE OF : Sow Thin seedlings to 3 in. apart in May, and plant out permanently for stems swollen Gather in June. 3 ft. asunder 2 ft. apart in rows when the size of a turnip. use for early crop in March seeds outdoors SAVOY OP : Sow CULTURE seedlings as advised for " at the end of April for maincrop. Treat 15 in. asunder; in. apart in rows cabbage. Plant dwarf varieties 12 after for use Gather in rows 2 ft. asunder. tall kinds 18 in.
apart
frost.
autumn
seeds in Feb., March, April, May, Sow TURNIP: OP drills ^ in. deep supply. Make June, " July to furnish a continuous soot to keep lime with or " 1 ft. apart. Dust seedlingsoccasionally in. 6 to when Thin apart. Turnips off Turnip Flea. rough leaf forms Sow seeds broadcast in Feb. or March. forced on hotbed be easily may with fine soil. " lightlycover Turnips ready to gather Keep moist.
CULTURE
after sowing. borders. MUSTARD : Soil, ordinary. Position,open OF till boards with mats or " of soil, water, cover surface on first Make in. and 6 apart. they germinate; or in drills Jin. deep, with successional follow sowings every five days of March, end sowing in. 1 when for Gather high. Two salading cease. then until
eight weeks
CULTURE Sow seeds
Sept..
_
off one pieceof ground. crops sufficient boxes, seed on surface of lightsoil in shallow Sow : Cultuee Indooe " slate or sheet of with board, cover paper, with tepid water, moisten succession for Sow in or room. greenhouse in warm position
place
59
ENOYCLOP^mA
OF-
GABDENINO.
soil. Seeds may in same days. Two crops may be grown of year. time in moist at any a warm kept room, Maeket the Cultuke follows beds : Prepare on ground or on the as under Place 2 of in. manure on base, 2 in. staging glass: rough decayed of sifted manure refuse on and in cocoanut-fibre 1 fine of soil on or top, this. Soak the seeds for 12 hours in water before sowing. Sow thickly on with soil, but moisten surface, do not cover thoroughlywith tepid Cover water. bed with mats till seedlings are IJin. high. Cut when 3 in. high " market in punnets. to cut about after a week Crop ready sowing. Average yield, two punnets per square foot. Average price per doz. punnets, Is. 6d. to 2.'!. Temp, for early crops 65". Will grow cold frames in summer. in Eape seed (Brassica napus) used instead of White Mustard because it is much (Brassicaalba) by market growers three
every be
sown
flannel
on
cheaper. CULTUEE
OF COUVE TEONCHUDA tion, Posi: Soil, ordinary, rich. seeds in April. Transplant seedSow lings thinly outdoors 3 in. high, 6 in. apart in a bed. Plant out finally nursery in June. 3 ft. apart each way Gather ribs, outer leaves first for their midand hearts last of all. sunny. when
Details: Miscellaneous Soil to be deeply dug and well manured meal for all foregoing crops. Fork in bone for or superphosphate Best artificial manure for cabbage tribe : Kainit, 2J lb. ; turnip crop. sulphate of ammonia, 2 lb. ; sulphate of soda, 1\ lb. ; " superphosphate of lime, 2Jlb. ApP ^ above quantity to each square rod a month from after planting. Turnips take time of sowing to eight weeks arrive at maturity; Brussels sprouts. 30 to 40 weeks; other crops, 18 to 20 weeks. Seeds take eight to ten days to germinate, and retain for six to eight years. their germinating powers of seeds One ounce will yield 2,000 plants.
Market
Soil, deep
Culture:
3 cwt. of superphosphate per acre of soda per acre applied a month of
decayed
planting, with are
"
manure
1 cwt.
developing;
for
"
rich.
For Borecole, J cwt. of nitrate planting; for Broccoli, 12 tons
applied after
Manures:
in
spring,"
of superphosphate per acre applied before of nitrate of soda per acre hearts applied when Brussels Sprouts, 20 tons of farmyard manure 4 cwt.
applied in winter,
of superphosphate per*acre applied 4 cwt. spring, " 4 cwt, of nitrate of soda per acre applied when sprouts begin to form; for Cabbage, 30 to 40 tons of farmyard manure per acre applied just before planting, and 2 cwt. of nitrate of soda per after planting; for Cauliflower, acre 30 to 40 tons applied six weeks of rotten in 3 of kainit manure acre winter, cwt. applied per per acre appliedin winter, 3 cwt. of superphosphate per acre added in spring, " IJcwt. of nitrate of sod.i per acre applied six weeks after planting; for Cabbage ; for Turnips, 10 tons of rotten for Savoy, same as manure appliedin winter, 1 cwt. of kainit per acre applied in winter, per acre 5 cwt. of basic slag applied iu winter 3 cwt. of superphosphate per or acre applied in spring,and 1 cwt. of nitrate of soda per acre applied
per
acre
in
after is thinned. Sow seeds of Borecole, Broccoli, Brussels crop Sprouts, Colewort, Cauliflowers, " Savoys in April outdoors; Cabbage in March, April, " July; Turnip, in March, April,July, Aug., " Sept. Plant in June or July. Cabbage again iu Sept. Distances for planting
Borecole, 30 in. each way; : Broccoli, 2 ft. apart in rows 30 in. asunder; Brussels Sprouts, 30 in. apart iu rows 3 ft. asunder; Cabbage, 18 in.
apait each
v.ay
for
early crops, GO
"
2 ft.
apart
for
late
or
main
ENOYOLOPJSDIA
OF
GABDBNING.
B. grenioulata,1 ft.,S. Africa; CULTIVATED: maxima (PearlGrass), minor oi Region; media ft., Mediterranean (Quaking Crrass), 1 ft., Britain; rotundata, 1 ft., Mexico; minima, 6 in., Europe; spicata, 9 in. Flon-ering in June and July. Broad Bean (Vicia faba). See Yicia. Broad-leaved Bell-flower (Campanula latifolia). See
SPECIES
1
"
"
Campanula. Holly
Broad-leaved Broad-leaved
(Ilex latifolia). "
Spindle-tree
See
Hex.
(Euonymus
See latifolius). "
Euonymus. Prickly-toothed
Broad
Fern
See (Kephrodium dilatata)."
Nephrodium. Broccoli.
plants.
Brassica.
See
"
Liliaceae.
(Missouri Hyacinth). Ord.
Brodisea
"
Deciduous.
California, "S. America.
Kat.
Hardy First
bulbous
introduced
1806.
CULTURE: OUTDOOR Soil, Plant bulbs well-drained border. Lift " replantbulbs annually
rich, sandy loam. Position, warm, Sept." Oct.,4 in. deep " 3 in. apart.
.
CULTURE: Compost, two parts sandy loam " one part in 4^ in. pots, placing Grow equal proportionsof leaf -mould " sand. bulbs surface of mould. Cover 1 in apart " just below Pot, Oct. ashes in cold frame till growth begins, then to a temp. with remove Water 45" to 55" freely whilst growing. Keep dry when foliagefades. in J in. deep in sandy soil in cold frame Propagate by seeds sown March; by offsets treated as advised for bulbs. B. OTTLTIVATPED SPECIES : Bridgesii, purple, blue, June, li ft., California; calif ornioa, rosy-purple, June, li ft., California; congesta, blue, June, 1 ft., N.W. America; congesta alba, ^bite; capitata, blue, May, 2 ft.,N.W. America; capitata alba, white; grandifiora, blue and purple, June, 1\ ft., N.W. America; ixioides, Howellii Howellii, blue, July, 2 ft., Oregon; yellow, June, 9 in., California; lilaoina,lilac; byaointhina lactea, wbite, July, 2 ft., California; laza, blue, June, Ik ft., California (Syn. Milla laxa) ; uniflora (Syn. Tritelia uuiflora violaoea, pale blue. See Brevoortia for B. ooocinea.) There are others, but above are the best. Brodie's Lily (Brevoortia Ida-Maia). See Bretoortia. Brome Grass." See Bromus. Ord. Bromeliaceae. Bromelia. Stove herbaceous perennials. leaved plants. Flowering and ornamental CULTURE : Compost, equal parts fibrous loam, rough peat, leafWater mould, " silver sand. Pot, Mlarch. Good freely always. 65" to 75 March to drainage essential. Temp., Sept. to March Sept. , 70" to 80". Propagate by large-sized offshoots inserted singlyin small pots of sandy peat in temp. 85" in April. SPECIES CULTIVATED: B. fastnosa, purple, Aug., i ft.,Bratil; Pinguin, red, March, 3 ft.,Trop. America; sylvestris,crimson, July, 3 ft., Trop. America. Stock Brompton (Matthiolaincana)."See Matthiola. INDOOR
'
"
"
Bromus (Black Grass; Brome Grass). Ord. Gramineae. Hardy Biennial. ornamental Inflorescence suitable for mixing with grasses. decoration. cut flowers or drying for winter CULTURE Position, open borders. : Soil, ordinary. Propagate by seeds sown -Jin. deep in Sept or April where plants are required to useful for drying for winter Flowers decoration; cut them grow. "
when
fullydeveloped.
SPECIES
Broom.
CULTIVATED "
See
Broushtonla. First
introduced
:
B.
2 ft., Caucasus. brizffiformis,
Cytisus. "
Ord.
Orchidaoeae.
Stove
orchid.
EverTeen. "
1793. 62
ENCYCLOPEDIA
GAltDENING.
OF
CULTUEE
: Position, blocks of wood, Compost, sphagnum moss. shade. Water partial freelyApril to Aug., moderately other times. Feb. 50" Oct.,to to Temp., 60; Feb. to Oct. 65" to 85". Growing period, " summer. at apex Flowers spring EjCstingperiod,winter. appear
in
of
pseudo-bulb after resting.
new
CULTIVATED":
SPECIES
guinea, crimson,
Aug.,
B. 18
in.,
lilaoina, rosy
lilac, summer,
San
Domingo;
ean-
Jamaica.
Broussonetia
duous (Paper Mulberry)." Ord. TJrticaceae. Hardy deci1751. Nat. China. First introduced Leaves, foliage. large, lobed, mulberrjr-shaped. Orn.
tree.
CULTUEE
in Soil, rich loamy. Position, sheltered shrubberies March. to Oct. Propagate by cuttings Engjlandonly. Plant, in Oct. or Nov. in sandy soil in cold frame iu Oct., or suckers
of
:
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
Browallia.
papjrifera, 12 ft., Japan. Solauaceae. Greenhouse annuals.
S. serted in-
B.
Ord.
"
Flowering.
First introduced 1735. CULTURE : Compost, equal parts loam " leaf-mould, with little sand. in temp. 55" Sow seeds 1-16 iu. deep in fine light soil in March When to 65". seedlings appear transplant three or four into each shelf iu greenhouse, " water 5 in. pot, keep on a moderately. Apply in cool greenhouse. flower in May Will " June. water weak manure 55" to 60". to June Seedlingsmay be planted outdoors Temp., March to flower
in June SPECIES
during
summer.
B.
CULTIVATED:
speciosa, purple, July,
(Syn. B. data), Hue, July, 9 in., Peru; speciosa major, blue; grandiflora, lilao,July,
demisaa
ft., Peru;
2
2 ft.. Peru.
green. EverOrd. Leguminosaa. Stove Brownea. flowering shrubs. introduced 1820. First Pot, CULTURE : Compost, equal parts peat " loam, little sand. Water Feb. or March. occasionally at other moderately in summer, 55" to 60"; March to Sept. 65" to 85"times. Temp., Sejjt.to March in firm shoots inserted of sandy peat, in temp. cuttings by Propagate 80" under bell-glass,in spring. Birsohellii, B. Ariza, red, June, 10 to 20 ft.,Colombia; SPECIES CULTIVATED: 10 to 13 ft., hybrid; Crawfordii, scarlet, summer, Aug., 10 ft., Venezuela; rose, grandiceps, red, June, 10 ft., Venezuela. See Datura. Brugmansia. Stove evergreen Ord. Solanacese. Brunf elsia. floweringshrubs. "
"
"
1826. First introduced CULTURE : Compost, four Position, part loam " sand.
parts each fibrous peat " leaf-mould, one Pot immediately pots in plant stove. rately modeessential. Prune " firm drainage potting flowering;good
after
after are
6
off points of young Pinch moderately Oct. to March, to Aug. Apply liquid manure
flowering.
in. long.
Water
Syringe freely March
shoots
when
latter
freely afterwards. to healthy plants
to Oct. 60" to 50" to 55"; March in summer. Temp., Oct. to March bellin sand under inserted in. 2 to 3 70". cuttings long, Propagate by to 60" Feb. Au?. to in 70", glass temp. rant, B. oalyoina (Syn. Francisoea calyoina),purple, fragCULTIVATED: SPECIES summer,
2
Brunsvigria
ft., Brazil.
Ord. (Candelabra-flower') "
.
Amaryllidaceaj. Good
Greenhouse First
Nat. Cape bulbous Hope. plants. Deciduous. introduced 1752. Pot., Sept. CULTURE equal parts peat, loam, " sand. : Compost, quantity; new growth begins, then give moderate Water only when vellow. turn after leaves Temp., Sept. to Nov. 50" to give any cease to Sept. 65" to 75"Plants 55" to 65" ; March to March, Nov to 55" of
"
ENCYCLOPEDIA
GARDENING.
OF
full exposure to sun. Propagate by offsets inserted in small similar to bulbs, pots large grown B. gigantea, red, July, 1 ft. ; Josephinse, scarlet, July, SPECIES CULTIVATED : " 18 in. : miaor, pink, July, 9 in. ; liadula, red, June, 6 in. See Brassica. Brussels Sprcuts.
have
must
"
"
BryanthUS. Evergreen.
Ericaceae.
Ord.
"
Plant, Position, moist rockery. peat. by division of plants in April, or layering
CDLTUBE: Soil, sandy Oct. to April. Propagate in Oct. SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
B.
California; empetriformis, 1 ft., a red, summer,
trailingflowering shrubs.
Hardy
rosy-purple,
Breweri,
reddish
hybrid
purple,
6
summer,
between
June
9
to
19 in., erectuR,
Columbia; and
empetriformis
B.
Aug.,
to
in., British
Khodothamnus
Chamfecistus.
Bryophyllum. plants. First CULTURE
Ord.
"
leaved
Crassulaceae.
introduced
Greenhouse
succulent-
1800.
one part old mortar, in Position, rubble, " fairly dry greenpits house. sunny, Water Pot in March. keep rather dry moderately in summer, at other seasons. Temp., 45" to 55" in winter; 55" to 65" afterwards. Propagate by leaves simply laid on the surface of moist sand. B. oalycinum, green and CULTIVATED SPECIES 3 ft., Trop. : purple, summer, and 10 ft., S. Africa. Africa; proliferum, green purple, summer, Buck-eye Pavia)." ^ee ^sculus. (.ailsculus Buckler Fern (Nephrodium Pilix-mas)." See Nephrodium. Buckthorn (Rhamuus catharticus). See Rhamnus. :
Compost,
two
sandjrloam,
parts
well-drained
sand.
"
Buckwheat. Buddleia,
See
"
Fagopyrum.
(Orange-ball-tree).Ord. Loganiaceae. Evergreen. Hardy kinds "
flowering shrubs. First
culture. CULTURE
:
1774.
Soil, light rich.
wall,
south-west Prune
introduced
dead
in
or
Hardy or greenhouse only worthy of
Position, border against Plant, Oct.
sheltered
straggly
south
shrubberies. shoots only.
or
April.
or
Propagate by seeds sown 60" in March; by cuttings of firm shoots in Sept. inserted in pots of sandy soil in cold frame SPK0IE9 B. globosa, orange, CULTIVATED: and May June, 10 to 15 ft.. Chili 10 ft., a hybrid; and Peru; intermedia, imi-ple, summer, japonica (Syn. B. curTiflora), purple, Aug., .Japan; variabilis, rosy G to 10 ft., China; lilac, summer, variabilis veitehiana, a superior variety. Buffalo-berry (Shepherdia argentea)." See Shepherdia. Buffalo Currant (Ribes aureum)." See Ribes. Buff-coloured See Lilium. Lily(Lilium testaceum)." in
away
light soil
Bufflehorn
Bugbane
in
or
a
temp,
of
Wood (Burchellia capensis)." See Burchellia. (Cimicifuga americana). See Cimicifuga. Flower (Ajuga reptans)."See Ajuga. "
Bugle
Bugle Lily." Bulb-bearing:
See
Bulbinella."
Ord.
introduced
Watsonia.
Lily
(Lilium bulbiferum)." See
Liliacea!.
Hardy
SPECIES to
3
CTJLTIVATED: B. Zealand. ft., New
BulbOCOdium bulbous before
Lilium.
perennial.
First
1848.
CULTURE: Soil, rich, well drained, mould. Position, partiallyshaded warm Propagate by division in spring. 2
herbaceous
plant. leaves.
Hookori
introduced
border.
(Syn. Ohrysobaotron
(Spring Meadow First
containing plenty Plant
in
of
leaf-
spring.
Hookeri), white
mer, sum-
'
Saffron")." Ord. Liliacea. 1649.
Flowers
appear
in
Hardy March,
UNOYGLOP^DlA CULTITEE: Plant borders.
SPECIES
OARDMNING.
Soil, ordinary.
bulbs 3 in. second year.
bulbs every the bulbs.
OP
CULTIVATED:
B.
or Position, sunny shady beds or deep " 3 in. apart in Sept. Lift " replant Propagate by offsets obtained when lifting
purple, March,
vernum,
in., Alps;
6
yer-
vemum
aioolor,prettily tinted.
Bullace Bullrush Bull's Bunch
(Prunus institia).See Prunus. See Typha. (Typha latifolia)." Head Orchid (Anguloa Clowesi)."See Anguloa. Berry (Cornus canadensis). ^See Cornus. Pine-tree Bunya-Bunya (Araucaria Bidwelli)."See "
"
Arau-
caiia.
Buphane.
Ord.
"
Amaryllidaceae.Half-hardy
bulbous-rooted CULTURE
First
or
greenhouse
plants. " sand. : Compost, equal parts peat, loam, Pot, Sept. Water only when new growth begins,then give moderate quantity; to give any after leaves turn cease yellow. Temp., Sept. to Nov. 50" to 55"; Nov. to March 55" to 65"; March to Sept. 65" to 75". Plants have full exposure must to sun. Propagate by offsets inserted in small pots " grown SPECIES summer,
introduced
1795.
similar to large bulbs.
CULTIVATED: 1 ft., S. Africa.
B.
oiliaris,purple,
summer,
1
ft.; diatioha, purple,
Bupleurum (Hare's-ear). Ord. Umbelliferae. Hardy evergreen, shrub and perennials. Pirst introduced 1596. CULTURE OP SHRUBBY SPECIES: Soil, ordinary. Position,, border. warm Plant, Oct. or April. Propagate by cuttingsinserted, in sandy peat in cold frame in Oct. or March ; also by seeds. CULTURE OF PERENNIAL SPECIES: Soil,ordinary. Position,, borders or rockeries. Plant, Oct. or March. Propagate by seeds ; sunny outdoors in April; division in March. sown SHRUBBY CULTIVATED: SPECIES B. frutioosum, yellow, July, 3 ft., Mediterranean Hegion. PEEENNIAL SPECIES CULTIVATED: B. petrffium,yellow, June, 6 in.,Europe;, stellatum, yellow, June, 9 in., S. Europe. baceous Bupthalmum (Yellow Ox-eye). Ord. Compositae. Hardy herperennials. First introduced, 1722. CULTURE Plant.' Position, open sunny border. : Soil, ordinary. Oct. or March. Propagateby division of old plantsin Oct. or March;, seeds sown outdoors in April. SPECIES CULTIVATED: B. salioifolium,yellow, June, 18 in., S. Europe; salioifolium grandiflorum, large-flowered variety; speoiosissimum {Syn. Telekia speciosissima), yellow, June, 3 ft.,Europe; speoiosum (Syn. Telekia speciosa),yellow, June, 5 ft.,Europe. Ord. Scitaminaceae. Stove herbaceous BurbidS^ai flowering 1879. perennial. First introduced CULTURE loam. tion, Posi: Compost, equal parts peat, leaf -mould, and Water large pots, tubs, or beds. Plant, March. freelyMarch to August, moderately other times. Propagate by division of roots in "
"
"
April. SPECIES
CULTIVATED
:
B.
nitida, orange
"
red,
summer,
3
ft., Borneo.
Stove flowering' (BufHehorn-wood). Ord. Eubiacese. shrub. Evergreen. Nat. Cape of Good Hope. CULTURE : Compost, equal parts peat, loam, leaf-mould, " sand. Water Pot, March. freely April to Sept., moderately other times. 55" to 60"; March to Sept. es'*to 75". ProTemp,, Sept. to March. shoots inserted in sandy peat under belVpagate by cuttings of young glass in temp. 75 in March, April,or May.
Burchellia
"
65
D
OABDENINO.
OF
ENGYOLOPJBDIA
to May, 3 ft. capensis, scarlet, March Bur See Bideus. Marigold. Burnet (Poterium Sanguisorba). See Poterium. See Bosa. Rose Burnet (Bosa spiuosi"sima)." Bush Burning (Dictamuus albus). See DictamuuB. Oak Burr (Querous macrocarpa)." See Quercus. Burser'S Saxifrage (Saxifragaburseriana). See Saxifraga. See Ocimum. Basil Bush (Ocimum miuimum). Clover Bush (Lespedezacapitata). See Lespedeza. Bush Honeysuckle (Diervillarosea). See DierviUa. See Buscus. Broom Butcher's (Buscus Alismaceae. Butomus Lily Grass). Ord. (Flowering Busb;
BPEOIES
OULTITATED
:
B.
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
aculeatus^. "
"
waterside
perennial. Pretty plant. Position, in shallow water on margins : Soil, ordinary. Plant, Oct. or March. Propagate by division ponds, lakes, etc.
Hardy
CULTUBE of of roots
in March
SPECIES
or
April. B.
CULTIVATED:
umhellatus,
rose,
2
summer,
to
ft., Europe
3
(Britain.) cissus. Nar-
See
Butter
"
Eggs
Butter
Bean
(Phaseolusvulgaris). See Phaseolus. See Bauunculus. Flovvrer. See Schizanthus. Iris. See Morsea. Orchid (Oneidium Papilio)."See Oucidium. " H. Orchis bifolia).See (Habenaria chlorantha
Buttercup." Butterfly Butterfly Butterfly Butterfly
(Narcissus incomparabilisplenns). "
"
"
"
"
Habeuaria. Pea. Butterfly Plant Butterfly Butterfly Tulip Butterfly-weed
"
See
Clitoria.
(Phalsenopsiaamabilis). See Phalsenopsis. (Calochortuslilacinus). See Calochortus. (Ascleplastuberosa). See Asclepias. Butter-weed (Erigeroucanadeusis)."See Erigeron. Butterwort (Pinguiculavulgaris)."^ee Pinguicula. Button Bush (Cephalauthus occidentalis).See Cephalanthus. Button Snake-root (Liatrispycnostachya). See Liatris. Buxus Ord. (Box-tree). Euphorbiacese. Hardy evergreen, ornamental-leaved shrubs. Nat. England, S. Europe. Leaves, green, "
"
"
"
"
"
golden,
silver
or
CULTUBE
banks;
:
choice
variegated.
Soil, ordinary. Position, open or shady, shrubberies or kinds lawns. Oct. on Plant, March, April, Sept.,
Propagate by cuttings of young shoots 3in. lofig inserted m shady border in Aug. or Sept.; division of old plants in Oct. or March; layering in Stent, or Oct. CULTUBE FOB EDGINGS: Dwarf Box used for (B. suffruticosa) this purpose.
Plant divisions with roots attached in shallow trench in March. Allow or Oct., Nov., to deep plants nearly touch each other, " to have their tips about 2 in. above soil soil. Press Trim plants April or Aug. Nursery yard of box will make firmly. three yards of edgfing. Cost, sixpenceper lineal yard. HEDGES: Trench soil 3ft. deep " 3ft. wide, add BOX decayed 6
in.
"
box 12 ins. high, 12 ins. apart in green in annually April or Aug. Cost of plants,per Sept. or Oct. 100, 25s. ; preparing site " planting,9d. per lineal yard. OULl'ITATED: B. balearioa, 8 ft., Baleario SPECIES Islands; japonioa, 8 ft., (golden leaved) semperfirens, 8 ft., Europe (Britain),etc., Japan; japonioa aurea manure,
plant ordinary Trim
66
ENCYCLOPEDIA
OF
GARDENING.
and
its numorous varieties, argentea (silver-leaTed) ; aurea worthiensis, myitifolia (mj-rtle-leaved),pyramidalis and edging box).
Byzantine
Crocus
Cabbagre." Cabbagre Cabbage Cabbag:e Cacalia." Cactus
See
See (Crocusiridiflorus)."
(Dutch
oi
Crocus.
Braasica.
Lettuce Palm Rose See
; hands(goldeu-leavedl
suflEruticosa
See
Lactuca.
(Sahal Palmetto)." See
(Rosa
See centifolia)."
Sabal. Rosa.
Kleinia.
pahlia
(DahliaJuarezi)."See Dahlia. ^Ord. Leguminosse. " stove Hardy deciduous shrubs. First introduced 1739. evergreen OP CULTURE HARDY SPECIES: Soil, ordinary. Position, sheltered shrubberies. Prune Plant, Oct. to Feb. warm, merely to in sandy soil in cold keep in good shape. Propagate by seeds sown frame time. at any OF CULTURE SPECIES two STOVE : Compost, partspeat or loam, silver half sand. one a Position, pots in light part leaf-mould, part Pot, Feb. or March. part of stove or outdoors during July " Aug. March afterwards. Water to Oct., freely, moderately Temp., March to Oct. 70" to 80"; Oct to March 55 to 65". Propagate by seeds sown in lightsandy soil in temp, of 75" to 85" in spring; cuttings of short shoots inserted singly in small pots filled with pure sand under young bell-glassin temp. 75" to 85" in summer. HARDT SPECIES 0. sepiara(Syn. 0. japonioa), yellow, spring, 6 to 8 ft., : 10 ft., S. America. Gilliesii (Syn. Poinciana Japan; Giiliesii), yellow, summer, C. pulcherrima SPECIES STOVE : (Syn. Poinciana pulcherrima), yellow and red, 10 to 15 ft.. Tropics. summer, Bread. See Eucephalartos. Caffre Caffre Butter Shrub (Combretum purpureum). See Combretum. Caffre Lily (Schizostylis coocinea). See Schizostylis. Nat. Cakile (Sea Rocket). Ord, Criiciferze. Hardy annual. Europe, M". America. CULTURE Position, open borders. : Soil, sandy. Propagate by 1-16 in. deep where seeds sown plantsare to flower in March or April. CULTIVATED SPECIES : O. maritima, lilao,June, 1 ft.,Britain. Aroideae. Ord. Stove deciduous Caladium. perennials. Orn. Tuberous-rooted. Leaves, foliage. First introduced 1773. Csesalpinia.
"
"
"
"
"
"
green, white, crimson, red, rose. CULTURE : Com'^ost,equal parts turfy loam, peat, leaf-mould, " silver sand. Position, well drained pots in shade. manure, decayed in Feb. Pot moderately firm in pots just large enough to take tubers to larger pots in April or transfer Water rately modeMarch; or May. Feb.
dry to
Nov.
75";
to
April " Sept.to
subtropicalbeds Feb.
or
freelyApril to Sept.; keep quite 80" ; Sept. to Nov. 65" used as an edging to the tubers in Propagate by dividing
Nov.
;
to Feb. Temp.. Feb. to Sept. 70" to C. Humboldtii Nov. to Feb. 55" to 65".
in
summer.
March.
CULTIVATED: 0. Hunboldtii (Syn. C. argyrites), 9 ins., Brazil; SPECIES bioolor, Chantinii, 18 in., bioolor piotnm, 18 in. j bicolor, 18 in., S. America:1 ft., Guayaquil; Sohomburgkii, 18 in., Brazil; rutescens, Brazil; marmoratum, Ttarieties more Brazil. A host of beautiful than generally grown the venosum, species will be found in trade lists. Calamintha (Calamint; Basil Thyme)." Ord. Labiatae. Hardy " herbaceous annuals perennials. Flowers, fragrant. rockeries " borders. CULTURE: Soil, ordinary- Position, sunny
67
d2
ENOYGLOP^DIA
Plant, Oct. in
to
April.
April; cuttings
roots
in Oct.
ANNUAL PERENNIAL
Calamus.
GARDENING.
OF
seeds sown in cold frame
Propagate by
of side shoots
1-16
in
in. deep
outdoors
spring; division
of
April.
or
SPECIES: SPECIES
(Basil Thyme), pnrple, July, 6 in.,England. grandiflora, purple, June, 1 ft., Europe.
0. Aoinos :
0.
Ord. Palmaceae. 1819. introduced
Stove
"
palms.
Orn. Evergreen. Leaves, large, finely-
Ht. 5 to 15 ft. foliage. First divided. " CULTURE: Compost, two parts turfy loam, one part leaf-mould drained in shade. Pot in sand. coarse Position, well firmly pots Water March. moderately Sept. to March, freelyafterwards. Temp., to Sept. 70" to 85". Propagate by Sept. to Mar. 60" to 65" ; March 1 in. deep in light soil,in temp. 80" in March; seeds sown by suckers soil of under inserted in small from light roots, bell-glass pots growing in temp 80". 0. CULTIVATED SPECIES asperrimus, Java ; australis, Australia ; caryo: ciliaris, Malaya; erectus, Himalayas; fiagellum, Himalayas; tioides, Australia; Guinea Muelleri, Australia ; oblongus, Java ; oxleyanus, Malaya ; Uegis, New ; Cochin China; subangulatus, Sumatra; tenuis, India; trinervis. East rudentum. Indies; Timinalis, India. Ord. Portulaceae. Calandrinia (Eock-Purslane). Hardy First introduced 1826. annuals, biennials, " perennials. CULTURE: Soil, light,moderately rich. Position, sunny rockery tor dwarf species;borders for tall species. Plant perennialsin April. boxes of light 1-16 in. deep in shallow Propagate annuals by seeds sown soil in temp. 55" to 60" in March, transplantseedlingsinto small pots in April, where seeds outdoors in April," plant out in June, or sow similar in heat to plants are to flower; biennials by seeds sown division of roots in April. annuals or : perennialsby seeds ANNUAL SPECIES 0. compressa, : Aug., 6 in.. Chili ; procumbens, rose, rose, Aug., 6 in., Peru; nitida, red, Aug., 6 in., Chili. SPECIES BIENNIAL umbellata, rose, July, 6 in.. Pern. : 0. 1 ft.. Chili; Meniiesii, PEEENNIAL SPECIES: 0. grandiflora, rosy-red, summer, 1 ft., California; 18 in., Chili. crimson, summer, discolor, rose, summer, "
Calanthe.
"
Ord.
Orchidaceae.
Warm
greenhouse
terrestrial
" evergreen. orchids. Deciduous First introduced 1819. two " CULTURE : Compost, parts loam, one part decayed manure, leaf-mould. Position, shady or partiallyshady, pots with a third of Pot loosely in March. Cover drainage in each. drainage with layer of moss " allow the rim of pot. compost to be well elevated above deciduous kinds freelyApril to Sept.,moderately Sept. to Jan.; Water kinds water keep quite dry afterwards; evergreen freelyat all times. 65" to to to March Jan. 60" to 70"; Jan. to 85"; Sept. Sept. Temp., 55" to 65". March Flowers in centre Resting period,winter. appear of new pleted. growth, or at base of pseudo-bulb,when growth is nearly comdivision of in March. by pseudo-bulbs Propagate OULTlVATEi): 2 ft., Oot., Malaya; SPECIES 0. ourcoli^oidoB, orange, Masuca, violet,winter, 3 ft., India; vestita,white, winter, 34 ft.,India. HYBRIDS; Dominii, lilac-purple,2 ft., Feb.; porphyrea, orimson, spring, 2 ft.; Veitohii rosea), rose, winter, S ft., and (Syn. Limatodes other numerous rare or little-grown forms. Calathea (Zebra Plant). Ord. Scitaminess. Stove plants. Orn. foliage. Leaves, green, rose, yellow, white, " olive on upper sides; "
rosy
purple beneath. : Compost, equal parts
CULTURE mould, "
sand. moderately firm.
coarse
Position, well drained Water
lumps of loam, peat, leafpots in shade. Pot, March,
freelyApril to Sept.,moderatelyafterwards! 68
MNCYOLOPJEDIA
Californian Cheilautlies. Californian
OAEDENINO.
OF
(Cheilanthea gracillima).
Fern
Lace Lilac
"
See integerrimua)."
(Ceanothus
Californian
May-bush
Californian
Mock
See
Ceanothus.
(Photiniaarbutifoha)."See Photinia. See Orange (CarpentariaCalifornica)."
Carpenteria. Californian Californian
crocea).
See
Torreya.
(Eschacholtziacalifornica
Poppy
See
Californian See
"
Orang^e
Eschscholtzia. Californian Pink See Eschacholtzia. "
(Torreya Californica).
Nutmeg:
californica rosea). (Eschacholtzia
Poppy
"
(Darlingtoniacalifornica)."
Pitcher-plant
Darlingtonia.
Californian
Poppy
(Platystemon
calif omicus)." See
Platy-
stemon.
Californian
Redwood
Californian
Silver
Californian
Soapwrort
(Sequoiasempervirens). See Sequoia. (Abies concolor)."See Abies. (Leucocrinum montanum)." See Leu"
Fir
cocrinum. Vine
Californian Californian Eschacholtzia. ^See
Calla
Hardy
(Vitiscalifornica)." See Vitis. Poppy (Eschscholtziacalifornica
White
Water (Bog Arum; Dragon; floatingwater perennial.
Marsh
Calla). Ord. "
alba).
Aroideae.
CULTURE : Soil, rich, boggy, or muddy. Position, moist bog or shallow or pond. Plant, March April. Propagate by insertingportions in boggy or of stems muddy soil where plants are required to grow. SPECIES OULTITATED also Riohardia.
:
paioatris,white,
C.
eummer,
6 in., N.
Hemisphere.
Lily (Bichardiaafricana). See Bichardia. Callicarpa (French Mulberry; Purple Mulberry)."
Calla
benacese.
See
"
plant. Orn. abundantly
Stove
deep violet,
borne
fruit. First introduced in axils of leaves ; Nov.
Ord.
1822. to
Ver-
Berries,
May.
little sand. into shape before potting. Water moderately Sept. to March, freelyafterwards. 55" to 65"; March 70" to 80" to Sept. Temp., Sept. to March gate Propaby cuttings of young shoots inserted in 2 in. pots of sandy soil in temp. 80 To ensure in March plenty of berries, keep the pointsof shoots frequently pinched off " all flowers removed until the end of CULTUEE
;
Compost,
equal parts peat
Pot, March.
Position, pots,sunny.
Prune
"
loam,
with
atraggly shoots
.
July. SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
CalliChroa."
CalliopsiS.
Calliphruria.
0.
See "
See
purpurea,
6
ft., China.
Layia. Coreopsis. Ord. Amaryllidacese.
Greenhouse, bulbous 1876. rooted perennial. First introduced CULTUEE : Compost, two parts sandy loam, one part leaf-mould, Position, well-drained pota, sunny. Pot, March, peat, " sand. placing one bulb 3 in. deep in a 5 in. pot. Water moderately March to Oct., very little afterwards. 50" Temp., Sept. to March to 55"; March to Sept. 55" to 65" Propagate by offsets placed in small pots in March. 0. hartnngiana, white, June, 1 ft.,Bogota. OULTITATED: SPECIES "
70
BNCYCLOPJEDIA Callirhoe
OF
(Poppy-Mallow). "
perennials.
First
CULTURE Oct. or in deep pans
introduced
Ord.
GARDENING. Malvaceae.
Hardy
annuals
"
1824.
Soil, ordinary. Position, open
Plant borders. nials peren1-16 in. Propagateannual speciesby seeds sown of light soil m temp. 55" to 65" in March, transplanting out-doors in May, or where seedlings plants are to flower in April; 1-16 in. deepoutdoors in April,or cuttingsof perennialsby seeds sown shoots inserted in sandy soil in cold frame in spring. young ANNUAL SPEOIBS: 0. pedata, cherry-red, summer, 2 ft., Texas; pedata oompaota, orimson, white eye. PERENNIAL SPEOIBS: 0. inyolocrata, orimson, Jnly, 6 in., N. America; aloseoides lineariloba,striped, July, 6 in., N. America; (Syn. 0. macrorhiza), 2 ft., summer. white and rose, CalliStemon house Tree)." Ord. Myrtaceae. Green(Bottle Brush 1788. First introduced floweringshrubs. evergreen CULTUEE: tion, PosiCompost, equal parts peat, loam, " silver sand. in pots, or in well-drained Pot beds at base of wall. or plant March or April. Prune shoots slightlyafter flowering. Water freely to Sept. 55" to Temp. March April to Sept.,moderately afterwards. 65" ; Sept. to March 40" to 50". Propagate by cuttings of firm shoots, in temp. 55" to 65" in sandy peat under 3 in. long, inserted bell-glass,
during
March.
summer.
SPEOIBS
OtJLTIVATED:
yellow, June, 6 10 ft.
:
Natives
lanoeolatns, orimson, June, 8 to 10 ft.; salingnns, speciosa), orimson, spring, 8 to (Syn. Metrosideros
0.
ft. ; speoiosus of Australia.
(China Aster). Ord. Compositse. Hardy annuals. First introduced 1731. CULTUEE Position, open, sunny, : Soil, rich liberallymanured. well drained. Sow seeds i in. deep in lightsoil in temp. 55" to 65" m March, transplantseedlingsin April 2 in. apart in shallow boxes or in bed of light soil in cold frame, plant out 6 to 12 in. apart in outdoor seeds same beds in May; or sow depth " soil in cold frame, or in pots in May. in April " plant outdoors in window Apply weak liquid To exhibition blooms " twice week secure manure a during July Aug. three four each off all flower or buds, except on plant directly pinch CalliStephus
"
they form. advised seeds as above. in April,into Sin. in May,
Transplant
three in June. pot " sand. Compost, equal parts loam, leaf-mould, decayed manure, week when flower buds once a Water are freely," apply liquidmanure be lifted Thin out latter to three on each plant. Plants formed. may from open ground in Aug. " placed in pots to flower if desired. 6 in. to 2 ft., SPEOIES OXTLTITATBD: 0. hortensis, various colours, summer, CULTUEE: seedlingsinto a
Sow
POT
Ohina.
Numerous
Calluna;
3 in.
(Ling; Heather). "
or
Ord.
Ericaceae.
Hardy
peat. Position, moist, open
Plant, Sept.,Oct., March, shrubbery margins. by division of plant in Oct. or April. SPECIES
Bin.
varieties.
floweringshrubs. CULTUEE : Soil, bog, or
"
or
evergreen
beds, borders,
April. Propagate
0. vulgaris, purple, spring,1 ft., Europe (Britain); vulgaris Alporti, orimson; vulgaris argentea, silvery leaved;
CTTLTITATBD:
vulgaris alba, white;
vulgaris aurea, golden-leaved. CalOChortMS (ButterflyTulip; Butterfly-weed; Star Tulip; plants. Nat. Mariposa Lily). Ord. Liliaceae. Half-hardy bulbous First introduced 1826. America. California " N.W. bed 12 in. deep with compost of equal OULTUEE FEAME : Prepare Plant bulbs 3 in. deep " 4 in. parts loam, peat, leaf-mould, " sand. "
71
GARDENING.
OF
ENCYCLOPEDIA
Keep lights on in frosty weather; ofE night " day in Lift " replant every three years. fair weather. Water in dry weather. Use POT CULTTJEE: same compost as advised for frame culture. Cover pots with Place a dozen bulbs 2 in. deep in a 5 in. pot in Nov. in Jan. ashes Belnove ashes in cold frame, " give no water. pots from till after " place in cool greenhouse near moderately glass. Water in Nov. it. Eepot annually flowering,then graduallywithhold apart in Nov.
to that bulbs in similar soil " manner OUTDOOR CULTURE : Plant at foot of be dry in winter, sunny, for frames. must advised Bed south wall. i in. deep in pans of sandy soil Propao;ate by seeds sown in temp. 45" to 55" in March, transplanting^ seedlings followingyear into small pots " treatingsimilar to old bulbs ; by offsets planted like bulbs in Nov. CULTIVATED: C. albns SPEOIBS (Syn. Oyolobotlira alba), whits, July, 1 ft.; Amoeims (Syn. Cyolobothra amGena), pink, July, 1 ft.; Benthamii, yellow, July, 8 in.; Ciomleue, lilac-bine,July, 6 in.; olavatns, yellow, July, 2i ft.; elegans, white, June, 9 in.; GunniGonii, white, July, 2 ft.; Howellii, white, July, 18 in.; Kennedyi, orange-red, July, 2i ft.; liltujinne,lilao, July, 9 in.; Intens, yellow, white, June, 6 in.; pnlohellus (Syn. Jnly, 1 ft.; Nuttallii (Syn. 0. Leitohlinii), Cyolobothra pulohella), yellow, July, 1 ft.; Purdyi, white, Jnly, 1 ft.; gplendens, A number of varieties will be lilao, July, 1 ft. ; venustus, white, July, 18 in. found in speoialists'lists. Greenhouse Calodendron (Cape Chestnut).Ord. Eutaceae. First introduced shrub. 1789. flowering Evergreen. tion, PosiCULTURE : (Compost,two parts loam, one part peat " sand. Water March. Pot " or tubs, sunny. moderately pots prune, 50" to 55"; to March Sept. to March, freelyafterwards. Temp., Seijt. March of shoots to Sept. 55" to 65". 3 in. long Propagate by cuttings in 60" inserted in sandy soil under in June or July. bell-glass temp. 10 ft., S. Africa. C. capense, SPECIES CULTIVATED: pink, summer, Ord. Calophaca. flowering Leguminosae. Hardy deciduous 1786. shrubs. First introduced CULTUEE : Soil, ordinary. Position, open shrubbery. Plant, Oct. to Feb. \ in. deep in Nov. or March ; by Propagate by seeds sown in March. laburnum graftingon common SPECIES CULTIVATED : 0. woolgarica, yellow, June, 3 ft., 8. Russia. baceous Caiopogfon Hardy her^GrassPink Orchis). Ord. Orchidaceae. orchid. First introduced 1791. CULTUEE Position,moist, sheltered rockery. Plant, : Soil, peaty. in equal parts peat " loam in pots March also be or April. May grown in cold frames or greenhouses. Propagate by offsets treated as old "
"
"
plants. OULTITATED:
SPECIES
purple, July, 18 in., N. CalOStemma."
0. America.
multiflorus, purple,
summer,
1
ft.;
pnlohellus,
^rd. Amaryllidaceae. Greenhouse flowering 1819. perennials. First introduced : Compost, two parts loam, one part peat " sand. Pot, Aug. Water to July, moderately Position, sunny greenhouse. freelyMarch July to Sept.,very little afterwards. Temp., Sept.to March 45" to 50"; to Sept. 55" to 65". March Propagate by offsets at potting time. bulbous CULTUEE
SPECIES
yellow, Nov.,
CULTIVATED: 0. album, 1 ft.,Australia; pnrpnreum,
white, May, 1 ft., N. Australia; lutenm, purple, Nov., 1 ft.,Australia; pnrpnrenm
pale purple. CalthanVlarsh Marigold; Goldiugs;Water Gowan; Double Marsh Marigold). Ord. Eanunculaceae. Hardy herbaceous perennials. CULTUEE : Soil,rich. Position, damp borders, or banks of ponds, lakes. streams or Plant, Oct. or March. division of Propagate oarneum,
"
by
roots in March
or
July. 73
ENCYCLOPEDIA
GAEDENING.
OF
leptosepala, SPECIES CULTIVATED: 0. biflora,wliite,May, 1 ft., N. America; America; Marigold), yellow, April, yellow. May, 1 ft., N.W. palustria (Marsh its Tarieties,alba 1 ft.,Britain; and (white). Acre pleno (double yellow), monstroea and nana (yellow, flore-pleno plena double); (dwarf). Clover Calvary (Medicago echinus). See Medicago. "
Calycanthus
(CarolinaAllspice).Ord. "
deciduous floweringshrubs. CTJLTUE.E : Compost, two Posilion,south or west walls,
Calycanthaceae.Hardy
one part loam " leaf-mould. sheltered shrubbery South of England. Plant, Oct. to March. i in. deep in lightsoil Propagate by seeds sown " Aug. in of shoots in cold frame, March July by layers ; 0. SPECIES CULTIVATED floridus, brownisb purple, fragrant, June, 6 ft., : occiStates; S. United purple. May, 6 ft.. United Statea; glaucus, brownish dentalis (Syn. C. maorophyllas), red, fragrant,Aug., 0 ft.,California. Asplenifolius, of C. floridus. forms OTatus and Tariegata are Hardy terrestrial Calypso (CalypsoOrchis). Ord. OrchidaceiB. 1820. orchid. First introduced CULTURE: Compost, two parts leaf-mould, one part fibry peat " or sand. bog. Plant, Oct. coarse Position,shady margins of rockwork treated old March. as or plantsat planting time. Propagate by offsets brown and CULTIVATED: yellow, Jan., 1 ft., C. borealis, rose, SPECIES N. Temperate Zone. ceous Hardy herbaCalystesia (Bind-weed). Ord. Convolvulaceoe.
parts peat, or
"
-
"
trailing" climbing perennials. the fleshy border where CULTUEE : Soil,ordinary. Position, sunny the garden. Plant, be confined and prevented spreading over roots can Oct. to March. Jin. deep in pots of sandy Propagate by seeds sown soil in temp. 55" in March, or similar depth in Apru where plants are to flower ; by division of roots in Oct. or March. Chinese CULTIVATED SPECIES (Syn. C. pubesoens fl. pi.).Double : 0. hederaoea and 6 ft., China (American J'apan; sepium incarnata Bindweed, rose, summer, Bindweed), rose, July, 6 ft.; sepium dahurica, rosy purple, July, 6 ft., Siberia; Soldanella),red, (Syn. ConTolvulus sylvatica,white, July, 6 ft., Europe; Soldanella Zone. June, 3 ft., Temperate Camassla (Bear Grass; Wild Hyacinth; Californiau Quamash). 1837. Ord. liiliaceae. Hardy bulbous plants. First introduced sand. CULTUEE: Compost, equal parts loam, leaf-mould, " coarse Plant bulbs 4 in. deep " 4 in. Position, sheltered beds or borders. Lift Top-dress annually with decayed manure. apart in Oct. or Feb. seeds sown four years. Jin. deep in " replant every Propagate by boxes of light soil in positionoutdoors in March, or Jin. deep sunny Feb. offsets in Oct. or in temp. 55" in Nov.; by CULTIVATED SPBOIBS : C. eaoulentea (Quamash),blue, July, 3 ft.,N.W. America ; (Wild Hyacinth), blue, June, 2 ft., Cusickii, blue, July, SJft.,California; Eraser! "
N.
America.
Ternstroemiaceae. (Japan Eose; Tea-plant)."Ord. First introduced shrubs. 1739. Greenhouse Evergreen. flowering " sand. tion, PosiCULTUEE : Compost,equal parts turfy loam, peat, in south sheltered tubs wall, or in greenhouse, against pots or in S. of England. Pot, March shrubberies outdoors or April. Plant to March. Water Oct. outdoors March, freely or moderately Sept. 50" to 55"; at pottingtime. Prune afterwards. Temp., Sept. to March outdoors of cinder 65". Place bed 55" to on to March plants Sept. stimulants week to March. to once a ashes July Aug. Sept. Apply " of clear soot Solution stimulants Suitable soot, : sheep droppings of buds Cause artificial " manures. water, or dropping, water, guano Propagate by seeds sown dry atmosphere " insufficient water at roots.
Camellia
Jin. deep
in
sandy
peat
in
temp. 73
75"
in
March;
by cuttings
of
firm
shoots
inserted
in
GAEDENING.
OF
UNOYCLOPMDIA well-drained
pots
of
house sandy peat in cool green-
to temp. 55" Aug., transferring pots small cuttings pota following Sept.; by layers of shoots
in
in
March
in
grafting in SPECIES
"
in
putting Sept.;
March.
CULTIVATED:
0.
japonioa, parent of the
numerous
cultivated
ties, varie-
red, spring, 15 to 20 ft., J apan ; japonica aneinonceflora, red ; reticulata, red, spring, 3 ft., China; Sasanqna, vrhite, spring, 8 to 10 ft., China; rosffiflora, rose, theitera Feb., 6 ft., China; (China Tea Plant), white. Ma;, S to 6 ft., China; theifera assamioa Tea Indian (Assam or plant).
Campanula
Bampion).
"
Ord.
CULTURE
OP
(Bellflower;Harebell; Canterbury Bell; Garden Oampanulaceae. Hardy annuals, biennials," perennials.
trailingspecieson sunny POT
or
shady.
tion, Soil, ordinary rich. Posirockeries; tall speciesbeds " borders,
PERENNIAL
SPECIES
sunny
Plant, Oct.
to
:
April.
CULTURE: Compost, equal parts leaf-mould, loam, " sand. Trailingkinds grow in small pots in hanging baskets. Repot them in March. Water moderately in winter, freelyother times. Tall kinds singly in 5 in. pots or three in a 7 in. pot. Sow seeds of these in grow in Aug. ; transplantseedlingssingly in 3 in. pots in Oct., cold frame into 5 in. in April,7 in. in May. Water moderately in winter, freely in summer. CULTURE ANNUAL SPECIES; Sow seeds in gentle heat in OF off in cold frame in into harden March, transplant seedlings boxes, borders in in June. " out early May plant sunny BIENNIAL SPECIES in April, CULTURE OP seeds outdoors : Sow when in. in. 1 6 June. Tfansplant seedlings high, apart in May, or in borders in flower " out to Oct. bed, plant followingyear. nursery seeds in shallow RAMPION: Sow drills 6 in. apart CULTURE OP Thin seedlings to 4 in. apart. Lift in shady border of rich soil in May. in Nov. Uses " store roots in frost-proof : place Young roots " leaves for winter salads ; large roots cook and eat like parsnips. 1-16 in. deep in sandy soil in temp. by seeds sown Propagate perennials of 55" in March or Aug. ; by cuttings young shoots in lightsoil in cold division of roots in Oct. or April. dichotoma, blue, July, 1 ft., Sioily; drabiefolia, bine, alba, white, Greece; erinoides, bine, July, 1 ft., S. July, 3 blue, July, 1 ft.,Portugal; Africa; Erinus, blue, July, 1 ft., 8. Europe; Losflingii, Loreyi, purple, June, 18 in., Italy; maorostyla, blue, July, IS in., Asia Uinor. G. Medium SPECIES: BIENNIAL (Canterbury Bell),blue, July, 3 ft.,S. Europe; several vrhite, rose, and purple single and double varieties. and 0. abietiana, blue, July, 1 ft., Europe; SPECIES: PERENNIAL alliarisefolia, AUioni, blue, July, 3 in., France; alpina, bine, yellow, June, 18 in., Caucasus; July, 6 in., Europe; balohiniana, blue, July, 6 in., hybrid; barbata, blue, June, 1 ft., Europe; betoniooefolia,blue. May, IS in., Mt. Olympus; bononiensis, bine, 6 in., Europe; csespitoaa alba, white; July, 2ift.,Europe; oeespitosa,blue, snmmer, 13 in., E. Europe; carpatioa alba, white; carpatica carpatica, blue, summer, turbinata, blue, 6 in.; ooUina, blue, July, 1 ft.,Caucasus; Elatinea, purple, smn3 in.. Piedmont; 3 in.. Piedmont; elatinoides,purple, summer, mer, fragalis(Syn. purple, Aug., 6 in., Italy; ganganioa, blue, June, 6 in., 0. Barrelieri), lilac and 18 in.,Europe Italy; glomerata, blue, summer, (Britain),and its varieties dahurica (deep blue) and flore-pleno(double, blue); grandis, violet blue, June, 2 ft.,Siberia, its variety alba and (white); Hondersonii, mauve, July to Sept., 1 ft., hybrid; isophylla, lilac blue, July, 3 to 6 in., Italy, and its varieties alba (white) and and Mayi (mauve); lactiflora,white blue, July, 3 ft., Caucasus; latifolia,blue, July, 4 to 6 ft., Britain, and its varieties alba (white), Burghalti (lilac) and Van Houttei violet,or creamy, (violet-blue) ; nobilis, reddish July, 2 ft. China nersioifolia, blue, June, 2 to 3 ft.,Europe, and its varieties alba (white), albo 'ooronata (white, semi-double), alba flore-pleno (double white), etc.; portenaohlairiana blue, June, 6 in., 8. Europe; nulla, violet blue, June, 6 in., Austria; pusila dark blue, July 4 in., Alps; and its varieties alba (white) and pallida (pale kue)frame
ANNUAL
in
Aug.
or
March;
SPECIES: 0. drabsefolia in., and
"
74
ENOYCLOPMDIA
GAItDENING.
OF
pyramidalis its (Chimney Bellflower),blue, July, 4 to 6 ft., Dalmatia and Tariety alba (white); Bainieril, blue, .Tune, 3 ia., Alps; xapanouloides, bluish Tiolet,June, 3 ft., Alps; Bapnnoulus (Eampion), purple, bine or white, June, 3 ft., Europe (Britain); rotnndifolia 8 to 12 in., Britain, and (Harebell), blue, summer, its varieties alba (white) and Hostii (blue); Traohelium, blue, July, 3 ft., Europe, and its varieties alba (white), alba plena (doable white) and flore pleno (double blue); Warleyi, purple, July, 6 In., a hybrid. Camperdown Elm Weeping: var. (Ulmua montana pendula). See Ulmus. "
Campernelle Campion.
(Narcissusodorus). See Narcissus. Lychnis. (Gaultheriaprocumbens). See Gaultheria. Columbine (Aquilegia canadensis)."See "
See
"
Canada Canadian
Tea
"
Aqui-
legia. Canadian Canadian
Flea-bane
(Krigeron canadensis). See Erigerou. (Solidagocanadensis)."See Solidago. Canadian Lily (Lilium canadensis). See Lilium. Canadian Yevtr-tree (Taxus canadensis). See Taxus. Island Canarina Ord. Campanulaceae. (Canary Bellflower)." First introduced 1696. Greenhouse herbaceous perennial. CULTTJBE : Compost,equal parts loam, leaf-mould, decayed manure " silver sand. tial. Position, pots. Pot, Feb.; good drainage very essento March to Water Nov., very Aug., moderatelyAug. liberally to Sept.55" little afterwards. Temp., Sept.to Feb. 45" to 55"; March to 65". Propagate by cuttings of young shoots inserted in sandy soil in temp. 65" in March or April; division of roots in Feb. Golden
"
Rod
"
"
SPEOIES
CULTIVATED:
Canary Canary Canary
0.
Creeper Grass
campanulata,
Jan., 4 ft., Canary
orange,
aduncum). (Tropaeolum
"
(Phalans canariensis).See "
Bell-flower
Island
(Canarina
Islands.
See Tropseolum. Phalaris. campanulata). See "
Canarina.
(BrnnsvigiaJosephinse).
Candelabra-flower
"
See
Brups-
vigia. Myrtle
Candle-berry
Bells
Candlemas Candle
Plant
See
"
(Galanthus nivalis). See "
Myrica. Galanthus.
(Kleiniaarticulata). See Kleinia. (JEthionema saxatile).See .^thionema. "
Mustard Candy Candytuft. "
Canna
(MyricaGale).
"
See
Iberis.
(Indian Shot-plant). Ord. "
Scitamineae.
Stove
herbaceous
plants. First introduced, 1570. CULTUBE INDOOR : Compost, equal parts loam, decayed manure, in sunny sand. " greenhouse. Pot, March. Position,pots leaf-mould, little afterwards. to March Oct., Water Temp., Sept. to freely very to Sept. 65" to 85". 40" to 50"; March March Apply weak liquid in to week twice growth. a once or plants healthy manure in temp. 55" roots in pots in March CULTURE : Place OUTDOOR " 55" end outdoors of into Remove April 60". plant to temp. pots in them boxes filled with in roots Lift June. in Sept., place early in " store latter frost-proof dry, nearly soil,keep position ordinary
Propagate by seeds steeped for 24 hours in tepid in. then sown deep in lightsoil in temp. 85" in Feb. ; division i water, It will facilitate germination if a slightnotch time. at of roots potting before seed the in sowing. be filed 6 ft., W. Indies. red, summer, C. indioa, yellow and CULTIVATED : SPECIES beautiful varieties grown in gardens. This species is the parent of the numerous till
Bee
potting time.
trade
lists for
names.
75
ENOYCLOPMDIA
GARDENING.
OF
Hardy Cannabis (Indian or Giant Hemp)." Ord. TJrticaceae. annuals. Orn. foliage. borders. GULTTJEE Propagate Position, sunny : Soil, ordinary. seeds sown plants are to grow, in April, Jin. deep outdoors, where in temp. 55" in March, transplantingseedlings in June. or SPECIES OULTIVATBD: 0. eativa, green, June, i to 10 ft., India. Bells Canterbury (Campanula medium). See Campanula. Greenhouse Cantua (Peruvian Magic-tree). Ord. Polemoniaceae.
hj
"
"
floweringshrubs. evergreen GULTTJEE : Compost, two sand. Position, pots,sunny
First
introduced
1846.
leaf-mould " Water rately modegreenhouse. to Sept. Temp., Sept. to March Sept. to March, freelyMarch 40" to 50"; March to Sept. 50" to 60". Propagate by cuttings of shoots in silver in temp. 50" to 55", under sand insprted hell-glasses pure
May
to
part
one
Pot, March.
Aug.
SPECIES
folia,
parts turfy loam,
rose.
Cape Cape Cape
CULTIVATED: 0. bioolor, yellow and S ft., Pern. May,
Aloe Aster
red, May,
ft.,Bolivia; buii-
4
(Aloe ferox)."See
Aloe. See (Agathseaccelestis).
Agathaea. (Sutherlandia frutescens). "
Bladder
Senna
"
See
Sutherlandia.
Cape
Chestnut
(Calodendron capeusis). See Galodendron. (Lachenaliatricolor).See Lachenalia. Crocus See Gethyllis. (Gethyllisspiralis)." Fig-wort (Phygelins capeusis). See Phygelius. Forget-me-not (Anchusa capensis). See Anchusa. Gooseberry peruviana)."See Physalis. (Physalis Honey-flOVtfer (Melianthus major). See Melianthus. Honeysuckle (Tecoma capensis). See Tecoma. Ivy (Seneciomacroglossus). See Senecio. Jasmine See Gardenia. (Gardenia florida)." Lead-wort (Plumbago capensis). See Plumbago. Lily (Crinum longifolium). See Crinum. Pond-weed (Aponogeton distachyon). See Aponogeton. Primrose." See Streptocarpus. Silver-tree (Leucadendron argenteum). See Leucaden-
Cape
"
Cowslip
Cape Cape Cape Cape Cape Cape Cape Cape Cape Cape Cape Cape Cape
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
dron. See Heliophila. Stoclc." Cape Treasure-flovwer Cape (Gazania pavonia)."See Gazania. Busll Caper (Capparisspinosa). See Capparis. See Euphorbia. Spurge Caper (Euphorbia lathyris)." Capparis (Caper-tree). Ord. CapparidacesB. Half-hardy evergreen "
"
shrubs. CULTUEE
First
introduced
1596.
Compost, two parts turfy loam, one part leaf-mould " sand. Position, pots in sunny greenhouse. Pot, March ; good drainage essential. Plant outdoors Water Sept. to Nov. moderately in pots Sept. to March, freelyafterwards. Temp., Sept.to March 45" to 55"; March to Sept. 55" to 65. May be grown outdoors in sheltered position Propagate by cuttingsof firm shoots in sand under in,S. of England. bell-glassesin temp. 65" to 75", July or Aug :
CULTIVATED:
SPEOIBS
yields the
oapers
Capsicum ceae.
Hothouse
Fruit, round,
of
0.
spinosa. white,
commerce.
Jnnefsft.. S.
Enropc. '^
This
=
species vi
(Cayenne Pepper; Chilli; Bed Pepper)." Ord. Solanaaruual or shrubby plants, First introduced 1548. long,
red
"
yellow. 76
CULTURE: March or
plants
seeds
Propagate by
required
are
SPECIES
Position,
Stoil,ordinary.
April.
GARDENING.
OF
EN070L0PMDIA
Plant, dryish border. Jin. deep in April where
open
sown
to grow.
CtTLTIVATED:
0.
white, June, 18 in,, S. Europe. Carludovica.. Ord. First introduced perennials. "
aoanlis, white,
9
June,
Leaves,
acanthifolia,
ornamental-leaved
Stove
Cyclanthacese. 1818.
in., Europe;
green,
divided, palm-like.
tion, PosiCompost two parts peat, one part sandy loam. Water moist, shady. moderately Nov. to March, Pot, March. to Sept. freely afterwards. Temp., Sept. to March 55" to 65"; March time. 65" to 75". at of division potting Propagate by plant CULTURE
:
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
0.
Drudei,
angiistifolia (Syn. C.
ft., Colombia;
4
Plumeri), 2 ft,, Peru. Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus). See Dianthus. Carnation Poppy (Papaver somniferum). ^See Papaver. Carniola Lily (Lilium camiolicum). See Lilium. Carob Tree (Ceratonia siliqua).See Ceratonia. Carolina See Allspice," Calycanthus, Carolina Pink (Spigeliamarilandica),"See Spigelia. Carolina Poplar (Populus monilifera)."See Populug. panula. See CamBell-flower Carpathian (Campanula carpatica)." "
"
"
"
Carpathian cojum. Carpenteria
Snowflake
(Leucojum carpaticum)."See
(Californian Mock
Leu-
Ord, Saxifragacese. 1880. introduced sheltered bery Position, positionin shrubsouth wall. or Oct. Nov. Prune shoots or Plant, against away that have flowered blossoms fade. directly Propagate by cuttingsof in shoots inserted frame in cold from April; suckers removed young in autumn; roots shoots in Sept. lawyering SPECIES CULTIVATED: 0. oalifornioa, white, fragrant, June, i ft,, California, Carpenter's-Leaf (Galax aphylla)."See Galax Plant Carpet (lonopsidiumacaule). See lonopsidium. Ord. Carpinus (Hornbeam). Cupuliferse. Hardy deciduous
Hardy deciduous floweringshrub. CULTURE : Soil,lightloamy.
Orange).
"
First
"
"
foliage. Soil, ordinary; not adapted
Orn,
trees.
CULTURE:
chalky soils. Position, March, Native Plant, Oct, species(C. Betulus) open, exposed. makes good hedge. Plant three-year old seedlings3 ft. apart for this " prune shoots in closelyevery autumn. Cost of plants,5s. purpose, site and planting per lineal yard, 9d.; trimming, per 100; preparing chain. 4d. per in lin, deep in autumn Propagate by seeds sown ordinary soil outdoors. Transplant seedlings when a year old 2 ft. of seeds in a pound, 14,000, Number apart each way. Weights of a of seeds, 401b, bushel 351b. Quantity of seeds to sow an acre, reaches Timber maturity at 40 years. Average price per cubic foot, for
to
2s,
Uses
:
Sawmill
rollers
and
skittle
pins.
SPECIES CULTIVATED: 0. Betulus (Hornbeam). SO its varieties aaplenifolia, inoisa (out-leaved), pendula
(golden-leaved) and Hornbeam, orientalis, 10
Carrion Carrot,"
20
variegata (variegated) ; ft., N,
America; ft., S, Europe. Flower." See See Daucus.
Carthamus
ft., Europe (Britain), and (weeping), aureo-variegata
oaroliniana can (Syn. 0. amerioana), Amerijaponioa (Japanese Hornbeam), 15 ft Japan;
Stapelia.
(DistaffThistle; Safflower). "
Hardy
annuals.
First introduced
1551. 78
Ord,
Compositse.
ENCYCLOPMDIA CULTUEE
by
OTP
GARDENING.
Soil, ordinary.
border. Position, sunny J in. deep in lightsoil in temp. 65" in March, seedlingswhere they are to flower in May. :
seeds
sown
SPECIES
July,
OULTITATED:
3 ft. ;
0.
tinotorius,orange,
Cartwheel Carum
Propagate
ing transplant-
lanatus, yellow, July, 2 ft.; Oxyacantha, yellow, June, 3 ft. All natiyes of Europe.
Flower
(Heracleum fillosum). See Heracleum. (Parsley; Caraway). Ord. Umbelliferse. Hardy biennial culinary herbs " aromatic plants. Caraway seeds used seed-bearing for confectionarypurposes; duced Parsley for garnishing,etc. First intro"
"
1548.
CULTUEE
OP
PARSLEY
:
Position, partiallyshady;
as
Soil, ordinary, deep, rich, moist. to borders, or in rows. Sow in
edgings
Feb., May, and
July in drills Jin. deep " 12 in. apart. Thin seedlings high to Sin. apart, " later on to 8 in. apart. Thinnings be replanted to form bed if desired. When leaves become a fresh may them cut all off to induce fresh growth. beds every Eenew coarse second S'uitable artificial manures, 2^ oz. superphosphate per year. yard before sowing; 2J oz. nitrate of soda forked in when the square plantsare thinned; loz. superphosphate, ^oz. nitrate of soda, Joz. in summer. Seed retains iron sulphate,to a gallon of water, applied its vegetativepower 3 years. 50 ft. long, Quantity required for a row when
lin.
loz.
Mabket "
crop, under. as
Soil, sandy loam.
Cuivture: in
July for
Seeds to sow winter Cut over apart. Market leaves to form. handful. Average good CULTUEE CAEAWAY OF winter. Sow seeds roll land after sowing. close by sheep in autumn. in sacks Market once. 15
to 20
in April for a summer Sow Drill in 1 in. deep ; rows 15 in. 121b. well thin " to an 6 in. hoed, Keep acre, in to " check induce new Sept. flowering, crop dozen the each bunch bunches, by being a doz. 2s. to 3s. bunches, price per well manured the pre: Soil, deep loam, vious 1 in. deep in drills 18 in. apart in April. Well Have the growth eaten down Keep well hoed. Harvest in July, " thresh out seeds at crop of three bushels. Average yield per acre,
winter
and
spring.
cwt.
Petroselinum (Parsley), yellow, summer, 1 to 2 ft., pinkish white, July, 30 in., Europe. trees. Carya (Hickory). Ord. Juglandaceae. Hardy deciduous Full 1629. trees bear edible nuts First introduced similar to grown walnuts. SPECIES
Sardinia;
CULTIVATED: Carvi (Caraway),
C.
"
CULTUEE:
Soil,
ordinary.
Position, shrubberies, woods,
or
as
in parks. Plant, Oct. to March. Prune, singlespecimens out Nov., thinning unsightlybranches only. Propagateby nuts sown trees 2 in. deep where are required to grow, in Nov. CULTIVATED: C. alba SPECIES (Shell-bark Hickory), 30 ft., N. America; amara (BitterNut), 30 to dO ft., N. America. Verbenaceae. HalfCaryopterls (Moustache plant). Ord. 1814. hardy shrubby perennial. First introduced CULTUEE : Compost, two parts loam, one part leaf -mould " a little of a at foot sand. Position, pots in cool greenhouse, or in border Pot wall outdoors. or sheltered freely plant April. Water warm, in spring " summer, Propagate by seeds sown moderately in winter. shoots or in lightsoil in temp. 55" in spring; cuttings of the young or division of roots in March April. and blue, autumn, 3 to 4 ft.,China C. Mastaoanthus, CULTIVATED: SPECIES Japan. 79 on
lawns
"
"
GARDENING.
OF
ENGYGLOPMDIA
(East Indian Wine Palm ; Toddy Palm)." Ord. Palmaceae. 1788. Orn. foliage. First introduced sand. " coarse leaf-mould, CULTURE: loam, equal Compost, parts to Water freely March Pot, March. Position, pots, moist, shady. 55" to March 65"; to afterwards. Nov., Sept. Temp., moderately 1 in, deep in light March to Sept. 65" to 85". Propagate by seeds sown Caryota Stove palms.
soil in temp. small
pots,
SPBOIES
85"
any
in March; time.
CULTIVATED: 30 to urens,
Malaya; Cashmere
Cashmere
Cashmere Cassandra. First introduced
O. 40
suckers elegans,
from
removed
8
to
roots, inserted mitis,
ft., Tropics;
10
to
25
ft.,
ft,, Trop. Asia.
Larkspur
(Delphinium cashmerianum).
Primrose
(Primula denticulata). "
Sage
(Salvia hians). "
Ord.
"
20
in
Ericaceae.
Hardy
See
See
"
phinium. Del-
See Primula.
Salvia.
evergreen
floweringshruhs.
1748.
OUTDOOR CULTURE sand. Position, open
:
Soil, equal parts peat, leaf-mould,
silver
or
sheltered Plant, borders, rockeries, or bogs. to March. Prune shoots Nov., or Sept. straggling only moderately after flowering. Water freelyin dry positionsduring summer. POT CULTURE: Soil,"equal parts peat, leaf -mould, " fine silver sand. Position, well-drained pots in cold greenhouse,Nov. to June ; in Water June to Nov. Pot, Oct. to Nov. outdoors, shady position Nov. afterwards. to March, freely Propagate by seeds moderately, 1-16 in. deep in sandy peat in cold frame, Nov. March sown or ; layering shoots in Sept. ; division of plants,Oct. or Nov. SPECIES CULTIVATED: 0. oalyoulata (Syn. Andromeda calycniata), white, spring, 3 ft., N. America. Cassia (Senna plant)."Ord. Leguminosae. Greenhouse evergreen shrubs and hardy perennials. First introduced 1723. CULTURE OP GREENHOUSE SPECIES : Compost, two parts loam, in " sand. Position, pots one greenhouse, or well-drained part peat border Plant outdoors Pot, March. against south wall. April. Water Prune moderately Nov. to Feb., freelyafterwards. straggling shoots to within 2 in. of base in Dec. or Jan. Temp., Sept. to Mar(" 50" to 55" ; March to Sept. 55" to 65". HARDY CULTURE OF SPECIES : drained. Soil, ordinary well borders. or Position, sunny Plant, March April. Protect in winter of leaves or ashes. with covering \ in. deep Propagateby seeds sown in lightsoil in temp. 75" in March ; cuttings of previous year's shoots inserted in sandy soil under ceous bell-glassin temp. 80" in March; herbaspeciesby division in March. 0. oorymbosa, GREENHOUSE SPECIES: 6 to 10 ft., Buenos yellow, summer, Ayres. SPECIES: C. marylandica, yellow, Sept., 3 ft., N. America. There worth species, but above are the only ones growing. Cassinia (Golden Bush).- Ord. Compositse. Hardy evergreen and ornamental-leaved shrub. flowering CULTURE : Soil,ordinary. Position, sunny, dryish borders. Plant
HAHDT other
ai'e
"
Propagate by cuttingsof
in autumn.
soil in cold SPECIES
tinted,
N.
in
frame
CULTIVATED: America.
Cassiope. First introduced CULTURE:
"
Ord.
young
shoots
inserted
in
sandy
summer.
C.
fuWida, white,
Ericacese.
Hardy
summer,
3 to
evergreen
4
ft., leaves
flowerino-
Position, moist, 80
shrubs.
"
1798.
Soil, sandy peat.
golden
shady
beds
or
ENCYOLOPMDIA borders. SPECIES Bypnoides,
OiP
Plant, Sept. to April. CULTIVATED:
O.
GAEDENIN'G:
Propagate by layering shoots
in
fastiffiata, white.
"C. May, 9 in., Himalayas; Hegfionsi tetragona, w4iite,Maroh, '""' "*'"*"' JMgions. (under generic name of Androm'eda. Formerly knows "k Castanea (Sweet or SpanishChestnut)."Ord. Corylaceae.Hardy deciduous trees. Bears edible nuts, which be separated from should the husks when latter fall in autumn, then be thoroughly dried in the sun or warm and stored in air-tight oven, jars or boxes in a cool, dry place. Young trees much as coppice wood for game shelter. grown Probably introduced to Britain by Romans. CUIiTCTRE : Soil, deep, rich, dry, " sandy. Position, open, sunny. Plant, Oct. to Feb. Propagate by sowing nuts 3 in. deep " 6 in. apart in open garden in Nov. or Feb, Transplant seedlingswhen a year old. Distance " 5 ft. apart ior underwood. apart to plant,25 ft, for avenues Timber most valuable in a young state ; brittle when old. One bushel of seed will yield 3,000 plants. of seeds in a Number pound, 115. white
and
red, June,
8
in., Arctic
Weight of bushel of seed, 581b. an Quantity of seeds to sow acre, 6001b. Timber Average price of timber per cubic foot. Is. 3d. reaches maturity at 50 years. Uses : Bafters Average life,500 years. in churches, cabinet work, post and rail fencing,rustic work, SPECIES CULTIVATED: O. eatiya, 50 to 60 ft., S. Europe, N. Africa, etc.; and its varieties, aureo-marginatus (golden-edged), and lieterophylla diesecta (cutleaved).
CastanopsiS Hardy deciduous
Ord. (Golden-leaved Chestnut). Cupuliferae. ornamental-leaved tree. CULTURE loam : Position, lawns or Soil, sandy or well-drained mixed shrubberies. Oct. March. to Plant, Propagate as advised for Sweet Chestnut. SPECIES CULTIVATED: O. ohrysophylla chryeophylla), N. (Syn. Castanea "
.
America.
Castilleja (Painted'Cup). Ord. Scrophularinese, Half-hardy perennials. Plants with showy bracts. CULTURE : Compost, two parts ^eat, one part of equal proportions "
of loam,
leaf-mould, " sand.
in April. Protect to 65^ in March,
Position, sunny
in winter.
Propagate by
sheltered seeds sown
Plant borders. in temp. 55"
off seedlings in cold frame. SPECIES CULTIVATED: C. ooooinea, yellow and scarlet,July, 1 ft.; animata, 2 ft.; pallida, wMte, 1 ft., N. America. yellow, summer, Castor See Ricinus. Oil Plant (Ricinuscommunis^," Catalpa (Indian Beau). Ord. Bignoniacese. Hardy deciduous First introduced trees. 1726. floweringand ornamental-leaved CULTURE Position, sunny, sheltered lawns. : Soil, ordinary,good. Plant, Oct. to April. Propagate by cuttingsof firm shoots inserted in sandy soil under bell-glassin temp. 55" to 65" in summer. SPECIES CULTIVATED: C. bignonioides (Indian Bean), white, spotted purple and yellow, July, 20 to 30 ft..United States, and its variety aurea (golden-leaved); cordifolia,white, June, 20 to 30 ft., United States; Ksempferi, yellowjspotted red, July, 20 ft.,Japan. Catananche (Blue Cupidone; Blue Succory). Ord. Compositae. First introduced annuals. Flowers 1596. and Hardy perennials may decoration. Gather when be cut and dried for winter fully developed. borders. Position, warm CULTURE Plant, April. : Soil, ordinary. in. in soil in temp. 55" in March, seeds sown J Propagate by deep light transplantingseedlings outdoors m June. C. cserulea, blue, aj ft., July and CULTIVATED: Aug., S. Europe; SPECIES and blue ; lutea, yellow, June, 1 ft., S. Europe. Last named oserulea bioolor, white
hardening
"
"
is
an
annual.
81
ENGYOLOPJSDIA
Catasetum. introduced 1822. CULTTJBE
Orchidaceae.
Ord.
"
GARDENING.
OF
Position, pots
Compost, good Bbry peat.
:
First
orchids.
deciduous
Stove
hanging
or
drained. Water growth begins freely from time new to Sept. times. until leaves fall off, very little other Temp., March 65" to 85"; Sept. to March 60" to 70". Besting period,winter. Flowers of new at base gate pseudo-bulb when growth is finishing.Propaappear by division of plant at potting time. SPECIES and OULTITATBD: 0. atratum,yellow, white parple, July, Brazil; and zuela; Bungerothii, white, spriDCf, Venezuela; callosum, brown yellow, June, Veneohrietyanum, red, brown, and green, spring, Trop. America; macrocarpum, and brown and purple, spring, Trop. America; maculatum, purple, Sept., green Guatemala; saooatum, purple and yellow, March, Colombia; splendens, white and There yellow, spring, Venezuela. are others, but above are the best. Catch-fly (Silenependula)."See Silene. Cat Chop (Mesembryanthemum felinum). See Mesembryanthe-
baskets,
well
"
mum.
Catesbsea Ord. Kubiacese. Stove (LilyThorn). evergreen floweringshrubs. CULTURE " peat, " a little sand. : Compost, equal parts loam tion, Posiwell-drained Water pots " plenty of light. Pot in March. to Sept., moderately afterwards. freely March Temp., 55" to 65" Oct. to March, 75" to 85" afterwards. Propagate by cuttingsinserted in sand under bell-glassin a temp, of 75" in spring. "
SPECIES
CULTIVATED."
Cathcartia
S. spinosa,
yellow. May,
10
Ord.
(Cathcart's Poppy).
ft., W.
Indies.
Papaveraceae.
Hardy perennial. First introduced 1850. Soil, ordinary, dryish. Position,sunny, well-drained Jin. deep in sandy soil in cold rockery. Propagate by seeds sown framein July,transplantingseedlingsinto small pots in Aug., keeping in cold frame them till planting time. "
herbaceous CULTURE:
SPECIES
CULTIVATED
villosa,yellow, June, 1 ft.,Himalayas. See Nepeta. (Teucrium marum)." See Teucrium. (Antennaria tomentosa). See Antennaria.
Cat-Mint
:
"
Cat-Thyme Cat's
Ear
Cat's
Valerian
"
Cattleya. introduced CULTURE
O.
(Nepeta Glechoma).
Ord.
"
See Valeriana. (Valeriana officinalis)." Stove orchids. Evergreen.
Orchidaceae.
First
1815.
Compost,
:
livingsphagnum
two
parts
fibrypeat,one
coarse
part chopped
charcoal, " sand. Position, well-drained Pot, Feb. or March. hanging baskets, blocks. Keep plants well rim
of
pot. Nov.
to
Aug.
freelyin
moss,
Water
"
Feb.
three to
times
March;
weekly
March to Aug.; once weekly month other times. Syringe to Sept. 65" to 85" ; Sept.to March 60" Flowers at top of new appear once
a
Temp., March Resting period,winter. directlygrowth is completed. Propagate by division summer.
to 70".
pots, above
growth
of
pseudo-bulbs at
pottingtime. CULTIVATED:
SPECIES
0.
AolandiK, yellow, g purple, summer, in., British Honduras; oitrma, purple Nov., 2 ft., Brazil; guttata, yellow and 1 tt., Brazil; labiata, mauve, spring, purple and bioolor, purple, Oct., 12
Brazil;
crimson
and
and green purple. May ft., Brazil; bowrineiana yoUow, April, 4 in.
intermedia, purple yellow, autumn, 1
6
in rosy-
M'eiioo-
and ft
white Brazil-
liWata 'dowlana l^n"w''^r"l"?,;,.''l;^r;,"M''"nM ^"^"^Costarh-^ ""," p"I""mbia; and yellow, crimson gold, Oct., 1 ft. nRioa;
and
yellow, 12
summer, 1
1 ft., Brazi summer, ; abiata in., Venezuela ;
abiata
Eldorado,
luddemanniana, purple. Vose. and
ft., Venezuela; labiata Mendel white, , Polombii^i l"bi*ta Mcssiss, white, rose, purple and mer,
labiata
gaskelliana,purple and
82
veilow yellow. May, 1 ft
rose
and
lilac
orange
whit^
yellow"
yellow
M"i
ia
sum
i^
"' Venezuela
BNOTOLOPMDIA
QAttDtJNlNO.
OP
labiata
peroiTaliana, lilao,rose, purple and yellow, Jan., 1 ft., Venezuela; labiata Sohroderoe, lilao and orange, March, 1 ft.,Colombia; labiata Trianse, white, rose, P"rple, and yellow, Feb., 1 ft., Colombia; labiata purple and Warneri, rose, ypHow, June, 1 ft., Bahia; labiata Warscewiozii, crimson, purple and yellow, ''"l""i'''*;lawrenoiana, rosy purple, MaToh, Guiana; 10 in., British ""' jj' T Loddigesii, rosy lilao and purple, Aug., 18 in., Brazil; maxima, and rose purple. Not., 1 ft.,Peru; Eex, white, purple and gold, Aug., 1 ft.; schilleriana,yellow, rose and purple. May, 6 in.,Bahia; Skinneri, rose, purple, and white. May 10 in., Mexico; superba, rose, purple, crimson, and yellow, July, 10 in., Brazil; walkeriana, lilao,purple and white, Deo., Brazil. Also of Hybrids. a number Caucasian Comfrey phytum. (Symphytum caucasicum)."See Sym-
Caucasian Caucasian
Lily (Lilium monadelphum)." See Lilium. Primrose (Primula amoena)." See Primula. Scarlet Poppy (Papaver umbroaum).
Caucasian
See
"
Papaver. Cauliflower."
See
Brassica.
Caulophyllum
Cohosh)." (Pappoose-root ; Squaw-root; Blue Berberidacese. First duced introtuberous-rooted Hardy perennial. 1755. CULTURE: Soil, ordinary. Position, chady. Plant, Nov. gate Propato Nov. by division of roots March SPECIES CULTIVATED: 0. thaliotroides, yellow, April, succeeded by blue berries in autumn, N. America. Cayenne Pepper (Capsicum annuum). See Capsicum. Plant Cayenne Pepper sicum. (Capsicum minimum). See Cap-
Ord.
"
"
CeanothUS
(Mountain
Tea-plant). Ord. "
Californiau
Sweet;
Ehamuacsse. 1713.
Hardy
"
Lilac; New
Jersey
half-hardyfloweringshrubs.
First introduced CULTURE : Soil, light,ordinary.Position, against south or west walls or fences outdoors; in pots in cool greenhouse. Plant, Oct. to shoots away March. weak Prune Water Pot, Oct. entirelyin March. moderately in pots in winter, freelyin summer. Propagate by cuttings 3 in. long inserted in pots of sandy soil in cold frame, cool greenhouse in in Oct.; layering strong shoots in Sept., Oct., " Nov.; seeds sown heat
in spring.
CULTIVATED 0. americanus (New Jersey Tea), white, July, 5 ft., : americanus blue, July, 8 to America; variegatus, leaves edged yellow; azureus, 10 ft., Mexico; dentatus, blue. May, 10 ft.,California; divaricatus, blue, July, 4 ft., California; rigidus, blue, July, 4 ft., papillosus, blue, June, 3 ft., California; California; veitchianns, blue, June, 10 ft., California; thyrsiflora (California Lilao),blue, July, 9 ft., California. SPECIES
E.
Cedar. Cedar Cedrela
See Cedrus.
"
of
Lebanon (Cedrus Libani). (Bastard Cedar). Ord. Meliaceas. "
"
tree.
on
CULTURE lawns
: or
Handsome '
"
Cedrus. deciduous
Hardy
namental-lea or-
habit.
Soil, good ordinary,
in shrubberies.
See
drained.
well
Plant
iu
Position, sheltered
autumn.
Propagate by
root
flavescens), white
and
cuttings. SPECIES
CULTIVATED
pink, June, 30 Ciedronella
to
SO
:
sinensis
(Balm
of
Gilead). Ord.
baceousperennials" shrubs. CULTURE:
Ailanthus
C.
(Syn.
tt., China.
Compost,
two
Labiatae. 1697. First introduced "
parts sandy loam,
one
Half-hardy
her-
Leaves fragrant. " part leaf-mould
sand. Position, pots in sunny greenhouse. Temp., Sept. Pot, March. Water to Sept. 55" to 65". moderately 50" to March to 55"; March be grown other times. C. triphyllamay " winter, freely in autumn in soil S. of wall in England. south Propagate of dryish perenat base 83
nial
GARDENING.
OF
MNCYOLOPJEDIA
division of roots in March ; shrubby speciesby cuttings March, in shoots inserted in pots of sandy soil in temp. 75
speciesby
of young
April, or May.
.
C.
SPECIES:
PBllBNNIAL
SHRUBBY
SPECIES
:
C.
triphylla
or
,
.
cordata, blue, July, 3 ft., Mexico; pallida,rose, purple, July, '2ift., Mexico; and
crimson
mexicana,
lilac, July, 1 ft., N. America; Sept., 18 in., Mexico. 3
oana,
oanariensis
(Balm
of
Gilead), purple, July,
ft.. Canaries.
Cedrus Deodar; (Mount Atlas " Silver Cedar; Cedar of Lebanon; Indian Hardy evergreen Cedar; Tountain-tree).^ Ord. Coniferae. of Lebanon Wood of Cedar trees. 1676. Orn. foliage. First introduced in cedar used in ancient times Incense. Oldest England at as not produced by Cones Brethby Park, Derbyshire; planted in 1676. old. Cedrus Libani until tree is 40 to 100 years vated. CDLTUEE : Soil, rich, deep, sandy. Position, well drained, eleC. atlantica does well in seaside gardens; " all are suitable for to May. Propagate by chalky soils. Plant, Sept. to Nov., or March of light soil in cold frame seeds sown ^in. deep in well-drained pans in April,transplantingseedlingsoutdoors following spring. SPECIES CULTITATED: C. atlantica (Mount Atlas Cedar), 80 to 100 ft., N. Africa ; atlantica argentea, foliage golden ; atlantica foliage silvery; aurea, deodara deodara (Deodar Cedar), 200 to 250 ft., Himalayas; argentea, siWeryleayed ; deodara orassif olia, thick leaved ; deodara golden -leaved ; deodara aurea, viridis, green-leaved ; Libani (Cedar of Lebanon), 80 ft., Syria ; Libani glanoa, glaucous leaved. Celandine (Chelidonium majus). See Chelidouium. East
"
"
Celandine
Poppy
(Stylophorum diphyllum).
"
See
Stylo-
phornm. Celastrus Oelastraceae.
Ord. (Staff-tree;Climbing Bitter-sweet; Staff-vine)." Greenhouse " deciduous climbing hardy ever^een shrubs. First introduced 1722. Ht. 1 to 10 ft. OF CULTURE GREENHOUSE SPECIES: Compost, equal parts " sand. March. loam, Pot, Position, peat, greenhouse. Water sunny to afterwards. to Sept. March, freely moderately Sept. Temp., March 55" to 65" ; Sept.to March 50" to 55". Increased by layers. CULTURE OF HARDY SPECIES : Soil, ordinary. Position, walls, Prune weak shoots " fences, " arbours. Plant, Oct. to March. away in main shoots of Feb. of shoots in tips Propagate by layers young " Nov. Sept.,Oct., SPECIES GEEENHOUSE 0. articulatns, green, : and June, 15 ft., Ohina Japan. HARDY SPECIES C. Oriza, grreen, 6 ft., Japan ; Boandens, yellow, : summer, succeeded berries, climbing, N. America. by orange summer, Celeriac (Apium graveolens rapaceum). See Apium. See Apium. Celery. CelOSia Greenhouse annuals. (Cockscomb). Ord. Amarantaceae. 1570. First introduced CULTURE CBLOSIAS OF : Compost, two parts fibryloam, one part " well-decayedcow leaf -mould " Sand. manure Position, warm greenhoase, exposed to light. Sow seeds 1-16 in. deep in well-drained pans of light soil in temp. 75" in March. Transplant seedlings1 in. apart 1 in. high in lightsoil in well-drained when pots " keep in temp. 60? to 75". When seedlingshave formed four leaves place them singlyin 3-in. pots, transferring them in June to 5 in. pots. Keep plants near the roots moderately. Syringe glass. Water foliagetwice daily. Liquid Summer manure, apply when flowers appear. temp., 55" to 65". May be used for summer bedding between and May Sept CULTURE OF seeSs'as advised COCKSCOMBS: Sow for "
"
"
84
OF
ENCYCLOPEDIA
(Erythrseacentaurium).
Centaury
"
Centaury,
Ord. introduced
First
Erythrsea.
See
Chlora.
See (Chlora perfoliata)."
Yellow
Centradenia."
Evergreen.
OAEDENING.
flowering shrubs.
Stove
Melastomaceae. 1840.
tion, Posiparts peat, one part loam " sand. March to 55" to March 65"; to Pot, Eeb. Temp., Sept. sunny. afterwards. 65" 75". to Water March, to freely moderately Sept. Sept. Propagate by cuttings of side shoots 2 or 3 in. long inserted in pots of sandy peat under bell-glassin temp. 85" in Feb. " March. CULTURE
SPEOIBS
CULTIVATED:
Sept., 18
pink,
Compost,
:
two
0.
in., Mexico;
floribunda, red, July, 38 in., Meiioo; grandiflora, inequalateralis (Syn. 0. rosea), rose, April, 1 ft.,
Mexico.
Lilac). (Red Valerian; Spur Valerian; German " annuals. Hardy herbaceous perennials' CULTURE rockeries, : Soil, ordinary. Position, old walls, sunny seeds March borders. sown or Jin. deep Plant, April. Propagate by in light soil in temp. 55" in March, transplantingseedlingsoutdoors Centranthus Ord. Valerianaceae.
"
May ; or in sunny positionsoutdoors in April or June, transplanting or seedlingsin May or Aug. ; perennials also Tby division in autumn in
spring. ANNUAL
SPECIES
PERENNIAL
:
C. macrosiphon,
SPECIES:
C.
ruber
albus, white. Ord. Centropogon.
(Britain);
red, July,
2
ft.,Spain
;
maoroBiphon
(Red Valerian), red, July,
18
albuB,
in., Europe
ruber
"
Campauulacese.
Stove
herbaceous
nial. peren-
CULTURE : Compost, egualparts loam, peat, leaf-mould, " a little sand. March. stove to June ; June to Sept.sunny Position, Pot, Sept. 50" frame outdoors. Oct. to Feb. Feb. 60" to to to June 55"; Temp., 75". Water to afterwards. Prune shoots moderately Sept. Feb., freely close to soil in Feb. when repotting.Propagate by cuttingsof young shoots 3 in. long, removed with a portion of stem attached, " inserted in light sandy soil in well-drained under bell-glassin temp. 60" pots to 70". 2 ft., a hybrid. SPECIES CULTIVATED: 0. lucyanus, rose, autumn, Habitat of the genus : Trop. America. Ord. Legumiuosae. Stove evergreen Centrosema. climbers. CULTURE: Compost, equal parts peat, loam, leaf -mould, " silver sand. Position, pots on staging,shoots trained up rafters or round a trellis or jitiots. Pot in March. Water freelyin spring " summer; to Sept. 75" to 85"; Sept.to moderately in winter. Temp., March March 55" to 65". Propagate by seeds in a temp, of 75" in M^rch; in a temp, of 85" in summer. also by cuttings in sand SPECIES CULTIVATED: C. Plumieri (Syn. Clitoria Plumieri), red and white, "
6
a'utumn,
ft., S. America.
Plant
Century
(Agave americana)." See Agave. (White Helleborine). Ord.
Cephalanthera Orchidaceffi. Hardy terrestrial orchids. CULTURE : Soil,chalky loam. Position,open " well-drained border. Plant, Sept. " Oct. Propagate by division of roots in Sept "
SPEOIBS
flora),white of
Ot onsifolia,white, June, 2 ft.; pallons (Syn. 0 CULTIVATED: and yellow, June, 18 in.; rubra, purple and white. May, 18 in.
grand! Natives
Britain.
Cephalanthus shrub.
CULTURE: Oct.
or
SPECIES
(Button bush)." Ord. Orn.
Rubiacese.
foliage. First introduced
Soil,sandy peat. Position, open
Nov.
shrubberies.
Propagate by layersof shoots in Sept.
CULTIVATED:
0.
oooidentalis,white, July, 86
Hardy
duous deci-
1735.
7
Oct. ft., N. America or
Plant.
BNOYOLOPMDIA
y^\PnAiA.riA, First
introduced
Ord. 1759. "
GAUDMNINO.
OF
Dipsaoeae.
Hardy
perennials.
herbaceoua
OULTUEE : Soil, ordinary. Position, shrubbery borders or woods. Plant, March or seeds April. Propagate by sown 4 in. deep in sunny positionoutdoors in April, transplautine seedlinss in May. SPECIES OULTIVATElf: 0. alpina (Syn. foabiosa agina), yelfow,July, 5 ft.. Europe;
tartanoa, yellow, July, 5 H., Siberia.
CephalOtaxus
(Cluster-flowered Tew)." Ord. Coniferae. Hardy conifers. Orn. Leaves foliage. Evergreen. First introduced 1837. similar to those of Yew. CULTURE: shrubberies Soil, ordinary. Position, sheltered or lawns. Plant, Sept. to Nov. or March to May. Propagate by seeds sown J in. deep in lightsoil in cold frame in Sept. or March, transplanting seedlingsoutdoors a year in sandy soil in shady
after ; cuttings of shoots 3 in. long inserted cold frame, or under handbell-glassor
light outdoors. CULTIVATED:
SPECIES
0.
drupaoea,
6
to
6
ft., Japan;
Portuni,
8
ft.. N.
pedunoulata, 8 ft., Japan.
China;
CephalOtllS (Australian Pitcher-plant).Ord. Saxifragaceae. Greenhouse herbaceous 1822. Flowers, perennial. First introduced white. Pitchers, 1 to 3 id. long, dark green, purple," pink. CULTURE : Compost, equal parts sphagnum peat, " silver moss, fibrjr sand. Position, pots or pans, well drained " covered with bell-glass; 45" to 55"; Temp., Oct. to March shady cool greenhouse or window. 50" to March 55". Water to Oct. moderately Sept. to April, freely afterwards. Propagate by division of roots in March. CULTIVATED: SPECIES 0. foUionlaris, Australia; 2 to 4 in. "
(Snow in Summer; Snow-giant). perennials. Evergreen " deciduous.
Cerastium
Soil, ordinary.
Position,
Plant, March
Caryophyl-
Ord.
"
lacess. Hardy CULTURE:
dryishborders,
rockeries
"
April. Propagate by division of plants in March or April; cuttingsof shoots Sin. long inserted in ordinary soil in shady positionoutdoors in June or July; seeds sown in April,transplantingseedlings 1-10 in. deep in shady position outdoors
edgings to
flower
in June
or
beds.
or
July.
0. alpinnm, white, June, 3 to 4 in., Britain; Bieberateinii,white, "June. 6 in., leaves silvery, Asia Minor; Boiserii. white. June. 8 to 9 in., leaves silvery; grandiflorum. white. July. 6 in. ; tomentosum (Snow in Summer), white. May. 6 in., leaves silvery,Europe. Ceratiola (SandhillRosemarjr). Ord. Empetracese. Half-hardy First introduced 1826. shrub. evergreen CULTURE: Soil,two parts sandy peat " loam. Position, moist, Plant, A^ril. Propagate by cuttings of shoots shady, sheltered. in well drained 3 in. long inserted pots of sandy peat, under bell-glass, in June, July, or in cold frame Aug. Protection required in severe CULTIVATED:
SPECIES
"
weather.
First
"
Position, against south
England only. sown
inserted in Aug. SPECIES
deep in seedlingsoutdoors or
sandy Sept.
CULTIVATED
Hardy
walls; suitable
to May. Sept. to Nov. or March pots of sandy soil in temp. 85"
Plant,
1 in.
in
June. 3 ft., Carolina.
evergreen
1570.
introduced
CULTURE: seeds
eriooides,brown,
Ord. Leguminosae. (Carob-bean).
Ceratonia tree.
0.
CULTIVATED:
SPECIES
in June;
soil under :
0.
cuttingsof in cold bell-glass
Siliqua. yellow and 87
for S. "
W.
of
Propagate by
in March, transplanting firm shoots 4 in. long frame or greenhouse
red, Sept.. 16 ft., S. Europe.
ENCYCLOPEDIA
CeratopteriS fern. Annual. CULTUEE
(Pod Fem)."
OS'
GARDENING.
Ord.
Filioes.
Stove
water
floating
Position, in " leaf-mould. loam water. in tank of Sept. to Temp., or submerged pans [arch 55" to 60" ; March to Sept. 65" to 75". Propagate by spores sown in Feb. as above; pegging old surface of compost in pan in water on will which fronds of soil from to surface plants grow. young SFE0IE8 OXTLTIVAIED: 0. thaliotrioides,Trop. America. Ord. Plumbagineae. Hardy CeratOStisma (Lead-wort). of and with creeping roots. perennial dwarf, shrubby habit, CULTUEE Position, sunny : Soil, sandy loam. rockery. Plant in :
Compost, equal parts to
Sots
rim
"
autumn
or
SPECIES
division in spring. plumbaginoidee (Syn. Plumbago
Propagate by 0.
Larpentse), blue,
ft., China.
1
autumn,
spring. OULTITATED;
Cercis
Ord. Leguminosse. Hardy, (Judas-tree; Eed-bud). First trees. introduced 1596. flowering sheltered Position, warm Soil,rich, deep, sandy. N. of England against south wall. Plant, shrubberies, or on lawns. Oct. to March. Prune old branches in Feb. Propagate by seeds away planting sown i in. deep in lightsandy soil in temp. 55" to 65" in March, transin outdoors of shoots in June, or seedlings by layers strong "
deciduous CULTUEE:
Sept.
Oct.
or
KPEOIES
CULTIVATED:
C.
canadensis
and cbinensis. pink. May, 10 ft,, China or rose. May, 20 to 25 ft., S. Europe.
Cereus Greenhouse
(Red bud), red. May, 16 ft.,N. America; Siliquastrum (Judas Tree), purple
Japan;
(Torch Thistle; Night-floweringCereus). Ord. fleshy,spiny stems, no leaves. First "
plants with
Cactaceae. introduced
1690.
CULTUEE
:
brick
pounded or
Compost, rubbish.
windows.
Pot
two
loam, one part coarse parts fibry Position, well-drained pots in sunny
every
three
or
four
years, afterwards.
in March.
sand
"
houses greenWater
month Sept. to April,once a week Temp., Sept.to 50" to 55"; March to Sept., 55" to 65" Propagate by seeds in. in well-drained of soil sown in temp. 75" in i deep sandy pans in March, keeping soil moderately moist; cuttings of stems inserted small potsof sandy soil kept barely moist in summer mon com; grafting on kind in April. C. aggregatns, scarlet, Sept., U. SPECIES CULTIVATED: States; Berlandieri, purple, Texas; Blanokii,rose, summer, Mexico; cserulescens,white, July, Mexico; flagelliformis,pink, spring, S. America; *fulgidu8, orange-scarlet, July; 'grandiflorus, white, July, W. Indies; osespitosus, rose, summer, U. States; enneaoanthns, purple, July, Texas; Feudleri, purple, June, Mexico; giganteus, colour not known, California ; leeanns, red, Mexico ; *Lemairii, yellow and white, June, 'Macdcnaldise, white and red, July, Honduras; leptacaathus, purple lilac and Malwhite. May; lisonii, red, summer, hybrid; multiplex, scarlet, summer, Brazil; pauoispinus, red and New Mexico; orange, summer. 'Napoleonis, yellow and white autumn, Mexico ; *nyctacalis, white, autumn, Mexico ; pontalophus, rose Mexico peruTianus, red, August, Peru; pleiogonus, purple-red; polycanthus, tlood-redspring, Mexico; procumbens, rosy purple. May, Mexico; reductus. white and rose, summer, W. Indies; Royenii, rose, spring New Mexico; repandns, white, summer, Grenada* purple and white, Peru; 'speoiosissimus,crimson, July S America' serpentinua, W Indies; variabilis, "triang:ulariswhite, Aug. and green red, July. S. America'.' Those indicated are by an asterisk night blooming. Cerinthe (Honeywort; Wax-plant)."Ord. Boraginaceae. Hardy annuals and perennials. First introduced 1570.
once
a
March
"
'
CULTUEE
borders.
by
seeds
boxes
of
Soil, ordinary.
Position, sunny well-drained beds or perennial species Oct. or April. Propagate annuals 1-16 in. deep in April where sown plants are to flower in or lightsandy soil in temp. 55" to 65'" in March, transplanting :
Plant
88
TIN CYC!
LOT? MB
seedlingsoutdoors in May; perennialsby seeds similar
thin
GARDENING.
OF
IA
seedlings to
outdoor-sown
to annuals
"
by
2 in.
of roots in ft., S. Europe;
division
apart;
April.
ANNUAL SPECIES: 0. glabra, yellow, July, 1 to 2 aspera, yellow and violet, June, 1 ft., Alps; major, yellow and purple, July, 1 ft., Alps; minor, yellow, June, 12 to 18 in., S. Europe; retorta, yellow and violet, July, 18 in., Greece. PERENNIAL
SPECIES
Ceropegia..
yellow, June, 18 in., S. Europe. Greenhouse trailingplants.
0. maonlata,
:
Ord.
"
Asclepiadese.
Ornamental-leaved. CULTURE leaf -mould, " silver : Compost, equal parts peat, loam, roof of greenhouse,or sand. baskets from Position, or pots suspended March in rockeries; sunny. March. Water Pot, moderately between 55" to 65", March to afterwards. " Sept.,occasionally Sept. Temp., inserted shoots of slender 45" to 50". afterwards Propagate by cuttings in silver sand, in well-drained pots, in a temp, of 65" in spring. 3 to and CULTIVATED: 0. elegans, white, brown, purple, summer, SPECIES 3 ft.. Natal; 4 ft., India; Sandersonii, green, VVoodii, white and purple, autumn, 2 to 3 ft.,S. Africa. summer, Ord. Cestrum (Bastard Jasmine; Night-blooming Jasmine). duced introFirst shrubs. Greenhouse Solanaoeae. Evergreen. flowering "
1787. CULTURE
two parts loam, one part leaf -mould " sand. trained beds with shoots on wall, pillars,or roof of Position,pots or into March. Prune Temp., Sept. to shape, Feb. greenhouse. Pot, 55" Water 60". to March to 40" 50" March to moderately in Sept. ; of side shoots times. other winter, freely Propagate by cuttings inserted in old with of stem removed attached, in. 3 or 4 long, portion 75" in 65" to in soil well-drained July, Aug., or temp. pots of sandy
Compost,
:
Sept. 10
ft., Mexico;
name
of
Habrothamnus.
Asplenium. Ord. Scrophulariacese. Half-hardy
"
Chsenostoma. shrubs.
orange-yellow,June, 5 ft.,Guatemala; Newellii, crimson, June, 10 ft. Formerly
C. aurantiaoum,
OULTITATED:
SPECIES
elegans, oarmine, spring, the generio under known See Ceterach.
"
introduced
First
1816.
Ht.
4 in. to
herbs
"
2 ft.
beds or doors borders outin winter. in Plant outdoors May to Oct., greenhouse or in. in seeds 1-10 soil in sown deep light temp. Propagate by May. 65" to 70" in March; cuttingsinserted in well-drained pots of sandy in Sept. soil in greenhouse or cold frame C. cordata, white, June, 18 in. ; fastigiata, rose, sum OULTITATED : SPECIES 6 in.; fastigiata alba, white; hispida, lilac, July, 6 in.; linifolia,yellow mer, 4 in. Natives S. Africa. Sept., 1 ft. ; polyantha, lilac and yellow, summer, Chzerophyllum (Bulbous-rootedChervil)."Ord. Umbelliferae Roots carrot-like Hardy esculent vegetable. First introduced 1726. sweet cooked " served carrots. as ; yellowishwhite, beds outdoors. CULTURE : Soil, ordinary. Ppsition,sunny Propa in in. drills seeds 1 1 ft. sown deep apart in Aug.,Sept.," Oct gate by Lift roots in Aug., " store Thin out seedlingsto Sin. apart in May. in dry, dark places until requiredfor use. them See 0. bulbosum, white, June, 1 ft., S. Europe. also SPECIES OULTITATED:
CULTURE
Soil, ordinary.
:
Position, sunny frame
"
the
genus
Anthrlscus.
Fern (Woodwardia radicans). See Woodwardia. Flower See Narcissus. Chalice (Narcissus pseudo-narcissus). Plant Chalk (Gypsophilapaniculata). See Gypsophila. ing flowerOrd. Bosaceae. Chamsebatia. Half-hardy evergreen
Chain
"
"
"
"
shrub. CULTURE
First :
introduced
Compost,
two
1859.
parts loam, 89
one
part peat
"
sand.
Posi-
tion, pots in cool greenhouse, or sunny Plant, April. Water Pot, March.
rockeries
frame
moderately
pots. Propagate by cuttingsinserted July or Aug.
in
OtJLTIVATBD SPECIES 3 ft., California.
0. foliolosa
:
Chamsecyparis. Chamsedorea. foliage. First CULTTJEE:
See Ord.
"
"
introduced
S. of
outdoors
in
summer
55"
GARDENING.
OF
ENCYCLOPEDIA
in in
England.
winter, freely in soil in cold
sandy
(Syn. Spiraa Millefolium), white,
Cupressus. Palmacese.
Stove
palms.
Ornamental
1846.
Compost, two parts peat, one part loam " sand. Water Pot, March. shady part of stove in pots or tubs. Temp., Sept.to Sept.to March, abundantly afterwards. to 65^^; March to Sept. 65" to 75". Propagateby seeds sown
deep
in above
compost
in
OULTITiCTED: gracilis,10 ft., Mexico. SPECIES
Chamsepeuce. Chamserops
85" in March. elatior,9 in.,Mexico; elegans,
tion, Posimoderately March lin.
pots, in temp.
C.
"
summer,
See
8
to 10
ft.,Mexico;
Cnicus.
(Fan Palm; African Hair Palm; European Palm). Ord. Palmacese. Greenhouse Orn. foliage. " half-hardy palms. First introduced 1731. Leaves, fan-shaped, green. CULTTJEE : Compost, two parts rich loam, one part decayed leaf" sand. mould Position, well-drained pots in greenhouse or sheltered well-drained beds outdoors in S. of England. Pot, March. Plant, 40" to 50"; March to Sept. 50" to 60" April. Temp., Sept. to March Water Propagate by seeds moderately in winter, freelyin summer. 1 in. deep in light soil in temp, of 80" in Feb. or March; suckers sown from removed parent plant in April or Aug. 0. hnmilis, 10 ft., S. Europe, N. Africa. SPECIES CULTIVATED See also the : TrachyoarpuB. genus Chamomile (Anthemis nobilis).See Anthemis. "
"
Chandelier
Flower
(Brunsvigia Josephinse). "
See
Bruns-
vigia. Chapiet Chaste "
Flower Tree
(Stephanotisfloribunda)." See Stephanotis. (VitexAgnus-castus)."See Vitex. island Forg:et-me-not (Myosotidium nobile).
Chatham See Myosotidium.
Cheddar Cheilanthes
Pink
See Dianthus. (Dianthus crosius)." (CalifornianLace Fern; Lip Fern).
Ord. Filices. Stove " greenhouse ferns. First introduced 1775. two CULTTJEE : Compost, " silver sand. parts peat, one part loam Position, pots in shade. Pot, Feb. or March. Water moderately Oct. to Feb., freely afterwards. 55" Temp., stove species,Sept. to March to 65", March to Sept. 65" to 75" ; greenhouse, Sept. to March 45" to to Sept. 55" to 65". 50", March to Propagate by spores similar Adiantum. GEEBNHOtrsE SPECIES: 0. argentea, 6 to 8 in., N. Asia, etc.; califoTnioa (Californian Lip Pern), 6 in., California (also known as Hypolepis oalif ornioa); Clevelandii (Cleveland's Lip Fern), 12 in., N. America; N AmericaEatonii, 6 m. fragrans, 2 to 4 ins., S. Europe ; hirta, 4 to 8 in.. Cape, Mexico, etc. ; Lindhemeri, 3 to 6 m., Texas; miorophylla (Plumier's Lip Fern), 6 to 8 in., N. America; pulvjsoida ohella, 9 in., Madeira; (Sticky Lip Pern), 6 in., N. Ajnerioa STOVE SPECIES: 0. ohlorophylla, 12 In., S. America; farinosa,6 to 8 in., Abyssinia, Ja-va, etc.; myriophylla (Lace Forn), Syn. 0. elegans, 4 to 8 in Trop America; radiata, 9 to 13 in., Trop. America; tenuis, 1 ft.,Mexico Cheiranthus(Gilliflower; Wallflower)."Ord. Crucifera). Hardy perennials. Of biennial duration only ou heavy soils. Flowers, single " double, fragrant. "
90
ENOTOLOPMDIA CULTURE
OF
heavy;
too
WALLFLOWERS
add lime or Sow either
old walls.
OF :
old mortar. broadcast
or
April. Transplant seedlingswhen
m
each
in
bed
OARDENINO.
Soil, ordinary well-drained, Position, sunny borders, beds
not or
in drills 6 in. apart " ^in. deep third leaf has formed, 6 in. apart
of firm
soil limed as before, " plant out finallya Oct. Make soil firm around plants to ensure sturdy firm growth. Double-flowered varieties may be increased by cuttingsor slipsof side-shoots removed with a slightheel attached, " inserted in cold frame or shady border in Aug. Plant out in March. To grow old walls, sow on in crevices, adding a little a pinch of seed soil " cow to supply food manure to young plants; or plant young seedlingsin similar compost in spring. On heavy soils wallflowers are best grown biennials. as CULTURE OF DWARF SPECIES : C. alpinus, Marshallii, kewensis, " mutabilis, should be grown rockeries in good loamy soil " on svinny old mortar. Plant in spring. Top-dress annually in March with wellrotted cow Wallflowers. manure. Propagate as advised for Double POT CULTURE : Plant seedlings in good ordinary mould in six-inch cold frame till flower buds form, then pots in Sept.; keep in sunny transfer to greenhouse. Water moderately. Peed with liquidmanure after when in flower. Throw blooming. away 6 best SPECIES CULTIVATED; 0. alpinus, yellow, May, in., Scandinavia, Cheiri on a grown colours, spring, 1 to 2 ft., rockery; (Wallflower), yarious 1 ft., hybrid; Marshallii, orange, Europe; kewensis, sulphur, orange, purple, Nov. to May, 1 ft.,hybrid; mutabilis, or AUionii, purple, spring, 1 ft. Chelidonium (Celandine; Swallow-wort). Ord. Papaveraceae. " C. Bonus-Henricus Chenopodiaceae.Hardy perennials" annuals. C. Quinoa, grown sometimes substitute for as a spinach. CULTURE Plant, : Soil, ordinary. Position, damp shady borders. March or Jin. deep in shade outdoors April. Propagate by seeds sown of roots in April. in April; division 2 ft., Britain; SPECIES OULTITATED: C. majus, yellow. May, majus flore pleno, antanm. Chelone (Turtle Head; Shell-flower). Ord. Scrophulariaceae. herbaceous Hardy perennials. First introduced 1752. CULTURE: Plant, Oct., Soil, rich, deep. Position, open borders. in. seeds 1-16 sown Nov., March, or April. Propagate by deep in light soil in temp. 55" to 65" in March, or similar depth in soil in cold frame in May " June; in April,transplanting; cuttings seedlingsoutdoors in June " July ; division of plants inserted in sandy soil in cold frame
foot
way,
or
a
apart in Sept.
so
or
"
"
in
Aug.
"
Stept.
SPECIES
purple, Aug.,
CULTIVATED: 4 ft., N.
C.
America;
glabra, white, Aug., 4 obliqua, purple, Aug.,
ft., N. America; ft., N. America.
Lyoni,
.
4
Ord. Spinach). (Good King Henry; Wild ", k annuals. C. Bonus-Henricus Hardy perennials Chenopodiaceae. substitute for Spinach. C. Quinoa grown sometimes as a KING GOOD HENRY : Soil, good, well trenched, " CULTURE OF 1 Sow seeds in. deep in manured. Position, dryish, sunny. liberally drills 12 in. apart in April. Thin seedlings out to 9 in. apart in May. Gather shoots with thin layer of manure. Cover bed in October young leaves in May " June in lieu of for asparagus; in April as substitute 3 or 4 years. beds every spinach. Renew SPECIES: ANNUAL Position, Soil, ordinary. OP CULTURE in April. Thin seeds outdoors Sow borders. beds seedlings or sunny to make out points of shoots bushy plants. to 18 in. apart. Pinch Position, open garden. : Soil, ordinary. C. QUINOA OF CULTURE
Chenopodium
"
91
OF
ENCYCLOPEDIA Sow
seeds
in drills 1 in.
of
a
few
deep
" 2 ft.
Gather
weeks.
OABDENINO. onwards
March
from
apart
leaves, cook, "
eat
at
tervals in-
spinach.
like
0. Bonus-Henrious SPECIES: (Good King Henry), 3 ft., Britain. 0. purpurasoens ANNUAL SPECIES: (Syn. 0. Atripliois),reddish purple, Aug., C. Quinoa, 4 to 6 ft., Peru. 3 ft., leaves and shoots -violet, China: rosy PERENNIAL
meleagris). (Fritillaria
Daffodil
Chequered
"
See
Fritil-
See
Helio-
laria.
Cherimoyer
(Anona Cherimolia). See Auona. See Eosa. (Bosa laevigata}. "
Cherokee
Rose
Cherry.
See
"
Cherry
"
Prunus.
Laurel (Prunus Laurocerasus). See Prunus. Pie-flovwer (Heliotropium peruvianum). "
Cherry
"
tropium. Plum-tree (Prunus See Anthriscus.
Cherry Chervil.
cerasifera).See
Prunus.
"
"
Chervil,
Bulbous-rooted." See Chserophyllum. See Gastanea " .Xsculus. See Cichorium. Fern (Dicksoniaregalis).See Dicksonia. Arbor-vitse See Libocedrus. (Libocedrus chiliensis). See Kolana. Bell-flower. Crocus (TecophilseaCyanocrocus). See Tecophilaea. Flower Glory (Eccremocarpus scaber). See Eccre-
Chestnut.
"
Chicory.
"
Chignon
"
Chilian Chilian
"
"
Chilian
"
Chilian
"
mocarpus.
Chilian Chilian Chilian
Box Gum (Escalloniarubra). See Escallonia. Pine-tree (Araucaria imbricata). See Araucaria. See SarPitcher-flower (Sarmienta repens). "
"
"
mienta.
Chili
Jasmine
Chili
Nettle
(Mandevilla suaveoleus). See Mandevilla. (Loasa laterita).See Loasa. Chili See Capsicum. Pepper (Capsicum annuum). See Fragaria. Strawberry (Fragaria chiloensis)." Chili_ Chillies See (Capsicum annuum). Capsicum. Ground Green; Chimaphila (SpottedWinter Holly). Ord. "
"
"
"
"
Ericaceae. 1752. CULTUEE:
Hardy
dwarf
herbaceous
Compost, two shadj rockery outdoors.
of
plants
in
First
perennials.
parts leaf-mould, Plant, April.
one
part
introduced sand.
Propagate by
tion, Posi-
division
April.
0. macalata, pink and white, June, 6 in., N. America; pink, June, 6 in., N. America. Plant See Campanula. Chimney (Campanula pyramidalis). Chimonanthus Ord. (Japan Allspice). Calycanthaceaa. Hardy deciduous First introduced flowering' shrub. 1766. CULTURE : Soil, deep, rich, sandy. Position, against south or west walls. Prune in Feb., cutting away Plant, Feb. all shoots that have flowered to within 1 in. of base, exceptthose required to furnish plants with branches. Propagate by layering shoots in Sept. or Oct. SPECIES CULTIVATED C. fragans, yellow and : red, fragrant, Dec, 6 to 9 ft., China and Japan. China Aster (CallistephushortenseV" See Callistephus. China Creeper See (Ipomaea Quamoclit
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
umbellate, white
and
"
"
vulgaris). "
China Creeper Chinaman's
(Quamoclit
vulgaris)."See
Breeches
(Dicentra
Bicentra.
China
Rose
See (Rosa indica)." 92
Rosa.
Ipomcea.
Quamoclit.
spectabilis). "
See
GAMDENING.
OF
ENGTGLOPMDIA
and its Tarieties gigantea Luoilise, blue Minor, and white, March, 6 in., Asia 6 in., eardensis, blue, March, 6 in., (Syn. AUenii) and grandiilora, liolet, March, white and and lilac, April, Crete. Tmoli, blue and white, April, 6 in. ; nana, herbaceous Liliacese. Ord. Half-hardy Chionog^raphis. "
perennial.
First
introduced
1880.
Compost, equal parts loam, leaf-mould, peat, " sand. south border well-drained Position, warm, outdoors, or pot in cold Feb. frame. Plant, Oct. or Feb. Pot, Propagate by seeds sown Jin. CULTURE
deep in division
:
above
compost
of roots
SPECIES
in
in
a
pot,
pan,
or
box
in March,
in cold
frame;
Sept.
CtTLTIVATBD:
1 ft., Japan. C. japonioa, white. May, Ord. Gesneriacese. Stove herbaceous green perennial " everplants. First introduced 1840. OULTUBE : Compost, equal parts peat " leaf-mould, half a part " half Shake loam, a Pot, Feb. fibry part of silver sand " charcoal. soil " old from in small loots into put pots first,shifting away larger size when Water moderately at first,increasing plantsbegin to grow. tion, Posisupply when plants grow freely; keep nearly dry Oct. to Feb. shelf near artificial be on or manure glass. Liquid applied may when flower buds Temp., Nov. to Feb. 55" to 65" ; Feb. to Nov. appear. 70" to 85". in well-drained Propagate by seeds sown pots of above March. of in Cover seeds with sand, place a square compost sprinkle of glassover rately each pot " put latter in temp. 75" to 85". !Keepsoil modemoist. when three leaves into formed are Transplant seedlings be propagated also small pots " treat as advised for old plants. Can by large leaves, cutting their main ribs through " laying undersides of sandy soil in temp. 65" to 75" in summer. on pans C. depressa, violet,July, 6 to 8 in., China; Horsefleldii, CULTIVATED: SPECIES white and purple, Sept., 18 in., Java; lilacina, white, blue, and yellow, BQmmer, 18 in., Chiriqui; Moonii, blue and purple, ,Tune, 2 ft., Ceylon; einensis, lilac, July, 6 in., China; Walkeri, yellow, June, 18 in., Ceylon; zeylanioa, purple, June, 18 in., Ceylon. See Allium. Chives." Ord. Chlidanthus. Amaryllidacese. Half-hardy herbaceous First introduced 1820. plant. OUTDOOR CULTURE ; Compost, equal parts peat, leaf-mould, loam, " silver sand. well-drained outdoors. bed or border Position, warm, Plant bulbs 3 in. deep in April. Lift bulbs in Oct. " store them in sand in frost-proofplace during winter. CULTURE POT bulbs 1 in. apart " 2 in. deep in above com: Plant post in in. 5 m April. Water pots moderately first,freely when in in cold frame Grow active growth. cool greenhouse: Withhold or from roots after Sept. until repottingtime. water Propagate by offsets in April. SPECIES CULTIVATED: 0. fragrans, yellow, fragrant, June, 10 in., Peru. Chlora Yellow-wort) (Yellow Centaury; Ord. Gentianareac. Suitable for largegardens only. Hardy biennials. CULTURE: Soil, heavy loam. Position, moist borders. Propagate in July, transplanting J in. deep in shady beds outdoors by seeds sown seedlings into flowering positionsin Oct. C. SPECIES CULTIVATED: imporfoliata, yellow, June, 1 ft.; perfoliata, yellow, June, 1 ft., Britain. ChloriS." Ord. Gramineae. florescen Hardy annual floweringgrasse.'i. Insuitable for winter decorations. Cut and dry when fully
Chirjta.
"
"
"
.
developed. CULTURE in outdoors
:
Soil, ordinary.
Position, sunny
April. 94
borders.
Sow
seeds
ENOYOLOPJSDIA
REGIES
CULTIVATED:
0.
Chlorog^alum
burbata,
1
ft.,E. Indies; elegans, 1 ft.,S. America. Liliaceae. Hardy bulbous
1819.
Soil, light.Position,south
:
deep
and
3 in.
apart
in Oct.
Propagate by
offsets planted sown i in. deep in well-drained pots of SPECIES GULTITATED: C. pomeridianum,
years.
GARDENING.
(Soap Plant)." Ord.
plant. First introduced CULTURE bulbs 4 in.
OF
Chlorophytum. foliage. First
Ord. 1751.
"
introduced
or
Plant
border, well drained. March.
Eeplant
every
old bulbs; soil in March. and purple, June,
by
similarly to sandy white
Liliaceae.
Greenhouse
2
three
seeds
fornia. ft., Cali-
plants.
Orn.
CULTUKE
: Courpost,equal parts loam, leaf-mould, peat, " sand. Position,variegated " tall kinds in pots ; drooping stemmed speciesin or pots or baskets suspended in window greenhouse. Pot, March. 45" to 50"; March Water to Oct. 55" to 65". Temp., Oct. to March in winter, freelyother times. Propagate by seeds sown moderately Jin. deep in well-drained pots of lightsoil in temp. 65" in March.; by offshoots inserted in window or singly in small pots under bell-glass greenhouse in April ; by division of roots when repotting.
SPECIES
white,
CULTIVATED 12
summer,
"variegatum),leaves 18
and 0. elatum (Syn. Antherioum Phalangium elatum), in., S. Africa; elatum variegatum (Syn. Authericum variegated with white; orchidastrum, white, July, creamy :
to
18
in.,Trop. Africa.
Chocolate-tree
(Theobroma cacoa). "
Choisya (Mexican flowering shrub.
Ord. Orange-flower). First introduced 1825. "
See Theobroma. Eutacese. Hardy
green ever-
OUTDOOR
CULTURE : Compost, equal parts peat, loam, leaf-mould, S " W. of England " Ireland, Position, sheltered shrubberies south walls N. of Prune Plant, Oct. or March. against England. after flowering,shorteningstragglingshoots only. POT CULTURE: Water Pot, Sept. or Oct. Compost as above.
" sand.
freely afterwards. Keep plants in cool of time outdoors. May, remainder Propagate by cuttingsof shoots 3 in. long inserted in well-drained pots of sandy soil under to June. in temp. 55" to 65", March bell-glass
moderately Sept. to March, greenhouse Nov.
SPECIES
to
C.
CULTIVATED:
Chokeberry Choke Chorizema.
Evergreen. CULTURE
ternata,
white,
6
summer,
ft., Mexico.
(Pyrus arbutifolia).^See Pyrus. Cherry (Prunus virginiana). See Prunus. Ord. Greenhouse Leguminosae. floweringshrubs. "
"
"
First
introduced
1803.
Compost, equal parts fibrypeat " loam, one-fourth sand. beds in greenhouses. Pot, March Position,pots, or in well-drained or Prune June; firm potting essential. stragglingshoots slightlyafter to Sept., moderately afterwards. flowering. Water freely March 45" to 50". Stand Temp., March to Sept. 55*'to 65"; Sept. to March lowing plants outdoors from July to Sept. to mature floweringshoots for folseeds in. 1-16 in sown by deep sandy Propagate year. light :
compost in ten\p.65" to 70 in March; by cuttings inserted sandy peat under bell-glassin temp. 65" in summer.
in
pots
of
SPECIES CULTIVATED: C. oordatum, red and yellow, April, 1 ft., Australia; scarlet, May, 2 ft., diversifolium, orange-red. May, 2 ft. ; Australia ; Henohmauni, varium Australia; illicifolium, yellow, May, 3 ft., Australia; (Syn. 0. Ohandlerii), yellow and red. May, 4 ft., Australia.
Christmas Christmas
Christ'S-Eye Chrysanthemum
See Ruellla. Helleborus. (Helleborus niger).-^See Inula. See (Inula Ooulus-Christi).
Pride Rose
(Ruellia macrantha).
"
"
(Ox-eye Daisy; Marguerite; Pyrethrum; 95
Corn
Marigold;
Shasta
annual, herbaceous
GARDENING.
OF
ENOTOLOP^DIA
CompositEe. Greenhouse, shrubby plants. First introduced
Daisy). "
perennial
"
Ord.
rich.
hardy 1764.
Position,
ANNUAL : OP Soil, ordinary, seeds Jin. deep in Sow Plant seedlings out in May. sunny. afterwards 65" 70" in boxes to March, planting of light soil in temp. lings seedlingsout; or similar depth where plants are to flower. Thin seedin Gather seed to 3 in. apart iu June. Aug. plant Transseed as above. ANNUAL SPECIES CULTURE OP POT : Sow seedlingswhen 2 in. high at rate of four in a 5 in. pot, or seven 6 in. pot. or in a Compost, two parts good soil, one part leaf-mould SPECIES
CULTURE
,
open,
" decayed manure Water moderately. weak
liquidmanure
sand. Thin when
plants in cold frame buds if fine blooms are flower buds appear. Grow
flower
or
greenhouse.
wanted.
Give
CULTURE MARGUERITES OP : Compost, equal parts loamy soil serted silver sand. and fourth Propagate by cuttings inleaf-mould, part with in Cover bell4-in. three or m a pot April. pot, singly, glassor place in propagator. Pot cuttings when rooted in 3 in. pots, Stand from into 5 in. iu August. plants in full sun shifting them thence into from to in cold then to frame Nov., house greenSept.,place July Water heated to temp. 50" to 55". moderately. Give liquid Throw when manure plants away when a year old, pot is full of roots. "
raise
fresh
CULTURE
stock OF
from INDOOR
cuttings. CHRYSANTHEMUMS:
Classes:
curved, In-
petals curving inwards; reflexed, petals curving backwards; centres " petals fringing their flowers with dense Anemone-flowered, flowers base; pompones, small, petals reflexed, fringed or toothed;
post, Japanese, flowers large,petalslooselyarranged, variouslyshaped. Comone decayed tree leaves, three-partsfibryloam, one horse manure, solved of dissilver sand, quarter part finelyground bones, same one coarse " wood ashes " little soot. Pot first bones, one part charcoal time in 3 in. pots, March; second, in 5 or 6 in., middle of April; third, of June. in 8 or 10 in., middle Stop main stems 4 in. from Ijase in tion March for ensuring bushy plants; those to produce blooms for exhibileave untouched. Cut down for dwarfs to within plants intended Thin flower buds to one each shoot when 6 in. of pot in May. on they size of radish seed. Stand are plants in full sun May to Sept.,then Water to greenhouse. remove freely while outdoors, moderatelyin when " continue flower buds form greenhouse. Apply liquidmanure till flowers open. Propagate by cuttings issuing from roots, inserting these singly m 2 in. pots in temp. 55" to 65" in Jan., Feb., or March, in Dec. ; by seeds sown in cold frames or iin. deep in lightsoil in temp. down After floweringcut stems " place plants in cold 65" in March. frame to produce cuttings, after which plant out in garden or discard. : Temp, for plants whilst in flower, 45" to 50". Suitable liquidmanures of soda, J oz. to gall,of water Nitrate teaof ammonia, sulphate i ; a week; sheep spoonful to gall.; guano, Joz. to gall. all three once " cow dung, peck of each " J peck of soot to 36 galls,of water, to be weekly. appliedhalf diluted once "
OUTDOOR C5HRYSANTHEMUMS nary. : Soil, good ordibeds or borders. Plant out 3 ft. apart in May. 6 in. high, then allow plantsto Stop shoots when naturally. Do grow Water Give liquidmanure not disbud. freelyin summer. Julv to Sept. OP HARDY CULTURE PERENNIAL SPECIES ; Soil, ordinary rich. borders. PosHion, sunny Plant, autumn or and spring. Lift, CULTURE
OP
Position, sunny
divide,
98
ENOYCLOPJEDIA
OARDENINO.
OF
third year. or Increased by division in autumn spring; in cold frame iu iu in heat seeds cuttings summer spring. ; ANNUAL SPECIES: 2 ft., N. Afriea; 0. oaiinatnm, white and purple, summer, ooronarium, white, summer, 3 ft., S. Europe; (Corn Marigold), yellow, segetum 18 in., Europe summer, (Britain); segetum grandiflorum, yellow. HABDT PERENNIAL SPECIES ooooineum roseum), scarlet, : 0. (Syn. Pyrethrum 2 to 3 ft.,Oaueasus, parent of pyrethrums of the single and double race summer, 3 ft., S.W. (Coloured Marguerites); laoustre (Marsh Oz-eye), white, summer, maximum 2 ft., Europe; Europe; leuoanthemum (Ox-eye Daisy), white, summer, 3 ft.; uipponicum, white, 2 ft., (large Ox-eye or Shasta Daisy), white, summer, Japan; uliginosum (Grand Ox-eye), Syn. Pyrothrum summer, uliginosum, white, 5 ft.. Eastern 2 ft., Parthenicum autumn, Europe; (Feverfew), white, summer, Europe. TENDER SPECIES: C. indionm (Japanese Chrysanthemum), parent of ordinary China and ehrysanthemnms, Japan; frutesoens (Marguerite or Paris Daisy), white or yellow, 3 ft., summer, partheniCanary Islands; pealtum (Syn. 0. Pyrethrum folium leaves yellow, Caucasus. anream), Oolden Feather, white, summer, See Bulbinella. Chrysobactron." ing flowerOrd. Compositae. Greenhouse Chrysocoma. evergreen First introduced 1731. shrub. Fos'CULTUBE: Compost, equal parts peat, loam " silver sand. March. of tion, well-drained ^ots in sunny Pot, greenhouse. part Water freelyin spring " summer, moderatelyother seasons. Temp., 45*^to 50". March to Oct. 55" to 65"; Oct. to March Propagate by in spring. cuttingsof firm shoots in silver sand under bell-glass SPECIES OULTITATED yellow, July, 2 ft., S. Africa. See also : 0. Coma-aurea,
replant every
"
the
genus
Aster.
(Golden Knee)." Ord.
ChrysOSOnum
baceous her-
Compositae. Hardy
perennial. CULTURE:
Compost,
equal parts loam, peat,
moist borders. of roots in March.
Plant, Oct.
shady division SPECIES
CULTIVATED
:
0.
virginianum, yellow. May,
(Golden
ditches. water-courses or of plants in March. CULTIVATED:
or
9
tion, Posi-
Propagate by America.
in., N.
Saxifragaceaa. Saxifrage). Ord. Soil, boggy peat. Position, damp " shady Plant, Oct. or March. Propagate by division
Chrysoplenium Hardy perennial herbs. SPECIES
leaf-mould.
"
March.
"
alternifolium, yellow,
C.
summer,
3
in., N.
sphere Hemi-
(Britain); oppositifolium, yellow, 3 in., Europe (Britain). Chusan Daisy sineuse). See Chrysanthemum. (Chrysanthemum Palm Chusan (Chamaerops Fortunei). See Chamaerops. "
"
deciduous Stove Ord. Orchidaceae. ChysiSi epiphytal orchids. First introduced 1834. " potsherds. CULTURE : Compost, equal parts fibry peat, moss, in blocks of wood Pot, Position, well-drained or partialshade. pots to March afterwards. after flowering. Water Sept.,moderately freely to Sept. 65" to 75". 55" to 60"; March Resting Temp., Sept. to March after Flowers winter. on new resting. growths directly period, appear Propagate by division of pseudo-bulbsin Feb. or March. 1 ft., Colombia C. aurea, CULTIVATED yellow, spring and summer, SPECIES : ; and Chelsoni, yellow and purple, yellow, spring, 1 ft., Mexico; bractescens, white and May, hybrid; Limmingheii, rose, spring, 1 ft., hybrid; langleyensis,white yellow and purple, spring, 1 ft. Mexico. See Dicksouia. Cibotium. CibOUl Onion (Allium fistulosum). See Allium. "
"
"
Cichorium
(Chicory;
Hardy esculent rooted and CHICORY. CULTURE OF coffee; leaves, when
Witloof;
salad
forced,
"
Endive). Ord. "
Compositae.
vegetables. Roots
used
for salad. ,
97
when
dry
for
with
mixing
Soil,rich light. Position, open, E
VAEDENINO.
OF
MNOYOLOPMDIA
first week trees. Sow seeds ^ in. deep in drills 15 in. asunder in No row. in. 8 to Thin when inch apart an seedlings high them " store in Nov. Lift roots artificial manures required. liquidor roots in dry soil or sand in outhouse. Force leaves for salad by placing close together in large pots or deep box, using ordinary soil. Put pots Gather blanched boxes in temp. 55" to 65", " keep quite dark. or away from in May.
leaves when three Field Culture potatoes or wheat.
six inches long. Chiooey: Soil, deep sandy loam, following in autumn, Plough in 12 tons of manure per acre of guano in May in drills 18 in. " 5 cwt. in spring before sowing. Sow apart, afterwards thinning seedlingsto 8 in. apart. Quantity of seed in Oct. to sow 3 lb. "Harvest an acre, crop Average yield per acre, 8 to 10 tons. Cost of cultivation : Seed, 2s. 6d. per lb. ; ploughing and Si to "5 per acre; hoeing, harrowing, 20s. to 30s. per acre; manures. d"2 10s. per acre 10s. ; digging " washing roots, ; seed " sowing per acre, 10s. after JC2 10s. ; cartingroots to factory, "1 Average cost per acre wheat, dE15; after potatoes,."11. Average value per ton, 343. Average to
op
JBIT. blanched Leaves when used for salads. OF ENDIVE: Soil, light rich. Position, open garden or on south or west borders. for early crop, July Sow seeds J in. deep in drills 4 in. apart in June for raaincrop, Aug. for late crop. Transplant seedlings when they Water formed four leaves 12 in. apart each way. have freelyin dry Blanch weather. early crop in Aug., main crop in Sept., late crop in Oct. by covering each plant by slate, tile,board, or inverted pot with drainage hole plugged. Lift remainingplants in Nov. " store close ing. blanchtogetherin cold frame, coveringthem with dry leaves to ensure Seed two or three years old yield the dwarfest plants. CULTIVATED: 0. intybus SPECIES (Chicory), blue, July, 2 ft., Britain; ISiS. Introdnoed eadivia (endive),bine, July, 2 ft.. Orient. returns
per
acre,
OULTUEE
Cimicif
(Snake-root;Bug-bane; Bugwort).
UgrSL
"
Ord. Banuncu-
perenniafa.Introduced
1737. laceae. Hardy moist Plant, CULTURE: Soil,ordinary. Position, shady borders. seeds in 1-16 March in. sown light Propagate by deep Oct., Nov., or in Sept.;division of roots in March. soil in cold frame cordiCULTIVATED: C. americana, white, Aug., 3 ft., N. America; SPECIES davurioa, white, July, 4 ft., China; elata, folia, white, Jnly, 3 ft., N. America; foetida, white, July, 2 ft., Europe; racemosa, white, July, 3 ft., N. America; white, Aug., 3 ft., N. America. See Nothochlsena. Cincinalis. See Senecio. Cineraria. Fern Cinnamon (Osmunda cinnamomea). See Osmunda. Root Cinnamon (InulaGonyza). See Inula. Rose Cinnamon (Bosa cinnamomea). See Bosa. See Poteutilla. Cinque-foil. Cirrhopetalum (Medusa's Head Orchid)."Ord. Orchidaceae. orchids. First introduced 1839. Stove epiphytalevergreen herbaceous
"
"
"
"
"
"
CULTtJEE: tion, Compost, equal parts fibrous peat " sphagnum. Posiwell-drained pots, baskets, or blocks of wood, in partial shade. Water freelywhen plants are growing, moderately other Pot, March. Oct. 55" to 65"; March to March times. to Oct. 65" to 75". Temp., division of ter. pseudo-bulbsin March. Propagate by Bestingperiod,winFlowers after
appear
at
base
of
pseudo-bulb of previous year'sgrowth
resting period.
SPECIES
ameaianum,
CULTIVATED;
0.
Oollettii, purple,yellow, April, 8 in., Burma; 6 in., Trop. Aaia ; Commlngii, red and purple,
yellow and purple, June,
88
BNCYGLOP^DIA
OF
GARDENING.
autumn, 6 in., Fhilippines ; elegantulum, maroon, grandiMay, 6 in., Madras; florum, yellow and crimson, May, 8 in., Ceylon j ornatissimum, yellow and purple, and Oct., 8 in., Himalayas; pioturatum, green robustum, red, red, 8 in., Malaya; yellow, and purple, June, 1 ft., New Guinea; Ttionarsii,yellow, July, 1 ft., MasIslands.
care
CiSSUS." Cistus
See
Yitis.
(Eock Rose;
hardy
evergreen CULTTJRE:
shrubs.
Gum
Cistus)."Ord.
First introduced
Cistacese.
Hardy
half-
"
1548.
Soil,good ordinary.
cold Position, pots in frame or rockeries or against south walls. Plant, March. in severe Protect weather. 1-16 in. deep Propagate by seeds sown in boxes of sandy soil in cold frame unheated or greenhouse in March, transplantingseedlingsinto small pots " planting outdoors in June ; by cuttings 4 in. long in pots of sandy soil in Sept. in cold frame or
greenhouse, sunny
greenhouse. CULTIVATED: SPECIES C. albidus, white, 2 ft.,S.W. Europe; orispus, purple, ft.,S. Europe; oyprius, white, 4 ft., Cyprus; florentinue,white, 4 ft., 8. Europe; ladaniferus, white, 4 ft., S.W. Europe; ladaniferus albiflorns,white; ladaniferus and maculatus, white purple; laurifolius,white, 4 ft., S.W. Europe; longifolius white, 8 ft., S.W. Europe; purpureus,, purple, 2 ft., Levant; monspeliensis, white, 3 ft., S. Europe. Citron var. cedra). See Citrus. (Citrusmedica Citron-scented Gardenia (Miriostigma axillaris). See
a
"
"
Miriostigma. Citron-scented See
Geranium
(Pelargonium citriodorum)."
Pelargonium.
Citron-scented
Orchid
(Odontoglossum citrosmum).
"
See
Odontoglossum. Citrus (Orange; Lemon; Shaddock; Adam's Apple; Lime; Citron; Greenhouse shrubs. Forbidden Fruit). Ord. Rutacea). evergreen to First introduced 1595. Flowers, white, fragrant ; May July. Fruit : Sweet Orange, golden rind, globular; Lemon, pale yellow, rind thin, oblong; Citron, yellow, thick rind, long, egg-shaped, lump at tip; Shaddock, greenishyellow, bitter rind, large, round; Lime, greeiiiBh rind, globular,with nippleat top; Mandarin, reddish yellow,smooth St. red dark rind, pulp, large; Tangerine, syn. with Mandarin; red large. rind, globular, Michael's, two : Compost, CULTURE parts good turfy loam, one part dry cow .
"
dung, charcoal, crushed Position, pots, tubs, or
bones, " bsSlast. Pot, Feb., March,
or
April.
be well drained, in cool or sligntly to Oct., moderately afterMarch wards. Water freely heated greenhouses. week to from a manure once plants healthy May liquid Apply Stand in trees summer. or trees during daily pots to Oct. Syringe to Sept. June Repotting should tubs in sheltered positionoutdoors Prune is actually necessary. than oftener straggling be done not Temp., Sept. to Feb. 45" to 50"; Feb. to shoots into shape in March. pagate Proone year will not ripen till next. Sept. 55" to 65". Fruit formed soil in temp. 55" in March in for in. light deep seeds sown J by choice kinds on ; by cuttings inserted in for stocks grafting producing of sandy soil in July ; layeringin Oct. ; by budding in Aug. ; small
beds, all
to
pots
bv
erraftingin
March.
(Sweet Orange), 12 to 15 ft., Trop. Orange); aurantium bigaradia (Seville anrantinm Insitanioa guese (Portuaurantium japonioa (Kumqnat) ; melitensis anrantium (Blood Orange); aurantium myrteOrange); anrantinm variegata (Variegated Orange); Orange); (Myrtle-leaved folia (Citron), 10 ft., Trop. Asia; (Shaddock), 15 ft.. Tropics; media decumana limonnm nobilis (Lemon); limetto medica (Sweet Lime), 10 ft.; medioa
SPECIES America; Orange)
lIULTITATED:
anrantium
C.
aurantium
berga.mia (Bergamot
"
99
e2
major is
a
GARDENING.
OF
ENOYGLOP^DIA
nobilis tangerana be grown whioh may
(Maudaria Orange); shrub hardy evergreen
trifoliata
C.
(Tangerine Orange). outdoors.
ciduous (Yellow-wood Tree). Ord. Leguminosae. Hardy deFirst introduced 1812. flowering shrubs. CULTUEE: shrubberies, or singly Soil, ordinary. Position, open
CladrastiS
lawns.
on
ordinary spring.
"
Plant,
Oct.
soil outdoors
Propagate by seeds sown March; cuttingsof root inserted
to Feb.
in
1 in.
deep
outdoors
in in
CULTIVATED: 0. amarensis, vrhite,July, 6 ft.,Amurland; SPECIES tinotoria, States. white, July, IS ft., United First introduced Clarkia^ Ord. Onagrariaese. Hardy annuals. "
1826.
Position,sunny borders or beds. Sow where in June in rows masses or or deep April,May, plants in. high. Thin in. when to 8 3 flower. to are required seedlings apart SPECIES CULTIVATED 0. elegans, rosy purple, July, 2 ft. ; pnlohella,Tarions : colours, single and double, 2 ft. ; rhombodea, purple, June, 2 ft., all natiTes of CULTURE seeds i in.
N.W.
:
America.
Soil, light,rich.
Numerous
superior varieties
described
Clary (Salviasclarea). See Salvia. Ord. Portulacaceae. ClaytOnia. Hardy
in
trade
lists.
"
"
annuals
"
perennials.
First introduced 1768. OULTUEE: Soil, for annual
peat
or
bog.
species, ordinary;for perennials,damp der species; moist " shady borin March. or Oct. perennials Propagate in April; perennialsby seeds outdoors
Position, rockery for annual
for
perennials. Plant speciesby seeds sown or by offsets in Oct. similarly, annual
or
March.
0. perfoliata, white, June, 6 in., N. America; pink, JUarch, 6 in., N. America. FBBENNIAL SPECIES: 0. oaroliniana, pink, ilay, 6 in., N. America; white, April, 6 in., N. America. ANNUAL
SPECIES:
sihirica,
virginioa,
Clematis Greenhouse (Virgin'sBower). Ord. Ranunculaceae. All and hardy climbers and herbaceous perennials. very showy plants. CULTURE SPECIES CLIMBING OF HARDY : Soil,rich,deep,welldrained and loam containing plenty of old mortar decayed manure. old tree trellises, Position, sunny arches, stumps, arbours, etc.; also in beds with shoots trained over surface. Plant in autumn or spring. in Feb. Prune and Lanuginosa Florida, Montana, Patens, Pruning: kinds as only need to have weak shoots removed they flower on the Coccinea kinds old wood. and require weak growths tips of strong removed. Viticella and Jackmanni ones previous require year's groups Peed nealthyplants shoots to be cut back to six inches from their base. with weak occasionallyin summer liquid manure. Top-dress those in in beds with manure autumn. decayed grown IN POTS: CULTURE Compost, two parts loam, one part of equal "
proportionsof leaf-mould, decayed
" sand. Plant in pots or manure, Train shoots up roof of cold or cool greenhouse, or tubs in June. wire trellis fixed in pots. Water around to Sept. Apply freelyMarch weak occasionallyin summer. liquid manure Keep soil nearly dry shoots to 3 or 4 in. from Prune in winter. base early in the year. OP GREENHOUSE CULTURE SPECIES: Compost as for above. in pots or in well-drained bed, planting Grow in spring. Water freely modferately in winter. Prune weak during the summer, away growths a little in Feb. and shorten Train shoots near rampant ones tne roof. to Sept.65" to 65"Temp., Sept. to March 45" to 55"; March Syringe freelydaily in summer. OF HERBACEOUS CULTURE SPECIES: Soil, ordinary rich. borders. Plant in autumn Position, sunny or spring. an-
TVjp-dress
100
OF
ENOYOLOP^DIA
tion, front of shrubberies. sown J in. deep outdoors
in
Plant, Nov. March, or
OASDSNINO. to Feb. of in boxes
by Propagat^ light
sou
in
seeds
temp.
in Oct. ; in sandy soil under bell-glass ; winter. in flower G. alnifolia suitable for forcing to layering in Oct. whii", Sept.. 4 ft., 0. alnifolia 'species CULTIVATED: (Sweet Pepper BubW, 4 ft.; acuminata (Waite Mioliauxii, i ft.; alnifolia paniculata, Florida; alnifolia canescene, Alder), white, Sept., 10 ft.; arborea, white, Sept., 8 ft., Madeira; white, Aug., 8 ft.,China. ClianthUS (Glory Pea; Parrot'a-bill ; Sturt's Desert Pea). Ord. 55"
in
Feb.
cuttings inserted
"
Leguminosae.
climbing
Greenhouse
shrubs
"
herbaceous
perennials.
1832. introduced " silver CULTURE : Compost, two parts loam, one part leaf-mould sand. Position, pots or beds in greenhouse. Pot or plant, March. 2 in. of their base. Prune in April,shortening young shoots to within Water to Sept.,moderately afterwards. Syringe foliage freelyMarch 45" to 50" ; March to Oct. daily April to Aug. Temp., Oct. to March walls in 55" to 65"C. puuiceus succeeds outdoors against warm Devonshire. J in. deep in well-drained Propagate by seeds sown pot of light soil in temp. 75" in March ; cuttings of shoots inserted in sandy soil in temp. 75" to 85" in March or April. SPECIES CULTIVATED: 0. Dampieri, scarlet, April, 3 ft,, Australia; punlcena Zealand, niagnificus,crimson. May, 6 ft., New Cliff Fern. See Fellsea. Brake Dahlia Climbing: (Hidalgoa WercHei)." See Hidalgoa. Fern -See Lygodium. Clinribing (Lygodium scandens)." Cllnnbing:' Fumitory (Adlumia cirrhosa)."See Adlumia. Groundsel Climbins (Seneciomikanoides). See Senecio. Climbins Hydrangea (Schizophragma hydrangeoides)."See First
"
"
Schizophragma. Climbing: Snake'S-tong:ue See Lygodium.
Fern
(Lygodium scandens)."
Clintoniai Ord. Liliacese. Hardy herbacfeoua perennials. First introduced 1788. CULTURE Plant, : Soil,sandy peat. Position, moist shady border. division in March roots Oct. or March. of or April. Propagate by SPECIES CULTIVATED: 0. andrewsiana, rose, April, 2 ft.,California; borealis, umbellata yellow, May, I ft., N. America; (Syn. Smilaoiua umbellata), white, 9 in., N. uniflora America; May, uniflora), white, July, 6 in., (Syn. Smilaoina "
California.
Clitoria
Ord. Leguminosse. Stove evergreen introduced 1739. flowering CULTURE : Compost, equal parts peat, leaf -mould, loam, " silver sand. Position, pots, tubs, or beds in light plant stove. Pot or plant, March. Water n-eely April to Sept., moderately afterwards, 55" to 65" ; March to Oct. 70" to 80". Oct. to March Propagate by seeds in soil in 75" in sown Jin. deep light temp. March; cuttingsof side inserted in sandy peat in temp. S0" at any time shoots CULTIVATED: SPECIES 0. ternatea, blue, July, 4 ft.,E. Indies; ternates alba, ternatea white. May; cesrulea, blue. May; ternatea major, brown, Aug, Clivia (CafEre Lily). Ord. Amaryllidacese. Greenhouse evergreen flowering plants. Fleshy-rooted. Foimerly known by the genericname of Imantophyllum. First introduced 1823. CULTURE: Compost, two-thirds good loam, one-third decayed " sand. manure Position, sunny, close to glass in greenhouse Pot, Feb. Water to Sept. 65" to 75". freelyMarch Propagate by seeds sown in light soil in temp. 75" in March; division of roots at potting time.
(ButterflyPea).
climbers.
"
First
ifemp.,
"
102
BNCYCLOPMDIA
QARDENINO.
OF
SPECIES CULTIVATED C. oyrthaniflora, orange, : spring, hybrid; Gardeni, orange-yellow, May, 18 in., S. Africa; miniata, scarlet and yellow, spring,Natal; Tarieties of 0. There numerous nqbilis,red and yellow, July, S. Africa. are miniata which are superior to the parent species. Cloak Fern (Nothoclsenadistaus)."See Nothloclsena. Cloud Grass (Agrostianebulosa). See Agrostis. Clove Gllliflower See Dianthus. (Dianthus Clove-Pink Dianthus. (Dianthus caryophyllus)."See Club Lily." See Kniphofia. Club Moss (Ljrcopodium clavatum). See Lycopodium. Club Rush (ScirpuB nodosus). See Scirpus. Clustered panula. Bell-flower (Campanula glomorata). See Cam"
caryophylluS." "
"
"
Clustered
Wax-flower
Ste-
(Stephanotisfloribunda)."See
phanotis. Cluster CniCUS
Pine-tree (Pinus pinaster)."See Pimis. (FishboneThistle). Ord. Compositse. Hardy " half-hardy perennials. Orn. foliage. CULTURE OF HARDY SPECIES : Soil, ordinary. Position, sunny borders. outdoors Plant, autumn or spring. Increased by seeds sown in April. CULTURE
"
OP
HALF-HARDY
SPECIES
pots in cool greenhouse,"or ornamental Cut off flower heads Plant, May or June.
:
Soil,ordinary.Position,
beds
outdoors
in
summer.
if handsome in be desired. foliage light soil in temp, of 60" to 70" in Feb., or in Sept. in similar temj).,keeping All best grown biennials. as seedingsin greenhouse during winter. SPECIES: 0. Oasabonae HALF-HARDT (Syn. Chamsepeuoe Oasabonse), purple, leaves with white, 2 to 3 ft., S. Europe ; 0. Diaoantha spiny, veined summer, leaves green, veined white, ivory Diacantha), purple, summer, ^8yn. Chamsepeuoe spines, 2 to 3 ft., Syria. 3 ft.,Europe. 0. epinosissima, yellow, summer, HAHDT SPECIES: Mexican Ord. Polemoniaand Cobsea Ivy). Saucer-plant; (Cup " half-hardy climbing perennial. First introduced Greenhouse ceae. 1792. CULTURE: Compost, equal parts loam, leaf-mould, " silver sand. Position, pots or beds in greenhouse, or against south or south-west in summer. Plant Pot, March. walls, arches, or trellises outdoors 50" to 55"; March to Sept. in June. outdoors Temp., Sept. to March Water 60" to 70". moderately other times. gate Propafreelyin summer, in soil seeds in sown Jin. by deep light temp. 75" ordinary species in March; variegated speciesby cuttingsof young side shoots inserted in sandy peat in temp. 75" in March or April. C. soandens, purple, summer, 10 to 30 ft., Mexico; CULTIVATED: SPECIES Ecandens anrea marginata, leaves variegated with yellow. Cob-nut (CorylusAvellana var. grandis).See Corylus. Leek House Cobweb (Sempervivum arachnoideum). See
directlythey appear seeds sown J m. by deep Propagate
"
"
"
Sempervivum. Cochineal Cochlearia
See Opuntia. (Horse-radish).Ord. Cruciferae.
Cactus.
"
"
perennial. CULTURE: Soil, ordinary, deep,
Hardy
esculent-
rooted
rich. Position, open or shade. in 2ft. Sin. rows Jan. or Feb., apart. Sets (roots)to be deep Plant, off. in. of crown Re-plant 3 in. long, with pared \ every third year. seeds outdoors wanted. in July; sown Lift for use by as Propagate at time. roots of planting cuttings 0. armoraoia, white. May, 3 ft., England. OTJLTIVATED: SPECIES 103
(Celosiacristata). See Celosia. Grass (Dactylisglomerata). See Dactylis. Palm (Cocosnucifera). See Cocos.
Cock's-Comb oot Cock's-f Cocoanut Cocoa Cocos
GARDENING.
OF
ENCYCLOPEDIA
"
"
"
Tree (Theobroma (Cocoanut Palm). "
cacao). "
Ord.
See
Palmaceae.
Theobroma. Stove
ijalms.
Orn.
1690. First introduced Leaves, feather-shape (pinnate). CDXiTURE: Compost, two parts loam, equal parts peat " sand. Water Pot, March. Position, pots in shady stove. freelyMarch to in. 1 Oct. 70" to 85". deep in light soil in Propagate by seeds sown 85" time. at any temp. OULTiVATBD: 0. nuoifera SPE0IE8 (Coooa-nut Palm), 40 to 60 ft., Tropics'; plumosa, 40 to 60 ft., Brazil; romanzoffiana, 30 to 40 ft., Brazil; weddelliana,
foliage.
3 to
ft., Brazil.
4
Ord. Buphorbiaceae. South Sea Laurel). 1804. Leaves Orn. foliage. First introduced beautifullyvariegatedwith various colours. CULTURE: part peat " sand. Ctompost, two parts rich loam, one March. Water Position, pots in stove close to the glass. Pot, freely 55" to to Sept., moderately afterwards. March Temp., Oct. to March to Oct. 70" to 85". 65"; March Propagate by cuttingsof the ends of shoots inserted singly in 2 in. pots filled with sandy soil in temp. 75" in similar temp. ; stem-rooting in at any time, or in bottles of water March or April. 3 to 10 ft., OULTITATED: C. variegatniu, Icayes yellow and SPECIES green, Codiseum
Stove
(Croton
evergreen
or
"
shrubs.
Malaya. HYBRIDS
PRINCIPAL
VARIETIES:
OR
C.
aigburthiensie,leaves
red
and
red and crimson ; Chelsoni, orange, angustifolium, yellow and ; green scarlet ; Hawkeri, white and evansianum, yellow, crimson, and creamy green, and yellow; interruptum aureus, illustris,green purple, green, and yellow; green; and yellow; Lalngii, green, red, and salmon; pictnratum, green, Johannls, green yellow and red ; yariegatnm tricolor, green, golden yellow and cream ; Warrenii, carmine crimson and and ; Williamsii, green, green magenta ; Weismannli, orange crimson, and magenta. green, Codlins and Cream (Narcissusincomparabilisfl. pi.). See Narcissus. Codonopsis (Bellwort). Ord. Campauulacese. Hardy perennial herbs. CULTURE borders. : Soil, ordinary good. Plant, Position, sunny seeds in cold autumn frame in spring, or sown spring. Propagate by plantingout seedlingsin June; also by cuttingsin autumn. olematidea SPECIES CULTIVATED : C. (Syn. Glosocomia olcmatidea),white and 3 ft.; oyata, blue, summer, 1 ft., Himalayas. blue, summer, Ord. Orchidaceae. Stove epiphytalorchids. First CcslOSyne. 1822. introduced CULTURE : Compost, equal parts fresh sphagnum moss " fibrypeat. Position, pots or pans half filled with potsherds," placed close to glass. have base of plant well above rim of pot or pan. Pot, Feb. or March; 70" March to to to 65" 85"; Nov. to 75^;Nov. to Sept. Sept. Temp., 60" to 70". Water to Aug., moderately Aug. to March freely March to March. Nov., very little Nov. to Aug. Growing season, March Feb. to Flowers Sept from of new Resting period. centre appear after division of resting. at growth Propagate by pseudo-bulbs green
;
"
"
"
potting
time. SPECIES
Himalayas
;
OULTITATED cristata
0.
cristata, white
and yellow, Feb. to April, 6 to 10 in., cristata lemoniana, yellow, white and lemon ; in., Borneo ; fusoescens, red, brown, and Sept., :
white alba,^
;
yellow, June, 6 dayana, in., Himalayas ; massangeana, yellow and white and yellow, July, 1 ft., Sunda Islands
green,
9 9
in., Malaya. 104.
;
red, June, 1 ft., Assam ; sanderiana, speciosa, yellow and brown, autumn,
ENCYCLOPMIHA Coffea First two
OF
OAEDENINO.
shrubs. Bubiacese. Stove evergreen small reddish,fleshyberry, containing in parchment-likeshell. Bears the coffee berries of
Ord. (Coffee-tree). "
introduced, 1696.
seeds
enclosed
Fruit,
a
commerce.
CULTUBE: Compost, two sand. Position,pota in moist
" part leaf -mould Temp., March to Sept.75 to 85"^; 60" to 70". Water freelyin summer, Sept.to March moderately other times. ^ in. deep in light Propagate by seeds sown soil in temp. 85" in March; cuttingsof firm shoots inserted in sandy soil under bell-glassin temp. 85" in summer. SPECIES 10
to
15
CULTIVATED:
0.
parts turfy loam,
one
plant stove.
March.
arabioa
Pot,
(Arabian
Coffee), irlite, fragrant, Sept.,
ft., Arabia.
Coffee Coix
Tree
(Coffea arabica). See Coffea. Gramineae. Ord. Half-hardy ornamental (Job'sTears). annual First introduced 1596. flowering grass. "
"
SoQ,light,rich.
pagate Proborder outdoors. in 65" 75" to in soil in sown temp. by light deep doors outsimilar in outdoors or depth March, transplantingseedlings May ; in Aprilwhere plants are to flower. 2 to 3 ft.,Trop. Asia. CULTIVATED Grey pearly SPECIES : 0. Laohryma-Jobi,
CULTURE
:
seeds
seeds
Position, sunny
J in.
chief attraotion.
ColChican Prunus.
Laurel
ColChiCUin
(Autumn
Meadow
Crocus;
colchica).
Laurocerasus
(Pruuus
"
See
Liliacea;.
Saffron). Ord. "
bulbous floweringplants. enriched with decayed manure CTJLTUEE : Soil, light sandy loam, leaf-mould. Position, moist beds or rockeries, shrubbery borders, or bulbs 3 in. deep " 3 in. apart in Plant shade of trees. lawns near or Foliage dies down in June " July, " does not reappear July or Aug. | in. deep in until after plant has flowered. Propagate by seeds sown boxes of similar in Aug. or Sept.,or in pans or bed of fine soil outdoors in. 3 time, transplantingseedlings apart when soil in cold frame at same bulbs not flower do Seedling two years old ; division of bulbs in Aug. until four or five years old. Antumnale, CULTIVATED purple, Sept., 8 in., Europe (Britain); SPECIES ; speciosuin, lilac-purple,Sept., and purple, Sept., 6 in., Greece; byzantinum, rose Also numerous and purple, Sept., 6 in., S. Europe. Caueasus; variegatum, wbite
Hardy
of
varieties
C.
autumnale.
Geranium).
Nettle; Nettle
(Flame
Coleus
"
Ord.
Labiatae.
Stove
1764. perennials. Orn. foliage" flowering. First introduced CULTURE part well-decayed parts turfyloam, one : Oompost, two
little sand. Position, pots in stove in winter, Pot, Feb. or March, pressing soil firmly in greenhouse in summer. 75" to 85"; to June 60" to 70"; March pots. Temp., Sept. to March to Water March, freely moderately Sept. June to Sept.65" to 75. very kinds requirt to have points of their Ornamental-leaved afterwards. dwarf or shoots pinched off in early stage of their growth to ensure in. in 1-16 seeds sown light deep good shaped plants. Propagate by serted or April; cuttingsof young shoots insoil in temp. 75" in Feb., March
leaf-mould,
manure,
in
light soil
"
of cocoanut-fibre
CULTIVATED: SPECIES bronze-red, .Tava,
C.
refuse
at
any
time;
grafting and
(Syn. 0. Verschaffeltii),white
Blumei
ornamental-leaved kinds of the parent (Winter-floweringColeus), blue, ,Tan. to April, 3 ft., Trop. Africa.
leaves
in
;
purple, thrysoides
-
Cole-wort. Colletla. shrubs.
spines.
"
See
Brassica.
Rhamnaceae. (Anchor-plant).--Ord. First
introduced
1823. 105
Branches
Half-hardy armed
with
green ever-
able formid-
ilNOTOLOPMDiA CULTURE in S. of
Plant
England.
long, inserted Aug. or Sept.
in Oct.
well-drained
in
in.
6
borders shoots of firm Propagate by cuttings in cold frame soil of in sandy pots
Position, sheltered, well-drained
Soil, loamy.
:
OARDMINO.
OF
aQLTIVATED : C. oruoiata, white, autumn, 4 to 10 ft.,TJrngnay. nuals. Collinsia Ord. Scrophulariaceae.Hardy an(Cbllins's-flower;. First introduced, 1826. pagate ProCULTURE: Soil, ordinary. Position, open beds or borders. in Sept., March, or April by seeds sown Jin. deep outdoors where plantsare requiredto flower. Thin seedlingsto 6 in. apart when SPECIES
"
high.
2 in.
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
bioolor, purple and flora, lilac, June, N.
tartsiffifolia,purple, June, 1 ft., California; 1 ft.,California; bioolor alba, white; grandiwhite and blue, Kay, 1 ft., America; verna,
0.
wliite, summer, 18
in., N.W.
America.
Collomia.
plants
Ord.
"
ducEid 1826. CULTURE by seeds
Polemoniaceae.
First
intro-
Soil, ordinary. Position, open beds or borders. gate Propain Sept.,March or | in. deep outdoors April where
:
sown
flower.
required to
are
annuals.
Hardy
Thin
Sin.
seedlings to
apart
when
2 in.
high. SPECIES and
CULTIVATED:
yellow,
ooooinea, red, June, 18 in.. Chili; grandiflora,red
C.
in., California.
18
summer,
Colocasia (West Indian Kale; Taro Boot)." Ord. Aroideae. Stove herbaceous Orn. foliage. First plants with perennialtuberous roots. introduced 1551. Leaves, shield-like,heart or egg-shaped,deep green. CULTURE : Compost, equal parts turfyloam, peat, leaf-mould, " silver sand. Pot Position, well-drained pots in shady plant stove.
moderately
firm transfer
Feb. Nov. Nov.
in
pots just largeenough to take tubers in Feb. or larger pots in April or May. Water moderately April " Sept. to Nov., freely April to Sept.; keep quite dry Feb. Temp., Feb. to Sept. 70 to 80"; Sept. to Nov. 65* to 75"; Feb. 55" to 65". Propagate by dividing the tubers in Feb. or
March; to to
to
to
March. SPECIES
CULTIVATED
Colt'S-fOOt." Columbine Columnea. First introduced CULTURE charcoal.
:
long,
0.
Antiqnorum
esonlentam,
2 to 1
ft..Tropics.
Tussilago. (Aquilegiavulgaris). See Aquilegia. Ord. Gesneriaceae. Stove evergreen trailingshrubs. "
"
1759.
Compost, equal parts
Position,
fibrous
" peat, sphagnum moss Water Plant, March. freely winter. 60" to 70"; Temp., Sept. to March Propagate by cuttings of firm shoots 3 in.
hanging
baskets.
in 70" 80". to Sept. inserted in pots of above
moderately
in summer, to
March
:
See
compost
mixed
with
in
sand,
temp.
85", Feb. SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
floweringshrubs. weak
anrantiaoa, orange, June, New Ord. Legumiuosae.
First
introduced
etc.
Plant,
Oct.
to
Grenada.
Hardy
deciduous
1568.
Soil, ordinary. Position,
CULTURE:
banks,
C.
(Bladder Senna)."
Colutea
open
shady shrubberies,
or
Feb.
Prune, Nov., simply cutting away shoots " shortening straggling ones. Propagate by seeds sown deep outdoors in Oct. or March; cuttings of firm shoots inserted
1 in. in sandy
soil outdoors
SPECIES
cruenta,
red
Combretum evergreen
in Oct.
CULTIVATED: and yellow,
C.
July,
6
arboresoens, yellow, Ang.,
(Caffre Butter-shrub)." Ord. climbers.
First
10
ft.. S
Europe;
ft.,Orient.
introduced 106
1820.
Combretacea.
Stove
BNCYOLOPMDIA CULTURE
:
Compost,
pots,tubs,
OF two
borders
GARDENING.
parts loam,
one
part peat " sand.
tion, Posi-
in
plant stove, shoots trained to pillarsor Prune side shoots to within 2 in. of base after Water to Sept., floweringk cut away all weak ones. freelyMarch afterwards. to moderately Aug. Temp., March Syringe daily March to Setjt. 70" to 85" ; Sept. to March 55" to 65". Propagate by cuttings of side shoots 3 in. long, removed with slight portionof stem attached, " inserted in well-drained pot of sandy soil in temp. 85" in summer. 20 SPECIES CULTIVATED: C. cocoineum, scarlet, autumn, ft., Madagascar; grandiflorum, scarlet, May, '5 it., Trop. Afiica; purpureum, scarlet, Sept., 20 ft,, fflCadagascar. See Symphytum. Comfrey." roof.
or
Pot, March.
Commelina
(Blue Spfder-wort; Day-flower)."Ord. " hardy herbaceous perennials. First
Commelinaintroduced
Greenhouse 1759. CUIiTUEE GREENHOUSE SPECIES: OF Compost, equal parts Position, pots in sunny greenhouse. peat, loam, leaf -mould, " sand. little afterwards. to Sept., very Water Pot, March. freely March 45" to 50". to Sept. 55" to 65"; Sept. to March Temp., March SPECIES: Position, HARDY CULTURE OF Soil, light,rich. Plant well-drained bed border. or sheltered, fleshy roots in warm, thick layer of soils with winter Protect roots on light during April. in cold districts in Sept. " store away Lift' roots ashes or manure. in Ai"ril.Propagate similarly to dahlias in frost-proof place, replanting in 75" in in. in soil March, 1-6 seeds sown temp. by deep light transplantingseedlingsoutdoors in May to flower in Aug. ; division of
cese.
fleshyroots in April. 0. SPECIES: 2 ft., Mexico.
GEEENH0TJ8E'
africana,
trailing, S.
yellow. May,
Africa:
elliptica,white, July,
-C. ooelestis,blue, July, 18 in., Mexico SPECIES: HABDT virginioa, blue, July, 1 ft.,Virginia. Stove Ord. Orchidaccae. Comparettia.
;
epiphytal orchids.
"
First introduced
CULTURE blocks
1836.
Compost,, sphagnum
:
of wood
of
new
Position, on Ee-block, March or to Sept. 65" to 85";
fibry peat.
moss,
roof in plant stove. all times. freely at Temp., March 70". to 60" Resting period,none.
suspendedfrom
April. Water Sept.to March centre
ooelestis alba, wbite;
resting. Propagate by
after
growth
Flowers division
in appear of plant in
March. CULTIVATED: SPECIES 1 ft.; falcata, rose.
pink,
Compass Comptonia. Conandron. introduced
CULTURE:
1
"
Ord.
"
Silphium.
Myrica.
See
"
ft., Brazil; oryptooera,
See
(Silphiumlaciniatum).
Plant
First
coocinea, scarlet, Aug., 6 in., Mexico.
C.
May,
Gesneriaceae.
Hardy
herbaceous
perennial.
1879.
Position, fissures of moist, sheltered Soil, peat " loam. winters with covering or Plant, March April. Protect in severe
rockery. in well-drained pots of of dry litter. Propagate by seeds sown frame in cold fine with or covered " mould, greenhouse just sandy peat March SPECIES
or
April; division CULTIVATED
Cone-flower. Cone-head.^See
Constantinople
: "
of C.
See
plant in
March.
ramondidides,pink,
summer,
1
ft.,Japan.
Rudbeckia.
Strobilauth^s. See Corylus. Nut'(Corylus colurna)." (Lilyof the Talley;May Lily). Ord, LihaceEe. perennial. _
Convallaria
Hardy
herbaceous
"
107
OUTDOOR
CULTURE
GARDENING.
OF
ENCYCLOPEDIA :
cayed Compost, equal parts loam, leaf-mould, de-
shade of under borders border for early trees, high walls, or fences for general culture; south 2 or 3 in. apart, with pointsjust below flowering. Plant single crowns Lift and surface, in Sept. " Oct. replant every four years, always by themselves, next size alone, " smallest similargestcrowns "
manure,
sharp sand.
Position, beds
or
filanting arly. Mulch bed annually in manure
POT Plant Oct. or
once
a
CULTURE:
clump
one
Feb. with decayed manure. Apply liquid than a year old. Sept.,to beds more Compost, equal parts good soil " leaf-mould. in a 6 in. pot, well drained in dozen singlecrowns
week. May or
a
to
place inverted pot over crowns " stand pots in cold frame into heat, or allow until then under remove or Jan., greenhouse stage window. Water to bloom only when soil naturally in greenhouse or in winter, freelywhen needs moisture growth begins. close together in shallow FoBCiNO boxes, with : Place singlecrowns Nov.
cocoanut-fibre refuse between roots, " put boxes in temp. 80" to 85". until with inverted box or thick layer of moss Cover points of crowns it. After forcing,crowns of no value for flowers appear, then remove roots flower quickly Retarded floweringagain,therefore discard them. without much J in. deep in lightsoil forcing. JPropagate by seeds sown outdoors in March Sept. or Oct. ; division of crowns SPECIES CULTIVATED: 0. majalie, white, spring, 6 in., Europe (Britain), eto. ; majalis flore-pleno,double ; majalis prolifloans,tall variety ; majalisrosea, rose tinted; majalis variegata, leaves variegated. Ord. Convolvulacese. Convolvulus. Hardy annual " perennial "
climbing
or
trailingplants. : Soil, ordinary rich. Position, dwarf
kinds in open beds " base of arbours, trellises,walls, or trunks of trees. Plant Sow annual perennialsin March. speciesin April where required to grow, and thin seedlingsto 8 in. apart when 2 in. high. in March where plants ^ in. deep outdoors Propagate by seeds sown in nursery to flower, or are bed, afterwards transplantingseedlings to permanent position or April. ; division of fleshyroots in March C. tricolor, various ANNUAL SPECIES 1 ft., S. Europe. : colours, summer, PERENNIAL SPECIES: 0. manritanious, blue, Jul;, trailing, S. Europe; chinensis, purple and crimson, .Tuly, 6 ft. See also Calystegia and Ipomiea. CULTURE
borders;
tall
CooperlEl
kinds
at
(Evening Star). Ord.
Amaryllidacese.
"
Half-hardy
bulbous plants. CULTURE: tion, PosiCompost, equal parts peat, loam, " leaf-mould. in cool cold frame. or Jan. Feb. Water or greenhouse Pot, pots moderately until growth begins,then givefreely; discontinue watering after Sept. " keep soil dry during winter. Temp., Sept. to Feb. 40" to May, 50" to 55"; May to Sept. 55" to 65"to 45"; Feb. Propagate by offsets in Feb. 0. Drummondii, CULTIVATED; SPECIES white, Aug., 9 in., Texas; pedunoulata, white, Aug., 6 in., Texas. Balsam-tree Copalm (Liquidambar styraciflua). See "
Liquidambar.
Copper-coloured See
Beech
(Fagus sylvatica var.
cuprea)."
Fagus.
Copper-leaf Coprosma
(Acalypha musaica). See Acalypha. (Tasmanian Currant)." Ord. Rubiacea. Halt-hardy shrub. Orn. foliage. Leaves, egg-shaped, green, blotched evergreen or variegated vnth creamy yellow. Fruit, coral red. CULTURE: Compost, two parts sandy loam, one part leaf-mould " sand. Position, pots in cool greenhouse. Repot, March. Prune "
108
ENOTOLOPMDIA
OABDSNINO.
OF
border. IN GARDENS ; Soil, ordinary. Position, south March in. seeds in drills in. or 12 sown Propagate by Sept. ^ deep apart, FIELD loam. CULTURE: Rotation, follow Soil, deep, well-drained wheat. Sow in Oct. in drills 18 in. apart. Keep well hoed. Quantity of seed required per acre, 10 lb. Tield per acre, 10 to Harvest in Aug. CULTURE
20 cwt.
Average price per cwt.,
SPECIES
CULTIVATED
Coris
:
ISs. to 18s. satiyum, white, June, 18 in.. S. Enrope. Coris). Ord. Primulaceae. Hardy
C.
(Montpelicr
"
First introduced 1640. CULTURE : Soil, sandy rookery. Plant, March or deep in Aug. or April where SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
Cork-barked
C.
peat. Position, well-drained April. Propagate by seeds plants are to grow. monspcliensis, lilac.May,
1
beds
biennial. on
sunny 1-16 in.
sown
ft., S. Enrope.
Eliri
(Ulmus suberosa)." See Ulmus. Cork Oak (Quercus suber). See Quercus. Cornel (Cornus sanguinea). See Cornus. Cornelian Cherry (Cornus mascula)." Stee Cornus. Corn Flag; (Gladioluscommunis). See Gladiolus. "
"
"
Corn-flower (Centaurea cyanus)." See Centaurea. Cornish Elm See Ulmua. (Ulmus campestrisvar. cornubiensis). Cornish Money-wort (Sibthorpiaeuropsea)."See Sibthorpia. Corn See ChrysanMarigold (Chrysanthemum segetum). themum. "
"
Corn Salad (Valerianellaolitaria).See Yalerianella. Cornus Cornel; Cornelian (Bunch Berry; Dwarf Cherry; Corneltree; Dogwood; Dogberry; Skewerwood). Ord. Cornaceae. ciduous Hardy de"
"
trees
shrubs
"
"
herbaceous
Flowering " perennials.
orn.
foliage. Leaves,
green, or variegated with white " crimson. CULTURE OF SHRUBBY SPECIES; Soil, sandy peat for dwarf species,ordinaryfor others. Position,rocky for dwarf kinds; open or for tall species. Plant, Oct. to Feb. shady shrubberies Prune, Nov. into shape. or Dec, simply cutting branches HERBACEOUS SPECIES: Soil, bog or peat. Position,moist bed or rockery. Plant, March. Propagate shrubby kinds by cuttingsof firm shoots inserted in sandy soil outdoors in Nov. ; layeringshoots in from Oct.; suckers, removed plant in Nov. " replant at once; grafting outdoors in March variegated kinds in March ; seeds sown ; herbaceous speciesby division in March, SPECIES: SHRUBBY 0. alba, white, Jnly, 8 to 10 ft., N. Asia; alba sibirica and bronze Spaethii, leaves Tariegata, variegated; alba gold; oapitata (Syn. Benthamia white, Aug., 10 ft., N. India, hardy S. of England only; fragifera), florida {Flowering Dogwood), white, April, 10 to IS ft., N. America; mas (Cornelian aurea Cherry), yellow, Feb., 15 ft.,Europe; mas white elcgantiasima,leaves creamy and red; maa variegata, leaves edged creamy white; sanguinea (Dogwood), green,
8 ft., branches red. SPECIES: HERBACEOUS 6 in., N. America.
June,
C.
canadensis
(Dwarf
Cornel), purplish / r"-
white ,
May ..
Ord. Cornacese. Corokia." Half-hardy shrub. trailing evergreen ^ " s First introduced 1835. CULTURE : Soil, ordinary. Position, sheltered,south or west wall. Oct. to Plant, April. Propagate by cuttingsinserted in sand in welldrained bell-glass;layering shoots in Oct pan under
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
Ootoneaster,
yellow,
Coronifia Greenhouse
10
C.
ft., New
buddleiodes,yellow,
(.Crown Vetch; and
hardy
summer,
10
ft '
Zealand.
shrubs
Scorpion Senna)." Ord. "
hardy perennials. 110
New
Zealand^eaiana,
Leguminosse.
First introduced
ENCYCLOPEDIA
GARDENING.
OF
CUIiTTIEE
OP GBEBNHOTJSE SPECIES : Compost, two partsloam, " sand. in Position,pots onepart peat lightgfreenhouse.Repot, March. Prune off points of shoots in spring to induce bushy growth. Water to Oct. afterwards. March, freely Temp., Sept. to March moderately in sunny 40" to 45"; March to Sept. 55" to 65". Place plants outdoors in in. to June seeds sown lightsoxl deep \ Sept. Propagate by position well-drained 75" in in inserted March, pots of m or temp. by cuttings soil under bell-glassin temp. 55" in March, April,or May. CULTURE PERENNIALS: OF Soil, ordinary. Position, sunny rockeries or borders. Plant, Oct. or April. Propagate by seeds sown in April,or division of roots in Oct. i in. deep outdoors tered, SHRUBS: CULTURE OF HARDY Soil, ordinary. Position shelPlant Oct. Prune walls. west south or or shrubberies, warm stragglyshoots after flowering. Increased by cuttingsin cold frame in
sandy
autumn. glauoa, C. coronata, yellow, July, 2 ft., S. Europe; SPECIES: GllBBNHOtrSB 3 France; ft., glauca Tariegata, lariegated; pentaphylla, yellow, May, yellow. June, 2 ft., Algiers; valentina, yellow, Maroh, 3 ft.; Timinalis, red, Aug., 3 ft.,
Mogador. SPECIES;
PJSRBNNIAL
HAEDT
SHRUBS
:
6 in., Iberia; emeroides, in., S. Europe; varia, pink
oappadooioa, yellow, July,
C.
(Scorpion Senna),
0. Emerus
6
yellow, June,
yellow, May, 6 in., Europe; minima, and white, June, trailer, Europe.
red
and
3 to 6 ft.,
yellow,April,
deoiduous, Europe. Greenhouse
Rutacese. (AustralianFuohsia).-=-Ord.
Correa
introduced
First
shrubs. CULTURE:
part fibrous
parts peat, one
two
Compost,
green ever-
1793. loam
"
sand.
Position, pots, well drained, in light,airy greenhouse. Repot in July
directlyafter flowering. Water growth begins. Prune Temp., moderately April to July " Oct. to April,freely July to Oct. Place plants to Sept. 55* to 65". March 45" 40" to March to ; Sept. serted in sunny outdoors positionJuly to Sept. Propagate by cuttings in65" in under bell-glass temp. in well-drained pots of sandy peat buxif olia in alba or Briostemon Correa on to 75" in April; grafting" when
new
SPECIES
alba, white, June, 5 to 6 ft.; oardinalis, scarlet, scarlet, June, and white, April, 3 ft.; speoiosa, and pulohella, white, Harrisii, crimson, bioolor, ciimson C.
CULTIVATED:
March, 3 ft.; lawrenoiana, its varieties 3 ft., and of AU natives scarlet.
green
Australia. .
"
(Pampas Grass)." Ord. perennial grass. Flowering " orn. Inflorescence (male " female borne
Cortaderia 1843.
See
(Pinus Lancio).
Pine-tree
Corsican
purple, yellow; Sept. to Nov.
Pinus.
ceous Hardy herbaintroduced First foliage. different plants),white, on
Gramineao.
.
..
Soil, rich, light,sandy. Position, sheltered shrubberies freelyin dry weather. lawns. Plant. Oct., March, or April. Water or Gather plumes for winter decoration directlyfullydeveloped.FropaCULTURE
eate
by seeds
:
sown
1-16 in.
deep
in
sandy
55" to
under bell-glassin temp. pans Transplant seedlings outdoors in Aug.
durable most CULTIVATED: SPECIES tenm, 5 to 7 ft., Brazil; oonspiona (Syn. Arundo Zealand; jubata, 4 New
"
" argen(Pampas Grass), Syn. Gynerium argenteum and leaves golden; green argentoo-lineatum, argenteum Grass, 3 to ii It., Zealand Silvery Beod conspioua). New .
"
"
O.
to
6
ft., Ecuador. ^
Cortusa
or
well-drained soil m pots or or in Feb., March April plumes best Sept. Female
decoration.
for winter
"
65"
,
Sanicle)."Ord. (Bear's-ear
.
, ." Primulacese.
Hardy
alpine plants. First introduced 1596. CUlftUEE: Soil, sandy peat. Position, shftdyholder Ill
,
_
or
nial peren-
rockery.
GARDENING.
OF
ENCYCLOPEDIA
1-16 in. deep in sandy seeds sown of division plant in March. Aug. ; SPBOIES Matthiola ODLTIVATED: 0. Matthiola, red, April, 1 ft., Europe; grandiflora,purple, April, 18 in. ; pubens, magenta purple. May, 6 in., Transyhania. Stove Orchidaces. Ord. Corya,nthes (Helmet-orchid)." phytal epiorchids. First introduced 1829. CULTUBE : Compost, equal parts peat " sphagnum moss. Position, baskets Re-basket in March. roof of stove. Water suspended from freely April to Sept.,very little afterwards. Temp., April to Aug. 65" to 85"; Au^. to April 50" to 65". Growing season, April to Aug.
Plant, March peat in cold
or
April. Propagate by
frame
in
March
Resting period, Aug. by division
of
or
April. Flowers
to
appear
on
new
pagate Pro-
growth.
plant in March.
SPECIES CULTIVATED: 0. maorantUa, purple, yellow and green, crimBon, June, 1 ft.,Venezuela; maenlata, yellow and purple, June, 1 ft.,Trop. America; speoiosa, yellow and green, Haroh, 1 ft.
Corydalis perennial herbs.
(Fumitory). Ord. "
Fumariaceae.
Hardy
biennial
"
CULTURE: Soil, ordinary, good. Position, well-drained sunny borders, ledges of rockeries,fissures in old walls. Plant perennial"fe biennial speciesin March. Propagate annual speciesby seeds sown in April where in boxes plants are to flower; biennials by seed sown
lightsoil
of
in cold frame
or
outdoors
in
April; perennialsby
biennials,transplantingseedlingsto permanent
to
large enough
to handle
;
also
by
division
of the
seed similar
positions when
plants after flowering;
species by offsets in March.
bulbous
PERENNIAL SPECIES: 0. bulbosa (Syn. Solida), purple, April, 6 in., Europe; lutea, yellow. May, 1 ft., Europe; lutea alba, white; nobilis, yellow. May, 1 ft., Siberia; tuberosa (Syn. Oava), purple, March, 6 in., Europe; ledebouriana, purple, 1
summer,
ft., Altai
BIENNIAL Canada.
SPECIES:
Corylopsis. shrub.
First
"
Mountains. 0.
Ord.
I{amamelidaceae. 1864.
introduced
CULTURE
glanca, scarlet, Tiolet
and
Hardy
orange,
1
summer,
deciduous
ft..
flowering
Soil,sandy loam.
Position, open, moist shrubbery in in other parts of country. Plant, Oct. to Feb. Propagate by layering-shoots in Oct. SPECIES CULTIVATED: 0. himalayana, yellow, March, 20 ft., Himalayas; pauoiflora, yellow, Feb., 6 ft.,Japan; apioata, yellow, Feb., 6 ft.,Japan. Corylus (Hazel; Cob-nut; Filbert)."Ord. Corylacese. duous Hardy deciOru. shrubs. foliage" nut-bearing. Flowers, male grey, female crimson ; March, April. Nuts ripe in Oct. CULTUBE : Soil, rich loam, well manured " deeply trenched. tion, PosiPlant cob " hazel nuts 10 open, ft. sunny. apart each way, " filberts 15 ft. apart, in Oct. Prune end of March, cutting shoots away not less than two years old " shorteningthose of previous year'sgrowth about one-third. Train each tree to have six main branches only. Gather nuts when husk becomes brown. kins Hang branches of hazel cat(male flowers)in filbert bushes in Feb., if filbert catkins are S.
:
England;
south
walls
"
"
to
ensure
in
cpen
removed
fertilisation.
scarce,
Propagate by seeds (nuts)2 in. deep
garden, transplanting from
base
two seedlings
of old
years
afterwards
in Oct. suckers ;
plants replanted in Oct.; layering strong shoots in Nov.; grafting on young seedlingsof Constantinople Nut March to form in standards,halt standards, " dwarf standards Market Culture: Soil, deep loam, well-drained,stony. Position, 243. acre.
uplands. Plant 13 ft. apart each Manures, shoddy, wool waste, or
Apply m
winter.
Cost
of manure.
112
Trees to plant an acre, way. fish at rate of 2 to 3 tons per ."3 per ton. Prune as above.
ENCYCLOPEDIA to
ensure
fertilisation.
10 cwt. to
GARDENING.
Propagate by Sept., green ones
in. deep in Oct. Aug. Market ripe nuts of 40 lb. ; 28 lb. 8 to ones, Average yield acre, p^reen per Average price per lb.,6d. to lOd. Average returns per acre, ^630. Average rental value of nut plantation, ."6 to "T.
Harvest in sieves ."20
OF
ripe
nuts
in
seed in
(nuts) 2
SPECIES: 0. aYollana (Common Hazel), Europe (Britain);avellana anrea, golden leaTed; maxima atropurpurea, purpleleaTed, 8. Europe: oolurna (Constantinople Nut), S.E. Europe. VARIETIES
Kentish Cob or Lambert's : Filbert, nuts large a gfoodmarket round, shells thin, free bearer ; Webb's Prize Cob, Targe, good sort ; Prolific Frizzled Filbert, free bearer, ripens early. See Livistonia. Cprypha."
Cosford,
nuts
Cos Lettuce." See Lactuca. Cosmos (Purple Mexican Aster)."Ord. annuals. First introduced 1799. Cu'LTXTRE: seeds
kind
;
market
Compositae. Half-hardy
Soil, ordinary. Position,warm,
Propa^ dryish border. soil in 65" 70" in March, transplanting of to light temp, seedlingsoutdoors 3 to 4 ft. apart in May. SPECIES C. bipinnatus, various CULTIVATED: colours, Aug., 3 ft.; Mexico; dlTersifolius, diversifolius atrosanguineus, a superior lilac,Sept., 3 ft.,N. America; variety; hybridus, various colours, Sept., hybrids. See Tanacetum. Costtnary." gate by
in
sown
Cotoneaster
Hardy
cesB.
(Quince-leavedMedlar; evergreen
"
deciduous
Eose
Box)."
Ord.
Eosa-
shrubs, bearing scarlet fruits in
winter. CULTUllE
:
Soil, ordinary.
Position,shrubberies,open,
or
in shade,
tree roots " rocks, or trailingspeciesagainst walls or growing over bare ground under trees. Plant, Oct. to Feb. Propagate by seeds sown in March 1 in. deep outdoors in sandy soil outdoors ; cuttingsinserted in Oct. ; layering shoots in Oct. ; graftingon common species, quince,
hawthorn
or
in March.
SPECIES: 0. buxifolia layas; (Syn. repens), white, April, 3 ft., Himahorizontalis, rose, April, 3 ft., Himalayas; microphylla, white, April, 5 ft., Himalayas; microphylla glacialis (Syn, congesta); pannosa, white, April, " ft., Yunnan; thymifolia, white, April, 1 ft., Himalayas; uniflora,white. May, Siberia. DECIDUOUS SPECIES afflnis, white, : C. pink, April, 4 ft., Himalayas ; fri^ida, April, 10 ft., Himalayas; Nummularia, white, April, 10 ft., Europe; integerrima (Syn. vulgaris),pink. May, 10 ft.,Europe; Simonsii, white, April, 6 ft.,Himalayas. Cot'ton-plant ((Gossypium herbaceum). See Gossypium. EVERGREEN
"
Cotton
Thistle
Cotton-wood
Cotyledon. succulent-leaved
(Onopordon acanthium). See Ouopordon. (Populusdeltoides).See Populus. " hardy evergreen Ord. Crassulaceaa. Greenhouse plants. Natives of Mexico, except when otherwise "
"
"
mentioned. CULTUBE
GREENHOUSE SPECIES OF : Compost, two parts loam, " fine brick rubbish. Position, pots well drained, close to glass in window or or April. Water greenhouse. Repot, March freelyMarch to Sept.,very little afterwards. Temp., Sept to March 50" to 55"; March Can also be grown outdoors in to Sept. 60" to 70". beds, June to Sept. in ordinary soil on sunny CULTURE SPECIES: Grow OF HARDY in May. Plant Lift and rockeries,or as edgingsto beds. plant in of boxes in a cold frame Oct. seeds surface xn sown on Propagate by in 55" 65" above soil in well-drained in to or March; pot temp. pan pots of sandy soil cuttingsof leaves with base inserted in well-drained in Aug., Sept.,or Oct. in temp.56" to 60". leaves or cuttings Do not water one
part sand
until
they begin to
shrivel. 113
GARDENING.
OF
ENCYCLOPEDIA
agaToidee),orange, Sept., SPBOIBS GREENHOUSE : 0. agaTOides (Syn. EoheTeria 1 ft. ; atropurpurea atropurpurea), red, Sept., 1 ft. ;_ Oalifornica (Syn. EoheTeria 1 ft., Oalifornia; ooooinea, scarlet oallfornioa),yellow, eummer, (Syn. Eoheveria and yellow, Oct., 2 ft.; fulgens (Syn. Eoheveria fnlgens), red and yellow, sammer, 2 ft. ; 1 ft. ; gibbiflora (Syn. EoheTeria yellow and scarlet, antnmn, g:ibbiflora), Eoheveria leaves glanca), glanca (Syn. purplish glanona; gibbiflora motallica,^ and 1 ft. ; retusa retusa), crimson eoarlet and ^Syn. Eoheveria yellow, autumn, 1 ft. yellow, autumn, seounda 0. secnnda HARBT SPECIES: glanoa), red and glauca (Syn. Eoheveria 1 ft.; secunda glauoa major, large-leaved variety; Sempervivum, yellow, summer, 6 in. red, summer, Couve
Tronc'huda."
See
Brassica.
See Vaccinum. (Vaccinum vitis-idaea). Orchid (Schomburgkia Tibicinis).
Cow-berry
"
Cow-horn
See
"
Schom-
burgkia. Cow
Parsnip Cowslip-scented
(Heracleumvillosum). See
Crab's Crab's
aloides). (Stiatiotes
Orchid.
Heracleum.
See Yanda. See Stratiotes. See Abrus. Eyes (Abms precatorius). See Salix. Willow (Salixfiagalis)." Orchid." See Anguloa Hardy herbaceous (Seakale). Ord. Cruciferae.
Claw
"
"
"
Crack
Cradle Crambe "
"
"
CXTLTURE
PERENNIAL OF borders. Plant
tion, open March. CULTURE
nials peren-
vegetables.
esculent
OP
'jEAKALE: soil 2 ft.
roots
Posi. SPECIES : Soil, ordinary,rich. of three or six in 3 in. deep in groups
Soil, deep, rich, sandy. Position,open,
of in autumn, burying in abundance in. in. Plant roots 4 to 6 manure. long, 2 deep, uprightly,18 in. apart in Feb. or March. Pare off crown buds before 30 in. asunder in rows beds with stable manure in April. Apply common planting. Mulch salt at the rate of 1 lb. to a square rod, or 2 lb. of nitrate of soda to " die in June. Lift and replant every five years. Manure same area Cover in Nov. in roots between rows Blanching: ground with open cinder ashes in tree inverted Nov. leaves, or pots, dry with inverted Forcing roots Outdooes Cover : pots in Nov. " put of fresh and leaves these in thick layers Jan. manure on Lift roots in Nov., Forcing Indoors : Dec, or Jan. " place them close together in large pots or boxes, with ordinary soil between, in Roots of no value after temp. 50" to 60". Keep roots moist " dark. Trench
sunny.
deep
forcing. Market
Manures before
:
planting; superphosphate,
cuttings
plant
Culture Seakale op : Stable dung 20 to 30 tons
18 in.
an
punnets.
apart
each
Force
acre.
as
Soil, sandy "
kainit
3 cwt.
in March; way above. Market
Average priceper punnet.
per
3
acre,
20,000
deeply dug.
loam
cwt.
applied per acre in spring. Plant
cuttingsrequiredto April in 2 lb. variety,Lily
Nov. to Is. to Is. 9d. Best from
White. Propagate in
March,
ing
them
seakale
by seed sown thinning seedlings to to
permanent
beds
when
1 in. deep in rows in. 6 apart in June
12 in. "
apart
transp"nt-
year old, or by cuttingsof roots planting; perennialsby seeds sown Jin. deep outdoors in March, transplantingseedlings in July ; cuttings of shoots or division Seeds germinate in 18 to 20 days. Crop arrives at of roots in March. 2 after maturity sowing. Seeds retain germinating powers for years as
3
advised
a
for
to 5 years. OULTIVATBD: SPEOIES
0.
marltimn
(Seakale),white, May 114
and
June, Europe
MNOYOLOPMTHA
OF
OASDBNINO.
(Britain); eordifolia (Flowering Seakale),white, May, 5 ft., Oaucasns; white, fragrant, June, 4 ft.. Orient. two Last hardy perennials.
Cranberry."
See
Crane's-bill."
See
Crape
Fern."
See
Crape
Myrtle
".^*'^SSUla. Tirst introduced CULTURE : "
"
orientalis,
Oxycoccus. Geranium. Todea.
(Lagerstromia indica)."See Lagerstrbmia.
Ord. 1711.
Orassulacese.
Greenhouse
Compost, equal parts sandy loam, river
evergreen
brick
plants.
rubble, dried
Position, well-drained house, pots in light greenrately Water freelyApril to Aug., modeto Sept. Temp., March Aug to Nov., very little afterwards. 55" to 65" ; Sept.to March in well45" to 50". Propagate by seeds sown with fine drained pots or pans of sandy soil,just covering seeds mould, in temp. 60" to 70" in March or April,seedlingsto be kept close to glass " have little water; cuttingsof shoots 2 to 3 in. long, exposed to sun for few days, then inserted in June, July or Aug. in well-drained pots of sandy soil,placed on greenhouse shelf " given very little water. cow
manure
close to
sand.
glass. Pot, March.
See also the genus
Bochea.
C. arboresoena, pink, May, 2 ft., S. Africa; eolumnaris, red, falcata), yellow and in., S. Africa; faloata (Syn. lloohea Africa. S. 9 in., Africa; lactca, white, autumn, Bummer, White Thorn; quick; Black Cratsesus (May; Hawthorn; Thorn; GlastonburyThorn ; Christ's Thorn ; Evergreen Fire Thorn)." trees " shrubs. and Ord. Eosaoese. Hardy deciduous evergreen CULTURE: Position, trees " shrubs in woods, Soil, ordinary,rich. SPEOIES
white,
CULTIVATED:
6 anmmcr, 6 in., S.
species against ple.isuregrounds; evergreen quick in hedges. Plant, Oct. to Feb. in Feb., spurring back shoots that have Evergreen Fire Thorn kinds in Nov., simply cutting tree or berries only; deciduous
shrubberies, lawns, east
Prune borne shrub
or
north
walls;
"
common
where Hedges : Soil, ordinary, trenched necessary. iistauce apart, 4 in. 2 ft. deep " 2 ft. wide. Plant, Nov. to March, Quantity of plants required singlerow, 6 in. double row 6 in. asunder. Cost of plantsper 100, 3s. 12. double for 9; row, yard single row, per Cost Cost of preparing site and planting per lineal yard, 9d. to 4s. " Time to trim, July of trimming per chain, 4d. Aug. Double POT CULTURE: pink and white kinds adapted for pot culture in cool greenhouse, or for forcing. Pot, Oct. or Nov., in good to Keep March, soil. Water freely afterwards. moderately Oct til) Jan., then place in temp. 55" to 65" to plants in cool structure to flower in cool house llower leave them naturally. After or into
shape
early
new growth. Propagate by flowering,place plants outdoors to make 1 in. deep in open garden in Nov., transplanting seeds (berries) sown the next year; budding largestseedlingsfollowingOct., the remainder
in July; grafting in March. hawthorn in sand for a year before sowing. SPECIES: 0. Azarolus, white, fragrant. May, 15 ft., S. Europe; DECIDUOUS (Scarlet Thorn), white. May, Carrieri, white. May, 12 to IS ft., hybrid; cocoinea United States; orus-galli(Cockspur 20 ft.,N. America; cordata, white June, 15 ft.'. ita varieties arbutifolia, Downingii, and June, 20 ft., N. America; Thorn), wliite, fontanesiana,lineraria,ovalifolia, prunifoliaand pyracanthif olia ; Douglasii, white. melanocarpa, white. May, 15 ft.,Tauria; mollis, white May, 15 ft., N.W. America; States; orientalis, white. May, 15 ft.. Orient; 20 and ft.. United red. May, Hawthorn), white. May, 15 ft., Europe; Oxycantha monagyna Oxycantha (Common 15 ft.; Oxycanthna oxycanThorn), white, Deo. to March; (Glastonbury prsecox Thorn), white. May and June; Oxycanthus thoides flore-pleno albo (Double White (Double Scarlet Thorn), scarlet. May and June; oxycanthoides flore-pleno coccineo choice varieties common on Berries requireto be stored
115
ENOYOLOPMBIA
0AEDMNIN6.
OF
piunatifida,wMte, puniceo flore-pleno(Paul's Double Scarlet), rich scarlet, May; May, 15 ft., Asia; tanacetifolia (Tansy-leayed Thorn), white. May, 15 ft,,Levant. ETEKGEBEN berries
scarlet
variety
with
SPECIES:
0.
Pyraoantha
in autumn, S. Europe, richer coloured berries.
Creeping:
10
to
by (Firethorn), white. May, followed Lelandl, a superior ; Pyraoantha
15 ft.
Fig-tree (Ficus pumila)." See Ficus. Forget-me-not (Omphalodes verna)" See Ompha-
Creeping lodes.
Creeping Creeping Creeping Creeping
See Lysimachia. Phlox. Saiior (Saxifragasarmentosa). See Saxifiaga. Speedweii (Yeronica r^ens). See Teronica. Willow (Salixrepens)."See Salix. See Winter Green (Ganltheriaprocumhens).
Jenny Phlox
(Lysimaohia nummularia).
"
(Phlox reptans)."See
"
"
Creeping
Creeping
"
Graultheria.
Crepis (Hawk's Beard). perennials" annuala. "
Compositae.
Ord.
herbaceous
Hardy
CULTUKE : Soil, ordinary, sandy. Position, sunny borders, banks, rockeries. Plant in March or April. Propagate perennial species annual speciesby seeds sovrn ^ in. deep in April where plants are reC[uiredto flower ; perennial species J in. deep outdoors by seeds sown in April, transplantingseedlingsin July, or by division of roots in March or April. perennial; C. aurea, 12 in., Enrope. SPECIES: autumn, orange, ANNUAL SPECIES : C. rubra, red, autumn, 1 ft.,S. Enrope. See Lep'dium. Cress.
or
"
Cretan Cretan Cretan
Cretan Crimean
Mullein Mullein Rock
(Celsia
Arcturus). See Celsia. (Celsiacretica). See Celsia. Rose (Cistuscreticus).See Cistua. Spikenard (Valeriana Phu)."See Valeriana. Snowdrop (Galauthus phcatus). See Galanthus. Flag (Schizostylis coccinea). See Schizostylis. "
"
"
"
Crimson Crimson-flOVtfered Flax Crimson Satin-flovwer
"
a^inum
^ee Linum. grandiflorum)." (BrevoortiaIda-Maia). See Bre"
yoortia.
Crimson Crinum
Stonecrop
(Sedum spurium)." See Ord. (Cape Lily; Cape Coast Lily). bulbous deciduous " Stove, greenhouse hardy plants. 1732. CULTURE
"
Sedum.
Amaryllidacese. First introduced
GREENHOUSE SPECIES : Compost, " silver sand. Position, pots in parts turfy loam, one part peat light plant stove or greenhouse. Pot, March, in large pots or tubs to Oct., very well drained. Water little afterwards. freely March their sides in stove or greenhouse durStore pots containing bulbs on ing 3 4 winter. lished estabor to Repot every Apply liquidmanure years. bulbs in summer. to Sept. 75" to 85" for greenTemp., March house. seeds in hy sown Propagate sandy soil in a temp, of 65" to 75" in spring; also by offsets at pottingtime. Seedlingplants take several flower. to years CULTURE OF HARDY SPECIES : Soil, rich, deep. Position,south, border. Plant 6 in. deep in March. bulbs well-drained Increased as above. C. amabilo, red, fragrant, summer, SPECIES: STOVE 3 ft., Sumatra; Kirkii, OP
STOVE
AND
two
.
white and red, Oct., 2 ft., Zanzibar. aBBENHOTJSE SPECIES: 0. Maoowanii, white and Natal; Moorei, white red, April to Oct., 2
116
and purple, autumn, ft., S. Africa; Moorei
3 ft,, album.
GARDENING.
OF
ENCTGLOP^DIA
and purple, oanoellattts, yellow, white to March, S.E. Europe; orange-yellow, Jan. yellow and purple, Feb, and Spain; dalmaticus, Olusii, white Italy; Heieoheri, yellow to March, Dalmatia; etruscus, lilao and yellow, March, to March, Asia and Minor; Imperati, lilao- purple, fragrant, Jan purple, March, and B. and yellow Korolkowi, Europe; iridiflorus, autumn, purple lilac, Italy; Feb. to March, Central Asia; longiflorus,lilae,yellow and. purple, autumn, brown, and and Italy; Malyi, yellow, orange, purple, March, Dalmatia ; _mediu8,white and April, Corsica ; nndipurple, autumn, Italy ; minimus, purple, March and Asia autumn, florus, purple, autumn, ochroleucus, white Pyrenees; orange, reticulatus, white, Minor; pulchellus, layender, blue, or yellow, autumn, Turkey; sativus lilao and purple, March, E. Europe; (Saffron Crocus), white, lilac, and Western purple, autumn. Asia; Sieberi, lilac and yellow, Feb. to March, GTeece; Central lilac,and epeciosus, lilao and purple, autumn, Europe; suaTOlens, orange, and purple, March, Italy; susianus, orange lilac, brown, Fob., Crimea; yernns, to {lurple,March, France white violet and white Feb., to April, Europe; Tersicolor, and Italy. The Dutch forms in cultivation numerous were originally derived from
(Sootoh Oroone), lavender, Feb., Tuscany;
autumn,
ohrysanthus, purple, autumn,
Minor;
Asia
'
0.
vernus.
Store Acauthace2B. Ord. flowering eyergreen shrub. First introduced 1800. CULTURE : Compost, Position, pots equal parts loam, peat " sand. in moist plant stove. Water Pot, March. moderately during winter, 55" to 65 ; March to Oct. freelyother times. Temp., Oct. to March 75" to 85". Propagate by cuttingsof shoots 2 or 3 in. long, inserted in sand under bell-glaas,in temp, of 85" at any time of year. SPECIES OULTITATED: 0. guineensis, lilao, October, 6 in.; undulsefolia, orange-scarlet, March, 13 to 18 in., India. of Cross Jerusalem "See (Lychnis chalcedonica^ Lychnis. Vine Cross (Bignonia capreolata). See Bignonia. Cross-wort (CrucinelJastyloea)."See Crucinella. Cross-wort (Geutiana cruciata). See Oentiana. Crossandrai
"
"
"
Croton."
Codiseum.
See
Crowberry." Crowea. introduced CULTURE
See Ord.
"
Empetrum. Greenhouse
Rutaceae.
First
shrubs.
evergreen
1700. ;
Position, pots
Compost, in
two
parts peat, one
lightairy greenhouse.
straggling shoots
shape
into
in
fibrous loam, " little sand.
Pot, March
March.
Water
or
very
April.
Prune little Oct. to
March to Oct. 40" to 45"; Temp., Sept. to March 55" to 65". March to Sept. Propagate by cuttings inserted in sand in temp, of 65" to 75" in March under or bell-glass April; graftingon buxifolia in March. alba or Eriostemon Correa SPECIES CULTIVATED 0. angnstifolia, red, summer, 1 to 3 ft., Australia; : 1 to 2 ft.,Australia. saligna, pink, summer, Crown Imperial Lily." See Fritillaria.
March,
moderately
Crown-of-Thorns Crown Vetch Crucianella
perennial. First
(Medicago echinus). See Medicago. (Coronillavaria). See Coronilla. (Cross-wort).Ord. Rubiaceae. Hardy herbaceous "
"
"
introduced
Soil, sandy
CULTURE:
1640.
chalky. Position, dry banks, rockeries, Propagate by seeds sown outdoors in March, seedlingsto permanent in transplanting positions July or Aug. ; division of roots in March, April,Oct. or Nov. or
borders.
SPECIES oocoinea,
Plant,
Oct.
CULTIVATED
scarlet;
CryptanthUS."
stylosa
:
or
or
March.
0. stylosa, rose,
purpurea,
Ord.
summer,
9 to 12 in., Caucasus
;
stylosa
purple.
Bromeliacese.
Stove
"
evergreen
nials; peren-
flowering" orn. foliage. First introduced 1826. CULTURE: Compost, equal parts fibrous loam, rough peat, leaf" silver sand. mould Pot, March. Water freelyalways good drun"
MNOYOLOPMBIA
OP
OARDENINQ.
essential.
Temp., Sept. to March. 65" to 75"; March Propagate by large-sized offsets inserted ainerlv in temp, of 85" in April. SPECIES pULTITATED: 0. Beuokeri, red and white, Bummer,
age
to 85".
bmttatus,
wnite, Aug.,
8 to
10
in.,Trop. America;
undulatus,
Sept. 75"
to
in small C
pots
in., Brazil;
white. August.
10 in.,
Brazil.
CryptOgramme
(Parsley Fern;
Eock
Brake)." Ord.
Filices.
Hardy
deciduous ferns with Parsley-like fronds. CJULTUEE : Soil, equal parts loam " peat with liberal supply of a broken bricks or stone, quite fiee from lime. Position, cool, moist
rockery. Does well in the moist Propagate by division in spring. SFEOIES
fissures
of rocks.
Plant
in
spring.
CULTIVATED:
0. orispa (Syn. Allosorua orispa),3 to 6 in.. Mountains crispa aorostiohoides, 6 to 8 in., N. America. Cryptomeria green (Japanese Cedar). Ord, Couiferse. Hardy everconiferous trees. Orn. foliage. Nat. Japan. First introduced 1844. ing Foliage bright green in spring " summer; bronzy crimson durwinter. CULTURE on : Soil, deep rich, moist loam. Position, sheltered lawns. Plant, Oct. to April. Propagate by seeds sown 4 iu- deep iu in April; cuttings outdoors or sandy loam in temp, of 55" in March of side shoots 2 or 3 in. long, inserted in sandy soil under nand-light,or in cold frame, in Sept. or Oct. SPECIES CULTIVATED: C. japonioa, 70 to 100 ft. Varieties: nrauoarioidea, 7 to 8 ft. ; elegans, 70 to 100 ft. ; elegans nana, 3 to 1 ft. ; Lobbii, 60 to 80 It. ; and pungens spiralifi. Cuban Lily (Scillaperuviana)."See Scilla. CilCkoo-Flower (Oardamine pratensis).See Cardamiue. Cucumber (Cucumis sativa). See Cucumis. Cucumber Tree (Magnolia acuminata). See Magnolia. Cucumis (Cucumber; Melon; Gherkin). Ord. Cucurbitacese.
ot
Wales, Scotland, etc.
;
"
"
"
"
"
Half-hardy trailingperennialfruitingplants. CULTUBE
OP CUCUMBERS: Compost, two parts decayed turfy horse Position, pots droppings or decomposed manure. part beds in heated sheltered cold in or corner " frames, or or greenhouse for heated outdoors in summer. Sow seed in Feb. or March greenhouse frame in summer, or April for cold frames or outdoors, Sept. or Oct. for winter Oct. in heat; June or use. Plant, March, April, Sept.', in cold frames outdoors. Train main shoot or up roof of greenhouse, when also its ft. out 3 points of side (lateral) pinching point high, fruit ; or, when in frames, shoots at first jointbeyond the young grown foot long main shoot when of of surface a bed, removing point along fruit. Prune and points of side shoots at first jointbeyond young away old snoots that cease iu their stead. Water to bear " train young ones Syringe twice daily. Apply moderately at first,freely afterwards. to liquidmanure plants bearing heavy crops only. Ventilate when reaches 90", closingagain when it falls below this. Temp., Feb. temp, to Sept., for greenhouse " frame, 75" to 85"; Sept. to Feb. 65" to 75". Fertilise first female blooms Shade from hot sun. by divestinga male
loam,
one
blooms
of its
fertilisation
petals and
not
needful
applying powdery parts afterwards, except
occasionallyto destroy insects. GHERKINS OR CULTURE OF in May 2 ft. deep " 3 ft. wide in a side. at
once.
Fill hole with
heated
Train
advised
as
RIDGE
seed
to
centre
is wanted.
Fumigate
: Dig a hole soil north on position, putting sunny with 3 in. of soil. Plant and cover manure Water above. moderately at first,freely
119
CUCUMBERS
of former;
GARDENING.
OF
ENCYCLOPJSDIA
seeds Sow with hand-light until end of June. cucumber 55" in quires reApril. climbing Japanese temp. sticks. its shoots trained to have up pea CXJLTUEE OF MELONS ; Compost, three parts good turfy loam, one in beds manure. decayed Position, part greenhouses,pits,or frames, with shoots trained to roof or alongsurface of ground. Plant, March, April,or May. Sow seeds singly in 2 in. pits in temp. 75" in Feb. or March. Finch out point of main shoot when 6 in. long, also of lateral shoots when 1 ft. long, " further shoots at the first joint beyond the swelling fruit. Fertilise all the female blooms about 12 a.m. young directed for cucumbers. Allow fruit to each shoot, removing as one others Prune weak shoots not showingfruit. gradually. any away any Water at fruit changes moderately first,freelyafterwards, less when seeds in in 75" in Feb. or in. 2 April or May. w)w singly pots temp. 1 ft. long, " further shoots when shoots at the first joint beyond the colour. Syringe twice daily until fruit begins to ripen, then cease. Shade from hot sun. when fruit begins to swell. Apply liquidmanure to time fruit is ripe,75" to 85". Ventilate when Temp., March temp, it falls below this. reaches 85", close when 10 years ; gherTTsBPUii Data Cucumber, : kin, Longevity of Seeds
afterwards. in
Protect
light soil in
"
Germinating period 6 to 10 days. years. years: cial Melons usually ripen about 120 to 140 days after sowing seeds. Artifiof potash, Ipart for melons " cucumbers manures : 1 part nitrate dried blood, 2 parts superphosphate," ^ part sulphate of iron. Dose, melon,
6
6
"
once a week. per square OITLTIVATED: C. Melo SFEOIES (Melon),intro. 1S70; satiTns Natives of Tropics. 1573.
J
yard
oz.
(Cacnmber), intra.
(Gourd; Pumpkin; Squash; VegetableMarrow). trailingannual edible or orn. fruited tinct. Flowers, yellow, male " female disFruit globular,oval, or oblong. ANB PUMPKINS: CULTURE OF MARROWS Soil, ordinary,rich. or Position, beds in frames, on heaps of decayed manure refuse, or on the slope,or, as in beds in open garden banks, the shoots runningdown holes with heated manure formed by digging out soil 15 in. deep,filling seeds in a temp, of 55" in April,or and coveringthis with soil. Sow intended in May. to grow the plants are where Plant, May, under hand-light,or in June without protection. Pinch out pointsof main Fertilise 18 in. long; no shoots when pinching required afterwards. Water first female blooms; not later ones. freely in dry weather. frequentlyafter fruit is set. Iruit for preserving Apply liquidmanure till wanted should be cut when yellow " then hung up in a dry room Cucurbita
"
Ord. Oucurbitaceffi. Half-hardy 1570, plants. First introduced
for use. substitute
Toung for
shoots
of
and
marrows
gourds may
be
used
as
a
spinach.
GOURDS: Soil, rich, ordinary. Position, beds at fences or walls, or on the summit of banks, shoots base of low, sunny the will " former down the latter ; sunny. or over Plant, growing at up Water freelyin Atj weather. Apply liquidmanure June. occasionally when plants are laden with fruit. Gather fruit when yellow, " hang in dry room. for use No till wanted of shoots required. it
CULTURE
OF
pinching_
up
Jin. deep Propagate by seeds sown in April,or where plants are to grow CULTIVATED: SPE0IE8 Trop. Africa; Pepo ovifera trade
0.
maxima
in light soil in in May " June.
temp. 55"
(Pnmpkin), Trop. Asia;
(Vegetable Marrow).
lista.
120
Numerous
Pepo varietiee,for
to 65"
(Gonrd), wliioh
see
GARDENING.
OF
ENCYOLOPMDIA
Cunonia.
evergreen (Red Alder). Ord. Saxifragaceae.Greenhouse Nat. Cape of Good Hope. First introduced 1816. " peat. Position,pots CULTURE : Compost, equal parts sandy loam into shape in March. in light airy greenhouse. Prune Pot, March. Water Temp., March to moderately Oct. to March, freelyafterwards. 45" to 50". Propagate by cuttings Sept. 55" to 65"; Sept. to March in sandy soil under of firm shoots inserted bell-glassin temp, of 65" "
floweringtree.
in
to 75"
summer.
SPKOIES
CULTIVATED
Cup Cupania.
oapenais, white, Aug., 10 to 20 ft., S. Africa. Flower (Coba^a scandens). See Cobaea. foliage evergreen Sapindacese. Stove orn.
C.
"
Ord. introduced "
First
trees.
:
Saucer
and
1818.
Compost, equal parts loam
CULTURE:
peat. Position, pots
"
in
in winter,
freely moist plant stove. moderately habit. dwarf maintain Temp., to a Prune other times. occasionally to Sept. 75" to 85". 55" to 65"; March Propagate by Oct. to March in temp, of cuttingsof firm shoots inserted in sand under bell-glass Pot, March.
85" in
Water
summer.
0. CULTIVATED: SPECIES 15 to 20 ft.; grandidens, 20 to
anaoardioides, 20 30
to
30 ft., Australia;
elegantiBsima,
ft., Zanzibar.
(Cyathea arborea). See Cyathea. (Nierembergiarivularis).See Nierembergia. Cuphea (Mexican Oigar Flower). Ord. Lythrarieas. Greenhouse 1845. deciduous and floweringplant. First introduced evergreen " sand. leaf -mould, peat loam, CULTURE: Compost, equal parts in summer. outdoors beds in in or in. 5 6 to Position, greenhouse, pots Water moderately Oct. Pot March or April. Plant outdoors in June. 60" to 70"; Sept. to March afterwards. Sept. Temp., to March, freely soil in temp. in seeds sown light 55". 50" to to March Propagate by Fern Cup Cup-flower
"
"
"
shoots 65" to 75" in March; cuttings of young or in 75" in temp. 65" to March, April, Aug.
inserted
in
sandy
soil
2 ft., Mexico; oyanea, 0. seqoipetala,purple, June, CULTIVATED: and July, 2 to orange, liookeriana, Termilion red, July, 2 ft., Peru; and white, July, 3 ft. Mexicoignea (Syn. Cuphea platyoentra),scarlet, black Mexico; 18 in., annual, blue, July, lanoeolata, white; 1 ft.,Mexico; ignea alba, mioropetala,scarlet, white and red, July, 1 ft., Mexico. caerulea). See Catananche.
SPECIES
yellow and
(Catananche (Quamoclitvulgaris). See Quamoclit. Cupid'S-flower See Silphium. Plant (Silphiumperfoliatum)." Cup Coniferae. Ord. Hardy evergreen (Cypress)." Cupressus
Cupidone
"
"
Orn. white
foliage. Leaves, small
yellow. CULTtlRE: Soil, deep
dark
green
or
trees.
variegatedwith
glaucous,
or
or
.
.
.
,
on Position, single specimens loam. to shrubberies. Plant, Sept. lawns or pleasure grounds, or in mixed 20ft. Nov. Distance apart for plantingin avenues, soil 3 ft. wide and deep for site, adding : Trench CULTURE HEDGE Plant shrubs 2 ft. high 2 ft. a,partin if poor. little well-roooted manure planting Cost of plants per 100, 30s. ; preparing and Sept. or Oct. Ouand in in Sept. sides April Trim annually 9d. lineal yard, per " lawsoniana good for seaside gardens. Cupressus macrocarpa pressus seeds Propagate by suitable for peaty or chalky soils.
maorocarpa i in
sown
deep
in
Dans
of
rich
light soil
in
April,transplantingseedlings
pbtsfollowing spring,and planting outdoors a year sinelv into 2 in. long, inserted m sandy soil afterwards; by cuttings of branchlets hand-light,in Sept. in cold frame, or under small
121
OP
ENCYCLOPEDIA
GARDENING.
0. fnnobris (Funeral 0yp"8S), weeping habit, 40 to (Lawoompaot habit, 20 to 30 ft., California; lawsoniana habit, 100 to 150 ft., California, and its Tarieties, alboviridis, spioa, albo-Tariegata, argentea, argenteo-variegata, aureo-Tariegats, ereota albo and glanoa; maorooarpa nana nana filiformiB, gracilis pendala, lutea, nana, (Alaska (Monterey Cypress), spreading habit, 60 to 90 ft., California; noofckatensis Island, and its varieties, Oypress), pyramidal habit, 100 to 120 ft., VanoouTer's
SPEOIES
OTTLTITATBD:
BO ft., China; goTeniana, son'a Oypress), pyramidal
argenteo-variegata, anreo-yarlegata, compacta, glanca, pendala, variegata, and Tiridis; obtnsa (Syn. Betinospora obtusa), spreading habit, 60 to 70 ft., Japan, and its varieties, albo-piota, aurea, lyoopodoides, oompaota, filicoides,graoilis anrea, plumosa (Syn. Betinospora plumosa), j"lumosa argentea, plnmosa nana, anrea, and plumosa tetragonia aurea, plumosa Tanegata; pisifera (Syn. Betinoepora pislfera),slender, graceful habit, 18 to 20 ft.^Japan, and its varieties,filifera, plumosa, and squarrosa; sempervlTene, pyramidal habit, 40 to 60 ft., S. Europe, and and its varieties horlzontalis orientalis ; thyoides (Syn, Betinospora eriooides), the White its varieties,glanoa (kewensis), States, and Cedar, 80 to 90 ft.. United variegata and leptoclades. Cups-and-Saucers (Cobaeascandens)."See Cobaea. orn. CurculigO Amaryllidaceae. Stove (Weevil-plant).Ord. 1805. Leaves, strap-like, foliageplants. First introduced evergreen recurved, dark grten, variegated with vfhite. CULTUEE : Compost, equalparts lumpy peat " loam " little silver sand. Water Position, potsin moist plant stove. Pot, Feb. or March. 55" moderately in winter, freely other times. Temp., Sept. to March to 65" ; March to Sept. 75" to 85". Propagate tiy suckers inserted in small pots of sandy soil in temp. 85" in March. gata, varieSPECIES CULTIVATED: C. recurvata, 3 to 4 ft.,Trop. Asia; recurvata variegated foliage. See Eibes. Currant. Pink Cushion (Sileneacaulis " Armaria maritima). See Silene " Armeria. Custard Apple (Anona reticulata). See Anona. Ord. Campanulaceae. Hardy Cyanant!hus. alpine herbaceous First introduced 1844. perennials. "
"
"
"
"
Compost, equal parts sandy peat
CULTUEE:
" leaf-mould. tion, Posiof rockeries. March Plant, or sunny April. in severe weather with ashes or leaves. Protect Propagate by cuttings in sandy peat, in April, May, or June, " of shoots 2 in. long inserted d ivision under of fleshyroots in March kept or bell-glass; April. SPECIES CULTIVATED: C. inoanus, aiure-blue, August, 3 to 4 in., Sikkim; lobatus, purplish blue, August, 4 in., Himalayas. Ord. Hsemodoracese. Cyanella. Half-hardy bulbous plants. First introduced Nat. Cape of Good 1768. Flowers, fragrant. Hope. OULTUEE: Compost, two parts sandy soil, one part leaf-mould or manure. Position, pots 4J in. in diameter, well drained, cow decayed in cold frame or greenhouse. Pot, Oct., placingfive bulbs 2 in. deep in each pot, " covering pots with cocoauut^fibre refuse until growth begins. Water when bulbs to moderately begin keep bulbs dry grow; Propagate by offsets in Nov. Sept. to Jan. CULTIVATED SPECIES : 0. alba, white, July, 1 ft. ; capensis, blue, July, 1 ft.; Intea, yellow, July, 1 ft. See Miconia. Cyanophyilum." Cyathea (Tree Fern)."Ord. Filices. Stove " greenhouse evergreen First introduced tree ferns. 1793.
banks
or
crevices
"
"
CULTUEE
._._.
:
~
conservatory.
or
of sand. peat " loam, " abundance tubs, well drained, in shady stove, greenhouse,
Eepot,
freely afterwards. Temp., Sept.to March 50" March,
""
Compost, two-thirds
Position, large pots or
'
Feb.
or
March.
Water
Syringe trunks to 65" for stove, 45" 122
moderately Oct. to to Sept. daily March to 65" for greenhouse;
OF
ENOYGLOPMDIA March in
to
Sept. 65"
to
GAEDENINO.
75" for stove, 55"
to 65"
for
greenhouse. Shade
face' surPropagate hy spores any time on of finely-sifted loam " peat in shallow well-drained cover pans; with sheet of glass," keep moist in shady positionin temp. 75" to 85". STOYE SPEOIES: 0. arborea, 15 ft., W. Indies; Dregei, 10 to 12 ft., Trop.
20
essential.
summer
GREENHOUSE ft.. New
Cycas plants.
at
sown
SPECIES Zealand.
0.
:
dealbata, 10 ft.. New
Zealand
medullaris,
;
15
to
(Sago Palm). Ord. Cycadacese. Stove ornamental-leaved feather-shaped,dark green. CULTUEE : Compost, two parts turfy loam, one part silver sand. Position, well-drained pots in moist plant stove. Eepot, Feb. " Mar. Oct. afterwards. Water to March, freely moderately Temp., March to 75" revoluta be stood 55" 65". to to to March C. 80"; Sept. Sept. may from outdoors in sheltered June to position Sept. Propagate by seeds lin. in soil in 85" 90" in March to or April; sown light temp. deep in small obtained from of inserted suckers base pots in temp. plants "
Leaves
80" to 85"
at any
SPEOIES Ohina.
time.
CULTITATED:
0.
oiroinalis,8 ft., B.
revoluta,
Primulacese. Tuberous-rooted.
Ord. (Sowbread). perennial flowering plants.
Cyclamen
Indies;
"
6
"
Hardy
to
8
ft.,
house green-
Deciduous.
1596. First introduced Flowers, fragrant. SPECIES: CULTURE OP GREENHOUSE Compost, two parts loam, " sand. Position, pots in greenhouse-Sept. to one part leaf-mould to be above Repot, Julyor Aug.; corm May; cold frame other times. surface of soil. Water growth begins, then moderately until new increase supply,decreasingit when ing plants have ceased to flower ; keepwhen to July. roots nearly dry " cool May Apply liquidmanure not should be in flower. Temp., Sept. to April 50" to 55". Corms
from results obtained seedling essential. plants loam containing : Soil,rich, friable CULTURE nooks of sheltered of Position, leaf-mould. partiallyshady plenty in. 2 3 or trees. or Plant, under apart in turf Aug. Sept., rockeryor "' rich soil annually after manure cow " li in. deep. Top-dress with soil far corms. old as as May also be die first leaves removing down, grown
for
one
two than years. from Shade old. year SPECIES OF HARDY
Best
more
sun
cold greenhouse or frame. kinds J in. deep " 1 in. apart in by seed sown Propagate greenhouse 55" of in soil Aug. to Nov., or Jan. to welWrained temp, pans of light seeds sown similarlyin cold frame in Oct. March; hardy speciesby surface of or Nov., transplantingseedlings followingspring. Cover moist. soil to uniformly with layer of moss keep soil in seed pans to germinate. Seeds take several weeks SPEOIES 0. laBfolium (Syn. persioum), red, white, etc.,winter, GREENHOirSB : 6 to 8 in., Asia Minor. grown
HABDT
in
pots
or
SPEOIES:
pans
C.
in
afrioanum,
red
and
white,
autumn,
6
in.,
N.
Africa;
red, and Asia Minor; europffium, and March, 4 in., Greece red, Feb. iberioum i in., Europe; (Syn. 0. vernum), red, Feb. and March, 3 in., autumn, i in., Europe; neapolitanum album, white; Caucasus; neapolitanum, red, autumn, Atkinsii, to May, 4 in., S. Europe; repandum (Syn. hedera'folium), rosy red, March purple and white, winter, 3 in., a hybrid.
Coum,
Cyclamen-flovwered
Daffodil
(Narcissuscyclamineus). "
See Narcissus.
CyclObOthra. Cycnoches deciduous orchids.
"
See Calochortus.
(Swan's-neckOrchid). First
introduced 123
"
1830.
Ord.
Orchidacese.
Stove
OF
ENCYCLOPEDIA
GARDENING.
Compost, good fibry peat. Position, pots or hanging Water growth begins freely from time new baskets, well drained. CULTUBE
:
times. little other Temp., March 60" to 70". Growing period,Feb. Sept. to March at base of new Flowers appear Keating period,Sept. to Feb. bulb. Propagate by division of plants at potting time. fall
until leaves 65" to 85";
off; very
to
Sept.
to
Aug.
pseudo-
0. Orohid), yellow, snmmer, anreum oaLTITATED: (Golden Swan pentadaotylon, yellow ohlorooliilain, yellow, Jane, Demerara; America; Brazil. brown, various seasons,
SPECIES Central and
Cydonia. CymbidJum. First
"
See
Pyrus.
Stove Ord. Orchidaceae. 1789. Flowers, fragrant. "
introduced
terrestrial
orchids.
Compost, equal parts rough fibrypeat, sphagnum moss, Water Kepot, Feb. or March. to March in in winter. Sept. 65" freely summer, moderately Temp., March to Aug. 65". to 85"; Sept. to March 60" to Growing period. at base of pseudo-bulb Flowers Besting period,Sept. to Feb. appear last formed. Propagate by division of plant at potting time. CTJLTUKE
" sand.
:
Position, pots, well drained.
India and C. OITLTiyATED Ceylon ; aloifolium, purple, autumn, : and white eburno-lowlanum, creamy yellowish white, autumn, Assam; white and crimson, spring, hybrid; eburnum, yellow, Feb. and Ifarch, Khasya; giganteum, yellow, purple and crimson, winter, Nepaal; grandiflonun, yellow, Feb. and and yellow, cream, purple, winter, Sikkim; lowianum, maroon, onmson, and Lowio-eburnum, March, Burma; white, Feb., hybrid; Parishii, white, orange, and purple, summer, Moulmein; tigrinum, yellow, red, and crimson-purple, spring, traoeyanum, Burma; yellow and crimson, winter, Burma. Cynara, (Cardoon; Globe Artichoke). Ord. Com^ositss. Hardy herbaceous flower heads of artichoke used as a perennials. Immature cardoon also blanched stalks and mid ribs of of leaves vegetable; SPECIES
dayanum,
"
edible. CULTUBE
tion, OF CABDOON: Soil, light,deep rich ordinary.. Posiin. 12 18 and trenches in. wide, and Prepare deep, open sunny. Fork in. of in 6 to centre rotten 4ft. apart from Oct. centre manure into the soil in bottom of trench. The third week in April spread 2 Sow the seeds in to 3 in. of light vegetable mould along the trench. patches of three or four, 1 in. deep k 18 in. apart, along the centre of Thin trench. seedlingswhen 3 in. high to one in each patch. Place to each plant when the leaves looselyto a stake a foot high, " secure In Aug. draw this. the leaves tightlytogether,carefullywind a small with mould. Plants are sufficiently weeks be after earthing up. Seeds may in a 3 in. pot filled with 55" in two sown soil, ordinary temp. placed oS in April, " planted out in May. to 65" in March, hardened Market Culture: Same above. advised as Market and trim as for celery; sell by the dozen roots. OF CULTUBE GLOBE ABTICHOKE : Soil, deep rich loam, liberally and manured trenched three spits deep. Position, open " sunny. Plant suckers, i.e.,offshoots,4 in. deep in triangulargroups 9 in. from 4 ft. asunder, early in April. Keep plant to plant,2 ft. apart in rows well watered first season. In Nov. surround each plant with dry litter " in severe weather with cover similar material^ uncovering in mild weather. Fork surface in March, over " mulch vdth
hayband blanched
round for
each plant " cooking eight
cover
decayed
manure.
Apply liquid manure
freely to"
establish
plants during
Gather flower heads for use when fullydeveloped. Seaweed excellent manure. an Apply in spring. Eeplant bed every four years. in April. Seeds do not ripen Propagate by offsets or suckers removed in England.
summer.
^04
ENCYGLOPMDIA
OF
GARDENING.
See Cypress. Cnpressus. Oak Cypress (Quercus pedunculata fastigiata).See Quercus. See Euphorbia. Cypress Sponge (Euphorbia Cyparissias). Vine See Cypress Ipomaea. (Ipomaea Quamoclit). Cypripedium (Lady's Slipper; Mocassin-flower)." Ord. OrchiFirst introduced 1731. daceae. Stove, greenhouse, " hardy orchids. OF STOVE CULTURE SPECIES: Compost, two parts rough fibry " sand. Position, pots or pans drained peat, one part sphagnum moss to Sept. 65" of their depth. Eepot, April. Temp., March one-third Water 60" to 65". to 85"; Sept. to March freely April to Aug., "
"
"
"
moderately CULTTOE
afterwards. OP GREENHOUSE
"
Compost
SPECIES:
position,
freelyApril to Aug. moderately 50" to other times. Temp., March to Sept. 60" to 65"; Stept.to March is.finished. when Flowers 55". growth Resting period,none. appear OP HARDY CULTURE SPECIES : Compost, equalparts loam, leafsame
as
road
mould, nooks
above.
on
Propagate
Repot, April.
grit "
small
stones.
Plant, March
rockery. all the
Water
speciesby
,
Position, partiallyshady sheltered or
division
April. of the
Water
roots
at
in
dry
weather.
ing potting or plant-
time. STOVE SPECIES: 0. Argus, rose, white, and purple, June, Philippines; herand and purple, batum, -white and purple, March April, Malaya ; bellatulum, white callosum, white and Bozallii, green May, Burma; purple, Dec. to Feb., Burma; and and Charlesworthii, white, autumn, rose China; purple, Deo. to Feb., Cochin white and purple, Feb., to May, Burma; dayanum, conoolor, white, March Burma; white and niveum, white and rose, Borneo; lanrenoianum, purple, April, Borneo; brown, March, Borneo; rothschildianum, sprinsT, Malaya; yellow, purple and and red, Oct., Himalayas. and superbiene, white purple, Nov.; venustum, green of these, for a very brief selection We STOVE HYBRIDS only find space can : and crimson yellow ; dominicalypso, white red, and ; namely, calurlum, green, and and red; SchroderBe, red, brown; leeanum, white, mauve yellow, green anum, and purple; selligerum, white purple, white, and crimson; Sedenii, white, crimson and crimson. GEEENHOtrSE Khasia: insigne
:
white
C.
and
yellow ; purple, winter, Moulmcin.
derianum, and
insigne, white, purple and brown, Deo. to Feb., purple; insigne Sanderro, yellow; insigne san; villosum, brown spicerianum, white and purple, autumn, Assam
SPECIES
Maulei,
C. Calceolus HAKDT SPECIES (Lady's Slipper), yellow, summer, Europe ; and Siberia; macranpurple, N. America (Britain); guttatum, white, rose, and white, and Japan; pint, summer, thum, purple, June, Siberia; japonicum, green, pubescens, yellow and purple, June, parviflorum, yellow and red, June, N. America; N. America; speotabile, rose and white, May, N. America. ing Cyrilla, (Leatherwood). Ord. Cyrilleae.Hardy evergiieen flowerFirst shrub. Flowers, borne in tufts on the ends of old wood. 1765. introduced nooks. " peat. Position, warm, sheltered CULTURE: Soil, loam Plant, Sept. or April. Propagate by cuttingsin silver sand under bell"
glass in temp. 55"
to 65".
6 ft., S.TJ. States. raccmiflora, white, summer, Ord. bulbous Greenhouse CyrtanthUS. Amaryllidaceae. First introduced 1774. Flowers, fragrant. plants. CULTURE : Compost, two parts loam, one part sand " peat. Posi tion, well-drained pots on shelf in light greenhouse. Pot bulbs in in. 2 to Oct., very little other Oct. or Nov., deep. Water freelyMarch 50" to to times. 55"; April to Nov. 60" to 65". April, Temp., Nov. in offsets Nov. Propagate by CULTIVATED: 0. oarneus, 1 ft., S. Africa; oollinuB, SPECIES red, summer, guineus, red, Aug., 1 ft., 6. Africa; Mackenii, white, Deo. to March, 1 ft., Natal; san1 ft., S. Africa. red, summer, SPECIES
OuLTIVATBD
:
C.
"
Cyrtochilum,
"
See
Oncidium. 126
MNOYCLOPMDIA
Cyrtonnium."
See
Cyrtopodium. First
introduced
CULTURE
OF
Aspidium.
Ord.
"
OAMDENING.
Orchidaceae.
Stove
epiphytal orchida.
1804.
Compost, two parts rich, fibrous loam " decayed manure. Position, large pots or pans, well drained, in plant stove. Pot, March Water wards or April. freelyApril to Aug., moderately Aug. to Nov., after70" to 80"; Sept. to to Stept. keep nearly dry. Temp., March March 60" to 70". to Aug. Resting period, Growing period, March Flowers with new growth. Propagate by appear Aug. to March. division of pseudo-bulbs at potting time. :
CULTIVATED: SPECIES Brazil; Ander0. ilioese,yellow and brown, autumn, Indies ; cardiocliilum, yellow and fionl,yellow and spring. West green, green, Deo. to Maroh, India; punotatum, yellow, red, and purple, April and May, West Indies.
Cystopteris
(Bladder Fern)."
Ord.
Filices.
Hardy
deciduous
ferns. with pieces Soil, rich, deep, sandy loam, freely mixed dried mortar. Position, well-drained shady sheltered or moderately in dry weather. rockery. Plant, March April. Water CULTURE
:
of limestone
or
POT CULTURE: Compost, two parts good loam, one part leaf -soil in cold frame mixed with old mortar sand. or Position, well drained cold greenhouse in shade. or or freely April. Water Repot, March wards. afterto to Nov., nearly dry keeping April Sept., moderately Sept. in soil surface of fine sandy sown on Propagate by spores with sheet of glass, " place in cold frame shallow boxes or pans, cover or at any time; division of plant in March April. and Asia bulbiSPECIES Minor; CULTIVATED: 0. alpina, 4 to 6 m., Europe fragalis, 6 to 8 in., and Its varieties angustata and fera, G to 12 in., N. America; N. America. 6 to 8 in., Europe and dlckeana, Europe (Britain), eto. ; montana, duous " Greenhouse hardy deciCytiSUS (Broom). Ord. Leguminosae. "
evergreen CULTURE OP
floweringshrubs.
SPECIES : Compost, two parts turfy Position, pots in greenloam, one house. part lumpy peat " sharp sand. to within 2 in. of base Prune shoots Pot, May or June. directlyafter flowering," place plants in temp. 50" to 55" to make new growth before potting. Place plants in sunny positionoutdoors from to May, end of July to Oct. to ripen growth. Water freelyMarch wards. moderately during May " June, freely June to Nov., moderately afterto plants during time Apply weak liquidor artificial manure they are in flower. Temp., Nov. to Feb. 45" to 50"';Feb. to May 50" to
55"; May
GREENHOUSE
55" June HARDY OP C. Ardoini; to
to 60".
SPECIES : Soil, ordinary. Position, sunny for C. albus, kewensis, borders shrubbery rockery C. purpureus, prsecox, scoparius andreanus, " choice kinds; rough Prune banks, woodlands, etc., for C. scoparius. Plant Oct. to Dec. base of promising old shoots to after shortening flowering, directly C. prsecox, C. ones. Transplant best when young. purpureus, young excellent pot plants for floweringearly in cold " C. andreanus, make greenhouse. shoots 3 in. Pbopagate greenhouse speciesby cuttings of young inserted branches in of attached, small sandj soil portions long,with CULTURE
for
bell-glassin temp. 75" to 80" in March, deep in well-drained pots of lightsoil in April,or May; seeds sown March by seeds sown J in. deen out ; hardy species temp. 65" to 70" in Oct. or in Nov.; graftingin March or doors in March or April;layers in well-drained
pots
under
J in.
127
GARDENING.
OF
ENOYGLOPJEDIA
banks on Brown be scattered broadcast Seeds of Common may kinds increased " the choice in woodlands; by cuttings in cold brooms true to colour. This ia the only way to rear frame in Sept. SPECIES GREENHOUSE filipM,wMte, March, 4 to 6 ft..Canaries ; fragrans : 0. 2 to 3 ft.,Canaries; fragrans elegans, yellow, (Syn. C. raoomosa), yellow, summer, 4 ft. ; fragrans everestianus, ricll yellow. 0. albus HAUDY SPECIES: (White Spanish Broom), white. May, 6 to 8 ft., incarnatus, reddish; Ardoinl, yellow, spring, 4 to 6 ft.. Maritime Spain; albus white. May, prostrate, Alps; biflorus,yellow. May, 3 ft., E. Europe; kewensis, creamy yellow. creamy prsccoi, hybrid; nigricans, yellow, June, 4 to 6 ft., Europe; scoparis May, 4 to 6 ft., hybrid; purpurens, purple. May, prostrate, ". Europe; (Britain); scoparius sulBroom), yellow, April to July, 5 to 10 ft., Europe (Common andreanus)^ yellow (Syn. Genista phureus, sulphur yellow; scoparius andreanus and crimson, hybrid. green EverDaboecia (Irish St. Dabeoc's Heath). Ord. Ericaceae.
April. or
"
floweringshrub. banks CULTUEE; Position, sunny Compost, sandy peat " loam. rockeries. Plant, Sept., Oct., March, or April. Propagate by or under hand-light;layersof cuttingsinserted in sandy soil in summer in autumn.
shoots SPECIES
polifolia (Syn. Menziesia
D.
CULTIVATED:
ft., Europe
2
(Ireland) ; polifolia alba,
(Cock's-foot Grass). Ord. Leaves, variegated with white.
DactyliS grass. CULTURE: in borders or
April,3
purple, July, polifolia),
white.
Graminese.
"
Hardy
orn.
Soil, ordinary. Position, margins of flower beds or mixed with bedding plants. Plant, Oct. or shade, or
sun
to 6 in.
apart. Propagate by division of plants in
Oct.
or
April. SPECIES
CULTIVATED
:
glomerata
D.
variegata, leaves
slWcry,
0
to
8
in.,
Britain.
DseiYlonoropSp
palms
Ord.
"
for table
Useful
Palmacese.
Stove
ornamental-leaved
decoration.
" sand. leaf-mould trained with shoots or a Position, pots young Pot in March. Water or freely in large. plant up pillarswhen moist in winter. atmosphere Syringe dailv; summer, moderately essential. Temp., March to Oct. 75" to 85"; Oct. to March 60" to 65". in above compost in spring. Propagate by seeds sown CULTIVATED: D. Draco, SPECIES Malaya; grandis, Malaya; jenkinsianus, India; lewisianus, Penang; palembicus, Sumatra. Daffodil. See Narcissus. Garlic Daffodil (Allium neapolitanum). See Allium. Daffodil Lily (Amaryllis belladonna).See Amaryllis. Ord. tuberousDahlia. Compositae. Half-hardy herbaceous introduced rooted perennials. Nat. Central Mexico. First America, Flower 1789. large, circular; florets,quilled;colour, Types." Show: tint. all one Fancy: Flower, large, circular; florets,quilled;colour, florets tipped, striped or flaked different tint to ground colour. Cactus ; Flower, high in centre, circular ; florets, long, narrow, pointed, cular not quilledor fluted, reflexed at edges. Pompon : Flower, small, cirflorets and colours like those of show and fancy types. Single; Flower, circular ; florets,broad, flat,eight in number, overlappingeach other, rounded, recurving at tips. : Flower, semiTom florets, broad; inner ones, short and double, outer narrow. 1 to 2 ft. ; flowers, single. Decorative Thumb : Habit, dwarf, : Flower, semi-double; florets, flat. CULTURE OUTDOOR Soil, ordinary, well enriched with manure. :
CULTURE
Compost, equal parts loam, peat,
:
state; in beds
in
tubs
"
"
"
"
,
Paeony-flower^
Position, open
sunny
beds
or
borders. 128
Plant
tubers
3 in.
deep in
ENCYCLOPEDIA
April,or
start
outdoors
in
May
flower
buds
July;
them
OF.
to grow
or
to
June. one
on
in pots in temp. 55" in March, planting Thin each shoots to three on plant in each shoot in Aug. manure liquid Apply
in July, Aug., " Sept. occasionally in Oct.,
Elace down
GASDMNING.
just covering them
Lift " store tubers in frost-proof with soil or cocoauut-fibre refuse,
ut
stems to within 6 in. of tubers before lifting. Tubers may be left in the ground all the round on dry soils, if surface is year covered with a layer of cinder-ashes CTTLTUEE IN POTS: Compost, two parts turfy loam, one part
decayed
Place tubers in well-drained manure. 6 in. pots in March, temp. 55". Water moderately " keepclose to glass. Transfer to 8 pots in May. Stand plantsoutdoors in June. Apply liquidmanure
in in. in July. Thin shoots to three on each plant; flower buds to one on each shoot in Aug. Withhold water in frostafter flowering" store away proof soil in temp. place. Propagate by seeds sown ^in. deep in light65" to 75" in March; cuttings of shoots 3 in. long issuingfrom tubers, inserted in 2 in. pots of sandy soil,in temp. 65" to 70" in Feb., March, or or April; division of tubers in March April; grafting shoots on tubers in autumn or spi-ing. 4 ft. (parent of Single SPECIES CULTIVATED: D. ooooinea, scarlet, autumn, 5 ft. ; imperialis, white, lilac and Dalilia); graoilis,orange-soarlet, autumn, red, 3 ft.; Oct., 10 to 13 ft.; Yuareai (parent of Cactus Dahlias), scarlet, autumn, and Mercki, lilac and yellow, Oct., 3 ft., "variabilis (parent of Show, Fancy, ft. ; Zinnpani 4 Pompon Dahlias), scarlet, autumn, (Black Dahlia), Syn. Bidens and Latter atrosanguinea, black crimson, July, 3 ft., Mexico. requires to be treated like ordinary speoies. For Tarieties see trade lists. Dahurian See Campanula. Bell-flower (Campanula dahurica). "
Bindweed
Dahurlan
(Calystegiadahurica). "
Daisy (Bellisperennis). See Bellis. Daisy-busFl Haastii). See (Olearia
See
Calystegia.
"
Olearia. Stove
"
Dalechampia. shrubs.
First
rich carmine, CULTURE
Ord. introduced "
fragrant;
rose,
Euphorbiaceae.
green flowering ever-
Bracts, Flowers, insignificant.
1867. summer.
Compost, equal parts loam, peat, leaf-mould,
:
Position, shady part of plant
Pot, March.
stove.
sand.
"
moderately
Water
55" to 65"; Temp., Sept. to March Sept.to April, freelyafterwards. to Sept. 70" to 80". Propagate by cuttings inserted in sandy
March
peat
under
bell-glassin March,
8PE0IES
D.
CULTIVATED:
Crocus
Dalmatian Damask Dame's Dame's
"
"
"
See Taraxacum. (Taraxacum officinalis). Poppy (Papaver somniferum). See Papaver, (Sambucus ebulus). See Sambucus. "
"
Dane'S-blOOd
"
Daphne
(Garland flower; Greenhouse
Thymelaceae. Flowers, fragrant. CULTURE
part peat June
Sept.to
March
Water
"
Spurge Laurel; hardy
evergreen
Mezereon). flowering
"
Ord.
.
shrubs.
SPECIES:
Compost, two parts loam, Position, airy greenhouse from Sept. to June, shoots Pinch out pointsof young Sept. Pot, Feb. afterwards. to April, freely Temp., moderately Sept. GREENHOUSE
OF
outdoors in June.
See Crocus.
"
See Prunus.
"
Danebrog
one
(Crocus dalmaticus).
(Bosa damascena). See Eosa. (Hesperismatronalis). See Hesperis. (Hesperismatronalis). Stee Hesperis.
Rose Rocket Violet
Damson. Dandelion
in temp. 85"-
April, or May,
roezliana, 12 in., Mexico.
sand.
" to
40"
to 50"; March
to
129
Sept.
55"
to
65".
Propagate by F
ENCYCLOPEDIA
cuttingsof pans March
side
Nov., in well-drained pots to 55"; layers in
D. laurcola " D. ponticain spring. HAKDY SPECIES : Skjil, sandy peat. Position, of rockeries for trailing of rockery species;summit
OF
drooping
front
over
for
border
open Increased
or
bell-glassin temp. 50"
April; graftingon
or
CULTURE
or
inserted, in Oct.
shoots
sandy peat under
of
or
GARDMNING.
OF
erect
species. Plant, Oct., Nov., March,
April.
or
layeringshoots
in autumn. by GREENHOUSE SPECIES: D. odora, purple, Uarch, 2 to 3 ft.,Japan. HABDT SPECIES: D. alpina, white. May, 3 ft., S. Europe; blagyana, vUte, April, 10 in., Carnlola; cneorum (Garland Flower), pink, April, 1 ft., S. Europe; mesereum (Mezereon), red or white, Feb., 3 ft., Europe (Britain); Lanreola (Spurge Laurel), yellow, Jan., 3 ft., Europe (Britain); pontica, yellow, April, 4 ft., Orient. River Pea See SwainDarling (Swainsoniaua coronilliflora)."
soniana.
Darling^tonia
Hardy
(Californian Pitcher-plant).Ord. foliageplant. Insectivorous.
Sarraceneaceae. First iutro-
"
herbaceous
orn.
duoed
of leaves, hood-like, bright 1861. Pitchers, borne on summit " mottled with white pink. green, GREENHOUSE CULTURE: Compost, equal parts peat, chopped Position, under sphagnum, sharp sand, " small piecesof limestone. in Feb. March. Water or freelyat hand-light shady greenhouse. Pot, Ventilate all times. March to Sept. hand-light daily. Syringe daily OUTDOOR CULTURE: Compost, spongy fibrous peat " chopped Position, damp, by side of stream, or in bog exposed sphagnum moss. pagate but sheltered from cold winds. Plant, March or to sun, April; Prosurface of mixture of fibrous peat, charcoal, on by seeds sown " covered with a sphagnum " sand in a pan stood partly in water bell-glassin cool greenhouse in April or May; division of side shoots time of year. inserted in small pots at any CULTIVATED SPECIES oalifornioa,white, April, 13 in., California. : D. shrubs. Ord. Darwlnia. Myrtaceae. Greenhouse evergreen "
1820.
First introduced CULTURE :
Position, Compost, equal parts loam, peat, " sand. well-drained pots in airy greenhouse. Pot firmly in Feb. or March. to Sept. Prune, Feb. Water moderately Sept. to March, freelyMarch to 40" to 50"; March March. or Sept. 50" to Temp., Stept.to March shoots 2 or 3 in. long, inserted 60". Propagate by cuttings of young in sardy peat under bell-glassin temp. 40" to 50" in April or May. CULTIVATED: D. fimbriata, rose, June, 5 ft., Australia; SPECIES te^ia (Syn. Genotyllis tulipifera),crimson. May, 3 ft., Australia. Darwin's Barberry (BerberisBarwinii). See Berberis.
macroa-
"
Dasylirion. foliage.
Ord. Liliaceae. introduced 1835.
"
First
Orn.
Greenhouse
evergreen
plants.
Leaves, glaucous green,
with
spiny margins. CULTURE
Compost,
:
two
parts loam
"
peat,
one
sand.
Position,
in beds airy greenhouse,dwelling-rooms,or March. Feb. Water little Oct. to or firmly very May to Sept. afterwards. March 40" to to 50"; March March, freely Temp., Sept. in seeds 60". sown to Sept. 50" to Propagate by sandy peat in well
pots
or
tubs
in
outdoors
'
Pot
drained
April, SPECIES 10
or
pans or
pots under
bell-glassin temp. 50"
to
60"
in March,
May. CULTIVATED:
ft., Mexico;
Palm Date Date-Plum
Hookeri,
3
D. aorotriohnm, ft., Mexico.
6
to
8
ft., Mexico;
(Phronix dactylifera).See Phoenix. "
virginica).See Diospyros. (Diospyros "
130
glauoophylluM,
BNOYCLOPMBIA
OP
Datisca.
GARDENING.
Ord. Datisoeae. (False Hemp). Hardy herbaceous Male " female foliage. First introduced 1739. borne on separate plants. Leaves, pinnate,green. owers CULTURE: Soil, deep rich, ordinary. Position, open " sunny border. Plant, Oct., Nov., March, " April. Female plant most effective. Propagateby seeds sown 1-16 in. deep in fine soil outdoors in March, April, or May, transplantingseedlingsto permanent positions "
Orn.
Serennial.
any SPEOIBS Asia.
time. OTTLTITATBD:
Datura
hardy
",
D.
oannalina, greenish white,
(Thorn Apple; Trumpet Flower)." Ord. greenhouse annuals, shrubs,
"
3 to
summer,
6
ft., W. Half-
Solanacese.
trees.
CULTURE
OP ANNUAL SPECIES: Position, Soil, light sandy. borders annuals outdoors. Plant, May. Propagate by seed sunny in sown I-in. deep in lightsandy soil in well-drained pots temp. 55" to 65" in March or April, " transfer the seedlingsto small pots-until planting time. CULTURE OF SHRUBBY SPECIES : Compost, equal parts loam,
.fibrous peat, T^ell decomposed
" silver sand. Position, pots, manure, borders well drained in sunny Pot or greenhouse. plant, Water to Prune Oct. little Oct. March. or March, freely Sept. very to Sept. 45" to 55", March freelyafterwards. Temp., Sept. to March 55" to 65". to Place outdoors in June position Sept. plants sunny occasionallywhilst plants are in flower. Propagate Apply liquid manure shrubby speciesby cuttings of shoots 6 in. long inserted in sandy soil under bell-glassin temp. 65" to 75" in spring or autumn. ANNUAL SPECIES: D. ceratooanla, white, July, 3 ft.. Trop. America; fastuosa, hlue 2 and white ; ft.. Tropics ; fastuosa white, summer, flore-pleno, double fastuosa rubra, red; strammonium (Thorn Apple), white, July, 2 ft.,Britain, eto. SHBTJBBT D. SPECIES." arborea, white, Aug. 7 to 10 ft., Pern; oornigera 10 ft., Organ metseloidoB (Horn of Plenty), creamy Mountains; white, summer, 2 ft., California; (Syn. D. Wrightii), bluish violet, summer, sanguinea (Syn. 4 to 6 ft.,Peru; Brugmansia Sanguinea), orange yellow, summer, suavclens, white, fragrant, Aug., 8 to 10 ft., Mexico. A wellDauCUS Hardy biennial. (Carrot). Ord. Umbelliferse. into known to be first introduced edible rooted vegetable. Reputed
tubs,
or
"
the Flemings in time of Queen Bess. Types. Short-horn: conical. Roots, short, Stump-rooted : Roots, medium, blunt at ends. Intermediate : Root, a spindle-shaped,midway in length between and and carrot. Short-horn Long-rooted: Roots, long Long-rooted
England by
"
tapering. for previous Soil, deep, rich, " sandy, well manured main south border for early for spot Position, open crops,
CULTURE: crop.
" Aug. ; others in March in. 9 2 inches apart when or high. April. Thin seedlingsto Artificial " Nov. Lift " store roots in frost-proof place in Oct. lib., guano, Kainit, f lb., sulphate of ammonia, 2ilb.; manures: minate apply this quantity to each square rod at time of sowing. Seeds gerfor 4 years. in 12 to 18 days; retain germinating powers Crop in 20 to 24 weeks from date of sowing. matures seeds thinly on Sow bed of lightrich soil Hotbeds FoECiKO : ON covered Water hotbed of manure by a frame in Jan. or Feb. a over moderately, ventilate by day when temp, reaches 75". Thin seedlings varieties best for this inch high. Short-horn to 3 in. apart, when an ones.
Time
to
sow
Short-horn
varieties,Feb.
6 in. "
'
purpose. MabKet
.
Gabden
Cultube
_
:
_
Soil, light. 131
Manure
previous f2
ENOYGLOPJSDIA autumUj
ploughing
in 15
GARDENING.
OF tons
of rotten
dung
and
3
cwts. of kainit
cwts. sowing apply superphosphate per acre, " of nitrate soda month after sowing. Sow Horn a ^cwt. per acre varieties in March, Horn others in April " May. Thin varieties to 6 in. " others to 9 in. apart. Market in bunches of fifteen to thirty to size late in bushel baskets. Boots carrots, according ; bags or crops best washed. of seed to of 50 ft., sow an 81b.; row Quantity acre, 1 oz. 500 bushels. Average yieldper acre, 600 bunches or Longevity of seed, 4 to 5 years. Cost of thinning per acre, 5s. ; digging,washing, " bunching, 7s. per doz. bunches; " lifting harvesting,22s. to 26s. of seed, 12 to 18 days. Carrots Germination arrive at maturity 24 weeks after sowing the seed. Average pricesof carrots per doz. bunches, 2s. 6d. to 5s. ; per bag or sack, 4s. to 5s. D. oarota, white, eammer, SPECIES: Europe (Britain). Da.va.llia Bear's-foot Fern; Fern; Squirrel's-foot pare's-foot The Fern)'. Ord. Filices. Stove " greenhouse evergreen ferns. rhizomes of D. bullata are extensivelyused for training round various First fancy objects,as boats, monkeys, etc.,also balls of peat " moss. introduced 1699. CULTURE OF STOVE SPECIES: Compost, two parts loam, one
per
Before
acre.
5
"
Pot, Feb., March, part leaf-mould, peat,pounded charcoal, " sand. or April. Position, pots or hanging baskets in light part of plant stove. Water moderately Oct. to Feb., freely afterwards. Temp., March 55" to 60"^; to Sept. 65" to 75". Sept. to March CULTURE
OF
GREENHOUSE March
SPECIES
:
Compost,
same
as
for
April. Position, pots or baskets in moderatelySept. to March, freely afterwards.
species. Pot, Water partialshade. March to Sept. Temp., stove
or
40" to 50''^; March to Sept.50" to 60". gate Propasurface of sandy peat in pans under bell-glass spores in Feb. or March. temp. 55" to 75" at any time; division of rhizomes m SPECIES: STOVE D. aouleata, habit climbing, 6 ft., W. Indies; afBnis, habit creeping, 9 to 12 ins., Ceylon, .Tava, eto. ; alpina, habit trailing, dwarf, 6 in., Java, Borneo, etc.; dissecta, habit dwarf, .Taya; diTaricata, habit robust, creeping, N. habit India; free, elegans, habit very Tigorous, Ceylon, Java, etc.; fijiensis, hirta dwarf, Fiji; heterophylla, habit evergreen, creeping,Malay Peninsula; cristata (Syn. Microlepia hirta cristata),habit spreading,S. Sea Islands; pallida, robust habit (Syn. D. mooreana), Borneo; tenuifolia veitchiana, habit drooping, Malaya. SPECIES: D. bullata GREENHOUSE and (Squirrel's-foot Fern), habit, dwarf creeping, Japan ; canariensis (Hare's-foot Fern), habit robust, Canaries ; Mariesii, Novse-Zelandiffi habit dwarf, deciduous, Japan; (Syn. Acrophorus hispida),habit. Blender creeping. New Zealand; Tyermanni (Bear's-footFern), habit, creeping. West
by
sown
on
Africa.
Clematis David's (Clematis davidiana)." See Clematis. David's See Polygouatum. Harp (Polygonatum multiflorumV" David's-roct (Celastrus scandens). See Celastrus. "
Daviesia
Oii. Leguminosae. Greenhouse (Australian Hop). First introduced 1805. flowering shrubs. evergreen CULTURE ; Compost, equal parts loam, peat, " silver sand. tion, Posiwell-drained Pot pots in airy greenhouse. March or firmly "
little Oct. to March, moderately other times. 40" to 50"; March to Sept. 50" to 60". pagate Profirm young shoots inserted in sand under bell55" in spring; seeds sown 1-16 in. deep in sandy March. D. CULTIVATED; SPECIES alta, yellow, summer, 3 ft,, Australia; oordata. 3 ft., Australia; ulioina, yellow, summer, 2 ft., Australia. yellow, summer, See Commelina. Day-'flower (Commelina coelestis).
April.
Water
very Temp., Sept. to March by cuttings of glass in temp. 5(P to peat in temp. 55" in
"
132
ENOTCLOP^DIA
GARDENING.
OF
oanalioulatum, yellow and yellow and orange, fragrant, spring, 18 in., Burma; 1 N.E. yellow and purple, ohrysanthum, Australia; fragrant, spring, ft., mauve, 1 ft., March, orange, winter, 4 to 6 ft., Mepanl; yellow and ohrysotoxum, and Fell., 3 ft., Siam; miite, Jan. and Moulmein; crassinode, magenta-purple 3 ft., Philippines; densiflorum, yellow and spring, orange, Bearei, white, summer, 18 spring, 3_ ft., India ; in., India; dsTonianum, purple and orange, cream, and May Falconeri, white, purple and June, 3 ft., N. India; Farmeri, orange. oculatom, white, pink, and yellow, April and May, 18 in., India; flmbriatnm and orange-yellow and red, March April, 4 ft., India; flndlayanum, white, pink, and formosnm yellow, Jan. and Feb., 18 in., Moulmein; giganteum, white and 2 ft., and yellow. May, 18 in., Moulmein; infundibulum, white yellow, summer, nobile, white, rosy Moulmein; jamesianum, white and red. May, 18 in., Moulmein; and purple and purple, spring, crimson, winter, 2 ft., India; Parishii, rose 12 to 18 in., Moulmein; Fhalsenopsis, autumn, 12 to 18 in., N. Australia; Pierardia, blush, white, and purple, winter, 18 in., India; primulinum, rosy lilao and yellow, winter, 12 to 18 in., Burma; pulohellum (Syn. D. dalhousianum), yellow, rose, and crimson, spring, 4 to 5 ft., Burma; yellow and purple, spring, creamy speoiosum, 12 in., Australia; and rose superbiens, magenta purple, spring, 3 to 4 ft., Fhilip' wardianum, pines; thyrsiflorum, white, pink, and spring, 2 ft.,Burma; orange, white, purple and yellow, winter, 2 ft., Assam. crimson and OULTIVATISD: HTBRIDS Ainsworthii, white purple, spring; dominianum, purple and Ourtisii, white, purple, and yellow, fragrant. May; rosy white, rose, purple and yellow, winter, and white, spring; nobile-wardianum, others
many
to
found
be
lists.
in
Flatyclinis. (Cedrus Deodara). See Cedrus. ord Pink Deptf (Qianthus armeria). See Dianthus. Rod Desert (Eremostachya laciniata).See Eremostachys. Ord. flowering Desfontania. Logauiaceae. Hardy evergreen First introduced shrub. 1853. Leaves, oval, dark shiny green, with spiny margins. tion, Posiloam. CULTURE OUTDOOR : Compost, equal parts peat " sheltered borders Plant. Oct., outdoors, or against south wall. Nov., or April. CULTURE GREENHOUSE : Compost, equal parts peat, loam, char-' Dendrochilum.
See
"
DeOCla.r
"
"
"
"
borders. Pot or or wards. afterOct. to March, or freely April. plant, March moderately well" loam inserted m in sandy peat Propagate by cuttings 65" in 55" to in drained bell-glassor hand-light temp. pots under
coal,
Position, well-drained
sand.
"
pots, tubs,
Water
spring. OULTITATED
SPECIES
ncsffl.
Hardy
:
D.
"
stove
and
floweringshrubs.
gyrans)pinnate;leaflets sunshine. CULTURE
spinosa,scarlet
yellow,Aug., 2
(Tick Trefoil; Telegraph
Desmodium
OP
STOVE
move
rapidly up
SPECIES
:
to 4 ft..Chili.
Plant)."Ord.
Legumi-
Leaves of stove species(D. and down, especiaUy during
Compost, equal parts peat,loam,.
Pot, Feb. or March. Position, pots in plant stove. " afterwards. to Oct. Feb., freely Temp., Sept. to Water moderately 65" to 75". March to 55" to 65"; March Sept. SPECIES HARDY OF Position, open : Soil, ordinary. CULTURE silver
sand.
Plant, Oct. or Nov. borders. Propagate stove speciesby seeds 75" soil in to 80" in Feb. or March, or by in light sandy temp. sown under in in bell-glass temp. 75" to 80" in saindy peat cuttingsinserted division of plants in autumn. March or April; hardy species by D. SPECIES: (Telegraph Plant), violet,July, 2 to S ft.,India. STOVE gyrans SPECIES (Tick Trefoil), purple, July, 3 ft.,N. America. : D. oanadense HARDY Deutzia (Japanese Snow-flower). Ord. Saxifragaceae. Hardy deciduous floweringshrubs.
sunny
"
OUTDOOR
CULTURE:
Soil, ordinary. 134
Position,
sunny,
well-
MNCrCLOPMDIA drained that
OF
border. Plant, Oct. to Feb. flowered only. CULTURE OF D. GRACILIS:
have
POT
part decayed trame
Nov.
"
manure
sand.
Prune, June, shorteningshoots
Compost,
Pot. Oct.
Feb.; greenhouse Feb.
to
GASDENING.
Water
to
or
May;
two
parts loam,
one
Nov. Position, cold outdoors afterwards.
very little Oct. to Feb., moderatelyFeb. to April, freely April to Oct. -Temp., Feb. to May 55" to 65". Plants will flower in cold greenhouse without heat if desired. Plant out deutzias that have flowered
heat
in
ofiengarden for a year, then lift " repot, to flower again. Propagate by cuttingsof young shoots, 3 in. long, inserted in sandy
in
soil under
shoots, 10 to Dec, or Jan.
in cold bell-glass long, inserted
12 in.
frame in June or July, also of firm in ordinary soil outdoors in Nov.,
SPECIES CULTIVATED: D. crenata, white, June, 6 ft.,Japan; florecrenata pleno extua white and purpurea, gracilis, white, April, 2 ft., Japan; rosoj gracilis folius aureis, leaves variegated with yellow ; Lemoinei, white. May, a ft hybrid; soabra, white, June, 6 ft.,Japan. ,
Devil-in-a-Bush Devonshire Devonshire
(Nigelladamasceua)."See Nigella. (Myrica Gale)."See Myrica. Oalc (Quercus Cerris var. Lucombeana).
Myrtle
"
See
Quercus. Dew See Ribea. Berry (Eibes caesius)." Dianella Paroo (Flax Lily; Lily)."Ord. flbrouBrrooted perennials. 1731. OUTDOOR CULTURE :
Orn.
Liliaceae. Half-hardy troduced foliage" fruitingplants. First in-
tion, Compost, equal parts loam " peat. PosiEngland only. Plant, Oct., March, or
sheltered borders; S. of
April. CULTURE GREENHOUSE : Compost,equal parts peat. loam, leafmould, " sand. Position, well-drained greenhouse. pots in unhealed Pot, Feb.. March, or April. Water moderately Sept. to March, freely
afterwards.
temp. 55"
Propagate by
to 65" in
seeds
sown
1-16 in.
spring; division of fibrous
deep
in
light soil
in March. 2 ft.,Australia; lievis,blue, roots
SPECIES CULTIVATED blue, May, : T). ccerulea, spring, S ft., Australia. Dianthus (Carnation; Pink; Picotee;
Oct.
or
Sweet William; Tree, Malmaison American Carnation; Carnation; Indian and Perpetual, Chinese Pink). Ord. Caryophyllaceae.Hardy perennialsand biennials. TYPES. Florists' Carnation Bizarres : Flowers : perfectlyround. Ground colour with another colour. one shade, marked or striped Flakes: Ground colour of one Selfs: shade, flaked with other colours. One shade of colour only. Picotee : Ground colour of one tint,edged Border Carnation or : Stelf-coloured, margined with another. striped or some clove-scented. " robust flaked,laced or fringed,free flowering, tions Margaret or Marguerite Carnation : A race of hybrid carnagrowers. with fringed,fragrant ftowers of all shades of colour. Jacks : A of coarse-growing, kinds, grown race mostly single-flowered largelyfor sale by costers. Pinks : Show broad or Laced, petalsfinely-fringed, ends white with a velvet eye. or a velvet eye with laced velvet edges," Williams Show white Sweet centre. a : type, smooth edged petals with datk centres ; Auricula-eyed, rounded smooth-edged petals,white eye. surother tints. with crimson or Tree, Perpetual, or American tall ; flowers, self, stripedor flaked, appearing all Carnation : Habit, Malmaison: round. Habit, sturdy; flowers large,selfthe year "
"
coloured. 135
OF
ENCYCLOPEDIA CULTURE
OF
AND
CARNATIONS
decayed turfy loam,
one
OARDENINO. PICOTEES
:
Soil, three
parts
cow of well-decayed e^ualproportions exhibition kinds; good, well-drained, rich, borders. beds kinds. or Position, sunny
part
of
for sand border Plant 12 in. apart in Oct. or March. Top-dress with decayed manure shoot in June, " place indiaeach in April. Thin flower buds to one on rubber baud round calyx of flower to prevent burstingfearly in July. in May. week when flower stems once a Stake Apply liquid manure buds form. Suitable artificial manure: Sulphate of ammonia, ^oz., " exhibition blooms from Shade kainit, Joz. to 2 gallons of water. hot sun. tion, PosiPOT CULTURE advised culture. for exhibition : Compost, as "
manure
river
ordinary soil
for
cold frame, Oct. to Feb., cold greenhouse afterwards. Grow in 3-inch afterwards. singly Apply pots from Oct. till March, freely 8 in. pot. Water moderately Oct. to March, freely afterwards. Apply from once a week liquidmanure April to July. Thin buds and place Give plenty of air. rings round calyces,as above advised. CULTURE PERPETUAL CARNATIONS: Insert OP TREE OE of shoots, 3 in. long, pulledout, " with few lower cuttings,i.e.,points " leaves removed, in well-drained Nov. pots of pure sand between from sun March. Place in a box or propagator, keep moist, ", shaded till rooted. No artificial heat required. When rooted, plant cuttings in two small in of singly compost parts sandy loam " one part pots leaf-mould sand. Stand of " equal proportions pottedplantsin temp. filled with roots, then repot into larger pots m 45" to 55" till pots are loam, " one part equal proportionsold manure, compost of two-thirds handful " to each peck of soil. Stop wood " of bone-meal ashes, sand, at the third or fourth jointafter first potting;again inches when shoots few at intervals are a long, ceasing to do so in outdoors Stand with when well rooted. liquid manures Sept. Feed Winter 45" 55". Ventilate to freely May to Sept.,then house. temp. in fine weather. Syringe dailyduringspring" summer. May also be carnations. like border outdoors grown CARNATIONS OF MALMAISON CULTURE : Propagate by layering rooted in July. Plant shoots layers in small pots in Aug. or Sept. Place in cold frame or greenhouse, and transfer to five or six-inch pot Water in Oct. moderately during winter. Temp., 36" to 46". Feed in spring from Admit buds form. Shade with liquidmanure when sun. or
pinch shoots
_
air freelyon fine days. ders. borOF PINKS: CULTURE Soil, ordinary rich. Position, sunny Thin four on to Plant 9 in. apart in autumn shoots or spring. fine blooms. in May Feed with liquid manure each plant to ensure and June. WILLIAMS: tion, CULTURE OF SWEET Stoil,ordinary, rich. Posi12 beds borders. Plant in. each in autumn. or apart sunny way BIENNIAL SPECIES OF CULTURE seeds in gentle heat in : Sow ofE seedlingsin cold frame, " plant out in beds " spring, harden flower same in open border in April, to in season borders ; or, sow May flower to in July followingyear. plant out CULTURE
OP
PERENNIAL Oct.
rockeries. Plant, sunny Pbofaqate carnations, in heat or in cold frames frames
in
summer
;
or
SPECIES March.
:
Soil,sandy loam.
Position,
in sandy soil pinks " picoteesby seeds sown in spring; by cuttings or pipingsin cold layeringin July or Aug. Sweet Wuliams by seeds 136
ENCYCLOPEDIA outdoors
sown
in
April
in July. layering "
GAUDENtNO.
; July ; cuttingsin cold frames in summer the speciesgenerally by cuttings, seeds,
or
Pinks
OF
and
layering.
BIENNIAL SPECIES : 6 to 12 in.. Central Asia. PERENNIAL SPECIES
D.
ohinensis D.
(CMuese
or
Indian
Pink),
colours,
various
3 to 4 in., Alps ; crimson, summer, red, summer, atrorubens, in., N. Europe; (Sweet William), various colours, 1 to 2 ft., S. Europe; ciesius (Cheddar Pink),rose, Caryophyllus fragrant, July, 3 to 6 in., Britain; (Carnation, OloTe),various, 18 to 24 in.,Europe; deltoidos (Maiden Pink), rose and 6 to 9 in., Britain; cruentus, scarlet, white, summer, 18 in., E. Europe; summer, glacialis (Glacier Pink), purple, summer, 4 in., S. Europe; mer, neglectus, rose, sum2 in., Pyrenees; 6 in., E. Europe; petrous, rose, summer', plumosua (Pink), various, 12 in., B. Europe; Superbus (Fringed Pink), rose, summer, 9 to 18 in., Europe. PINK HYBRID D. Semperflorens, a new of pinks, the result of a cross : race between the Carnation and the Chinese in Pink. Tery free flowering, beautiful
arenarius, white, purple, 1 ft.,S. Europe; barbatus
colour
and
Ord. First introduced
shrub.
alpinus, rose,
summer,
6
fragrant.
Diapensia. CULTURE on
March
:
or
SPECIES
Diascia^ introduced INDOOR leaf-mould
Diapensiacese. Hardy
"
:
sunny
dwarf
Soil, deep sandy peat mixed
rockery.
Water
with
Position,
stones.
freely June, July
"
April. Propagate by CULTIVATED:
Ord. 1871. CULTURE "
"
alpine
evergreen
1801.
Aug.
division of plants in March 5. lapponioa, white, July, 3 in.. Northern
Scrophulariaceae. Half-hardy :
Compost,
two
parts sandy
or
posed ex-
Plant,
April.
Regions. First annual.
loam
"
one
part
Sow seeds in a temp, of 60" in March or April. when the third leaf forms, four or five in a 4J in. Transplant seedlings shelf near the glass. Water flower buds on pot. Grow freely when form. Give weak liquid manure occasionally.Shoots may require to be supported by twiggy sticks. OUTDOOR CULTURE seeds in temp, of 60" in March : Sow or April. Transplant in pots or boxes when large enough to handle. Gradually harden off in cold frame, " plant out in good ordinary soil in sunny positionat the end of May. 1 ft.,S. Africa. SPECIES OULTITATED : D. Barbero:, rosy pink, summer,
Dicentra
(Bleeding Heart;
Lyre Flower;
Dutchman's
Breeches).
Fumariacese. herbaceous " tuberous fibrous-rooted Hardy First introduced 1731. perennials. CULTURE sheltered : Soil, deep light rich sandy. Position, warm rockeries. dwarf Plant, Oct., Nov., March, or borders; specieson April. Protect during winter by covering with layers of ashes or in March. manure. Top-dress with decayed manure SPECTABILIS D. POT CULTURE OF : Compost, equal parts loam, " sand. leaf-mould Oct. to Position, cold frame Pot, Oct. or Nov. Feb. ; greenhouse Feb. to May ; afterwards planting out in borders. Water moderately when new growth begins,freelywhen in full growth. twice weekly when flower buds once or Apply liquid manure appear. Place in cold till frame Spectabilis: FoBCiNa D. Pot, Oct. After forcing, plant out in to temp. 55" to 65" in Jan. Jan. Transfer should Plants border. only be forced in pots one year. gate Propaopen in or of the crowns Feb., March, April ; cuttings fleshy dividing by in sandy soil in temp. 55^ in March or roots 2 in. long inserted April. canadensis D. (Bleeding Heart), white, May, 6 in., CULTIVATED: SPECIES N. America; chrysantha, yellow, Aug. and Sept., 3 to 5 ft., California; CuouUaria and yellow, spring, 6 in.. United States; ezimia, Breeches), white (Dutchman's formosa, red. May, 6 in., N. reddish purple, April to Sept., 13 in., N. Carolina; 137 "
Ord.
sand.
ENOYOLOP^DIA
GABDENING.
OF
America; tlio ChinamaQ'a speotablis (Syn. Dielytra spectabilis), Breeches, crimson, spring and summer, 2 ft., Siberia and Japan. Dichsea. First Ord. Orchidaceae. Stove epiphytal orchid. "
rosy
troduced in-
1870.
CTJLTUEE Position, blocks : Compost, fresh sphagnum moss. of from roof Water stove. wood daily. Temp., March suspended 50" March 60". to to 65" to 85"; Aug. Propagate by division Aug. Feb. in March. or plants CULTIVATED: D. piota, green and SPECIES purple, winter, Trinidad.
of to of
DiChorisandra. Stove ornamentalOrd. Commelinacese. and leaved floweringperennials. " leaf -mould CULTUEE each of peat, loam " a : Compost, one-third of little silver sand. Pot in March. stove. Position, pots in shady part to Oct., moderately afterwards. Water freely March Syringe daily 75" to 85"; Oct. to in spring and to Oct. summer. Temp., March 55" to 65". March Propagate by seeds in spring; division in March. CULTIVATED marked with SPECIES mosaica, leaves green : .D. white, 2 ft., Peru; pubescens tEeniensis,leaves striped with white, 2 ft., Brazil; thyrsiflora, 5 to 10 ft., Brazil. blue, autumn, Dicksonia (Tasmanian Tree Fern; New Zealand Tree Fern; HayStove " greenhouse tree ferns. scented Tree Fern). Ord. Filices. First introduced 1786. CtTLTURE of sand. : Compost, two-thirds peat " loam, " abundance in shady stove, greenhouse Position, large pots or tubs well drained Water or Repot, Feb., March. conservatory. moderately Oct. to to Sept. March, freely afterwards. Syringe trunks daily March 55" 65" 45" 55" to March for to to for stove, greenhouse; Temp., Sept. March Shade to Sept. 65" to 75" for stove, 55" to 65" for greenhouse. essential. in summer time at surface sown by on Propagate spores any " peat in well-drained of finelysifted loam pots covered with a sheet of glass," kept moist. SPECIES: D. Sehiedei, 10 to 15 ft., Guatemala and Uexico; sellowiana, STOVE 10 to 15 ft., hybrid. Lathami. 10 ft.. Brazil; SPECIES: D. antarctica aREENHOUSE (Tasmanian Tree Fern), 18 to 20 ft., Gulcita' (Cushion Fern), dwarf, Madeira; Tree Tasmania; (New Zealand squarrosa "
"
Fern),
15
to
20
ft., New
Zealand.
(Burning Bush; Dittany;Fraxinella; Gas plant). 1596. perennial. First introduced Hardy herbaceous
Dictamnus Ord. Butaces.
"
Foliage, fragrant. CULTUEE: Soil, ordinary, dryish. Position, sunny or partially borders. Plant, Oct., Nov., March or April. Propagate by seeds shady sown J in. deep in lightsoil outdoors in Aug. or Sept.; cuttingsof fleshy in March 2 in. deep outdoors roots inserted or April; division of roots Match. in Oct., Nov. or CULTIVATED: D. albus SPECIES (Syn D. Fraxinella), white. May, 3 ft:, purplish, May, 3 ft. Europe; albas purpureus, "
Ord. Palmaceae. Dictyosperma. Stove Orn. Palms. 1842. Leaves, pinnate. foliage. First introduced CULTUEE : Compost, equal parts loam, leaf-mould tion, Posi" sand. Pot, Feb. or March. pots in shady moist plant stove. Water freely at all times. Temp., March to Sept.70" to 85"; Sept.to March 60" to 65". Propagate by seedssown 1 in. deep in pots of sandy peat "
in temp.
85"
in
Feb.,
March,
or
April.
album, IS to 20 ft., Mauritius; aureum 10 ft, Mauritius; fibrosum, 5 ft.,Madagascar. Ord. Gesneracese. Didymocarpus." Stove perennial herbs. First introduced 1845. SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
D.
138
ENCYCLOPEDIA OULTURE:
dung
"
OF
Compost, equal parts peat
sand.
Feb., March,
Position, well-drained
April. Water Temp., Sept. to March Propagate by cuttings of young or
bell-glassin temp. SPECIES
malajana,
GAEDENING.
yellow,
pots
eammer,
in moist
moderately 55"
to
65";
side shoots
80" to 85" in March
CULTIVATED:
loam, one-fourth
"
or
Oct.
to
Ord.
Filices.
cow
Pot, plant wards. Feb., freely after-
March to inserted in
Sept. 65=^to 75". sandy soil undei
April.
D. hnmboldtiana, lilao, autnnin, 3 4 to 6 in., Malaya.
Didymochlsena."
part
stove.
Stove
fern.
to
4
in., Ceylon;
First introduced
1838.
CTJLTtTRE : Compost, two parts loam, one peat, pounded charcoal " sand. Pot, Feb. or March. Position, well-drained pots in shady part of greenhouse. Water moderately Oct. to Feb., freely afterwards. 60" to 70"; March to Sept. 70" to 80". Temp., Sept. to March gate Propasurface of sandy peat under on bell-glassin temp. by spores sown 70" to 80* at any time SPECIES CULTIVATED: D. lanulata, tree-like habit, Tropics. Dieffenbachia Stove green ever(Dumb Cane)." Ord. Aroideae. First introduced 1863. Orn. Leaves, perennials. foliage. broad, deep green, variegatedwith white or yellow. CULTXJEE: cayed Compost, equal parts peat " loam, one-fourth part dein " silver sand. moist manure Position, well-drained plant pots Water stove. Pot, Feb. or March. moderately Sept. to Feb., freely in summer afterwards. Syringe daily, June, July " Aug. Shade 55" essential. to Feb. to to Feb. 65"; Sept. 65" to 85". Temp., Sept. in. inserted in sandy soil of stems 1 to 2 cuttings long Propagate by 85" in in 75" to under spring. bell-glass temp. SPECIES CULTIVATED: D. Carderi, leaves Tariegated, Colombia; Chelsoni, and and yellow, Colombia leaves, green white, S. America ; Leopoldii, leaves, green -, and and magnifioa, leaves, green white, Venezuela; nobilis, leaves, green white, and 8. America; and Brazil; llegina, leaves, white Bex, leaves, white green, S. America; and white, Brazil. piota, green green, See Dicentra. Dielytra. ciduous Diervilla (Bush Honeysuckle). Ord. Caprifoliaoese. Hardy deFirst introduced 1739. shrubs. Formerly known by the "
"
genericname
Weigela.
of
Soil, ordinary. Position, moist shady shrubberies, or Prune west walls or fences. Plant, Oct. to Feb. or south, east, against CULTXJEE:
No directlyafter flowering,shorteningshoots that have borne flowers. winter of young shoots inserted pruning required. Propagate by cuttings m bell-glassin cool greenhouse in pots of sandy soil under spring; cuttings of firm shoots 6 in. long inserted Sin. deep " 2 in. in Oct. or Nov. floribunda, purple, June, 3 ft., Japan; florida and white, May, 6 to 8 ft., China; (Syn. Weigela rosea), rose grandiflora, pink, 4 ft., Japan ; middenJune, 6 to 8 ft.,Japan ; japonioa hortensis, white, summer, Abel 4 ft., Siberia. Carrifere,Eva Rathe, Tan Houttei, dorfiana, yellow, summer, and variegata are popular varieties or hybrids.
apart in
north
SPECIES
border
Digfitalis
D.
(Foxglove). Ord. Scrophulariaceae.Hardy biennial
perennialherbs. OF CULTURE open
hand-light
under
CULTIVATED:
"
shady border,
Plant, Oct., Nov.,
SPECIES
PERENNIAL or
or
:
Soil,rich ordinary.
naturalisingin woodlands
and
wild
"
tion, Posi-
gardens.
April.
SPECIES: BIENNIAL Sow seeds 1-16 in. deep in OULTURE OF in outdoors border April. Transplant seedlings3 in. apart in shady Transfer in June. seedlingsto floweringpositionin Oct. or shady bed directed for biennials; as Nov. by seeds sown Propagate perennials
division of
plantsin
March.
OF
ENCYCLOPEDIA PERENNIAL
D.
SPECIES:
yellow, July BIENNIAL
and
GARDENING.
(Syn. D.
ambigua
grandiflora
and
ooliroleuca),
Aug., 3 ft., Europe. D.
SPECIES:
are Europe (Britain). There gloxinia-flowered being the Dill. See Feucedanum.
purpurea
July (Foxglove),puijjle,
varieties beautiful.
numerous
most
and
strains
to of
Sept., 3 to 5 ft., this species, the
"
Ord. LeguminossB. Greenhouse flowering Dillwynia. evergreen shrubs. First introduced 1794. CULTURE part : Compost, equal parts fibrypeat " loam, one-fourth June March or sand. in Pot, Position^ pots ; firm greenhouse. sunny little after shoots essential. Prune flowering potting straggling Water to Sept., moderately afterwards. Temp., March freelyMarch Place plants outdoors 45" to 50". to Sept. 60" to 65"; Sept.to March seeds l-16in. deep to to mature sown growth. Propagate by July Sept. in lightsandy compost in temp. 65" to 70" in March; cuttings inserted in pots of sandy peat under bell-glassin temp. 65" in summer. SPECIES CULTIVATED: D. erioifolia,yellow and red, spring, 2 ft., Australia: and floribunda, yellow and hispida, orange red, red, spring, 18 in., Australia; "
spring, 1 ft., Australia.
DimorphOtheca. First introduced INDOOE mould "
"
Compositas.
Ord.
Half-hardy
annuals.
1774.
CULTURE : Compost, two parts sandy loam, one partleafliberal addition of silver sand. or Pot, March April. Grow in cool " summer, Water freely during spring greenhouse. sunny " winter. moderately in autumn Temp., Oct. to March 4(?'to 50". OUTDOOR CULTURE: Position, sunny, Soil, ordinary, sandy. border. in a warm Plant, May " June. Propagate by seeds sown temp, of 55" to 65" in sandv soil in early sprinsr. 2 ft. ; pluvialis, SPECIES CULTIVATED Eoklonis, white and purple, summer, : D. of S. Africa. Native 18 in.,pluvialis flore-pleuo,double. white and purple, summer, Greenhouse Dionsea. baceous her(Venus' Fly-trap). Ord. Droseraceae. gined perennials. Insectivorous plants. Leaves, two-lobed, marwith teeth " sensitive. CUIiTURE tion, : Compost, ecjualparts peat " livingsphagnum. Posiof " in water, pots or pans well drained " partly immersed pans in cool March Water under or Pot, greenhouse. April. glass placed 40" to 45"; March to Sept. 45" freely always. Temp., Oct. to March in mixture of seeds " peat," to 55 sown moss by sphagnum Propagate in March or April; division of plants in kept moist under bell-glass March. D. musoipula, white, July and Aug., 6 in., Carolina. CULTIVATED SPECIES : Dioscoreacese. Ord. Dioscorea (Yam). Hardy tuberous-rooted a
"
.
"
climbing perennials. Tubers, large, milky, edible, cooked
like
toes. pota-
Plant small CULTURE Soil, ordinary. Position, sunny, : open. Fix stakes or branches for 3 in. deep "fe12 in. apart in March. tubers Lift " store tubers in frost-proof place in Oct. on. shoots to climb Propagate by cuttingsof stems 1 in. long with leaf attached, inserted bell-elass in temp. 55" in summer. J in. deep in sandy soil under Batatus CULTIVATED : D. SPECIES 12 ft.,Philippines. (Tarn), white, summer, Greenhouse Diosma green ever(African Steel-bush). Ord. Rutacesa. Leaves fragrant. floweringshrub. two parts fibrous peat, one CULTURE : Compost, part loam, " silver Pinch off points of vigorous shoots in July sand. Pot, May, June. little Oct. to March, Water " Aug. very moderately afterwards. March to 45"; to March 50" to 55". 40" to Sept, Sept. PropaTemp., "
.140
GAEDMNINO.
OF
MNOTOLOPMDIA
leaf-mould. Position, sheltered beds shade of trees. Plant, Jan. or Feb.
decayed POT
on
rookeries,or in borders
Top-dress in
Feb.
with
under well-
manure.
Compost, equal parts loam,
CULTURE:
Position,
6 in.
in unheated Nov. Water
pots,
well
drained, in cold frame
greenhouse till after flowering,when
leaf-mould, Not. stand
to
"
March,
sand. then
outdoors.
Pot,
in full m growth. Propagate by seeds sown pots of light sandy soil in cold in Sept. or March in Oct. or March. frame ; division of crowns SPECIES CULTIVATED: D. Clevelandii, vlolet-blne. May, 1 ft., Oalifoinis; orimson and yellow, March, 6 in.,Oregon; Jeffrey!,pnrple-rose,spring, Henderson!, 6 in., California; Meadia, rosy pnrple, white and lilao,April, 12 in., N. America; Meadia lilacinnm, lilao. album, white, Meadia Dog-berry (Cornus sanguinea). See Cornus. Rose Dogf (Bosa canina). See Bosa. See Cornus. Dos-WOOd. Violet Dos's-Tooth (ErythroniumDens-canis). See Erythro-
moderately when
growth appears, freelywhen
new
"
"
"
"
nium. DoliChOS
green ever(Hyacinth Bean). Ord. Leguminosoa. Greenhouse twiner. First introduced 1776. " peat, little sand. CITLTUEE Position, : Compost, equal partsloam shoots well-drained round trellis, or pillars.Pot, posts twining pots, in in Feb. Water summer. winter, freely Temp., Sept. moderately to Sept. 55" to 65". 50" to 55" ; March to March Propagate by seeds in light soil in temp. 63" in March; sown cuttingsinserted in sandy 65" in soil under in April. bell-glass temp. SPECIES OTJLTITATED : D. Lablab, rosy pnrple, July, 1 to 2 ft..Tropics. Greenhouse Nat. Australia. Doodia,! Ord. Filices. ferns. evergreen 1808. First introduced "
"
CULTURE " sand.
:
Compost,
two
parts loam,
one
part leaf-mould,charcoal
or Pot, Feb., March April. Position, pots in shady part of Water moderately Sept. to March, freely afterwards. greenhouse. 40" to 50" ; March to Sept. 50" to 60". March gate PropaTemp., Sept. to surface of on sandy peat in pans under bell-glass by spores sown in temp. 65" to 75" at any time. its varieties 6 to 8 in., Australia, and CTTLTIVATED: D. SPECIES aspera, and multiflda ; oaudata, 6 to 12 in., Australia ; media, 12 to 18 in., oorymbif era
Australia
and
New
Zealand.
Ord. (Leopard's-bane).
DoronlCUm
"
CompositiB. Hardy
baceous her-
perennials. Position, open borders, banks, or : Soil, ordinary rich. of trees. Plant, Oct., Nov., March, or April. Propagate This genus also does well in pots by division of roots in Oct. or March. in cold for earlyflowering greenhouse. oancssiOULTITATED: D. anstriaoum, yellow, March, IS in., Europe; SPECIES Fardialanohee, yellow. Hay, 2 ft^ Europe yellow, April, 1 ft., Europe; cum, (Britain); plantagineum, yellow, March, 3 ft., Europe (Britain); plautagineum exoelsum, Ian improved form. (Australian Giant Lily; Spear Lily). Ord. AmaDoryanthes duced floweringplants. Orn. foliage. First introryllidaseae.Greenhouse
CULTURE shade under
"
1800.
Position, : Eijpal parts loam " leaf-mould, little sand. well-drained in or Pot, March, lightairy April. Feb., greenhouse. pots Water Temp., Sept. very little Sept to April,moderately afterwards. 50" to 55"; March to Sept.65" to 70". to March Propagate by suckers CULTURE
removed tit any
from
old
plants " placed
in
time. 142
small
pots in temp. 55"
to
65"
ENCYCLOPEDIA SPEOIES Gmifoylei,
CULTIVATED: orimson,
Double
OF
D. exoelsa, soarlet, summer, 8 to 12 ft., N.S. 12 to IS ft., Queensland; Palmeri, red, summer,
summer,
Arrow-head
Double
GARDENING. Wales; 12
(Sagittariasagittaefolia fl.-pl.). "
Bindweed
pubescens (Calystegia
ft." Sea
See Calxfl.-pl.)."
stegia. Double Double
Cherry
See Prunus. (Prunus Cerasue Eliexii fl.-pl.)." Cherry (Prunus japonica fl.-pl.).
Chinese
"
See;
prunus.
Double Double Double Double
Chinese
Dropwort Furze Horse
Plum
See Prunus.. (Prunus sinensis fl.-pl.)." (Spiraeafilipendula plena)." See Spirasa. (Dlex europaeus plenus). See Ulex. Chestnut (iEsoulushippocastanum fl.-pl.). "
"
See .Xsculus. Double
vlasminum
minum. Double
Marsh
(Jasminum Marigold
officinale
Jas-
See fl.-pl.). "
Seer (Caltha palustrisfl.-pl.)."
Caltha.
Double
Mayweed
Double
Myrtle
(Matricaria inodora (Myrtus
communis
var.
See fl.-pl.)."
caria. Matri-
Seej belgica fl.-pl.). "
Myrtus. Double Double
Peach
See Prunus. (Prunus Persica flore-pleno). Ranunculus (Banuncnlus asiaticus; "
Persian
See Banuuculus. fl.'^l.). "
Double Double Double Double
Campion
Red
See Lychnis.. (Lychnis dioica fl.-pl.)."
Red Daisy (Bellisperennis rubra plena). See Bellis.. Rocket (Barbarea vulgaris). See Barbarea. Rose Campion (Lychnis coronaria fl.-pl.). See; "
"
"
Lychnis. Double Double Silene. Double
Scarlet Seaside
Avens
(Geum
CatChfly
coccineum See Geum.. fl.-pl.). maritima Seer (Silene fl.-pl.)." "
Larkspur (Delphinium grandiflorumi Delphinium. Ord. Frimulaceae. Doug^lasia. Hardy alpineevergreen 1827. plants. First introduced loam. CTJLTXJEE Position, sunny : Compost, equal parts peat " March or rockery. Plant, Oct., Nov., April. Propagate by seeds sown 1-16 in. deep in sandy peat in cold frame, or under hand-lightin March division in of plants autumn. or April; Siberian
See fl.-pl.). "
"
SPEOIES
to Sept., 1 in., Oregon D, IseTigata,rosy pink, Maroh niTalis,^ink, April, 1 in., B-ocky Mountains (Syn. Androsace ; Titaliana Titaliana),yellow, May to July, 2 in., Alps. Yew Tree Dovaston (Taxus baccata var. Dovastoni). See Mountains
OULTITATED:
;
"
Taxus.
Dovedale
Downingia.
(Saxifraga hypnoides)."-See Saxifraga. (Peristeriaelata). See Peristeria. Geranium (Geranium moUe). See Geranium. First Ord. Campauulaceaa. Hardy annuals.
Moss
Dove Orchid OOt Dove's-f
"
"
"
troduced in-
1827.
CULTTJEE: Sow
seeds where 0.partin May or
rich. Position, sunny to flower in April. Thin
Soil, ordinary
plants
are
June. 143
beds
or
borders.
to seedlings
6 in.
GARDENING.
OF
ENCYCLOPEDIA
sand. " POT CULTURE : Compost, ec[ual parts loam, leaf-mould Sow seeds 1-16 in. deep in 5 or 6 in. pots placed in temp. 55", or in cold frame in April or May. Water moderately. Apply weak liquidftiauure when in flower. Place plants when in flower in cool greenplants are liou3e or window. CULTIVATED: SPECIES D. elegans (Syn. Olmtonia elegans).blue and white, 6 in., N.W. America; pulchella (Syn. Clintonia pnlchella),blue, white, and summer, 6 in., W. America. yellow, summer, Down Thistle (Onopordon acanthium). See Onopordon. Downton Elm (Ulmus glabra var. pendula).See Ulmus. Draba (Whitlow Grass). Ord. CrucifersB. Hardy perennials. "
"
"
Pretty rockery plants. CULTUKE in sunny ; Soil, ordinary. Position, crevices rockeries, old walls. seeds or on or Plant, March sown April. Propagate by where plants are to grow in April; division of roots in March. SPECIES 3 in., Europe CULTIVATED: D. aizoides, yellow, March, (Britain); Aizoon, yellow, April, 3 in., W. Europe; alpina, yellow, April, 3 in., N. Europe; Maevii, white, spring, 3 in., Spain; pyrenaioa, lilac purple, fragrant, April, 3 m., S. Europe; 3 in., N. Europe. rupestris, white, summer, Dracaena (Dragon-plant; Dragon Blood-tree). Ord. Liliacese. Stove evergreen 1640. Leaves, plants. Orn. foliage. First introduced variegated with various colours. tion, PosiCULTURE: Compost, two parts peat, one part loam " sand. well-drained pots in stove or greenhouse. Pot, Feb. to March. Water moderately Oct. to March, freely afterwards. Temp., March 55" to 65". Propagate by seeds to Sept. 75" to 85" ; Sept. to March 1 in. deep in pots of light sandy soil in temp. 85" i-u March; tings cutsown zontally horiof main cut into lengths of 1 in. " partiallyburied stems in pots of sandy soil in March ; cuttingsof fleshyroots, inserted 1 in. deep in pots of sandy soil in temp. 75" to 80" in March or April; offsets inserted in. 2 March at or stem-rooting deep ; any time. "
A^ril
See also the genus
Cordyline
for
so-called
greenhouse
dracaenas.
CULTIVATED: D. concinna, leaves margined with red, 4 to green, Draco and 6 ft., Mauritius; (Dragon Tree), leaves glaucous, hardy in Cornwall 6 ft., Trop. Islands; fragrans, leaves green, Sollly Isles, 40 to 50 ft., Canary SPECIES
Africa; fragrans Lindenii, leaves, yellow and green; godseffiana, leaves white and leaves, green white, 4 5 ft., Trop. Africa.
green,
to
See
6
ft., Trop. also
Africa;
leaves, fragrans massangeana, 3 ft., Trop. Africa; goldieana, sanderiana, leaves, white and
lists for
varieties.
and
white
trade
green;
and
g:reen,
Ord. Balm). (Dragon's-head; Moldavian " perennial herbs. annual First introduced 1596. Soil, light ordinary. Position, cool partiallyshady
Dracocephalum Labiatse. Hardy CULTURE: borders.
"
" Plant, Oct., Nov., March, or April. Propagate annual seeds in. soil outdoors m sown J speciesby deep light sandy perennial
April; cuttings of young hand-lightor in cold frame in
Nov.,
or
shoots inserted in lightsandy soil under in April or May; division of roots in Oct.,
March.
SPECIES: D. canescens, lilac blue, Aug., 12 to 18 in., ". Europe; (Moldavian Balm), blue, July and Aug., 12 to 18 in., E. Siberia. D. SPECIES: 12 to 18 in., Europe; anstriaoum, blue, summer, 6 to 9 in., Siberia; ruyschianum, grandiflorum, blue, summer, purplish blue, June, 12 to 18 in., Alps; speoiosum, lilao,June, IS in.,Himalayas. Dracunculus (Dragon; Snake-plant)."Ord. AroidesB. Hardy tuberous-rooted our perennial. First introduced 1548. Leaves, flesh colwith black, resembling mottled skin of snake. CULTURE: Soil, sandy. border. Position, well-drained sunny Plant tubers 3 in. deep in Oct. or Nov. Propagate by division of tubers in Oct. or March. ANNUAL Moldavica PERENNIAL
144
ENCYCLOPEDIA
^^^?^S^
CULTIVATED T 3 ft., S. Europe. July,
Drag:on
:
Arum."
D.
OF
draounoulus),chocolate-brown,
Tulga-ris (Syn. Arum
See
Drag'On Tree Dragon's-head
GARDENING.
Dracuncuhis.
(Dracaena draco). "
See
Dracaena.
(Dracocephalum grandiflorum). See
Dracoce-
"
phalum, Dragon's-mouth
"
See Helicodiceroa.
Dragon's-mouth Orchid See Epidendrum. Dropwort See Spiraea. (Spirasafilipendula)." Drosera Greenhouse (Sundew; Youth-wort). Ord. Droseraceae. and hardy perennial insectivorous plants. OULTUEE : Compost, sherds. equalparts livingsphagnum moss, peat, pot"
Position, well-drained
in pots partly immersed pan of water with bell-glass in cool greenhouse. Water gate daily. Propaof livingsphagnum moss surface and peat in on by seeds sown well-drained in temp. 55" to 65" at any time; pots under bell-glass division of the crowns to in March of roots 1 in. or J April; cuttings in pan of moss in temp. 65" " peat under bell-glass long embedded
"
covered
to 75". SPECIES
CULTIVATED: and D. intermedia, white red, July, 3 D. anglica), white, July, 3 in., Europe (Britain);
longifolia(Syn. white, July,
4
in., Europe
in., Europe; rotundifolia,
(Britain).
Drosophyllum
Ord. Droseraceae. (Portuguese Sundew). Greenhouse introduced 1869. First insectivorous shrubby plants. OULTUEE well-drained loam. Position, : Soil, light sandy pots close to glassin light, airygreenhouse. Water twice Sept. to once or April,very little afterwards. Temp., Sept. to March 40" to 50" ; March to Sept. 50" to 60". the surface of sandy on Propagate by seeds sown loam in well-drained in pots spring. SPECIES CULTIVATED : D. lusitanicum, yellow. May, 1 ft.,Portugal. See Brassica. Drumhead Cabbage. "
"
Drummond's
mondi). "
(SarraceniaDrum-
Side-saddle-flower
See
Sarracenia.
Dryas
(Mountain Avens). plants. "
Ord.
Hardy
Eosaceae.
evergreen
ing trail-
OULTUEE: So'l, moist peat. Position, sunny rockery or borders. 1-16 in. deep Plant, Oct., Nov. or March. Propagate by seeds sown boxes in sandy peat in shallow pans in cold frame or April or May; in cuttingsof shoots 2 in. long inserted in sandy soil in cold frame
autumn;
division
SPECIES
of
CULTIVATED:
octopetala, white, June,
March. or Drummondii, yellow, Jane, 3 in., trailing-, Europe.
plantsin Oct., Nov. D.
(Wood Tongue Fern).
Orymogiossum
"
creepingfern.
First
introduced
3
Ord.
in., N.
America;
Pilices.
Stove
1828.
evergreen OULTUEE : Compost, equal parts loam, peat, leaf-mould, pounded charcoal " sand. Pot or plant,Feb., March, or April. Position,wellWardian Water case. drained shallow moderately Oct. pans or beds in 55" to 60"; March to Feb., freelyafterwards. Temp., Sept. to March surface of sandy on to Sept.65" to 75". Propagate by spores sown rhizomes in division of time Feb. or 75" at to 65" ; m any peat
temp.
March. SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
Drynaria. DrypiS. First
"
introduced
CULTURE:
D.
Himalayas;
oarnosum,
See Polypodium. Ord. Caryophyllaceae.
India. flioselloides,
"
Hardy
herbaceous
perennial.
1775.
Soil, ordinary.
Position, sunny US
rockeries
or
borders.
OF
ENCYCLOPEDIA
OABDENING.
in lightsoil April. Propagate by seeds sown in cold frame under in March hand^light or or April; cuttingsinserted in sandy soil under hand-lightor in cold frame in Sept. or Oct. 8FE0IES OTTLTITATED 9 in., UeOiterranean spinosa, blue, summer, : D. Begion. Duck's-f OOt (Podophyllum peltatum). See Podophyllum. Duke Of See Argyll's Tea-plant (Lycium barharum).
Plant, Oct., Nov., March,
"
"
Lycium. Dumortier's
Day
Lily
(HemerocallisBumortieri).
See
"
Hemerocallis.
Dusty
Miller
Primula Dutch
and
(Primula
auricula
and
Senecio
cineraria). "
See
Senecio.
Ag'rimony
(Eupatorium cannabinum).
See
"
Eupa-
torium.
Dutch Iionicera.
Honeysuckle
(Louicera periclymenum belgica). See "
Dutchman's Breeches (Dicentra cucuUaria)."See Dicentra. Dutchman's Pipe (Aristolochia Sipho)."See Aristolochia. Dutch See Myrtle (Myrica Gale)." Myrica. Greenhouse succulent Ord. Bromeliacese. Dyckia. orn. foliage plants. First introduced 1839. "
CULTURE : Compost, two " little parts loam, one part leaf-mould sand. Position, pots in light,airy greenhouse; outside June to Sept. Water moderately April to Aug., little afterwards. Eepot every five six years; or 50" to good drainage essential. Temp., Sept. to March to Sept._ 55" to 65". 65"; March offsets suckers serted inor Propagate by in small pots in greenhouse at time. any
CULTIVATED
SPECIES
:TJ. altiseima,yellow, autumn,
2
ft., Brazil:
brevifolia,
yellow, Aug., 1 ft., Brazil.
Tick-Seed Dyer's See (Coreopsistinctoria)." Ear See Fuchsia. Drops." Earth
Coreopsis.
Nut (Arachishypogsea). See Arachis. Flovwer (Euphorbia puleherrima). See Euphorbia. Indian Cedar (Cedrus deodara)."See Cedrus. Indian Coral-tree (Erythriuaindica)."See Erythrina. Indian Flax (Eeinwardti trigynum). See Reinwardti. Indian Guava-tree (Psidium indicum)."See Psidium. Indian Periwinkle (Vinca rosea)."See Vinca. Indian Pitcher-plant (Nepenthes sanguinea)." See "
Easter East East
East East East East
"
"
Nepenthes. East
Indian
Rose-bay
(Tabernaemontana coronaria)."See
TabernEsmontana.
Eccremocarpus
(CSiilianGlory-flower)." Ord. Bignoniacea. climbingplants. First introduced 1825.
Half-hardy
evergreen ^ ^"^'' June. Plant,
9P^'^" walls.
"
'^'''^- i'osition, against ^'C^*
south
or
south-west
Protect roots in Oct. by layer of cinder ashes on surface of soil; branches in severe weather by mats. Propao^ate by seeds sown 1-16 in. deep in well-drained pots of lightsandy soil in temp.
65"
to 75"
in
March
or
"
CULTIVATED: ^^SPEOIES
o
April.
Eccremocarpus
sealer, Vine
scarlet
and
j
yellow, summer,
r-
16
to
(Eccremocarpus soaber)." See
20 ft.,
mocarpus. Eccre-
'
Echeveria." Echinacea
See
Cotyledon.
Ord. Composite. (PurpleCone-flower)."
Ijaceousperennials.
First
introduced 146
1799.
Hardy het". ; "iv*
MNOYOLOPJs!DIA CULTURE borders or seeds sown outdoors or or
OF
OARDENINO.
Soilj deep rich lightloam.
:
Position, well-drained
sunny
rockeries. Plant, Oct.. Nov., or March. Propagate by J in. deep in boxes of lightsoil in temp. 50" to 55" in March, in sunny
positionin April;
division
of roots in Oct., March,
April.
SPtlOIES
CULTIVATED
E.
purplish red, Aug., 3 ft.,N. America. house GreenOrd. Cactaceae. succulent First introduced 1796. plants. CULTUBE : Compost, two parts fibrous sandy loam, one part brick in sand. rubble, old mortar Position, well-drained pots in sunny greenhouse window. three or Water four or Repot every years in March. afterwards. once a month a week Sept. to April,once Temp., Sept. to 50" to 55" ; March March to Sept. 65" to 75". Propagate by seeds sown in well-drained of soil in temp. 75" in March, deep Jin. sandy pans soil moist inserted in small pots stems of moderately cuttings ; keeping kinds of sandy soil kept barely moist in summer common ; grafting on in April. OTTLTIYATED E. breTihamatns, pink and 4 to 6 in.. 8FE0IES : rose, summer, 6 in., Mexico; centeterius, yellow, summer, mer, Mexico; cinnabarinus, red, sumNew 4 in., Bolivia; concinnus, yellow, summer, 4 in., Mexico; ooptonogonus, white Mexico; and cornigerus, purple, summer, corynodes, purple. May, 4 in., Mexico; 8 in. ; Gummingii, 4 in., Argentina ; orispatus, purple, summer, yellow, summer, BollTia ; cylindraoeus, yellow, summer, 4 ft., Colorado yellow, summer, ; Emoryi, Grusoiiii, Colorado; gihbosus, white, June, 4 in., Mexico; yellow and red, autumn, red and yellow, summer, 6 in., Mexico; leeanus, white and rose. May, Argentina; 5 in., Mexico; multlflorus, white, summer, yellow, spring, 12 to 18 in., scopa, 4 in., Mexico, Brazil; soopa fasoiated; Simpsoni, purple, summer, crista, stem in S. of England. outdoors a very hardy species. May be grown Echinops (Globe Thistle). Ord. Composites. Hardy biennials and perennials. First introduced 1570. CULTURE borders. : Soil, ordinary. Position, well-drained sunny Plant, Oct., Nov. or March. Propagate by seeds sown Jin. deep in positionoutdoors in April; division of roots in Oct., Nov. or sunny March. E. bannaticus BIENNIAL SPECIES (Syn. E. ruthenious),yiolet-blue,summer, : 2 to 3 ft.,Hungary. 3 ft., S. Europe; PERENNIAL E. Kitro, blue, summer, SPECIES: sphsero3 to 4 ft., Europe. cephalus, pale blue, summer, EchinopsiS (Hedge-hog Cactus).Ord. Cactaceso, Greenhouse 1835. succulent plants. First introduced two fibrous CULTURE: sandy loam, one part brick Compost, parts well-drained old sand. mortar " rubble, Position, pots in sunny greenhouse three four window. Water or or Repot every years in March. afterwards. week month once a a Temp., Sept. Sept. to April, once to March to Sept. 65" to 75". 50" to 55" ; March Propagate By seeds sown J in. deep in well-drained pans of sandy soil in temp. 75" in March, keepingsoil moderately moist ; cuttingsof stems inserted in small pots kinds of sandy soil,kept barely moist in summer common ; graftingon in April. 1 ft., Chili; oristata, SPECIES OtTLTIVATED: E. campylaoantha, rose, summer, and 1 ft.,Bolivia; decaisneana, white yellow, July, 1 ft.; white, summer, creamy Eyriesii,white, fragrant, July, 4 to 6 in., Mexico ; Eyriesii nore-pleno, double ; and 6 in., Brazil; Pentlandii, white red, July, 6 in., oxygonus, summer, rose, 4 in., Mexico. Mexico; tubiflorua,white, summer, ing Ord. Apocynacese. Stove evergreen Echites. flowering" climb1823. shrubs. First introduced silver sand. CULTURE: Compost, rough fibry peat " one-fourth with shoots trained to of stove or to roof well-drained pots, Position, shoots Prune, Oct., cutting away wire trellis. Pot, Feb. or March.
EchinocactUS
:
purpurea,
(Hedge-hog Cactus). "
"
"
"
U7
ENCYCLOPEDIA that
have
flowered
GARDENING.
OF
only. Water
little Oct.
very
to
Feb., moderately
Feb. to April,freely afterwards.
Temp., Oct. to Feb. 55" to 60"; Feb. to Oct. 65" to 75". side shoots 3 in. Propagate by cuttings of young in temp. 80" in Feb., long inserted in pots of sandy peat under bell-glass March, or April. OXft-TIVATED: E. panioulata, yellow, summer, 6 to 10 ft.,Brazil. Echium (Viper's Bugloss). Ord. Boraginaceae. Hardy annuals, biennials " perennials. CULTUEE well-drained borders : Soil, ordinary. Position, sunny, wild garden. Plant, Aug. or April. Propagate by seeds sown or J in. SPECIES
"
in sunny
position outdoors
in April or Aug. 2 to 3 ft., 8. plantagineum, bluish purplo, summer, 3 to 4 ft., Britain. Europe (Britain); vnlgare, purple or blue, summer, SPECIES ANNUAL E. oretioum, violet,July, 12 to 18 in., S. Europe. : 1 ft., Spain. E. albicans, rose : or violet, summer, PEEENNIAL_ SPECIES Edelweiss (Leontopodium alpinum)." See Leoutopodium. Eel-Grass (Vallisneriaspiralis).See Vallisneria. Eg^g^-plant (Solanum melongena). See Solanum.
deep
BIENNIAL
SPECIES:
E.
"
"
Daffodil (Narcissus See Narcissus.
ESSS-and-Bacon
Phoenix).
Orange ESlantine Egryptian Egryptian ESyptian
var.
"
(Bosa rubiginosa). See Bosa. (Nelumbium speciosum). See Nelumbium. Bean Kidney (DolichosLab-lab)." See Dolichos. Lily (Bichardia africana). See Bichardia. Lotus (Nymphsea lotus). See Nymphaea. Onion See Allium. (Allium Cepa proliferurq)." Rose See Scabiosa. (Scabiosaatropurpurea). Water See Lily (Nymphaea lotus). Nymphaea. (Oleaster; Wild Olive)." Ord. Elasagnaceae. Hardy "
Bean
"
"
Egyptian
"
Egyptian Egyptian
"
Egyptian Elseagnus deciduous
incomparabilisfl.-pl.
"
"
shrubs. Orn. 1633. foliage. First introduced with white. variegated CXJLTIJBE : Soil, ordinary. Position, open sheltered dryish borders, south walls. Plant deciduous west or or against speciesin Oct., Nov. in or Dec; April or Sept. Propagate by seeds sown J^in. evergreen in temp. 55" in March; in boxes of soil light deep cuttingsinserted in in Sept.; layering in Oct. sandy soil in cold frame SPECIES: EVERGREEN E. glabra, white, Aug., 4 to 6 ft., China and Japan; 6 ft., China maorophylla, yellow, Sept., 6 ft., Japan; pungena, yellow, autumn, and Japan; pungens aureo-maculata, golden leaved; variegata, silver pongens evergreen
Leaves, green
or
E.
DEOIDUOXTS SPECIES: 8 ft., N. Amerioa.
argentea
(Syn. Shepherdia argentea), yellow, July,
(Sambucus nigra). See Sambueus. Elderberry (Sambucus nigra). See Sambucus. Elder-scented Orchis (Orchis sambucina).- See Orchis. Elecampane (Inula helenium). See Inula. Ear Elephant's (Begonia Bex)." See Begonia. Ear Fern Elephant's (Aorostichum crinulatum). See AcroElder
"
"
"
"
stichum.
Elephant's
Foot
See (Testudinaria elephautipes)."
Testudi-
naria.
Elephant's-tooth
Cactus
See Mammillaria. Eleven O'CIOCk
Lady
(Mammillaria elephantidens)." (Ornithogalum umbellatum).
"
See
Ornithogalum. Elisenai First
"
introduced
Ord.
Amaryllidese. Warm
1837. 143
greenhouse
bulbous
plant
GARDENING.
OF
ENCYCLOFMDIA
Soil, ordinary"mixed with
little peat and leaf-mould. a shrubberies beds. or Plant, Sept.or April. Position, warm, soil in heat in spring. firm shoots in of sandy Propagate by cuttings Oin/TIVAT]fb : E. caiiipanula.tns, 6 ft., iTapan ; japonioas, SPECIES red, summer, white, Feb., 5 to 6 ft., Japan. duced Home Ord. con. Papaveracese. Hardy perennial. First introCTJLTUEE:
sheltered
"
1889.
CULTXJEE: wellPosition, sunny, Soil, sandy peat " leaf-mould. drained Water border. Plant, Oct. to March. freely in very dry weather. or Propagate by division of the roots in March early April. 1 to 2 ft.,China. E. ohionantha, white, summer, CULTIVATED: SPECIES Tasmaniau Epacris (Australian Heath; Heath). Ord. Epacrishrubs. First introduced deae. Greenhouse 1803. flowering evergreen CULTURE silver : Compost, three-fourths fibry peat, one-fourth sand. doors Position, lightairy greenhouse Sept. to July, sunny place outJune or tial. essenJuly to Sept. Repot, April, good ; drainage Majj, shoots of erect kinds to within 1 in. of base directlyafter Prune flowering; pendulouskinds about half-way. Water moderately at all to July. Temp., Sept. to March times. Syringe plants daily March to July, 55" to 60". 45" to 50"; March Stimulants not essential. pagate Proimmediately they ripen on surface of sandy peat by seeds sown in temp. 55"; cuttingsof ends of shoots inserted in pots under bell-glass with bell-glass of sandypeat covered placed in cool greenhouse in Aug. "
April.
or
SPECIES
OtTLTIVATED:
E.
hyaointhiflora, white
to
red, March,
2
to
3
ft.,
Australia; hyaointhiflora candidissima, white, hyacinthifora oarminata, carmine; and hyaointhiflora fulgrens,pinlc; longiflora, crimson white. May and June, 2 to 4 ft., Australia; longiflora splendens, red, tipped white; purpuraecens, white and
red, winter, in
trade
2
to 3
ft., Australia.
Numerous
varieties
and
hybrids will be found
lists.
Ord. Orchidaceas. Bigeneric orchids, the result distinct genera ^Epidendrum and Cattleya. Habit, intermediate between the two Flowers borne in terminal parents. spikes. Require similar culture to Epidendrums.
Epi-Cattleya.
of
"
hybridisingtwo
HYBRIDS
yellow and purple.
CULTIVATED:
vermilion;
"
E.
matutina
radiata-bowringiana
E. (0. bowringiana x radioans), 0. bowriugiana), rosy (E. radiatum x
Epidendrum Ord. (Dragon's-mouth Orchid; Tree Orchid). Orchidacese. Stove " greenhouse epiphytalorchids. Flowers fragrant. First introduced 1835. CULTURE : Compost, two parts fibry peat, one part chopped living Position, well-drained pots, hanging sphagnum moss, charcoal 4; sand. baskets, or on blocks of wood. Repot or block, Feb. or March; pots must be well drained. Water three times weekly March to Aug. ; once week a Aug. to Nov. " Feb. to March; once month Nov. a to Feb. Temp, for stove species,65" to 75" March to Sept.,60" to 65" Sept. to for greenhouse species,45" to 55" Nov. March; to April, 55" to 65" Nov. to to Nov. Resting period, March April Growing period,Nov. to March. Propagate by division of plants,or by offsets when new "
growth
begins.
SPECIES: STOVE E. atropurpnreum, brown, white and purple sprinir 3 ft and rose Trop. Amerioa; white, July, 3 ft., Mexico ; p'rismatooarpuni neijorale, 3 ft.,Central yellow, purple and rose, summer, creamy Amerioa; Wallisii * yellow * and white, winter, 3 ft., Colombia. crimson GREENHOUSE SPECIES: E. Titellinum, orange, scarlet,and yellow, autumn 1
ft., Guatemala.
and purple, April ; Endrcsio- Wallisii, : Clarissa, red yellow white and purple, spring; o'brienianum, yellow and carmine, July. Require stove treatient. HYBRIDS
150
ENCroLOPMMA EpigBea.
OP
oahdMj^jng.
(American Ground Laurel; New England May-flower)." First introduced Hardy evergreen creeping shrub.
1736
rockeries. sandy peat. Position,shady borders X^"^^' Di'^H^o^'?''^ division of plant in Oct. bept., Oct. Propagate April. by ^lant, or
or
or
SPEOIBS
CULTIVATED: Ord. T'P*..^^"^' hybridising species of
E. repens, white, fragrant, May, trailing, N. America. Orchidaceae. Bigenerio orchids, tJie result of Epideudrum with those of Laelia. Habit, like Flowers borne in erect scapes. Culture, same
"
,
that as
of
an
Epidendrum.
required by Epidendruma.
E. ciliare), x Epidendrnm (L. anceps hardyana E. radioans), x orimson-purples ; radioo-purpurata iL. purpurata orange-soarlet, reddish purple, and lemon-yellow. EpilObJum (Willow Herb; Bay Willow; Eose Bay)." Ord. OnagrariesB. Hardy perennial herbs. Showy plants for wild or town
HTBEIDS
wnite,
CIJLTIVATED:
and
rose,
gardens. Flowers, rose-pink,crimson ; May to Aug. Soil, ordiborders, or side of water-courses. Position, shady or sunny nary. March. |^in.deep in Plant, Oct., Nov. or Propagate by seeds sown in of roots division in outdoors March, April or Aug. ; shady position CULTURE
'
Oct.
:
March.
or
son, Willow), crimE. angustifolinm (Kose Bay or French ft., Europe (Britain)j angustifolium album, white, hirsutum (Codlma and Cream), pink or white, July, i ft., Britain; luteum, yellow, summer, rosmarini6 in., California: 6 in., N. America; obcordatum, rosy purple, summer, July, 2 ft.,Europe. folium,_red, Epimedium (Barreu-wort; Bishop's Hat). Ord. BerberidaccEe. 1830. Leaves, green, herbaceous perennials. First introduced
CULTITATBD:
SPECIES
July,
3
to
5
"
Hardy
margined
with
CULTURE
coppery
bronze.
Soil, sandy loam
:
"
peat. Position,cool shady
border
or
Plant, Oct., Nov., March
or trees. well under April. division of roots in July or Aug. and E. alpinum, crimson yellow. May, 9 in., Europe; CULTIVATED: SPECIES white and blue. May, 10 in., ooncinnum, purple, March, 8 in., Japan; ma^ranthum, Japan; pinnatum, yellow. May, 13 in.,Persia; rubrum, yellow and red. May, 8 in., Japan. Ord. Orchidaceoe. Hardy terrestrial orchids. EpipactUS. Position, moist shady borders or CULTURE : Soil, peat " chalk. Collect wild specimens near ponds or rivulets. Plant in early autumn. of plant in division after flowering. Propagate by
rockery; will Propagate by
do
"
directly
March
or
April.
E. latifolia,purple, July, 1 ft., Europe (Britain)j CULTIVATED: palustris,purple, July, 1 ft., Europe (Britain). A bigeneric Orchidaceae. Ord. hybrid orchid EpiphronitiS. oans. radiwith Epideudrum obtained Sophronitisgraudiflora
SPECIES
"
by crossing
to similar Habit that to Culture, similar HYBRID crimson
CULTIVATED: and
parent, but dwarfer. required by Epidendrums. latter
E.
Veitohii
(S. grandiflora
x
Flowers, large.
Epidendrum
radioans),
yellow.
Epiphyllum greenhouse CULTURE fourth silver
:
lent SuccuCactaceae. 1810. trailingplants. First introduced, parts turfy loam, peat " leaf-mould, one-
Cactus). (Leaf-flowering "
Ord.
Compost, equal
greenhouse Sept. to June, sand. Position, light warm to June frame cold moderately Sept. Water or sunny place outdoors Nov. to March times. other Temp., little more freely to April, Sept. 55" to 65" ; Sept. to Nov. 40" to 45". gate Propato June 50" to 60" ; March in 2 in. pots filled with sandy soil " inserted singly cuttings by 151
ENCYCLOPEDIA
GAnDBNINO.
OF
brick dust in March or April; graftingon Pereskia aculeata or P. Bleo in temp. 65 to 75" in Feb., March or April. SPECIES CULTIVATED: E. trunoatum, red, winter, Brazil; russellianum, rosy rose,
May,
HYBRIDS Gffirtneri and white
Brazil. AND
VARIETIES:
(hybrid), scarlet purple.
Epistephium.
Feb.;
bieolor, purple and white; violet; salmoneum, salmon;
Ord.
"
First introduced CULTURE :
E. and
Orchidaceae.
ooooineum, scarlet; violaceum, carmine,
terrestrial
Stove
orchid.
1864.
Compost,
two
parts fibrous
good drainage essential; keep
loam,
soil below
one
part sand.
rim
of
Pot, Water
pot.
three times weekly March to Aug. ; once weekly Aug. to Nov. " Feb. to March. other times. a month ; once Syringe freelyin summer. Temp., March to Sept. 65" to 85"; Sept. to March 60" to 70". Propagate by division of pseudo-bulbs at potting time. SPECIES CULTIVATED 12 in., Bahia.
:
Equisetum tacese.
Williamsii,
B.
mauve,
rose,
white,
(Horsetail; Fox-tailed
Hardy
deciduous
and
yellow,
summer,
Ord. EquiseAsparagus). perennials. Orn. foliage.Leaves,
herbaceous
"
rush-like, elegant. Soil,ordinary. Position, bogs, margins of ponds, moist in pots in a cool shady greenhouse. Plant or shady corners, or pot, April. Water plantsin pots freely whilst growing, moderately at other times. Propagate by division of rootstocks in March or April. green,
narrow,
CULTUEE
SPECIES
:
CULTIVATED
:
EragrostiS
Hardy
maximum
light,feathery
"
(Syu. E. Telmateia), 3 to 6 ft.,Britain. Love Grass). Ord. Graminese. Nat. cence, Temperate Regions. Inflores-
Grass;
floweringgrasses.
annual
CULTUEE
E.
(Feather
"
graceful.
Soil, ordinary. Position, open sunny Propagate by seeds sown J in. deep where plants are Gather
:
inflorescence in
SPECIES
beds
or
to grow
borders. in April.
July
" dry for winter use. and plumosa. a;gyptica, elegans, maxima Ord. Acanthacese. Stove flowering introduced 1790.
CULTIVATED
:
Eranthemuirii
E.
"
plants.
Orn. foliage. First CULTUEE : Compost, equal parts peat, leaf-mould, loam " sand. Position, well-drained pots in light stove Sept. to June, sunny frame June to Sept. Pot, March or April. Water moderately in winter, freely other times. Temp., Sept. to March 55" to'65" ; March to June, 65" to 75". Prune shoots to within 1 in. of base after flowering. Apply to plants in flower. liquid or artificial manure occasionally
Propagate
by cuttings temp. 75" SPECIES and white
of young March to
shoots
inserted
in
sandy peat under
bell-glassin
July.
CULTIVATED:
E. albiflorum, white, summer, 2 ft., Brazil; Andersonii 1 ft., Malaya; purple, autumn, cinnabai-inum, scarlet, winter 3 ft' Burma; Cooperi, white and purple, June, 2 ft..New Caledonia. Eranthis (Winter Aconite)."Ord. Eauunculaceae. Hardy tuber ous-rooted perennial. First introduced 1596. CULTUEE: Soil, ordinary. Position, shady borders,
beds, lawns,
under
trees
rockeries.
Plant 2 in. deep " 2 in. apart in Oct., Nov Dec. Tubers should not be lifted,but left or permanently in the soil POT CULTUEE: Compost, equal parts leaf-mould, loam " sand. Position, 3 in. pots or large pans in cool greenhouse or window. Plant tubers \ in. deep " close together in pots or Water pans in Oct. or Nov. moderately. After flowering,plant tubers out in borders. Propagate by division of tubers in Oct. or Nov. SPECIES
Europe
or
on
qULTIYATED:
E.
hyemalis, yellow,
(Britain). 152
Jan.
to
March, ,
3 u
to ou
4 ^"
in m.,
ENCYCLOPEDIA
OF
GARDJENING.
Ercilla,! Ord. Phytolaccacera.' Hardy evergreen introduced 1840. CITLTURE: Soil, sandy loam. Position, south "
First
creeper.
south or walls; Plant, Sept. or April. Prune after flowering,cutting away sunny. weak " shortening strong snoots fourth. Shoots cling to wall like one those of ivy. Propagate by cuttingsor layers in autumn. SPECIES 10 to 15
CULTIVATED:
E.
yolubilis
(Syn. Bridgesia spioata),pnrple, spring,
ft.,Chili.
Eremostachys (DesertRod)." Ord.Lahiatae. Hardy perennial. First introduced 1731. CULTUEB: Soil,light rich. Position, sunny well-drained borders. Oct. Plant, or April. Cut off spikes after flowering. Propagate by seeds sown 1-16 in. deep in light soil in sunny in positionoutdoors April; ; division of roots in Oct. or April. SPECIES CULTIVATED E. laoiniata, rosy purple and : yellow, summer, ^ ft., Asia Minor.
Eremurus. Ord. Liliaceae. herbaceous Hardy perennials. First introduced 1800. OULTTJEE: loam. tion, PosiSoil, light deep rich sandy, well-manured well-drained beds borders. Oct. planting Transor Plant, Sept.or sunny must is reallynecessary. Mulch not be done oftener than with in autumn. Water freely well-decayedmanure copiouslyin hot weather. Protect' in winter bracken of or dry litter. by a covering March division of roots Oct. seeds in heat in m or sown Propagate by ; in cold for frame three first spring, growing seedlingson years. SPECIES CULTIVATED: E. Aitohinsonii, red, Jnne and July, 3 to 5 ft., Afghanistan; aurantiacus, orange-yellow. May, 3 to 3 ft., Afghanistan; Bungel, and July, 1 to 3, ft.,Persia; himalaicus, white. May and June, 8 ft., yellow, June Himalayas ; kauf mannianus, yellow, .Tune, 4 ft., Turkestan Olgse, lilac-purple, ; and June, 6 to 10 ft., fragrant, 2 to 4 ft., Turkestan; rohustus, pink. May Turkestan; speotabilis,yellow and orange, June, 2 to 4 ft.,Siberia; turkestanicus, maroon and white, June, 2 to 4 ft., Turkestan. "
Erianthus neae.
Hardy
orn.
(Woolly Beard Grass; Eavenna foliageperennial grass.
Grass). "
Inflorescence
Ord. Gramisimilar to
plumes. Leaves, narrow, pampas green. well-drained lawns CULTURE Position, sunny Soil, deep loam. : Mar"5i division in roots of borders. or or Plant, April. Propagate by March or April. E. Eavennse, SPECIES 6 ft., Mediterranean CULTIVATED Eegion. : Erica (Heath). floweringshrubs. "
CULTURE
OP
Ord.
HARDY
Ericaceae. SPECIES:
Hardy
"
greenhouse
Soil, sandy peat.
banks on sunny rockeries, or margins of borders ; or massed wild garden. Plant, Oct. or March. Prune stragglyshoots
evergreen
Position,
in the in April. SPECIES: GREENHOUSE CULTURE OP Compost, two-thirds silver sand. Position, well-drained pots, in fibrous peat, one-third lightairy greenhouse Oct. to July, sunny place outdoors July to Oct. kinds in March, " winter-flowering summer-flowering Repot autumn the compost firmly in pots. Water Press sorts in Sept. carefully not soil moist to rain, sufiicient ; uniformly keep spring always,giving shoots to within 1 or 2 in. of base immediately Prune water, essential. 40" to 45"; March to July 45" after flowering. Temp., Oct. to March or
best stimulant. Soot-water Propagate greenhouse speciesby in well-drained inserted in. 1 shoots of pot of sandy peat long cuttings in temp. 60" to 70" in spring; hardy species under bell-glass by cuttings or hand-lightoutdoors in Sept. inserted in sandy peat under bell-glass to 55".
153
OF
ENCYGLOPMDIA
or
Oct.; division
of
GARDENING.
plants in Oct.; layering shoots
in
Sept., Oct.
or
Nov. 6 to 10 ft., Mediterranean E. arborea, white, May, Region, carnea England; (S3'n. E. herbacea), pink, Jan. to April, 8 to 12 in., G in., Europe; carnea alba, white; ciliaria ^Dorset Heath), red, summer, (Scotch Britain; cinerea Heather), crimson-purple, July to Sept., 6 to 12 in., Britain and Ireland, and its varieiies, alba (white), atropurpurea (purple),coocinea rosea (scarlet),purpurea (purplish rose) ; lusitauica (Syn. E. codonodes),pinkish white, Jan. to April, 2 to 6 ft., Spain; Mackaii, red, July and Aug., 1 ft., Ireland; mediterranea Syn. ". hibernioa-^pink, April and (Irish Heath) May), 4 to 5 ft., Ireland, etc.; tetralix (Cross-leaved Heath, or Bell Heather), rosy red, July to and Ireland; tetralix alba, white; tetralix rubra, red; Sept., 6 to 12 in., Britain (Cornish Heath), pink, July to Sept., 6 in. to 2 ft.,England, France, and vagans alba, white; vagans rubra, red. Ireland; vagans E. and GBEENHUUSE SPECIES : aitoniana, white purple, Aug., IS in., S. Africa; oaffra, white. May, 18 in., S. Africa; cavendishiana (hybrid), yellow. May, 4 ft.; coocinea, scarlet,June, 1 ft., S. Africa; elegans, rose and Aug., 6 in., green, S. Africa; gracilis, reddish purple, 1 ft., S. Africa; hyemalis (hybrid), pink, Dec. to March; jasminiflora, pink, Aug., 2 ft., S. Africa; macnabiana (hybrid),pink and and white, June, 18 in. ; marnockiana white, July (hybrid),purple, cumson and Aug., 18 in.; persoluta, purple, April, 16 in., 8. Airica; ventricosa, pink, June, 1 ft., S. Africa, and its varieties alba (white), carnea (flesh),and -coocinea its varieties alba (white), vestita, white, June, 3 ft., 8. Africa, and (scarlet) ; carnea (scarlet), incarnata (pink), lutea (yellow), purpurea (flesh),coocinea (rose); willmoreana, red, June, 12 in., a hybrid. (purple),and rosea herbaceous Erig^eron (Flea-bane). Ord. Compositae. Hardy First introduced 1628. perennials. CULTURE: moist rockeries Soil, ordinary. Position, sunny or borders. after Gut down stems Plant, Oct. or March. flowering. doors J in. deep in light soil in shady positionoutPropagateby seeds sown in April,May or June ; division of roots in Oct. or March. SPECIES CULTIVATED ; B. alpinus grandiflorus, purple and yellow, Aug., 12 in.. Northern 12 in., Turkestan Regions ; aurantiaous (Orange Daisy), orange, summer, ; 12 Muoronatus, white, pink and yellow, summer, in., Australia; Boylei, bluish 6 to 8 in.,Himalayas. and yellow, summer, purple^ ErinuSi Ord. Scrophularinesa. Hardy herbaceous perennial. First introduced 1739. CULTUEE " old mortar. : Soil, decayed vegetable mould Position, crevices of old sunny walls or dryish rockeries. Plant, March or April. where Propagate by seeds sown plantsare to grow in April; division of plants in April. SPECIES OULTIVATED E. alpinus, violet purple, spring, 6 in., Pyrenees. : ilalfEriobotrya (Loquat; Chinese Medlar). Ord. Eosacea. shrub. Fruit Fruit of Loquat hardy evergreen flowering bearing. about the size of green walnut, pale orange-red, downy, borne in bunches. OUTDOOE CULTUEE: Soil, light deep loam. Position, against south walls S. " S.W. of England " Ireland only. Plant, Sept.to Nov., weather with mats April or May. Prune, April. Protect in severe
HARDT
hardy
only
SPECIES: in S.
of
"
"
"
"
or
hurdles.
straw
INDOOR mould.
CULTURE
:
Position, beds
Soil, two
parts sandy loam,
leafheated slightly one
part
wall cold or against greenhouse. Plant, Oct. or April. Water moderately Sept.to afterwards. April, freely Syringe daily May to Sept. Prune stragshoots in seeds in sown April. by Propagate Jin. deep gung potsof Ught soil iucold greenhouse or frame, spring or autumn; cuttings of firm shoots inserted in sandy soil in cold frame or greenhouse,Aug.; layeringin Oct.; grafting on common quince in March; budding on in July. hawthorn back
of
sunny
SPECIES
Japan.
OtrLTIVATED: Known also as
E.
Fhotinia
japonioa, white, japonioa. 154
summer,
10
to
30
ft., China
and
ENOYOLOPMDtA
Eriogronum,
Ord.
"
First introduced
CULTURE:
GAliDMNtlStG.
OF
Polygonaceae. Hardy
perennials.
herbaceous
18H.
borders. Soil, ordinary. Position, open Plant, Oct. in outdoors soil in in. J light deep
March. Propagate by seeds sown April; division of roots in March.
or
SPECIES CULTIVATED: Amerioa.^ N.W.
E.
umbellatuin
Sileri, golden yellow,
12
summer,
in.,
Eriophorum (Cotton Grass)."Ord. Cyperacese. Hardy aquatic perennials. Inflorescence borne in spikelets,with cottony tufts on their extremities. Soil CULTURE: March.
ordinary. Position, margins where Propagate by seeds sown plants are
Plant,
ponds.
of to
division
grow;
plants in March.
of
SPECIES
Britain;
CULTIVATED:
vaginatum,
EriopsiS.
"
First introduced
E. alpinum, ft., Britain. Ord. Orchidaceee.
1
ft., N.
Hemisphere;
polystaohion,1 ft.,
1
Stove
evergreen
epiphytal orchid.
1845.
Repot, Compost, fibrous peat, little sphagnum moss. Water three March part of stove. or April. Position, light sunny Feb. " to Nov to times weekly March to Aug.; once weekly Aug. in other times. Temp., a month Syringe freely summer. March; once 60" to 70" March to Sept. 65" to 85"; Sept. to March Propagate by division of pseudo-bulbsat pottingtime. CULTURE:
E.
CULTIVATED:
SPECIES
Colombia;
Helen"e, orange,
EriOStemorii First introduced CULTURE:
"
brown rutido'fiulbon,
and
yellow,
2
summer,
ft.,
summer.
Greenhouse
Rutacese.
Ord.
shrubs.
evergreen
1822.
Compost, equal parts sandy loam " peat. Position, well-drained pots in light airy greenhouse. Repot, March, pressing soil down moderately Sept.to April,freely afterwards. firmly. Water Prune straggly growths in Feb. Temp., Sept. to April 45" to 50"; Ventilate 60". 50" to greenhouse freely in summer. April to Sept. in sandypeat under bell-glass inserted in. 2 long Propagate by cuttings alba in March. Correa buxifolium, pink, May or June, 3 to 4 ft.,Australia ; red, spring,2 ft., Australia. pulohellus,pink. May, 2 to 3 ft.,hybrid; salioifolius, Eritrichiur*r(Fairy Borage; Fairy Forget-me-not). Ord. BoragiFirst introduced Nat. Alps. in temp. 60" in March; CULTIVATED:
SPECIES
graftingon E.
"
naceae.
Hardy perennialalpineplant.
1869.
broken limestone, sandstone, fibry CULTURE : Compost, equal parts Position, sheltered crannies of exposed rockeries, loam, peat " sand. winter. moisture in excessive from be nrotected where foliage can weather. Propagate Plant, April. Protect by panes of glassin rainy in gentleheat in spring. by division of plants in April ; seeds sown SPECIES N.
CULTIVATED:
Temperate
E.
nanum,
sky blue
Regions.-
Erodium
yellow, summer,
and .
Ord. (Heron's bill)." -
Geramacese.
Tr
-i
Hardy
2
to
3
m., "
i
perennial
1640. First introduced Position, dry sunny borders or rockeries. CULTURE : Soil, sandy. Propagate by seeds or April. Transplant very seldom. Plant, March 55" in March or in soil April, temp. sown i in. deep in pots of sandy in roots of division in June or outdoors July; seedlings
herbs.
transplanting
and pink, E. ohamsedryoides (Syn. E. Beichardi),white CULTIVATED : maoradenium, violet, flesh and Islands; Sept., 2 to 3 in., Balearic 1 to 2 ft., Manesoavi, purplish red, summer, 6 in., Pyrenees; purple, summer, 6 Pyrenees. in., July, Pyrenees; petrajum, purple, SPECIES
April to
155
IN
GARDEN
OF
ENCYCLOPEDIA
(Sea Holly)."Ord.
Eryngium herbs. Orn. bracts. CULTUEE:
foliage.
TJmbelliferae. surrounded heads
Flower
Soil, light sandy.
Plant, Oct., Nov., March
d.
Hardy perennial by spiny coloured
Position, dryish
borders. 1-16 in. division of ;
sunny
seeds
April. Propagate by frame in April or May
or
sown
deep in boxes of sandy soil in cold plants in Oct. or April.
and 1 to 2 ft., OULTIVATED: E. alpinum, bine white, summer, amethystinum, purple, July and Aug:., 12 to 18 in., Europe ; Bourgatii, blue, 3 to 4 ft., Armenia; to Aug., 1 to 2 ft., Spain; June giganteum, blue, summer, mer, maritimum, bluish white, July to Oct., 1 to 2 ft.,Britain; oliyerianum, blue, sum10 to 15 ft., Konte 2 to 4 ft..Orient; pandanifolium, purplish,summer, Video; 1 to 2 ft., Europe. planum, blue, summer, Erynso (Eryngium amethystinum). See Eryngium. SPECIES
Europe
;
"
Erysimum (Alpine Wallflower; Hedge Mustard). Ord. Cruciferse. Hardy annuals, biennials," perennials. First introduced 1823. Ht. 1 to 12 in. beds or rockeries. CULTURE : Soil,ordinary.Position, dryish sunny where Plant, March or April. Propagate annual speciesby seeds sown in seeds in to are sown biennials, plants by required grow April; sunny place outdoors in June, transplantingseedlingsto flowering positions advised for biennials, also by as in Aug. ; perennials,by seeds sown under inserted in soil or cuttings sandy hand-light cold frame in Aug. ; division of plants in March or April. SPECIES ANNUAL E. perofskianum, reddish : spring to autumn, 1 ft., orange, "
Caucasus. N.
BIENNIAL America. PERENNIAL
SPECIES: SPECIES
Europe;- rupestre Asia
E. :
E.
(Syn. E.
arkansanum,
asperum
yellow and
white, July, 8 in.,
oohroleucum, sulphur-yellow, fragrant, April to July, pulohellum), sulphur-yellow, fragrant, spring, 1 ft.,
Minor.
Erythrsea Hardy Centaury)." Ord. Gentianaceae. (Blush-wort; perennial alpineplants. rockeries. Plant, : Position, sunny Soil, sandy loam. soil in in seeds 1-16 in. sown light by deep April. Propagate m or April ; division of plants in March April.
annual or CULTURE March or cold frame ANNUAL
SPECIES
Muhlenbergi, pink PERENNIAL
:
and
E.
oentaurium,
white,
summer,
Massoni,
SPECIES:
pink, 6 to
rose,
8
June to Sept., 6 to in., California.
summer,
4
to
6
15
in., Britain;
in., Azores.
ceous (Coral-tree).Ord. Leguminosse. Half-hardy herbashrubs. perennials" greenhouse deciduous Flowering " orn. 1690. foliage. First introduced CULTURE OP SHRUBBY SPECIES: Compost, equal parts loam, " sand. Position,pot in warm peat, well-decayedmanure greenhouse,
Erythrina.
"
at base of south wall S. of England. Pot or plant, March. Prune shoots away close to old wood in Oct. Water freely April to Sept.; of time. keep almost dry remainder Temp., Sept.to March 45" to 50"; March to Sept. 55" to 65". Store plants in pots on their sides in greenhouse duringwinter. Place in lightpart of structure March to June, then stand Protect in outdoor positionoutdoors. sunny plants with covering of ashes. CULTURE SPECIES above. : Compost, same as 9F HERBACEOUS Position, pot in warm March. down greenhouse. Cut Pot, sunny Water to floweringstems in autumn. April freely Sept.; keep nearly or
.
45" to 55"; March dry afterwards. Temp., Sept. to March to Sept. 60" to 70". in spring Propagate by cuttingsof young shoots removed with portion of old wood attached " inserted singly in well-drained 156
OF
ENCYCLOPEDIA
GARDENING.
E. SPECIES OTTLTIVATED: oitriodora (Oitron-soonted Gum), 15 to 20 ft., Anstralia; saitable for pot cnltare; globulus (Blue Oom), 15 to 20 ft., Australia, culture; resinifera,30 to pots or outdoors; Gunnii, 15 to 20 ft.,suitable for outdoor 60 ft.
Eucharidium.
"
Ord.
annuals.
Onagrariese. Hardy
First
troduced in-
1787. beds CULTURE : Soil, ordinary rich. Position, sunny well-drained to borders. in. where 1-16 seeds are sown plants Propagate by deep in in March or for or summer April early Aug. flowering, Sept. grow for mid-summer lings flowering. Thin seedflowering," June for autumn to 2 in. apart when 1 in. high. SfEOIES 8 in., CULTIVATED: E. Breweri, wMte, lilao, and purple, summer, 1 ft., California. California; oonoinnum, purple, summer, Eucharis (Amazon Lily). Ord. Amaryllidaceae. Stove bulbous 1851. flowering plants. Evergreen. First introduced CULTURE posed two parts fibrous loam, one : Compost, part peat, decom" sand. sheep manure Position, well-drained pots on a bed or stage heated beneath to temp. 85" in plant stove. Pot in June or July, placing six bulbs in a 10 in. pot. Press compost down firmly. Repotting not needful oftener than three or four years. Water once every mer. Syringe freelyin summoderately Oct. to April, freely afterwards. after flower stems Liquid manure apply twice a week appear. with rich compost. Top-dress established plants annually in March 55" to 65"; Deo. to to Sept. 70" to 80"; Sept. to Dec. Temp., March March 65" to 75". J in. deep in sandy soil in Propagate by seeds sown from offsets removed old bulbs " placed temp. 85" in Feb. or March; singly in 3 in. pots in June or July. 1 ft., Colombia; CULTIVATED: SPECIES E. Candida, white, autumn, grandiflora (Syn. E. amazonioa), white, March to Deo., 1 to 2 ft., Colombia, and its and varieties, Lowii, Moorei fra^rans; Mastersii, white, spring, 12 to 18 in., and Colombia; GteTensii, Sanderi, white yellow, spring, 12 to 18 in., Colombia; white and yellow, spring, 1 ft., hybrid. or
"
Eucomis
(Pine-appleFlower; King's Flower). Ord. LUiaceae. bulbous Half-hardy floweringplants. Evergreen. Nat. Cape of Good Hope. First introduced 1760. POT CULTURE: Compost, two parts sandy loam, one part well" sand. manure Position, well-drained decayed pots in light,warm "
bulb in a 5 in. pot. Pot, Oct. or March, placing one little to Water March to Sept. March, moderately May, freely very afterwards. 45" to 50* ; March to Sept. 55" to Temp., Sept. to March 65". Apply liquidmanure occasionallywhen flower spike shows. OUTDOOR CULTURE Soil, ordinary light rich. Position, sunny, : well-drained border. Plant, Sept., Oct. or March, placing bulbs 3 in. below surface " 6 in. apart. Protect in winter by covering of ashes, oocoanut-fibre refuse or manure. " Propagate by offsets removed transplanted in Sept. or Oct. SPECIES CULTIVATED: E. punctata, green and brown, Aug., 18 in. to 2 ft.; and purple, spring, 2 ft.; undulata, green. regia, green May, 2 ft. Ord. Rosacese. Eucryphia. Half-hardy evergreen flowering shrub.
greenhouse.
"
CULTURE:
against S. Propagate SPECIES
or
Soil, good ordinary. walls; or in cold
S.W.
Position,
shrubberies;
warm
greenhouse.
Plant
in
10 ft
Chili
autumn.
by layers in autumn. CULTIVATED
:E.
pinnatifolia, white, Aug.,
8 to
Eugrenia (FruitingMyrtle)." Ord. Myrtacese. Stove " flowering shrubs. Evergreen. First introduced .1768. black, rose; globular,fragrant, edible; autumn. 158
house green-
Fruit,
ENOrOLOPJSDtA CULTURE
OF
GAUDENING.
Compcstj two parts sandy loanij one leaf-mould or sand. March. Position, pots in stove or greenliouse.Water to Oct. moderately Syringe April to Aug. April, freely afterwards. 55" to 65". in Prune shoots March. for stove straggly Temp, species, 40" 75" 65" to to March for to March; species, Sept. greenhouse Sept.; to Oct. to 50" Oct. to March, 55" to 65" March Propagate by cuttings iu temp. 55" to of firm shoots inserted in sandy soil under bell-glass 75" in summer. See also the genus Myrtus. E. STOVE SPECIES: 15 to 20 ft., Moluccas! oaryophyllata, white, Bummer, malacceusiB Jambos 20 ft., Trop. Asia; (Malay (Rose Apple), white, summer, 15 to 20 ft.,Malaya. Apple), scarlet, summer, and E. GREENHOUSE SPECIES: elegant, 6 ft., myriophylla, leaves narrow :
Pot, Feb.
or
Brazil,
Eu
Ialia."
See
Miscanthus.
(Spindle-tree;Japanese Spindle-tree). Ord shrubs. " evergreen " half-hardy deciduous mostly oval-shaped,green, or variegated with
Euonymus stracesB. Hardy
Cela-
"
foliage. Leaves
Orn.
white
yellow.
"
speciesin
Position, deciduous Soil, ordinary;.
CULTURE:
beries; shrub-
speciesagainst south or west walls, edgings to beds, evergreen Plant deciduous window species boxes, hedges " front of shrubberies. March in or Nov. Oct., in Sept.,Oct. or April. Prune, Sept., ; evergreen seaside shrubs. Oct. or April. Good SPECIES EVERGREEN : CULTURE OF Compost, two parts POT well-drained sand. " leaf-mould Position, pots in cool loam, one part March. Oct. windows. or Pot, balconies, Sept., greenhouse,corridors, quently fretimes. other foliage in Syringe Water winter, freely moderately of shoots of previous in summer. cuttings year's Propagate by in sandy soil in cool greenhouse, window 3 in. long, inserted growth, or
in
frame,
Sept. or Oct.
2 ft., TTnited States; atropurpurens, E. amerioanus, SPECIES: DECIDTJOrS and Siberia; latifolius, 10 ft., N. America; europseus, 10 to 15 ft., Europe (Britain) Asia. 8 ft., Europer and i, ", r.^. and 4 to 6 ft., China B. japonious, leaves green, Japan; SPECIES: EVERGREEN with (leaves and white^, aureus its varieties albo-marginata (leaves margined and variegated with white), ovatns yellow), latifolius albo-variegatus(leaves broad (leavesgolden); radioans, 1 ft., Japan, and its silvery and golden-leaved .aureus .
,
.
.^
"forms.
and CULTURE
baceous her-
Compositae. Hardy
(Hemp Agrimony)." Ord. greenhouse shrubby plants.
Eupatorium
SPECIES : Soil, ordinary. Position, open or April. Plant, Oct., Nov., March SPECIES : Compost, GREENHOUSE SHRUBBY
HARDY
OP
borders, shrubberies. OF
CULTURE
with manure equal parts loam " dried cow pots in lightgreenhouse Sept.to June; cold March
to
April.
Sept.
to
Prune
March,
immediately
after
feely afterwards.
a
Position, Sept. Pot,
little sand.
frame
June
to
flowering. Water
Temp., Sept.
to
March
moderately 45"
frequentlyto 55" to 60". Apply liquidmanure June the out m open garden plantsin flower. Both speciesmay be planted " placed lifted be " then in June, have their shoots frequentlypinched, in pots for floweringin greenhouse. March ; greenhouse Propagate hardy species by division in Oct. or soil in temp. "5" in inserted shoots sandy of cuttings young by species or April. to 65" in March "..,.."." America 2 to 4 ft., N. ; E. SPECIES ageratoides, white, summer, : HARDY 2 to 4 ft.,Britain; purpureum oannabium (Hemp Agrimony), reddish purple, July, 3 to 6 ft., N. America. (Trumpet Weed), purplish, autumn, atrorubens), red, Jan, E. atrorubens (Syn. Hebechnium SPECIES : GREENHOUSE to 50" ; March
to
,
159
,
-
,
OF
ENCYCLOPEDIA
GARDENING.
ianthemum iantlunum), purple, Marcli, 12 to 18 m.^ Mexico; (Syn. Hebecliuium weinmanniaiium wiuter, 2 ft., Mexico ; riparium, white, spring, 2 to 3 ft.,Mexico; 2 to 3 ft., Mexico tSyn. E. odoratum), white, autumn, Euphorbia. (Spurge; Caper Spurge; Poinsettia). Ord. Euphorto
"
biaceae.
Stove
tardy floweringshrubs
and
or
herbs.
loam CULTURE OF STOVE SPECIES : Compost, equal parts fibrous of sand. Position, sunny dry part of stove, peat with liberal amount with shoots trained up roof, wall, or on June. trellis. Pot, March or Water moderately Sept. to Jan.; keep almost dry Jan. to May; freely afterwards. Temp., Jan. to May 50" to 55"; May to Sept.65*^to 75"; Sept. to Jan. 55" to 65". Prune E. fulgens in June, cutting shoots back to within 1 in. of base. CULTURE OP POINSETTIA : Flowers, insignificant. Bracts, sear, white. let, white; winter. Foliage, green or variegated with creamy " Compost, four parts fibrous loam, one part decayed cow manure, half a part silver sand. Position, pots or beds with shoots trained to back wall of stove. old plants in temp. 65" to Young Plants : Place 75" in May. Remove shoots when 2 to 3 iu. long, insert singly young in 2 in. pots filled with sandy loam " peat, and plunge to the rims in in propagator. When bottom heat of 85", under a bell-glass or rooted, place singlyin 4 in. pots, plunge again in bottom heat for a few days, then remove well rooted transfer to to shelf near as glass. As soon 6 or 8 in. pots, keep near glass for week or so, then gradually harden, to temp. 55". frame until Sept., when remove place in cold sunny from when Shade in cold frame. W^ater freely. Syringe mid-day sun twice daily. Ventilate freely on fine days. Transfer plantsinto temp. 60" to 65" end of Sept. Water twice moderately. Apply stimulants After of week. 40" to to a a 45", keep roots floweringremove temp, Plants their side under store " Old : Prune quitedry staging. pots on for second latent unless bud or to snoots, producing cuttings, required from of their end When shoots 1 form in. base, new long, April. eye old soil from turn roots, cut off the plants out of their pots, remove ends of latter," repot in pots just large enough to take roots straggling Place in temp. 65" to 75" from pruning time. " little compost. Repot small pots are filled with roots. Place in cold into larger size when move " syringe freely. Reframe or pitsduring July " Aug. Water sunny lants stimuto temp. 55" to 60", Sept.; 60" to 70", Oct. onwards. Apply twice a week Oct., until bracts are fully developed, then cease. treat as advised for young After flowering, plants. Beds : Compost, as Train the shoots above. freely Plant, July. thinly to wall. Water shoots to within while growing ; after floweringkeep quite dry. Prune latent bud of their base, end of Sept. Temp., April to Sept. 65" one to 75"; Sept. to April 55" to 60". Average height of a well-grown in. 18 of diameter 12 to of a well-grown head Average plant young "
bracts 10 to 15 in. OF HARDY CULTURE
borders, banks, sunny
SPECIES: Soil, ordinary. Position, dry rockeries. Plant, March or April.
serted shoots 3 in. long inspeciesby cuttings of young of in 70" in June pots sandy compost May, temp. by cuttings inserted in sandy soil in cold frame or July ; hardy species in dryishpositionsoutdoors seeds sown in April,division of in summer, in Oct. or April. plants Pbop
SIOYE
stove AGATE in well-drained
.SPECIES:
winter, 2 to autumn,
red,
3
summer,
3
to
6 4
E.
fulgens (Syn.
ft., Mexico;
E. jaoquiueefiora), and scarlet, autumn puloherrima (Syn, Poinsettia pulcherrima), scarlet, punicea, soarlet, April, 6 ft., Jamaica; splendens,
ft., Mexico; ft.,Madagascar.
160
ENCYCLOPEDIA
OP
GAEDBNINO.
SPECIES : E. Cyparissias (Cypress Spurge), yellow, June, 2 ft., Europe : 5 lathyris (Caper Spurge), yellow, June and July, 3 to 4 ft., biennial, Europe; Myrsinites, yellow, summer, trailing,S. Europe. Box Thorn Europea.n (Lycium europaeum). See Lycium. "
"
European European Eurya.
Cyclamen
(Cyclamen europseum). See Cyclamen. (Chamserops Immilis). See Chamaerops. Ord. Ternstromiacese. Orn. Half-hardy evergreen shrub. foliage. Nat. Japan. First introduced 1871. Leaves, ovate, green, "
Palm
"
"
white " yellow. creamy OULTUEE tion, Posi: Compost, two parts loam, one part peat " sand. Pot, March pots in cool greenhouses, dwelling-roomsor windows. or April. Water moderately in winter, freely other times. May be
againstsoutTi
grown
bjr"cuttingsof 65" in
to
SPECIES
wall
outdoors
in S. of inserted
shoots
young
England " in sandy
Ireland. gate Propasoil in temp. 60"
spring. OULTITATED:
India, China, white, 6 ft.
and
Eurycles
E.
Japan
;
japonioa variegata, leaves green variegata, leaves broad,
latif olia
and
white, 5 ft., and
green
creamy
(Brisbane Lily).
Ord. Amaryllidaceae. Stove bulbous 1759. CTJLTUEE : Compost, three parts sandy loam, one part leaf-mould " sand. Pot, Position, well-drained pots in light part of stove. of Feb. Water to Sept., keep nearly dry remainder freely March to time. 50" to 55"; March Temp, for stove species,Sept. to March " placedsinglyin small Sept. 65" to 75". Propagate by offsets removed in Feb. pots SPECIES CULTIVATED: E. Cunninghami, white, July, 1 ft.,Australia; oubensis, and Australia. white, Aug., 1 ft., Malaya Ord. Palmacese. Stove ornamental-leaved Euterpe^ plants. First introduced 1656. " sand. CTJLTUEE : Compost, equal parts loam, peat, leaf-mould Water Pot, Feb, to March. Position, pots in shady part of stove. 70" from to Shade March to 85"; sun. Sept. always. freely Temp., in in. 1 60" 65". seeds to to March sown Propagate deep Sept. by
plants.
"
First
introduced
"
above
compost,
SPECIES 20
in
temp.
ft., Brazil;
Evening' Evening Evening Evergreen Evergreen Evergreen Cupressus. Evergreen
85"
in spring. edulis, 10 to 20 ft., Trop.
America; oleraoea, 10 speoioaa, 10 to 20 ft. See Hesperantha. Flo^wer. QHnothera Primrose biennis). See (Enothera. See Cooperi. Star (CooperiaDrummondi). AlKanet (Anchusa sempervirens). See Anchusa. Candytuft (Iberissempervirens). See Iberis. E.
CULTIVATED:
Evergreen
Evergreen Evergreen Evergreen
to
"
"
"
"
"
See
(Cupressus sempervirens).
Cypress
"
(Crataeguspyracantha).
Fire-thorn
"
See
gus. Cratae-
(Acer heterophyllum). See Acer. (Quercus Ilex). See Quercus. Orpine (Sedum Anacampseros). See Sedum. Privet (Ligustrum vulgare semperflorens).See Maple
"
Oak
"
"
"
Ligustrum. Evergreen Everlasting
Rose (Eosa Flowers.
sempervirens).-See Eosa. See Helipterum, Helichrysum, Wait"
"
zia, " Xeranthemum.
Everlasting Everlasting
Pea
See Lathyrus. (Lathyruslatifolius). "
Sand-flower
(Ammobium
alatum).
See
"
Ammcbium. 161
G
GAEDMNINO.
OF
ENCYCLOPEDIA
Eve's-CUShion (Saxifrag^ahypuoides). See Saxifraga. Ewer's Stonecrop (Sedum Ewersi). See Sedum. acd Exacum. Ord. Gentianaceae. annuals Stove perennials. First introduced 1848. " sand. Position, pots CULTUEE : Compost, equal parts peat, loam pagate in light part of plant stove. Water freely. Temp., 65" to 75". Proin temp. 75" to 80" surface of fine compost on by seeds sown in April, transplantingseedlings when large enough to handle into small pots " thence into a larger size later on ; perennialspeciesalso by "
"
"
cuttings. PERENNIAL
E.
SPECIES:
affine, bluish
lilac, fragrant, June
Oct.,
to
6
in.,
2
ft.,
Socotra.
ANNUAL
SPECIES
Ceylon. Exeter
Elm Oak
Exeter
B.
""
zelanioum
macranthum,
Tiolet
purple, autumn,
var. (tJlmus montana fastigiata).See TJlmus. var. crispa). See Quercus. (Quercus Ord. Eosaceae. (Pearl Bush). Hardy deciduous "
"
Exochorda
"
1854. First introduced floweringshrubs. CULT0EE: Soil, ordinary. Plant, Oct. Position, shrubberies. seeds in sandy to Feb. Prune after flowering. sown Propagate by shoots serted insoil in cold frame in spring or autumn; of cuttings young in sandy soil under in summer bell-glass portions ; gfraitingon of its own roots in temp. 60" in spring. OULTIVATEIJ: SPECIES E. AJberti,white. May, 5 to 6 ft.,Turkestan; grandiflora (Syn. Spireea grandiflora), white. Hay, 6 ft., China. Fabiana Solanaceae. flowering (False Heath). Ord. Hardy shrub. 1838. First introduced Evergreen. CTJLtuEE Position, against south or west walls ; : Soil, ordinary. cool greenhouses N. of England. Plant, Oct. or April. Water plants in pots moderately in winter, freely in summer. or Eepot, March of firm shoots in inserted Propagate by sandy cuttings April. youn^f soil under in cold greenhouse, or in cold frame in March or bell-glass "
April. OULTIYATED:
SPECIES
P.
Fasopyum
imbrioata, white. May,
3
ft.. Chili.
Ord.
(Buckwheat). Polygonaceae. Hardy annual. seed for and pheasant yielding poultry feeding; also for in Good bee plant also. or as a manure. ploughing digg:ing green Sow in CTJLTUEE: Soil, light,sandy, or brashy; clay unsuitable. in. Sin. 6 to in shallow drills Harvest when apart. greatest May for
Grown
early
has matured, seeds do as when moist with dew. morning Seed when flowering begins. 25 to bushels. 30 yieldper acre,
of
amount
in
manure
Average
seed
Aversigeprice-per bushel,
501b. SPECIES Asia.
Fagrus orn.
"
P.
CULTIVATED:
(Beech). "
foliage trees.
striped,copper,
Ord.
5s. to
ripen
not
Plough
or
to
an
sow
Weight
of
all at
dig
once.
in
a
as
1
acre,
bushel
Cut
green bushel. of seeds,
6s.
esoulentenm, pink and
white, summer,
Cupuliferae.Hardy
Leaves, oblong, lightgreen,
3
ft..Central
deciduous " evergreen silver striped, golden
purple.
Soil, sandy or chalky," gravellyloam. Position, open also good seaside tree. Plant dryish shrubberies, lawns, copses; CULTTJEE
:
species" varieties Oct. to Feb. ; evergreen, Sept. or April. good hedge shrub. Plant species(F. sylvatica) 9 in. apart " Timber trimmed. sides used for closely keep making joiners'tools, " wheel felloes. Average value gun stocks, saddle trees, per cubic foot lOd. to Is. 7d. Propagate by seeds sown | in. deep in rows 15 in. apart
deciduous Common
162
ENCYCLOPEDIA
GARDENING.
OF
April,transplantingseedlingswhen two years old; on common by grafting in March species.
in March or kinds
gated varie-
del 20 to 30 ft., Terra SPECIES CULTITATED: Ounninghamii, evergreen, Faego; sylvatioa (Common Beeoh), 70 to 80 ft., deoiduons, Europe (Britain);and its varieties, ouprea (Copper Beecli), heteropliylla, incisa and queroifolia (Gut-leaved Beeohes), pendola (Weeping Beecli),purpurea (Purple Beeoli) and argenteo-variegatis (Silver-leaved Beeon). Fair Maids of February (Galauthus nivalis). See "
Galauthus.
of
Maids
Fair
See
granulata). "
Fair
(Ranunculus aconitifolius,Saxifraga
France
Ranunculus, of
Maids
Saxifraga. See (Ranunculus aconitifolius).
Kent
"
culus. Ranun-
Fairy Fairy Fairy Fairy
Borage (Eritrichium nanum). See Erithrichium. Fingers (Digitalis purpurea). See Digitalis. Moss Floating' (Azollacaroliniana). See AzoUa. chium. See EritriForget-me-not (Eritrichium nanum).
Fairy Fairy Fairy
Heron's-biil
False
False
"
"
"
"
See Rosa. minima). (Erysimum pumilum). See
(Erodium Reichardi). "
indica
Rose (Rosa Wallflower Acacia." See Grass Brome
Erodium.
See
"
"
Erysimum.
Robinia.
(Brachypodium distachyon). See Brachy"
podium. (Boltonia asteroides). See Boltonia. Cherry (Prunus pseudo-cerasus).See Prunus. Head False (Physostegia virginiana). Dragon's Physostegia. Goat's-beard False (Astilbejaponica). See Astilbe. False Grape (Vitisquinquefolia). See Vitis. False False
Chamomile
"
"
See
"
"
"
False False False False False False False False
Heath.
See Fabiana.
"
(Veratrum nigrum).^ See Veratrum. (Datisca cannabina). See Datisca. (Rhododendron pontica). See Honeysuckle
Hellebore
"
Hemp
"
"
dendron. Rhodo-
(Baptisiaauatralis).See Baptisia.
Indigo
"
Mallow.
"
Mitre-vwort Plantain." Starvwort
Malvastrum.
See
See (Tiarellacordifolia)." See
Tiarella.
Heliconia.
(Boltoniaasteroides). See Boltonia. See Viola. (Viola tricolor). Fancy Pansy Fan Palm (Chamserops humilis)."See Chamaerops. Fan Palm (Sabal blapkbumiana). See Sabal. False
"
"
"
Farfugium. Ord.
"
See
Senecio.
Araliaeeae.
GREENHOTJSE
Half-hardy CULTURE:
Paper-plant; Fig-leafPalm).^ foliagedshrubs. Compost, two partssandy loam, one
Rice
(Japanese Aralia;
Fatsia
orn.
" sand. part leaf-mould, decayed manure dwelling-room. or cool in greenhouse,
Position, well-drained pots Pot, Feb., March, or April.
moderately Sept. to April,freely afterwards. to 50" ; April to Sept. 55" to 65". 40" April
Water
OUTDOOR sheltered
Soil, ordinary, well-drained.
CULTURE:
shrubberies in
Temp., Sept
warm
districts.
Position,
Requires protectionin
Propagate by cuttings of roots Plant, May. weather. or "3" in March April; variegatedkinds soil in temp. lieht ^ 163
to
severe
inserted
m
by grafting g2
BNOYOLOPMDIA on
speciesin temp. spring.
common
rootiugin
GARDENING.
OF 75" in March
April;
or
tall
plants by
stem-
SPECIES
CULTIVATED horrida, leaves palmate and Bpiny, 4 to 6 ft.,Japan, : F. Aralia japonioa (Syn. Aralia or Sieboldii), the Japanese Fig-leaf Palm, leaves green, and palmate, 3 to 6 ft., Japan, a popular room greenhouse plant; papyrifera (Chinese Rice Paper-plant), syn. Aralia papyrifera, 6 to 8 ft., China. There silver and are golden variegated forms of F. japonica. Feather-few (Chrysanthemum Parthenium). See Chrysanthemum.
eto, ;
"
Feather-foil Feather
(Hottonia palustris).See Hottonia. (Stipa pennata " Eragrostis elegans). "
Grass
"
See
Stipa " Eragrostis. Fedia (Horn of Plenty).
Ord. Valerianaceae. Hardy annual. First introduced 1796. CULTURE: Soil, ordinary. Position, open beds, rockeries, or borders. in boxes or pots of light soil in temp. Propagate by seeds sown 55" in March, transplantinginto borders in May ; or outdoors in April where plants are to grow. F. SPECIES CULTIVATED: Cornuoopiie, red, lilao, rose, and carmine, July, 6 in., S. Europe, Feeai See Trichomanes Felt-wort (Verbascum Thapsus). See Verbascum. Female Oak (Quercus pedunculata). See Quercus. Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare). See Pceniculum. Fennel Flower (Nigelladamascena). See Nigella. "
"
.
"
"
"
"
Fennel-leaved Fen
Rue
See Paeony (Pasonia tenuifolia)." (Thalietrum flavum)." See Thalictrum.
Fenugreek Fenzlla.
(Trigonellafoenum "
Fern-leaved
See
Gilia. Beech
groseum). "
See
Paeonia.
Trigonella.
(Fagus sylvaticaasplenifolia). "
See
Fagus. Fern-leaved Fern-leaved Castanea.
Fern-leaved Fern-leaved See Betula. Fern Palm
Birch
laciniata')."See (Betula populifolia
Chestnut
(Castanea
Sumach
vesca
Betula
See asplenifolia)."
(Rhus glabra laciniataV" See Rhus. Birch (Betula populifolia pendula).
Weeping
(Cycas revoluta). "
See
Cycas.
Ferraria (Black Iris). Ord. Iridacese. Hardy " half-hardy bulbous Deciduous. First introduced 1755. plants. CULTURE OF GREENHOUSE SPECIES : Compost, two parts sandy eool loam, one Position, Place bulbs peat. greenhouse. Pot, Nov. with point just below surface " 1 to 2 in. apart. Water occasionally to June; keep quite dry July to Nov. Nov. to Feb.; moderately Feb. Temp., Nov. to Feb. 40" to 45"; Feb. to June, 50" to 60". CULTURE: OUTDOOR Soil, rich sandy. wellPosition, sunny border. drained Plant ij"March 2 to in. or 3 April deep. Lift bulbs " store in cool, dry,frost-proof place until planting time, or in Nov. in protectin ground by covering of ashes, decayed leaves, or manure winter. Jin. deep in well-drained pots of Propagate by seeds sown or sandy soil in temp. 50" to 60" in March April; by offsets at potting or planting time. OLUTITATED: F. undulata, brown SPECIES and purple, March Anril and *^ 6 to 8 in., S. Africa. Ferula (Giant Fennel)." Ord. Umbelliferse. Hardy herbaceous "
164
branches.
Pinch
liquidmanure
point in
once,
GARDENING.
OF
ENCYCLOPEDIA off
Aug.
vigorous to trees
young
in
shoots
bearing heavily.
July. Apply Figletssize of
Oct. branches in Deo. with straw Protect in or mats, removing April. CTJLTUEE OP PIG UNBEE GLASS border, time : Compost, position, of planting as trained above. Branches against wall. up roof or Mode of bearing : On shoots of previous year's growth for first crop ; those of current above. for Prune " pinch as second year crop. Disbud " syringe shoots when too many are forming. Water young freely in summer. Apply liquid manure occasionallyin summer. Temp, for forcing,50" to 65". POT CTJLTUEE FIG: OF Compost, turfy loam, little bonemeal. Position, ordinary greenhouse,vinery or forcing house. Pot, Nov. to freely when April. Size of pots, 10 or 12 in. Water growing, very little when twice weekly to trees bearing not. Apply liquid manure fruit. Syringe daily when in growth. Pinch points off young shoots when latter are 9 in. long. Protect pots with covering of straw Nov. the air. to Jan. " partially to branches expose in light soil in a temp, of 65" to Pbopaoate the fig by seeds sown 70" in Jan., afterwards growing seedlings in pots until they bear fruit on filberts
in
remove
Sept. or both
if they are worth growing ; cuttings of previousyear's at base, inand heel of older wood attached serted a long having in a warm in pots in gentleheat between border outdoors Oct. or with a and March; shoots, 3 or 4 in. long, removed cuttings of young heel of older wood, and inserted in pots of light sandy soil in a gating propaframe ; grafting (temp. 70")in June ; layering shoots in summer into leaf; budding in July; suckers by approach just after tree comes in autumn. removed SPECIES: elastioa TENDER F. India; (India-rubber Plant), leaTes green, elastica and white, Polynesia; variegata, leaves variegated; Faroelli, leaves green shoots pumila (Syn. E. repens), leaves green, creeping (a good plant for covering smaller a walls), Japan; pumila minima, variety; radicaus variegata, leaves silver. variegated with HARDY SPECIES: F. Carioa in (Fig), Mediterranean Region; introduced and
it
be
can
seen
6 in.
shoots
1S48.
See Ficus. Fig. Fig Marigold "
crystallinum). See
(Mesembryanthemum
Mesem-
"
bryanthemum.
Fig
Tree
Filbert
Ferns.
plants.
Orn.
bright green,
"
Pinus.
(Cratseguspyracantha). "
See
ffirevoortia Ida^-Maia
and
Crataegus. Cuphea platycentra)."
Cuphea. Tllistle
"
" Trichomanes.
(Asplenium ceterach). See Asplenium. (Digitalis purpurea)." See Digitalis.
Abies, Picea,
Fire Busll Fire Cracker See Brevoortia "
Fish-bone Fittonia.
Hymenophyllum, Todea, "
Flower See
See
"
Fern
Finger Finger "
"
"
Filmy
Fir.
(Ficuscarica). See Ficus. (CorylusAvellana). See Corylus.
Ord.
See Cnicus. (Cnicus Casabonas)." Stove evergreen perennialtrailing
Acanthacese.
foliage. First introduced with
red
or
white
1869.
Leaves,
dark
green
or
veins.
pure CTJLTUEE: Compost, equal parts peat, loam " sand. Position, shallow pans, pots, or surface of beds in shady part of plant stove, also in Wardian Water cases. afterwards. moderately Nov. to Feb.,
freely
Temp.,
Oct.
to March
55" to
60";
March 166
to Oct.
65"
to 75".
Propagate
ENOYCLOPJSDIA
OF
GARDENING.
by cuttings of firm shoots inserted in sandy soil in Feb., March, or April; division under bell-glass
in temp. 75" to 85" of plantsin Feb. or
March. CULTIVATED SPBOIES Peru; gigantea, leaves leaves
veined
green,
with
Five-leaved
F.
leaves
argyroneura, witli red, 8 in., Pern. :
green,
veined
Indian
Cress
reined with
green, to 15
red, 12
in., Peru;
white, 6 in., Tersohaffeltii,
(Tropeeolumpentaphyllum). "
See
Tropseolum.
Flagf (Irisgermauica). See Iris. Flower Flame (Tropaeolumspeciosum). See Tropseolum. Plant Flamingo (Anthurium Scherzerianum). See Anthurium. Flo^wer Flannel (ActinotisHelianthi). See Actinotis. Flannel Plant (Verbascum Thapsus). See Verbascum. Flat See Platylobium. Pea. "
"
"
"
"
"
Flax. Flax
Liuum.
See
"
Lily
(Phormium tenax). See Phormium. and See Inula Frigeron. Speedwell (Veronica iucamata). "
Fleabane.
"
Flesh-coloured Veronica.
See
"
(Irispseudo-acorus). See Iris. (Olea europaea). See Olea. Iris (Irisflorentina).See Iris. Rock-rose (Cistusflorentinus).See Cistus. Water Lily (Nymphsea flava). See Nymphaea. Floss-flower (Ageratum mexicanum). See Ageratum. FIOwer-de-Luce (Irispsendo-acorus). See Iris.
Fleur-de-Lis Florence Florentine Florentine Florida
"
Oil-plant
"
"
"
"
"
"
Flower
Flowering Flowering^ Flowering; Flowering Floweriner Flowering
Fern.
"
See
Anemia.
(Fraxinus Ornus). See Fraxinus. (Bibes sanguinea). See Bibes. Doswood (Cornus florida). See Cornus. Fern (Osmunda regalis).See Osmunda. Grass (Lapeyrousia crueuta). See Lapeyrousia. Nutmeg-tree (Leyoesteriaformosa).-"See Ley-
Ash
"
Currant
"
"
"
"
ceteria. See Butomus. (Butomus umbellatus). (Tradescantiavirginica).See Tradescantia. Flower-of-an-hour (Hibiscus Trionum). See Hibiscus. See Oncidium. FIOwer-of-the-Dead (Oncidium tigrinum). Gods Flower of the (Disa grandiflora).See Disa. (Lonicera xylostemma). See Lonicera. Fly Honeysuckle Orchis Fly (Ophrys mucifera)."See Ophrys. Fly-trap (Dionseamuscipula). See Dionaea. Flower Foam (Tiarellacordifolia).See Tiarella. Ord. Umbelliferse. FoenlCUlum Hardy perennial (Fennel).
Rush Flowering Flower-Of-a-day
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
" garnishing. herb. Leaves used for sauces Plant, March Position, sunny border. CULTITEE : Soil, ordinary. flower stems as asunder. Remove 15 in. in in. rows 12 or apart April, seeds wanted. sown is seed Jin. unless by Propagate soon as seen, deep in drills 6 in. apart in March; division of roots in March. 2 ft., Europe P. vulgare (Fennel), yellow, autumn, CULTIVATED: SPECIES
(Britain). Forbidden
Fruit (Citrusdecumana). See Citrus. See Myosotis. Forget-me-not." (Asplenium septentrionale). Forked Spleenwort Asplenium. "
"
167
See
BNCYCLOP^DIA
OF
GARDENING.
Hardy Bell-tree). Ord. Oleaceae. (Japanese Golden 1845. introduced s hrubs. Deciduous. First flowering OUTDOOR CULTURE Position, against south or : Soil, ordinary. of in sheltered west Plant, Oct. to Feb. walls, or shrubbery. parts Forsythia.
Prune
after
"
flowering.
" sand. CULTURE : Compost, two parts loam, one leaf-mould in well-drained cool Dec. to May, or warm Position, greenhouse pots outdoors of year. remainder Water Pot, Oct. to Dec. very little till inserted in sandy March, then apply freely. Propagate by cuttingfs soil under in cold or frame, Oct. or Nov.; hand-light; or bell-glass or layering in Oct. or Nov. ; grafting on the privetin March April. F. intermedia, yellow, Feb. SPECIES CULTIVATED: and March, 8 ft., fiybrid; yellow, Maroh, 8 ft., China; Tiridissima, yellow, March, 10 ft., China Guapensa, and Japan. Bamboo Fortune's (Arundinaria Fortunei)."See Arundi-
POT
naria. Plantain
Fortune's
Fothersiila
Lily (Funkia Fortunei). Ord. Elder). (American Witch
Hardy floweringshrubs. CULTURE
:
"
"
Compost,
Deciduous. well-drained
First
introduced
See
Funkia.
Hamamelideae. 1765.
ders. soil, sandy peat. Position, bor-
after Prune flowering. Propagate by Plant, Oct. to March. 1-16 in. deep in pans of moist seeds sown sandy peat in temp, of 45" to 55" in March or April; layeringshoots in Oct. or Nov. SPECIES CULTIVATED: F. Gardeni white, fragrant. May, (Syn. F. alnifolia), 3 to 6 ft.. United
States.
Fountain Fountain Fox Chop themum.
Plant Tree
(Amaranthus
salicifolius). See Amaranthus. "
Cedrus. (Cedrus deodora). (Mesembryanthemum vulpinum). See "
See
"
Foxglove
Mesembryan-
(Digitalis purpurea). See Digitalis. (Ros.aspinosissima).See Rosa. Fragaria Hardy " half-hardy (Strawberry). Ord. Eosaceas. perennialfruit-bearing" oru. trailingplants. Virginian Strawberry Fox
"
Rose
"
"
first introduced 1629. CULTURE OP SPECIES ORNAMENTAL (P. indica): Compost, two " sand. Position, pots in hanging parts loam, one part leaf-mould well-drained baskets in cool greenhouse or window, or on sunny rookery. Pot or plant,March. Water oocamoderately. Apply liquidmanure
sionallyin summer. CULTURE OF. STRAWBERRY: Soil, deep rich sandy loam; clay unsuitable. 2 ft. deep ; Position, open plots or borders, trenched Plant, Aug., Sept.,or alpinekind under shade of trees or on banks. 18 in. apart in rows March 2\ii. asunder; alpines6 in. apart. Mulch in March, " a thin in May. layer of straw annually with manure 1 oz. sulphate of potash,2 oz. superhosphate Suitable artificial manure, " 1 oz. of nitrate in autumn, of soda per square appli,ed yard, applied fruit has set. Remove when when No digging runners they appear. Renew beds between three rows four or necessary. every years. CULTURE: POT calcareous loam, one-third Compost, two-thirds little bone dust. Position, on bed of cinder ashes decayed manure, outdoors Oct. to Jan.; greenhouses or vineries Aug. to Oct.; frames Pot after Jan. Water singly in 6 in. pots in Aug. moderately till Fertilize blossoms Oct., very little till Jan., freelyafterwards. by of camel-hair brush. Thin fruit when means set to a few each on after fruit has set until it beginsto plant. Feed with liquidmanure
168
ENOYOLOPMmA
OARDmtNO.
Of
ripen.
Plant out in garden after fruiting. Temp, for forcing:Jan. 45" to 55" ; March to ripeningperiod,65" to 75". Propagate seeds 1-16 in. deep in light soil outdoors, or in boxes in greensown by house in March or on April; by runners plants that fruit freely. Pegged on surface of soil in 3 in. pots in June or July, or by removing rooted runners in Aug. Runners rooted into pots best for pot culture. Mabket Cultuee loam : Soil, overlyingchalk or gravel. Position,
to March
not too dry or moist. open, in rows 2 ft. 6 in. asunder.
Number
Average
jES ;
cost
per
acre
:
Plant,
Plants,
Aug to Nov., plants per
of
preparing land,
18 in. acre,
^"7 ; manure,
apart 11,000. "b
;
planting,10s.; trimming, 15s.; gathering fruit,"Q; annual manuring, "5; yield,2 tons; gross returns, "42 ; net returns, ^625. Manures: Farmyard dung, 20 tons; bonemeal, 3cwt.; and kainit, IJcwt. per acre, appliedin winter ; soot, 40 bushels per acre appliedin spring. F. ohiloensis 8PE0IBS CULTIVATED: (Chili Strawberry), white, May, 1 "t., elatior crimson. Chili, ornamental; (Hautbois Strawberry), white, BUmmer, in., fruit red, aroma musky, edible, Europe (Britain); ohiloensis grandiflora (Pine Strawberry), white. May, 1 ft., fruit, pineapple flavoured, edible. Chili ; Uollina pineapple (Green Pine Strawberry), white. May, 6 in., fruit green, indica flavoured, ediblo, Europe; (Indian Strawberry), yellow, June, trailing, ornamental India, an species suited for rockeries hanging baskets; virginiana or (Scarlet Strawberry), white. May, fruit scarlet, edible, tJnited States, parent of
fruit 6
the
many
forms
Fragile Fragrant
of
Be
garden strawberries. IIflovwer (Campanula
Garland
fragilis).See Campanula. (Hedyohium coronarium)."See
Flower
"
Hedyohium. Francoa
(Maiden's Wreath; Wedding-flower)."Ord. Saxifra" 1830. half-hardyperennialplants. First introduced gaceae. OUTDOOR tered loam. CULTUEE Position, sunny shel: Soil, lightrich or borders, banks, or rockeries. Plant, March April. " POT CULTUEE : Compost, two parts loam, one part leaf-mould Hardy
sand. Position, well-drained pots in cool greenhouse, frame, or window. Water Pot, March or April. moderately Oct. to April,freely afterwards. to plants in Apply little liquid or artificial manure 55*'to 65". flower. 40" to to to Oct. 50"; April April Sept. Temp., the surface of a well-drained on Propagate by seeds sown pan of sandy in temp, of 50" to 55" in February, March, or bell-glass peat under April; division of plants at potting time. SPECIES CULTIVATED: F. ajpendioufata, red, July, 1 to 2 ft..Chili; rampsa, 2 ft.. Chili. white, July and August, 2 ft., Chill; sonohifolia,pink, summer, Frankenla (Sea Heath). Ord. Frankeniaceae. Hardy flowering "
plants. Evergreen.
Habit,
creeping.
CULTURE Position, sunny : Soil, light sandy. dry rockeries or October borders. or Plant, April. Propagate by division of plants in in April. Oct. or April; seeds in cold frame SPECIES CULTIVATED Aug., Europe (Britain). : F. Isevis, rose, July and Frangipanni-piant (Plumieraacutifolia). See Plumiera. See Mohria. Frankincense (Mohria eaffrorum). Balsam Fraser's (Abies Fraseri). See Abies. Fraxinella (Dictamnus albus). See Dictamnus. Ord. Oleaceae. Fraxinus Ash). (Ash; Flowering Ash; Manna Orn. trees. foliage" flowering. Flowers, white, Hardy deciduous to May. green, yellow; March Position, dryish, sheltered. CULTUEE Suitable : Soil, ordinary. seaside for Plant, Oct. gardens, towns, chalky or gravellysituations. Timber used for tool handles, wooden to Feb. Prune, Oct. to March. and utensils, rakes, ploughs, hoops, dairy agriculturalimplements; "
"
"
"
"
169
enoyclofjEdia
of
gardening.
for furniture by cabinet makers making. Average value of timber reaches Timber to 300 cubic ft. 6d. Is. 2s. life, Average years. per it. will 1,350 which it thrive, altitude at at 70 maturity Highest years. 48. feet to cubic of No. of 481b. a ton, of cubic foot a timber, Weight 1 in. deep Propagate by seeds, buried in dry sand for a year, then sown in light soil outdoors in Feb., transplanting seedlings when old; a year speciesin March. graftingon common SPECIES CULTIVATED: F. amerioana (White Ash), 30 to 40 ft., Canada; excelsior (Common Asli),iU to 80 ft., Europe (Britain),and its varieties, crispa (Curl-leaved Ash), aurea (Flowering (Golden Ash), pendula (Weeping Ash) ; Ornus Uanna Ash), 20 to 30 ft., S. Europe. or duous. Freesia. Ord. Iridacese. Greenhouse bulbous plants. Decialso
"
Nat. Cape of Good Hope. Flowers, fragrant. INDOOR loam, CULTURE : Compost, equal parts decayed manure, leaf-mould frame, " sand. or in cool Position, pots greenhouse, Nov. for March, flower Oct. for window. in Feb., Pot, Aug. to. Jan., sized Dec. for April. Plant bulbs lin. deep " 2 in. apart. Suitable little " diameter. in cool Stand position give very pot, 4iin. pots Water water until growth commences. growth well freely when " until plants have flowered, then gradually decrease advanced supply, 40". lower than soil till not Apply Temp, July. quite dry keeping to plants showing flower. weak Repot, liquid or artificial manure
annually. CULTURE Position, sunny wellOUTDOOR : Soil,lightrich sandy. Plant bulbs 2 in. deep " 2 in. drained borders S. of England only. Propagate by seeds sown apart in Aug. or Sept. Protect in winter. cool greenhouse or frame in soil in of or lightsandy deep J in., pots pans offsets Do at potting time. in March or or as soon as April; by ripe, not
transplantseedlingsfirst
year.
and CULTIVATED: F. refracta, white SPECIES orange. and and its varieties, Leiohtliuli orange), (yellow, oream, (yellow and very fragrant). Sutton's Pink is a variety with
to Aug., 1 ft.; (white), odorata
May alba
pink blossoms. Ord. Sterculiaceae. duous Hardy deci(Slippery Elm). 1851. shrub. First introduced flowering CULTURE Position, against west or north walls : Soil, sandy loam. S. of England. Plant, Oct. to March. or fences, or in shrubberies seeds Prune after sown Jin. deep in wellflowering. Propagate by in March under of drained soil frame or or sandy bell-glass April. pots SPECIES CULTIVATED oalifornioa, yellow, June, 6 to 10 ft., California. : F. French Bean (Phaseolusvulgaris). See Phaseolus. French Fern (Asplenium adiantum-nigrum). See Asplenium. See French Honeysuckle (Hedysarum corouarium). Fremontia.
"
"
"
"
Hedysarum. French French French
French French French
Lavender
See
Lavandula.
Marigold (Tagetes patula). Tagetes. May (Spiraeaarguta). See Spiraea. Mulberry (Callioarpapurpurea). See CalUcarpa. "
See
"
"
Rbse Willow
Fresh-water
Fringed
StaechasX" (Lavandula
(Rosa gallica).See Rosa. (EpUobium angustifolium). See Epilobium. Soldier (Stratiotesaloides). See Stratiotes. "
"
"
Buck-bean
(Limnanthemum
peltatum). "
See
Lim-
uanthemum.
Fringed Fringed Fringe
Pink Water Flovwer
(Dianthus superbus). See Dianthus. Lily (Limnanthemum peltatum). See "
"
(Schizanthuspinnatus). "
170
See
themum. Limnan-
Schizanthus.
ENOYOLOPJSDIA
Fring^e
Tree
OF
GASDENING.
(Chionanthus virginica)." See
Chionanthua.
F'""tillaria "
bnake
Crown (Fritillary, Daffodil; Imperial; Chequered PritiUary;Persian Lily)."Ord. Liliaoess. Hardy bulbous
s-head
plants. Deciduous. OUTDOOE
CULTURE : Soil, ordinary, deep rich. Crown Imperial; Snake's-head
Position, shady Fritillary,borders, or in turf; well-drained borders for other species. open Plant, 4 to 6 in. deep " 6 to Sin. apart, Sept. to Nov. Top-dress annually with decayed manure. Do not transplantbulbs oftener than borders for naturalised
once
four
in
POT
years.
CULTUEE:
Compost, equal parts loam, peat, leaf -mould, Position, well-drainedpots in cold frame or cold greenhouse. Pot, Sept. or Oct., placing one bulb in centre of 5, 6, or 8 in. pot. Water little till then rate growth begins, very give modewhen supply. Apply liquid manure After plants show flower. floweringgradually withhold water, keeping soil quitedry after foliage has died. Propagate by seeds sown i in. deep in pots or pans of sandy soil in cold frame or as greenhouse as soon ripe,or in spring; by offsets at planting time. Do not transplant seedlingsfirst year. lings Seed-
decayed
"
sand.
flower
until
manure
do
old. yellow, April, 6 in., Asia Minor; anrea, and brown, 6 in.. May, Asia Minor; oitrina, green yellow, 8 in.. May, Asia Minor 8 in. ;" Elwesii, green and ooccinea, red, May, brown, ; May, 1 f t. ; Imperialis (Crown Imperial), yellow. May, 3 to 3 ft.. Orient, and its varieties aurora (orange), lutea (yellow),rubra (red), and aureo-marginata (leayes edged yellow) ; latifolia,red, etc., May, 1 ft., Caucasus libanotica, lilao and ; yellow, May, 18 in., Syria; Meleagris (Snake's Head), purple, yellow and white. May, 12 to 18 in.,Europe (Britain); Meleagris alba, white ; pallidiflora, and yellow, rose pnrple. May, 9 in., Siberia; persioa, violet blue, 'May, 2 ft., Asia Minor; pndioa, Amerioa; golden yellow, April, 6 in., N.W. orange-scarlet. May, 2 ft,, recurva, California; ruthenioa, black. May, 1 ft., Caucasus. not
SPECIES yellow and
CULTIVATED:
four
F.
to six years
armena,
Fritillary (Fritillaria meleagris). See Fritillaria. Frog-bit (HydrocharisMorsus-ranae). See Hydrocharis. Orchis Frog (Habenaria viridis).See Habenaria. Ord. Fuchsia Onagrarese. (Ear Drops; Lady's Ear Drops). "
"
"
"
Greenhouse 1788.
"
CULTUEE fibrous
loam,
hardy floweringshrubs. OP one
GEEENHOUSE
Deciduous.
SPECIES
part well-decayedmanure
:
First
Compost,
"
two
introduced
partsgood
leaf-mould, with
liberal
Position, shady part of greenhouse quantity of silver or river sand. to July ; sunny window March July to Oct. ; cool place outdoors or Pot old plants in of remainder of room or year. dry part greenhouse old needed. Prune when plants in Feb. Feb. or March, ones young to Oct., to March Water freely May very little at May, moderately to Oct. 55" to 65". 40" Feb. to Feb. to Oct. 45"; other times. Temp., to healthy plants showing flower. artificial manure or
Apply liquid in spring " early Pinch out points of shoots frequently When induce repotting old plants,remove bushy growth. till small growth begins, then shift roots " place in pots Feb. to May. size. Syringe foliage gUMMEE
CULTUEE
IN
BEDS : Plant in Sept.
out
in
June.
summer
to
soil from into
larger
Lift, pot "
plants in greenhouse tion, SPECIES: Soil, ordinary, deep rich.. PosiHAEDT OF CULTUEE sheltered in of west south or base or walls, well drained borders, Oct. or April. Prune positionin the open S. of England. Plant, store
171.
ENCYCLOPEDIA
OF
GARDENING.
shoots off close to base in Nov. Protect in winter with layer of manure leaves. 1-16 in. deep in well-drained Propagate by seeds sown pots of light sandy soil in temp. 55" in March or April; cuttings of young shoots inserted singly in small pots of sandy soil in temp. 70" to 80" in in April,May, or Jan., Feb., or March, or in cool greenhouse or window June. GREBNHOirSE SPECIES : P. fulgens, scarlet, July, S to 4 ft., Mexico ; proonmbens, yellow and blue, summer, magenta-arimson berries, habit trailing. New Zealand; 6 ft., Mexico; splendens, scarlet, summer, triphyllb, cinnabar red, 2 to 3 ft.,Mexico. Numerous summer, Tarieties in trade lists, HARDT 8PE0IES: F. corymbiflora, scarlet, summer, 4 to 6 ft., Peru; maorostemma, soarlet and purple, July, 3 ft., Chili, and its varieties, oomioa (scarlet), oorallina (crimson and plum), globosa (purplishred), gracilis (scarlet and purple), or
and
Riccartonii
Fulham Fulham
(soarlet). Oak (Quercus Cerris fulhamensisV
See Quercus. baocata Taxus. See Yevtf^Taxus erecta). Fumarla (Fumitory). Ord. Fumariaceae. Hardy annual climber. CULTURE : Soil, ordinary. Position, against S.E. or W. walls, in borders with shoots " open running up sticks, or against arbours trellis-work. seeds in. 1-16 in where sown Propagate by deep, April, " flower. plants are to grow SPECIES CULTIVATED: F. capreolata, white and 3 to 4 ft., purple, summer, Europe (Britain). "
"
"
Fume-wort
(Corydalis aurea).
See Corydalis. Corydalis. Funereal Cypress (Cnpressusfunebris). See Cupressus. Funkia (Plantain Lily; Japanese Day Lily; Corfu Lily). Ord. Liliaceae. Hardy orn. ciduous. flowering plants. Defoliagedand herbaceous "
Fumitory."
See
"
"
First
deep
green
or
CULTUEE:
introduced
1790.
Flowers, fragrant. Leaves, large,
variegatedwith white Soil, ordinary, well
Position, open sunny well-drained Top-dress annually with decayed
"
yellow.
enriched borders.
with
decayed
Plant,
Oct.
manure.
or
March.
manure.
POT
CULTUEE: Compost, two parts loam, one part well-decayed " river sand. manure Position, pots in cold frame Oct. to March, March to Oct. greenhouse or window Pot, March Water or April. to Oct. moderately Oct. to March, freelyMarch Apply liquid manure to healthy plants in flower. in Oct., Propagate by division of crowns
March,
or
SPECIES
Ariril. CULTIVATED:
F. Fortunei, lilac,July, IS in.,.Tapan; lancifolia,lilac, Aug., 9 in., Japan, and its Tarietiee alba (white),albo-marginata (leaves edged silvery white), undulata (leaves waved), and varicgata (leaves blotched with" white): ovata bluish lilac, May (Syn. P. cffirulca), to ,Tuly, 1 ft., Japan, and its varieties aurea (golden leaved), and marginata (leaves edged creamy white) ; sieboldiana (Syn. F. cordata), white and lilac,summer, 1 ft. ; snboordata F (Corfu Lily) Syn ji' i grandiSora, white, Aug., 1 ft., Japan. Furcrsea (Giant Mexican Lily)."Ord. Amaryllidacese. Greenhouse succulent plants. Oru. foliage. First introduced 1690. Leaves, with long, fleshy, " armed spines. CULTUEE : Compost, two parts loam, one part old mortar " river sand. Po.sition,pots or tubs in greenhouses; may be stood outside June to Stept. Water moderately April to Aug., little afterwards. Pot six five or every years ; good drainage essential. Temp., winter 50" to 55" ; summer 55" to 65"Propagate by offsets inserted in small pots at "
-ajxy
"
tjme.
CULTIVATED: F. Bedinghsusii, green, ""ife^IBB ^^ *" ^^ """ Mexico; A " ?,'"'""" "f"T'w^""" "'^SJ to lo Mexico. not., aa-ay-jio
d
it.,
172
Slav
to
S^.
Wrightii,
6
green
ft
Meiico-
aid whitel
ENCYCLOPEDIA CULTURE:
Compost,
OARDMNINO.
OF two
parts sandy peat,
part light
one
loam.
Position, well-drained potsin cold frame or greenhouse. Pot, Aug. to in a 5-in., or Nov., placing bulbs with apex just below surface, one
pot. Cover pots with ashes till growth begins. Water after growth commences, freely afterwards, cease in in. seeds sown deep J annually. Propagate by flowering. Eepot in cool well-drained shallow or boxes of or greenhouse sandy peat pans frame Aug. or Sept.; by offsets treated as bulbs Aug. to Nov. three
in
a
6-in.
moderately
SPECIES
autumn,
when
CrLTlTATED: 6 in.
Gale (Myrica Galeandra orchids.
Deciduous.
graminea,
G.
yellow, Jnly,
Gale). See Myrica. (Casque-wort). Ord.
6
in.; ovata,
yellow,
"
"
First
introduced
Orchidaceae.
Stove
terrestrial
l"iO.
CULTURE: Position, wellCompost, fibrous peat " charcoal. drained Pot, Feb. to pots, pans, or baskets in light part of stove. March. Water to Sept.,moderately afterwards. Syringe freelyMarch to Sept. Resting to Aug. plantsdaily March Growing period,March to June, 65" to 75"; June to period,Sept. to March. Temp., March 55" to 65". Aug. 70" to 80"; Aug. to Nov. 60" to 70"; Nov. to March Propagate by division of plants at potting time. to Aug., SFEOIES OULTIYATED: G. Baueri, Erown, purple and white, June and 1 ft., Guiana; devoniana, purple, green, white, June, 18 in., Trop. America: nivalis, white and violet,Maroh, 18 in., Trop. America. Ord. Galega Leguminosse. Hardy perennial (Goat'sRue). herbs. First introduced Flowers useful for cutting. 1568. CULTURE : Soil, ordinary. Position, open borders or shrubberies. Cut down flower stems in Oct. Plant, Oct. to March. Replant every two three years. or J in. deep in April in Propagate by seeds sown ordinary soil in sunny position; division of roots in Oct. to March. CULTIVATED SPECIES 3 to 5 ft., S. Europe, and ofloinalis,blue, summer, : G. it varieties, albiflora (white), carnea plena (rose double) and Hartlandii (blue); orien talis, blue,summer, 2 to 3 ft., Caucasus. Galinsale (Cyperus longus). See Cyperus. Gallig'askins (Primula veris)."See Primula. Galtonia (SpireLily). Ord. Liliacese. Hardy bulbous flowering plants. Deciduous^ Nat. S. Africa. OUTDOOR CULTURE drained. : Soil, ordinary rich, well Position, borders. Oct. to bulbs in. deep Plant, 6 March, open sunny placing " 6 in. apart. Lift " when the bulbs show replant only signs of deterioration. POT CULTURE : Compost, two parts loam, one part decayed manure " silver sand. Position, cold or warm greenhouse. Pot, Oct. to Dec. to flower in spring; Feb. to April to flower in autumn. Place bulb one with apex just showing through surface of soil in a well-drained 6-in. Cover with ashes in cold frame until growth begins. Water pot. leaves in full growth; moderately when freely when appear; keep nearly dry after flowering. Apply weak liquid manure occasionally Bulbs to plants in flower. not adapted for floweringsecond time in boxes of sandy pots. Propagate by seeds sown ^ in. deep in shallow soil in cold frame Oct. or March bulbs in autumn. ; offsets treated as flower when four five old. or Seedlings years SPECIES CULTIVATED : G. candioans, white, fragrant, 2 to 3 ft. summer, Garcinia Ord. Guttiferse. ; Gamboge-tree). (Man^osteen-tree Stove fruit-bearingtree. Orn. foliage. First introduced evergreen 1789. Fruit, fcize of an orange; chestnut-brown colour; edible. "
"
"
"
CULTURE
:
Compost,
two
parts peat, 174
one
part loam
"
sand.
Posi-
ENCYCLOPEDIA tion, pots
boxes
in
OF
GARDENING.
lightpart
of plant stove. 65"^to 85"; Oct. Water moderately Sept. to April, freely other cuttings of firm shoots 2 to 3iu. long inserted in temp. 75" to 85" in spring or summer. bell-glass
March.
or
Temp.,
SPECIES
March
CULTIVATED
Gardener's
to
:
G.
Garters
Oct.
Mangoatuna, red, June,
(Phalaris
Pot
" prune, Feb. to March 55" to 65". times. Propagate by in silver sand under to
6 to 10
aruudiuacea
ft.,Molucca
Islands.
variegata). See "
Phalaris.
Gardenia
Stove (Cape Jasmine). Ord. Rubiaceae. evergreen First introduced floweringshrubs. 1754. CULTURE: Compost, one part loam, one part peat, one part well" charcoal. manure decayed Position, well-drained pots, or beds in stove. Pot March. into Feb. or Prune plant or plant, shape, Feb. or March. March to 65" March 55" to 65" to to Temp., 85"; Sept. Sept. Water Oct. to afterwards. Feb., freely moderately Syringe daily to Sept. sionally occa(exceptwhen in bloom) March Apply liquid manure to healthy plants in flower. Plants to two one years old produce the best blooms. Propagate by cuttings of firm young side shoots "
2 to Sin.
long, inserted in well-drained pots of sandy peat, under bell75" in to to Jan. 85", temp. glass April. G. SPECIES CULTIVATED: florida (Cape Jasmine), white, fragrant, summer, and florida China florida white; Japan; flore-pleno, double radioans, white, fragrant. Garland Garlic.
Flower (Daphne cneorum). See Daphne. See Allium. Ord. Comaceae. Orn. foliage Garrya. Hardy evergreen shrubs. 1813. Flowers " flowering. First introduced male (pendulouscatkins), " female borne Berries, black. on separate trees. CULTURE Position, against south or : Soil, ordinary,well drained. shrubberies S. of England. Plant, Oct. west walls outdoors; sheltered Male March to Nov. to May. or plant only cultivated; female plant in rare ^ in. deep in wellPropagate by seeds sown gardens. very Oct. drained pans of sandy soil in cold frame or ; cuttingsof firm Sept. in sandy soil under shoots 3 to 4 in. long inserted hand-light or cold frame Aug. to Sept. ; layering shoots in Sept. " Oct. to CULTIVATED G. elnptioa, greenish white, March SPECIES June, 5 to' : 10 ft., California. Gas Plant (Dictamnus albus). See Dictamnus. "
"
"
"
Greenhouse Liliacese. Gasteria. evergreen First of Good Nat. Orn. Hope. foliage. plants. Cape 1731. Leaves, thick, fleshy,prickly; green, spotted with Ord.
"
succulent introduced
white,
or
purple. " CULTURE : Compost, two parts loam, one part peat, old mortar in or well-drained greenhouse river sand. Position, sunny pots moderately April to Sept. window. or Pot, March April. Water 50" to 55". gate Propato Sept. 55" to 65"; Sept. to March Temp. March of in well-drained or in. 1-16 sandy pots pans deep by seeds sown to March 65" soil temp, of Aug. July; Orouoheri, rose, Aug.; G. brevifolia, red, CULTIVATED: SPECIES red, July, 3 to 4 in. distioha, scarlet, July; verrucosa,
(Canada Tea;
Gauitheria
Creeping Winter-green; Partridge
shrubs. First evergreen edible. 1762. purple; introduced Soil, peaty. Position, moist rockeries or margins of CULTURE : or shady shrubberies " beds. Plant, Sept. to Nov. or March to
Berry; Shallou). "
Ericaceae. Berries, red or Ord.
Hardy
Open
175
OF
BNOYOLOPMBIA
May. in
Propagate by
of
peaty
soil outdoors
prooumbens
America
shallon
;
Gaura. annual. an
but Hardy perennial,
Ord. Onagraeeae. First introduced
"
usually
or
Plant,
Position, sunny
:
grown
1850.
well-drained beds or borders. in. deep in 1-10 seeds sown April. Propagate by in. 1 when high to Apiaiv transplantingseedlings
CULTUBE
March outdoors
trailing, white and G. nummularioides, pink, summer, (Canada Tea or Partridge Berry), white, July, creeping, (Shallon),white and red. May, i ft., N.W. America.
CULTIVATED:
Himalayas;
as
J in. deep in bed
sown
autumn.
SPECIES N.
seeds
GARDENING.
light soil flowering
position. SPECIES Texas.
CULTIVATED
Gazania
:
G.
Lindhoimeri, white
and
rose,
July
to
Oct., 3
(Treasure-flower).Ord. Compositse. Half-hardy 1755. Cape of Good Hope. First introduced "
Nat.
to
4
ft.,
nials. peren-
of peat k " one INDOOE CULTURE: Compost, two parts loam sand. Position, well-drained part of greenhouse. pots in sunny little Oct. to March, moderately or Pot, March April. Water very to Sept. 55" into shape, March. other times. Prune Temp., March 45" to 55". to 75" ; Sept. to March,
OUTDOOR
Position,
Soil, ordinary.
CULTURE:
sunny; June.
edgings
Lift in ledges for the winter. heated in Propagate place greenhouse pots in from of plant " inserted base by cuttings of side shoots removed to boxes of sapdy soil or in a bed in cold frame cuttings July Sept. ; frost. if protected from remain in cold frame may 12 in., and G. Pavonia, yellow, brown white, summer, CULTIVATED: SPECIES rigens, yellow and black, June, 1 ft.: splendens, orange, black and white, summer, 1 ft., hybrid. Geissorhiza Half-hardy bulbous(Tile-root).Ord. Iridaceae. 1789. First introduced of Good rooted Nat. plants. Cape Hope. loam. " of two CULTURE one : light parts sandy peat Compost, or Position, well-drained pots in cold frame greenhouse. Pot, Aug. to Nov., placing bulbs with apex just below surface, one in a 5-iu.,or three in a 6-in. pot. Cover pots with ashes till growth begins. Water to
beds,
Oct.
or
trailing
of
over
rockery. Plant,
in
"
"
leaves pletely when freely afterwards, withholding comappear, after flowering. Bepot annually. Propagate by seeds sown boxes of sandy peat placed J in. deep in well-drained pans or shallow in cool greenhouse or frame Aug. or Sept.; offsets treated as bulbs, Aug. to Nov. 6 G. in.; hirta, white. May, SPECIES CULTIVATED: exoisa, white. May, and 8 in. ; humilis, rose yellow. May, 6 in. ; rochonsis, violet-purple.May, 6 in.
moderately
Ord. Iridees. Gelasine^ Half-hardy bulbous plant. CULTURE: tered OUTDOOR Soil, sandy loam. Position, sunnj; shelof nook rockery. Plant, Aug. to Nov. 4 in. deep and 4 in. apart. rain in winter from Protect by a hand-light. GREENHOUSE CULTURE: Compost, two parts sandy loam and and silver sand. Position, cold, sunny one part leaf-mould house. green3 to 4 bulbs Pot in Aug., placingj in a 4i-in. pot; bury bulbs Cover with ashes in cold frame till growth begins, just below surface. "
then
in heat SPECIES
;
greenhouse.
to
remove
keep dry
after growth by offsets at CULTIVATED:
GenetylliS.
"
ceases.
Water moderately when Propagate by seeds sown
potting time. G.
azurea,
blue, May,
See Darwinia.
176
1
growth; sandy loam
in in
ft., S. America.
ENCYCLOPAEDIA Genista
GARDENING.
OF
(Needle Furze; Petty Whin)." Ord. Leguminosae. Hardy floweringshrubs. : Soil, ordinary. Position, shrubbery for tall species ;
deciduous CULTURE
rockery for
dwarf
kinds. ing. after flowerPrune Plant, Oct. to March. seeds March or April; sown Propagateby Jin. de"p outdoors in in March by layeringm Oct. or Nov. ; graftingon laburnum ; budding similar stocks in July. See also the genus on Cytisus. SPBOIBS OULTITATEU: to Aug., 6 to 12 ft., Sioily; G. sethneneis,yellow, June anglioa (Petty Wtin), yellow, May and 1 to 3 ft., Britain; hispanica June, (Spanish Gorse), yellow, May to ,Tuly, fragrant, 6 to 12 ins., N.W. Europe; hispanioa flore-pleno, double; radiata, yellow, summer, 2 to 4 ft., S. Europe; tinotoria (Dyer's Greenweed), yellow, July to Sept., 1 to 2 ft., Britain; tinctoria flore-pleno,double. Gentian (Geutiana acaulis). See Gentiana. Gentiana Hardy (Gentian; Gentianella). Ord. Gentianaceae. perennial herbs. CULTURE : Compost, two parts good loam, one part peat " one part for limestone borders " broken sand. or coarse Position, sunny grit both " tall kinds, sunny to be G. acaulis rockeries for G. verna; Plant, Sept.,Oct., March, or fairlydry in winter " moist in summer. in Water March with little manure. April. Top-dress decayed cow in. 1-16 soils in seeds summer. sown deep Propagate by freelyon dry in well-drained pots or pans of sandy loam in cold frame, March; "
"
division
of
soil must
"
Seeds plants March. be kept moderately
take moist.
one
to
two
years
to
germinate,
to May, 3 in., SPECIES CtTLTITATED: G. acaulis (Gentianella),blue, Marob asclepiadea (Swallow-wort), Europe; Andrewsii, blue, Aug., 1 to 2 ft., N. America; purple blue, July, 6 to 18 in., S. Europe, and its variety alba (wbjte); oruoiata (Cross-wort),blue, June, 1 ft.,Europe; lutea (Bitter-wort),yellow, July, 2 to 3 ft., (Windflower), blue, August and Sept., 1 to 2 ft., Britain; Europe; Pneumonantbe blue, April and May, 3 in., Europe septemflda, blue, July, 1 ft., Caucasus; Terna, (Britain and Ireland), Gentianella (Gentiana acaulis). See Gentiana. Gentian Gromwell (Lithospermum prostratum). See Litho"
"
spermum.
(Veronica geutianoides). See Yeronica. Stove palm. Orn. Ord. Palmaceae. foliage. First introduced 1820. Leaves, feather-shaped;pale green. coal. CULTURE : Compost, two parts peat, one part loam, sand " charruary Pot, FebPosition, pots in moist shady part of plant stove. Gentian Geonoma^
Speedwell
March.
or
in
Propagate by
temp.
85"
temp. 80" SPEOiES
to
March; 85", any
CULTIVATED
Sept. to
seeds sown offshoots time. :
G.
gracilis,6 ft.,Costa
"
Ord. (Crane's-bill).
Geranium
Rica.
(Inulaglandulosa).
Fleabane
Georg'ian
to Feb., abundantly other times. to Sept.65" 55" to 65" ; March March 1 in. deep in above compost m pots from base of plants in small pots in
freely Oct.
Water
Syringe daily. Temp., to 70".
"
"
"
See Inula.
Geraniacese.
herbaceous
Hardy
perennials. CULTURE: well-drained
Soil, ordinary rich. kinds on borders, dwarf
Position, tall sunny
kinds
rockeries.
in
sunny
Plant, Oct.,
occasionallyto April. Apply weak liquid manure seeds sown in flower. established ^in. deep in Propagate by plants March in shallow or or outdoors, in soil April, position sunny ordinary or boxes of sandy soil in cold frame greenhouse March; division of or see April. For greenhouse "Geraniums" roots, Oct., Nov., March, the genua Pelargonium. Kov., March,
or
177
engyolopmdta SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
purple, June
gardening.
of G.
argenteum,
1
summer,
rose,
ft., Alps;
armenum,
6 in., Pyrenees ; ft.. Orient ; oiaereum, red, summer, cinereum Endressi, rose, album, white; dahuricum, purple, Juno, 1 ft., Dahuria; 1 ft., Pyrenees; 1 ft., Caucasus; maorohizon, ibericum, blue, summer, summer, 2 to 3 ft., red or purple. May to tTuly,1 ft., E. Europe ; pratense, blue, summer, blue its double and double white crimson, Britain; and varieties; sanguineum, 2 ft., and its varieties lancastriense (flesh),album (white), Britain; summer, 2 to 3 ft., Britain; sylvaticum, blue, summer, tuberosum, purple, June, 9 in.,
July,
and
2
S.
Europe. Gerbera, Greenhouse
(Barberton
or
perennial herbs.
CompositaB.
Ord. Transvaal Daisy). First introduced 1888. "
CULTUEE
perature in a compost of sandy loam and peat in a tem: Grow wards. afterof 45 to 50" from Nov. to May ; without artificial heat Nov. Water to April; freely afterwards. sparingly from Repot annually in spring. No shade required. Propagate by seeds in sandy peat in March in temperature 55" ; by cuttings of side sown in warm shoots in spring. G. Jamesoni be grown outdoors nooks may iq mild districts. SPECIES CULTIVATED: 1 ft.; Jamesoni G. asplenifolia,purple, summer, berton (Barto Oct., 18 in. Daisy), orange-scarlet, June German Catchfly. (Lychnis viscaria). See Lychnis. "
Germander
(Teucrium scorodonia). See Teucrium. (Irisgermanica). See Iris. Ivy (Mikania scandens). See Mikania. Lilac (Centranthus ruber). See Centranthus. wort Spleen (Asplenium germanicum). "
German
Iris
German German German
"
"
"
"
See
Asple-
nium.
German
Tamarisk
Gesnera.
"
(Myricariagermanica)." See Myricaria.
Ord.
Gesneriacese.
perennials. Flowering CULTUEE
:
Compost,
part leaf-mould, with well-drained
pots
or
two
little pans in a
"
" tuberous-rooted introduced First foliage. Stove
orn.
ceous herba1752.
parts fibrous peat, one part loam, one " silver sand. Position, manure decayed March of stove. Pot, shady part plant
June in .summer; to flower in May to flower in autumn; winter. Place tubers 1 in. deep singlyin 5-in. pots, or 1 to 2 in. apart in larger sizes. Water time moderately from growth begins until in. 3 4 then After or plants are freely. high, flowering ^adually withhold till foliagedies down, then keep dry till potting time. water when twice flower buds week or a once Apply weak liquid manure 65" not to 85"; March to Sept. show. required. Temp., Syringing 75". March 55" to Store when their on foliage has died down Sept. to sides under Propagate stage till potting time in temp, of 50" to 55". surface of well-drained on by seeds sown pots of sandy peat, in temp. shoots in pots c.f inserted 75", March or April; cuttings of young leaves sandy peat in temp. 75" to 85" in spring; fullymatured pegged surface of pots m sandy peat in temp. 75" to 85" ; stalk ends of leaves on inserted verticallyin pans of sandy peat in temp. 75" to 85". SPECIES CULTIVATED: G. and 12 to oardinalis, crimson white, autumn, red 18 in.; Donklarii, and Colombia; yellow, 2 ft., summer, Douglassii, red and yellow, autumn, 18 in., Brazil; exoniensis, orange, scarlet, and yellow, winter, 1 ft., Brazil; Lindleyi,yellow and 1 ft., hybrid; Leopoldii, scarlet, summer, scarlet, 18 in.; refnlgens, violet and July, 1 ft., Brazil; na-glioides rosy pink, autumn, 18 in., hybrid. white, summer, Ord. Greenhouse Gethyllis (Cape Crocus). Amaryllidacese. bulbous First introduced 1780. plants. Deciduous. to
flower
"
CULTURE
drained
" sand. : Compost, equal parts peat, loam Pot, Aug. pots in cold greenhouse or frame.
178
to
Position, wellNov., placing
BNOYCLOPMDIA bulbs
singly
ashes
in
OF
GABDHNINO.
5-iu. pots, with points in Cover with just below surface. cold frame or rately modetill greenhouse growth begins. Water from time growth begins till flowers fade; keep quite dry after foliage has died down until time.
potting
by frame
seeds
greenhouse, March
or
Eepot annually.
J in. deep in well-drained
sown
April; offsets
or
gate Propa-
pots of sandy soil treated
bulbs
as
in cold at
ting pot-
time. SPECIES OULTITATED: oiharis, wlirte. eummer,
GeuiYI
G. afra, red and 6 tt., S. Africa; white, summer, in., S. Africa; spiralis,white, autumn, 9 ft., S. Africa. Ord. Eosacese. Hardy perennial floweringherbs.
6
(Avens). : Soil, ordinary rich. Position, tall speciesin sunny rockeries. specieson sunny Plant, Oct. to April. "
CULTTJEE
ders, bor-
dwarf Cut down flower stems in Sept. Propagate by seeds sown 1-16 in. deep in shallow boxes or well-drained pots of light soil in cold frame, April or July, or in sunny positions(similar depth " soil) outdoors, or
April
Aug.
; SPECIES
division of plants, Oct.
to April. chiloenso, scarlet, summer,
CULTIVATED: G. 2 ft.. Chili; and its varieties,grandifiorum plenum (double-flowered) and miniatum (orange); ooccineum, 1 ft., Asia Minor ; Heldreichii, orange-red, July, 1 ft. ; montanum, scarlet,summer, yellow. May, 2 ft.,Europe; reptans, yellow, summer, trailing,Europe. Ghent Azfllea, (Ehododendron pontica).^See Ehododendron. Gherkin. See Cucumis. "
"
Giant Giant Giant
Cow-parsnip Fennel. Fern
"
(Heracleum giganteum). "
See
Palm
See Heracleum.
Ferula.
(Macrozamia peroffskyana). See "
Macro-
zamia.
Giant Giant Giant Giant See
ivy
(Hedera
raegneriana).See Hedc-a. (Polygonium Sieboldi).See Polygonium. Lily (Lilium giganteum). See Lilium. White Caiifornian Poppy Coulteri)." (Eomneya Helix
"
Knot-weed
"
"
Eomneyi.
Gibraltar Gilia"
Mint Ord.
"
Mentha. introduced
(Mentha pulegium gibraltarica).See "
Polemoniacese.
annuals.
Hardy
First
1826. CTJLTUEE to beds or by seeds
Position, sunny ; dwarf kinds as edgings : Soil,ordinary. in borders beds. or borders, tall kinds in groups Propagate to flower, 1-16 in. deep in April, where sown plants are thinning seedlingsout in May 1 to 3 in. apart. G. achilleiefolia, purplish blue, Aug., 1 ft.,California; white, Aug., 1 ft., parviflbrus),lilac, pink, and (Syn. Leptosiphon densiflora 9 to 18 in., California; California; coronopifolia, scarlet, summer, (Syn, Leptosiphon densiflorus),lilac,Juno, 6 in.; dcnsiflora alba, white; dianthoides yellow, July, 4 in., California; micrantha (Syn. Fenzlia dianthjflora), lilac and 9 in., California; liniflora,white, summer, (Syn. Leptosiphon roseus), rose, summer, its and 1 ft., California; purple, June, 1 ft., California, and tricolor, orange and varieties alba, atroTiolaoea, rosea, splendens. Ord. Eosaceae. Gillenia Hardy perennials. (Indian Physic). SPECIES androsacea
CULTIVATED:
"
First
1713. introduced Position, moist CTJLTUEE: shady bed or border. Soil, peaty. Cut down flowering stems in Sept. Plant, Oct. to Dec, or March. or April. Propagate by division of roots in March G. stipulaoea, white, June, 1 to 2 ft., N. America; SPBCSeS CULTIVATED: trifoliata, red or white, July, 1 to 2 ft., N. America. Cheiri). See (Dianthus caryophyllus " Cheiranthus Gillyflower "
Dianthus
"
Cheiranthus.
(Zingiber ofiicinale).See Zingiber. Ginger-plant (Ginkgo-tree ; Maidenhair-tree). Ord. Coniferse. Ginkgro "
"
179
Hardy
MNOrOLOP^DlA
GAliDHNWCf.
OP
1754. coniferous Orn. tree. foliage. First introduced small, Fruit, borne Flowers, male " female on separate trees; spring. globular; edible. Leaves, fan-shaped; green " variegated. beries CULTURE Position, sheltered shrub: Stoil, ordinary well drained. other walls lawns S. of England, against south west parts. or or of lin. deep in pans Plant, Oct. to Feb. Propagate by seeds sown
deciduous
soil in cold frame, Oct. or March. 60 to 80 ft., G. biloba adiantifolia), (Syu. Salisburia Japan. Pink See Bianthus. Glacier (Dianthus glacialis).^ Gladiolus Hardy (Corn Flag; Sword Lily). Ord. Iridaceae. 1596. bulbous First introduced floweringplants. Deciduous. TYPES." Childsii group: Habit tall, 4 to 5ft.; spikes,long, 2ft., Gandaveusis Habit, branching; flowers, 6 to Sin. across. group: medium, 2 to 3 ft. ; spikes,medium, 12 to 18 in. ; flowers, large, evenly Lemoinei formed, beautiful " varied in colour. rous, group : Habit, vigo-
lightsandy SPECIES China and
CULTIVATED:
"
"
4 to
margined
5ft.; spikes,large; flowers, medium, with
other
colours.
Nanceanus
group
golden-yejlowcentres, tall ; spikes : Habit,
brilliant colours. lists. group tion, PosiSoil, deep rich, liberallymanured. : Plant well-drained beds borders. sheltered, or earlysunny, floweringkinds Nov., Feb., or March, late kinds March, April,or May. Place of early kinds 4 in. deep " 6 in. apart in groups of three, corms similar sized twelve late 3 in. deep " 12 in. apart in kinds six, or ; little silver under each Protect sand corm. early kinds put a groups; flower when with layer of manure. in winter Apply liquid manure of 2 or 3 in. high. Lift corms buds form. Fix sticks to spikes when in in kinds in cool store Oct. or Nov., " place early kinds Sept.,late
long
and
For names OUTDOOR
branching; flowers, large, 4 of varieties CULTURE
in each
to Sin. see
across,
trade
till planting time. POT CULTURE : Compost, two parts loam, one part well-decayed " river sand. manure Position, pots in cold frame, cool greenhouse or Pot 1 in. deep window. early kinds Oct. to March, placing five corms in a 6-ih. pot; late kinds March or April,one 1 in. deep in 9, 6-in. pot, 8-in. pot. till flower three Place pots in cold frame 1 in. deep in an or Water to greenhouse or window. moderately spikesshow, then remove when flower spikes at first,freelyafterwards. Apply liquid manure till foliagedies, then water After flowering,gradually withhold show. keep quite dry till repotted. Forcing : Pot early kinds Oct. to Dec. i in. deep in pans of light Propagate by seeds sown Temp., 55" to 65". rich soil in Feb., in temp. 55" to 65"; by bulbils (spawn) growing at doors, base of corms, planted 2 in. deep " 6 in. apart in sunny border outwhen when flower three March. bulbils Seedlings years old; years old. OF G. PRIMULINUS: CULTURE Compost, equal parts loam and leaf-mould with plenty of sand. Position,moist stove spring and summer. Pot in autumn. Keep dry till growth begins,then water freely. essential during spring and summer. Withhold Moist atmosphere most after to water flowering. Temp. Oct. to March, 55"; March gradually Increased Oct. 60" to 70". by removing small corms, and growing these for old ones. advised as on CULTIVATED: G. blandus, white, red, and SPECIES yellow, June, 18 in., S. Africa; byzantinas, red and purple, June, 2 ft., Asia Minor; oardinalis, soarlet, to Aug., 1 to 2 ft., July and Aug., 3 to 4 ft., S. Africa; oommunis, rose, June S. Europe; orueutus, scarlet and white, Sept., 13 to 18 in.. Natal; floribundus,
two
180
ENCYCLOPEDIA
GARDENING.
OF
surface in a greenhouse. Propagate by seeds sown be grown on may division in March in boxes of light sandy soil in cold frame or April; of plants, Oct. or April. G. Alypnm, OTTLTIVATBD: SPECIES blue, August, 2 ft., Bhrab, S. Europe; 6 in., nndicaulis, blue, summer, cordifolia, blue, June, 6 in., shrub, S. Europe; 6 to 8 in., herbaceous, Asia triohosantha, blue, summer, herbaceous, Europe; 6 to 12 in., herbaceous, S. Europe. Minor; vulgaris, blue, summer, Ord. Gloriosa, Lily). (Malabar Glory Lily; Mozambique "
tuberous-rooted. " Liliaceae. Stove Deciduous flowering climbers. 1690. First introduced CULTURE: Compost, actual parts loam, peat, leaf -mould, decayed " silver sand. manure Position, well-drained pots, wi th shoots trained in a 6-in. 2 in. deep, one to roof or trellis. Pot, Feb., placing tubers moderately till growth is pot, or several in an 8 or 12-in. pot. Water well advanced, then freely. After flowering, gradually withhold water " keep soil quite dry till potting time. Temp., Feb. to Sept.70" to 85"; Sept.to Feb. 55" to 65" Propagate by seeds inserted singly Jin. deep in 3-in. pots filled with light soil in temp. 75" in Feb. or March; at potting time. from offsets removed large tubers and 6 to 10 ft.. SPECIES G. superba, orange red, summer, CULTIVATED: 5 ft., Trop. Africa. Tropics; viresoens Plantii, yellow and red, summer, FlOVtfer Glory (Eccremocarpus soaber). See Eccremocarpus. "
See
Gloriosa.
Glory Lily (Gloriosasuperba). Glory-Of-the-SnOVW (Chiouodoxa luciliae).See Chionodoxa. Zealand Pea of New Glory (ClianthusDampieri). "
"
"
See
Clianthus.
(Clerodendron fragrans). See Clerodendron. Sinningia. .^Ord. Leguminosas. Hardy Glycyrrhiza (Liquorice-plant) " Orn. foliage flowering. Edible rooted. perennials.
Glory
Tree
Gloxinia.
"
"
See
baceous herNat.
Ht. 3 to 5 ft. 1563. First introduced GARDENS: Position, open IN Soil, deep rich sandy. CULTURE 3 ft. in. " 3 in. 18 Feb. or deep in rows March, Plant, apart sunny. in to root stems close Cut down asunder. creeping foliage" remove Roots Nov. ready for use third year after planting. Propagate by division of creeping stems, Feb. or March. 3 ft. deep CULTURE FIELD : Soil, deep, rich sandy loam, trenched in autumn. at rate of 40 tons per acre " dressed with farmyard manure root Plant cuttings furnished with two eyes each. Sin. deep, 18 in! cut off all in March. 3 ft. asunder in Following November rows apart Nov. " do same main to close root, roots again following creeping " trench 4 to 5 ft. deep by side of rows after Third dig planting year 4 to 5 tons. acre with a roots Average yield out strong per rope. pull Average value per cwt., 45s. to G. glabra (Spanish Liquorice), blue, May Sept., OTJLtITATED: SPECIES Mediterranean Region. See Anaphalis " Leontopodium. Gnaphalium. Ord. Gnidia. flowering Thymelacese. Greenhouse evergreen 1768. Nat. shrubs. Cape of Good Hope. First introduced two CULTURE : Compost, parts fibrous peat, one part loam " silver sand. Position, well-drained pots near glassin airy greenhouse ^iuring " spring, cold frame to Sept. winter June Pot, March. autumn, in Prune shoots into shape Press firmly straggling pots. compost sufficient to Water after carefullyalways, giving flowering. directly
Europe.
"
"
l;eepsoil uniformly moist; rain,
not 182
spring water, essential.
I'emp.,
MNOYCLOPMBIA Oct.
March 40" of cuttings young drained pots under to
to
45" ; March
shoots
GARDENING.
OF
in. in bell-glass 2
July, 45"
to
long inserted temp. 45" to
55". Propagate by sandy peat in well-
to
in 55"
April,or
March,
in
May. SPEOIES
CULTIVATED:
fragrant, spring,
a
Goat-root
denudata. yellow, aummer,
18
in.; pinitolia, white,
(Ononis Natrix). See Ononis. (SpiraeaAruncus). See Spiraea. See Galega. (Galega ofacinalis).-" "
Goat's
Beard Rue
Goat's Goat
G.
ft.
"
Willow
(Salixcaprea)." SeeSalix.
Godetia." See (Enothera. Gold Basket (Alyssum saxatile).S'ee Alyssum. Gold Dust-plant (Alygaum saxatile). See Alyssum. See Golden Amaranth (Amaranthus salicifolius). "
"
Amaran-
"
thus.
Golden Golden
Praxinus.
Ash (Praxinus excelsior aurea). See Bell-tree (Forsythiasuspensa). See "
Foreythia. (Cassiniafulvida). See Cassinia. Chain (Laburnum vulgare). See Laburnum. See Chestnut (Castanopsis chrysophylla). "
Bush
Golden Golden Golden
"
"
Cas-
"
tanopsis. Golden
Club
Golden
Creeping
See
(Orontium aquaticum).^ See "
Orontium.
aurea).
(Lysimachianummularia
Jenny
"
Lysimachia.
Golden
(Valeriana Fhu
Spikenhard
Cretan
aurea). "
See
Valeriana.
(Lamium aureum). See Lamium. Drop (Onosma echioides).See Ouosma. Elm Golden (TJlmuscampestrisfoliis aureia^. See iflmus. Golden Elm (Xllmus fastigiataaurea). See TJlmus. See Golden Feather aureum). (Chrysanthemum Parthenium Chrysanthemum Currant Golden-flowered (Eibesaureum). See Eibes. Garlic Golden-flowered (Allium Moly). See Allium. Hair Golden (Chrysocoma Coma-aurea). See Chrysocoma. Knee Golden (Chrysogouum virginianum). See Chrysogonum. Chestnut Golden-leaved (Castanea chrysophylla). See Golden Golden
Nettle
Dead
"
"
"
"
"
.
"
"
"
"
"
Castanea. Golden-leaved
(Euonymus japonicus aureo-
Spindle-tree
varicgatus). Sfee Euonymus. "
See Lycoris. (Tiliaeuropaea aurea). See Tilia. Fern (Nothochlaenafiavens).
(Lycorisaurea).
Golden
Lily
Golden
Lime-tree
Golden
Maiden-hair
"
"
"
See
Nothochlaena.
Golden Golden Golden Golden Golden
Golden Golden
(Quercus pedunculataConcordia). See Quercus. (Salixvitellina). See Salix. See Polypodium. Polypody (Polypodium aureum). Oak Osier
"
"
"
Privet Rain Rod
(Ligustrum ovalifolium (Laburnum vulgare). "
laureum). See See
"
See
Ligustrum.
Laburnum.
Solidago. (Solidagovirgaurea). (Chrysoplenium altemifolium). Saxifrage "
"
See
gopleuium. Golden
Thistle
(Scolymus hispamous). "
183
See
Scolymua.
Chry-
ENCYCLOPEDIA Golden Golden Golden Gold
GARDENING.
OF
(Uroeolinaaurea). See Urceolina. Vine (Stigmaphyllon ciliatum). See Stigmaphyllon. Wand (Bulbinella Hookeri). See Bulbinella. Fern See Gymnogramma. (Gymnogramma clirysopliylla). Urn-flower
"
"
"
"
Goldfussia.
See
"
Goldilocks
StroUlauthes.
(Aster Linosyris). See "
Gold-netted
Aster.
(Louicera brachypoda
Honeysuckle
aureo
reticulata). See Lonicera. Thread Gold See Coptis. (Coptistrifoliata),. Gombo See Hibiscus. (Hibiscus esculeuteus). Stove American Ord. Ochnaceae. Button-flower. Gomphia (Soutk Oru. " shrubs. foliage flowering. evergreen CULTUBE : Compost, two parts fibrous loam, one part peat, little silver sand. Position, pots in light part of plant stove. Pot, Feb. or March. Press compost down in Prune into shape Feb. or firmly pot. afterwards. Water March. Syringe moderately Oct. to March, freely "
"
"
"
65" to 75"; Oct. to March to Oct. Temp., March 50" to 60". Propagate by cuttings of firm young shoots, 2 to 3 in. long, inserted in pots of silver sand under bell-glassin temp. 75" in spring.
daily in SPECIES
summer.
OULTITATED:
G.
Gompholobium.
"
flowering shrubs.
decora,
^Ord.
Trailing
"
to IS ft., Brazil. Greenhouse evergreen Australia. First duced intro-
yellow, spring,
Leguminosae. erect.
Nat.
10
1803. CULTURE : Compost, two parts rough peat, one part rough loam, " sand. charcoal Position, well-drained house. pots in light part of greenPrune into March. Pot, Feb. or shape after flowering. Water carefully at all times. Temp., Sept.to April45" to 50"; April to 50" 60". Ventilate to Sept. greenhouse freely in summer. Propagate in well-drained of shoots 2 in. long inserted by cuttings young pots of March in 45" 55" in to under or bell-glass temp. April. sandy peat SPECIES CULTIVATED: G. grandiflorum, yellow, Juno, 2 ft.; polymorplmm, yellow, scarlet and purple, spring, 2 ft.; Tenustum, purple, spring, 3 ft. Globe rena Gomph Amaranth; Everlasting). Ord. Ama(Globe First iniroranthacese. Greenhouse annual. Nat. India. flowering "
duced 1714. CULTURE:
part leaf-mould, parts fibrous loam, one sand. warm Position, greenhouse, exposed well-decayed Sow seeds 1-16 in. deep in well-drained to light. pots of lightsoil in temp. 75" in March. Transplant seedlings 1 in. apart when 1 in. high in li^ht soil in well-drained pots " keep in temp, of 60" to 75". When four leaves place 4-in. pots. Transfer in seedlings have formed singly in June to 5-in. pots " keep near them the glass. Water moderately. twice when flowers daily. manure foliage Apply Syringe liquid appear. Summer temp., 55" to 65". Cut flowers immediately they are fully developed for drying for winter decoration. G. globosa, and CULTIVATED: SPECIES its varieties, aurea superba (yellow), (dwarf), (flesh),purpurea (purple), and nana 12 to 18 in. carnea summer, Ord. Orchidacess. Stove evergreen Gong^ora. epiphytalorchids. 1824. First introduced CULTURE : " Compost, equal parts rough peat, sphagnum moss Position, hanging baskets in sunny of stove. lumps of charcoal. part Water Re-basket, Feb. or March. to Sept.,very abundantly March little other times. to Aug. Growing period, March Resting period, Compost,
cow
manure
two "
"
Aug.
to
March.
Propagate by
division 184
of
pseudo-bulbsin
Feb.
ENOTOLOPJEBIA
OF
GARDENING.
i,.."P "*^""i**" armeniaoa, orange
.r"w"
f,".r summer,
1 1
yellow,
1
summer,
ft.,Nicaragua;
fragrant, 1 ft., Mexico; gratulabnnda, yellow and red. fi ^'""?.""'' ft.,Colombia ; maoulata, yellow and red, 1 ft., Trop. America. summer,
f7
Goniophlebium."
See
Good
See (CheuopodiumBonua-Henricus)."
King
Henry
Polypodium. Cheno-
podium.
Goodyera
(Rattlesnake Plantain; Adder's Violet)."Ord. OrchiStove, greeuliouse," hardy terrestrial orciiids. Flowering " orn. foliage. Leaves, bronze, chocolate, olive-green, purplish-green, reddish-crimson, variegated with white or yellow. daceae.
CULTDEB
OP STOVE " GEEENHOUSE fibrous parts peat, one part loam " sand. shallow in or shady part of stove or pans
SPECIES
Compost, two
:
Position, well-drained pots greenhouse. Pot, Feb. or
March.
Water to times. freely March Sept., moderately other stove to Sept., Sept. to March Temp., 55" to species,65" to 75" March March 65"; greenhouse species, to Sept.55" to 65", 45" to 55" Sept. to March. CTJLTXJEE OP HAEDY SPECIES : Compost, two parts peat, leaf" sand. mould Position, rockery or border, well drained. Plant, March
or
of shoots
Water with
April. removed
under
peaty compost STOVE
SPECIES: and GREENHOUSE
weather.
bell-glassin temp.
Menziesii, white, summer, SPECIES
:
45"
to 55" in
brown,
Sept., India; pink
rosy
and
small
pots
of
spring. Teitohii, leaTes
white, June,
Japan;
America.
N.
pubescens, white, July,
G.
Propagateby cuttings
inserted singlyin "attached,
G. oordata, yellow and white, hybrid. SPECIES: G. maorantha,
red, brown,
HARDY
freelyin dry roots
N.
America
;
repens,
white,
mer, sum-
Europe.
(Eibes grossularia).See Eibes. Gorse (Ulex europaeus). See TJlex. Stove Gossypium (Cotton-plant).Ord. Malvaceae. 1594. herbs. First introduced Fruit furnishes (capsule) Gooseberry
"
"
"
perennial of
cotton
commerce.
" little sand. leaf -mould : Compost, equal parts loam, stove. in of well-drained Pot, March or Position, pots part sunny afterwards. to April, freely moderately Sept. Temp., April. Water 50" to 65". to Oct. 65" to 75"; Oct. to March March Propagate by soil in in 1-16 in. deep seeds sown or temp. 65" to 75", March light April. Transplant seedlingswhen 1 in. high singly into 2-in. pots, "
CXJLTUEE
thence
into
5
6-in.
or
pots. G.
CULTIVATED:
SPECIES
yellow and (Egyptian Cotton), a hybrid. herbaceum,
bados; barbadense, yellow and purple, Sept., 5 ft., Bar3 to 4 ft.. East Indies; Bahma purple, summer,
(Cucurbita melopepo).
Gourd
"
GramniantheSi introduced
"
Ord.
See
Cucurbita.
Half-hardy annual.
Crassulaceae.
First
1774.
rockeries. gate Propawell-drained soil in in of surface on seeds sandy sown pans by outdoors in May. Transplant seedlings temp. 60" to 65" in March. 3 to red, summer, G. chlorsefolia,orange-yellow and CULTIVATED : SPECIES CULTUEE
i
:
Soil, light sandy.
Position, sunny
in., S. Africa.
(Cup Flower)." Ord.
Grammatocarpus climber.
hardy annual
.
CULTUEE later
on,
:
"
Half-
Loasaceae.
Sow
plant
trellises,vases,
in
,
,
,
,
gentle heat lu March, harden June. Ordinary soil. Suitable
seeds
in
etc 185
".
seedlings for low
~,
oil
sunny
MNOTOLOFMDIA SPECIES
red,
summer,
CULTIVATED: 3 ft., CMU.
Grammatophyllum
GABDENING.
OF G.
(Syn. Soypliantlins elegans), yellow and
volubilis
(Queen
of the
Orchids). "
Ord.
Orchid-
1837. Stove epiphytal orchids. First introduced " CULTUEE charcoal. Position, large well: Compost, fibrous peat Water drained pots in light part of stove. freely Pot, Feb. or March. '65" to Nov. to Feb. 75"; Feb. to Oct., very little Oct. to Feb. Temp., Nov. Nov. to Feb. 60" to 65". Feb. to jjeriod, Besting Growing period, Nov. to Feb. Propagate by division of pseudo-bulbsat pottingtime. i ft., G. SPECIES CULTIVATED brown, fenzlianum, yellow and : summer, speoiosum, yellow and purple, winter, 5 to 8 ft., Malaga, Amboyna; Granadilla, (Fassifloraquadrangularis). See Fassifiora. Fern Grape (Botrychium lunaria). ^See Botrychium. See Muscari. Grape Hyacinth." Pear Grape (Amelanchies vulgaris). See Amelanchies. aceae.
'
"
"
"
Vine (Vitisvinifera). See Titis. of Grass Parnassus (Parnassiapalustris).See Parnassia. Birch Gray (Betulapopulifolia).See Betula. Greeic Valerian (Folemonium cseruleum). See Polemonium. Hellebore See Helleborus. Green (Helleborusviridis)." Green Orchis Man See Aceras. (Aceras anthro^jophora). Green See Spleen-wort (Aspleniumviride)." Asplenium. Orchis Green-Vtfinsed (Orchis morio). See Orchis.
Grape
"
"
"
"
"
"
Greigr's Tulip (TulipaGreigi)."See Tulipa. Grevillea Greenhouse (Silk-barkOak). Ord. Proteacese. hardy " shrubs. First introduced 1790. oru. Flowering foliage. evergreen CULTUEE OF GREENHOUSE SPECIES: Compost, equal parts fibrous peat " turfy Position, well-drained loam, one part silver sand. or Pot, March pots in airy greenhouse, window, or dwelling-room. off Prune April. Water moderately Sept.to April,freely afterwards. to induce to pointsof shoots occasionally bushy growth. Temp., March 45" to 55". Oct. 55" to 65"; Oct. to March CULTUEE HAEDY SPECIES OP : Soil, peaty. Position, sheltered shrubberies S. of England; against south walls other parts. Plant, in severe Oct. or April. Prune, April. Protect weather. PaoPAGATE \ in. deep in well-drained greenhouse speciesby seeds sown 65" of soil in 70" in March to shoots temp. light pots ; cuttingsof young small portions of branches attached 3 in. long, with inserted in sandy soil in well-drained pots under in temp. 75" to 80" in March, bell-glass seeds or sown \ in. deep outdoors in March April, May; hardy speciesby in Nov. in March Oct. or or or April ; layers ; grafting April. G. robusta, orange, GKEESHOUSB SPECIES: 10 to 20 ft.,Australia; summer, 6 ft,, Australia. rosmarinifolia, red, summer, HARDT SPECIES 10 ft,,Australia. juniperiana sulphurea, yellow, summer, : G, alba See Grey Poplar (Populus canescens). Populus, "
"
Griffinia (Blue Amaryllis), Ord, Amaryllidaceae. Stove bulbous floweringplants. Evergreen. First introduced 1815. CULTUEE : Compost, two posed parts fibrous loam, one part peat, decom"
" sand. Position, well-drained pots on a bed or beneath to temp., 85" in plant stove. Pot, June or July. Press compost down firmly. Eepotting not needful oftener than once three or four years. Water moderately Oct. to April, freely every afterwards. in Syringe freely summer. Topdress established plants with rich compost. Temp., March annually in March to Sept. 70" to 80"; Sept. to Dec, 55" to 65"; December to March 65" to 75"Pro-
sheep
manure
stage heated
186
ENCYCLOPEDIA
pagate by March; at
seeds
potting
thiua
from
time. CULTIVATED:
G.
old
bulbs
Grim-the-Collier Griselinia (New 1873.
Oru.
loam.
SPECIES
CULTIVATED
spring, 10
Gromwell Ground
CistUS
:
to
Position, shady,
into April. Prune in sandy soil in sheltered
G.
hyaoin-
in
Oct.
littoralis,green,
or
spring,
Hardy
Cornacea3.
First introduced
Zealand.
"
by cuttingsinserted Sept.,Oct., or Nov. ; layering shoots p"ylla, green,
or
pots
See Hieracium.
"
CTJLT'DE.E : Soil, rich Plant, Oct., Nov., March
3-in.
1 ft., Brazil;
summer,
Broad-leaf)."Ord.
foliage. Nat. New Leaves, egg-shaped; dark green.
evergreen
Feb.
18 in., Brazil.
(Hieracium aurantiacum). Zealand
in
placed singly in
and
Blumendvia, pink,
(Blue Amaryllis), blue, aummer,
shrubs.
GARDENING.
J in. deep in sandy soil in temp. 85"
sown
offsets removed
SPECIES
OF
borders.
sheltered
shape, April. Propagate border
cold
or
frame
Nov. 20
to
30
ft. ; luoida
maoro-
12 ft.
(Lithospermum prostratum). ^See Lithospermum. (Ehodothamnus chamajcistus). See Ehodo"
"
thamnus.
Ground Holly." See Chimaphila, Ground Ivy (Nepeta Glechoma). See Nepeta. Ground Nut and Arachis (Apiostuberosa hypogaea). See and Arachis. Grove Fern." See Alsophila. Gua,va,-tree See Psidium. (Psidium^uava pyriferum). Guelder Rose (Viburnum Opulus). See Virburnum. "
"
Apios
"
"
Guernsey
Lily (Nerine sarniensis).See
Guernsey
Orchis
"
Nerine.
See Orchis. (Orchislaxiflora)." Guinea See Capsicum. Pepper (Capsicum annuum). Box Gum (Escalloniamacrantha). See Escallonia. Gum CistUS (Cistusladaniferus)."See Cistus. Gunnera, baceous (PricklyEhubarb). Ord. Haloraginaceae. Hardy her1849. Leaves, perennials. Orn. foliage. First introduced large,4 to 6ft. in diameter; dark green. CULTUEE sheltered : Soil, ordinary rich. Position, damp, sunny margins of ponds or bogs. Plant, March or April. Protect with leaves in winter. Water Propagate by seeds abundantly in dry weather. 1-16 in. deep in pans of light soil in temp. 55" to 65" in March, sown transplantingseedlingsoutdoors in June ; division of plants in March or April. "
"
"
G. manioata, leaves 4 to 6 ft.,in diamenter, 4 to 6 ft., : (Syn. G. soabra),leaves 4 to 6 ft. in diameter, 6 to 10 ft..Chili. Guzmania. herbaceous Ord. Bromeliaceae. Stove perennials. 1820. Bracts, yellow, Flowering " orn. foliage. First introduced Leaves, sword-shaped; bright green. green, purple,scarlet. CULTUEE: Compost, equal parts fibrous loam, rough peat " leafWater mould. Pot, March. freelyalways. Good drainage essential. Temp., Sept. to March 60" to 70"; March to Sept.70" to 80". Propagate by offshoots inserted in small pots at any time. 1 ft.,bracts CULTIVATED: G. tricolor,white, summer, SPECIES purplish red, SPECIES
CULTIVATED
Brazil; oMlensis
"
W.
Indies.
GymnoCladUS Legumiuosae. Hardy introduced wide. CULTUEE or
1748. :
lawns.
Coffee Tree; Soap Tree). Ord. Orn. foliage " flowering. First bluish green, 3 ft. long " 2 ft. feather-shaped,
(Kentucky deciduous
Leaves,
"
tree.
Soil, ordinary, well drained. Prune Plant, Oct. to Feb. 187
beries Position, shady shrubyoung
trees, Jan.
Pro-
seeds
pagate by in
1 in.
sown
Oct., Nov., April
similar
positionin
SPBOIES
July,
30
to
CULTIVATED: 60 ft., N.
or
Oct.
deep
March.;
in
light soil
in
outdoors shady position inserted 2 in. deep in
cuttingsof roots
March.
or
G.
America;
Cvrnnosra.mme
GARDENING.
OF
ENOYOLOPMDIA
canadensis (Kentucky Coffee Tree), white, May ollinensis (Soap Tree), white, June, 20 ft., China.
(Gold Fern;
Silver Fern). Stove " greenhouse evergreen ferns. First introduced sides covered finelydivided, upper sides green, under
to
Pilices. Fronds 1790. with, white or Ord.
"
yellow powder. " one part fibrous peat, one part leaf-mould tion, Posisilver sand, charcoal, " coarselyground bones. erect speciesin well-drained pots; drooping speciesin hanging baskets. Water Pot, Feb. or March. moderately Oct. to Feb., freely afterwards. Temp., stove Syringing or shading not necessary. to Sept. 65" to 75"; green55" to 65", March species,Sept. to March house to Sept. 55" to 65". 45" to 50", March species,Sept. to March surface of fine sandy peat under bell-glass on Propagate by spores sown in temp. 75" to 85" any time; division of plants at potting time; fronds furnished with plantletspegged on to surface of sandy peat under
CULTUKE
loam,
:
Compost,
part
one
in temp. 70" bell-glass
to 80" at all times. white below, above, creamy calomelanos, fronds dull green W. Indies, and the following varieties, chrysophylla (Gold Fern), fronds golden silvery; decomposita, yellow, and peruviana argyrophylla(Silver Fern), fronds fronds silvery, pretty for baskets, Jamaica ; yellow, hybrid ; schizophylla,fronds Indies; tartarea sulphurea, fronds golden, West (Syn. G. dealbata), fronds silvery, Trop. America. G. japonioa, fronds not GREENHOUSE SPECIES : powdered, Japan. Useful plant Ord. Compositae. Hardy annual. Gymnolomia,. SPECIES
STOVE
G.
:
"
for cutting. Sow seeds in CULTUEE Position, sunny borders. : Soil, ordinary. Thin later out to a tew outdoors on patches during April. seedlings inches apart. SPECIES CULTIVATED: G. multiflora, yellow, Aug., 18 in., Mexico. See Fenuisetum. Gymnothrix. See Cortaderia. Gynerium. Ord. Gynura. Composites. Stove perennialswith ornamental "
"
"
foliage. Leaves
purple-tinted. Compost, equal parts peat, loam, leaf-mould,
CULTUBE:
Position, pots in partialshade. to Oct., moderately afterwards. Oct.
to March,
SPECIES
55" to 65".
CULTIVATED:
sarmentosa,
6
to
8
G.
Pot
in March. Temp., March
Water to
"
sand.
freelyMarch
Oct., 70"
to
80";
Propagate by cuttingsin spring. aurantiaoa,
2
ft., Java;
bioolor, 3 ft., Moluccas,
ft.
Gypsophila.
(Chalk-plant).Ord. Caryophyllaceae.Hardy perennial annual herbs. First introduced 1759. valuable for Flowers cuttingfor floral decoration. CULTURE: with old mortar brick Soil, ordinary,freelymixed or rubbish. Position, dryish well-drained borders for erect species ; sunny rockeries " margins of borders for dwarf species. Plant, Oct., Nov., March or April. Cut down flower stems in Oct. Propagate annual in April on surface of soil where plants are to speciesby seeds sown out 3 to Bin. apart when 1 in. high; perennial flower, thinningseedlings by seeds sown in sunny positionoutdoors in April,transplanting species positionin June, July, or Aug.; division of seedlings to "
"
plants
in
Oct.
permanent or April.
to Oct.. la G. olegana, white, June SPECIES: ANNUAL 12 to 18 in., Asia Minor. Tiscosa, rose, fragrant, summer,
188
to
18
in., Caucasus;
ENCYCLOPEDIA flowers
OF
GARDENING.
" keep soil quite dry from time foliage turns yellow till time, weak twice weekly to liquid manure repotting once or -^wly 45" to plants in flower. Temp., greenhouse species,Sept. to March to Sept. 55" to 65"; Sept. to March 55", March 55" to 65", March to Sept. 65" to 75" tor stove species. Bulbs flower best when only repotted four years. at potting Propagate by offsets removed every three or time " placed in small pots in similar soil as for old bulbs. STOVE H. SPECIES : oinnabarium, red, April, 1 f t. ; ooooinens, scarlet, 1 ft.; moltiflorus autamn, (Sya. Kalbreyeri),scarlet, April, 1 ft. GREENHOUSE SPECIES: H. Katharinss, red, spring, 1 ft.; natalensie, green, 1 ft. purple and yellow, Feb., 1 ft. ; puniceus, orange-scarlet, snmmer, Halesia. Ord. (Silver-bell; Snowdrop-tree). Styracaceae.Hardy First introduced Deciduous. 1756. floweringtrees. CULTURE: Soil, deep sandy loam. Position, sheltered borders, shrubberies, or lawns. Prune into shape after Plant, Oct. to Feb. doors flowering. Propagate by cuttings of roots inserted in sandy soil outin March Oct. ; by layering shoots in Oct. or Nov. or SPECIES CULTIVATED: H. tetraptera (Snowdrop Tree), white. May, 15 to 20 ft., N. Amerioa. Halimodendron (Salt-tree). Ord. Leguminosse. Hardy Decidxious. First introduced flowering" orn. foliageshrub. 1779. " downy. Leaves, feather-shaped,whitish CULTURE : Soil, deep sandy. " open borders. Position, shrubberies Prune into shape, Nov. Plant, Oct. to Feb. Propagate by seeds sown Jin. deep in sandy soil outdoors in March or April, cuttings of flrm shoots 4 to 6 in. long inserted in sandy soil outdoors in Oct. " Nov.; layeringin Oct., " by grafting on common laburnum in March standards. to form
fade,
"
"
SPECIES Russia.
OULTITATBD:
H.
Hamamelis
argenteum,
purplisli. May
to
July,
4
to
6
ft.,
Ord. Hamamelidaceae. (Witch Hazel). Hardy Deciduous. First introduced 1736. CULTUBE: Soil, deep rich loam. Position, damp borders or shrubberies " margins of lakes. Plant, Oct. to Feb. Prune into shape Feb. in Oct. or Nov. ; grafting rare Propagate by layeringbranches kind in March. specieson common SPECIES H. OULTITATBD: arboroa, primrose yellow, Deo. to Eeb., 15 ft., Japan; japonioa, lemon yellow, Dec. to Feb., 13 ft.,Japan; japonioa zuocariniana, pale yellow; mollis, yellow, Jan. and Feb., 10 ft.,China; Tirginioa, yellow, Deo. to Feb., N. Amerioa. Hamburgh Parsley (Carum Petroselinum)."See Carum. Ord. HaplOCarpha. Compositse. Half-hardy perennial. First introduced 1883. CULTURE: Soil, sandy loam. Position, sunny, dry, and welldrained border. Plant, April. Propagate by seeds sown in temp. 55" in spring;^ also by cuttingsinserted in temp. 55" in spring; or in cold frame during summer. "
floweringshrubs.
"
SPECIES Afrioa.
CULTIVATED:
H.
Leitohlinii,yellow
and
purple,
snmmer,
1
ft.. S.
Hardenbergfia Australian (Australian Sarsaparilla-tree ; Lilac). Ord. Leguminosse. Greenhouse flowering twining plants. First introduced Evergreen. Nat. S. Australia. 1790. CULTURE: Compost, equal parts loam " peat, little silver sand. Position, pots, with shoots trained to trellis,or planted out in beds, " shoots trained up rafters. Pot or Water plant, Feb. or May. to Sept.,moderately at other freelyMarch times. Prune straggling plants into shape in Feb. stimulants Apply weak occasionallyto "
190
ENCYCL0PJ3DIA
healthy plants March
40"
to
flower.
lu
Temp., Propagate by
50".
OAUDBNING.
OF March seeds
Sept. 55" to 65";
to
deep
^m.
sown
Sept. to
in well-drained
of light sandy soil in tings or temp, of 55" to 65" in March April; cutof firm young shoots, 2 to 3 in. long, inserted in well-drained pots oi sandy peat under bell-glassin temp. 55" to 65", March to July. SPECIES CULTIVATED: H. 10 ft.; jnonophylla, oomptoniana, . iMarch, purple, r i , . y purple, April, 8 to 10 ft. Hard Fern (Lomaria Spicant). See Lomaria.
pots
"
Hare-bell
(Campanula rotundifolia). See Campanula. "
_Hare's-ear." Hare's-foot Hare's-tail Haricot
See
Bupleurium. Fern See Davallia. (Davallia canariensis)." Grass See (Lagurus ovatus). Lagurus. "
Bean
Harlequin Harpalium."
(Phaseolus vulgaris,.
Flower See Musk
Harrison's
See
Phaseolus. See Sparaxis. (Sparaxisgrandiflora)." Helianthus. (Mimulus moschatus Harrisoni). See Mimu"
"
lus.
Fern
Hart'S-tOnsue
(Seolopendrium vulgare). "
See
Scolo-
pendrium. Cactus
Hatchet
See Peleoyphora. (Pelecyphoraasseliformis). strawberry (Pragaria elatior). See Pragaria. Beard (Crepisaurea). See Crepis. Weed (Hieracium aurantiacum). See Hieracium.
HautboiS Hawl('s
"
"
"
Hawk
"
Haworthla.
succulent-leaved
Ord. Liliaoese. Greenhouse First introduced foliage. Nat. S. Africa. "
1720. Plowers, plants. Orn. " Leaves, variegated. t ransparent, greenish. fleshy, warty broken CULTURE bricks, mortar : Compost, equal parts light loam, rubbish " river sand. Position, well-drained pots in light greenhouse shaded from or sun. Pot, March moderately April to April. Water times. other only when Repotting necessary Sept.,occasionally 60" to 65"; to March of ill-health. show Sept. Temp., signs plants
Sept.
to
50"
March
.well-drained pots
Aug.
; SPECIES
1
by
CULTIVATED 3
in.; attenuata,
in
pans
placed
suckers
1-16 in. deep in Propagate by seeds sown to above compost in temp. 65", March for advised small " treated as plants. pots
55".
to
or
:
in
H.
albicans, 3 to 4 In. ; araohnoides, 3 in. ; atrovirens, 3 in.; tortuosa, 2 in.;
in.; margaritifera,3 in.; Keinwardtii,
visooaa, 2 in. Hawthorn
(Crataegusoxyaoantha). See Crataegus. Fern semulum). See Nephrodium. Hay-scented (Nephrodium See Hazel Corylus. (CorylusAvellana). "
"
"
See Erica. Heath. Heather (Calluna vulgaris). See John'S-wort St. Heath-leaved "
"
Hypericum.
Calluna.
(Hypericum coris)."See
(Aster ericoides). See Aster. (Nandina domestica). See Nandina. Selaginaceae. Half-hardy annual.
Starwfort
Heath-leaved Bamboo
Heavenly
"
"
Ord. borders. Sow Position, sunny CULTURE: Soil, good ordinary. off in " harden seedlings early May, plant s"eds in heat in March, Seeds may also be sown 12 to 18 in. apart in groups. out late in May middle of April. thinly where required to flower about the white and 18 in., 8. scarlet, H. enmmer, oomoaa, CULTIVATED: SPECIES
Hebenstretia.
Hedera Bhrubs.
"
(Ivy). "
Orn.
foliage.
Ord.
Araliaceae.
Flowers,
green; 191
Hardy Oct.
evergreen
to Nov.
climbing
Leaves, green,
ENCYCLOPEDIA
purplish, or variegated with yellow reddish golden; winter. orange, OUTDOOR kinds
walla
white.
"
Berries,
purplishblack,
Soil, ordinarjrrich. Position, green-leaved aspects, railings, tree stumps, arbours,
CULTURE:
against
GARDENING.
OF
all
of
banks shade " under of trees; variegated kinds against walls or fences. Plant, Sept., Oct., Nov., Feb., March, or April. Peg shoots to surface of soil when first planted in any position. Prune April, cutting off old leaves " straggling shoots. if vigorous growth is Water Apply stimulants freelyin dry weather. desired. POT CULTURE ; Compost, two parts loam, one part leaf-mould or " sand. Position, well-drained pots iu unheated decayed manure Water March. windows. or Pot, Oct. or greenhouse, balconies into shape,April. Prune moderately Oct. to March, freelyafterwards. only. Apply stimulants to established plants iu summer above. HANGING BASKETS: as same Plant, Oct. or Compost, Water March. Position, unheated greenhouses, balconies or windows. afterwards. to Sept. April,freely moderately
trellises,on south
or
west
IN
SCREENS
drained,
ROOMS: Compost trained to wire
Position, boxes, wellPlant, Oct. or
above.
as
shoots
with
or
wood
trellis.
times. other to Oct., occasionally moderately March nary ordiin. iu inserted firm shoots to 8 6 of long Propagate by cuttings soil at base of north wall or fence, Sept. to Nov., in well-drained iu Oct., or in temp. 55" to 65", Sept. to Nov.; tree pots in cold frame common " variegatedkinds by cleft grafting on speciesiu temp. 55" in Water
March.
Feb.
(ivy),green, Europe, N. Africa and N. Asia. arboresoens algeriensis,green; (Tree Ivy), and canariensis ilrish Ivy), green clirysooarpa, green; variegated forms; green "onglomerata, green ; cuspidata minor, purplish green ; deltoides, purple bronze ; donerailensls, purplish brown ; gracilis, purplish bronze ; ; digitata, dark green and lobata lucida. green yellow; marginata, white and reddish major, deep green; red ; marmorata, white ; palmata, and creamy pink ; marginata rubra, green rosy large; rhombea, purplish ; rte-gneriana(Giant Ivy), deep green, purpurea, green; green ai^ white; saggittcefolia,green and bronze; variegata, green and white; maderensia variegata, silvery. Cactus." See Echinocactus. Hedge-hos Holly HedErehOg: (Ilexaquifolium ferox). See Ilex. Pink Hedg^e (Saponariaofficinalis).See Saponaria. Hedychium (Fragrant Garland-flower). Ord. Scitaminaceae. 1791. First introduced " greenhouse herbaceous Stove perennials. SPECIES VARIETIES
Helix
H.
CULTIVATED:
Helii
H.
CULTIVATED:
"
"
"
Flowers
fragrant. of loam " one of sand. two : Compost, parts peat, one Position, well-drained pots, tubs or boxes, or planted in beds in stove or warm greenhouse. Pot plants may be stood outdoors July to Aug. or Pot, March April. Water freely April to Nov., occasionallyother twice a week to plantsin flower. times. Temp., Apply liquidraauure CULTURE
50" to 55"; 60" to 70", Nov. to March 45" to Nov. 65 "^ to 75", Nov. to March down flower stems Cut 50". immediately after flowering. H. Plant, May, ^ardnerianumadapted for outdoor culture in summer. when rich soil. Water in freelyin dry weather. Apply liquidmanure Lift roots in Oct. " store in frost-proof in flower. place till plauting time. Propagate by division of rhizomes (creepingstems) in March or
stove
species,March
to
Nov.
greenhouse species,March
to
April. STOVE
SPECIES:
fiavum, yellow,
summer,
H.
ooronarium,
white,
3 ft.
192
summer,
5
ft., India;
coronarium
ENOrOLOPJ^JjlA GREENHOUSE
SPECIES:
OF
H.
GARDENING.
gardiierianum. lemon-yellow,
summer,
i
ft.,
Himalayas,
Hedysarum
(French Honeysuckle). Ord "
perennialherbs CULTUKE
and Soil
:
slopesfor
shrubs.
First
ordinary.
dwarf
introduced
Leguminosae. Hardy
1596.
Position, sunny
rockeries, banks,
or
species; sunny Plant, Oct., March, or April.
well-drained for tall species. borders Cut down pagate Proflower stems in Oct. seeds in. sown outdoors in lings seedJ by deep April,transplanting in June to final position;division of roots, Oct. or April. PERENNIAL SPECIES: H. ooronarium (Frenoh Honeysuckle), red, summer, 3 to 4 ft., S. Europe; ooronarium album, wliite; Mackenzi, rosy purple, June, 2 to 3 ft.,N. Amerioa. SHRUBBY SPECIES: H. multimioro-oalyx, purple, June, 3 It,, Himalayas; jugum, red, June, i ft.,Mongolia.
Hedyscepe Stove palm, (Umbrella Palm)." Ord, Palmaceae, foliage. A good'room plant. Leaves, feather-shaped, green. CULTURE " peat, little silver sand. : Compost, equal parts loam Position, well-drained Pot, Feb., March, or pots in shady plant stove. to Oct., moderately afterwards. April. Water freelyMarch Syringe twice dailyMarch to to Sept, 70" to 85" ; Sept. or Sept, Temp,, March 60" to 65". March in. 1 seeds in in sown soil, Propagate by deep light Oi-n.
temp. 70"
to
80", in
Feb.
SPECIES CULTIVATED: Howe's Island.
Helen-flowrer
or
H.
March. oauterburyana
(Syn. Kentia
oanteriuryana).
(Heleuium autumnale).^See Helenium. (Helen flower; Sneeze-wort; Sneeze-weed).
Helenium
"
positse.Hardy
herbaceous
perennials and
1729. CULTURE OF PERENNIAL well-drained borders. sunny down flower stems in Oct.
SPECIES
annuals.
First
Lord
Ord. Coraintroduced
Soil,ordinaryrich. Position, Plant, Oct., Nov.,.March, or April. Cut :
Flowers exceedingly useful for cutting. in April,transplanting in. outdoors sown Propagate by deep J of in in June roots division Oct. or March. or July; seedlings ANNUAL SPECIES: CULTURE OF Soil, ordinary. Position, in March Sow seeds in patches in borders or April, sunny borders. H. PERENNIAL SPECIES: autumnale, yellow, July to Oct., 3 to 6 ft., N, striatum 1 ft,, autumnale America pumilum, (Syn, Grandioephalum ; autumnale brown, Aug. to Oct., striatum), yellow and brown, 4 ft, ; BigeloTii, yellow and 4 IS Bolanderi, yellow and in., California; ft., California; brown, summer, 2 ft., N. America. Hoopesii, yellow, summer, ANNUAL SPECIES H, setigerum (Syn. Ambyolepis : setigera), yellow, summer, 1 ft., Texas. Helianthemum (Sun Rose; Rock Rose)." Ord, Cistinaceae.
seeds
Hardy flowering shrubs.
Evergreen.
banks CULTURE Position, sunny : Soil, light sandy. into shape, March. Plant, Oct., March, or April. Prune
by
seeds
shoots,
rockeries.
Propagate in April;
deep in bed of light soil outdoors in. long, inserted in well-drained pots of sandy Aug. or Sept.; division of plants in Oct. or April.
1-16 in.
sown
cuttingsof
or
1 to 2
in soil in cold frame H. 3 to 4 SPECIES formosum, yellow, June ODLTITATED: ft., Portugal; and its ocymoides, yellow, June, 2 ft., S. Europe; Tulgare, yellow, June, trailingj, and single varieties. double numerous HelianthUS (Sunflower;Jerusalem Artichoke). Ord. Composite, "
Hardy
annual
edible, CULTURE borders.
or
OF Sow
perennialherbs; ANNUAL J in.
seeds
tubers
of
Jerusalem
Artichoke
SPECIES : Soil, ordinary. Position, sunny in where April plants are to llower, or deep 193
u
ENOTOLOP^DIA
OF
OAEDENING.
in pots in temp. 55" to 65" in April,transplantingseedlingsoutdoors in June. Apply stimulants occasionallywhen flower buds form. tion, PosiOF PERENNIAL SPECIES : Soil, ordinary ricli. well-drained borders. Plant, Oct.. Nov., or April. Cut sunny down flower stems in Oct. Water in dry weather. Apply stimulants w hen show flower buds. occasionally Replant every third year. plants CULTURE
CULTURE
OP
ARTICHOKE: Soil, ordinary rich. Feb. or March, placing tubers 6 in. shady. Plant, " in. 12 in ft. asunder. 3 rows deep apart Earth-up when stems are 6 in. high. Lift tubers in Nov. " store in sand or dry soil in outhouse, leave in ground " dig as required. or Pbopaoate annual " perennial speciesby seeds sown J in. deep in outdoors in March or place April; perennials by division of roots, sunny Oct., March, or April ; Jerusalem artichoke, by tubers treated as above. 6 to 10 ft., ANNUAL SPECIES annuus (Common : H. Sunflower), yellow, summer, N. America; argophyllus, yellow, G ft., N. America; debills oucumerifolius, yellow,
Position, open
3
JERUSALEM
or
to 4 ft. PERENNIAL
4 to 6 ft., SPECIES: H. deoap^talus, sulpbnr yellow, summer, multifloruB multiflorua, yellow, July, 4 ft., N. Amerioa; maximus, largeflowered; multiflorus flore-pleno, double-flowered; orgyalis, yellow, Aug., 6 ft., N. Amerioa; rigidus (Syn. Harpalium rigidum), yellow, Aug., 5 ft., N. America; tuberosus (Jerusalem Artiohoke), yellow, 6 ft., N. Amerioa. HeliChrysum (Everlasting-flower;Immortelle-flower).Ord.
Canada;
"
Half-hardy annuals, hardy
Compositae.
shrubs. CULTURE SPECIES OF ANNUAL Sow seeds in gentleheat in March, " in April. Gather flowers for winter
perennials,and
greenhouse
: Soil,ordinary. Position, sunny plant out in May ; or sow outdoors decoration directlythey are fully
expanded. CULTURE OP PERENNIAL well-drained borders. in Oct. flower stems Gather
sunny
SPECIES
:
flowers
Soil, rich loam.
March for winter
Plant,
or
April.
decoration
Poisition, Cut
when
down
fully
developed. SHRUBBY SPECIES: HARDY Sbil, rich loam. summit well-drained borders of rockery. Plant, on in very severe weather. Protect Sept. or Oct. SPECIES two GREENHOUSE OF : Compost, CULTURE parts peat, tion, Posi" one part of equal proportionsof leaf-mould, charcoal, " sand. in Feb. or March. Pot Water freely firmly greenhouse. sunny in summer, Temp., 45" to 50" in winter; moderately other seasons. doors out55" to 60" other seasons. Propagate hardy speciesby seeds sown in spring; greenhouse species in April or cuttings in cold frame in spring. by cuttings in fine sand under bell-glass mer, SPECIES: H. braoteatum ANNUAL (EverlastingFlower), colours Tarious, sum3 to 4 ft.,Anstralia. arenarinm SPECIES: H. PERENNIAL (Yellow Everlasting),yellow, summer, CULTURE
OF
Position, sunny
C
in., Europe. SPECIES: H. Stteolias,yellow, 1 ft.,summer, SHRUBBY SPECIES: H. humile SHRUBBY GREENHOUSE (Syn. Aphelexis to
12
HARDY
3
summer,
ft.,S. AfriOa.
(False Plantain). Ord. Scitaminacece. perennials. Orn. foliage. First introduced stripedwith black, green, " yellow. ; stem
Heliconia green
CULTURE
peat, Feb.
" or
Europe. humilis), piiilc,
"
:
sand.
March.
ceous Stove herba1786. Leaves,
two parts fibrous loam, one part leaf-mould, Position, pots in shady part of plant stove. Pot,
Compost, Water
freelyMarch 194
to
Sept., moderately Sept. to
ENCYCLOPEDIA
Nov.,
OF
GARDENING.
Nov. to March. Syringe daily March Sept. 65" to 75" ; Sept. to Nov. 60" to 70" 65". Propagate by division of roots in Feb. or
Feb.
none
to
to
Sept. Temp.,
Nov. to Feb. 55*^ to March. SPE0IE8 OITLTIYATED H. anreo-striata, green : and yellow leaves, 3 ft.. New Britain red J illnstris, green and leaves, 3 ft.; Sanderi, variegated, 3 ft. Heliophila (Cape stock; Sun Cress)." Ord. Cruciierro. Hardy annuals. Nat. S. Africa. First introduced 1774. ;
_
CTJLTUEE:
Soil, ordinary.
Water in dry weather. boxes of lightsoil in or outdoors end of May, flower. SPECIES
Position, sunny
Propagate by
seeds
well-drained
borders.
1-16 in.
deep in jpans temp, of 55" in March, transplantingseedRngs similar depth in April where or plants are ^o
OULTIVATED:
sown
H.
and amplexioaulis, white purple, summer, 9 in 2 ft. ; pilosa, blue, summer, 6 to 12 in. HeliopsiS Ord. (North American Compositse. Hardy Ox-eye)." herbaceous perennials and annuals. First introduced 1714. OTJLTUEE: Soil, ordinary rich. well-drained Position, sunny borders. Plant, Oct., Nov., March or April. Cut down flower stems in Oct. Water in dry weather. Apply stimulants occasionallywhen show flower buds. in plants Propagate annual species by seeds sown heat in spring" planted out in sunny place outdoors in May ; perennial
ooronopifolia,bluish
speciesby SPECIES 3
division
of
CULTIVATED
summer,
plants,Oct., March, H.
or
April.
(Syn. Helianthus oordatus),yellow, summer, 5 ft., N. America, perennial. Isevis,yellow, autumn,
:
ft.,Peru, annual;
"
'
white,
oanesoens
Heliotrope Heliotropium
(Heliotropium peruvianum). See Heliotropium. Cherry Pie; Turnsole)."Ord. Bora(Heliotrope; 1757. First introduced ginaceae. Greenhouse flowering shrub. Flowers, fragrant. CULTTJEE : Compost, equal parts light loam, leaf -mould " sand "
.
trained to Position, pots or beds, with shoots growing loosely or beds outdoors trellis,walls, pillarsor rafters in greenhouse; in sunny in pots in windows. Plant June doors, outto Sept.,or Pot, Feb. to May. Lift " to Oct., June. freely March repot, Stept. Water to healthy Apply liquid or artificial manure old plants in closelyin Feb. Training : Nip also lateral shoots when dwarf 3 in. long to form ofE points of main, shoots main when in. 12 long, " side shoots when plants; points of 2ft. shoots when 3 to 6 in. long, to form pyramids; points of main long, " of lateral shoots at apex when 3 to 6 in. long all side shoots to standards. to be removed within 4 in. of apex altogether to form Oct. 60" Pot plants do to 70"; to Feb. 50" to 55". Temp., Feb. to Oct. or best in cold frame positionoutdoors July " Aug. Propagate sunny in well-drained 1-16 in. deep pots or pans of lightsoil in by seeds sown of shoots 2 to 3 in. long inserted temp. 65" to 75" in March ; by cuttings in or bell-glass, in pots of sandy soil under propagator in temp. 65" to
moderately afterwards. Prune plants in flower.
"
"
75" in March, SPECIES 6
April,Aug.,
CULTIVATED:
ft., Peru;
numerous
Helipterum
Compositae. Hardy
H.
or
Sept.
peruvianum,
blue
and
white, spring to winter, 1 to
varieties.
Everlasting;Immortelle-flower).Ord. (Australian "
annuals.
Nat.
W.
Australia.
First
introduced
1863. : Soil,light rich. Position, OF H. HUMBOLDTIANUM CULTURE seeds sown borders. by Jin. well-drained Propagate deep in sunny well-drained pots of light soil, in temp. 55" in March, transplanting end of May or early in June. outdoors
seedlings
195
h2
EXC'YCLOP.EDIA
OF
GARDEN
G.
IN
MANGLESII EOSEUM: Soil, ordinary. AND Sow borders. seeds Jin. deep in light sandy to 65^^ in March or April,harden ofi in May, " plant when " dry thoroughly in out in June. Gather blooms fully grown, for winter decorations. summer POT CULTURE: Compost, equal parts sandy peat, leaf -mould, Sow seeds thinly in shallow or loam, " decayed cow-manure. pan for box in temp. 55" to 65" in Sept. for spring flowering," in March summer blooming. Transplant when three leaves have formed, several rately modeshelf near 1 in. apart in a 5-in. pot. Grow on glass. Water stimulants week weak a once at first; freely later on. Apply with stakes when neat 3 to when in. 6 are seedlings high. Support 45" 55". Winter to shade 6 in. high. No temp., required. )mmboldtiaiium mer, H. SPECIES CULTIVATED (Syn. H. Sandfordi),yellow, sum; 1 ft., Australia Manglesii), rosy pink and yellow, 1 Manglesii (Syn. Kliodanthe 12 to 18 in., Australia; vc-ieum roseum), rose, Bummer, (Syn. Acroclineuni Kummer, 2 ft.,Australia; roseum album, wnite. Hellebore (Helleborusniger)."See Helleborus. Helleborine Epipactus lati(Cephalanthera grandiflora and CULTURE
OP
Position, sunny soil in temp. 55"
H.
beds
or
folia). See Cephalanthera and
Epipactus.
"
Rose; (Hellebore; Christmas Hardy perennials. Evergreen Europe (Britain),Asia. Helleborus
Ranunculaceae.
Rose). Ord.
Lenten
"
deciduous.
"
Nat.
Position, shady wellOUTDOOR CULTURE; Soil, rich loamy. drained east border. Plant, Oct., Nov., " March, 12 in. apart. Mulch in April. Water with well-decayed manure freelyin dry weather.
Sept. Lilt " replant every hand-lights,cloches, or frames, or cover
occasionallyMay
Apply liquidmanure
with when
Protect five or six years. with surface of bed moss
in
bloom.
to
soil
Manure
freelypriorto
planting. part decayed to temp. 40^ to greenhouse Lift fresh plants annually for pot culture, replanting 50". Pot, Oct. Water in April or May. outdoors moderately. Size of pot old ones iin. deep in for single plants, 6 to Sin. Propagate by seeds sown Oct. or March, transplanting shallow boxes of sandy soil in cold frame CULTURE
POT
:
Position, cold frame,
manure.
parts iibry loam,
two
Compost,
one
heated
or
of roots in July. Jan. to March, 1 ft., purplish green, SPECIES and April, 18 in., S. Europe, Caneaeus; atrorubens, purple, March Caucasus; oaucasious punotatus, reddish purple ; colchicus, deep purple, Jan. to Maroh, 18 in., and foetidus purple, Feb., 2 to 3 ft., (Stinkingf Hellebore), green Asia Minor; nieer March, 18 in., Corsica; (Christmas Ros^, white lividua, green, Britain; when
seedlings outdoors
a
H.
CULTIVATED:
6
winter,
to
in.,
15
old;
year
by division
absohasicus,
Europe, and
its
Tarieties
altifolius
or
maximus
(white and
(Fragrant Hellebore), purple), augustifolius (white), and major (white); odorus Maroh, 18 in., Hungary ; olympicus, purple, Feb. to April, 1 to 2 ft., green, its and orientalis (Lenten Ilose), rose, Feb. to May, 1 to 2 ft., Greece: Greece; varieties, guttatus (white), and sub-punctatus (white and green), viridis (Green in trade varieties will be found March, 18 in., Europe. Many Hellebore), green, lists.
See Acomtum and Scutellaria. Helmet-floweri See Orchid. Helmet Coryanthes. Hardy Helonias (Stud-flower). Ord. LiliacesB. "
"
"
perennial.Nat. CULTURE
:
N.
America.
Soil, sandy
loam
First "
introduced
herbaceous
1758.
ders peat. Position, moist, shady bor-
margins of lakes or ponds. Plant, Oct., March, or April. 1-16 in. deep in a well-drained pan of sandy Propagate by seeds sown division of roots. Out. or in March frame or cold in April ; shady peat or
March. 196
MNOYOLOVMDIA
OF
GARDENING.
Herb-ChristopKer (Actaeaspicata)."See Actaea. Herb-Lily (Alstromeria aurea)."See Alstromeria. Herb-Louisa
(Lippiacitriodora).See Lippia. (Euta graveolens)."See Kuta. See Euta. Herb-Of-Repentance (Euta graveolens)." Herb Paris Paris. See (Parisquadrifolia)." Herb Patience (Eumex patienta)." See Rumex. Herb-Twopence (Lysimachia nummularia). See Lysimaeliia. Herminium trial (Musk Orchis)."Ord. OrchidacesB. Hardy terres"
Herb-Of-Grace
"
orchid with musk-scented flowers. CULTUEE loam with plenty of chalk or old mortar : Soil,lightturfy and leaf-mould added. Position, sunny rockeries; or in pots in cold Plant wild frame. flowers have roots faded; pot roots in directly earlyspring. Propagate by division in spring. SPEOIES CULTIVATED and yellow, July, 6 in., Britain. monorohis, green : H. Herniaria (Eupture-wort). Ord. Illicebraceae. Hardy perennial Ornamental-leaved. trailing herb. CTJIiTTJEE : Soil, ordinary. Position, sunny or shady rockeries, or "
edgings to carpet-beds, or
as
choice sown
bulbs. 1-16 in.
of
carpetingsurface
of beds
containing
to June.
Propagate by or deep in light sandysoil outdoors, March April; plants,Oct., Nov., March, April or May.
SPEOIES
glabra
for
Plant, Oct., Nov., March
aurea,
CULTIVATED : H. leaves golden.
Heron'S-biil
glabra, leaves
dark
1
green,
in., Europe
seeds sion divi-
(Britain);
(Erodium petrsBum). See Erodium. Fern (Lomaria Spicant). See Lomaria. Thistle (Cnicus Casabonae)." See Cnicus. "
Herringr-bone Herrins-bone Hesperantha
"
(Evening-flower).Ord.
Iridaceae.
"
Greenhouse
Nat. First introduced S. Africa. floweringplants. Deciduous. Flowers 1787. fragant,opening in the evening. CULTUEE : Compost, two or parts sandy soil, one part leaf-mould " little sand. Position, well-drained decayed cow manure, pots in cold till growth begins, then remove to frame, cool greenhouse or window temp. 45" to 55". Pot, Nov., placing five bulbs 3 in. deep in a 5-in. pot. Cover pots with cocoanut-fibre refuse or cinder ashes till growth till flowers begins. Water moderately from time growth commences fade, then gradually withhold, keeping bulbs quitedry from Sept.to Jan. Eepot annually. Propagate by offsets treated as advised for
bulbous
bulbs. CULTIVATED SPECIES and white. May, and red. May, 6 in. brown
Hesperis Eocket). Ord. "
:
10
H.
in. ;
oinnamomea,
pilosa,white
(SweetEocket; Cruciferse.
1597. Flowers, CULTUEE OF
Dame's
white, April and May, 6 in. ; faloatn, and red, April, 6 in. ; radiata, white Violet
;
Dame's
Hardy perennialherbs.
Eocket ; Double First introduced
fragrant.
PEEENNIAL moiat. SPECIES : Soil, ordinary rich beds or borders. Plant, Oct., Nov., March or April. in May. Mulch with decayed manure sionally occaApply liquid manure in summer to double in down varieties. Cut flower stems kinds Lift " replant double second Oct. Propagate every year. Jin.'deep in sunny position outdoors in singlekinds by seeds sown tings April,transplantingseedlingsin June or July; double kinds by cutshoots 3 in. long inserted in sandy soil in shady position of young under haud-li^ht cold frame, Sept. or or or in outdoors, July to Sejpt,, Oct., transplanting in March; also by division of roots, Oct. or March.
Position, sunny
198
BNOTCLOPMDIA
GABDENINO.
OF
PEBBNNIAL
SPECIES matrionalia : H. (Sweet Booket), white or lllao.May to 3 ft,, 8. Europe, and its double white and purple-floweredTarieties; Tiolaoea,purple, April to June, 2 ft.,Asia Uinor. Latter best grown as a biennial.
July,
2
to
Hessea. Ord. Amaiyllidacese. Greenhouse bulbous flowering plants. Deciduous. Nat. Cape of Good Hope. First introduced 1774. CULTURE : Compost, two parts sandy soil,one part leaf-mould or little " sand. decayed cow manure, Position, well-drained pots in cold to frame, cool greeflhouse,or window till growth begins,then remove 5-in. in in. a bulbs 3 temp. 45" to 55". five Pot, Nov., placing deep pot. Cover pots with oocoanut-fibre refuse or cinder ashes till growth till flowers begins. Water moderately from time growth commences fade, then gradually withhold, keeping bulbs quitedry from Sept. to Jan. Eepot annually. Propagate by offsets treated as bulbs. "
SPECIES 10 in.
CULTIVATED
;
H.
orispa, pink,
summer,
Heuchera (Alum-root; American Hardy perennialherbs. Flowering "
3 in.
;
Sanicle). Ord. "
orn.
yellow, Aug.,
gemmata,
foliage.
Saxifragacese.
First
introduced
1656.
CULTUEE : Soil, ordinary light rich soils. Position, open sunny well-drained
peaty ; not suited for clay borders. Plant, Oct., Nov., March to March, or April. Propagate by division of roots or crowns, also seeds soil in in cold frames planting transin sown by May; light spring, seedlingsinto small pots,and planting out followingspring. SPECIES CULTIVATED: H. 18 in., N. America; amerioana, red, summer, 1 ft., hybrid; 2 ft., N. brizoides, pink, summer, miorantha, yellow, summer, several pretty 12 to 18 in., Mexico. There America; sangrainea, red, summer, are varieties of this species. HexacentriS. See Thunbergia. Ord. Hibbertia^ Dilleniacese. Greenhouse ing flowerevergreen Nat. Australia. First introduced climbers. 1816. CULTUEE " peat " little sand. tion, Posi: Compost, equal parts loam shoots trained rafters. Pot or or tubs, beds; plant, pots, up Feb. or March. Prune Water abundantly straggling shoots, Feb. March to Sept., moderately afterwards. to Oct., 55" Temp. March 45" to 55". to 75" ; Oct. to March Propagate by cuttingsof moderately in well-drained firm shoots to 3 in. long inserted pots of sandy peat under bell-glassin temp. 55" to 65", April to Aug. CULTIVATED 10 ft. ; f asoionlata, yellow, SPECIES : H. dentata, yellow, summer, 3 ft. ; Beadii, yellow, summer, 1 ft. ; volubilis,yellow, summer, 10 ft. summer, Hibiscus Mallow; Eose Mallow; Malabar (Hemp Mallow; Musk vaceae. Eose; Blacking Plant; Eose of Sharon; Althaea frutex). Ord. Mal" hardy deciduous Stove evergreen " shrubs, hardy annuals perennials.Flowering " orn. foliage. First introduced 1596. SPECIESi: CULTUEE OF STOVE Compost, equal parts fibry peat charcoal " sand. " loam, with Position, vi ell-drained pots or beds, Pot or plant,Feb. or March. with shoots trained to wall. Prune into March Feb. Water to afterOct., abundantly shape, moderately warifs. Temp., March to Oct. 65" to 75"; Oct. to March 55" to 65". PEEENNIAL OP SPECIES CULTUEE : Soil, ordinary. Position, border. Cut down well-drained sunny Plant, Oct. or March. stems or
"
"
"
in Oct. CULTUEE beds or flower.
CULTUEE
OF
borders. OF
ANNUAL Sow
SPECIES seeds Jin.
HAEDT
SHEUBBY
Position, sheltered,sunny, after
:
deep
in
April
where
plants are
to
SPECIES : Soil,rich,lightloam. border. Plant, Oct. Prune and dead wood weak only. 199
well-drained
flowering,thinning out
Soil, ordinary. Position,sunny
ENCYCLOPEDIA
OF
GABDENING.
1-16 in. deep in well-drained speciesby seede sown under in pots sandy peat bell-glasstemp. 75" in March, by cuttings in temp; 75" in of firm shoots inserted in sandy peat under bell-glass in March spring or summer, ; perennial speciesby seeds by grafting outdoors in sown April, or division of root in March; annual species seeds directed sown as above; shrubby speciesby cuttings inserted by in sandy peat in cold frame in summer, or graftingin March. SPECIES: H. STOTE Oameroni, rose, July, 4 to 5 ft., Madagascar; ooooineue, 6 esoulentus scarlet, summer, ft,, America or (Okra Gombo), yellow, summer, ; 4 ft.,annual. Tropics; marmoratus, white and rosaspring, 3 ft., Mexico; rose, sinensis (BlackingPlant), crimson, summer, 10 ft., Tropics. ANNUAL SPECIES 2 ft., (Hardy): H. Trionum, yellow and purple, summer,
Peop
stove
ABATE
of
Africa. PERENNIAL
SPECIES
(Hardy) :
and Moflcheutos, white rose, 4 to 6 ft.,N. purple, summer,
H.
summer, America.
3 to militaris,rose, summer, 3 to 5 ft., N. America;
4
ft., U. States
rosea,
rose
;
and
HARDY H. SHRUBBT SPECIES Althsea or : syriaous (Rose of Sharon fnitei), Tarious 6 to several 8 ft., deciduous, oolours, late summer, are Syria. There varieties of this speoies. HALF-HARDT H. 6 to 8 ft., SPECIES; Manihot, yellow and purple, summer, borders. Tropics. Bear from seed in heat in spring and plant out in June in sunny
Hickory Hidalgroa
(Carya alba)."See Carya. Ord. (Climbing Dahlia). Compositae. Half-hardy 1898. climbing perennial. First introduced OUTDOOR CXJLTTJEE : Raise plants from seed or cuttings in heat in spring,and plant out against a sunny trellis or arch late in May. and Water with feed when freely, liquidmanure plantsbegin to bloom Cut down shoots in Sept., lift roots, and place them in pots in a heated "
.
to furnish cuttings in spring. CULTURE GREENHOUSE in equal parts loam and leaf: Grow with sand. and of Water in mould, plenty freely spring summer; little at other seasons. Train shoots up roof. Propagate by cuttings of young shoots in spring. H. Wcrcklei, scarlet and yellow, summer, 12 to 15 ft., SPEOIES CULTIVATED: house
Oosta
Rica.
HieraciUIYI
Hardy
(Golden Mouse-ear;
Hawk-weed).
"
Ord.
Compositse.
perennial herbs.
CULTURE banks elevated : Soil, ordinary. Position, sunny or borders. Plant, Oct. or March. 1-16 in. Propagate by seeds sown or April ; division of roots any time in spring. deep outdoors in March H. SPECIES CULTIYATBD: 13 to 18 in., N. aurantiaca, orange red, summer, Europe.
Hierochloe
(Holy Grass).
Graminea;. Ord. Hardy orn. Inflorescence, chestnut-coloured, fragrant, borne
perennial grasses.
panicles; May
in
CULTURE
margins damp
in
SPECIES
to
"
July.
Soil, ordinary. Position, damp, shady borders, or ponds. Plant, March or April. Propagate by seeds sown :
of
position outdoors CULTIVATED
Himalayan
:
H.
in spring; division of borealis, f to 2 ft.,Europe
HoneySUClcle
plants in March. (Britain).
(Leycesteriaformosa)."See Ley-
cesteria.
Himalayan See
Hound's-tongue
(Lindelofia spectabilis)."
Lindelofia.
Himalayan
Lung:-Wort
Himalayan
May
Himalayan
Poppy
Apple
See (Lindelofiaspectabilis)."
(Podophyllum Emodi)."
See
delofia. Linphyllum. Podo-
(Meconopsis Wallichi)." See Meconopsis. 200
ENOYOLOPMDIA
OF
Himalayan
Primrose Hindsia^ Ord. Eubiaceae. First introduced 1844.
OARDENINO.
See (Primula Bikkimensis)." Stove
"
Primula.
flowering shrubs.
evergreen
CULTURE : Compost, equal parts rough fibious peat, light loam, silver sand " charcoal. Position, well-drained pots in light stove. Pot, Feb. or March. Water wards. freely April to Sept.,moderately afterPrune into shape, Feb. Temp., Feb. to Aug. 65" to 75"; Aug. to Nov. 60" to 70" ; Nov. to Feb. 55" to 65". Propagate by cuttings of firm shoots inserted in well-drained pots of pure silver sand under in temp. 65" to 75" in March June. or bell-glass SPECIES CULTIVATED: H. longiflora,blue, summer, 2 to 8 ft.,Brazil;- and its varieties alba (white); violaoea, -violet blue, May, 3 ft., Brazil. Hippeastrum (Barbados Lily; Knight's Star Lily; Mexican Ord. Lily). Amaryllidacese. Stove bulbous plants,popularlyknown First introduced as 1677. Amaryllises. Deciduous. CULTUEE two : Compost, partsturfy loam, one part river sand " few bones. crushed a Position, well-drained pots in light part of stove. Pot, Jan., burying bulb about two-thirds of its depth. Water freelyfrom time growth begins (about Feb.) until July, when keep when flower spike shows. quitedry. Apply liquidmanure Top-dress " bulbs three four years only. or large annually repot every Temp., 65" to 75"; Sept. to Feb. 50" to 55". Feb. to Sept. Propagate by seeds 1-16 in. deep in well-drained so'in pots of sandy loam in temp. 65" to 70" in March, placing seedlingssingly in 2-in. pots " keeping them moderately moist all the year round for three years ; by offsets treated old bulbs. as Seedlingsare three years or so before they flower. SPECIES CULTIVATED and orange, winter, 2 ft.,Brazil ; anlioum, orimson : H. 18 in.,Trop. America; and wbite, spring, equestre, red, summer, Leopoldii, crimson 1 ft., Peru; pardiuum, green, yellow and scarlet, spring, 2 ft., Peru; psittacinum, 2 ft., Brazil; Keginse, red and and scarlet, summer, white, spring, 2 ft., orange S. America; scarlet, spring, 1 ft., Brazil; vittatum, crimson or retioulatum, rose and white, spring, 2 ft., Peru. beautiful Numerous than the species, hybrids, more "
will be
found
in trade
HippocrepiS
lists.
(Horse-shoeVetch). "
Ord.
Leguminosae.
Hardy
trailingherb.
evergreen elevated CULTURE rockeries Soil, ordinary. Position, sunny : or 1-16 in. borders. seeds Plant, March or -sown April. Propagate by soil fine in in outdoors in March division or position deep April; sunny of roots in March. H. comosa, SPECIES CULTIVATED: yellow. May to Aug., Europe, Africa, etc.
(Sea Buckthorn; Sallow-thorn).Ord. Elseagnacese. shrub. flowers borne " female Male berry-bearing Hardy to ensure on a separate plants. Both must be grown crop of berries. Hippophae
"
deciduous
Berries, orange;
autumn
"
winter.
" Position, open or shady shrubberies : Soil, ordinary. seaside gardens. Plant, Oct. to Feb. Propagate by seeds sown Jin. deep outdoors in Nov. or Dec; by cuttingsof roots inserted in ordinary soil outdoors; layering shoots in autumn. in Feb. or March H. rhamnoidos, yellow. May, 8 to 12 ft.,Europe. SPECIES CULTIVATED : Hippuris (Mare's-tail). Ord. Haloragacese. Hardy aquatic strap-shaped;in circles perennial. Orn. foliage. Leaves, narrow, the stem. round Position, bogs, pondSi or damp places. CULTUEE : Soil, mud. to June. Plant, March Propagate by division of roots, March. H. vulgaris,8 to 12 in., Europe (Britain). CULTIVATED SPECIES : Holly (IlexHodginsii). See Ilex. HodSin's
CULTUEE inland or
"
"
201
ENOTCLOP^DIA
GABDENINQ.
OF
Holboellia. Cool Ord. Berberidacese. greenhouse flowering climber. First introduced 1846. Evergreen. CULTUEE : Compost, two parts loam, one part of equal proportions of leaf-mould shoots " silver sand. Position, large pots or tubs, trained roof. in Prune weak Water autumn. shoots freely up away winter. in during spring " summer, Syringe freelywhen moderately not in flower. inserted in Propagate by cuttings sandy soil in gentle in spring. heat SPECIES OULTITATBD latifolia (Syn. Stanntonia wKito, fragrant, : H. latifolia), epringf,10 to 20 ft.,Himalayas. HolCUS (Variegated Soft Grass). Ord. Graminaoeae. Hardy orn. perennial grass. Leaves, soft, woolly, green, variegated with silvery white. "
"
CULTURE : Sbil, ordinary. Position, edgings to beds or borders, in clumps in borders. Plant, Oct., March, or April. Propagate l)ydivision of plants in Oct., March, or April. Variegated kind only in gardens. grown SPECIES CULTIVATED lanatus : H. albo-Tariegatna,6 to 12 in., Britain. Holly (Ilex aquifolium).^ee Ilex. Fern Holly (Aspidinm Lonchitis;. See Aspidium. Hollyhock (Althsearosea)." See Althaea. Holly-leaved Barberry (Berberis aquifolium). See Ber
or
"
"
beris.
Holly-leaved
Olive
See (Osmanthus aquifolium illicifolius). "
Osmanthus.
Holly Holm
Holy Holy Holy Holy
Oak Oak
See Quercus. (Quercus ilex). (Querous ilex). See Quercus. Ghost-flowrer (Peristeriaelata). See Periateria. Grass (Hierochloeborealis).See Hierochloe. Rose (Andromeda polifolia).See Andromeda. ". Silybum. See Garbenia Thistle. "
"
"
"
"
"
Homeria.
"
Ord.
Irideso.
Handsome
greenhouse
bulb.
First introduced
1793. CULTURE POT leaf-mould, " sand in equal parts. : Compost, loam, in. in. " 1 bulbs 1 Place apart, deep in 5 in. pots during Sept. " Oct. " in cold with few inches of cocoanut-fibre Stand cover a a frame, to then refuse till growth begins, remove greenhouse. Plant in pots active Water the glass. growth. near Keep nearly dry freelyduring flowers fade to facilitate ripening of bulbs. after Repot annually in autumn.
bulbs 3 to 4 in. deep in light,rich, CULTURE: Plant with Protect border soil in south between Oct. and Jan. a well-drained off rains. offsets ward to litter leaves l)racken or heavy Propagate by at planting time. removed H. oollina (Syn. Mortea CULTIVATED: SPECIES ooUina), red and yellow, spring, red and oollina aurantiaoa, orange, yellow, spring, 1 ft.; elegaus, 1 ft., S. Afrioa; 1 ft., S. and Afrioa; lineata, red and yellow, summer, orange, yellow, brown spring, 1 ft., S. Afrioa; miniata, red, spring, 6 to 8 in., S. Africa. Honesty (Lunaria biennis). See Lunaria. Locust (Gleditschiatriacanthos), See Gloditschia. Honey Honey-plant (Hoya camoaa). See Hoya. See Louicera. Honeysu'Ckle. OUTDOOR
"
"
"
"
Honey-wort. HOOdia.
Flowering
"
"
"
orn.
Ord.
See Oeriuthe.
Asclepiadeaa.Greenhouse
foliage.
First
introduced
leafless. prickly, ^ ^ 202
1874.
succulent
plants.
Stems, cylindrical,
ENCYCLOPEDIA CULTURE bricks to
sun
Compost, equal parts sandy loam,
:
" in
dry
cow
old
Repot every
three
broken
mortar,
pots, fully exposed
Position, well-drained
manure.
greenhouse.
warm
March. Mar.
GABDENING.
OF
in Feb.
four years
or
or
Water
to Oct., keep quite dry Oct. to moderately March pagate Temp., April to Sept. 65 to 75" ; Sept. to April 45" to 55". Proby portionsof fleshystems 3 in. long cut clean at base " laid on shelf to dry for several days, then insert in small well-drained sunny pots of sandy soil in temp, of 55" to 65", April to Aug. SPECIES
yellow and
CULTIVATED: H. Bainii, yellow, Anff., 1 ft,, S. Africa; purple, July, 18 in., S. Africa. (Humulus lupulus). See Humulus.
Gordonii,
Hop Hornbeam Hop (Ostrya carpinifolia).See Ostrya. See P-telea. Hop-tree (Pteleatrifoliata)." "
"
Hordeum Gramineee. Ord. (Squirrel-tailGrass). annual First introduced Nat. N. America. flowering grass. to Sept.; very borne in spikes; June Inflorescence, barley-like, for cutting. CULTURE : Soil, ordinary. Position, open dryish borders. or April in borders where \ in. deep in March by seeds sown "
are
required
SPECIES
Hardy 1782.
useful
gate Propaplants
to flower.
CULTIVATED
2 ft.
Marrubium.
See
"
jubatum,
H.
:
Horehound. Horminum
(Pyrenean Dead-nettle). Ord. 1820. perennial. First introduced CULTURE: Soil, ordinary. Position, open "
Labiatae.
Hardy
baceous her-
well-drained borders. 1-16 in. seeds sown or April. Propagate by roots to division of Oct. March. or April; by 1 ft.,Pyrenees. H. pyrenaioum, blue, summer, SPECIES CULTIVATED: Hornbeam (Carpinus betulus). See Carpinus. Horned Poppy (Glaucium luteum). See Glaucium. Horned Rampion (Phyteuma orbiculare).See Phyteuma. Violet Horned (Viola cornuta). See Viola. Of Plenty Horn (Fedia Comucopiaea). See Fedia. Chestnut Horse (.ffisculus hippocastanum). See .ffisculus. Radish Horse (Cochleariaarmoracia). See Cochlearia. Vetch Horseshoe (Hippocrepiscomosa). See Hippocrepis.
Plant, Oct., Nov., March deep outdoors in March
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
Horse-tail. Hose-in-Hose
See
"
Equisetum.
t"Olyanthus
(Primula
elatior
var.). "
See
Primula.
Fig
Hottentot
(Mesembryanthemum edule). "
See
Mesembryan-
themum.
"
CULTURE in
March
Ord.
aquatic
Hardy
.
Soil, ordinary. Position, margins of ponds " rivulets in or April. Propagate by seeds sown Plant, March
soil in
shallow
water
in March
H.
palustris,lilac
April;
or
division
of
plants
April.
or
CULTIVATED
SPECIES
:
(Britain).
Houlletia.
"
Ord.
introduced
First
CULTURE
Primulaceae.
Testu-
:
bogs.
muddy
"
(Water Violet).
perennialherb or
elephantipes).See (Testudinaria
Bread
Hottentot's dinaria. Hottonia
:
Compost,
Position, baskets
Orchidaceae. 1841. two
Stove
and
yellow, June,
ft., Europe
epiphytalorchids.
green. Ever-
Flowers, fragrant.
parts fibrous peat, one
suspendedfrom
1
roof 303
of
stove.
part sphagnum. Re-basket, Feb. or
ENCYCLOPEDIA March. 70" ; Nov. when
to Sept.,moderately Sept. to March. abundantly March 65" to May, 60" to to 85"; Aug. to Nov. " March Aug. 55" to 65" May, Propagate by division of pseudo-bulbs
Water
Temp., May
to
to
growth
SPECIES
GASDENING.
OF
commences.
CULTIVATED
Brazil; chrysantha, lowiana, yellow and 2 ft., Colombia.
House
Leek
(Senipervivum teutorum).
Houstonia
and
2 ft., ft., Colombia; odoratissima, red, summer,
: H, brookenhurstiana, brown and yellow, chocolate crimson, 1 ft., Colombia; white, summer,
(Bluets).
Ord.
See
"
Rubiaceae.
yollow,summer,
summer,
2
Sempervivum.
herbaceous perenuials. First introduced 1785. CULTURE " sand. : Soil, leaf-mould Position, crevices, nooks, " of moist crannies rockaries. March Plant, or April. Propagate by seeds sown 1-16 in. deep in pans of leaf -mould in cold frame in " sand division of Oct. in Sept. or roots spring or autumn; H. SPECIES CULTIVATED: to July, 2 to 4 in., oarulea (Bluets), blue. May alba, white; Virginia; oierulea longifoiia,hlao, Aug., 6 in., N. America; serpyli3 in., N. America. folia,white, summer, Ord. LeguminosEe. Greenhouse Hovea" green. Everfloweringshrubs. First introduced Nat. Australia. 1818. three parts peat, one CULTURE : Compost, part loam " little silver in sand. Position, well-drained lightairy greenhouse. Pot, Feb. pots off in spring to induce of March. shoots or Nip points bushy young to Water growth. freely April Sept., moderately Sept. to April. 45" to 50". to Sept. 55" to 65", Sept. to March Stand Temp., March from to to mature for outdoors shoots folJuly Sept. flowering seeds 1-16 in. in well-drained sown Propagate by owing year. deep or April; cuttings pots of sandy peat in temp, of 55" to 65" in March in temp. 55" April to July. inserted in sandy soil under bell-glass H. CULTIVATED: Celsi, blue, spring, 3 ft., Australia; longifolis, SPECIES purple, spring, 5 ft., Australia. Ureeuhouse Ord. Palmaceie. HoVtfeEli palms. Elegant plant decoration. Nat. Lord Howe's Island. for hotise Leaves, feather"
Hardy
"
filants
"
shaped, graceful. CULTURE : parts loam " peat, little silver sand. Compost, ec^ual Position, well-drained during pots in greenhouse,or in dwelling rooms summer.
Pot,
to March afterwards.
Sept.
Feb. 55"
or
to
March. Temp., Sept. to March 65". Water moderately, Oct. to
liquidmanure
Apply weak
to
healthy plantsonce
Sept. Syringe plants daily. Sponge once weekly. Propagate by dwelling rooms light soil in temp. 80" Feb. or March. May
to
CULTIVATED:
SPECIES
forsteriana, 6 to
15
H.
belmorcana
(Syu.
45" Feb.
leaves seeds
Kcntia
to ; a
55";
freely week,
of those grown in 1 in. deep in sown
bclmoroana),
6
to
10
ft.,
ft.
Ord. Asclepiadese. Stove (Honey-plant,Wax-flower). PMrst introduced greenhouse climbing floweringplants. Evergreen.
Hoya
"
"
1802. ; Compost, equal parts peat and loam, little charcoal " Position, well-drained pots, beds, or hanging baskets, with round trained trellises,up rafters, or against walls, " fully
CULTURE sand. shoots
to the Water light. Pot or plant Feb. or March. freely to Sept.,moderately Sept. to March. March Temp., stove species,65" to Oct., 55" to 65" Oct. to March; 55" to 75" March greenhouse species, to Sept., 45" to 55" Sept. to March. Prune into shape, to 65" March not be removed stalks of flowers should after blooming,as Foot Feb. of flowers. these will produce a second Propagate by cuttingsof crop
exposed
204
April; division
of
roots
GARDENING.
OF
ENOrOLOPMDIA in
March.
speciesinvariably sows
Annual
itself after first year. japonious (Japanese Hop), 8 to 10 ft., Japan. H. lupulas (Hop), 10 to 15 ft., Europe. Lilac Hungarian (Syringa Josikaea). See Syringa. Hunnemannia. Ord. Papaveracese. Half-hardy herbaceous 1827. perennial. Pirst introduced well-drained der borCULTURE: Soil, ordinary rich. Position, sunny cocoanut-fibre with Protect at base of south wall. Plant, Marchas as soon refuse,tan, or leaves in winter. Propagate by seeds sown ripe in a cold frame, planting out seedlingsfollowingJune. SPECIES CULTIVATED fumarisefolia,yellow, Ang., 2 ft.,Mexico. : H. Elm Huntingdon (Ulmus glabravegeta). See Ulmus. Willow Huntingdon (Salixalba). See Salix. Huntsman's Cup (Sarraceniapurpurea). See Sarracenia. Horn Huntsman's (Sarraceniailava)."See Sarracenia. Huon Pine-tree (DacrydiumFranklini). See Dacrydium. HutChinsia. Ord. Cruciferse. Hardy annuals " perennials. CULTURE Position, open sunny rockeries or margins : Soil, sandy. of borders. March or Plant, April. Propagate annual speciesby seeds ANNUAL
SPECIES
PERENNIAL
H.
:
SPECIES
:
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
sown
grow or
by
slightlycovered with fine soil where plants are required to similarly, or April; perennial speciesby seeds .sown or plants in March April.
in March division of
ANNUAL PERENNIAL
petraea, white, spring, 3 in., Britain. H. alpina, white, spring, 1 in., Alps. (Hyacinthusorientalis). See Hyacinthus. Bean vulgaris). See Dolichos. (Dolichos
SPECIES." H. SPECIES:
Hyacinth Hyacinth Hyacinthus
"
"
(Hyacinth). "
Ord.
Liliaceae.
Hardy
bulbous
ing flower-
1596. plants. First introduced HYACINTHS IN POTS CULTURE OF COMMON : Compost, equal one-sixth river sand. fibrous loam and well-decayed manure, parts in to Feb-, frame outdoors Nov. cinder ashes cold or Position, under Nov. " in window afterwards Dec, placing one or greenhouse. Pot, three in in. 8 in 6 bulb half its depth in. pot or an a only pot. Water afterwards. and when moderately Apply liquidmanure growth begins, After flower spikes form. flowering, plant bulbs occasionallywhen outdoors.
Place bulbs in glassesso that base just IN GLASSES: CULTURE coal; touches water. Water, soft or rain, " little charTime, Nov. to Dec. Put roots in dark form, add fresh as required. positionuntil stimulant needful. Plant bulbs outdoors to light. No then remove after
flowering.
CULTURE
IN
BEDS
Soil, ordinary, enriched
with
manure
vious prein. deep " Protect 8 in. apart, Nov. covering of cocoanut-iibre twice when flower spikesappear. once refuse. or Apply liquidmanure in cool place till planting time. Lift " dry bulbs in June, storingthem ROMAN HYACINTH OF CULTURE : Compost, as advised above. outdoors till rooted, then or Position, pots under ashes in cold frame in heated Pot, Aug., Sept., " Oct., placing greenhouse or window. bulb in a 4 in. pot or three in a 5 in. pot. Depth for planting,1 in. one removed from the ashes, " moderately afterwards. Water only when Temp, when in greenhouse or window, 55" to 65". Bulbs of no use Plant sunny. surface of bed by
Position, open
autumn-
after
:
bulbs
3
to
4
flowering-
CULTURE
OP
SPANISH
HYACINTH 206
:
Soil, light rich.
Position,
ENOYGLOPMDIA well-drained sunny with decayed cow
borders. manure
GARDENING.
OF
Plant, Sept. or in
Feb.
Lift
"
Top-dress annually bulbs replant only when Oct.
show
i in. de"p in Propagate by seeds sown outdoors in cold frame or Sept.; by offsets removed from old bulbs when lifted " planted 6 in. apart each way in Oct. outdoors three years old, and Seedling bulbs flower when attain full size when old. seven years SPEOIES CULTITATED : H. amethystintts (Spanish Hyaointli),blue, spring, 1 ft., Pyrenees; amothystinus orientalis Hyacinth), Tarious albus, white; (Oommon colours, spring, Mediterranean Region; orientalis albulus (Roman Hyacinth), white. ing " hardy flowerOrd. Saxifragaceae.Greenhouse Hydrangea.
signs of deterioration. lightsandy soil in boxes in
"
shrubby plants. First introduced variegatedwith yellow or white.
or
OTJLTTJEE
Leaves, egg-shaped,green
1736.
VARIETIES ; Compost, two " river sand. Position, one parts part well-decayedmanure cool greenhouse, frame, or room, heated Oct. to March; greenhouse dantly abunWater to Oct. or warm window, March Pot, Feb. to March. March to Oct., moderately Oct. to March. or Prune, Aug. Sept., Flowers borne cutting out all weak shoots " such as have flowered. obtained Best blooms shoots of on vigorous previous year'sgrowth. OP
H-
HOETENSIA
AND
rich loam,
plants propagated by cuttings annually in Aug. Apply liquid or manure Temp, for early frequentlyto plants showing flower. 55" 65". to to flowering(Jan. May), CULTURE: OUTDOOR Soil,ordinary rich. Position, shady, welldrained borders. gling stragPlant, Oct., Nov., March, or April. Prune dead shoots in March. or Top-dressannually with decayed cow A good plant for seawhen side in flower. manure. Apply liquidmanure gardens in S. " W. of England. POTS: IN PANICULATA OP H. CULTURE Compost as above. Pot, Feb. greenhouses, or windows. Position, cold frames, uuheated on
artificial
base in to Oct., keep nearly dry Oct. to FebWater Jan. or freely March After March. frequentlywhen showing flower. Apply liquid manure until Nov. flowering, place in sunny positionoutdoors Soil, two parts rich OP H. PANICULATA: CULTURE OUTDOOR or
Prune
March.
previousyear's
part decayed cow shaded, well-drained bed or
turfy loam,
one
shoots
manure
border.
Top-dress annually with decayed manure Apply liquidmanure freelyin dry weather.
to
within
1
in. of
Position, partially Plant, Oct., Nov., or March.
"
river sand.
in
Feb. when
March. flower buds or
Water
appear. advised for pot culture in March. Plant H. petiolaris SPECIES: against a OTHER OF CULTURE species south wall in well-drained border ; it will grow like ivy. Other Blue soil and positionto H. Hortensia. similar in a be grown may be obtained by planting in yellow loam, bog peat, flowers may " one of five ^arts loam part iron in a compost or or clay, solutions a tablethe : Dissolve of one following or Prune
as
filings,
by applying
in a of tablespoonful
spoonfulof
alum
gallonof soft water, and use 12 hours saltpetre" half a tablespoonfulof
afterwards;
of iron afterwards. both hours 24 and use Apply of water, gallons shoots inserted of singly cuttings week. by young Propagate twice a bell-glassin temp. 55" to 65" in 2 in. pots of light sandy soil under firm shoots 2 to 3 in. long of of points cuttings April; or in March in cold frame in Aug. ; by soil of well-drained sandy in inserted pots the thick of common of soft roots or rooted pieces cuttings eraftinff or
one
in three
^
207
oxide
speciesin
65"
of
temp,
a
OABDENING.
OF
ENCrCLOPJFjBIA 70"
to
in Feb., March,
April;
or
division
of
plants in March.
old
SPECIES U. States;
arborcscens, white, fragrant,
H.
CULTIVATED:
white,
aspera,
4
summer,
4
summer,
sinensis, white,
ft., China;
6
to 2
summer,
ft.,
to_6 ft.,
its varieties, 3 to 4 ft., and or Hortensia, white blue, spring and summer, Lindleyi (japonioa), white or blue, otftlcsa,ilesh, stellata, pink, rose, or pale blue, Thomas Hogg, white, and tricolor, leaves variegated; involuorata, rosy lilao or 4 to 6 ft.,Japan; 6 to 10 ft., Japan; paniculata, white, summer, pink, summer, and grandiflora), larger-flowered;petiolaris, (Syn. floribunda paniculata hortensia quercifolia,white, July, 4 to 6 ft., Florida; Thunwhite, June, climbing, Japan; 3 ft., Japan. or bergii, rose blue, summer,
China;
(Frog-bit). Ord. Hydrocharidaceae. Hardy
Hydrocharis
tic aqua-
"
floating. perennial. lets. OULTUEB Position, shallow : Soil, muddy. ponds, lakes, or rivudetached shoots Plant, March or April- Propagate by creeping Stems
from
plant "
inserted
in mud
CULTIVATED
SPEUIES
under
water
Morsus-Ranse,
H.
;
in March
April.
or
white,
and
green
Europe
summer,
(.Britain).
Hydrocleis. introduced
Alismaceae.
Ord.
"
Hardy aquaticperennial.
First
1831.
Position, CULTURE : Soil, two parts loam and one part leaf-mould. below Plant in. 6 in tubs sunk shallow or ground. ponds sunny, in In cold districts plants best wintered in March. of water surface rich soil sunk seeds in of pots by greenhouse. Propagate frost-proof in water
or
July
division
Sept., Buenos
to
of roots
CULTIVATED
SPECIES
:
in
spring. Humboldtii), yellow,
(Syn. Limnooharis
Commersonii
Ayrcy.
Hymenocallis. bulbous
H.
"
plants.
Amaryllidaceae. Stove
Ord.
Evergreen
"
"
First
deciduous.
greenhouse 1758.
introduced
Flowers, fragrant. CULTURE: and
Compost,
loam,
parts sandy
two
one
decayed
part
half a part silver sandPosition, well-drained pots in March. stove of " Pot, necessary greenhouse. Repottingpart aunny four three or abundantly April to Sept., only. Water years every Apply liquid moderately Sept. to Dec, keep quite dry Dec. to March. stove for week to twice a species, manure or Sept. Temp, once May manure
to Sept.,55" to 65" Sept. to March; 70" to 80" March greenhouse species, 55" to 65" April to Sept.,45" to 50" Sept. to April. Propagate by offsets from old bulbs in March and treated as above. removed SPECIES: H. maorostephana, white, spring, 3 ft., hybrid; ovata, white, STOVE 1 ft., W. Indies; speoiosa, white, spring, 1 ft., W. Indies. autumn, SPECIES GREENHOUSE : H. calathina, white, spring, 1 ft.,Peru. Filmy Fern)." OrdHymenophyllum (Tuubridge Fern; cate, ferns. Filices. Fronds, feathery, deliStove, greenhouse, half-hardy
membraneous. CULTURE
OF
STOVE
AND
SPECIES;
GREENHOUSE
Compost,
equal parts peat,loam, leaf-mould, charcoal, sandstone, " silver sand. of rockeries,under bell-glasses Position, moist, shady, in damp recesses Water to Oct., moderately March. in cases. Plant, freely March or essential. Shade most Oct. to March. Temp, Syringing unsuitable. 55" 65" to 65" 75" March Oct. to March to to Oct., ; for stove species, to Oct., 55 to 65 Oct. to March; greenhouse species,65" to 75" March to Sept., 45" to 55" Sept. to greenhouse species,55" to 60" March March.
CULTURE
OF
HARDY
SPECIES:
deep, moist, shady frames, pits,caverns, ao8
Compost or
as
tubs;
above. away
Position, from
direct
ENCYCLOPEDIA
light" sunshine. other
times.
Plant, March.
No
CIJLTUEE
OP Water
syringingrequired.
IN
CASES
GARDENING.
freelyin
Protect
in
moderately
summer, severe
weather.
Position, Compost as above. Plant, March. Top-dress with fresh compost rately Water annually in March. freely April to Sept., modeafterwards. "Ventilate case few minutes daily. Propagate by sown surface on of sandy peat in shallow spores with bellpan covered glassin temp. 65" to 75" at any time ; by division of plant at potting
shady window,
not
IN
exposed
EOOMS:
to
sun.
time. STOVE
SPECIES:
H. oaudiotilatum, Chili; chiloensie, dwarf. Chili and Chiloe; Chili; dilatalum Brazil. fosterianum, GREENHOUSE SPECIES: H. flabellatum, Now demissum. Zealand, Malaya; Australia; javanicum, Java; pulcherrimum, New Zealand. HARDY SPECIES: H. tunbridg-ense, Britain; tunbridgense Wilsoni, Norway,
diohotomum,
etc.
;
unilaterale,Britain.
Hyophorbe.
"
First introduced
Ord.
Palmaceae.
Stove
palm-
Orn.
foliage.
Leaves, feather-shaped,deep green. GULTTJRE : Compost, equal parts peat, loam, leaf-mould, " sand. Water Position, shady, moist. Pot, Feb. or March. abundantly March to Oct., moderately afterwards. March to Sept. 70" to Temp., 60" to 65". 85"; Sept. to March seeds 1 in. deep in sown Propagate by 1866.
pots of lightsoil in temp. 85" in MarchSPECIES
CULTIVATED
Islands. Versohaffeltii,5 to 10 ft., Masoarene Rose of Sharon; St. John's-wort; " herbaceous " half-hardy shrubs Tutsan). Ord. " deciduous. perennials. Evergreen CULTURE OP SHRUBBY SPECIES : Soil, ordinary. Position (H. banks under " of shade borders. trees; others in sunny calyciniim)on Prune deciduous Plant, Oct., Nov., Feb., March. species into shape
Hypericum
:
H.
(Aaron's Beard; Hypericineae. Hardy
"
Feb. ; evergreens in April. tion, CULTURE PERENNIAL SPECIES OP : Soil,ordinary,sandy. Posidown borders rockeriesor Plant, Oct. or April. Cut sunny in April. in Oct. stems Propagate Top-dress with decayed manure in soil 1-16 in. deep in sandy positionoutdoors in by seeds sown sunny March; shrubby speciesby cuttings of firm shoots 3 in. long inserted in sandy soil outdoors, Aug. or Sept.; perennialsby division of roots in
April or
Oct.
6 to 18 in., Levant; H. (egyptiacum, yellow, summer, 2 ft., Europe; Asoyron, or (Sweet Amber Tutsan), yellow, summer, Rose of Sharon), 3 ft., Siberia; calyoinum or Wort, (St. John's yellow, summer, 6 to 18 in., 1 ft.. Orient and Britain; Coris, yellow, summer, yellow, summer, empetrifolium, yellow, summer, S. Europe; elatum, yellow, July, 5 ft., N. America; i ft., hircinum 6 to 12 in., Greece; (Goat-scented St. John's Wort), yellow, summer, 2 ft.,Nepaul; moserianum, yellow, summer, yellow, summer, Europe; hookerianum, 18 to 30 in., hybrid; moserianum tricolor,loaves white and rosy carmine; patulum, 2 ft.,Nepaul. 6 ft., Japan; uralum, yellow, summer, yellow, summer, H. nummularium, SPECIES: elodes, yellow, creeping, Britain; PERENNIAL 12 6 to 6 in., Pyrenees; in., 3 to orientale, yellow, summer, yellow, summer,
SHRUBBY Androssemum
SPECIES:
Levant.
green. Ever" greenhouse ferns. feather-shaped. leaf-' SPECIES STOVE : Compost, equalparts loam, CULTURE OF in Position, well-drained pots or hanging baskets mould, " sand. Water March rately modeMarch. to stoveof Pot, Sept., freely shady part to Sept. 65" afterwards. Syringing undesirable. Temp., March
Ord. introduced
HypoIepiS." First
to
Filices. 1824.
Stove
Fronds,
75*; Sept. to March 55" to 65". SPECIES GREENHOUSE OP CULTURE well-drained pans or beds in shade.
:
Compost
Pot, March.
as
above.
tion, Posi-
Water
freely
GARDMNINO.
OW
ENOYOLOPMBIA
to Sept. 55" March to Sept.,moderately afterwards. Temp., March 45" 55". on face surto 65" ; Sept.to March to Propagate by spores sown under of well-drained bell-glass pans of sandy peat " leaf-mould in March. in temp. 65" to 75" at any time ; division of creepingrhizomes H. STOra Amerioa. SPEOIES: rbizomes, creeping Trop. repens, GBEEMHOnSE SPECIES: H. Iiergiana, oreeping rhizomes, B. Africa. house Hypoxis (American Star Grass) Ord. Amaryllidaceae. Greenbulbous-rooted First introduced 1752. plants. Nat. S. Africa. " CULTURE: sand. of leaf-mould Compost, two parts peat, one Position, well-drained Pot, Aug. to Nov., pots, or beds in cold^frame. coveringpots with cinder ashes iu cold frame or greenhouse till growth begins. Water moderately from time bulbs begin to grow until flowers fade, then gradually withhold commences. it, keeping bulbs dry until growth reTemp., Sept. to Feb. 40" to 50"; 50" to 60" afterwards. old bulbs. at pottingtime, " treated as Propagate by offsets,removed SPECIES H. 6 in.; CITLTIVATED: elegane, elegans, yellow and black, Bummer, and liemerooallidea, yellow, spring,8 in.; stellata, white black, spring,6 in.; villosa,yellow, spring, 6 m. See Hyssopus. Hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis). Labiatao. shrub. OrdHyssopus (Hyssop). Hardy evergreen First introduced " aromatic. Shoote 1548. flowers, Leaves, narrow, infused iu water, are largelyused as an expectorant ; also for distilling for yieldingoils for perfumery and flavouringliquors. borders. CULTURE : Soil, ordinary, light. Position, dry, warm Prune into shape April. to May, 12 in. apart each way. Plant, March Gather shoots for medicinal flowers open at any season ; when purposes for distilling. Marketed Average price per by the dozen bunches. 30s. per cwt. dozen. Is. 6a. to 2s-; for distilling, Propagate by seeds 1-16 iu deep outdoors in April,transplantingseedlingsin June sown or July ; cuttings of shoots inserted in ordinary soil " shady positionin April or May; division of roots in Feb., March, Sept. or Oct. OCLTrVATED: to Sept., 1 to 2 ft., S. H. SPECIES otaoinalis, blue, June Europe. Crane's-bill Iberian (Geranium ibericum). See Geranium. "
"
"
"
Iberian Iberian iberis
See Cyclamen. (Cyclamen ibericum).-"
Cyclamen
Iris (Irisiberica). See Iris. (Candytuft). Ord Cruoiferae. Hardy "
" evergreen annuals shrubs. Flowers, fragrant. CULTURE OF ANNUAL SPEOIES : Soil,ordinary. Position, sunny seeds J in deep in patches or lines in March, Sow beds or borders. ing. Aug. or Sept.for spring flowerApril,or May for flowering in summer, Thin out seedlings to 2 in. apart in June. CULTURE: POT Compost, two parts good soil,one part decayed " sandSize of pots, 5 in. in diameter. leaf -mould, Sow seeds manure, Place pots in cold frame till June, then J in. deep in April or May. Thin seedlings to an inch apart in June. stand outdoors. Water rately. modeweak when flowers show. liquidmanure Apply occasionally OP SHRUBBY SPECIES CULTURE : Soil,lightsandy loam. tion, Posiof rockeries fissures or ledges or sunny margihs of well-drained borders. Plant, Oct., March, or April. Propagate annual sunny as above; perennialspeciesby seeds sown 1-16 in. speciesby seeds sown deep in shallow boxes of sandy soil iu cold frame in April; cuttings formed shoots, from 1 to 2 in. long,inserted in well-drained of partially pots in cold frame or in beds under hand-lightoutdoors July to Oct. ; divisionof roots Oct. or March. "
310
ENOYCLOPMDIA ANNIJAL
SPECIES:
I.
OF
amara
GARDENING.
6 in.,Britain; (Bitter Candytuft), white, summer, ooronaria mer, sum(Eooket Candytuft), wMte, 1 ft., 8. Europe; Candytuft), purple, summer, /" ir
hosperiditolia, larger flowered;
amara
1
ft.; umbellata
(Common
i
r
,
several varieties. SHKUBBT SPECIES: I. oorrffifolia, and white. May June, 1 ft., hybrid; gibraltarioa, white or pink. May, 1 to 2 ft., Spain; Pruitii, white. May, 6 in., Sicily; saxatilis (Book Candytuft), white, spring, 3 to 6 in., S. Europe; semperflorens, white, spring, 1 to a ft., S. Europe; sempervirens (Evergreen Candytuft), white, spring, 9 to 12 in., S. Europe; sempcrvirens flore-pleno,double flowered.
Iceland Poppy (Papaver nudicaule)."See Papaver. Ice Plant (Mesembryanthemum crystallinum). See "
Mesem-
bryanthemum. Idesia^
"
Deciduous. trees; male
Ord. Bixiueae. Hardy flowering " orn. foliage tree. in panicles; male Flowers " female borne on separate flowers female Berries, small, purplish orange, green.
black. Leaves, heart-shaped. CTJLTUEE: Soil, ordinary, sandy.
Plant,
Oct.
Feb.
to
Prune
into
Position, well-drained
shape
after
beries. shrub-
flowering.
pagate Pro-
sandy soil in temp. 65" to 75" in by deep firm of 3 to 4 March in. long, inserted in well-drained shoots, ; cuttings under in soil of sandy bell-glass temp. 65" to 75" in March or Sept. pots CULTIVATED: I. polyoarpa, 10 to 16 ft., Japan. SPECIES Ilex (Holly; Paraguay Tea). Ord. Aquifoliacese.Hardy " greenhouse seeds
J in.
sown
in
"
shrubs. Orn. foliage. Flowers, greenish; May " evergreen June; male " female flowers usually borne on separate trees. Berries, with white autumn " winter. dark or Leaves, red; variegated green and used for cabinet or turnery puryellow. Timber, white, making poses. Bark used for making bird Value, Is. to Is. 6d. per cubic foot. lime. sometimes Wood dyed blaek, and used as a substitute for ebony.
weight of wood yield 17,000 plants.
Average will
per
cubic
OULTUBE HARDY SPECIES; OF drained shrubberies, banks, exposed
May
or
foot, 47^ lb.
One
bushel
of
seeds
Soil, ordinary. Position, wellPlant, slopes,etc., or near the sea.
Sept. Prune, Sept.to April.
two HEDGE CDLTUBE : Soil, ordinary, trenched spitsdeep " 3 ft. into wide. Plant hollies (18in. high), 18 in- apart. May or Sept. Trim shape April and Sept. One holly " six thorns; or one Berberis Darhollies per lineal yard make winii " two splendid evergreen hedges. Cost
POT
per lineal CULTCHE:
yard
balconies, Oct.,
"
for
plants " planting.Is.
6d.
to 2s.
Soil, ordinary. Position, window greenhouses. Pot, Sept. Water
moderately afterwards.
dors, boxes, cold corri-
freelyMarch
to
Heat
unnecessary. SPECIES GREENHOUSE CULTURE : Soil,two OP parts loam, one well-drained sand. Position, " pots exposed to full light. part peat in other Water FebMarch. Prune, occasionally freely summer, Pot, 45" 50". 55" to Oct. March to to Oct. to March times. 65"; Temp., common gathered in Nov., buried speciesby seed (berries) 1 then in. until sown in sand deep " 1 in. apart in following Oct., two years old; ordinary soil outdoors, transplantingseedlings when in species Aug.; grafting in variegated kinds by budding on common
I'ropagate
March. SPECIES I. oaasine, red berries, S. U. States ; insignis, 15 to : paraguayeusis (Paraguay Tea), 10 to 15 ft., Paraguay. 10 to 30 ft.,berries red, Europe SPECIES Aquifolium (Common HAEDT : H0II3;), (Britain); oornuta, berries red, 20 to 30 ft., China ; orcnata, 10 to 15 ft., Japan ; glabra (Ink-berry), 2 to 3 ft., berries, 15 ft., Himalayas; dipyrena, brown 20 to 40 ft., U. States. U. States: latifolia, large-leaved, 20 ft., Japan; opaoa, 20
GREENHOUSE ft., Malaya;
211
KNGYGLOPJSDiA
OAllDPNlNa.
OP
aureo-piota, aureo-pumila, pen: Aureo-marginata, aureo-piota and webbiana. Queen, tortuosa SILVER-LEAVED HOLLIES: Argenteo-regina, argenteo-marginata, argenteoargentea, Ingram!, lucida, medio-picta, ferox argenteo-marginata, handsworthiensis Silver Queen, ana or pendula albo-picta. GREEN-LEA VKD HOLLIES: Altaolerensis, angustitolia, balearioa, craasifolia, Hendersonii, (Hedgehog Holly), Foxii, handswortliiana, donningtonensis, ferox heterophylla, Hodginsii (Hodgin's Holly), laurifolia,maderensis, myrtifolia, nobilis and Sheperdii. green Illicium (Aniseed-tree).Ord. Magnoliaceae. Half-hardy ever1771 shrubs. foliage. First introduced Flowering; " orn. Flowers fragrant. Leaves, oblong ; emitting odour of aniseed. GOLDEN-LEAVED HOLLIES dula aureo-marginata, Golden
"
.
" peat. Position, CULTURK : Compost, equal parts sandy loam sheltered shrubberies or against south walls, S. of England in pots in Plant outdoors cold greenhouses or conservatories N. of England.
plants in pots freelyin summer, shape April or May. Propagate by in well-drained firm shoots 2 of to .3 in. long, inserted cuttings young 55" in of of to soil under 65", May to Aug. sandy bell-glass temp, pots
April,Sept.,or moderately
SPECIES
Oct.
Pot, Oct.
in winter.
OOLTIVATED:
I.
religiosum, yellowish white,
Imantophyllum."
"
See
Helipterum. (Balsam) Ord. " perennials.
Impatiens hardy annuals CULTURE
leaf-mould,
Sept
floridanum, purple-red, summer. and 4 ft., China Japan. See Olivia.
"
May,
to
moderately
8
ft,, Florida;
summer,
Immortelle-flower.
zia, and
Water
into
Prune
Geraniacea^.
"
Wait-
Helichrysum, Xeranthemum,
Stove, greenhouse, "
SPECIES OF STOA^E : Compost, equal parts peat, loam, sand. well-drained Position, jjotsin light part of stove Water greenhouse June to Sept. Pot, Feb. or March.
March
to
Sept., occasionallyafterwards.
Temp.,
Oct.
to
55" to 65" ; March 65" to 75". into shape, Feb. to June Prune : OF CULTURE BALSAM (I.Balsamina) Sow seeds J in. deep in light soil in temp. 65" to 75" in March or April. Transplant seedlingssingly into 2 in. pots when 1 in- high. Compost, equal parts loam, leaf-mould, March
"
Transfer Position, near glass in greenhouse, not shaded. 5 in., " then into 6 " 8 in. pots. Apply liquidmanure Water to June, plants showing flower. freely. Temp., March
sand.
from
2 in. into
daily to
55" to 65". June.
May
CULTURE where
be grown
Soil, ordinary. OF
plants are seedlings to
in flower
garden during
Position, sunny
HARDT to
SPECIES
:
borders. Sow seeds
the
Plant
summer.
i in. deep
in
April
Soil, ordinary. Position, sunny
borders. grow. Thin 6 in. apart when 1 in. high. Propagate stove species 1-16 in. deep in lightrich soil in temp. 65" in March; by seeds sown by side shoots inserted in small pots of light sandy soil in temp. of cuttings to Aug. 75" March SPECIES I. auriooma, yellow, summer, STOVE 2 ft., Comoro : Isles ; Hawkeri, 2 ft. ; Sultani, eoarlet, summer, carmine, summer, 1 ft.,Zanzibar. All perennials. GREENHOUSE SPECIES I. Balsamina : (Balsam), rose, soarlet, and white, 2 ft., Trop. Asia. Annual. summer, HARDT SPECIES; I. amphorata, purple, Aug., 5 ft.,Himalayas; biflora (Syn. 3 ft., N. America; fulva), yellow and brown, summer, Hoylei (Syn. glandulifera), 6 ft.,Himalayas. purple, summer, Crocus Imperatl's (Crocus Imperati)."See Crocus.
Imperati's thus. Incarvillea. May be grown OUTDOOR
Snowdrop
(Galanthus
Imperati)."See
Ord. Bignoniacese. Hardy herbaceous in pots in cool greenhouses,as well as outdoors CULTURE: Soil,light, rich, " well drained. "
212
Galau-
perennials. Position,
April. March
freelyMarch
Water to
OABDENING.
OF
ENGYCLOr^DIA to
Oct. 55" to 65"; Oct.
Temp.,
Oct., moderately afterwards. to
45"
March
to
55"-
Stand
plants in
place outdoors June to Sept. SPECIES: OF HAEDT CULTTJEE Compost, equal parts loam, leafbed or border, with shoots Position, well-drained mould, " peat. Prune trained moderately after against S. wall. Plant, Oct. to Feb. flowered. Propagate flowering,removing those shoots only that have J in. deep in well-drained pots of sandy soil in temp. by seeds sown shoots 2 to 3 in. 75" to 85" in Feb. or March; cuttings of firm young in long inserted in pots of sandy peat under bell-glass temp. 65" to 75"
sunny
May
to
Sept.
STOVE
I. tinotoria
SPECIES:
red, (Indigo),
4 to 6 ft.. Tropics. spring, 4 ft.,Australia; australis
summer,
SPECIES: I. aastralis, rose, GBEENHOUSE alba, white. SPECIES HARDY : I. gerardiana, red, summer,
6 ft.,Himalayas. See Baptisia. (Baptisiatinctoria). Stock (Matthiolaannua). See Matthiola.
Indigo-plant
"
In'termedlElte
"
ceous Compositae. Hardy herba(Flea-bane; Elecampane). perennials. ders. OULTTTRE Position,moist sunny beds or bor: Soil,ordinary rich. flower in down stems Cut or April. Plant, Oct., Nov., March, in with manure by Oct. April. Propagate well-deoajred Top-dress 1-16 in. deep in partially seeds sown shady border outdoors in April;
Inula
Ord-
"
March. ensifolia,yellow, Aug., 10 in., S. Europe; glandolosa, grandifloia, yellow, July to Sept., 2 ft.,Himalayas; yellow, Aug., 2 ft.,Canoasus; yellow, Hookeri, Helenium (Elecampane), yellow, July to Sept., 3 ft., Europe; Ooulus-Onristi (Christ'sEye), yellow, summer, Aug. and Sept., 2 ft.,Himalayas; 18 in., Europe. Cress). Ord. Crulonopsldium (Carpet-plant;Violet-flowered 1845First introduced ciferes. Hardy annual. CtrLTTJBE OtfTDOOR : Soil,ordinary. Position,ledgesof rockeries beds. Sow seeds where flower to or as plants are to grow in edgings mould. with fine April,justcovering POT CULTURE: Compost, equal parts loam, leaf-mould, " sand. Position,shady window, cold frame, or greenhouse. Sov/ seeds 1-16 in. division SPECIES
of roots, Oct. CULTIVATED:
or
I.
"
deep in 5 in. pot well drained " filled with Sept. Thin seedlingsto 1 in. apart. Water manure
occasionallywhen CULTIVATED:
SPECIES
in
April or moderately. Apply liquid
above
flower buds show. aoaule, lilao, white, and
I.
compost,
yiolet,
summer,
3
in.,
Portugal.
lonopsiSi
"
Ord.
OrcMdacesB.
Stove
epiphytalorchid-
First
Position, attached
to blocks
troduced in-
1865.
CTJLTTTRB of wood
:
Compost, sphagnum
suspended from roof; to Water freelyMarch
moss.
in shallow
Ee-block, Feb.
or pans. other times. Sept.,moderately Syringe twice dailyFeb. to Oct. Temp., Oct. to Feb. 50" to 55"; Feb. to Oct. 60" to 70". Propagateby division of plantsat re-blockingtime. CULTIV ATBD SPECIES : I. panionlata, white, purple, and yellow, winter, 6 in.,
March.
or
Brazil.
ipomsea
(American Bell-bind; Moon
Creeper; Morning Glory)."
ConvolvulacesB. Stove, greenhouse " hardy perennial " annual First introduced 1597. climbers. SPECIES OF STOVE CtTLTURE : Compost, equal parts fibrous loam, " silver sand. leaf-mould, decayed manure, Position, pots, beds, or in stove ; shoots trained up roof, or on trellises. Pot or plant, borders to Sept. 65" to 75"; Sept.to Feb., March, or April. Temp., March Ord.
214
ENGTCLOPMDIA March
GAUDENINO.
OP
55" to 65".
Water freelyApril to Sept.,moderately afterwards. stragglygrowths into shape, FebSow three seeds of the annual Transfer speciesJ in. deep in a 2i in. pot in temp. 65" in March. seedlingswhen 2 in. high into 5 in. pots. Train shoots to trellis or
Prune
sticks.
CULTUEE ^ in.
OF
HALF-HARDY ANNUALS: Soil, light rich. Sow Transfer seedlings to deep in pots in temp. G5" in March. in May. Plant, June. Position, sunny walls or borders,
seeds
cold frame shoots trained to trellis or to stocksCULTUEE OF tion, PosiHARDY ANNUAL SPECIES : Soil, ordinary. borders; shoots trained to trellis or sticks. Sow seed \ in. sunny deep where plants are to grow, in April. OP CaLTURE SPECIES: HARDY PERENNIAL Soil, ordinary. pagate ProPosition, sunny walls, fences, or arbours. Plant, Oct. or Nov. of annual speciesby seeds as above ; perennialsby cuttings side in sandy peat under shoots inserted bell-glassin temp. 75" to 85", to Aug., or grafting in March. March POTATO SWEET CULTURE OF : Compost, two parts loam " one Plant tubers singly in 6 in. pots in Feb-, in part decayed manure. temp. 65", or 6 in. deep " 8 in. apart in prepared border in greenhouse. then give none, Water moderately Feb. to May ; freely May to Sept.,, edible." are Propagate by division of keeping tubers dry. Tubers shoots in April. 10 ft., Trop. America ; Horsf allies, SPECIES white, Bummer, STOVE : I. Bona-Noi, 10 ft., Trop. America; W. Indies; Learii, blue, summer, rose, winter, 10 to 15 ft., ternata 6 ft., Tropics, annual; (Syn. Thomsonii), white, Quamoclit, red, summer, Indies ; rubra coerulea,red, Uexico. 10 ft., W. snmmer, tubers I. batatus SPECIES: (Sweet Potato), white, summer, GREENHOUSE 2 4 to ft.. Tropics. edible, in Feb. ;
tubers
cuttingsof young
and its varieties SPECIES ANNUAL : I. hederaoea HALF-HAEDY AND HABDT (violetand white), and ffrandiflora (blue), super.ba (blue and white), atro-violacea Huberi variegata (variegated leaved), 6 to 10 ft.. Tropics, half-hardy; purpurea its and 8 to 10 ft.. Tropical America; Convolvulus major), purple, summer, (Syn (blue), alba (white), (purple), Burridgei (scarlet),Dioksonii varieties atropurpurea (Syn. Mina tricolor (red, white, and blue), and flore-pleno (double); versicolor 6 to 8 ft., Trop. America. and yellow, summer, lobata), rosy crimson pandurata), white and I- pandurata (Syn. Convolvulus SPECIES : PERENNIAL
purple,
climber,
summer,
America.
N.
Stove
Orchidaceae. introduced 1840.
Ord.
Ipsea.. First
terrestrial orchid-
Flowers
grant. fra-
Oompost, equal parts leaf -mould, peat, sphagnum moss, Pot, Feb. or March, in Position, lightpart of stove. " small crocks. to March moderately Aug. to Aug., Water freely well-drained pots. to Sept. 60" to 65"; SeptMarch afterwards. little Temp., Oct., very CULTURE
:
50" to
March
to
Propagate by division
55".
flowering. .
SPECIES
Iresine orn
CULTIVATED
:
I. speciosa,
Ord. (Blood-leaf). "
foliagedplants.
First
"
.
yellow, spring, Amarantacese.
introduced
1864.
of
pseudo-bulbsafter
,-,. i 1 ft., nCeylon.
Stove
"
Leaves, heart
half-hardy "
lance-.
golden,crimson.
shaiDed; deep blood-red, carmine, green, CULTURE: Compost, equal parts peat, loam, leaf mould, " POT Water Pot, Feb. or March. Position, sunny part of stove. sandOct. to March times. other Temp., to Sept.,moderately freely March 65". 55" to 65" to 75"; Oct. to March Soil, ordinary. Position, edgings to sunny : CULTURE OUTDOOE to stove in Sept. Lift, repot, " remove Plant, June. beds or borders. Pinch
off
pointsof
shoots
frequentlyto 215
induce
bushy growth. Propa-
KNCYOLOPJSDIA
gate ty cuttingsof
young soil in temp, of 65" to 75
OF shoots
inserted
GARDENING. in
potsor
pans
of
lightsandy
Oct. April,Sept, and OIJLTIVATED: I. Herbstii, leaves maroon crimson, 1 ft., Braiil ; aureo-reticulata,leaves, green, gold, and red; Lindonii, leaves blood red,
SPECIES
Herbstij 1 ft.
(Flag;Orrice
Iris
Root;
rhizomatous and Dwarf Bearded,
evergreen
Bearded,
Feb., March,
or
Pleur de Luce). Ord. Iridaceae. Hardy Sections : Tall bulbous-rooted perennials. Beardless, Cushion, Japanese " Bulbous"
rooted. CULTURE TALL BEARDED SECTION: OF Ordinary, not overmoist soil. Position, sunny shaded or borders, or massed partially wild or woodland of Plant in Oct. water. the margins garden, or on with rhizomes surface. or near March, keeping Top-dress decayed in autumn. Lift " replantevery fourth year. manure BEARDED soilCULTURE OF DWARF SECTION : Ordinary rich Plant borders. and treat as advised for Position, sunny, well-drained
foregoingsection. OP
CULTURE
ponds Got.
March.
or
soil and margins of SECTION BEARDLESS : Moist I. versicolor, and varieties,pseudo-acorus. Plant, borders rockeries for or Ordinary rich soil and sunny for
streams
or
graminea, missouriensis, monspur, unguicularis. Plant in Oct. or March.
aurea,
orientalis, sibirica, spuria,
SECTION JAPANESE gins CULTURE OF : Rich loamy soil on the marand sunk in garden in of ponds, or in a half-cask filled with loam in growing Apply liquidmanure spot. Plant in Oct. or March. sunny season.
in sandy soil on elevated SECTION CUSHION : Grow in June. Protect Plant borderby a cold frame bed, rockery, in winter. or hand-light choice kinds SECTION BULBOUS-ROOTED : Plant OF CULTURE in a compost of equal parts sandy loam, leaf-mould, and well-decayed in Aug. or Place bulbs 3 in. deep " 3 in. apart. Plant manure. cow soil in sunny in kinds be to " ordinary planted Sept. Spanish English and 6 in. in. 3 bulbs in borders beds or deep Sept. or Oct., placing CULTURE
OF
or
third year. SPECIES: BULBOUS OF CULTURE Compost, equal j arts POT frame in till growth Place cold sand" silver leaf-mould, loam, frame to flower. leave in cold to greenhouseor begins, when remove Give water in. 5 bulbs in a pot. only when in Oct., placing five Pot after leaves water Withhold begin to decay. growth has begun. all the speciesby be placed in artificial heat. Propagate not Must rhizomes in autumn of or seeds in sandy soil in cold frame; division Lift and
apart.
spring;
replant every
offsets in
autumn.
June, I. Bartoni, creamy wliite, purple and orange, yellow, June, 3 ft., Asia Minor i Biloti, purple, wliite and in., Afghanistan; and orange. white, June, 2 ft., Oregon; Ccngialti, violet braoteata, purple and 1 ft., Oengialto; florentina (Florentine Iris), white, lavender, and yellow, May, 3 ft., S. Europe; gormanioa (Flag Iris), purple and lilac, violet scented, May, Grant Duffli,sulphur yellow. May, 2 ft.. Holy fragrant. May, 3 ft., S. Europe; white and yellow. May, 2 ft. ; pallida, lilac,purple Land ; neglecta, lilac,purple, Region; squalens, lilac,purple, and and white. May, fragrant, 3 ft., Mediterranean variegata, claret and yellow. May, 18 in., E. Europe. yellow. May, 3 ft., Europe; described. will be found In trade lists a large numljer of lovely forms IRISES I. biflora, violet purple,April, 1 ft., S. Europe ; BEARDED : DWARF Chameeiris, violet, April, 4 to 6 in., S. Europe; pumila, lilac purple, April, 4 in., and yellow ; and S. Europe ; pumila cserulea, sky blue ; pumila, primrose, brown varieties of this section will also be Iris), greyish white. albida Many (Crimean TALL
BEARDED
IRISES:
18
fuuud
in
trade
lists.
210
ENCYCLOPJEDIA
OF
OABDENINO.
BEAHDLESS IRISES: fcetidisI. aurea, golden yellow, June, 4 ft.,Himalayas; sima (Gladwin Iris), purple, June, 3 ft., Britain; fulva, coppery June, maroon, 3 ft., X7. States; graminea, and blue purplo, June, 1 ft., S. Europe; japonioa, lavender, June, 18 in., Japan; longipetala, blue, lilao, and gold, June, 2 ft., California ; Mileeii, purple blue, June, 2 ft., Himalayas missouriensis, lilao and ;
yellow,
May,
8
ft., N.
yellow, fragrant, June, 3 ft., Monneri, lemon lilao blue, Juno, i ft.,hybrid; orientalis (Syn. Oohroleuoa), white Crete; monspur, and yellow,June, 4 ft.,Asia Minor; pseud-acorus (Yellow Water Flag), yellow. May and and June, 3 ft., Britain; sibirica, blue. May and June, 3 ft., S. Europe Siberia; spuria, lilao blue, June, 3 ft., Europe; unguioularis (Syn. stylosa),blue, Jan._and Feb., 9 ft.,Algeria ; verna, Tiolet blue, fragrant, March, 3 in., N. America ; versioolor, purple. May, a ft., N. America. exist varieties Here also numerous America;
which be found in trade lists. may CUSHION IRISES: I. bismarckiana, purple, yellow, blue, and white, June,' 9 in., Mt. Lebanon; G-atesii,grey, purple, and white, June, 2 ft.,Armenia; iberica, lilao, and white purple. May, 6 in., Caucasus; and Sorolkowii, white red. May, 1 ft., and 1 ft.; paradoxa, white, Turkestan; Lortetii, creamy white S. Lebanon, rose, blue, and crimson. May, Persia; susiana (Mourning Iris),brown, black, and lilac. May, 1 ft., Levant. JAPANESE IRISES I. Itevigata (Syn. Ksempferi), white, lilao, magenta, purple, : and yellow, June, 2 ft.,Japan. Numerous varieties will be found in trade lists. BULBOUS-ROOTED IRISES: I. alata, lilao, purple and yellow, Oct., 1 ft., S. Europe; bakeriana, white, violet, and blue, fragrant, Jan., 1 ft., Armenia;
Histrio, lilao,Feb., 1 ft., Palestine; orchioides, yellow, April, 9 in., Turkestan; persica, yellow, lilao and green, Feb., 3 in., Persia; reticulata, violet,purple and yellow, violet scented, Feb., 6 in.,Caucasus; and its varieties,histrioides,Krelagei, and major; tingitana, lilac-purple,March, 2 ft., Tangier; xiphioides(English Iris), various colours, 1 to 2 ft., Pyrenees; and Xiphium (Spanish Iris},various colours, June, 1 to 2 ft., S. Europe. Irish Furze See Ulex. CDlex europseus strictus)." Irish Heath See Daboecia. (Daboecia polifolia). Irjsh Ivy (Hederahelix canariensia).See Hedera. Irish Juniper (Juniperus communis hibernioa)."See Jiiniperus. Irish Yevw baccata fastigiata).See Taxus. (Taxus Iron-weed. See Vernonia. Isle of Bourbon Tea-plant (Angrajcum fragrans). See "
"
"
"
"
Angrsecum. Ismene.
"
Isoiepis'." Isoloma.
See Hymenocallis. See Scirpus. Ord. Gesneraceae.
Stove floweringherbs. The plants in this genus. two parts fibrous peat, one part loam, one part " silver sand. leaf-mould, with a little decayed manure Position, welldrained to flower Pot, March pots or pans in shady part of plant stove. June to flower in winter. in summer; Place May to flower in autumn; tubers 1 in. deep singlyin 5 in. pots, or 1 to 2 in. apart in larger sizes. Water mo.deratelyfrom time growth begins until plants are 3 or 4 in then freely. After flowerings gradually withhold water till foliage high, dies down, then keep dry till potting time. Apply weak liquidmanure buds show. twice when flower week a once or Syringing not required. to March 65" 55" to 75". to March to Store 85"; Sept. Sept. Temp., their sides under till has died down when on pottingtime stage foliage 50" 55". seeds surface to sown of wellon in temp, of Propagate by drained or April; cuttingsof pots of sandy peat, in temp. 75", March inserted in pots of sandy peat in temp. 75" to 85" in snoots young of pots of sandy peat leaves pegged on surface spring; fully matured in temp. 75" to 85". CULTIVATED rose, purple, and white, winter, 1 ft. ; : I. digitaliflorum, SPECIES den! Linhondense hondeu"e), yellow, red, winter, I ft.. New Grenada; (Syn. Gesnera (Syn. Tydffia Lindeni), white and violet,winter, 1 ft.,Ecuador. Bauunculacese. Ord. Hardy herbaceous perennial. Isopyrum.
known as CTJLTUEE
"
Tydseas are now : Compost,
merged
.
"
217
GARDENING.
OF
ENOYGLOPJPDIA
1759. First introduced Orn. foliage. Foliage finelydivided like that of maidenuair fern. CULTURE: Soil,ordinary. Position, sunny or shady rockery, bed 1-16 in. border. Plant, Oct. or March. or Propagate by seeds sown Nov. in Oct. or roots division of in April or May; deep outdoors I. thaliotroides,wMte, spring, 8 in., Europe. SPBOIBS CULTIVATED: Alkanet Italian (Anchusa italica).See Anchusa. Italian Cypress (Onpressussempervirens). See Cupressus. Italian Pimpernel (AnagallisMonelli)." See Anagallis. "
"
(AsterAmellus)." See Aster. (Pinus Laricio palassiana). See
Starwort Stone
Italian Italian Pinus. Italian
Pine-tree
"
(Jasminum humile)."See
Jasmine
Yellow
Jaami-
num.
(VirginianWillow). Ord. Saxifragaoeae. Hardy deciduous 1744. Orn. shrub. foliage" flowering. First introduced shrubberies. moist sheltered Position, CULTURE: Soil, peaty. after Prune flowering. Propagate by moderately Plant, Oct. to Feb. seeds sown i in. deep in sandy soil outdoors in April; suckers removed in Oct. or Nov. ; layeringshoots in July or Aug. 6 ft., N. America. SPECIES OTTLTITATED : I. virginioa, white, July, 4 to See Thistle eburneum)." Silybum. (Silybum Ivory Ivy (Hedera helix). See Hedera. panula. Campanula (Campanula hederacea). See CamIvy-leaved "tea
"
"
"
Ivy-leaved Ipomsea. Ivy-leaved Ivy-leaved Ivy-leaved
(Ipomisahederacea
Cypress-vine
coccinea). See "
Fern (Hemionites cordata). See Hemiouites. Groundsel (Seneciomacroglossus). See Senecio. Harebell nula. (Campanula hederacea). See Campa"
"
"
(P.peltatum). See Pelargonium. Toad-flax (Linariacymbalaria). See Linaria. (Saxifragacymbalaria). See Saxifraga. Ivy Saxifrage Corn Ixia Lily). Ord. Iridaceaj. Half-hardy bulbous (African First 1744. introduced Flowers Africa. S. Nat. fragrant. plants. OUTDOOR CULTURE Position,sunny well: Soil,light rich sandy. drained border. Plant, Sept. to Jan., placing bulbs 4 in. deep " 2 in. surface of bed in March Lift " replantbulbs annually. Mulch apart. Ivy-leaved Ivy-leaved
Pelargonium
"
"
"
"
with cow manure. CULTURE: POT Compost, two parts sandy loam, one part leafmould Pots, 4J in. in diameter, well drained. or decayed cow manure. with cocoanutPlace five bulbs, 3 in. deep, in each pot in Nov., " cover under cool greenhouse stage until flowers or fibre refuse in cold frame Temp., Sept. fade, then gradually cease, keeping bulbs dry till Jan. 50" to 60". 40" to 50"; other times to March Propagate by oflsets for bulbs. advised treated as CULTIVATED: I. flexuosa, pink, spring, 1 ft.; maoulata, brown SPECIES and 1 ft. ; patens, purple, white, spring, 1 ft. ; pauiculata, yellow and white, summer, 1 ft.; purple and crimson, summer, spring, 1 ft.; speciosa (Syn. Craeteriodes), varieties. Tiridiflora, green, spring, 1 ft. See trade lists for numerous ixia Lily (Ixiolirion tartaricum). See Ixiolirion. "
IxiOlirion
plants.
First
CULTUEE:
(IxiaLily). Ord. Amaryllidaceie. Half-hardybulbous "
introduced
1844.
Soil, light sandy loam. 218
Position, well-drained
aunny
EN0Y0L0PJ3DIA border
OF
OARDBNINO.
foot of S. wall. Plant bulbs 3 in. deep and 4 in. apart in Mulch surface of bed with cow ing, in April. After flowermanure with bell-glass cover or thorough ripeningof hand-lightto ensure bulbs. Lift bulbs in Sept. " store in dry sand in cool, frost-proof place tiU plauting time. at any time, planted Propagate by offsets removed " treated advised as for normal bulbs. May also be grown in pots as advised for Ixias. at
March.
SPECIES
OULTITATED
:
I.
montanum,
blue, June,
1
ft.,Europe.
Ixora, (West Indian iStove flowering Jasmine). Ord. Rubiaceae. shrubs. Evergreen. First introduced Flowers 1690. fragrant. CliLTUEE : Compost, two parts good fibrous peat, one part fibrous "
loam " silver sand. Position,shady part of stove whilst growing, light situation when at rest. Pot, Feb. or March; good drainage indispensable. Prune rately iuto shape in Feb. to Sept.,modeWater freelyMarch afterwards. to Aug. Syringe twice daily March Apply liquid fl.ower. Temp., March 55" to 65". Propagate by cuttings of firm young shoots 2 to 3 in. long, inserted singly in small pots in to May. in temp. 75" to 85", March sandy peat under bell-glass SPBOIES CULTIVATED I. ooooinea, orange-soarlet, summer, 3 to 4 ft., India, : Numerous varieties and in trade lists. liybrids will be found "la,borosai Ord. Solanaceas. perennial.First Hardy herbaceous
manure
to
once
or
twice
to 85" ;
Sept. 75"
a
week
to
healthy plantsin
Sept. to March
"
introduced
1831.
OULTUEE at base border : Soil, rich loamy. Position, well-drained S. wall. in winter with Protect Plant, Oct. to March. covering of ashes 1-16 in. deep in light litter. Propagate by seeds sown or soil 65" in in 55" in March to well-drained or April; sandy pots temp. handsoil in of shoots inserted under bell-glass, cuttings young sandy in division stems in cold of to light,or creeping frame, July Sept.; March or April. 9 in., Buenos CULTIVATED SPECIES J. integrifolia,white, summer, : Ayres. of
Jacaranda
Green
(Mimosa-leaved Ebony-tree;
Ebony-tree;. "
Ord. Bignoniaceae. Stove evergreen trees. Flowering " orn. foliage. 1724. First introduced Leaves, fern-like, downy, very elegant. CULTURE : Compost, equal parts peat, fibry loam " silver sand. Position, well-drained pots in lightpart of plant stove Sept. to April, Prune into outdoors July to Sept. Pot, Feb. to March. place sunny to Oct. March. to March Feb. Water Oct., freely moderately shape, 55" to 65"; March Plants to July 70* to 80". Temp. Sept. to March to when 3 1 decorative ft. form high ; floweringspecimens specimens when as standards, 10 to 15 ft. high. Propagate by seeds sown grown in pots under bell-glass J in. deep in lightsandy peat in well-drained of firm in shoots inserted Feb. to to 75" 85", June; cuttings temp, of in June of to 75", Sept. sandy peat under bell-glass temp, 10 ft.,W. CULTIVATED: J. osrulea, blue, summer, Indies; filioifolia, SPECIES 15 ft., Panama. blue, summer, (Ornithogalum'umbellatum). See Jack-SO-tO-bed-at-nOOn "
Ornithogalum vlaCK-in-priSOn
damascena). (Nigella
Nigella.
primula vulgarisvar.). "
"
"
"
"
JaCObinia" introduced
See
See Primula. (Clematis Jackmanii)." See Clematis (Artocarpus integrifolia).See Artocarpus. (Senecioelegans). See Senecio. Lily (Sprekelia formosissima). See Sprekelia. Stove Ord. Acanthaceae. floweringplants. First
Jack-in-the-Sreen Clematis JacklYian'S Jack-tree iJacobsea. Jacobean
"
1770.
"
219
ENOYOLOPMDIA CULTURE
OARDENINO.
OF
June,
Sept. to
sand.
"
leaf-mould
Compost, equal parts peat, loam,
:
Position, well-drained pots in li^htstove June to Sept. Pot, March to April. Water
frame
sunny
moderately Sept. to March,
freelyother
to June times. 55" to 65"; March Temp., Sept. to March 65" to 75". Prune shoots to 1 in. of hase after flowering. Nip off points of young shoots occasionally May to Aug., to induce bushy growth. pagate Proartificial twice a week to plantsin flower. or manure liquid Apply in of shoots inserted small by cuttings pots of singly young soil under to in March sandy bell-glass temp. 75", July. RPEOIES CULTIVATED: .f. ohrysostephana, yellow, winter, 3 ft., Mexico; ghiesbreghtiana (Syn. Sericographia ghiesbreghtiana), scarlet, Dec, 2 ft., Mexico; magiiifica carnea 3 to 4 ft., Brazil. (Syn. Justicia camea), rose, summer, Jacob's-ladder (Polemonium caeruleum). See Polemouiinii. Jacob's-rod (Asphodelusluteus). See Asphodelus. Jalap-plant (Mirabilisjalapa). See Mirabilis. Jamaica Pimenta. Allspice (Pimenta officinalis)." Jamaica Sag'O-tree (Zamia purpuracea) See Zamia. Jamesia. Ord deciduous flowering Raxifragaceae. Hardy shrub. First introduced 1820. borders. CULTURE: rockeries or Soil, ordinary. Position, sunny Plant Oct. to Feb. tings Prune directlyafter flowering. Propagate by cutinserted under hand-lightor in cold frame in autumn. SPECIES tains, CULTIVATED -TChite,spring, C to 8 ft.,Rocky Moun; J. amcrioana, "
"
"
"
"
Japan Allspice (Chimonanthus fragrans). See Chimonanthus. Clover Japan (Lespedeza bicolor). See Lespedeza. Aralia Japanese (Fatsiajaponica). See Fatsia. Japanese Barberry (Berberis japonica'. See Berberis. Cedar Japanese (Oryptomeria japonica). See Cryptomeria. Fern Japanese Climbing' (Lygodium scandens). See Lygodiura. Clover Japanese (Lespedezabicolor).See Lespedeza. Cucumber Japanese (Cucumis sativus). See Cucumis. Bell Tree Golden Japanese (Forsythia suspensa)."See Forsythia. Groundsel Japanese (Senecio japonicus). See Senecio. See Fern Hare's-foot Japanese (Davallia Mariesi). "
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
Davallia.
Hop (Humulus Lady'S-Slipper
Japanese
Japanese
Cypripedium Japanese Japanese Japanese
Japanese
japonica). See Humulus. (Cypripedium japonicum). "
"
See
.
Larch Lilac
(Lari.xleptolepis).See Lari.x. (Syringa japonica). See Syringa. Maple (Acer palmatum). See Acer. Monlc's-hood (Aconitum japonicum). "
"
"
"
See Aeoui-
tura.
Japanese
Japanese Japanese Japanese Japanese Japanese Japanese
Primrose Privet
(Primula japonica). See
Primula. See (Ldgustrum japonicum). Lignstruni. Quince (Pyrus japonica)."See Pyrus. ITose (Rosa rugosa). See Rosa. Snow-flovver (Deutziagracilis).See Deutzia. See Veronica. Speedwell (Veronicasubsessihs)." Spindle-tree (Euonymus japouicns). See Euony "
"
"
"
"
mus.
Japanese
Toad
Lily (Tricyrtis hirta)."See Tricyrtia. 220
ENCYOLOPJUDIA
GARDENING.
OF
(Berberisvulgaris). See Berberis. (Bhododendron jaTanicum).
Ja,unclice-berry
"
Javanese Rhododendron See Rhododendron. Java Primrose (Primula
imperialis).See (Twin-leaf).Ord. Berberidaceao.
Jeffersonia herb. First CTJLTTJKE
"
"
introduced
"
Primula.
Hardy perennial
1792.
Soil,peaty- Position,shady edges of rockery or borders. 1-16 in. deep in or April. Propagate by seeds sown sandy soil in cold frame July to Sept.; division of roots Oct. or March. :
Plant, Oct., March
CULTIVATED:
SPE0IB8 America.
Jerusalem thus.
J.
Artichoke
Jerusalem
(Syn. diphylla),white, spring,
biunata
(Heliauthnstuberosus). See "
6
in.,
Helian-
See (Solanum Pseudo-caiDsicum)."
Cherry
N.
Sola-
num.
Jerusalem naria. Jerusalem
See (Fulmonaria officinalis).
Cowslip
"
Fulmo-
(Lychnis chalcedonica). See Lychnis. Jerusalem Sage (Phlomis fruticosus).See Phlomis. See Jasminum. Jessamine (Jasminum officinalis). See Nut Jesuit's Trapa. (Trapa natans). Jew-bush (Pedilanthustithymaloides).See Pedilanthus. Mallow Jew's (TKerriajaponica). See Kerria. Cross
"
"
"
"
"
"
laohryma).See Coix. See Narcissus. (Narcissus jonguilla).
Tears
Job's
Jonquil
(Coix
"
"
See Cercis. (Ceroissiliquastrum)." Butter-nut)?^Ord. Juglandaceae. Hardy (Walnut-tree; Juslans in 1592. ^ introduced Walnut deciduous nut-bearing " orn. foliagetrees. Soil,sandy " calcareous, or stiii loams on OF WALNUT: CULTUBB S. or subsoil. Position, SW., open, not shaded by trees or gravelly surface to 4 in. below 3 roois Oct. or Nov., Plant, placing buildings. Apply of ground previously Pruning unnecessary. deeply trenched. to Oct., or \Va. of superJune trees from established to manure phosphate liquid Judas-tree
for pickling nuts Gather rod in June. square thin in tion layers in dry posiRipe nuts place before shell gets too hard. alternate in fall off, then layers with sand in till husks pack trees budded or barrels, casks, or jars sprinkled with salt. Grafted other above. of same as Culture species, seedlings. bear earlier than DATA: gardens. USEFUL Juglans regia " nigra good for town of " veneering. Value used for making gun stocks, furniture Timber of bushel will foot. nuts cubic One 6d. yield timber. Is. to 2s. per tree, 300 years. Average 5,000 seedlings. Average life of a walnut weight of timber per cubic foot, 471b. in 2 in. deep in light soil outdoors by seed (nuts)sown of lime
to the
Propagate transplantingseedlings follojWngOct.
Nov.,
in March. SPECIES
;
budding
in
Aug. ; grafb
(Butter-nut),30 ft., N. America; nigra to Himalayas. regia ("Walnut), 50 ft.,Caucasus (Amelanchier canadensis). See Ainelanchier. (Juniperuscommunis) .^See Juniperus. (Juniper;Savin) Ord. Ooniferae. Hardy evergreen
CULTIVATED:
J.
oinerea
(Black Walnut), 30 ft., N. America;
June-berry Juniper
Juniperus
"
"
Habit, pyramidal or bushy. Leaves, needle-shaped, scale-like,green or variegated. narrow, well-drained shrubCULTURE : Soil,good ordinary. Position,open,
coniferous
trees.
222
ENCYCLOPEDIA beries
OF
GARDENING.
lawns
for erect species, rockeries or banks Nov. or CULTURE trenched two : Soil,ordinary,
or
for dwarf
species.
Plant, Sept.,Oct., HEDGE wide.- Plant,
spitsdeep " 3 ft. Sept.to Nov., 18 in. apart. Ht. 1 to 3 ft. Junipers form excellent screen treesPropagate by seeds sown J in. deep in beds of liglitsoil in cold frame in April, transplantingseedlings singly into small pots when 2 in. high " planting tings outdoors a year afterwards ; cutof young branches under inserted in sandy soil in cold frame or hand-lightin Sept. or Oct. SPECIES CULTrfATED: J. bermudiana (Bermuda Cedar), 20 ft., Bermuda; leaves and sinensis, 13 ft., China einensis golden; communm Japan; aurea, 5 ft.; excelsa, (Common Juniper), 5 ft., Europe; communis fastigiata Irish Juniper), 20 to 30 ft., Asia Minor; excelsa stricta (upright growing): oooidentalis, 12 ft., N. America; 12 ft.. Orient; sablna macrocarpa, oxycedrua, 15 ft., S. Europe; (Savin), i ft.,Europe and N. America; virginiana (Red Cedar), 30 ft.,N. America; and its yarieties,argontea, aureo-variegata, glauca, pendula, and viridis. See Lychnis. Jupiter's-flOVtfer (Lychnis Flos-Jovis)."
Justicia.
"
Ord.
Acanthacese.
Stove
flowering ",
foliage
orn.
plants. CULTURE:
" sand. Compost, equal parts peat, loam, leaf-mould in frame stove to June, Sept. light pots sunny to March Water March, or Pot, April. moderately Sept. Sept.
Position, well-drained June
to
to June, times. 55" to 65" ; March Temp-, Sept. to March Prune shoots to 1 in. of base after flowering. Nip off points of young shoots occasionallyMay to Aug. to induce bushy growth. pagate Proartificial twice a week to plantsin flower. manure Apply liquidor inserted in small of shoots pots of singly by cuttings young 75" to March soil under in July. bell-glass temp. sandy CULTIVATED: J. oalyootricha (Syn. flavicoma),yellow, winter, 3 ft., SPECIES
freelyother 65" to 75"-
Brazil.
See
also
the
genus
Jacobinia.
Kadsura. Ord. Magnoliaceae. Half-hardy trailing,flowering 1846. Flowers succeeded shrubs. by Evergreen. First introduced scarlet berries. borders CULTURE: Soil,peaty. Position, well-drained against S. walls. W. Plant, Sept. Oct., or April. Prune or stragglingshoots moderately in April- Propagate by cuttings of firm shoots 2 to 3 in. iu cold greenhouse or bell-glass long, inserted in silver sand under "
frame,
July
to
Oct.
K. chinensis, white, variegated. Ord. Scitaminaceoe. Ksempferiai introduced Orn. foliage. First or lance-shaped, Leaves, egg green bordered SPECIES
Tariegata,
CULTIVATED:
summer,
6
ft., Japan;
chinensis
leaves
"
and purple beneath. CULTURE : Compost, and charcoal. silver sand
Stove herbaceous nials. peren1728. Flowers fragrant. flaked with white above or
equal parts fibrous
loam
Position, well-drained
"
peat
pots
iu
with
little
lightpart
of
their sides undfer staging iu dry part of stove during growing period; Water house freely, during resting period. Pot, Feb. or March. afterwards. almost March to Sept. to Sept.,keep March dry Temp., 55" to 60". 65" to 75"; Sept. to March Growing period,Feb. to Oct. on
Resting period,Oct.
to
Feb.
Propagate by
division
of root
stocks
in
Feb. K. Gilhertii,leaves variegated white 'and CULTIVATED: SPECIES Kirkii, rosy purple, Aug., 6 in.,Zanzibar; rotunda, white and Burma; 1 ft., India.
Ksempfer'S
Iris
(Irislaevigata).See "
223
Iris.
1 ft., violet,Aug., green,
KNOYOLOFJSDIA
OF
QABDENING.
ing Grreenhouse Ord. Crassulaceae. perennialflower1781First introduced Flowers, plants. fragrant. OtjLTURE : Compost, equal parts sandy loam, brick rubble, dried " rive"- sand. cow manure Position, well-drained pots in light greenhouse, rately close to glass. Pot, March. Water freely April to Aug., modeold Prune little afterwards. to Nov., plants after Aug. very 1 in. shoots 1 " shoots when to are new in., flowering,shortening repot March 45" to 50". March 55" to to to 65"; Sept. long. Temp., Sept. of well-drained seeds in soil, sown or sandy pots Propagate by pans just covered with fine mould, in temp. 60" to 70" in March or April,seedlings to be kept close to glass" have little water ; cuttingsof shoots 2 to 3 in. for few then inserted in June, July, or Aug. to sun long, exposed days, in well-drained of soil, on greenhouse shelf " given pots sandy placed little water. very 18 in., S. Africa; flammea, SPECIES CULTIVATED: K. oarnea, flesli,summer, 2 ft,, Somaliland; marmorata orange-scarlet, summer, (Syn. grandiflora), white, 2 ft., Abyssinia, bummer, Kale (Borecole). See Brassica, KallYlia, tain Laurel; Swamp Laurel; Moun(CalicoBusk; American Ord. Erieacese. ing flowerLaurel; Sheep Laurel), Hardy evergreen 1734 shrubs. First introduced GULTUKE : Soil, sandy peat " leaf-mould free from lime or chalk. ", moist Plant Position, cool,partiallyshaded. Sept.,Oct., April,or May. Pruning unnecessary. Foliage of K. latifolia poisonous to cattle. POT CULTURE : Compost, two parts sandy peat,one part leaf -mould " sand. Position, well-drained pots in greenhouse (temp. 45" to 55") rately modefrom Novafterwards. Water to May; place outdoors sunny in winter, freelyother times. in April Propagate by seed sown shallow of sandy peat in or Oct,, 1-16 in. deep, in well-drained pans
Kalanchoe.
"
"
"
inserted in pots of sandy peat cold frame; shoots cuttings of young under bell-glassin shady cold frame April to Aug. SPECIES CULTIVATED: K. angustifolia (Slieep Laurel), crimson, June, 3 ft., and N. America, and its varieties ^lauca,luoida, rosea rubra; glauoa, lllao purple, G to 10 ft,, N. latifolia May, 2 ft,, N. America; (Calico Bush), rose, summer, and its varieties America, mjrtifolia and polypetal. " Bochea. See Crassula Kalosanthes. Vine See Vitis, Kansaroo (Vitis antarctica)," Bromeliaceae. Karatas. Ord. Stove flowering " orn, foliaged 1739. Bracts, green, red, or plants. Evergreen. First introduced crimson. neath, Leaves, strap-shaped,green above, purplish or whitish be"
"
"
"
spiny. Compost, ec[ual parts fibrous loam, rough peat, leafPosition, well-drained pots in light,moist part Water of stove. Pot, Feb.. or March, moderately in winter, freely to Sept. 70" to 80"; Sept, to March at other times65" Temp,, March to 75". Propagate by large-sizedoff-shoots inserted singly in small pots of sandy peat,in temp, of 85", Feb, or April, CULTURE:
mould,
"
silver sand.
CULTIVATED: K, aoanthoorateo, blue, summer, SPECIES 1 ft.,Brazil; ampuland 1 ft,, Brazil; Carolinse, blue white, summer, and laoea, blue summer, green, 1 ft,,Brazil; humilis, purple, summer, 18 in., Brazil; fulgens, blue, summer, 18 in,, 18 in., Brazil. Plumieri, purple, summer, Mexico;
Kenilworth
Ivy (Linariacymbalaria). See Linaiia. (CoralCreeper;Australian Beau Flower), Ord. LeguGreenhouse flowering " twining plants. Evergreen. Nat. "
Kennedya rainosae.
Australia.
"
First
introduced
1788. 224
ENOYOLOPJEDIA CULTUEE
OARDENINO.
OP
" loam, little silver sand. shoots trained to trellis, or planted out in beds, " shoots trained rafters. Water Pot or plant,Feb. or May. freely up March to Sept-,moderatelyat other times. Prune stragglingplants into shape in Feb. stimulants Apply weak occasionallyto healthy plants in flower. Temp., March to Sept. 55" to 65"; Sept. to March 40" to 50". by seeds sown J in. deep in well-drained pots Proija^ate of light sandy soil in temp, of 55" to 65" in March or April; cuttings of firm young shoots, 2 to 3 in. long, inserted in well-drained pots of under in temp. 55" to 65", March to July. sandy peat bell-glass SPECIES 10 to 15 ft.; prostrata, CULTIVATED: K. ooooinea, eoarlet, summer, scarlet, spring, 3 ft, See also the genus Hardenbergia. :
Compost, equal parts peat
Position, pots, with
Kentia. Stove (Umbrella Palm). Ord. Palmaceae. palms. Leaves, feather-shaped,graceful. CULTURE : Compost, equal parts loam " peat, little silver sand. Position, well-drained Pot, Feb. or March. Temp. 70" pots in stoveto 85" March Water to Sept.; 60" to 65" Sept. to March. moderately to healthy Oct. to Feb., freelyafterwards. Apply weak liquidmanure a week. May to Sept. plants once Syringe plants daily. Propagate 1 in. deep in lightsoil in temp. 80", Feb. or March. by seeds sown "
SPECIES CULTIVATED: also the genera Howea
Kentucky Gymnocladus. Kermes Kerria, shrub. CULTURE
K. australis, 6 to 10 ft.. Lord Hedyscepe.
and
Howe's
Island.
See
See
(Gymnocladus canadensis).
Coffee-tree
"
Osik (Quercus cocoifera). See Quercus. Hardy deciduous (Jew's Mallow). Ord. Eosaceae. Nat. Japan- First introduced 1700. W. ; Soil, good ordinary. Position, against S. or "
"
fences, or in mixed shrubberies. or June, cutting off old or weak
Plant, Oct.
to March.
Prune
ing flowerwalls or in May
shoots
only. parts loam,
" part leaf-mould moderately. After till Oct. Forcing ; flowering,place plants in sunny Water moderately. Transfer place plants in temp- 55" to 65" in Jan. tings positionoutdoors after flowering. Propagate by cutplants to sunny bellshoots 2 to 3 in. long, inserted in sandy soil under of young layeringshoots in Oct. glass or hand-lightor in cold frame in summer;
CULTUEE: Pot, Oct.
POT sand.
Compost,
in cold
Place
two
one
greenhouse " water positionoutdoors
japouioa (Syn. Coohorus japonioa),yellow. May, flore-pleno (double), foliis argenteis variegatia and foliis aureis variegatia (golden-leaved). (silver-leaved) Bean See Phaseolus. Kidney (Phaseolus vulgaris). Kidney-bean-tree (Wistaria sinensis). See Wistaria. Fern Kidney (Trichomanes reniforme)."Stee Trichomanes. See Anthyllis. Vetch. Kidney Fern (Trichomanes radicans). See Trichomanes. Kiliarney Willow Kilmarnock (SalixCaprea pendula). See Salix. (Osmunda regalis). See Osmunda. King^ Fern See AnssctochUus. King'-plant. Flovwer (Eueomis rcgia). See Eucomis. King's King's Spear (Asphodeluslutea " A. ramosa). See Asphodelus. Ord. Malvaceae. ing FlowerKltaibelia. Hardy perennial herb. " orn. foliage. First introduced 1801. Foliage,vine-like. bery. CULTUEE: Soil, ordinary. Position, open, large border or shrubCULTIVATED:
SPECIES
G
to
10
ft., China,
K.
and
its
varieties
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
Plant, Oct. or
April;
seeds
down
or
April. Propagate by division in April.
of roots
in
Oct-
outdoors
225
I
SPEOIBS
CU-LTIVATED:
Europe. Kleinia bluish
OABDENINO.
OF
MNOYOLOPMBIA K.
Titifolia, white
and
rose,
6
summer,
to
8
ft., E.
with fleshycylindrical Greenhouse jperennials and curious a K. articulata leaves. (Candle Plant), grey used for K. in windows. carpet for culture interestingplant repens First introduced, 1759. Nat. S. Africa. bedding in summer. CULTURE: Compost, equal parts loam, jjeat,leaf-mould, broken
(Candle Plant). "
silver sand. Pot in spring. Position, sunny part of gfreen45" to 50"; March to windows Oct. house in rooms. or near Tempto Water March March, freelyin to Oct. 55" to 60". sparingly Oct. For outdoor summer. culture, plant out late in May " lift again in Oct. Propagate by cuttings of shoots dried for a few hours before insertion and then inserted in grittycompost any time during summer. Plant, K. SPECIES CULTIVATED." articulata (Syu. Gaoalia articulata). Candle creeping, 8. Atrioa; S. Africa; fiooidee, white, summer, yellow, IS in., sunimer, 1 ft., and autumn, Galpini, orange, red. May, 2 ft., S. Africa; fulgens, orange S. Africa; nerifolia, yoUow, winter, i ft.. Canaries; pendula, vermilioii and orange, autumn, Somaliland; repens, white, June, creeping, S. Africa. Knee Holly (Euscus aculeatus). See Euscus. Star Knight's Lily (Hippeastrum equestre). See Hippeas-
crocks, and
"
"
trum.
KniphOfia (Eed-hot Poker Plant; Torch Lily; Liliaceae. Hardy herbaceous perennials. Plants of
Ord. aspect and Formerly known
Club noble
tall stems. with showy flowers borne in spikes on of Tritoma. under the genericname with CULTUEE: manure. Soil, sandy, well enriched Nov. well-drained borders. or Plant, April. sunny, Water in April with well-decayed manure.
Lily) "
Position, nually Top-dress anfreely in dry
week once a Apply liquid manure during spring " summer. weather in Protect in covering severe summer. by plants of dry leaves or straw. f in. deep in sandy Propagate by seeds sown boxes in cold frame in March soil in shallow or April; transplanting seedlingsoutdoors when large enough to handle; division of roots in Nov. or April.
weather
to established
K. aloides uvaria), red and yellow, (Syn. Tritoma 3 ft., B. autumn, Burohellii, scarlet, yellow and green, apricot yellow, Sept., 1 ft.,Abyssinia; oaulescens, reddish salmon, oarnosa, yellow, Aug., 2 ft., Abyssinia; oorallina, July, 4 to 6 ft., S. Africa; carposa, scarlet,autumn, 3 ft.,hybrid; Lcitchlinii, red and yellow, Aug., 4 ft., Abyssinia; Macowanii, orange-red, Aug., 1 ft., S. Africa; Northise, yellow and red, Jxily,1 ft., S. Africa ; pnmila, orange-red, Aug., 18 in., S. Africa ; Eooperi, orange-red,summer, 2 ft., Kaffraria; Tuckii, yellow and red, June, 4 ft.. Cape Colony. Knotted Marjoram (Origanum Marjoram), See Origanum. SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
i
autumn, Africa;
ft., S. Africa;
"
Knotweed.
"
Polygonum.
See
(Summer or Mock Cypress).Ord. Chenopodiacese. Hardy annual. " green, Flowers, uninteresting. Leaves, narrow tint in early autumn. changing to a brilliant crimson-purple seeds in borders. Sow CULTUEE : Soil, ordinary. Position, sunny 55" in into soil in of a March; seedlings pots transplant temp, light off in cold each out 2 harden " ftor a frame, boxes, apart plant way iu Kochia
"
orn.-leaved
June. CULTIVATED
SPECIES
Koelreuteriai Nat.
tree.
lawn
or
N.
K. eooparia, 2 to 3 ft.,Europe Ord. Sapindacese. Hardy deciduous flowering First introduced A gfraceful for tree 1763.
:
"
China.
shrubbery.
CULTUEE: Oct. to March.
Soil, ordinary. Position, open
Pruning unnecessary. 226
but
Propagate by
sheltered.
Plant,
cuttingsof young
BNOYCLOPMBIA
OF
shoots, inserted in sandy soil under
GARDENING.
BPE0IE8
CULTIVATED
in Sept. K. bipinnata, yellow,
:
in
hand-light or
April or May; layeringbranches
or
cold
Crame
iu
Oct.
summer,
ft., China
10
;
paniculata,
yellow, July, 10 to 15 ft., China. Kohl-Rabii See Brassica. "
Kolpakowsky's Tulipa. Korolkow's Kramer's
Tulip
Tulip
(Tulipa
kolpakowskyana).
Sec
"
(TulipaKorolkowi)."See Tulipa.
Lily (LiliumKrameri)."
Kum-quat
(Citrusjaponica). Ord.' Leguminosse. "
LablChea^ Nat. Australia. CULTUEE well-drained
"
First introduced
See
See Lilium. Citrus. Greenhouse
flowering shrub-
1840.
Position, Compost, equal parts peat, loam, " sand. into Prune pots in light,sunny greenhouse. Pot, March. Feb. Water shape, moderately, Oct. to April; freely afterwards. to Sept. 55" to 65"; Sept.to March 45" to 55". Temp., March Requires plenty of air, April to Oct. Propagate by cuttings of firm shoots insorted in sand, under in cool greenhouse,June to Aug. bell-glass :
CULTIVATliiD
SPECIES
Labrador Laburnum
:
L.
lanoeolata, yellow, spring,
Tearplant
to
6 ft.
Ledum.
(Ledum
latifolium)."See Ord. Leguminosse.
(Golden Chain) First introduced floweringtrees. "
CTJLTtnRE ; Oct. to March.
1
Soil, ordinary.
duous deci-
Hardy
1596.
Position, sunny
shrubberies.
Plaut,
Prune
directlyafter flowering. May also be trained doors over J in. deep outpergolas,arches, etc. Propagate by seeds sown in March or April; by layers,Oct. or Nov. ; varieties by grafting in March; or budding in July on common species. Seeds are poisonous. CULTIVATED: L. Adami (Purple Laburnum), yellow or purple, and Laburnum 20 ft., a graft hybrid between tuICytisus purpureus of flowers often has its racemes half-yellow and half -purple ; alpinum (Scotch gare, its Parksii varieties and Laburnum), yellow, June, 15 to 20 ft,, Europe, and L. vulgare (Common Laburnum Wateri. Golden or Chain), yellow, spring, 20 to its varieties foliis-aureis or aureum 30 ft., Europe, and (golden-leaved),queroifolium fasti(Oak-leaved), Carlieri (long racemes), serotinum (late flowering), monstrosum SPECIES
spring, 15
giatum
to
(erect growing).
Lace-bark Lace Fern Lace-leaf Lachenalia
Pine (Pinus burgeana)." See Pinus. (Cheilanthesmyriophylla elegans). See "
Plant
Cheilanthes.
(Ouvirandra fenestralis).See Ouvirandra. Liliaceae. (Cape Cowslip; Leopard Lily). Ord. "
"
Greenhouse bulbous Nat. S. Africa. floweringplants. Deciduous1752. First introduced two OTJLTUEE : Compost, parts fibrous sandy loam, half -part leaf" one silver mould, half-part decayed cow manure, part tiver or coarse well-drained baskets sand. Position, pots, pans, or ; light. Pot, Aug., plactng six bulbs ^ in. deep in a 5 in. pot, or 1 to 2 in. apart in pans " placepots in cold frame After potting,water until Nov., baskets. or shelf in to airy Water then remove greenhouse. Temp., 45" to 55". well advanced. moderately when growth begins; freelywhen Apply when flower weak stimulants occasionally spikesform; discontinue After floweringgradually withhold in bloom. when water, place pots
Growing positionoutdoors, " keep quite dry to ripen bulbs. June to color) to June; restingperiod, SeptForcing (L. triperiod,Sept. in sunny :
Pot
55" to 65".
"
treat
as
Propagate
until Nov., then remove above offsets removed " placed in by
into
temp, of separate pots at
pottingtime. SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
L.
anrea,
yellow, spring, 1 ft.; lilaoina,lilao,spring,
227
1
2
ENCYCLOPMDIA 8 1
in. J
pendula, yellow, red,
and
purple,
6
and
ft.; tricolor, quadrioolor, red, green,
spring,
GARDENINO.
OF
in.; trioolor, red and yellow, spring, yellow; Tiolaoea, yiolet and green,
1 ft.
Lactuca border
Hardy
(Flowering perennials "
and Edible Compositae. Lettuce)." Old. duced introlettuce salad vegetables. Edible
1562.
tion, PosiLETTUCE: Soil, sandy loam. March. border. Oct. Plant, or Propagate dryish open, sunny, in April; division of roots in March. by seeds sown J in. deep outdoors CULTURE OP EDIBLE LETTUCE : Soil, light,rich, deeply due. well manured. borders for south Position, spring " winter crops ; open, for Sow seeds in. summer J deep in light soil in temp. sunny crops65" in Jan., Feb., or March, in March, April, " for planting outdoors in in of bed rich soil in sunny March, April,May, spot outdoors May; in Aug. " June, for planting out in April,May, June, " July; outdoors " Sept., for planting out in Sept. " Oct.; in cold frames in Oct., for 12 in. asunder. Plant, 10 in. apart in rows planting out in March. Blanch varieties by tying bast round outside week before cos a reeach newly planted seedlingwith a cordon Surround required for use. of soot Water lime. or dry. freelywhen first planted, if weather able Cabbage varieties best for poor dry soil ; cos for heavy " rich soil. Suitartificial manures : Superphosphate of lime appliedbefore planting at the rate of li lb. per square rod; nitrate of soda when plantsbegin to freely,at rate of IJlb. to square rod grov/ applylatter in showery weather. For producing seed, plant in poor soil m April or Hay. Seed CULTDRE
OP
FLOWERING
"
retains grown
vegetative powers for four years; best heart produced by plants lettuce ought to be grown in cold two-year-old seed. Winter
from
frames during winter, " in 10 to 12 weeks. Seeds
planted out germinate
in March. in 8 days.
Crop
reaches
maturity
or dug " well manured of stable : dung and 3 cwt. superphosphate winter. in during ploughed Apply 1 cwt. of nitrate per acre when Sow seeds under nt soda per acre glass in Feb. crop is well up. in open, and onwards and plant out 9 in. apart in April. Sow in March One " winter pound of seed sufficient for an acre. crops in Aug. lettuce by tying with bast 10 days before cutting. Market Blanch cos of One ounce Average yield per acre, 1,400 score. by dozen or score. for seeds retain vegetativepowers seed will yield3,000 plants- Lettuce and germinate in 8 days. Average price per doz.. Is. to 3s. 5 years, L. alpina (Syn. Mulgedium alpinum), blue, Aug., 3 ft., CULTIVATED SPECIES : macrohiza 3 ft., Himalayas; (Syn. Mulgedium N. laacroliiza),purple, autumn, Europe; 8 ft., Pyrenees; Plumieri (Syn. Mulgedium Plumleri), purple, summer, Scariola edible lettuce, Europe (Britain). (Syn. Sativa), parent of the oultivated Ladder Fern (Nephrolepis exaltata). See Nephrolepis. , Lad's-love (Artemesia Aorotanum)." -See Artemesia. Fern Lady (Asplenium Filix-foemina).See Asplenium. Grass Lady (Phalarisarundinacea variegata). See Phalaris. Orchis (Orchis purpurea). See Orchis. Lady
Market
Culture
previous winter.
:
Soil, deeply ploughed
Manures
20
tons
"
"
"
"
Lady-in-the-Bower Bovwer Lady's Lady's Fingers Garters Lady's
(Nigelladamascena). See Nigella. (Clematisvitalba). See Clematis. See Authyllis. (Anthyllisvulneria\" (Phalaris arundinacea variegata). "
"
"
Phalaris.
Lady's Lady's
Hair
(Briza media)." See Briza.
Pincushion
(Armeria maritima). "
228
See
Armeria.
See
BNOrOijOPMDtA
OF
QABBMiJilfO.
SPECIES: L. FIoe-Beginffi (Queen's Flower), rosy purple, summer, Asia. 6 to GREENHOUSE L. iudica SPECIES: (Indian Lilac), pink, summer, Trop. Asia; indica alba, white.
10
STOTE
20
to
ft., Trop.
10
ft.,
Hardy orn. (Hare's-tail Grass)."Ord. Gramineae. white, borne heads, m downy ; grass. egg-shaped June decorations. to Sept. Very useful in dried state for winter Gather CULTUEE : Soil,ordinary. Position,open dryish borders. inflorescence for drying in Aug. seeds sown Jin. by deep Propagate outdoors in April,where plants are requiredto grow, or in well-drained in April. in Oct., planting outdoors pans of light soil in cold frame Lasurus
annual
Inflorescence
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
L. ovatus, 1 ft., S. Europe (Britain). Ord. Gramineae. annual Hardy orn. grass. First introduced 1770. " golden; June Inflorescence plume-like, silky to Sept. Useful in a dried state for winter decorations. CULTUEE : Soil,ordinary. Position, patches in open sunny borders. Gather inflorescence for winter in Aug. use Propagate by seeds sown Jin. deep outdoors in April where are required to grow, or in plants well-drained .soil of in in cold frame Oct., planting outdoors light pans in April.
Lamarckia.
SPECIES
"
"
CULTIVATED:
L. aurea, 8 in., S. Europe. Mint See Mentha. (Mentha viridis)." Lettuce (Valerianellaolitoria). See
Lamb Lamb's Lamb's Lamium
"
Valerianella.
Tong^ue (Stachyslanata). See Stachys. (Dead-Nettle). Ord. Labiatae. Hardy perennialherbs. "
"
Flowering egg or heart-shaped,with serrated " white. bronze, margins, golden, green, CULTUEE borders. L. : Soil, ordinary. Position, dryish, sunny effective for dwarf borders in aureum summer. edging plant very "
Plant, Oct.
or
April. Propagate by
CULTIVATED:
SPECIES
yellow, Land
foliage. Leaves,
orn.
1
ft., Europe
L.
division
of roots, Oct. or March. leaves -variegated with golden
aureum,
(Britain).
Cress
Lantana Verbenacese. First introduced POT CULTUEE
maoulatum
(Barbarea prsecox). See "
Barbarea.
Sage; Surinam (Jamaica Mountain Greenhouse " half-hardy evergreen
Tea-plant). Ord. "
flowering
shrubs.
1690. :
Compost,
two
parts loam,
one
part peat,leaf-mould,
little sand, "
charcoal. Position, well-drained decayed manure, in March. Water light greenhouse. Pot, firmly, pots freely,Apiil to Oct.; moderately, Oct. to April. into shape, Feb. Prune Temp., Oct. 45" to 55"; March to March, to Oct., 55" to 65". Apply weak stimulants twice weekly.May to Sept. once or OUTDOOE CULTUEE : Soil, rich sandy. Position, sunny dryish beds or borders. Lift in Sept.; repot " replace in Plant, June. 1-16 in. deep in wellgreenhouse for winter. Propagate by seeds sown drained of " or in leaf-mould, sandy peat pots pans temp, of 70" to B0" in Feb., March, or April; by cuttings of firm shoots 2 to 3 in. long inserted in small pots of sandy peat under in temp, of 55" to bell-glass 65" in Aug. or Sept. of or side shoots 2 in. long by cuttings ; young inserted above as m or temp. 60" to 70", March April. SPECIES CULTIVATED: L. Camara, G tb 8 ft., Trop. America; violet, summer, 2 to 3 ft., Trop. America; niyea, white, summer, trifolia,red, summer, 3 ft.* Trop'. Numerous varieties superior to species in trade list". America. Lantern-flOVtfer (AbutilonDarwinii)."See Abutilon. Ord. Liliacsae. Greenhouse " half-hardy Lapaseriai flowering Nat. Chili. climber. First introduced 1847. Evergreen. or
'
"
230
UNCYOLOPMDIA
OF
GARDENING.
three parts fibrous peat, one part sand " charcoal. Position, shady loam, on" in large well-drained pots, tubs, beds, or borders, with shoots trained walls to trellises or rafters of greenhouse. Pot or plant, Feb. or up Water March. Good or freely,April to drainage very essential. March until flowers afterwards. from Sept.; moderately Syringe daily March. tilate Venin Prune dead shoots or sickly develop. only away March 40" to Oct. to March, 50"; freely,April to Oct. Temp., INDOOR
CULTURE
:
to 65".
Foliage
Compost, part equalproportionsof
to Oct., 55"
must
be
kept free
insects.
from
loam. Position, Soil, equal parts peat : Oct. or in S. of March, west walls, sheltered, England only. Plant, Water in severe weather. in weU-drained bed. Protect freelyin dry in well-drained in. seeds weather. sown pots or J deep Propagate by 55" 65" in March of to leaf in " or -mould of sandy peat temp, pans autumn. in shoots in or spring sandy peat April; by layering strong OUTDOOR
SPEOIES albiflora
"
CULTURE
OtJLTITATED
Lapeyrousia.1
plants.
Nat.
L.
:
rose,
rosea,
"
of Good
Cape
Hope.
15 to
summer,
superba, crimson. Iridacese. Ord.
(white),and
20 ft. ; and
its varieties
bulbous
Hardy
flowering
introduced 1791. " leaf -mould. loam
First
Position, CULTURE OUTDOOR : SWl, sandy in. 4 rockeries. bulbs well-drained borders deep " Plant, or sunny Sin. apart, Sept. to Oct. CULTURE: POT Compost, equal parts sandy loam, leaf -mould, " sand. Position, cold frame, Sept. to Feb.; cool or cold greenhouse with afterwards. Pot, Sept.,placing six bulbs in a 6-in. pot, " cover when Water newgrowth cinder ashes till growth begins. moderately till potting time. Propagate by commences; keep dry after flowering at planting or potting time, " treated as old bulbs. offshoots removed oruenta), crimson, sumL. oruenta OULTrFATED: (Syn. Anomathcoa SPECIES in 1 ft.,tender, best grown grandiflora,red and yellow, summer, nier, 1 ft., hardy; l)ota. Larch (Larix europsea). See Larix. "
Lardizabala.! Orn.
climber.
CULTURE: border
drained
"
Berberidaceae.
Ord.
Hai:dy
evergreen
flowering
foliage. Nat. Chili. First introduced 1848. " peat. Position, Soil, equal parts sandy loam at
of S.
base
or
W.
walls.
well-
Plant, Sept., Oct., March,
April. Prune away dead or straggly shoots only in April. Suitable also for growing against walls in cold greenhouses or conservatories. inserted in sandy Propagate by cuttingsof firm shoots, 1 to 2 in, long, under in temp. 45" to 55", " peat in well-drained bell-glass, loam pots
or
spring
or
SPECIES
autumn. CULTIVATED
" :
L.
(Larch). Ord.
Larix
"
biternata, purple, autumn, IS to 20 ft. trees. Coniferae. Hardy deciduous
First introduced
Grown
1629.
timber purposes. tion, stony, or any except heavy clay. PosiCULTURE : Soil, gravelly, situations from sheltered north; low, damp hill slopesor banks, for planting,3 to 4 ft. each Distance Plant in autumn. not suitable. Land old. best trenched a two good to plant, Best years
largelyfor
way.
spit deep acre
age before at 3
planting. ft.,4,840;
Number
at 4
of trees
required to plant an
perial im-
ft.,2,722. Average cost of two-year-old
Cost of planting trees per acie, 20s. Thinning per 1,000, 12s. 6d. should contain Each old. acre five at imperial should commence years twentieth at fifteenth at 900 600, tenth ; at year ; about 1,200 trees year and 300 in thirtieth ber at twenty-fifth 450, y ear; year; latter numyear; when 30 to 40 to 70 attain Trees maturity to be permanent crop. 231 trees
ENCYCLOPJUDIA old.
years a
pound, 5,000.
130 ft.
seed
Bears
Weight
when of
of timber
Weight
GABDENING.
OF
a
per
of seeds in Number old. years bushel of seed, 141b. Average height, of cubic feet cubic foot, 33 lb. Number 30
to 40
Average price per cubic foot, 9d. to Is. Timber u.sed for fencing,pit wood, scaffold poles, and boat building. Quantity 1 in. of seeds to sow of bed. 100 ft. square Propagate by seeds sown in March. Transplant deep in beds 4 ft. wide with 1 ft. alleysbetween, seedlings when two years old. timber
to
SPECIES
a
ton, 58.
CULTIVATED: to 120 ft.,
L.
dayurioa,
10
to
20
ft., Siberia;
(Common
europsea
and its varieties glauca pendula, pendula and sibirica (Siberian Larch) ; G-riffithii (Sikkim Laroh), 30 to 40 ft., Himalayas ; (Japanese Larch), also known as leptolepis japonioa,30 to 40 ft., .Tapan ; occi-
Laroh),
60
Europe;
dentalis
(American Larch), 100 to 150 ft., N. ft., N. America. S"e Delphinium. Larkspur, Las land See Tibouchina. ra."
70 to
-pendula
America;
(Black Larch),
80
"
Lasthenia.
"
Ord.
Compositae.
Hardy
First
annuals.
duced intro-
1834.
CULTUEE
beds,
Soil, ordinary.
:
borders.
Propagate by plants are required to grow for similarlyfor spring flowering. or
Position, seeds
sown
sheltered
warm,
J in.
flowering; in
shimmer
rockeries,
deep in April,wheje Sept. or
CULTIVATED:
SPECIES
California;
Latania
L. glabrata (Syn. californica),yellow, summer, glabrata glaberrima, yellow, June, 1 ft. Stove Palms. (Bourbon Palm). Ord. Palmaceae. "
Oct., 1
ft.,
Orn.
foliage.
Leaves, fan-shaped,bright green. CULTURE coal : Compost, two parts loam, one part peat " a little char" sand. in stove. of Pot, Position, well-drained part shady pots
Feb.
March.
or
Water
freely,March
Sept.; moderately afterwards. to other times. Temp., March to 65". Propagate by seeds sown soil in temp, of 80" to 90", Feb., March, or to
Syringe once daily in winter; twice Sept,65'^ to 75"; Sept.to March, 55" Jin. deep in rich light
April. L. Commersonii, SPECIES CULTIVATED : feltii (Syn. L. aurea), 7 ft., Mauritius.
Lathyrus
Hardy
7
ft.,Mauritius
(EverlastingPea; Sweet herbaceous perennial
annuals 1700.
"
Pea).
and
"
climbers.
Bourbon
;
Verschaf-
Ord. Legumiuosse. duced introPea Sweet
SWEET PEA: Soil, rich ordinary, well manured. in sunny borders, shoots supported by tree branches ; in open against sunny walls or fences; in sunny wyidow boxes; in rows Sow seeds three or four in a 3-in. pot in light soil in temp. garden. outdoors in May; 2ip. 55 to 65" in March., or transplanting seedlings or deep, and 3 to Bin. apart in March April,where plants are to grow. Water twice liberallyin dry weather. once or Apply liquid manure seed pods as they form, to ensure weekly to plants in flower. Remove Grow other annual plenty of flowers. speciesthus. CULTUEE four seeds 1 in. deep in 3-in. pots in temp. 4j" POT : Sow to 55" in March. " Compost, two parts loam, one part leaf-mould sand. Transfer four seedlings,when 2 in. high, to a Sin. pot. Support shoots with small tree branches. Water liberally. Apply liquid when flowers show. Grow in cool greenhouse or window manure when in flower. EXHIBITION OR SPECIAL CULTURE Grow in circular : groups 3 ft. apart, or and in trenches 2 ft. wide 18 in. wide and 2 ft. deep. Dig out soil to depth of 2 ft. Fork into subsoil 2 in. of rotten
CULTUEE
OF
Position, groups
manurej
232
UNOYCLOP^DIA then
till up
hole
GARDENING.
OF
each of trench to within 2 in. of top. Add a handful kainit superphosphate to each hole, or lineal yard of trench, " fork in. Sow seeds 1 in. deep " 3 in. apart in March or in groups trenches ; or five seeds in a three-inch pot of good soil in cold frames in March, " plant out seedlings4 to 6 in. apart in April. Stake early. Feed with half-ounce of sulphateof ammonia Give to gallon of water. or
and
3
each group lineal yard of row or of shoots when of sticks is reached. points top
gallonsto
once
a
Remove
week.
spent
Nip
off
blooms
daily. CULTUEE
OF
PERENNIAL
Soil, ordinary deep
SPECIES:
rich.
Position, against sunny walls, fences, arbours, or tree stump or Plant, Oct., Nov., March, or April. Apply liquidmanure occasionally banks.
in to
of
close Prune stems freelyin dry weather. away pagate Prowith in March. ground Top-dress decayed manure in soil 55" 65" in in to planting transMarch, by light temp. seedlingsoutdoors in May ; or outdoors in April ; by division in March roots or April.
summer.
Water in Oct. seeds sown
ANNUAL SPECIES: L. odoratus (Sweet Pea), various, 6 to 10 ft., Italy; 4 to 6 ft.,Tangrier. tiiig:itanus(Tangier Pea), purple and red, summer, PEEBNNIAL SPEOIES 5 ft., S. Europe; grandiaorus, rofly crimson, summer, : L. latifolius or Sylvestris platyphyllus (Everlasting Pea), red, crimson and violet/ 8 to 10 ft.,Europe; latifolius altus, white; Isetlflorus, 10 ft.,California; flesli, summer, to magellanicus (Lord Anson's Pea), purple, June Sept., 6 to 8 ft.. Straits of 6 ft., Asia undulatus Magellan; rotundifolius, rosy pink, summer, Minor; (Syn. Sibthorpii), rosy purple.May and June, 2 to 3 ft.,Dardanelles; splendens, carmineOalifomia. red, summer,
Lattice-leaf
See Ouvirandra. (Ouvirandra fenestralis). (Prunus Laurocerasus). See Prunus. (Bay Tree; Sweet Bay; Victor's Laurel; Poet's Laurel).
Laurel
"
"
Laurus Ord.
Plant
"
LaurinesB.
duced tree. Orn. foliage. First introevergreen 1562. Flowers, male " female born on separate trees, yellow, insignificant. Berries, dark ;purple; ripe,Oct. Leaves, lance-shaped, dark
green, CULTURE
shrubberies
Hardy
aromatic; used tor flavouringpurposes. : Soil, ordinary. Position,open, sunny lawns, sheltered borders. in or Plant, Sept., March, or April. Prune
April. TUBS : Compcst, two paits loam, one part leaf-mould well-drained in summer. Position, Plant, Sept.,Oct., March, proof or April. Place outdoors. May to Oct., cool greenhouse or other frostWater little,Oct. to April; freely place, Oct. to May. very afterwards. Propagate by cuttingsof shoots, 3 to 4 in. long, inserted in sandy soil under hand-lightsin shady place outdoors, Aug., Sept., in Sept. or Oct. shoots Oct. or ; layering CiTLTIVATED SPECIES : L. nobilis, 20 to 40 ft., S. Europe. IN
CULTURE
" sand.
(Viburnum Tinus). See Viburnum. Labiatse. flowering Hardy (Lavender). Ord. First introduced 1568. Flowers, highly esteemed Evergreen. for perfumery fragrance in a dried state, and for distilling
Laurustinus Lavandula shrubs. for their
purposes. CULTURE Plant, March
"
"
Position, warm, dry, " sunny. foot in asunder. 2 ft. Water rows or apart Sept., a weather. Prune into in plants shape,March occasionally dry straggfljr for when Gather blossoms a drying or distilling or they assume April. colour. brown Dry slowly in shade " store in dry place. Leaves of all species pulled off large fragrant. Propagate by small branches :
Soil, ordinary light.
233
i}NOtCL0pMDiA plants Sept.;
inserted
"
also
by
in
ordinary soil in
seeds
positionoutdoors, April or
sunny
in
outdoors
sown
OAttDtlNING.
OF
April.
manured. well 1 ft. offsets Plant from east. sheltered north and Position, southerly, each each in ft. 3 Oct. way. apart apart Following transplant way For first two three years or inter-crop with radishes, lettuces, etc. with 20 loads of decayed dung and 1 cwt. superTop-dress in autumn phosphate Gather flowers earlyin Aug. in dry weather only. per acre. of planta."20 to ^640. tion, Average duration Average returns per acre, Cultubb:
Mabket
10
years.
SPECIES S.
"
gravelly loam,
Soil, deep
CULTIYATED
Europe. Lavatera. annuals.
:
L.
lilao
vera,
or
bltte,fragrant, July and
Aug.,
3
ft.,
Half-hardy biennials (Tree Mallow). Ord. Malvaceae. Flowering " orn. foliage. Leaves, hand-shaped, green, or "
variegated with
white. BIENNIAL SPECIES: Soil; ordinary. Position, sheltered, dryish borders. Plant, June. warm, tion, PosiCULTURE OF ANNUAL SPECIES : Soil, ordinary lightrich. beds borders. Sow seeds in. where are quired reor deep plants J sunny biennial seeds to grow in Slept, or by species April. Propagate in pots or boxes of light soil in temp, of 55" to 60" in March or sown in or outdoors, or April; position May. April sunny BIENNIAL SPECIES: L. arborea 8 to 10 ft.. (Tree Mallow), purple, autumn, Europe (Britain). L. trimestris, rose, summer, ANNUAL SPECIES: 4 to 6 ft.,8. Europe; trlmestris alba, white. Lavender (Lavandula vera). See Lavandula. CULTURE
OF
"
Lavender lina. Lavender Lawn Lawn
Cotton
(Santolinachamsecyparissus).See
Santo-
"
Grass
(Molinia caerulea)."See Molinia. (Sagina subulata). See Sagina. See Spurrey." Sagina. Lawson's Cypress (Cupressuslawsoniana). See Cupressus. Layia (Tidy-tipsFlower). Ord. Compositae. Hardy annuals. Pearl-wort
"
"
"
First introduced 1834. CULTURE bed or borders. pagate Pro: Soil, ordinary. Position, sunny 1-16 in. deep in light mould in temp. 55" to 65" by seeds sown in April,transplanting seedlings outdoors end of May ; or outdoors in where to are required plants April, grow. L. oalliglossa (Syn. Oiyura CULTIVATED SPECIES : ohrysantliemoiaes), yellow 1 ft., N. America; 1 ft., California elcgans, yellow and white, Bummer, summer, 1 ft., California. platyglossa (Syn. Callichroa yellow, summer, platyglofi"a), Lead Plant (Amorpha cauescens). See Amqrpha. Lead-WOrt" See Plumbago and Ceratostigma. "
"
Leaf-floweringr
Cactus
(Epiphyllum truncatum).
"
See
Epiphyllum. Leather
Flower
(Clematis viorna)."See Clematis.
Leather-wood
See Cyrilla. (Cyrillaracemiflora)." (Cedrus Libani)."See Cedrus. (Labrador Tea; Marsh Rosemary). Ord. Ericaceie. floweringshrubs. Evergreen. First introduced 1762. Lebanon Ledum
Cedar
"
CULTURE: Soil, equal parts peat, leaf -mould, " beds or borders in company with open, well-drained etc.
Plant, Oct., Nov..
Propagate by
seeds
sown
or
March, disturbing roots 1-16 in.
deep, in 234.
a
Hardy
sand.
Position, azaleas, kalmias,
little as possible. as well-drained pan of sandy
ENCYCLOPEDIA
peat in in
cold frame Sept. or Oct.
in March
a
GARDENING.
OF
by layering in Sept.; division
;
of roota
L. glandulosum, white, spring-,3 to 6 ft., California; Tea), wliite,April, 3 ft., N. America; palustre (Marali Kosernary), white, May, 2 ft., N. Europe. Leea. Orn. Ord. foliage. Nat. Ampelidaceae. Stove Shrub. Borneo. First introduced 1880. Leaves, feather-shaped,bronzybelow. above, and dark-red gi"een, stripedwith white CULTURE : Compost, two parts loam, one part well-decayedmanure " one leaf-mould or Position, well-drained part sharp silver sand. Feb. to Sept..65" to in March. March shade. Pot, or Temp., pots SPECIES latifolium
CULTIVATED:
(Labrador "
to Sept., 55" to 65"Water March, freely, March to afterwards. moderately Syringedaily,April Aug. Propagate by inserted in sandy soil under of side shoots bell-glassin temp. cuttings 75" to 85" in spring. L. amabilis, 3 ft. ; amabilis splendenii,superior form. SPECIES CULTIVATED : See Allium. Leek." Hardy flowering Leioptiyllum (Sand Myrtle). Ord. Ericaceae.
75"; Sept.
to
"
shrubs. CULTUEE
First
Evergreen.
introduced
1736.
Soil, equal parts peat, leaf-mould,
:
"
sand.
Position,
beds or borders. Plant, Oct., Nov., or margins of well-drained open, in in. 1-16 seeds March. sown Propagate by deep well-drained pan of in cold frame March; by layering in Sept. sandy peat in a L. buxifolium buxitolium), white. May, (Syn. Ledum SPECIES CULTIVATED: 1 ft., Carolina; buxifolium prostratum (Syn. Lyonii), prostrate growing. Grass Lemon (Andropogon Schsenanthus). See Andropogon. Lemon Oil-plant (CitrusLimonum). See Citrus. Geranium Lemon-scented (Pelargoniumcrispum). See "
"
"
Pelargonium. Gum-tree
Lemon-scented
(Eucalyptus citriodora).
See
citriodorus).
See
"
Eucalyptus. (Thymus
Tiiyme
Lemon-scented
"
Thymus. Verbena (Lippiacitriodora).See Lippia. (CitrusLimonum)." See Citrus. duced First intro(Lentils).Ord. Leguminosae. Hardy annual.
Lemon-scented
"
Lemon-tree Lens
"
broad,
feather-shaped. Pods, about fin. long, ^in. in soups, etc. Seeds, edible, used chiefly borders. Sbw Position, sunny Soil, light, ordinary.
Leaves,
1548.
containingtwo
CULTURE seeds 2in. the Allow
:
seeds.
drills 18 in. asunder early in April. then pullup, dry thoroughly grow till quiteyellow, in the sun, gather pods " store in a dry placetill required for use. to Aug., 1 ft..Orient. L. esoulentea, blue, June CULTIVATED : SPECIES Rose Lenten (Helleboruscolchicus).See Helleborus. Lentils (Lens esculentea).See Lens. See Narcissus. pseudo-narcissus)." Lent Lily (Narcissus and halfGreenhouse Ord. Labiatse. LeonotiS Ear). (Lion's
deep " plants to
apart in
2 in.
"
"
"
hardy flowering
shrub.
CULTURE
INDOOR
:
First introduced Evergreen. Compost, two parts rich loam,
1712. one
part equal
Position, wellproportions of leaf-mould, charcoal, " silver sand. drained pots in light airy part of greenhouse, Sept. to June; sunny into or April. Prune place outdoors, June to Sept. Pot, March moderately, April to Sept.,very sparingly shape after flowering. Water afterwards. Temp., Sept. to April,40" to 50" ; April to June,
55^to
65".
OUTDOOR
CULTURE
.
:
,
,
Soil,sandy loam. 235
"
.^.
Position,
warm
, " sheltered
,
ENCYCLOPEDIA
GABDENING.
OF
in winter Protect in mild southern districts only. Plant, May. in inserted of shoots bracken straw. or cuttings Propagate by or light sandy soil in temp. 55" to 65" in March April. Young plants bushy require tops of shoots to be removed occasionally to induce border
with
growth. SPECIES Africa.
CULTITATED:
L.
3
orange-soarlet,snmmer,
Leonoras,
Leontice
to
6
ft., S.
Ord. Berberidaceae. (Lion'sLeaf; Lion's Turnip). tuberous-rooted 1597. Hardy perennials. First introduced CULTURE tion, Posi: Soil, equal parts sandy loam, leaf-mould, " sand. sheltered Plant in tubers Sept. or Oct. ; base rockery. sunny only of tuber to be buried in the soil,leaving the upper part exposed. Mulch with cocoanut-fibre refuse or decayed leaves in summer, " protect tubers with covering of ashes in winter. Propagate by offsets removed " planted in Sept. or Oct. 8PE0IBS CULTIVATED: L. Albert! and (Lion's Turnip), brown yellow, spring, 6 to 8 in., Tnrkestan; Leontopetalnm (Lion's Leaf), yellow, spring, 1 ft., Canoasns. Leontopodium (Edelweiss). Ord. Compositse. Hardy perennial herb. Nat. Alps. First introduced 1776. CULTURE : Soil, well-drained, sandy. Position, exposed sunny rockeries. from in Plant, March or April. Protect heavy rains autumn of " winter glass,supported by sticks at by placing a square each corner, above few inches the plants. Gather flowers in Aug., a "
"
dry for preserving. Best results are obtained by raising fresh pagate plants from seed annually, or by dividing old plants in spring. Pro"
by leaf-mould,
seeds
sown
in March
in
a
well-drained
pan
of
a hand-light, or granite chips,placed under frame in a cool shady spot, transplantingseedlingsoutdoors or Sept. ; by division of plantsin April.
"
fine loam, in a cold in Aug.
L. OULTrrATED: to July, suralpinnm (Edelweiss), yellow, May rounded by star-sbaJped, white, cottony involucre, 6 in. Leopard-flower (Belamacauda sinensis). See Belamacauda. Leopard Lily (Lachenaliatricolor).See Lachenalia. Leopard'S-ba.ne (Doronicum Pardalianches). See Doronicum.
SPECIES
"
"
"
Groundsel
Leopard'S-bane
(S"necio Doronicum).
See
"
Seneoio. First Lepidlum (Cress). Ord. Cruciferas. Hardy annual. 1548. introduced " largely Leaves, finelydivided, agreeably flavoured for salads. used in conjunctionwith mustard CULTURE: OUTDOOR Soil, ordinary. Position, open borders. of soil, water, surface and seeds on with Sow boards mats cover or until they germinate; or in drills Jin. deep," Bin. apart. Make first sowing end of March, follow with successional sowings every 10 days Gather until Sept., then for salading when cease. 1 in. high. Two off of sufficient one piece ground. crops Sow INDOOR CULTURE: seed on surface of light soil in shallow with moisten with sheet water, cover of paper, boxes, tepid slate, or position in greenhouse or room. board, " place in warm Sow for succession Two be grown in same soil. Seeds crops may every 7 days. "
te may year.
sown
on
flannel
kept
moist
jn
a
warm
room,
at
any
time
Make Culture the staging or on the : up a bed on heated glass-houseor pit. Place 2 in. of rough manure on " one 2 in. of sifted decayed^manure, inch of fine soil on Stjak the seeds in water level. for 12 hours, then rub
Mabket of
a
then Make
dry
236
of
floor
bed,
top! with
OULTITATBD
SPECIES
:
Leucocrinum." CULTUEE
argentenm, yellow, Aug., 16 ft., 8. Africa. LiliacesB. Ord. Hardy bulbous-rooted
L.
Soil, sandy loam.
:
GABDBNINO.
OF
BNOTOLOPMDIA
nials. peren-
Position, sunny, sheltered nooks of from Protect Plant, Aug. to Nov.
rockery; good drainage needed. in pots of sandy rain in winter by a hand-glass. May also be grown Water moderately when soil in cold greenhouse. Pot in August. growing; keep dry when at rest. Propagate by offsets in autumn. CULTIVATED:
SPECIES
spring,
3
L.
Leucojum dacesB.
Soapwort), white, fragrant, (Californian
montanum
in., Arizona.
(Snowflake; bulbous
Hardy
Amarylh-
Snowdrop). Ord.
Summer
"
plants.
Snowflake (L. Position, Summer Snowflake borders woodlands; Spring or sunny also be Both rockeries. in shady borders or on may in grass. naturalised Plant, bulbs 4 in. deep, " 3 in. apart,Aug. to Nov. do not usually flower first year after planting, and only Bulbs to be lifted " replanted every five to eight years. Propagate require Oct. removed " in or offsets, by replanted Sept. and SPECIES CULTIVATED: L. testiynm Snowflake), white green. (Summer and 1 ft., Europe antumnalis), white green, May, (Britain); hyemale (Syn. Aois Isles; and May, 1 ft., Balearic April, 9 in., Portugal; pulchellum, white green, carand March, 1 ft., Europe; vernum Ternum (Spring Snowflake), white green, paticum, white and yellow. house Leucoposon (AustralianCurrant). Ord. Epacridaceae. GreenFirst duced introflowering shrubs. Evergreen. Nat. Australia. CULTURE
Soil, ordinary rich.
:
sestivum)in (L. vernum)
or
shady
"
1815.
silver fibry peat, one-fourth doors Sept. to July, sunny placeout-
CULTUEE: Compost, three-fourths sand. Position, ligntairy greenhouse
July
to
May, Sept. Eepot, April,
June;
or
good drainage
tial. essen-
lin. of base directlyafter of erect kinds to within flowering; pendulous kinds about half-way. Water moderately at all times. to July. Temp., Sept. to March, Syringe plants daily,March 40" to 50"; March pagate ProStimulants to July, 55" to 60". not essential. seeds surface of sown on sandy peat immediately they ripen by under bell-glass in temp. 55"; cuttings of ends of shoots inserted in placed in cool greenhouse in pots of sandy^peat covered with bell-glass Prune
Aug.
or
April.
SPECIES
white.
shoots
May,
CULTIVATED: 4 to 6 ft.
Leucothoe. CULTUEE open sheltered cold Nov.
Ord. introduced "
First
not
:
lanceolatns, white.
Ericaceae. 1765.
May,
Soil, equal parts peat, leaf-mould, Plant, Sept.,Oct., March,
Propagate by Feb.
or
March;
seeds
8
to
10
ft.; Reiohei,
Hardy flowering shrubs.
borders.
necessary.
frame,
L.
layeringshoots
in
sand.
Position,
April. Pruning deep sandy peat in Oct. or division, Sept.;
1-16 in.
sown
"
green. Ever-
or
in
CULTIVATED: L. axillaris (Syn. Andromeda SPECIES white, May, axillaris), ft., N. States; Oatesbaei (Syn. Andromeda Oatesbsei),white. May, 3 ft., Georgia; DaTJeise, white, July, 1 ft., California; racemosa and (Syn. Andromeda Lyonia raoemosa), white. May, 4 to 6 ft., K. America. 3
Spatlum).
Levtfisia Ord. (Bitter-wort; Portulacaceae. Hardy herbaceous perennials. First introduced 1826. CULTURE: Soil, equal parts sandy loam, peat, " sand. Position, crevices of moist sunny rockeries. Plant, Sept.,Oct., March, or April. Water Leaves occasionallyin dry weather. wither at the time of not be produced at all. flowering, or may Growing above "
period
238
ENCYCLOPEDIA
OF
GARDENING.
ground, about
six weeks. Propagate by seeds of loam " in cool shady frame sandy a pans peat division of the roots in March or April. SPECIES
pink,
CtTLTITATED: L. rediviTa, rose, i is., California.
snmmer,
6
eummer,
in well-drained in March or April;
sown
in., California
;
Tweedyi,
Leycesteria
(Himalayan Honeysuckle; Flowering Nutmeg). troduced First inDeciduous. CaprifoliacecB. Hardy-flowering shrub.
Ord.
"
1824. CULTUEE
borders. sheltered : Soil, ordinary. Position, sunny into shape after flowering. Prune Plant, Oct., Nov., Feb., or March.
Propagate by seeds
deep in light soil in temp. 45" to 55" in light soil and side of shoots inserted April; cuttings similar temp,in April, also of firm shoots inserted in sandy soil under hand-lightlu Sept. or Oct. L. formosa, to Aug., succeeded white and purple, May SPECIES CULTIVATED : by 'purpleberries, 4 to 6 ft., Himalayas ; formosa variegata, leaves variegated. LiatriS (Button Snake-root). Ord. Oompositse. Hardy perennial herbs. First introduced 1732. beds CULTUEE rich, ordinary. Position, open sunny : Soil, light, in 'March
1-16 in.
sown
or
"
borders. Plant, Oct., Nov., March, or April. Cut off decayed in April. Water with in Oct. Mulch freelyin decayed manure soil in. in 1-16 seeds, weather. sown sandy light deep by Propagate dry in Aug. or Sept.,transplanting outdoors seedlingsthe followingMay ; division of plants in March or April. L. pyonostacbya, purijle, CtTLTIYATED: SPECIES Aug., 3 to 4 ft.,N. America; spicata, purple, Aug., 4 to 5 ft., N. scariosa, purple, Aug., 2 to 3 ft., N. America;
or
stems
America,
ing Iridaceae. Hardy evergreen perennials.Floweror 1823. introduced First sword-shaped Leaves, oru. foliage. dark graceful, grass-like, green. CULTUEE: Soil, equal parts sandy loam, peat, and leaf-mould. Plant, borders, or preferably,rockeries. Position, well-drained sunny to Nov. covering Protect, April.,by March, or April. Sept., Oct., Propagate by seeds sown with dry fern, tree leaves, or strawy manure. or soil in cold frame in greenhouse, Aug. to Nov. ; in.
Libertia.
Ord.
"
"
sandy creeping rhizomes,
deep
J
division
of
Libocedrus trees.
or
April.
wMte, June, formosa, tricolor, white, June, Zealand; :
L.
1
1
"
Orn.
glossy, or
March
ft.. Chili ; grandiflora, Zealand. ft., New Ord. Couiferae. Hardy evergreen Cedar). (Incense scale-like, flat, introduced 1847. Leaves, First foliage.
CTTLTITATED white, June, 3 ft.. New SPECIES
milk-green.
small, oblong. Soil, rich CULTUEE:
Habit,
pyramidal
or
column-like. ,
loam;
Cones,
.
subsoil, gravelljr. Position,
warm,
districts in S. of England sheltered; seeds sown Nov. Jin. to deep by Propagate Plant, Sept. only. to April; Oct. frame in cold or soil greenhouse, of in pans sandy in sandy soil in cold cuttings of firm shoots or branchlets inserted under hand-light in Aug. or Sept. or frame L. (Incense chilensis, 60 to 80 ft., Chili; decurrens CULTIVATED: SPECIES Zealand. 70 ft..New douiana, California; 100 ft., Cedar), Greenhouse Aoanthaceae. Ord. shrubby flowering Liboriia. 1864. introduced plants. Evergreen. First as
singlespecimens on
lawns
in mild
"
Compost, equal partsturfy loam, leaf-mould, or decayed Position, light part of greenhouse, Sept. to " little sand. manure or to Sept. Pot, March cold frame, June Aprilin 5-in. June; sunny to after withip Iw. of b^se. shoots 6-i'n. sizes. Prune flowering or CULTUEE
:
239
ENCYCLOPEDIA
GARDENING.
OF
Apply weak moderately, Oct. to April; freely afterwards. stimulants twice once or weekly during flowering period. Syringe 50" to 60" ; to Sept. foliagetwice daily, March Temp., Sept. to March shoots of 1 in March 60" to 70". to June cuttings Propagate by young soil in in well-drained filled with to 2 in. long, inserted sandy pots 75" Feb. to to 85", May. temp. L. floribunda SPECIES CULTIVATED : (properly Jaoobinia panoiflora),yellow, winter, 2 ft,, Brazil; penrhoaieneifl,crimson, wiiiter, 2 ft., hybrid. Licuala. Stove Ord. Palmacese. palms. Orn. foliage. First Water
.
"
1802. introduced Leaves, fan-shaped, green. tion, PosiCULTURE : Compost, two parts peat " one of loam " sand. well-drained in of Feb. to stove. Pot, April. light part pots Water Syringe twice moderately, Oct. to March; freely afterwards. March. March to to to once Temp., March Sept.; daily, daily,Sept. 65" 65". seeds 75" March 55" to to to sown Sept. Propagate by Sept. ; iin. deep in lightrich soil in temp. 80" to 90", Feb., March, or April. SPB0IE3 CULTIVATED Britain; Veitohii, 6 to 8 ft. : L. grandis, 10 ft.. New See Senecio. Ligfularia. "
Lisurian
"
(Privet). Ord. Oleaceae. foliage" flowering. terminal panicles,fragrant. Berries round, Leaves, oblong, oval, " pointed, green, or LigUStrum
shrubs.
See
(Campanula iaophylla).
Bell-flower
"
Orn.
Hardy
deciduous
"
Flowers, white,
shining,black variegated with
or
panula. Camgreen ever-
borne
in
yellow. white
or
yellow. CULTURE : Soil, loam or species good ordinary. Position, common of trees, in open in shrubberies, under shade or as hedges; others in kinds, Oct. to Feb.; evergreen Plant, deciduous open shrubberies. in Prune deciduous kinds in autumn, kinds, Oct. to April. evergreens
April. two spitsdeep " 3 ft. HEDGE CULTURE : Soil, ordinary,trenched wide. Plant, privet (1 to 3 ft. high) 6 to 9 in. apart, Oct. to April. Trim into shape, June " July. Cost of plants per 100, 58. Cost of planting" preparing the soil per lineal yard, 9d. Privet and hawthorn Varieties mon a splendidhedge. suitable. Complanted alternately,makes Privet Privet (L, ovalifolium),and (L. vulgare).Oval-leaved Golden Privet (Ovalifoliumaureum). Also suitable shrubs for growing seeds in town in. 1 s own by Propagate (berries) gardens. deepin open largest seedlingsthe following Oct., ground in Nov., transplanting next the remainder cuttings of young shoots 2 to 4 in. long, iuyear; under serted in a shady positionoutdoors or a hand-light, in summer ; also cuttings of firm shoots 8 to 12 in. long, inserted in shady position in ordinary soil outdoors, Sept. to Nov. ; layering shoots in Sept. or Oct. L. Ibota SPECIES CULTIVATED: (Syn. amuronsis), 3 ft.,Japan; japonioum, 6 to 8 ft., evergreen, 3 to 4 ft., Japan; Japan; japonioum coriaoeum, evergreen, luoidum China; luoidum, 8 to 12 ft., evergreen, tricolor, variegated; ovalifolium ovalifolium (Oval-leaved Privet), 6 to 8 ft., evergreen, Japan; variegatum, leaves blotched with yellow or white; ovalifolium aureum (Golden Privet), golden leaved, much boxes and hedges ; sinense, 10 to 20 ft., evergreen, used for window China ; sinense variegatum, leaves variegated; vulgare (Common Privet), 6 to 10 ft., Britain, deciduous. Lilac (Syringa vulgaris). See Syringa. "
Lilium
(Lily)."Ord. Liliaceas. floweringplants. First introduced OLASSIFICATION
OF
Hardy
and
half-hardybulbous
1596.
LILIUMS
:
340
Erect, cup-shaped flowers (Isoli-
ENCYCLOPEDIA rion
OF
GARDENING.
" vars., group). L. bulbiferum, L. concolor " Tars., L. dauricum li. philadelphioum,L. elegans " vars. flowers (EuliTrumpet-shaped riou group). L. Browni, L. candidum L. cordifolium, L. gigan" vara., L. Krameri, L. longiflorum " vars., L. Parryi, L. washingteum, tonianuni " var. Recurved flowers (Martagon group). L. candadense, Ii. caruiolicum, L. caroliueum, L. chalcedonicum, L. Hansoni, L. Humboldti, L. Leichtlini,L. martagon " vars., L. monadelphum " var-, L. pomponum, L. pyrenaicum, L. superbum " vars., L. tenuifolium, " L. testaceura. Flowers drooping'(Archeliriongroup). L. auratum "
"
"
"
L. vars., OUTDOOR
specioaum
"
vars.,
CULTURE:
L. tigrinum vars., enriched Soil, ordinary,
L.
"
"
roseum.
with chalcedonicum, L.
decayed
croceum for L. bulbiferum, L. candidum, monadelL. L. " L. testaceum; for L. auratum, rich loam martagon, L. pomponum, L. tenuifolium, L. tigrinum, " L. pyrenaicum; cum, for L. Browni, L. giganteum, " L. daurioam, peat, and leaf-mould L. Parryi, L. pardalinum, L. specioL. Hansoni, L. longiflorum, L. superbum, L. Leichtlini. Peat, leaf-mould, " sand for L. canasum,
L.
manure,
f)hum,
dense, L. concolor,L. Humboldti, L. washingtonianum. Position, shady beds or borders for L. Browni, L. cauadense, L- Hansoni, L. pardalinum, L. concolor, L. polyphyllum, L. superbum, L. washingtonianum, L. auratum, shade. L. Leichtlini;others in sun Plant, Oct. to March, or
stem-rootinglilies like auratum, elegans, Hansoni, " tigrinum 6 in. speciosum, Krameri, longiflorum,nepalense. Henryi, the surface; all beneath L. " in. 6 giganteum only just apart; deep inider of silver sand others 4 in. deep " 6 in. apart. Place a handful of 3, 6, or 12 in groups Batemanniaa Brownii, ,
bulbs.
Plant
Dalhousoni,
croceum,
it. each bulb and a little around circumference soil to depth of 18 in. and Remove Special Beds; 6in. Place of 12in. for 3 bulbs, 24 in. for 6 bulbs, 3 ft. for 12 bulbs. In of this. in bottom and case on heavy, wet of cow manure compost level. Mulch rise in. above 4 to surface of bed ordinary subsoils, allow inches of surface first few in with decayed cow manure removing April, with covering of cinder ashes choice kinds during winter soil. Protect leaves turn when flower stems down Cut yellow. or strawy manure. twice weekly once or in very dry weather. Water Apply liquidmanure when plantsare in flower. Remove round Bulbs Impobted : injured scales " surTbeatment of in shallow box refuse bulbs with thin layer of cocoauut-fibre in cool positionuntil latter become plump,then plant out. Transplant Lilies should in Aug. or Sept.; others in Oct. or Nov. L. candidum
unhealthy.
when only be transplanted
CULTURE
POT
"
Ckjmpost, equal parts loam, peat, leaf-mould,
Pot, Sept- to March, manure, or L. auratum, speciosum, L. Harrisi, in a 5 or "
sand.
placing one
bulb
of
decayed L.
6 in. pot, or three in an L. neilL. L. of or philippense, longiflorum, or pot; with then half-fill Put post, com8 in. | 6 in drainage, a or pot. gherense, After with in. of " cover bulbs potting, compost. thereon, J place with 2 in. of place pots in cold frame, greenhouse, or shed, " cover remain till to thus Allow them refuse. cocoanut-fibre ashes cinder or 8
and
10 in.
three
"
crrowth window
begins, then or
cool
room
moderately when Top-dress with compost
Water manure
when
shoots
to
remove
of greenhouse or to a until June, then stand outdoors. in full growth. begins; freelywhen
light airy part
till they flower, or
are
growth equal parts loam, leaf-mould, " decayed in3 high, filling pots to within 4 in. of rim. of
241
ENCYCLOPEDIA
GARDENING.
OF
Suitable twice weekly to plants in full growth. or Soot- water, gruano-water (J oz. to a gallon),liquidcow Temp, for forcing L. Harrisi, L. neilgherense," L. philippense,55" to 65 '^, Repot L. Harrisi annually in Sept.; others in Oct. or Nov., " treat as advised for first potting. After flowering, place water, " keep plants in sunny positionoutdoors, gradually withhold It. Harrisi should, however, never be kept quite dry from Oct. to Feb. pagate Proquite dry, only moderately for six weeks, then watered as beforeboxes of 1-16 in. deep in well-drained or pans by seeds sown or seedlings spring, sandy soil in cold frame in autumn when large enough to handle into similar soil in boxes, " in specially prepared bed outdoors when two years old; offsets or bulbils, planted of sandy soil, or in inch deep " 2 or 3 inches apart in boxes an cold frame autumn. similar soil in sunny m Seedlings flower when three to five years old. six to seven years old ; offsets or bulbils when
Apply liquidmanure stimulants horse manure.
:
transplanting
"
under Those best grown L. longifloram Hairiei gla^s are : to Bunmier" 3 ft., Japan; (Bermada Lily), white, winter nepalense, yellow and purple, autumn, 3 to 4 ft., Nepaul; neilgherense, sulphur-yellow, autumn, 3 ft., Nilghirisj sulphureum superbum), sulphur-yellow and (Syn. Wallichianum 3 ft.,Japan; 6 ft., Burma; wallichianum, white, summer, brown, summer, philippinwhite, Aug., 2 ft.,Philippines. ense, 4 to 5 ft., HARDY SFEOIES: L. auratum, white, yellow, and purple, summer, rarieties, platyphyllum, virginale, Wittei, etc.; Browni, Japan, and its numerous and white and brown, 3 to 4 ft., China Japan; Bolanderi, purple and red, summer, 3 ft., N. America; 3 ft.,Oalifornia; canadense, yellow and red, summer, Bummer, Bourbon 3 ft., Europe; candidum or bulbiferum, red, summer, (Madonna Lily), 3 ft., 8. Europe; 3 ft., Garniolia; chalcarniolicum, red, summer, white, summer, 3 ft.,Greece ; concolor, red, summer, rcdonicum (Turk's Cap Lily), scarlet,summer, 2 to 3 ft., Japan; oroceum oordifolium, white, Aug., 3 ft., Japan; (Orange Lily), June, 3 ft.,8. Europe; Dalhousoni, purple, summer, 5ft., hybrid; dauricum orange, (Syn. daTuricum), yellow, red, and black, June, 3 ft.,Siberia; elegans (Syn. thunbergianum), scarlet, July, 1 to 2 ft., Japan, and its numerous Tarieties; giganteum (Giant Lily), white, July, 10 to 12 ft., Himalayas; Hansoni, yellow, June, 3 to 4 ft., Japan; Henry), orange-yellow, July, 6 to 10 ft., W. China; Humboldti, yellow and purple, July, 5 ft., Oalifornia; japouicum, rase, summer, 2^ ft., Japan, and its varieties Alexandra (white) and Colchesteri ; longiflorum, white, June, 3 ft.,Japan ; and I/eichtlini, yellow and purple, July, 3 ft., Japan; Lowil, white violet, summer, 3 ft., Burma; 3 ft., Europe; Marta(Turk's Cap Lily), purple, summer, Martagon white ; monadelphum album, Bzovitzianum, yellow, June, 4 ft., Caucasus ; gon pardalinum (Panther Lily), orange -crimson, July, 4 to 6 ft., California; Parryi, 3 ft., California; yellow, summer, yellow, July, 4 ft., California; pomparTum, 3 ft., Lombardy; ponium (Scarlet Fompono Lily), red, summer, pyrenaicum, yellow, 3 ft., Pyrenees; layas; roseum (Syn. thomsonianum) lilao, spring, 18 in., HimaBummer, white rubellum, pink, May, 1 to 2 ft., Japan; spccioeum (Syn. lancifolium^, 3 ft., Japan, and and its varieties album pomene, Melred, summer, Eraetzeri, crueutum, testaceum roseum maoranthrum, superbum and rubrum; (Nankeen Lily), 4 to 6 ft.; superbum yellow, summer, (Swamp Lily), ora.nge and crimson, summer, 6 ft.,U. States; tenuifolium, scarlet, summer, 1 ft.,Siberia; tigrinnm (Tiger Lily), 3 to 5 ft., Japan, and its varieties flore pleno red, and black, sammer, orange, (double), Fortunei, and splendens; umbellatum, red, June, 3 ft.; and waBuingtonianum, white, July, 4 ft., Oalifornia. Lily, See L'ilium. Convallaria. Lily of the Valiey.~See Lily Tiiorn (Catesbaea spinosa). See Catesbaea. Lily Tree (Magnolia conspicua). See Magnolia. or
TENDER eziminm
SPECIES
"
,
"
"
"
Lime-fruit-tree
(Citrusmedica acida)."See Citrus. Limestone Fern (Polypodium calcareum). See Polypodium. Tree Lime (Tiliaeuropaea). See Tilia, Limnanthemum (Marsh-flower;Fringed Buck-Bean ; Fringed Water Lily). Ord. Gentianaceae. Hardy floating aquatics. Perennial. "
"
"
CULTURE
OF
GREENHOUSE
SPECIES 242
:
Soil,loam
" leaf-mould.
BNOTCLOPMDIA
GARDENING.
OF
Position^ tub or tank of water in greenhouse. Temp., Oct; to March 45" to 55"; March to Oct. 55" to 65". Plant in spring. CULTURE OF HAEDY SPECIES Position, ponds, ; Soil, ordinary. shallow lakes. or Plant in March. tender speciesby seeds Propagate in pot of lightsoil immersed sown in water, or division of the plants;
hardy speciesby
seeds
sown
in
mud
in
division
spring or
of roots
in
summer,
S.
March. GEEBNHOrSE SPECIES: L. humboldtiauum, America. HARDT SPECIES L. peltatum : (Syn. Tillarsia Europe, the Fringed Backbean or Fringed Water
Limnanthes.
Ord. Geraniaceae. introduced 1833. "
First CULTURE
beds,
Soil, ordinary.
:
rockeries.
white
and
yellow,
nymphieoides). yellow, Lily. Nat. annual, Hardy
Position, in
edges
masses,
to
Bummer,
fornia. Cali-
sunny
spring floweringin Sept-, for summer where floweringin April. Propagate by seeds sown plants are required to flower 1-16 in. deep in Sept.or April. or
on
SPECIES and
CULTIVATED
white, April
to
LimnOCharis. introduced
First
Sow
L.
:
Sept., "
1
for
alba, white,
ft., fragrant;
Ord.
summer, rosea,
Alismaceae.
6 rose,
to
8
in.
summer,
Stove
;
Douglasii, yellow 1 ft.
aquatic perennials.
1822.
CULTURE: Compost, two parts sandy loam, one part leaf-mould sand. Position, in shallow tubs, cisterns, or aquariums. Plant, 6 to to 9 in. below surface of water, in March or April. Temp., March seeds sown 60" 60". 50" 70" to March to to by Propagate Sept. ; Sept. in soil below water in March or April; division of plants in AprilSPECIES CULTIVATED : L. emarginata (Syn. Plumeri), yellow, July, S. America. See also the Hydrocleie. genus "
Linaria
(Toad-flax). Ord. "
trailingperennial
herbs " PERENNIAL
Scrophulariaceae.Hardy
shrubby
or
annuals.
SPECIES OF : Soil,ordinary, mixed with rockeries moist old mortar. or Position, margin of borders for grit or L. alpina,L. pilosa,L. crassifolia," L. organifolia shady ; sunny borders for L. dalmatica, L. purwalls for L. cymbalaria; open sunny purea, or L. vulgaris," L. triornithophora.Plant, Oct., Nov., March CULTURE or
AprilSPECIES Position, sunny ANNUAL ; Soil,ordinary. ing Sow seeds 1-16 in. deep in patches in April,for flowerL. tristis,a pretty in summer; in Aug., for floweringin spring. dwarf annual for beds or rockeries. L. CYMBALARIA: CULTURE OF POT Compost, two parts loam, dried old mortar, " sand. of cow of manure, one equal proportions part or Sow seeds 1-16 in. deep in 3 or 5 in. pots in March April. Place pots in shady window or greenhouse until seedlings appear, then remove CULTURE
beds
or
OF borders.
wards; Water moderately at first,freelyafterlight" suspend in a basket. winter. This is a species perennial. during keep nearly dry in ordinary soil in sunny Propagate perennial speciesby seeds sown division in Oct. or Aprilin outdoors or March, April; Sept., position to
18 in., Europe L. aparinoides, yellow and black, summer, : 1 ft., and white, summer, bipartita, red, -violet,purple,, rose 6 in.,Algiers; Algeria; multipunotata, or Brousonetti, yellow and brown, summer, 2 to 4 ft.,Portugal. reticulata, purple and yellow, summer, L. 6 in., SPECIES: alpina, blue, -violet,and yellow, summer, PERENNIAL Mother o' Millions}, or lilac, summer, (Ivy-leaved Toad-flax Alps ; Cymbalaria 3 to 5 ft., Dalmatia; pallida, blue, trailing, Britain; dalmatica, yellow, summer, brown, trailing,Spain ; 3 summer, in., Italy ; saxatilis, yellow and summer, 1 ft., Portugal; vulgaris (Common triornithophora, purple and yellow, summer, 2 ft., Britain. Toad-flax),yellow, summer,
ANNUAL and N.
SPECIES
Africa;
243
GARDMNING.
OF
ENOTOLOP^DIA
(Himalayan Lung-wort)." Ord. Boraginacese. Hardy
LIndclOfla
perennial herb.
1839.
introduced
First
j borders. well-drained Soil, ordinary. Position, sunny or April. Cut off flower stems, Sept. Apply Plant, Oct., Nov., March ,
.
,
CULTURE:
liquid
weak
into
manure
dig
occasionallyduring floweringperiod,or
manure
base of of soil round in in. 1-16 sown deep
surface
April. Propagate by seeds in April positionoutdoors
transplantingseedlingsfollowing
May,
or
cayed de-
or plantsin March sandy soil in sunny
division of roots in Marchnext year; speotabilis,purple, July, 18 in., Himalayas. Tree Linden (Tiliaeuropsea). See Tilia. Hardy Lindera (Benjamin Bush; Spice Bush)."Ord. Laurineae. 1683. introduced First America. Nat. N. Deciduous. tree. flowering shrubberies or CULTURE: Position, open sunny Soil, ordinary. after when into Prune Febborders. to shape necessary Oct. Plant, of shoots, 6 to 8 in. long, inserted
Aug.
Sept.,for flowering the
or
L.
UULTIYATEDi
SPECIES
"
flowering. Propagate by cuttings in sandy soil in shady sheltered positionoutdoors, in Sept. or Oct. CULTIVATED
SPECIES
Lindsaya.
"
j Fronds,
parts turfy loam,
two
one
part lumpy peat, "
tion, Posicrocks, charcoal, " sand. part equal proportionsof broken under wardian or bell-glasses. case, moist shady part of stove, in dantly abunWater Feb. or March. well-drained in pots, firmly very March to Sept. Temp., March to Oct., moderately afterwards.
one
Pot
55"
sandy peat, in
65",
at any
Lins
pans
Propagate by spores sown in temp. 55 under bell-glass,
on
to
L.
:
Zealand
linearis,6 in.. New
;
6 in.,
triohomanoides,
See Calluna. Caprifoliaceae.Hardy (Twin-flower).Ord.
(Calluna vulgaris). "
Linnsea
trailing
"
Evergreen.
floweringshrub.
Soil, sandy peat. Position,
CULTURE: as
well-drained
55".
to
time-
CULTIVATED SPECIES Zealand. New
Water
50"
65"; Sept. to March
to
fine
or
ing layer-
;
-,-,
ferns. Greenhouse evergreen 1813. introduced First arrow-shaped.
Filices.
Ord.
Compost,
:
to Nov.
L. Benzoin, yellow, spring, 16 to 20 ft.
:
feather, kidney, or CULTURE
Oct.
edgings to beds of N. freelyin dry weather.
rockeries Plant, Oct.
moist
shrubs.
American
or
to
banks, March.
two C QLTURE : Compost, parts peat " one part leaf-mould " well-drained little silver sand. Position, pots, with shoots trained to in cool or unheated in baskets trellises or stakes, or suspended house greento Oct., Water frame. or freelyMarch Pot, Feb. or March. Propagate by division of plants in Oct- or moderately afterwards.
POT
March. CULTIVATED
SPECIES N.
Europe Linum
;
L.
borealis, white
(Flax; Linseed annuals, perennials" shrubs. OF CULTURE beds or borders.
plants are CULTURE sunny to
and
pink, fragrant. May
to
July,
(Scotland).
ANNUAL Sow seeds
Oil
Plant).
"
Hardy
Linacese.
Ord.
SPECIES ; Soil,ordinary. Position, sunny where in. \ deep in April,in lines or masses
required to flower. SPECIES rockeries, borders, or banks. OF
PERENNIAL
:
Soil, good ordinary.
Plant,
Oct.
to
Dec,
or
Position, Feb.
April. CULTURE
OF
HARDY
leaf-mould, peat, " sand-
SHRUBBY
Position, warm 244
SPECIES: sheltered
Soil, sandy loam, rockeries
or
bor-
ENOYOLOPMDIA
GARDENING.
OF
Propagate by seeds sown ^ in. deep in sandy soil outdoors, March or Oct., Nov., April,transplantingseedlings two to three years afterwards ; layering shoots, Sept. to Nov. and SPECIES OULTITATED: L. formosana (Syn. aoerifolia), 20 ft., China .Tapan; orientaliB,15 to 20 ft., Asia Minor; styraoiflua (Sweet Gam), 30 to 40 ft., eary in Nov.
XT. States.
Liquorice-plant
(Glyoyrrhizaglabra). See Glycyrrhiza. ous (Tulip-tree).Ord. Magnoliacese. Hardy decidutree. " First 1668. introduced orn. Flowers, Flowering foliage. bright green. very fragrant. Leaves, saddle-shaped, CTJLTUEE: sheltered shrubSoil, sandy loam. Position, sunny, licries or as specimen on lawns. Feb. Prune Plant, Oct. to straggling shoots only into shape, Nov. Dec. or Jin. Propagate by seeds sown deep, in moist sandy loam in sheltered positionoutdoors, Sept.to Nov. ; "
Liriodendron
layering in SPECIES Ainerioa.
"
Oct. to Nov. CULTIVATED:
L.
tulipifera, yellow, June
to
Aug.,
SO
to
100
ft., N.
Lissochilus. Stove terrestrial orchids. First introduced 1818CTTLTURE : Compost, equal parts fibrous loam, leaf-mould, " silver sand. moist part Position, shallow pans or well-drained pots in warm of stove the " cool when at rest. Pot, during growing period, part Feb. or March. Water freelyMarch to Sept.,moderately Sept. to Nov., "
keeping (juite dry Nov. to March. Apply weak liquidmanure March to Oct. 65" to 75"; Oct. days during growth. Temp.,
every ]0 March 60" to 65". March to Oct-; restingperiod, Oct. to Growing period, March. Propagate by division of pseudo-bulbs,Feb. or March. L. giganteus, pinic,yellow and SPECIES CULTIVATED: 10 to purple, autnmn, 16 ft.. River Congo; Krebsii, brown, purple and yellow. May to Oct., 3 ft.. Natal; speciosuB, yellow, June, 3 ft., Cape of Good Hope. Ord. Litiiospernriunn Boragiuaceae. (Gromwell). Hardy dwarf trailingevergreen floweringshrubs " perennials. CULTURE : Soil,sandy ders or loamy. Position, margins of sunny borto
"
or
ledges of
on
L.
sunny
prostratum April. cries. Propagate seeds
an sown
rockeries. or Plant, Oct., Nov., March excellent plant for draping stones rockon 1-16 in. deep in well-drained pots of sandy
soil in cold frame in March or April,transplantingseedlingswhen an inch high singlyin 2 in. pots " grow in frame until followingspring, then planting out ; cuttings of shoots of previous year's growth, 2 to 3 in- long, inserted in well-drained pots of sandy soil in cold frame in
Oct.; layeringshoots
Aug., Sept.,or
in Sept. yellow, July, 1 ft., N, America; Gastoni, 1 ft., Pyrenees; blue, summer, gramlnifolium, blue, .Tune to Aug., 1 ft., Italy; prostratum (Gromwell), blue, summer, trailing, S. Europe ; purpureo-CfCrulcum bluish purple, June and July, 1 ft., Europe. Lithy-tree (Viburnum lantana). See Viburnum. SPECIES
CDLTIVATBD:
L.
canosoens,
"
Littonia.
Ord.
Liliaceae.
Greenhouse
herbaceous perennial climber. First introduced 1853. CULTURE : Compost, two parts loam, one part each of leaf-mould, " silver sand. peat, Position, well-drained pots or bed in warm house. greenPot or plant, March. Train shoots Water up roof or wall. freelyduring spring " summer, " winter. moderately autumn Syringe " evening during earlyperiod of morning growth. Plant likes plenty of sunshine. to Sept. 65" to 75"; Sept- to March Temp., March 50" to 60 Propagate by division of the plant at potting time. SPECIES CULTIVlTED: L. modesta, orange, April, 3 toi ft.. S. Africa. * ' Live-Ions: (Sedum teleDhiumV--SeR ins (Sedum telephium).-^SeesJnm Sedum. "
.
246
bnoyolopjbdia Liver
oabdenino.
of
Leaf
(Anemone Hepatica triloba).See Anemone. Ord. Palmace86. Warm greeukouse palm. 1816. foliage. Leaves large,fan-shaped. First introduced Livistona.
"
Orn.
"
CTTLTUEE
:
Compost, two
Position, well-drained
pots
part peat, little greenhouse, Sept. to June;
parts loam, in
warm
one
sand. doors out-
in cool greenhouse in summer. Water Pot, Feb- or March. March twice to afterwards. daily freely Syringe Sept.,moderately March to Oct. ; once Oct. to March. Temp., March to Sept. 60" to 70" ; 55" to 60". Propagate by seeds sown Sept. to March J in. deep in rich in soil 80" March. to 90" in Feb. light or temp. SPECIES OTJLTITATED: L. sinensis borbonica), 5 to 10 ft., (Syn. Latania and China Japan. Lizard Orchis (Orchis hiroina)."See Orchis. or
Llavea.
Ord.
"
Filices.
Stove
evergreen
First
fern.
introduced
large, three times divided; upper portion contracted, fertile;lower portion broad, barren. CXJLTTJEE sand. Position, well: Compost, equal parts loam, peat drained in March Water stove. of or Pot, April. shady pots part March to March. to to March Temp., freely Sept.,moderately Sept. 70" 60" 70". to to to March sown 80"; by Sept. Propagate Sept. spores fine sandy peat,in well-drained on bell-glassin temp. 70" pans under 1853-
Fronds,
to 80" at any SPECIES
time.
OULTITATED
:
oordifolia,2 to 3 ft., Mexico.
L.
(Mountain Spider-wort). Ord. Liliacese. Hardy bulbous, floweringplant. CULTURE : Soil, sandy loam. or Position, sunny dryish borders rookeries. Plant, Sept. or Oct. Depth for bulbs, 3 to 4 in. Lift " " planted removed replantwhen unhealthy only. Propagate by offsets, in Sept.or Oct. Lloydia
"
and CULTIVATED: L. SPECIES June, 6 in., Britain alpina, white green, (Snowdon). Greenhouse " half-hardy Loasa (ChillNettle). Ord. Loasaceae. 1822. annual climbing " twining plant. First introduced CULTURE Sow seeds 1-16 in. deep in light mould in OUTDOOE : in 65" in March. in. 3 Feb. or Transplant seedlings singly pots temp. in temp. 55" till June, then plant outdoors. when 1 in- high, " grow walls or fences. Soil, ordinary. Position, againstsunny seeds above. CfULTURE: Sow INDOOR as Transplant seedlings in. when into in. 6 5 into and in. 3 size,or place three high pots, singly two 8 in. size. in an loam, one parts sandy part leaf -mould Compost, wire trellis or stakes inserted in the soil. Train shoots round " sand. Water sionally occaApply stimulants moderately at first,freelyafterwards. 55" 65". to All the to plantsin bloom. Temp., speciesare not be touched furnished with stinginghairs, " hence should by naked "
hands. CULTIVATED: SPECIES Blumenbachia.
L.
lateritaV ooral-red, Aug.,
8
to
10
ft.. Chili.
See
also
Lobelia
(Cardinal Flower). Ord. perennials. First
half-hardy herbaceous CULTURE OUTDOOR moist Position, sunny
"
Campanulaceae-
Hardy
"
introduced 1629. SPECIES : Soil, ordinary rich.
OP HARDY borders. Plant, Oct., March
or
April.
On
cold,
best lifted in Oct., damp soils all the species(except L. syphilitica) cold till then frame in stored March, replanted. placed in pots, CULTURE POT : Compost, two parts sandy loam, one part leaf -mould Position, cold frame, Oct. to March; " sand. Pot, Oct. or Mardi. 247
cool greenhouse^,March little Oct. to March,
GARDENING.
OF
ENCYOLOPMDIA till
past flowering,then
Water
outdoors.
very to
Apply stimulants. May
freely afterwards.
AugOULTUEE
OF
Position, : Soil, ordinary. to to June as Oct. 55", edgings ; temp. Oct. Plant, June, 3 to 6 in. apart. Lift SPECIES
HALF-HAEDY
pots in greenhouse heated beds, etc., outdoors, June
to to
in greenhouse to furnish before lifting. fortnight spring. " sand. CULTURE : Compost, equal parts good soil,leaf-mould
plants in
Sept.,place in
cuttingsin POT
Cut
small pots, " off flower stems
kinds in Position, dwarf baskets, in shady or sunny Water
freely in
plants
in
4
5
in.
a
pots, "
trailing kinds
window. greenhouse other times. moderately
in
pots
Apply stimulants
Propagate hardy perennial species
by
or
to July.
Pot, March
or
summer,
flower.
or
store
seeds
to
sown
in cold frame in Sept- or Oct., loam " leaf-mould in temp. 55" in March of shoots inserted in small pots in or ; cuttings 55" division in in March. Half-hardy speciesby seeds temp. sj)ring; in heat in Feb., transplanting seedlings2 in. apart in boxes, sown hardening off in cold frame, " planting out in May ; cuttings of young shoots inserted in sandy soil in temp. 65" to 75" in spring; division in March or April. HARDY PERENNIAL SPECIES: L. cardinalis (Cardinal Flower), scarlet, snmblue, fulgens, scarlet, May, 1 to 3 ft.. Mexico; raer, S ft., N. America; syphilitica, July, 2 to 3 ft., N. America; Gerardi, violet, July, 3 to 4 ft.,hybrid; splendene, scarlet, 2 to 3 ft., N. America. PERENNIAL HALF-HARDY SPECIES : CaTanilleeii,red, July, 2 to 3 ft..Chili ; 6 in.,parent of bedding varieties,S. Africa ; Erlnua, blue, blue and white, summer, Erinus than 6 to 12 in.,stronger and the type. more ramosa, straggly growers Lobster-flower (Euphorbia pulcherrima). See Euphorbia. 1-16
in.
deep in sandy
"
Locks
See Dicentra. (Dicentra spectabilis). See Robina. (Robina pseudacacia).-
and
Locust
Keys
Tree
"
"
Loganberry."
See
Rubus.
Loiseleurea
(AlpineAzalea; TrailingAzalea). Ord. Hardy trailingfloweringshrub. Evergreen. CULTURE : Soil, deep sandy peat. Position, open moist Plant, Sept. to NovPropagate by layeringshoots, Sept. to "
SPECIES CULTIVATED: Azalea prooumbens.
L.
prooumbens,
rose,
July
to
Aug., N.
EricacesB. rockeries.
Nov. Europe.
Syn.
Lomaria (Deer Pern). Ord. Filices. Tree " dwarf evergreen ferns. Stove, greenhouse, " hardy. CULTURE STOVE OF SPECIES : Compost, equal parts loam, leafmould, peat, " sand. Position, pots, beds, or rockeries in shady part of stove. Pot or plant, Feb. March. Water or abundantly April to Sept.,moderately afterwards. Temp., March to Sept. 70" to 80"; Sept. 60" to 70" to March Syringe tree speciestwice daily,Feb. to Sept. CULTURE OF GREENHOUSE aboveSPECIES Pot, : Compost, as March or April. Position, pots, beds, or rockery in shady part of house. Water to Oct., moderately Oct. to March. freely March Syringe as advised for stove species. Temp., March to Sept. 55" to 65"; Sept.to March 50" to 55". CULTURE OP HARDY SPECIES : Soil, two parts sandy peat, one " pounded limestone. Plant, Position, shady rockeries. part loam "
Oct.
to
very
severe
Water weatherpans in
April.
well-drained
plants,Oct.
or
freelyin dry weather. Propagate by spores sown temp. W" any time; dwarf April. 2^
Protect on
fine
L.
alpina in
sandy peat
speciesby
division
in of
ENCTCL0P.T1DIA
OASDENINQ.
OF
attenuata, TropioB ; gibba, New Caledonia, and its Tarietiee, L'Hermmieri, Tropical America. ita GEEENHOUSB SPECIES: L. boryana, Tropics; discolor, Australia, and Zealand. varieties bipinnatifida and riuda; lanoeolata. New Zealand; pumila. New HARDY SPECIE,?: T,. alpina, New Zealand, etc.; Spioant (Hard Fern), Britain; Spioant trinerva. Orn. shrubs. Lomatia. Ord. Proteaceae. Greenhouse evergreen " First feather introduced 1792. egg-shaped,green foliage. Leaves, STOTB
SPECIES
Platyptera
and
:
L.
rosea;
"
glaucous.
or
Position, CULTURE: Compost, equal parts peat, loam, " sand. to Feb. well-drained April. Prune pots in sunny airygreenhouse. Pot, into shape when Water Feb. moderately Sept. to April, necessary, wards. Ventilate freelyafterwardsfreelyApril to Sept., moderately after55". 45" to March March to Oct. 55" to 65"; Oct. to
Temp.,
Propagate by cuttingsof firm shoots, 2 to 3 in. long, inserted peat under bell-glassin temp. 60" to 70", June to Sept. L. Bidwillii, 10 ft., N.S. SPECIES CULTIVATED: New Zealand; longifolia,8 to 10 ft., N.S. Wales.
Wales;
in
sandy
elegantissima,8 ft,.
(Populus nigrapyramidalis).See Populus. London Plane (Platauus acerifolia).See Platanus. London Pride (Saxifragaumbrosa). See Saxifraga. Lonfcera (Honeysuckle). Ord. Caprifoliaceae. Hardy " halfshrubs. " evergreen Flowering " hardy, erect " twining, deciduous orn. foliage. Flowers fragrant. Lombardy
Poplar
"
"
"
"
SPECIES CULTURE OF TWINING : Soil, rich ordinary. Position, in kinds ; fences, walls, or arbors W. walls or fences for evergreen or kinds. Plant, Oct. to April. Top-dress with any aspect for deciduous L. in JMarch fragrantissima or manure April. Prune well-decayed shoots of preother kinds in after Feb., shortening vious slightly flowering; in Water of base. in. within to 1 3 dry freely or year'sgrowth in to summer, weak manure weather. occasionally liquid Apply S-
healthy plants. POT CULTURE: part leafCompost, two parts sandy loam, one Dec. to saud. Oct. " Position, Pot, mould or well-decayedmanure to Nov. warm cold frame Feb.; greenhouse, Feb- to or greenhouse, Nov. Water June to freely,Feb. to Oct. ; June; sunny place outdoors, stimulants occasionallywhen in flower. Apply moderately afterwards. 2 in. of base in June. within 1 shoots to or Prune previous year's GREENHOUSE IN SEMPERTIRENS : Compost, L. CULTURE OP Position, small wellPlant, Oct. to March. for pot culture. same as drained bed, or tub with shoots trained up rafter or trellis. Prune
slightlyafter flowering. afterwardsTemp., March to
to Sept.,moderately freely March 40" Sept. 55" to 65"; Sept. to March
Water to
50". CULTURE
OF
SHRUBBY
SPECIES
Soil,ordinary. Position,
open weak shady Feb. with or decayed manure, growths only, Dec. to Feb. in. inserted in firm 8 of shoots, March. cuttings long, Propagate by in in " outdoors Oct. Nov. sheltered or cocoasoil in ; position sandy or nut-fibre refuse " silver saud in pots in cold frame greenhouse; layering
shrubberies.
or
shoots, Aug.
to
Oct. Mulch
Plant,
:
to
March.
Prune
away
Nov.
and L. Caprifolium (Goat-leaf SPECIES: Honeysuckle), yellow, May 8 to 10 ft., or yellow, sununer, (Britain) ; confusa, white June, 10 to 15 ft.,Europe 8 to 10 ft., Europe; flava, yellow, June, .Japan; etrusca, purple and yellow. May, TWIMNG-
flesuosa, yellow or purplish, June, 10 ft., Japan; America; frag:rantiswhite yellow, Jan. and Feb., 10 to 12 ft., China; japonica, red or sima, creamy and white, July to Sept., 8 to 10 ft.,Japan ; japonioa aureo-retloulata,leaves netted
10 ft., N.
249
mNCYOLOPMBlA with
to
May white 10
EVENING.
OA
to Sept., Honeysuckle), red and yellow, June (Evergreen Honeyfiuckle), scarlet and yellow. America only in S. of England ; Standisliii, ; hardy 10 ft., China; tartarica, rosy, April and May, 8 to
(Oommon yellow; Periolymennm 10 ft., Britain; sempervirens
to
6
OF
10
Aug.,
and
to
15
ft., N.
purple, spring,
8 to
ft., Siheria.
SHRUBBY SPEOIBS: L. alpigena, red, April and May, 6 ft., Europe; angustibella, rosy yellow, April and folia,yellow, April and May, 4 to 6 ft., Himalayas; May, 4 to 6 ft., hybrid; Morrowii, yellow, June, 4 to 6 ft,, Japan; Xylosteum (Flag Honeysuckle), yellow. May and June, 4 to 6 ft., Europe. Loofah Gourd (Luffaoigyptica).See Iiuffa. Loosestrifep See Lysimachia and Lythrum. First introduced Ord. Onagraceaa. Hardy annuals. Lopezia. "
"
"
1804.
CULTURE seeds sown
1-16
SPECIES
CULTITATED
:
Soil, ordinary. Position, sunny in.
deep in April in patches or to in light soil in temp. 55" flower, or required in May. outdoors
borders. Propagate ty lines where plants are to 65" in March, transplanting
L. cordafa, purple, Aug., 18 in., Mexico : red, ; cornata, grandiflora, red, Aug., 1 ft.,Mexico. See Mauraudia LophOSpBrmuiTIi and Bhodochiton. Loquat (Eriobotryajaponica). See Eriobotrya. Pea Lord Anson's (Lathyrusmagellanicus). See Lathyrus. Lord Yew Harrington's (Cephalotaxuspedunoulata). See
Aug., 1 ft., Mexico;
"
"
"
"
Cephalotaxus.
Loropetaiunii shrubs, adapted OUTDOOR sheltered after
"
for
Ord. Hamamelideae. outdoor and cold
Hardy greenhouse
deciduous culture.
ing flower-
CULTURE : Soil, ordinary,light,rich. Position, borders. Prune to maintain Plant, Oct. to Febgood
warm
shape
flowering.
GREENHOUSE
CULTURE: liberal a
part leaf-mould, greenhouse; sunny "
must
Compost,
parts sandy loam, one Position, pots in cold,
of sand.
amount
be forced.
not
two
freelybetween
Water
March
" Oct., moderately afterwards. Pot in Oct. ; stand outdoors in full sun from June to Oct. to ripen wood. Propagate by cuttingsin sandy soil
in
a
frame
in cold frame at any time.
SPECIES
spring or
CULTIVATED:
summer
L.
;
by seeds in similar soil in
sinonse, white,
autumn
winter, 3
to
cold
a
to
4
ft.,
China.
Lotus (Bird's-foot Trefoil).Ord. hardy perennials. "
CULTURE
loam, one Pot, Feb-
Apply
OP
SPECIES
:
Greenhouse
"
Compost, two parts sandy
part leaf-mould, half-parteach pounded charcoal " sand. March. or Position,pots in lightairy part of sunny greenhouse. Water to Sept., very little afterwards. moderately March
weak
Sept. 55"
GREENHOUSE
Leguminosa?.
to
stimulants
to
healthy plants m 45* to 55".
flower.
Temp.,
March
to
65"; Sept.to March
CULTURE OF HARDY SPECIES : Soil, ordinaryrich. Position, rockeries elevated beds. or Plant, March or sunny April. This speciesmakes a verj pretty rock plant. Propagate greenhouse species 1-16 m. by seeds sown deep in sandy soil in well-drained pot or pan in 55" 65" in to March or April; cuttingsof shoots inserted in welltemp. drained in pots of sandy soil under bell-glass 55" to 65" in summer.
temp.
Hardy are
speciesby
requiredto grow;
seeds division
in- deep in April where of plantsin March or April. Bortholetii (Syn. peliorynohni),scarlet, sown
GREENHOUSE SPECIES L. : ft.. Canaries. HAEDT SPECIES oorniculatufl : L. ing, Britain.
2 .
1-16
(Bird's-footTrefoil),yellow, 250
summer,
plants summer, creen- '^
MNOrCLOPMBlA Lotus
OF
GARDENING.
(Nymphsea lotus). See Nymphsea. (Diospyroslotus). See Diospyros. Love-apple (Lycopersicumesculentum). See Lycopersicum. Love Grass (Eragrostiselegans). See Eragrostis. Love-in-a-Mist (Nigelladamascena)." See Nigella. AmaranSee Love-lies-bleeding' "Amaranthus caudatus).-"
Lotus-tree
"
"
"
thus.
Love Pea Lovie-tree Luculiai "
orn.
(Abrus precatorius).See Abrus. (Cercissiliquastrum). See Cercis. "
"
"
Ord.
Rubiacese.
foliage.
First
Greenhouse introduced 1823.
evergreen
sbrubs.
ing Flower-
CULTTJEE:
Oompoat, equal parts fibrous loam, peat, charcoal, " sand. Position, in large well-drained pots, or preferablyin beds 2 to 3 ft. wide " 18 in. deep. Put of in. 6 drainage into latter. Pot or March or plant,Feb., April. Prune shoots moderately after flowering to within 2 or 3 in- of base. Water freelyApril to Nov., withhold afterwards. twice entirely Syringe foliage daily,Aprilto Sept. Temp., April to Sept. 60" to 70"; Sept. to Dec. 55" to 65"; Dec. to April 45" to 55". of 1-16 in. deep in well-drained Propagate by seeds sown pans soil in lightsandy temp, of 60 to 70" in Feb., MarcTi or April; cuttings of young shoots inserted in sandy soil under in temp. 70" bell-glass to 80" in June or July. Seedlingsflower when 3 to 5 years old. SPECIES 8 to 10 ft.,Himalayas; OTJLTIVATBD: L. gratissima, rose, autumn, 10 ft.,Himalayas. pinoeana, rose, autumn, Luffa Ord. Cucurbitacese. Stove (Loofah). climbing annuals curious fruitsbearing gourd-like CULTTJEE seeds in a compost of equal parts leaf-mould " loam : Sow in a temp, of 75" in' Feb. when leaf Transfer third forms seedlings into in. 3 and later three to 8 10 in. on or singly pots, pots, using parts Train to one of loam of leaf-mould. shoots up roof. Water freely. when fruit has formed. Syringe daily. Feed with weak liquidmanure SPECIES CULTIVATED: L. iKgyptioa, yellow, spring:; fruits long and club sliaped.Tropics. Lunaria (Common Honesty; Money Flower; Satin Flower). Ord. Cruciferae. Biennial " perennial flowering " orn. fruitingplants. First introduced 1595. Seed pods flat,oval, containinga satinypartition; decorations. very useful for drying for winter CULTTJEE SPECIES OP BIENNIAL : Soil,ordinary- Position,partially shrubberies. shaded borders of or Plant, Aug. to Nov., margins singlyor in groups of 3 or 6. Discard plantsafter flowering. PEEENNIAL SPECIES CULTUEE OF : Soil, light rich ordinary. or Position,partiallyshaded borders. Plant, Oct., Nov., March April. biennial seeds in shallow drills sown or speciesby Propagate patches outdoors in sunny positionin April,transplantingseedlingswhen third 6 in. apart each leaf is formed larly, perennialspeciesby seeds simiway; March division in roots of or or April. by L. annua ANNUAL SPECIES : (Syn. biennis),lilac,wliite, or purple, May and June, 2 to 3 ft., Europe. Common Honesty. PERENNIAL SPECIES : L. rediviva, purple, fragrant, June, 2 to 3 ft., Europe. See Pulmonaria. Lung-wort (Pulmonaria ofiicinalis). See Lupine (Lupinus polyphylliis). Lupinus. Lupinus (Lupineor Lupin). Ord. Leguminosse. Hardy shrubby " herbaceous perennials" annuals. Flowering and orn. foliage- First "
"
"
"
"
introduced CULTUEE sunny
1596.
OF
SHEUBBY
rockeries
or
open
PEEENNIALS sheltered 251
:
borders.
Soil, sandy loam.
Plant,
Oct.
or
tion, Posi-
April.
Protect, Nov.
GARDENING.
OF
ENOYOLOP^DIA to
April,with
OF
HERBACEOUS
bracken
layer of
or
litter around
^ GtTLTURE
Position, open
Soil, ordinary rich.
PERENNIALS:
Plant,
borders. partially-shaded
or
sunny
of
base
Oct., Nov.,
April. Cut down with March decayed manure or Ajjril.Mulch in Oct. flower stems seeds J in- deep " 1 in. Sow SPECIES ANNUAL : CULTURE OF Thin flower. seedlings in to apart in April in patches where required form to ensure seed pods directly they May to 2 or 3 in. apart. Remove flower. in when stimulants continuous Apply display of flowers. doors in. seeds sown deep outJ Water freelyin dry weather. Propagateby to June in April, seedlingsinto floweringpositions, in
transplanting plants in April.
; division of SPECIES: SHRUBBY
Aug.
(Tree Lupioe), yellow, fragrant, suDimer,
L. arboreus
3 to
alba, white.
4 ft. ; arboreua
SPECIES
HERBAOEOTTS
:
Cruioksliankii, blue, purple, and yellow, .July, 4 It., America; 1 ft., N. polyyellow, summer, 3 to 6 ft., California; polyphylUls albll.s,
L.
blue, purple, and phyllua (Perennial Lupin), blue, summer, nootkatensis,
Peru;
ANNUAL
2 ft., hybrid; hybridus, crimson, summer, Sept., 2 ft., Mexico, really a perennial, densiflorus annual; (Syn. Menziesii), yellow, fragrant, Aug., an 3 to 4 ft., mutabilis, white, blue, and yellow, fragrant, summer, subcarnosus, blue and 1 ft., California; lilac and blue, summer,
SPECIES."
Hartwegii, blue, white, but best grown as 2 ft., California;
Colombia; nanus, yellow, summer,
ft., Texas
1
;
to
blue ele^ana,
tricolor
Orchidaceae. Ord. First introduced orchids.
Lycaste.' deciduous CULTURE with moss,
L. atroooooineus and rose, Aug.
:
white,
and
]
summer,
greenhouse,
Warm
"
evergreen,
ft.
"
1790.
Compost, equal parts fibrypeat
"
chopped sphagnum
little sand " charcoal. Position, well-drained pots, pans, mencesnew growth comor baskets, in light part of greenhouse. Pot when deciduous Water growth begins speciesfreelyfrom time new to until Nov., then occasionally; evergreen speciesfreelyfrom March whilst twice daily to March. or Syringe once Nov., moderately Nov. making growth. Ventilate freelyMay to Sept. Temp., April to Oct. 55" to 65"; Oct.
April 45"
to
to
Feb.
when
in
restingperiod,Oct. cool
conservatory
to
55".
Plants flower.
Growing period,Feb.
to
March;
in sitting-room or grown of new Flowers at base appear form. Propagate by division of may
be
begins to pseudo-bulb pseudo-bulbsimmediatelyafter flowering. when
latter
L. aromatica, June, 1 ft., Mexieo ; CULTIVATED yellow and orange, SPECIES : to July, 1 ft., Mexico ; macropurple, yellow, and crimson, March Deppei, green, brown, and measuresiana, crimson, winter, Bolivia ; maorophylla phylla, white to Oct, crimson, Skinneri, white, rose, and white, and, purple, winter; green, Skinneri alba, white; white, purple, tetragona, green, March, 1 ft., Guatemala; 1 ft., Brazil. and crimson, fragrant, summer, Ord. Lychnis (Campion; German Catchfly;Rose Campion). Caryophyllacese.Hardy annuals "_perennials. PERENNIAL SPECIES for L. CULTURE OF : Soil, lightrich loam alpina " L. Lagascae; open dryish beds, borders, or banks for other Cut down flower stems species. Plant, Oct. to Deo. " Feb. to May. Nov. " L. vespertinain Oct. or of L. chalcedonica Top-dress border in March or Ajiril.Apply weak species with well-decayed manure occasionallyto border specieswhen in flower. Lift " liquidmanure replantborder species every other year. SPECIES OF ANNUAL CULTURE ; Soil, ordinary. Position,sunny in borders. in March Sow beds or edgings to or masses or April for for Sept. floweringPropagate summer spring by seeds blooming; soil in outdoors in. in March in or light position deep \ sown sunny ."
252
for
plants
two
wide,
12 in.
2 ft. long, 9 in.
deep. Cultural
"GARDENING.
OF
ENOrOLOPMIlIA
wide,
9 in.
deep ; for
deep,
18 in.
long;
for
four
plants 18
in.
wide, 36 in. long, 12 in. fruit sets, then top-dress.
eightplants18 in.
Half-fill with details same
compost only, until for pots. as BEDS : Compost, decayed turfy soil only;
manure. no IN OTJLTTJEE on Place compost in ridge 18 in. wide " 12 in. high in centre staging front of house, or in beds on floor 2 ft. wide " 18 in. deep, enclosed near 3ft. Plant with dry bricks or turves. 12 in. apart for single stems; Eemove all side shoots from stems. singlestem, apart for 3 or more also any that issue from the side of the three-stemmed plants- Water stimulants till fruit little has then set, only when freely. Apply very Fertilise as for pot plants. Ventilate fruit has formed. freelywhen temp, reaches 90". Top-dress when several bunches of fruit have formed for pot plants. Temp., Feb. to with similar compost to that advised June., 55" to 65".
Plant in heated frame above. CULTITEE IN FRAMES : Compost, as in Feb., March in June. Allow cold one on frame, plant to April; each light, and train to three stems, these restingon trellis or branches tilate near glass. Water moderately until fruit forms, then freely. Venmiddle Shade not of day. required. Stimulants, freelyduring top-dressingand training as above. Temp, for heated frame, 55" to 65".
Syringing unnecessary. CULTUEE : Compost
WINTEE
beds.
or
Sow
seed
sparingly. Apply to
one
or
three
in June. stimulants to
only
Dry
stems.
setting. Temp., 55"
as
Position, pots preferably
above.
Plant
or
to
Water Aug. or Sept. plants bearing freely. Train
pot,
atmosphere
necessary
to
flowers
ensure
65".
tion, PosiCULTUEE ; Soil, ordinary, not recentlymanured. in. 12 S. W. walls in or or or fences, Plant, June, against open. walls each in Train " 2 to ft. one apart against apart way open. Place stout stakes to plants in open. stem, removing all side shoots. Apply stimulants when fruit has set. Plants should bear their first old. fruit 11 weeks when Average yield of fruit: Single-stemmed lb. 6 to 8 in in. 10 plant pot, ; in beds, 7 to 10 lb. ; outdoors, 4 to 6 lb. lb. 8 tc 15 Triple-stemmed, OUTDOOE
Market
Cultube
;
Best
of
type
house
wide). Distances to plant: 1 ft. apart in training: Single stem secured to a strand
:
Span-roof (15
to
25 ft.
Mode of of twine stake. or a bamboo Manures loam. barrow-load of dung, 12 oz. of superSoil : Good : One phosphate, of kainit to each three square " 6 oz. yards before planting. of plants grown in pots after third truss Tias set; Stop main stems others when they reach the roof. Plant firmly. Best results obtained from after third plants reared from seed. Soil should be removed to Oct. 5s. to Feb. to Jan., 6s. to prices: 6s.; Average May, crop. 12s. ; May to Sept.,3s. to 5s. per 12 lb. Suitable two
parts
Mantjees nitrate
fob
of
Tomatoes:
soda,
two
rows
1. Cue
parts
2 ft. asunder.
part nitrate double
of
potash,
superphosphate
Use 1 oz. to a gallon of water, or apply dry at same of lime. rate to nitrate of six pots. 2. One dried soda, one blood, one part part part kainit, " two parts superphosphate of lime. Apply to plants in beds of 2 oz. rate fruit has set. at yard when Apply above per square week. a once quantities
USEFUL
DATA
:
Seeds
germinate in 254
10
to 12
days.
One
ounce
of
MNOYOLOPMBIA
seed will yield 2,000 plants. Seeds for six years. Propagate by seeds or SPKOIES
OULTIVATBB:
L.
Lycopodium diaceae.
GARDENING.
OF
will
retain
germinating powers
cuttings.
esoulcnteum.
(Fir Club Moss; Stag'shorn Moss). Ord. LycopoOrn. foliage. Habit, hardy perennial mosses. "
Stove
"
creepingor erect, stems
clothed with scale-like,dark green leaves. OF STOVE SPECIES : Compost, equal parts loam, peat, limestone under " silver sand. well-drained shallow Position, pans, in Feb. Pot to beds in wardian o r cases. or April. bell-glass plant, Water to Sept.; moderately afterwards. freely,March Syringe once twice daily,April to Sept. Shade from direct rays of sun. or Temp., March 55" to 65". to Sept. 65" to 75"; Sept.to March
OULTUEE
CULTURE
OF HARDY SPECIES: bed on open sunny Water freelyin dry weather. CULTURE SPECIES OF HARDY
Position, low
Soil, deep, moist, sandy pea,t. or April. rockery. Plant, March IN
WARDIAN
CASES
:
Compost,
liberal Bed to be well drained. tufa. Plant, twice week a Feb. to April. Water once or a April to Sept., once month Dec. to April. Syringe or dew a fortnightSept. to Dec, once Ventilate a little daily. from sun. over daily April to Oct. Shade to Feb. division, by April. Propagate Indies ; vertioilla1 ft.,India ; taxif olium, W. STO vE SPECIES : L. s(iuarrosum, tum, Tropics. L. claTatum HAEDT SPECIES: (Club or Stag's-horn Moss), creeping, Britain; See also the genus Selaginella. Selago (Fir Club Moss), 3 in., Britain. ing flowerLycOris (Golden Lily)^ Ord. AmaryllidaceiB. Greenhouse 1758. First introduced Deciduous. bulbs. two
parts peat,
quantity of
part leaf-mould,
one
limestone
part charcoal,
one
"
chips or
"
CULTURE
part equal proportions parts sandy loam, one Pot dry bulbs Sept.to Dec, manure. repotting annuallyimmediately after flowering. Bury Compost,
:
of
two
"
leaf-mould
cow
afterwards two-thirds of their depth. Water moderately from time bulbs about flowers show till leaves appear, then freely ; keep quitedry after leaves 65". Place pots from April to fade. Temp., Sept. to April 55" to Sept. in light sunny cool position. Propagate by offsets treated as Dec. OTJLTITATBD
bulbs, Sept. to SPECIES
OMna; China
:
white); squamigera,
(Syn. Amaryllis aurea), yellow, Aug.,
aurea
japouica
1
ft., in., and
Filices. Stove " greenhouse 1793. introduced First evergreen.
(ClimbingFern)." Ord.
Lygodium
climbing
rosy
L.
and Amarjrllis radiata), scarlet,June, 18 alba varieties (white), and Tariegata (orimson 2 ft,,Japan, lilac, fragrant, summer,
radiata (Syn, Nerine its and and Japan;
ferns.
Deciduous
"
Fronds, slender, twining; divisions tongue
or
hand-shaped.
Compost, equal parts peat, loam, sand, " charcoal. round Position,well-drained pots or beds in shade with fronds twined Water to April. string,or trellis. Plant or pot, Feb. sticks, p'illars, Stove afterwards. Temp.: species. to Feb. moderately Oct., freely 65" to 75"; Greenhouse to March 55" to 65"; Sept, March to Sept to Sept. 55" to 65". 45" to 50"; March gate PropaSept. to March species, in under of fine surface bell-glass sandy peat on by spores sown CULTURE:
temp.
75" to 85" any
time; division of plantsat pottingtime.
Trop. Asia; reticulatum, Polynesia. L. dichotomum, SPECIES: L. japonicum (Syh. L. scandens),Japan, etc, palmaSPECIES : GREENHOTJSE tum, U, States. STOVE
Lyonia."
Ord. Ericacese. 1748.
Hardy-floweringshrubs.
First introduced
255
Evergreen.
ENCYCLOPJUDIA CULTURE:
Sept.
to
seeds
sown
frame
or
SPECIES 8
Soil, peaty. Nov. on
"
Feb.
greenhouse
OARDENlNd.
Position, moist
borders.
shady
Plant,
Propagate by April. Pruning unnecessary. sandy peat under bell-glassin shade in cold Oct. or April; layeringshoots, Sept. or Oct.
to
surface
OULTIVATED: America.
ft., N.
OF
of
in
L.
(Syn. L. panioulata), white, June,
ligustnna
Shell-flovwer (Chelone Lyoni). See Chelone. Lyon's Lyre-tree (Liriodendroutulipifera).See Liriodendron. Lysimachia. (Yellow Loose-strife; CreepingJenny ; Yellow
4
to
"
"
"
Ord.
Primulaceae.
Hardy
erect
or
herbaceous
creeping
pernel). Pimnials. peren-
tion, Posi: Soil, ordinary rich. streams. Oct. of or Plant, shady borders, margins ponds Nov. down Cut flower to April. stems, JENNY. CREEPING OUTDOOR CULTURE OF Soil, ordinary. of moist rockeries or beds, ponds, or streams. Position, margins shady to March June. Plant, two parts good ordinary soil or loam, CULTURE INDOOR : Compost, cocoanut-fibre or refuse, " one one part leaf-mould, decayed manure well-drained baskets Position, suspended in shady pots or part sand. Water to cool March window or May. freelyApril greenhouse. Pot, to to Sept.,moderately Sept. Dec, keep nearly dry Dec. to April. ceous Apply stimulants once or twice a week May to Aug. Propagate herbaof division March. to Dec, or plants Oct. Creeping speciesby to May. Jenny by division, March 2' ft., Greece; L. HERBACEOUS SPECIES: atropui-purea, purple, summer, 3 ft., white, summer, cletbroides, white, July to Sept., 3 ft., Japan; ephemerum, 18 m., N. America; S. Europe; lanceolata, yellow, summer, punctata (Syn. Terticiland 1 ft., Europe July, 3 ft.,N. ; thyrsiflora,yellow, June lata), yellow, summer, Europe; vulgaris (Yellow Loose-strife),yellow, July and August, 3 ft., Britain. L. nemorum SPECIES CREEPING (Yellow Pimpernel), yellow, May to July, : Britain; L. nummularia (Creeping Jenny), yellow, June to Sept., Britain; nummu laria aurea (Golden Creeping Jenny), golden leaved. Lythrum (Purple Loose-strife; Willow-weed). Ord. Lythracese. " shrubby perennials. Hardv herbaceous CUt/TURE gins Position, moist shady borders or mar: Soil, ordinary. streams. of ponds or Plant, Oct. to Dec. or Feb. to April. Out in Nov. Water down flower stems Top-dress freely in dry weather. March with well-decayed manure, or April, lift, divide, and replaut Propagate by division of plants,Oct. or April. every third year. SPECIES CULTITATED; L. alatum, purple, July to Oct.. 2 to 4 ft.,N. America; Salicaria Loose-strife),reddish purple, July 3 to 4 ft., Britain, and its (Common and varieties roseum 3 ft.,Europe. superbum; virgatum, purple, summer, Rose Macartney (Rosa bracteata). See Rosa. Mace Reed See Typha. (Typha latifolia)." Ord. Acanthaceae. Greenhouse Mackayai floweringshrub. Deciduous. First introduced 1869. CULTURE: Compost, two parts decayed fibrous loam, one part dried half a part sharp silver sand. cow Position, light airy greenmanure, house. Prune after flowering,shortening shoots to 2 or Pot, March. Water 3 in. to Sept.,moderately Sept. to Nov., keep freely March quite dry Nov. to March. Temp., April to Oct. 55" to 65" ; Oct. to April 45" to 55". Propagate by cuttings inserted singly in 2 in. pots filled to Aug. Transfer with aandy soil,June to 5 in. pots when rooted; in and shift into 8 in. " 10 in. pots. Plants flower closely April prune old. two to three years when CULTIVATED: SPECIES M. bella, lilao and purple, April to June, 4 to 6 ft., CULTURE moist
OF
HERBACEOUS
SPECIES
"
"
"
"
Natal.
256
GARDENING.
OF
ENCYCLOPEDIA
Mackerel See Meutha. Mint (Meutlia viridis)." Macleania. Greenhouse Ord. Tacciniaceae. trailingflowering shrubs. 1848. First introduced Evergreen. tion, PosiCULTURE: Compost, equal parts turfy loam, peat " sand. front of staging,or in well-drained pots with shoots drooping over "
or suspended baskets. Pot, March April. Water freelyMarch to Sept., afterwards. Prune moderately straggling shoots into shape March. March 45" to 55*". Propato 55" to gate 65"; Sept.to March Temp., Sept. 55" to 65" in summer. inserted in fine sand in by cuttings temp.
CULTIVATED: M. pulohra, yellow and scarlet, spring, 8 to 10 ft., speoiosissima, yellow and scarlet, spring, trailing, Colombia. Madura Hardy deciduous (Osage Orange). Ord. Urticacese. tree. Orn. foliage.First introduced 1818. Flowers, yellowishgreen, inconspicuous. Fruit, round, golden yellow, 3 to 5 in. in diameter; rardy borne in this country. Leaves, egg-shaped,bright green. beries CXTLTURE: Soil, ordinary. Position, in open sheltered shrubwhen Prune into to sary, necesFeb. Oct. or Plant, shape hedges. SPECIES
Colombia;
"
Nov. to Feb. Soil to be HEDGE CULTUEE Plant 12 in. apart in singlerow. : into wide. Trim trenched two " 3 ft. spitsdeep shape, July " Nov. inserted in in. 6 to 8 long, ordinary soil, in Propagate by cuttings Oct. to March. shady position, SPECIES CULTIVATED: M. aurantiaoa, 10 to 16 ft.,N. America. Macrozamia (Swan River Feru Palm; Giant Fern Palm). Ord. perennials. Orn. foliage. Cyoadaceae. Greenhouse evergreen First introduced 1846. Leaves, feather-shaped, green; very graceful. CULTURE Position, well: Compost, equal parts peat, loam " sand. from drained pots, in light, greenhouse, shaded sun. Pot, Feb. or March. Water Syringe freely April to Oct., moderately afterwards. to Sept. 60" to 70" ; Sept. to March dailyApril to Sept. Temp., March in sandy peat in temp. 75" in 55" to 60". Propagate by seeds sown offsets in Feb. or March. March; division of plants in March; M. CULTIVATED SPECIES : Fraseri, W. Australia ; Hopei, Australia ; poroffskyana, Australia; tenuifolia,Australia. Jasmine Madagascar (Stephanotis floribunda). See "
"
Stephanotis. Periwinitle
Madagascar Orchis Vine
Madeira Madeira
(Vinea rosea). See Vinca. (Orchisfoliosa).See Orchis. (Boussingaultiabasselloides). See Boussin"
"
"
gaultia. (Madia
Madia First
introduced
by
thinning
deep in seedlingswhen
out
CULTIVATED:
yellow, Aug.,
1
Hardy
annuals.
ft., N.
M.
Aprilin 2 in.
patches where
borders.
Propagate required to flower,
3 in. apart.
high, to
elegans, yellow, Aug., 1 ft.,N.W.
America;
sativa,
America. "
See Lilium.
saxatile).See
Alyssum. (Alyssum (Cucumber Tree; Yulan). Ord. Magnoliaceae. Hardy trees " shrubs. Flowering " orn. foliage. First evergreen "
Magnolia "
1688. introduced GREENHOUSE
"
CULTURE:
" part peat or leaf-mould in walls or against sunny
freely in
CompositES.
Lily (Liliumcandidum).
Madonna Mad-wort deciduous
"
J in.
sown
SPECIES
Plant).^Ord.
Soil, ordinary. Position, shady
CULTUEE: seeds
Oil
1794.
summer,
Compost, sand.
two parts sandy loam, one Position, welt-drainedpots or tubs,
greenhouse. Pot moderately other times. 257
Water plant, March. to Syringe daily March
or
K
OF
BNOYOLOPMDIA
Sept. Temp
for
OABDENINO.
forcing,55" to 65". Prune stragglingshoots only into April. M. Campbellii,Lennei " Stellata,good kinds
or shape, March for greenhouse culture.
tered Position, shelCULTURE : Soil,rich,deep sandy loam. S.W. walls; parts of lawn or pleasure garden, or against S. or against S. or W. walls for M. grandiflora" M. glauca. Plant, March or April; deciduous species or speciesMarch April. Prune evergreen weather in after flowering. Protect speciesin very severe evergreen sionally. to healthyspecimensoccacold districts. Apply weak liquid manure in J in. deep in spring or autumn Propagate by seeds sown OUTDOOR
cold frame or greenhouse; layering heat in July or Aug. DEOIDTTOUS SPECIES oonepioua (Tnlan), white, spriiig,20 to 25 ft., China : M. to July, 30 to and acuminata yellow. May and (Cucumber Tree), green Japan; purple, April; Campbellii, 60 ft., N. America, and its variety cordata, yellow and crimson, fragrant, April, 20 to 30 ft., Himalayas, does best in greenhouse; rosy States; hypolenoa, yellow, fragrant. May, 30 to 40 ft., S. United Fraseri, creamy white, fragrant, spring, 30 to 40 ft., Japan; Lennei, rosy purple, April and creamy and purple, fragrant, June, 20 to May, 10 to 15 ft., hybrid; macrophylla, white and 30 purple, fragrant. May, S ft., Japan; ft., N. America; obovata, white obovata deeper coloured; parviflora, white and rose. May, 8 ft.,Japan; purpurea, to May, 6 ft., Japan; tripetala (Syn. M. Umbrella), stellata, white, fragrant, March States; the Umbrella Tree, white, fragrant, April and May, 20 to 30 ft.,S. United and soulangeana, white Watsoni, creamy white, fragrant, June, 4 ft., Japan; purple. May, 20 ft., hybrid. EYEBGKEEN SPECIES: M. grandiflora, white, fragrant, July and Aug., IS to States ; glauca (Sweet Bay), creamy 20 ft., S. United white, fragrant, June, 20 ft., well-drained
in
summer
pots of sandy soil in
E. United
a
graftingin
autumn;
or
States.
Cherry."
Mahaleb
Maianthemum
See
Prunus.
Ord. Liliaceae. (Twin-leavedLily-of-the-Valley). perennial. Leaves " habit similar to the Lily-of-the-
Hardy herbaceous Valley. OULTURE:
Soil, ordinary rich. under
or open, weather.
in the Position, shady borders Water Plant, Sept. " Oct. freely in dry
shrubs.
Propagate by
division
creeping
of
root-stocks
in
Sept. or
April, SPECIES 6
in.,
CULTIVATED:
Maiden-hair "
See
M.
oomrallaria
(Syn. Smilacina
bifolia),white. May,
Europe.
N.
Fern
" A. cuneatum). (Adiantum capillus-veueris
Adiantum.
IVIaiden-hair Maiden-hair minus). See "
Grass (Briza MeadOW-Rue
media)." See Briza. (Thalictrum
adiantifoUa
Thalictrum.
Maiden-hair
Spleen-wort
(Asplenium trichomanea)."See
Asplenium. Maiden-hair Maiden Maiden
Tree Oalc Pinic
Maiden's
(Gingko biloba)."See Gingko. -See Quercus. (Quercus sessiliflora)." (Dianthus deltoides).See Dianthus. "
Wreath."
Maid's Maize Malabar
See
Prancoa.
Love (Artemesia Abrotanum). See Artemesia. .(ZeaMays). See Zea, Glory Lily (Gloriosasuperba)."See Gloriosa. Malcomia (Virginian Stock)."Ord. Cruciferaa. Hardy annual. Pirst introduced CULTURE :
"
"
1713.
Soil,ordinary. Position, edging to sunny beds, masses on borders, or on banks rockeries. Sow or seeds for summer sunny 1-16 in. deep in March, April, May flowering or June, where plants are requiredto grow, and similar depth in Sept.for flowering i^ spring. 268
ENCYCLOPEDIA
GARDENING.
OF
POT CULTURE : Compost, two parts good ordinary soil, one part Position " sand. leaf-mould, cocoanut-fibre refuse, decayed manure in 6 in. pots, well drained, in cold sunny Sow gpreenhouseor window. seeds 1-16 in. deep in above pots in March, April or May. rately modeWater when
first sown, freelywhen in full growth. Thin when 1 in. high. stimulants Apply weak
iin. apart buds
flower
show.
SPECIES 6
mer,
seedlingsto when
CULTIVATED:
M.
maritima
(Tirginiaa Stock),
Tarions
colours,
sura-
in., S. Europe.
Male Male
Dog-wood
(Cornus Mas). See Coruus. (Nephrodium Filix-mas). See Nephrodium.
Fern
"
Mallovy."
See
Mallow, Malmaison
Malope
"
Malva.
See Malvastrum. False." See Dianthus. Carnation." (Large-floweredMallow-wort). Ord. Malvaceae. "
Hardy
annuals. First introduced 1710. CULTURE : Soil, rich ordinary. Position,sunny beds, or in masses in borders. Sow seeds J in. deep " 4 to 6 in. apart, where required to in in lants stimuWater weather. or freely dry May. Apply grow, April occasionallywhen plants show flower. Propagate also by seeds sown i in. deep in pots or boxes of li^htsoil in temp. 55" in March, into floweringpositions m May or June. transplanting M. SPEOIES CULTIVATED: 1 ft., malaooides, rosy pink and purple, summer, 2 to 3 ft.,Spain; trifida S. Europe; trifida,purple, summer, alba, white, trifida grandiflora, orimson. Maltese Clover (Hedysarum coronarium). See Hedysarum. Malva " perenHardy annual (Musk Mallow). Ord. Malvaceae. nial "
"
floweringplants. PERENNIAL SPECIES: OF Soil, ordinary. Position, beds or borders. or Plant, Oct. or March. partiallyshaded sunny in autumn. Mulch with manure SPECIES: ANNUAL CULTURE OF Soil, ordinary. Position, Plant, May or June. Propagate annual speciesby seeds sown sunny. or i in. deep in light,sandy soil in temp. 55" in March April; perennial similarly,or by cuttingsinserted in cold by seeds sown species CULTURE
frame
in
July
or
Aug.
SI'BOIES: M. mauritanioa, purple, June, ANNUAL
SPECIES
PERENNIAL grown
mofiohata
as
an
annual;
orispa, white 4 to
M. : moschata
6
and
purple,
summer,
3 to 6 ft.,Europe;
ft., 8. Europe.
4 Aloea, rosy purple, summer, (Musk Mallow), rose, summer,
ft., Europe, best 3 ft., Britain:
alba, white.
Malvastrum (False Mallow)." Ord. Malvacea). Hardy perennials. 1811. First introduced Soil, ordinary. Position,sunny rockeries for dwarf borders for tall species. species;sunny well-drained in severe Protect winters with a layerof cinder Plant, Oct. or March. leaf-mould. or ashes, manure Propagate by seeds sown | in. deep In or light,sandjrsoil in temp. 55" in March April; cuttingsinserted in in July or Aug. cold frame SPEOIES CULTIVATED: M. oocorneum, scarlet,July to Sept., 6 in., U. States; Gilliesii (Syn. Modiola 6 in., S. America; geranoides), red, summer, lateritum 1 ft., Monte laterita),salmon-pink, summer, Video. (Syn. Malva Mammillaria (Nipple Cactus; Elephant'sTooth Cactus)."Ord. Greenhouse Cactacese. succulent perennials. First introduced 1690. and Flowers, generallyexpanding about 11 a.m., closingat 1 p.m. ; somewhat or fugitive. Stems leafless,cylindrical globular,bearing at their surface small tubercles or teats, crowned distance over even with rosettes or stars of spines. 259
k2
ENOYOLOPJSDIA
OV
GARDENING.
" Compost, equal parts sandy loam, rough old mortar window. Pot, Position, sunny, pounded bricks. airy greenhouse or March or April,in well-drained pots just large enough to accommodate Water moderately, roots. Eepot every third or fourth year only. afterwards. March none to Sept.; once a fortnight,Sept. to Dec, of to June warm days, Sept. Apply soot water Syringe on evenings Ventilate to Sept. Temp., to healthy plants,June freely in summer.
CULTURE
:
50" to 55". March Propagate by to Sept.,60" to 70"; Sept.to March, well-drained in seeds sown J in. deep pans or pots of sandy soilin temp. 75" in March, keeping soil moderately moist ; bjrcuttingsof the topsof the plants inserted in small pots of sandy, gritty compost in spring; by graftingon Cereus speciossimuaat any time. 6 to 12 CULTIVATED: in., Uexioo; SPECIES M. bioolor, pnrijle, June, 4 in., 6 in., Mexioo; cirrMfera, ohlorantha, greenish yellow, smnmer, rose, Bummer, Mexico olava, green, red, and yellow, June, 1 ft., Mexico ; compressa (Syn. ; 4 to 8 in., Mexico; dasycantlia (Thimble Caotus), augnlaris), rosy purple, summer, 3 in., Mexico; dolichooentra, pale red, summer, disoolor, rosy red, 2 in., Mexico; 6 to 8 in., Mexico 6 in., Mexico purple, summer, summer, ; echinus, ; echinata, rose, for ite stem yellow, June, 2 to 3 in., Mexico; elegans, 2 in., Mexico, grown only; 6 in., Paraguay; elephantidens, violet-rose, autumn, elongata, yellow, summer, 3 in.,Mexico; 5 in.. Chili; floribunda, rose, summer, fissurata,rose, 2 in., Mexico; 2 in., Mexico; gracilis, yellow or white, summer, Grahami, July, 3 in., rose, Colorado; haageana, carmine-rose, June, i in., Mexico: lon^mamma, citron-yellow, June, 4 in., Mexico; macromeris,, carmine, Aug., 4 in.,Mexico; maorothele, yellow, June, Mexico; or micromeris, white multiceps, yellow pink, Aug., 4 in., Mexico; and red, summer, 1 ft., Mexico; 6 in.,Mexico; ncumanniana, Ottonis, rose, summer, white. May, 3 in,, Mexico ; phellosperma, 5 ft., Mexico ; pulchra,rose, .Tune, 4 in., Mexico; pusilla,yellowish white and red. May, 2 in., Mexico; pyonaoantha, yellow, July, 6 in.,Mexico; sanguinea, crimson, June, 6 in., Mexico; Scheerii, yellow and 7 in., Mexico; and cream, summer, 4 in., Mexico; Schelhasii, white rose, summer, 3 in.,Mexico; semperviva, 3 in.,Mexico; senilis,scarlet, sohiediana, white, summer, 2 in., Mexico; stella-aurata,white, summer, summer; subpolyhedra, yellowand red, 8 in., Mexico 4 in., Mexico summer, ; sulcolonata, yellow, summer, ; tetraoantha, rose, July, 9 in., Mexico; tuberculosa, pale purple, May, 6 in., Mexico; turbinata, yellow, June, Mexico ; uncinata, purple. May and June, 4 in., Mexico ; vetula, yellow. May and June, 3 in., Mexico; -villifera, and purple.May, 3 in.,Mexico; rose viridis,yellow. May and June, 4 in., Mexico; vivipara, purple. May and June, 3 in., N. America; 3 to 4 in., Mexico; wildiana, rose, summer, Wrightii, purple. May, Mexico and June, 3 in., Mexico. ; zucoariniana, purple. May Mammoth Tree of California (Sequoia gigantea)."See
Sequoia. Mandarin
Mandevilla
Orang:e-tree
See (Citrusnobilis)." (ChiliJasmine). Ord. Apocynacess. "
Citrus. Greenhouse
Deciduous. First introduced floweringclimber. 1837. CULTtJEE: " Compost, equal parts peat loam, halt part each
of " pounded sand charcoal. Position, well-drained beds or borders; shoots trained roof of sunny or up trellis,pillars, greenhouse. Plant, Feb. Water freely,Feb. to Sept. ; moderately,Sept. to December ; none afterwards. Syringe twice daily,Feb. to July. Temp., Feb. to Sept. 55" to 65" ; Sept.to Deo. 45" to 55" ; Dec. to Feb. 40" to 50". Prune shoots to within two of their base buds immediately after flowering. in pans or bed of sandy Propagate by seeds sown peat slightly covered with fine soil in a temp, of 65" to 75", Feb. to April; cuttingsof firm side shoots, 2 to 3 in. long, inserted in sand under bell-glass in temp, of 70" to 85" in summer. .
BuenM
**" '"""'"='"'"""" frasrant, summer, Ayres.^'^'^^^'*''^^"'
Manettia." First introduced CULTTJEE:
Ord. 1832.
Eubiaceje.
Greenhouse
evergreen
Compost, equal parts loam, peat, pounded 260
15
to
SO
ft.,
climbers.
charcoal
"
;
SPECIES Ohili.
CULTIVATED:
Marica
M.
Betosus, green,
(Toad-cupLily)."Ord. introduced
First
Iridacese.
2
white,
berries
summer,
herbaceous
Stove
in
frame
in cold long, inserted in sandy peat under bell-glass in Sept. or Oct. layering branches
1 to 2 in. summer
OABDENINO.
OF
BNCYOLOFMBIA
to
d
(t.,
nials. peren-
1789.
tion, PosiCULTURE : Compost, equal parts peat, leaf-mould " sand. March. Feb. or Pot, well-drained pots in light part of stove. to Feb. Apply weak Water to Oct. ; keep dry, Nov. freely,March stimulants occasionallywhen in flower. Temp., 65" to 75", March to Sept.; Sept. to March, 55" to 65". Propagate by division of rhizomatoug roots, Feb. or March. 18 in., Trinidad; red, summer, CULTIVATED: M. brachypua, yellow and SPECIES 2 ft., Trop. America; and summer, oserulea, blue, yellow, brown, orange, 3 to 4 ft.,Trop. America. northiaua, white, yellow, and red, summer, See Calendula. Marigold (Calendula officinalis). Mariposa-lily (Calochortusvenustua). ^See Calochortus. "
"
(Origanum vulgare).
Marjoram
(Horehound).
Marrubium medicinal
Origanum. Labiatce. Hardy
See
"
"
Leaves
herb.
"
Ord.
used
shoots
young
as
perennial popular remedy for
a
coughs. CULTURE March or
:
Soil, ordinary. 18 in.
April,
apart.
Position,
Propagate
CULTIVATED:
SPECIES
Jin. deep in by in shady inserted cuttings seeds
to May; March of roots in March. M. Tulgare, white, June
shady positionoutdoors, border in April; division
Plant,
borders.
dry
sunny
sown
Sept.,
to
1
ft., Britain.
CistUS Marsh (Ledum palustre). See Ledum. Elder Marsh (Viburnum opulus). See Viburnum. See Swertia. Fel-WfOrt Marsh (Swertia perennis\ See Nephrodium. Fern Marsh Thelypteris). (jSTephrodium See Limuanthemum. Marsh-floweir. Gentian 'Marsh (Gentiana pneumonanthe). See Gentiana. Helleborine Marsh palustris).See Epipactis. (Epipactis Marsh Marigold (Caltha palustris).See Caltha. Orchis Marsh (Orchislatifolia).See Orchis. santhemum Marsh Daisy (Chrysanthemum lacustre). See ChryOx-eye "
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
(Ledum palustre). See Ledum. (Menyanthes trifoliata).See Menyanthea. See Viola. Violet (viola palustris).^ See Lilium. Lily (Lilium Martagon). Martagon Unicorn Trunk; Martynia (Elephant's Plant). Ord. Pedaliaces. Rosemary
Marsh "Marsh Marsh
"
Trefoil
"
"
"
"
First
annual.
Half-hardy making pickles. POT manure
in
CULTURE "
of
temp,
60"
1731.
Fruit
edible
"
used
for
equal parts loam, leaf-mould, decayed deep singly in 2-inch pots " place Transfer to 5-in. pots in 70", Feb. or March. 7-in. pots in June. Pot firmly. Position, light
Compost,
;
sand.
introduced
Sow to 6 or
seeds
lin.
April or May; window. sunny greenhouse or in full growth. Apply weak to
Water moderately at first,freelywhen stimulants occasionallyto healthy plants to May, 60" to 70"; afterwards, 55" to 65".
in flower. Temp., Feb. CULTURE: Soil, ordinaryrich. OUTDOOR wellPosition, sunny Sow seeds 1 in. deep singly in 3-in. drained sheltered beds or borders. boxes of lightsoil in temp, of 60" to 70" 3 in. apart in shallow or
pots, in
Feb.
or
March,
transplanting"seedlings8 262
to
12 in.
apart early in
BNGTCLOPMDIA June.
Mulch
planting. SPEOIES 2
with Water
CULTIVATED
OF
GARDENING.
after cocoanut-fibre refuse or decayed manure in dry weather. : M. fragrans (Unioorn Plant), orimaon-purple,summer,
ft., Mexico.
Marvel-Of-Peru
See Mirabilis; (MirabilisJala^a)." (Cassiamarilaudica)."See Cassia. Pink Root See Spigelia. (Spigeliamarilandica)." Masdevallia Ord. Orchidacese. Orchid). (Spectral-flowered Greenhouse 1842. epiphytal orchids. Evergreen. First introduced CULTtfEE: Compost, for robust species(M. Coccinea, etc.),two " sand; for other parts fibrous peat, one part sphagnum moss species " lumps of charcoal, " a (M. Chimsera, etc.),equal ^artspeat, moss little sand. Pot annually in Feb. or March. Position, well-draiued
Maryland Maryland
Cassia
"
for
M.
Coccinea;
teak-wood for M. baskets, lined with moss, essential. Water sun freely,April to Sept.; moderately afterwards, and keep atmosphere moist all the year round. Syringe staging,floors " pots dailyin summer. Temp., Nov. to March, 45" to 55"; March to Nov., 55" to 65". Ventilate freely in summer. at base of last-made Flowers leaves. amiear Resting period,none. Propagate by division of plants in Feb. SPEOIES CULTIVATED: and M. amabilis, rose, crimson, orange, mer, yellow, sum6 in., Colombia; bella, yellow, crimson, and white, spring, 6 in., Colombia; 4 in., Colombia; oaadata, yellow, purple and red, summer, Cnestertonii, yellow, purple and pink, spring, 6 in., Colombia purple, spring, 8 in., ; Cbimsera, yellow and scarlet and crimson, spring, 6 to 8 in., Colombia; Cocoinea Colombia; coccinea, harryana, a variety; Davisii, yellow and orange, Aug., 8 in., Peru; ignea, red, and purple, spring, 6 in., Colombia; rosea, orange, red, and carmine, summer, orange 6 in., Peru; torarensis, wMte, winter, 6 in., Venezuela; veitoMana, vermilion, and There also numerous are purple, spring, 1 ft., Peru. hybrids. Mask-flower See Alonsoa. (Alonsoa iucisifolia). Ord. Compositse. Hardy Matricaria (Double May Weed). herb. perennial CULTTJEE: Soil,ordinary. Position,open sunny beds or borders.
pots
Chimsera.
Shade
from
"
"
Plant, Oct., Nov., March, in in
April. Propagate by cuttingsinserted shady positionoutdoors in spring; division of roots
ordinary soil in Oct. or March. CULTIVATED
SPECIES summer,
1
:
M.
or
inodora
pleniseima (Double Mayweed), white, double,
ft., Britain.
Matthiola
(Ten-week, Brompton, Cape
Giant,
and
German,
Wallflower-leaved
termediate Night-scented,InStock). Ord. Cruci"
" biennials. First introduced ferae. Half-hardy annuals 1731. CULTURE TEN- WEEK STOCK OP OUTDOORS : Soil, deep, rich, well manured. beds or borders. Position, open sunny Sow seeds 1-16 in. deep in light soil in temp. 55" to 65" in March, transplanting seedlingsoutdoors ejid of May; or in cold frame or outdoors in April, Plant, dwarf kinds 9 in. " tall kinds transplantingseedlingsin June. Mulch surface 12 to 15 in. apart each of soil after planting way. Remove seed pods as they form. with decayed manure. CULTURE OP TEN-WEEK POT Sow STOCKS: seeds above as advised. Transplant three seedlingslin. high into a 3-in. pot, " 3 to 4 in. high into a 5-in. pot. Compost, two when parts good soil, " sand. Position, cold frame during May ; one part decayed manure outdoors. Water afterwards freely. Apply stimulants when flower
buds
form.
CULTURE
OF
WALLFLOWER-LEATED
OF
NIGHT-SCENTED
STOCK
:
Same
as
for ten-
week.
CULTURE
STOCK 263
:
Soil, ordinary.
Posi-
OF
ENCYCLOPEDIA beds
tion, sunny
required to
bord'ers.
or
Sow
GARDENING. seeds
Jin. deep
in
April
where
flower.
deep
seeds J in. in STOCK : Sow in Aug. or Sept. boxes in cold frame high singly in a 2-in. pot or four in a old mortar. " 4-in. pot. Compost, equal parts loam, leaf-mould Water frame. in cold ashes in cinder to rim sunny Plunge pots s^parout in rich soil in Plant freely in fine weather. ingly. Ventilate March, or transfer single plantsto a 5-in. or three plants to a 6-in. pot. flowers show. stimulants when Position, Water moderately. INTERMEDIATE OF CULTUEE well-drained pots or light soil in 1 in. Transplant seedlingswhen
Apply
For in flower, light,airy greenhouse. autumn-flowering,sow when in out June. " in March seeds or April, plant STOCKS Sow seeds \ in. " QUEEN : BEOMPTON CULTURE OF in June soil in cold frame or July. Transplant seedlings deep in light lin. high 8 to 12 in. apart where when required to flower following " plant out 2-in. pots ; keep in cold frame in year, or place singly in of double flowers obtained March. Seed-Saving: Largest percentage from plants grown in poor soil, " of the dwarfest habit. M. OULTIVATED: annua), parent of the Ten-week SPECIES annua (or inoana and Intermediate Stooke, S. Europe, annual ; bicomig, purplish-red,spring, fragrant 1 ft., shmb; at night, Greece, perennial or fenestralia,scarlet or purple, summer, Stock), purple biennial, Crete ; inoana (Brompton, Queen, and Wallflower-leaTed 1 ft., lilao,summer, 1 to 2 ft., Levant, biennial; triouspidata, or Tiolet, summer, tristis (Night-soented Stock), purple, fragrant at night, 1 ft., 8. Enrope, annual; E. Europe, biennial. Maurandia^ Ord. Scrophulariacea;. Half-hardy climbing perennials. First introduced 1796. " " leaf-mould INDOOR CULTUEE: Compost, equal partsloam little sand. to May. Pot, March Position, well-drained pots with trained shoots front of stage, or draping over up trellis,walls, or rafters, or suspended in baskets in sunny greenhouse. Water freely, March wards. to Sept.; moderately, Sept. to Nov. ; keep nearly dry afterin flower stimulants to healthy Temp., plants only. Apply March 45" to 55". to Sept. 55" to 65"; Sept. to March S. CULTUEE OUTDOOR Position, against : Soil, ordinary rich. window walls or in sunny boxes. Plant, June. vases or Lift, repot in dry weather. " place in greenhousein Sept. Water gate Propafreely in seeds in. in soil of 1-16 sown by deep ordinarylight temp, 60" to lin. 70" in March, when transplanting seedlings high singlyinto "
shoots inserted in sandy soil under young 55" March to to Aug. 65", bell-glass temp. M. barolayana, Tiolet-purple, CULTIVATED: SPECIES Mexico; trailing, summer, embescens and white, summer, (Syn. Lophospermnm Mexico; scan erubescens), rose dens (Syn. Lophospermnm scandens), purple and violet,snmmoT, 4 to 6 ft.,Uexico. Maxillaria. Ord. Orchidacese. Stove terrestrial orchids. First introduced 1832. CULTURE: Compost, equal parts fibry peat " choppedsphagnum with little sand " charcoal. moss, Position, well-drained pots,pans in light part of greenhouse. baskets or Pot when new mences. growth comWater deciduous speciesfreelyfrom time new growth begins until Nov., then occasionally; to evergreen speciesfreelyfrom March Nov. ; moderately, Nov. to March. Syringe once or twice dailywhilst making growth. Ventilate freely.May to Sept. Temp., April to 55" to 65"; Oct. to April 45" to 55". Oct. Growing period, Feb. to March; resting period,Oct. to Feb. Plants may be grown in sitting cool conservatory when in flower. or room Flowers base of at appear 2
or
3-in.
pots; cuttingsof
m
"
261
ENCYCLOPEDIA
OF
GABDENINO.
pseudo-bulb when latter begins to form. Propagate by division pseudo-bulbs immediatelyafter flowering.
new
of
SFEOIES CULTIVATED M. : and grandiflora, white yellow, fragrant, autumn, Peru; luteo-alba,yellow, white, and purple, fragrant, various seasons, Colombia; piota, yellow, purple and white, winter, Colombia; sanderiana, white and crimson, spring, Peru; Tenusta, white and yellow, winter, Colombia. Max LeiChtlin'S See Lilium. Lily (Lilium Leichtlini)." May (CrataegusOxyacantha). See Crataegus. "
May May May
Apple
(Podophyllum peltatum)."See Podophyllum. FlOVtfer (Epi^searepens)."See Epigsea. Lily (Convallariamajalis). See Convallaria. Meadow See Khexia. Beauty (Ehexia virginica)." MeadOVtf Crocus (Colchicum autumnale)." Stee Colehicum. Meadow Geranium (Geranium pratense)."5ee Geranium. Meadow Meadovtf
Meadow Meadow
"
Pink (Dianthus deltoides)."See Dianthus. Rue (Thalictrum flavum)." See Thalictrum. Saffron (Colchicum autumnale)." See Colchicum.
Saxifrage
(Saxifragagranulata)."See S'axifraga. (SpiraeaUlmaria)." See Spiraea. MeconopsiS (Welsh Poppy; Himalayan Poppy; PricklyPoppy; Nepaul Poppy). Ord. Papaveraceae. Hardy biennial " perennial Meadow-sweet
"
herbs. CULTURE
OF BIENNIAL SPECIES: Sow seeds 1-16 in. deep in soil in light sandy or temp. 60" to 70" in March April. Transplant " seedlingslu April into bed of loamy soil enriched with manure, with cold frame until June. Remove cover or followingMarch April to where Position, well-drained required to flower. rockery. sunny Water Cover surface freelyin summer; keep dry as possiblein winter. of soil under leaves with small lumps of sandstone. Plants flower when die. 2 to 4 years old, " afterwards SPECIES CULTURE OF PERENNIAL : Soil,deep,rich loam, mixed leaf-mould. with " sheltered Position, sunny decayed manure freely March above rockeries. Water borders Plant, or or as April. seeds Wallichii 1-16 M. in. in advised. sown by deep light Propagate sandy soil in temp. 55" to 65" in March or April; M. cambrica by seeds in March 1-16 in. deep in moist soil outdoors or sown April. oambrioa M. 1 ft. BIENNIAL SPECIES: (Welsh Poppy), yellow, summer, iiore-pleno,double flowered ; aouleata, purple, summer, Europe (Britain); oambrioa 3 ft., Himalayas. a ft., Himalayas ; nepalensis (Nepaul Poppy), yellow, summer, M. Wallichii PERENNIAL SPECIES: 4 to 6 ft., (Satin Poppy), blue, summer, Himalayas. See Asparagus. Medeola. of Thorns). Ord. LegumiMedicagfO (Calvary Clover; Crown Flowers succeeded " annuals nosae. perennials. by curiously Hardy "
"
twisted legumes. Sow seeds J in. deep in ordinary : Thin April or May. seedlings freelyin dry weather. CULTURE : Compost, two POT parts good soil,one part leaf -mould, Sow seeds thinlyin 5-in. pots " sand. half a part each of old mortar lin. high, thin to 3 When are seedlings with above filled compost. vrindow Position, Water or each moderately. in sunny house. greenpot. CLOVER CALVARY OF CULTURE soil in sunny positionoutdoors, lin. high to 6 in. apart. Water when
CULTURE
dryish sunny
OP
PERENNIAL borders,
banks,
SPECIES : Stoil, ordinary. rockeries. Plant, Oct.
or
265
Position, or
March.
Propagate by seeds division
in
of roots
ANNUAL
in. deep March. or
i
sown
Oct.
OARDSNINO.
OF
MNOYOhOFMDIA
in
in March;
ordinary soil outdoors
.
(Oalyary Clover), yellow,
echinus
M.
SPECIES:
sTimmer,
6
Europe. SPECIES
PEEBNNIAL
:
M.
faloata
(Siokle-poddedMediok), yellow, Bummer,
in.,
B.
ing, trail-
Britain.
Melastomacese. Stove flowering Ord. Medinilla. evergreen First introduced 1845. shrubs. CULTURE: Compost, two parts fibrous peat, one part loam, half moist half PositioUi sunny sand, part well-decayed manure. part afterwards. " to of Feb. dry stove, Sept.; light moderately part part 70" to Pot. Feb. Temp., Feb. to Sept. 75" to 85"; Sept. to Nov. rately to Sept.,modeWater 65" to 75". 80"; Nov. to Feb. freely,March afterwards. twice March to Sept. Moist daily, Syringe "
essential. Appljrstimulants when plants commence shoots into shape,Jan. or Feb. Prune flowering. Propagate straggly of side 3 to 4 in. long, inserted in sandy firm shoots, by cuttings young in temp. 85" in spring or summer. peat " leaf-mould, under bell-glass, SPEOIES CULTIVATED: M. magnifioa, rosy pink. May, i ft., PbilippineB; amabilis (Syn. Teysmannii), rosy pink, spring, i ft.,Java. E. carnea)." Mediterranean Heath or (Erica mediterranea
atmospherevery
See Erica. Mediterranean
See Pancratium.
Lily (Pancratium maritimum).
"
Mediterranean Steele (Hesperismaritima). See Hesperis. Medlar (Pyrus germanica)." See Pyrus. Medusa^S Head (Euphorbia Caput-Medusse). See Euphorbia. Medusa's Head Orchid (Cirrhopetalum Caput-Medusas)." See Cirrhopetalum. "
"
See Saxifraga. Megasea^ Gentleman Melancholy (Hesperistristis).See Hesperis. Melia Half-hardy (Bead-tree; Indian Lilac]).Ord. Meliacese. First duced intro" deciduous " trees. oru. foliage. Flowering evergreen 1656. Leaves, graceful,feather-shaped,green. CULTUEE Position, large well-drained pots in : Soil,sandy loam. S. shrubberies outdoors cool greenhouse or conservatory, or sheltered of England. Pot or plant, Oct. to Feb. Water (in pots), freeljr to Oct. ; little afterwards. March Propagate by cuttingsinserted in sand under in temp. 55" to 65", summer autumn. or bell-glass "
"
"
SPEOIES
20 ft., India
CULTIVATED: and China.
M.
(Great Cape Honey-flower).
Melianthus
Half-hardy
evergfreen
leaves
Azedaraoli, lilao, summer,
shrubs.
Orn.
fragrant, 10
Ord.
"
foliage. First
to
Sapindacesa.
introduced
1688.
graceful, feather-shaped,green. CULTURE POT : Compost, two parts loam, one part leaf-mould " sand. Position, well-drained pots in sunny greenhouse. Pot, Feb. or to Oct., moderately afterwards. April. Water freely,March Temp., to Sept. 55" to 65" ; Sept. to March March 40" to 50". OUTDOOR CULTUEE : Soil, ordinaryrich. Position, sunny beds or Leaves,
borders. Plant, May or June. Lift roots in Sept. or Oct., " store in cool frost-proofshed or like dahlias greenhouse until planting time. May be grown entirelyoutdoors in warm sheltered parts of 1-16 in. deep in light sandy soil England. Propagate by seeds sown in temp. 65" to 75" in January, Feb., or March, or in similar soil in temp. 55" to 65" in Aug. or Sept.; by inserted soil under
in bell-glass temp.
65"
cuttings in spring
to 65" 266
in light sandy
or
summer
ENCTOLOP^DIA SPECIES
OULTITATED
Melissa
:
GARDENING.
OF
M.
major, brown,
(Common
4 to
summer,
6
ft., 8. Africa.
Ord. Labiatae. Balm). Hardy lierba:oeouB perennials. Aromatic foliage. Leaves, egg-shaped, dark green, or variegated with yellow; fragrant. CULTURE: beds or Soil, ordinary light. Position, warm sunny "
borders. in groups 12 in. apart in rows. Plant, Oct. or March or Gather stems when flowers open for drying for winter use. Cut stems off close to ground after flToweriug. seeds sown Jin. Propagate by deep outdoors in March; division of roots in Oct. or March. SEEOIES
CULTIVATED: M. offloinalis (Balm), white (Britain); offloinalis yariegata, leaves golden. Melittis (Bastard Balm). Ord. Labiatae.
or
yellow,
summer,
3
ft.,
Europe
"
CULTURE borders. of roots
directly after flowering.
SPECIES 18
Hardy perennial.
Sbil, ordinaryrich. Position, partiallyshaded beds or Plant, Oct., Nov., March, or April. Propagate by division :
OTJLTIVATED:
in., Europe
M.
meliasophyllum,
creamy
white
and
pink. May,
(Britain).
MelocaCtUS
Melon Thistle; Turk's Cap Cactus; Cactaceae. Greenhouse succulent perennials. 1788. Stems globular,ribbed, spiny, surmounted by
(Melon Cactus;
Ord.
Pope's Head).
"
First introduced
cylindricalcap.
a
CULTURE
:
rubble, old
Compost,
mortar
two
fibrous sandy loam, one part brick Position, well-drained pots in sunny
parts
sand.
"
window.
four years in March. or week afterwards. Temp., April, to Sept. 65" to 75". 50 to 55"; March Propagate by Sept. to March of sandy soil in temp. 75'-' seeds sown -Jin.deep in well-drained pans in March, keeping soil moderately moist ; cuttingsof stems inserted in small potsof sandy soil kept barely moist in summer mon com; graftingon kinds in April. communis OtTLTIVATED SPECIES : M. (Turk's Head or Melon Cactus), rosy red,
greenhouse
or
Water
a
summer,
once
month,
12 to 18 in., W.
Melon
every
three
once
a
Indies.
(Cucumis melo). "
See Cucumis.
(Melocactus communis).
Melon-ca.CtuS Melon
Repot
Sept. or
"
(Melocactuscommuuis).
Thistle
"
See Melocactus. See Melocactus.
Ord. Filices. Stove MeniSCium. rhizomatous evergreen Fronds entire or once First introduced 1793. divided. ferns. CULTURE : Compost, equal parts loam, leaf -mould, peat " sand. Position, well-drained pots or ledges of rockery in shady part of stove. Water Pot or plant,Feb. or March. freely,April to Sept.,moderately to Sept. 65" to 75"; Sept. to March afterwards. 55" Temp., March of surface of sown fine to 65'. on by Propagate spores sandy pans peat in teinp.75" to 80 any time; division of plants at potting time. OXTLTITATED: M. SPECIES reticulatum, and its Tariety macrophyllum, W. Indies; simplex, Tropioal Asia. Indies; serratum. West Menispermum (Moon Seed; Moon Creeper). Ord. Menisperdeciduous First introduced climber. 1691. flowering maceae. Hardy rich. moist CULTURE borders Soil, with Position, : ordinary shady trellises. twined shoots Plant, Oct. or up walls, arbours, pergolas,or weak or unhealthy shoots, Nov. to Feb. Prune March. gate Propaaway shoots inserted in sandy soil in shady posiby cuttings of young tion hand-light in spring; division of roots, Oct. outdoors, or under "
"
to
March.
SPECIES
Mentha uials.
CUI/TITATED
(Mint; Aromatic
10 to 15 ft.,N. America. oanadense, yellow, summer, Ord. Labiatss. Pennyroyal). Hardy pereu:
M.
"
foliage. 267
ENOYOLOPMDIA
GARDENING.
OF
tion, Soil, rich, moist, ordinary. Posi2 in in. roots border. Plant or deep rows partiallyshady sunny March. Mulch with 9 in. apart in Feb. or layer of decayed manure Water in March. Cut off stems close to freely in dry weather. in " bed with in. soil. Lift 2 " of ground Sept. cover replant every three Gather shoots for drying when flowers first open. years. roots close together (with ordinary soil 'between)in Forcing: Place large pot or box, " put in a temp, of 55" to 65", Oct. to March. Keep soil moist. OF CULTURE PEPPERMINT: advised Same for Spearmint. as Gather when in flower for distillation. CULTURE OP PENNYROYAL: Soil, moist loamy. Position, shaded border. March Plant, Se^t., or partially April,6 in. apart in 15 in. asunder. Water rows Mulch with decayed freelyin dry weather. in April. manure CULTURE OF OTHER SPECIES : Soil, light rich. Position,partially or Plant, March shady borders. cellent April. M. Requienii an excreeping plant for covering surface of soil in moist places. M. should be wintered in a cold frame, " planted Pulegium gibraltarica in April or May. out " Peppermint by division Spearmint Propagate of roots in Feb. or March also of in. 3 ; cuttings young shoots, long inserted in shady position outdoors in summer; shoots Pennyroyal by offdivisions in Oct. or March; or ordinary speciesby division in Oct. or Feb. SPECIES CULTIVATED: M. aquatioa (Bergamot 1 ft., Mint), purple, rammer, Earope; piperita (Peppermint), purple, autumn, 1 ft., Europe; pulegium (Pennyroyal), purple, Aug., 4 to 6 in., Europe; pulegium gibraltarioa (Gibraltar Mint), 2 in., used for carpet bedding; Requienii, purple, summer, creeping, Corsica; Tiridis (Spearmint or Lamb Mint), purple, Aug., 2 ft.,Europe. Ord. Loasacese. Mentzelia.. First introduced Hardy annuals. 1811. CULTURE seeds J in. deep in light sandy soil in temp. 55" to : Sow 65" till May; place in cold frame, " plant outdoors in June. SoU, CULTURE
SPEARMINT:
OF
"
ordinary.
Lindleyi (Syn. Bartonia white, fragrant, Aug.,
Menyanthes Water CULTURE
pools
well-dfained
Position, sunny
brvrders in April sunny SPEfclES CULTIVATED: 1
or
borders,
M. bartonloideB, yellow, aurea), golden yellow, summer, ft., N. America.
(Buck-bean; Bog Bean;
Trefoil). Ord. "
:
marshes
or
"
1 ft., U. summer, 1 ft., California;
March
to
SPECIES to June,
Europe
First
CULTURE: leaf-mould.
lawns
foil; Tre-
Hardy perennialaquatic.
Position,shallow streams, Plant, Sept. to Nov. " March or
CULTIVATED:
M. trifoliata,white, red (Britain). See Babdecia.
in the
mud,
Spruce
purple, fragrant, March
(Picea pungens)." See Pjcea. Saffron),"Hardy bulbous
(Pyrenean Meadow introduced
1820.
SmI, lightsandy Position, moist beds shade
nials. peren-
Flowers fragrant. loam, enriched with
of
decayed manure rockeries,shrubberv borders, bulbs 3 in. deep " 3 in; apart in or
trees. Plant ^^"s down in June " until after plant has flowered. Propagate bed of fine soil outdoors in Aug. or near
and
"
Merendera
or
Marsh
States; ornata,
Oct.
Menziesia. Menzies'
or
in
bog.
bogs. April. Propagate by insertingpiecesof creeping stems or
outdoors
sow
Bog Trefoil;
Gentianaceee.
Soil, ordinary mud
ponds,
or,
May.
%/^^-, JP^'^g? J"ly,
July, " ^oesnot
by seeds
Sept.,or
268
sown
in pans
reappear
Jin. deep in or
boxes
of
pink, July, golden yellow.
leaves
6
in. ;
M.
SPECIES."
8UC0ULENT-LEATED
GREENHOUSE
floribundum,
OARDENINO.
OF
ENCYOLOPMBIA
spcotabile, red, May,
SPECIES: M. Crystallinum (Ice Plant), wMte, and 1 ft. ; pyropeum (Syn. M. tricolor),rose SPECIES: M. ednle (Hottentot Fig), yellow,
ANNUAL
yellow, July, HAEDT
pink, June, 6 in. ; -janegatum,
densum,
1 ft. ;
cordifolinm
July; pomendiannm, white, June, 6 in. red, July; uncinatum,
summer.) See
MespilUS." Metake
Fyrus. (Bamljusa Metake).
Bamboo
Meum
See
"
(Baldmoney
aromatic
or
Callistemon. ; Spignel). Ord.
TJmbelliferae.
"
Hardy
nial peren-
herb.
CULTTJEE: rockeries.
Soil, ordinary. Position, sunny beds, borders, banks flower Plant, Oct., Nov., March, or April. Cut down
stems, Sept. Water freely in the roots, Oct., Nov., March, SPECIES
Bambusa.
See
"
Metrosideros.
CULTIVATED
dry weather. April.
Propagate by
white, May, athamantioum, See Cuphea. ivy (Cobseascaudens). See Cobsea. Liiy. See Furcrsea.
Mexican Mexican Mexican Mexican Mexican
:
division
of
or
M.
Cig'ar-flower.
1
ft., Europe
(Britain).
"
"
"
Marig'Old (Tagetes mexicana)." See Tagetes. Mocic-orange (Fhiladelphus micropbyllus). See "
Philadelphua. Mexican
Oranse-flovver (Choisya ternata)." See Choisya. Poppy (Argemone mexicana). See Argemone. Soap-piant (Agave saponaria). See Agave. Flower Tiger (Tigridiapavonia). See Tigridia.
Mexican Mexican Mexican
"
"
"
Meyenia.
See
Thuubergia. (Daphne mezereum).
"
Mezereon Michaelmas Michauxia
"
Daisy.
"
See
See
Daphne.
Aster.
(Michaux's Bell-flower). Ord. Campanulaceae.Hardy "
perennials.
First
introduced 1787. moist Soil, sandy loam. Propagate by seeds sown
CTJLTUEE sheltered : Position, warm borders. in. in J deep sunny sunny position lowing in April,transplantingseedlingsinto floweringpositionfoloutdoors July or Aug. ; or by sowing seeds in April where plants are
required
to
SPECIES grown
as
a
Michaux's Michauxia. Miconia.^
grow.
CULTIVATED: hiennial,
M.
oampanuloidea,
Bell-flovtfer
white,
July, Asia
Minor.
Best
(Michauxia campanuloides). "
See
Ord. Melastomaceae. Stove orn. foliage evergreen First introduced 1858. Leaves, broad, upper surface velvety plants. under side reddish purple. green, CULTURE : Compost, equal parts fibrous peat " leaf-mould, fourth Position, pots in moist shady plant stove. part silver sand. Pot, Feb. Water March. or moderately in winter, freelyother times. Syringe to Sept. Temp., March to Sept. 75" to 85"; Sept. to foliage March 60" to 70". March in fine light compost in Propagate by seeds sown 85" in March or April; cuttings of shoots of stems inserted in temp.lightsoil in temp. 80" to 90" in spring. OULTltATED: Species O. flammea, leaves 1 to 2 ft.,Brazil; hookeriagreen, and leaves white, 1 to 2 ft. ; magnifloa, leaves bronzy ereen green num, 2 to 3 ft J B "
,
Mexioo.
MicroslOSSa (Shrubby Star-wort)."Ord. Composite. Hardy shrubby perennial. First introduced 1883. CULTUEE : Soil, ordinary. Position, sunny borders. Plant Oct 270
BNOYCLOPMDIA Nov., March, or April. positionoutdoors. March division
of roots, Oct.
SPECIES
or
CULTIVATED:
OF
GARDENING.
Propagate by seeds sown J in. deep in sunnyin soil in cold frame, April; or April, sandy
or
March. M.
albescens, blue
and
Himalayas.
Microlepia."
to
Labiatae.
3
ft.,
Half-hardy shrubby perennials.
Soil, ordinary.
Oct., Nov., March,
sandy
Ord.
"
:
SPECIES
2
See Davallia.
Micromeria, CULTURE
white, autumn,
or
soil under
CULTIVATED:
rockeries. Position, sunny Propagateby cuttingsinserted
April. hand-lightm M.
cold frame, Sept. to Nov. Piperella, purplish white, July to Oct.,
Plant, in ordinary 3
in., S.
Europe.
Mignonette
(Reseda odorata)."See
Mikania,
Reseda.
(German Ivy; Parlour Ivy). Ord. Compositae. HalfPirst introduced 1823. hardy perennial floweringclimber. OUTDOOR CULTURE : Soil, good ordinary. Position, against S. W. arbours or trellises. walls, sunny Lift in Oct., or Plant, May. " store in pots in frost-proof greenhouse or frame. INDOOR CULTURE: Compost, two parts loam, one part leafmould " little sand. or manure Position, well-drained well-decajred or pots with shoots trained round trellises, up rafters, or in suspended "
baskets with Pot, Feb. or
'
shoots hanging down, in sunny greenhouse or window. March. Water wards. freely,March to Oct., moderately afterApply stimulants occasionally. May to Sept. Temp., March 55" to 65"; Oct. to March to Oct. 40" to 50". Propagateby cuttings of shoots inserted in sandy soil in temp. 55" to 65" in spring. SPECIES CULTIVATED: M. 6 to 8 ft., soandens, yellow and white, summer, Trop. America. Milfoil." See Achillea. Orchis Military (Orchis militaris).See Orchis. Milk-Thistle (Silybum Mariannm)." See Silybum. Milk See Astragalus. Vetch." Milk-weed Gentian (Gentiana asclepiadea).See Gentiana. See Polygala. Milk-wort." See Brodisea. Milla. Miltonia. Ord. Orchidaceae. Stove First epiphytal orchids. 1830. introduced CULTURE : Compost, equal parts fibrous peat " chopped sphagnum with few lumps of charcoal. a Position, well-drained moss, pots or in shady paj:t of stove. Water Pot, Feb. or March. pans freely, Shade to Sept.,moderately afterwards. " moist March from sun, to Oct. 65" to 75"; Oct. to atmosphere essential. Temp., March 60" to 65". March Growing period,Feb. to Sept.; restingperiod, Flowers at base of last-made pagate pseudo-bulb. ProSept.to Feb. appear division of time. at pseudo-bulbs potting by M. CULTIVATED: SPECIES Candida, red, brown, yellow, and white, autumn, 13 to 18 in.,Brazil ; Clowesii, yellow, brown, white, and purple, Sept. and Oct., 2 ft., Brazil; ouneata, brown, yellow, white, and rose, Feb., 12 to 18 in.,Brazil; phalsenopsis, white and purple. May, 1 ft.,Colombia; Uegnelli, rose, purple, and white, 1 ft.,Brazil; Uoezlii, white, purple and green, autumn, 1 ft., Colombia; autumn, schroederiana, yellow, brown, purple, and white, fragrant, 1 ft.,Sept., Costa Bica; 8 to 10 in., Brazil; spectabilis moreliana, and purple, summer, speotabilis, rose 1 ft.; speotabilis bicolor, white and purple, November, purple; spectabilis rosy vexillaria, white, rose, yellow, and orange, spring, 18 in., Colombia; rose; rosea, Warsoewiczii, brown, purple, white, and lilao,spring,1 ft.,Colombia. Ord. Mimosa (SensitivePlant; Humble Leguminosae. Plant}." 1638. Stove perennials. Orn. Leaves, foliage. First introduced "
"
"
"
feather-shaped, green, sensitive. 271
OF
ENCYGLOPMDIA
GARDENING.
sand. " Position, Compost, equal parts peat, loam well-drained M. " sensitiva), pots-in plants (M. pudica shoots trained with of for M. but stove similar, marginata ; light part rately modeMarch Water to March. roof. Feb. or Pot, freely, Sept., up afterwards. 65" to 75". to Oct. Propagate by Temp., March 1-16 in. deep in lightsoil in temp. 65" to 75", Feb. or March seeds sown ; cuttings of young shoots inserted in sandy soil in temp. 65" to 75", at CULTUEE: sensitive
for
time. M. pudica " M. sensitiva, though strictly perennials,are generally treated as annuals. any
SPEOII^ CULTIVATED: L. marginata, 6 to 10 ft., Mexico; pink, summer, 12 to 18 in., Brazil; sensitiva, pudica (Sensitive or Humble Plant), rose, summer, 3 to 6 ft., Brazil. purple, summer, Mimulus (CardinalFlower; Monkey Flower; Musk; Harrison's Ord. Greenhouse " Musk). hardy annual " Scrophularinaceae. herbs. First introduced 1826. Flowers, fragrant. perennial POT CULTURE OF MUSK: Compost, two parts loam, one part each of leaf-mould " decayed cow " sand. manure Pot, Feb. to April. Position, shady window Water to Oct. ; or greenhouse. freely,March lants moderately,Oct. to Dec; keep nearly dry afterwards. Apply stimutwo three times weekly. May to Sept. Suitable stimulants or : Soot water, liquidguano, nitrate of soda, cow " horse manure. Temp. to Oct. March 50" to 65"; Oct. to March 40" to 50". OUTDOOR CULTURE OP MUSK: Soil, ordinary rich. Position, moist shady border. Plant, April or May. CULTURE OP SPOTTED MIMULUS seeds on surface of light : Sow soil ; slightlycover with fine mould " place in temp. 55" to 65", Feb., three leaves have formed March, or April. Transplant seedlingswhen 1 in. apart in shallow boxes of light mould. Place in temp. 55" until Plant, outdoors, 4 in. apart, in May, then transfer to cold frame. June. Soil, light,moist, well enPosition, shady bed or border. riched with Mulch with refuse or cocoanut-fibre decayed manure. decayed manure. Apply stimulants occasionally, July to Sept. PERENNIAL SPECIES CULTURE OF (M. cardinaUs, etc.):Soil, to Position, moist, shady border. Plant, March ordinary rich. to Mulch stimulants J une Oct. with June. occasionally, Apply in Oct. in pots similar to common decayed manure May be grown "
musk.
SPECIES: Compost, two parts loam, one " sand. Position, well-drained pots leaf-mould, decayed sticls or trellis. Pot, trained in light airy greenhouse; shoots on Water March. Oct. to March, freelyafterwards. Prune, Feb. moderately to Oct. March 40" to 50" 50" 60". March to Oct. to Temp., ; seeds Feb. to on surface of sown, May, Propagate by light soU, " with a little sand or fine mould, in temp. 55" to 60" ; cuttings covered of youn^ shoots inserted in lightsandy soil in temp. 55" to 65" at any time; division of roots, Feb. to May; by cuttingsof shoots 2 in. long inserted in sandy soil under in bell-^lass temp. 55" to 65" in March, cool in or window, in greenhouse or summer. SPECIES oardinalis PERENNIAL i M. (Cardinal Flower), scarlet, summer, 1 to luteus (Syn. M. ouprens), orang-e 3 ft., N. America; and 6 to crimson, summer, luteus guttatns or maoulosus 12 ins., N. America; (Spotted Mimnlus), parent of the large-floweredspotted kinds, various, 6 to 8 in., summer: mosohatns (Must) CULTURE
OF
SHRUBBY cow
Miniature
manure
Sun-flower
See Heliopsis (Heliopsisisevis)." 272
ENCYCLOPEDIA Minorca
Box
OF
GARDENING.
Tree
See Buxus. (Buxug balearica)." Holly (Ilexbalearica)." See Clematis. Mint See Mentha. (Mentha viridis)." Mirabilis of (Marvel Peru)." Ord. Nyctaginaceae. Half-hardyperennials. Tuberous rooted. 1596. First introduced CULTUKE : Soil, good, ordinary. beds or borders. Position, sunny Plant tuberous in April; seedlingsin June. roots Apply stimulants when in tubers Lift Oct., and store occasionally plants are flowering. in sand, cocoauut-iibre refuse or cinder ashes in frost-proof place until soil in in. in April. Propagate by seeds sown temp. 65" light ^ deep to 75", Feb. or March, in May " cold frame to transferringseedlings of Marvel planting out in June; division of tubers at planting time.
Minorca
Peru
be treated
annual. 2 ft., hybrid; hybrida, Tarious colours, snmmer, .Talapa (Marvel of Peru), various colours, summer, fragrant, 2 to 3 ft., Trop. America colonrs, summer, ; lougiflora, various fragrant, 3 ft., Mexico ; multiflora, 8 to 3 ft., N.W. America. purple, summer, Miscanthus Hardy (Zebra-stripedPush). Ord. Gramineae. Nat. orn. Leaves, narrow, deep green, foliaged grass. Japan. may
SPECIES
as
an
OULTITATBD:
M.
"
yellow.
creamy, CULTUBE
heated, Soil, ordinary. Position, pots in cold, or borders. Pot or on or lawns, plant, greenhouse; groups sunny March or April. Water plantsin pots moderately in winter, freelyin :
in
best adapted for pot culture. Propagate in March or plants April. by M. red, SPECIES CULTIVATED : japonica (Syn. Eulalia japonioa), infloreeoenoe leaves striped white 6 to 7 ft.; japonica folius-striatus, and leaves green, summer, and and 3 to 4 ft. ; japonioa zebrina, leaves banded yellow, 3 ft. ; green, green and sinensis graceful, 3 to 5 ft., China (Syn. Eulalia graoillima), leaves, green, centre. Japan; sinensis unvittata, leaves with yellow band down Currant Missouri (Bibes aureum). See Bibes.
Variegated kinds
summer.
division
of
"
Missouri
macrocarpa). "
Missouri Mistletoe Mistletoe
(CEnothera missouriensis
Evening'-Prlmrose See
CEnothera.
See Brevoortia. Hyacinth. (Viscum album). See Visoum. "
"
Cactus."
See
Bhipsalis.
MitCheila (Chequer-berry; Deer-berry; Partridge-berry).Ord First introduced 1761, Bubiaceae. trailingherb. Hardy evergreen Flowers succeeded by small scarlet berries. leaf-mould. CULTUBE Position, shady : Soil,equal parts peat " rockeries. borders Plant, Oct., Nov., March, or April. Propagate or by division of roots in Oct. or March. 3 in., and purple, fragrant, summer, white CULTIVATED; M, repens, SPECIES "
N.
America.
la (Mitre-wort;Bishop'sCap). Ord. Saxifragacese. Hardy First introduced 1731. perennial herbs. CULTUBE: Soil, sandy peat. Position, partiallyshaded rockeries. or Plant, March April. Propagate by division of the roots, March or
Mitel
"
April. CULTIVATED:
SPECIES
M.
diphylla (Mitre-wort), white, spring,
6
in.;
N.
America.
(Mitre Flower; Scarlet Mitre-pod). Ord. Gesneracese. First introduced 1848. flowering shrub. Position, Stoil,two parts fibrous peat, one CULTUBE part sand. : rockeries. or Plant, Sept. or April. moist sheltered borders CULTUBE: parts sandy peat, one POT Compost, two part leafOct. well-drained Position, " sand. mould pots in Pot, Sept. or Mitraria
Hardy
"
evergreen
273
OF
ENOYCLOPMDIA
GARDENING.
to Oct.; Water freely, March shady cold greenhouse or fernery. inserted in shoots of afterwards. cuttings by Propagate moderately to frame under i n cold or soil greenhouse,April shady light bell-glass Sept. ; division of roots in April. SPECIES
oocoines, scarlet, May to Aug., trailing,Chiloe. (Mitraria coccinea). See Mitraria. (Mitelladiphylla). See Mitella. Ord. Eubiacce. (Citron-scentedGardenia). First introduced 1856. shrub. flowering
OULTITATBD
'Mitre-pod
:
M.
"
Mitre-wort
"
Mitriostigrma Stove evergreen CULTURE:
"
part peat, one part wellwell-drained charcoal. Position, decayed manure pots,or beds in into shape, Feb. Pot or plant, Feb. or March. Prune plant stove. March. 55" to to Sept. 65" to 85"; Sept. to March or Temp., March 65". Water moderately, Oct. to Feb., freely afterwards. Syringe to Sept. daily (exceptwhen in bloom), March Apply liquidmanure to healthy plants in flower. occasionally by cuttingsof firaj Propagfate side shoots, 2 to 3 in. long, inserted well-drained pots of in young in temp. 75" to 85", Jan. to April. sandy peat under bell-glass OTTLTIYATED axillaris (Syn. Gardenia SFEOIES wbite, fragrant, : M. oitriodora), tpring,3 to S ft.,S. Africa. Mocassin Fiovwer (Cypripedium spectabile).See Cypripedium. Mock Cypress (Eochia scoparia). See Kochia.
Compost,
part loam,
one
one
"
"
"
(Philadelphuscoronarius). See Philadelphus. (Acer pseudo-platanus). Stee Acer. (Phillyreaangustifolia).See Phillyrea.
MOCk-Oranse
"
Mock-Plane Mock-Privet See Malvastrum. IVflodiola." Mohria (Frankincense). Ord.
"
"
introduced
Greenhouse
Filices.
"
First
ferns.
Fronds,
1842.
evergreen
feather-shaped, green,
fragrant. two parts peat, one stone, part small lumps of sandsand. well-drained in silver Position, part pote shady part in dwelling room. Pot or of greenhouse, or in beds in wardian cases March. to Feb. Water Oct. wards. or Feb., freelyaftermoderately, plant, 55" to March 65" 55". to to to March 45" ; Sept. Temp. Sept. in surface of fine on Propagate by spores sown sandy peat pans " in 85" time. temp. 75" to placed any OnLIIYATED SFEOIES : U. oaSrorum, S. Africa. Balm Moldavian (Dracoccphalum moldavicum). See Draco-
CULTURE
;
Compost,
one
"
cephalum. Molinia (IndianGrass; Lavender Grass). Ord. Graminete. Hardy perennialgrass. Leaves, smooth, rigid,variegatedwith white. CULTUB.E: Soil, ordinary. Position, open or shady, as edgings to beds or borders. Plant, Oct. or March to June. sion Propagate by diviof roots, autumn or spring. "
3
SPECIES CULTIVATED: to 3 ft., Britain.
M.
ouerulea
Tariegata, leaves variegated
with
white,
Ord. Molopospermum UmbelliferEe. Hardy perennial; foliage. Leaves, fern-like " graceful. CULTURE: Soil,deep, rich. Position,sunny, fullyexposed borders, naturalisingin wild garden. Plant in March. Propagate by seeds "
orn.
or
outdoors when of roots in April.
ripe,or
sown
SPBOIES tral
OULtaVATED:
M.
in cold
frame
oicutarium, yellow
and
;
also by division '
white. May, ""
JjjUrope.
Momordlca
in March
(Balsam Apple)."Ord 274
Oucurbitacere.
3 to 4 ft
Cen'
Half-hardy
BNOYCLOPMBIA annuals
GABDENINO.
OF
climbers.
Orn. foliage. First introduced 1568. Fruit, round, reddish orange; cylindrical, Sept. INDOOR CULTUEE: Compost, two parts decayed turfy soil, one horse part droppings or decomposed manure. Position, pots or beds with shoots trained up roof of sunny greenhouse. Pot or plant,April Size of pots, 8 or 10 in. Water or May. freely. Syringe twice Moist daily. occasionally atmosphere essential. Apply stimulants when fruit forms. Nip off point of shoot at first jointbeyond fruit. Shade from hot sun. Temp., 65" to 75". OUTDOOR CULTTJEE: Position, against Soil, ordinary, rich. walls, trellises, banks. Plant, June. sunny arbours, or trailingover Water freelyin dry weather. occasionallywhen Apply stimulants fruit forms. Pruning of shoots not required. Propagate by seeds sown singly in 2-in. pots filled with light soil in temp. 65" to 75" in
oblong, or
Feb.
March.
or
SPECIES
CULTIVATED
M.
:
Balsamina
Tropios ; Gharantia, yellow, June, 4 East Monarch of the
to
6
(Balsam ft..Tropics.
Apple), yellow, June,
(Sauromatum guttatum). "
See
4
ft,,
Sauro-
matum. Monarda
(Sweet Bergamot; Wild Bergamot; Bee Balm; Oswego duced perennials. First introHardy herbaceous 1656. Leaves, mint, balm, or sage-scented. in open CULTURE: Soil, ordinary. Position, singly,or in masses borders. or Plant, Oct., Nov., March, or April. partiallyshaded in autumn or spring. Propagate by Top-dresswith decayed manure doors, 1-16 in. deep in lightsoil in partially-shaded seeds sown positionoutMarch or April,or in boxes of light soil in cold frame or greenhouse Ord.
Mint). "
Labiates.
in March; SPECIES summer, 4 ft., N.
Monardella" introduced
First
CULTURE borders.
dldyma
M.
America; Ord.
"
in Oct. or Nov. (Oswegro Tea or Sweet Bergamot), scarlet, flstulosa (Wild Bergamot), purple, summer, 3 to
of roots
division
CULTIVATED: 1 to 2 ft., N. America.
Labiatae.
Hardy
annual
perennialherbs.
"
Leaves, fragrant. Soil, ordinary. Position, open or partially shaded : annual species Plant, Oct., Nov., March, or April. Sow
outdoors, where
1877.
required to
grow,
in March
April. Top-dresswith
or
Propagate by seed sown in soil in positionoutdoors, March partially-shaded light deep soil in cold frame or of in boxes or or greenhouse in March ; light AprU, division of roots, Oct. or March. 1 ft.,N. America. SPECIES oandioans, white, summer, ANNUAL : M. fragrant, 1 ft., N. M. SPECIES: scarlet, autumn, PERENNIAL maorantha, decayed 1-16
manure
in
autumn
or
spring.
in.
America.
(Lunaria biennis). See Lunaria. (Lunaria biennis). See Lunaria. Money-in-bOth-PocketS See Lysimachia. nummularia). Money-wort (Lysimachia Mimulus. See Monkey-flower. Nut (Arachishypogsea). See Arachis. Monkey (Araucaria imbricata). See Araucaria. IVIonkey-puzzle Monkshood (Aconitum Napellus). Stee Aconitum. Money-flower
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
Ord.
Monochaetunii"
floweringshrubs. CULTURE: Compost, part leaf-mould greenhouse, Sept. to
"
one
March.
Prune
two
Melastomacese.
shoots
peat,
one
Position, well-drained sunny close
moderately
276
evergreen
part light loam, pots in light to Sept. Pot, frames, June after flowering. immediately
fibrous
parts
little sand. cold June;
Greenhouse
OABDMNINO.
OF
ENCYCLOPEDIA
Syringing twice freely afterwards. June to Oct. stimulants occasionally, Apply 65". 55" to June to 55" March 45" gate PropaMarch to to ; Temp., Sept. well-drained inserted in in. 3 of 2 to shoots, long, by cuttings or April. of sandy peat under bell-glassin temp. 65" to 75", March Oct.
moderately,
Water
daily, March
March,
to
June.
to
pots
off
Nip
induce
points of shoots bushy growth.
of young
plants occasionally,April to Aug.,
to
M. OtJLTlTATED: alpestro, red, winter, 2 ft., Mexioo; hEirtwegiannm, red and purple, winter, 2 ft., Caraccas; 2 humboldtianum, winter, ft., Peru; rose, and mnltiflorum, mauve, spring, rose violet,winter, 2 ft. ; sericeum lemoineanum, 2 ft.. New Grenada.
SPECIES
Aroideae.
(Shingle Plant). Ord.
Monstera. climbers. Oru.
"
foliage
fruiting.
"
Stove
evergreen forated, peraerial roots.
large, handsome,
Leaves,
with dark Stems, creeping, furnished green. Fruit, cylindrical,fragrant, pine-appleflavoured; ripe in autumn. " loam, little CULTURE : Compost, equal parts peat, leaf-mould sand. border Position, well-drained against damp wall of stove or to Oct., warm freely,March fernery. Plant, Feb. to April. Water twice March to afterwards. once daily, Syringe Sept., moderately to Sept. 65" to 75"; Sept. to March daily afterwards. Temp., March 55" to 65". in temp. 70"
Propagate by cuttingsof 80", any
to
the
stems
inserted
in
light soil
time.
SPECIES CULTIVATED Gravia M. aonminata paradoia), : (Syn. M. tenuis and the Shingle Plant, yellow, aummer, fruit, Trop. America ; deliciosa,yellow, summer, delicious,Mexico.
Montbretia."
See
Tritonia.
Cypress
(Cupressus macrocarpa). See Cupressus. See Pinus. (Piuus insignis)." Eosa. See Monthly indica)." Moon Creeper (Menispermum canadense). See Menispermum. Moon See ChrysantheDaisy (Chrysanthemum leucanthemum). mum. Monterey Monterey
"
Pine-tree CRosa. Rose
"
"
Moon
Fern
Moon-seed
(Botrychium lunaria) See Botrychium. (Menispermum canadense). See Menispermum. (Botrychium lunaria). See Botrychium. (ButterflyIris; Wedding Flower). Ord. Iridaeese. ."
"
Moon-Vtfort
Morsea
"
Halfbulbous plants. First introduced 1597. CULTURE: well-drained Soil, light rich sandy. Position, sunny border. Plant, Sept. to Jan., placing bulbs 4 in. deep " 2 in. apart. Lift " replant bulbs annually. Mulch of bed in March surface with "
hardy
cow
manure.
POT mould Place fibre
CULTURE or
:
decayed
cow
Compost,
parts sandy loam, one part leafPots, 4i in. in diameter, well-drained. deep, in each pot in Nov., " cover with cocoanutmanure.
five bulbs 3 in. refuse in cold frame
begins.
two
under moderately from
Water
or
cool greenhouse stage until time bulbs begin to grow
growth until
fade, then graduallycease, keeping bulbs dry till Jan. Temp., to March, 40" to 50"; other times, 50" to 60". Sept. Propagate by
flowers
offsets treated
as
advised
for
bulbs.
M. bioolor, yellow and SPECIES. CULTIVATED: 2 ft., brown, summer, fl"""',J"t"'^?''^'"' S^^-?-, ^'i^robinsoniana),the Wedding Flower, white, summer, to 6 Lord
4
and
ft..
red, summer,
Moreton Moreton Araucaria.
Howes
Islands; unguioulata
(Syn. Vieusseiia
1 ft.
Bay Bay
Lily
S.
white unguioularis), '
(Eurycles Cunninghami)." See Enrycles.
Pine-tree
(Araucaria
Cunninghami). '
276
"
See
ENOTOLOP^DIA sand.
Sept.
GARDENING.
OF
to cold frame, June greenhouse, Sept. to June; wards. afterWater to Oct., moderately freely,March after repottinguntil Apply stimulants occasionally a month March 45" to 55"; cease. expand, then Temp., Sept. to
Position, Pot, March.
flowers to June March 55" to 65". shoots to within 3 in. of their Cut down base after flowering. Young plants: Insert cuttings 3 in. long of in light sandy soil in temp. 65" in Feb. shoofs March. or young When main rooted, place singly in SJin. pots. Nip off point of Shift into 5 or 6 in. 3 in. long. shoots, also of succeeding shoots when Water former freely. Apply pots when pots are filled with roots. stimulants to pagate occasionally. Place in cold frame, June Sept. Proby cuttingsinserted in sandy soil in a temp. 65" in spring. M. and SPEOIES CULTIVATED: purple, winter, 2 to 3 ft., riparium, white S. Africa.
MosSi" Moss
See
Selaginella.
Campion
Moss Silene. Moss
Mossy Mossy
Pink
Silene.
(Silene acaulis). See "
(Phlox
subulata
Silene
and
Rose Phlox
acaulis).See
Phlox
"
and
(Rosa centifolia muscosa). See Eosa. (Phlox subulata). S"e Phlox. Saxifrage (Saxifraga hypnoides). See "
"
Saxifraga. (LinariaCymbalaria). See Linaria. Mother-Of-Thousands (Linaria cymbalaria " Saxifraga Linaria " See sarmentosa). Saxifraga. Moth-plant (Phaleeuopsisschilleriana).See Phalaenopsis. 'Mountain Ash (Pyrus aucuparia). See Pyrus. 'Mountain Avens (Dryas octopetala).See Dryas. Mountain Bladder Fern See (Cystopterismontana). Cystopteris. Mountain Fern Buckler (Nephrodium montanum)." See Nephrodium. "
Mother
O'
Millions
"
"
"
"
"
"
Mountain Mountain 'Mountain Mountain {Mountain sotis.
Centaury
(Centaurea montana)." See Centaurea. (Clematis montana). See Clematis.
Clematis
"
Elm (Ulmus Flea-bane
montana). "
(Erigeron
Forget-me-not
See
TJlmus. alpinus). See "
Erigeron.
See Myo(Myosotis rupicola)."
Mountain-Fringe Mountain
(Adlumia cirrhosa)."See Adlumia. Houseleek (Sempervivum montanum).
"
See
Sem-
pervivum. Mountain Mountain
Ixia-Lily Kidney
(Ixiolirionmontanum). Vetch
See
"
Ixiolirion.
(Anthyllis montana).
"
t^^e
Anthyllis. 'Mountain Mountain Mountain
Mad-wort
See Alyssum. (Alyssum montanum). (Monarda didyma)." See Monarda. Fern Parsley See (Cryptogramme crispa). "
Mint
"
Cryptogrammo. 'Mountain
Pink
Mountain Mountain Mountam Mountain
Sage."
Mountain Mountain
(Dianthus cBsius)."See Dianthus. See
Lantaua.
Sandwort
(Arenaria montana)." See Arenaria. (Arabis albida)."See Arabis Spider-wort (Lloydia alpiua).-See Lloydia Spinach (Atriplexhortensis)." See Atriplex. Snow
Sweet
(CeanotfiuB americanus)."See 278
Ceanothus.
MNOTOLOPMDIA Mountain theiia. Mountain
OABDSNING.
OF
(Gaultheria procumtens).
Tea-plant
"
Gaul-
See
Violet (Viola lutea). See Viola. Atlas Cedar (Cedrus atlantica)."'See Cedrus. Widow (Scabiosa atro-purpurea)."See Scabiosa. Iris (IrisSusiana)."See Iris. "
Mount
_
Mournful
Mourning'
(Cerastium tomentosum).
Clliclcweed
Mouse-ear Cerastium.
Mastaoanthus)." See Caryop(Caryopteria
Plant
Moustache teris.
(Gloriosavirescens).See Gloriosa. (Native Ivy of Australia). Ord. Polygonaoeae. Plants with fernlike climbing plants. Evergreen. Lily
Mozambique Muhlenbeckia
"
"
trailing"
Hardy foliage.
introduced
First
1822.
SoiU sandy Oct., Nov., March, or April. CULTTJEE:
Nov.
Protect,
April by covering
to
in
cuttings inserted
litter or Propagate by to Sept. shady position outdoors, June fern.
adpressa, Australia : M. Zealand. variety ; Tarians, New Morns. See
CULTIVATED
SPECmS
plexa
dwarf
nana,
Mulberry.
(Hemionitiapalmata).
Fern
Mule
Pink.
"
varieties
Hybrid
"
Mulgedium.
See
"
Mummy
of Dianthus. Verbascus. Pisum.
(Banana; Plantain)." Ord. Scitaminacese. perennials. Orn. foliage " edible fruiting.
^WlTTJEE
in
borne
by oblong pods
Compost,
"
Jan.
yellow,scarlet, green;
Inflorescence,
"
oom-
Hemionitis.
See
"
manure
;
Lactuca.
(Verbascum Thapsus)." See Pea (Pisum elatius).See
Mullein
1690.
Zealand
New
of
soil in
sandy
"
Mule
Musa
compleia,
;
Plant,
rockery.
Position, junny
loam.
dry
See
"
huge
Leaves,
clusters.
parts good loam,
two
ceous herbaStove First introduced
April; succeeded
to
large, oblong,
very
part well-decayed
one
lofty sunny Position, pots, tubs or part sand. Feb. to Oct ; Water copiously, to Jan. April. or plant, to Syringe twice daily,leb. fortnightly afterwards. essMitial. Apply Moist atmosphere daily, Sept. to Feb. beds
one
stove.
~"Pot
about
once
Sept.;
once
in
to Oct. Temp., March times weekly, March 60" to 70". to March to Oct. sheltered Position, sunny ENSETE : M. OF CULTTJEE OUTDOOR week second first or m. June, in position Place borders or nooks. Water rfm in the ground. plunging pot or tub to its May stove m Sept Lift " replace m week. a stimulants once lifted m watered in soil freely June, rich also be planted in ordinary in temp. 45" to 55" until following Sept " roots stored close
stiWants
three 70" to 85"; Oct. twice
or
copiousl
Ippll
l^ogether
June
Propagate
by suckers
parent plant
from
removed
placed m
"
5" Pt'E^UTl?iT"Df"M!'cIveXMif
used AbyS.ktad 20
k, Tripios; sapientum plants.
OD'TOOOE borders, beds
(Banana). 10
to
paradisiaoa (Plantain). -rr
j Hardy
Liliaceae.
x,
tu bulbous
Deciduous.
CULTUEE: or
sapientum
summer;
(Grape Hyacinth)."Ord.
Muscari flowering
in
10 to 20 ft
En.ete,
ft., CMna;
for garden decoration
rockeries.
Position,
Soil, deep sandy loam.
SttforplaWng:
Plant,
Small bulbs
Aug. deep
2 in. 279
to Nov.
"
1
in.
in
lines
or
sunny masses.
apart; large
bulbs
Encyclopedia
deep
4 in.
"
in.
4
to
3
gardening.
of
decayed
witli
Mulch
apart.
Nov.
manure,
replant every third year. part leaf: Compost, two parts sandy loam, one sand. Pot, Aug. " one mould manure or well-decayed cow part river to Nov., placing 18 to 20 small bulbs, lin. apart, in a 5-iu. pot; or 1 in. deep in similar 3 to 5 large-sizedbulbs pots. Position, under time of pottingtill growth commences, layer of cinder ashes from till past flowering, window then in cold frame, cool greenhouse or in sunny Water afterwards moderately from time spot outdoors. till foliage fades, then keep dry. Eepot annually. growth commences twice pagate stimulants or once during floweringperiod. ProApply weak cold 1-16 in. deep in light sandy soil in boxes or by seeds sown removed when in Sept. ; offsets from old bulbs frames, or outdoors Seedlings flower lifting" planted as advised for full-sized bulbs. Lift, divide, " CULTURE
POT
when
3
4
to
old.
years
M. botryoides, bine, spring,6 in., Europe; botryoidea (Tassel Hyaointl^, blue, April, 8 in., Europe; comofium monstrosum (Feather Hyacinth), blue, April, 8 in. ; conlcum (Heavenly Blue variety), moschatum blue, April, 8 in., Trebizond; Heldreiohii, blue, May, 8 in., Greece; (Musk Hyacinth), yellow and violet,April, 8 in., Asia Minor; racemosum (Starch Hyacinth), blue, April, 6 in.,Europe. Mushroom. See Agaricus. Musk See Mimulus. (Mimulus moschatus). Musk Grape Hyacinth (Muscari moschatum)." See Muscari. TMalva moschata). See Malva. Musk Mallow Orchis Musk (Herminium monorchis). See Herminium. Musk-scented Rose (Rosa moschata). See Rosa. Musssenda. Ord. Eubiacese. Stove flowering evergreen shrubs. First introduced 1805. CULTURE : " silver Compost, equal parts peat, loam, leaf-mould sand. in moist stove. Position, well-drained light pots Pot, Feb. CaLTIVATED:
SPECIES
albnm,
white;
comosum
"
"
"
"
"
"
April.
to
65"
to
Prune
85";
Oct.
moderately
flowering.
after
Feb., 55"
to
to
65".
moderately, Sept. to
Temp.,
Feb.
Water
to
Oct.,
freely,AprU Sept.; April; keep somewhat dry, Nov. Propagate by cuttingsof young to
" Feb. Nov. to Feb. Oct. to Syringe daily, shoots in sandy soil under in temp. 70" to 80", May to July. bell-glass SPECIES M. CULTIVATED : erythrophylla, yellow, bracts crimson, winter, 1 ft., Trop. Africa; frondosa, yellow, Aug., 2 to 3 ft., India; niacrophylla, orange. May, 4 to 6 ft., Nepanl. Mustard (Salading)."Stee Brassica. to
Feb.
Mutisia.
"
Ord.
Greenhouse Compositse. First introduced Evergreen.
floweringshrubs. OP
CULTURE one
GREENHOUSE
part leaf-mould,
trained Prune
up
rafters
slightlyafter
or
half
SPECIES:
-part
round
sand.
trellises.
flowering. Water Apply stimulants
or
Compost
Position, pots Pot
or
hardy climbing
1823. two or
parts loam, beds; shoots
pl^nt,Feb.
freely,March
to
March. rately Sept.,modeor
afterwards. to occasionally.May Sept March to Sept. 55" to 65"; Sept. to March 40" to 50" OF CULTURE HARDY SPECIES: Soil, ordinary rich. Position, well-drained border against sheltered, shaded wall. Plant
Temp.,
partially
Oct., March,
April. Water freelyxn dry weather. Protect from slugs by placing layer of fine coke or cinders round base of stems. Propagate greenhouse species by cuttings of half-ripenedshoots inserted sand under in in temp. 55" to 65", bell-glass May or Junehardy speciesby cuttingsof similar shoots inserted in sand in shady cold frame or greenhouse in April or May. or
2:0
OF
ENCYCLOPEDIA GBEBNHOUSB SPECIES HARDY SPECIES: M.
;
olomatis, eoarlot, summer,
deourrons,
JVIyOSOtidium ginacese. Hardy
M.
GARDENING.
orange,
(Chatham herbaceous
Islands
G to
10
ft.,Peru.
ft.. Chili.
6 to 10
summer,
Ord. Forget-me-not)."
Bora-
perennial.
1858. First introduced CTJLTTTEE: der. Soil, ordinary. Position, cool " damp sheltered borPlant, Oct. or March. Water freely in dry weather. gate Propa1-16 in. deep in April where by seeds sown plants are required to This plant should be disturbed little as possible. as grow. SPECIES CULTIVATED : M. nobilo, blue and white, spring, 12 to 18 in.,Chatham
Island.
MyOSOtiS (Forget-me-not; Scorpion Grass).-Ord. Boraginaceae. Hardy perennials. CUiiTUEE OF M. ALPESTEIS Position, : Soil, moist grittyloam. sandstone. small of partiallyshady roctery, surrounded by pieces Plant, March or April. "
CULTTJEE
OF in
OTHEE
SPECIES:
Soil, ordinary.
Position,
as
Plant, edgings partiallyshady beds or borders. in. 4 to best These treated 6 Nov., Oct., or March, are as apart. in April,May outdoors biennials or ^namely,raised from seed sown June, transplantedinto the beds or borders in Oct. to flower following in spring or 1-16 in. deep outdoors year. Propagateby seeds sown inserted in soil under sandy hand-light in June or summer; cuttings in division March Oct. roots of or July; CULTIVATED M. white, SPECIES : rupioola), blue and alpestris (Syn. M. and July, 3 in., Europe ; alpestris elegantissima, white, rose, and fragrant, June blue ; alpestris striota, ereot growing, sky blue ; alpestris "victoria,sky-blue, 6 in. ; azorica 6 to 10 in., Azores; alba, white; azorica Imperatrice azorioa, blue, summer, to July, 8 to 10 in.,Alps ; disElisabeth, bluish purple : dissitiflora,sky blue, March to July, 6 to 12 in., Britain; sitiflora alba, white; palustris,sky blue. May palustris Thumb, sky blue, 3 to 6 in. ; sylvatica, semperfiorenB, long flowering ; palustris Tom and its varieties, grandiflora and blue and 1 to 2 ft., Britain; yellow, summer, I elegantissima. Ord. duous Myrica, Myricacese. Hardy deci(Candle-berry Myrtle). shrubs. grant. " evergreen Leaves, lance-shaped,green, highly frato,
or
in
masses
"
"
ders. Position, open sheltered bordeciduous Nov. to Feb. ; Prune Plant, Oct. to March. species, | in. deep in species,April. Propagate by seeds sown evergreen in autumn serted ordinary soil in sheltered positionoutdoors ; cuttings inin sandy soil in sheltered position outdoors, Sept. or Oct. ; layering shoots in Sept. or Oct. ; division of plants, Oct. to March. SPECIES CULTIVATED: M. asplenifolia),brown, asplenifolia (Syn. Comptonia oerifera (Candle-berry or Wax Myrtle), brown, May, April, 3 to 4 ft., N. America; 15 to 20 ft., Amerioa; Gale (Sweet Gale), brown. May, 4 ft., N. Europe (Britain). ciduous Myricaria, Hardy de(German Tamarisk). Ord. Tamaricaceae. CULTTJEE
:
Soil, moist
sandy peat.
"
flowering shrub.
First
introduced
1582. CXILTXJEE Position, open sunny borders or ; Soil, ordinary,sandy. pagate Proto Feb. into shape, Nov. banks. Prune Plant, Oct. to March. 1-16 in. deep in sandy soil in open sunny position by seeds sown in March outdoors or April; cuttingsof firm young shoots inserted in sandy soil outdoors, Aug. to Nov. M. SPECIES CULTIVATED germanioa (Syn. Tamarix germanioa), pink, July, : 6 to 8 ft.,Europe. Plum Myrobalan (Prunus cerasifera). See Prunus. "
MyrrhiS aromatic
(Sweet herb.
Orn.
Cicely). Ord. "
foliage.
Leaves
281
Hardy perennial grant. finelydivided, fern-like, fra-
UmbellifcrtE.
OF
ENOTOLOPMDIA
aAIlDENINO.
borders. Plant, CULTURE : Soil, ordinary. Position, open sunny Oct. or March. J in. deep in ordinary soil Propagate by seeds sown outdoors, Sept. or April; division of roots, Oct. or March. M. CULTITATBD: SPECIES odorata, white. May, 3 "t., Europe (Britain). See Asparagus. Myrsiphyllum."
Myrtle (Myrtus communis). See Myrtus. (Acorus calamus). See Acorus. Myrtle-Flag' " half-hardy Myrtus (Myrtle). Ord. Myrtaceae. Greenhouse First introduced " shrubs. 1597. orn. Flowering foliage. evergreen Flowers, white, fragrant; May to July. Fruit, oblong or round, "
"
"
purplish black berries; fragrant shaped, green, fragrant. CULTURE
GREENHOUSES
IN
"
:
edible.
Leaves,
Compost,
egg
or
lance-
parts sandy loam,
two
Position, well-drained part sand. pots in beds with shoots trained to tubs, or or walls, in light sunny airy greenhouses. Place pot plants in sunny positionoutdoors, June to into shape, Feb. Prune AVater copiously, Sept. Pot, Feb. or March. March to Oct. ; moderately afterwards. to Syringe daily, March Oct. once a week. May to Sept.,to healthy plants Apply stimulants to Sept.,55" to 65"; Sept. to March, 45" to 50" only. Temp., March in dwelling rooms windows under similar treatment. or May be grown OUTDOOR CULTURE: Soil, ordinary sandy. Position, welldrained borders against sheltered S. walls in S. or S.W. of England Protect, Oct. to March, in severe only. Plant, Oct. or March. winters, with mats or straw. J in. deep in Propagate by seeds sown 60" 70" soil in in to autumn or sandy spring; cuttingsof young temp. in temp. 65" shoots, 2 in. long, inserted in sandy soil under bell-glass of firm to 75", springand 2 to 3 in. long, shoots, summer; cuttings soil in cool inserted June window, in or greenhouse or sandy July; branches, 5 to 6 in. long, inserted in bottles of water suspended in window or greenhouse, summer. sunny M. SPECIES CULTIVATED: communis Zealand; bullata, 10 to 15 ft.. New (Common Myrtle), 6 to 10 ft., S. Europe, hardy ; communis flore-pleno,doubleflowered; communis (Syn. Eugenia Lnma), 3 ft.,Chili; varieg;ata,variegated; Luma TJgni (Syn. Eugenia Ugni), 4 to 6 ft., Chili, hardy; Ugni Tariogata, Tariegated. Ord. Gesneriaceae. herbaceous Stove tuberous-rooted Nsegella. " 1840. introduced orn. perennials. Flowering foliage. First
part leaf-mould, half
one
a
"
heart-shaped,green
Leaves,
CULTURE
:
Compost,
part leaf-mould, with
a
or
two
crimson, velvety. parts fibrous peat,
part loam,
one
little
" silver decayed manure shadjrpart of plant stove.
sand.
one
Position,
well-drained to pots or pans in Pot, March flower in summer; June to flower in winter. May to flower in autumn; 1 in. deep singlyin 5 in. pots, or Place tubers 1 to 2 in. apart in larger sizes. Water moderately from time growth begins until plants are 4 in. high, then 3 or freely. After flowering,gradually withhold till foliage dies down, then water keep dry till potting time. Apply weak twice once or week when flower buds a show. liquid manure
Syringing not required. Temp., March under seeds March
peat
55"
stage sown or
in
March to Sept. 65" to 85"; Sept. to Store when foliage has decayed on their sides till potting time in temp, of 50" to 55". Propagate by surface of well-drained pots of sandy peat, in temp. 75", to
on
75".
April; cuttings of temp.
75"
to
85"
in
young
shoots
inserted in pots of sandy of rhizomes at potting
spring, division
time. SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
N.
oinnabariua, scarlet, summer. 282
3
ft.,Mexico;
multi-
ENCYCLOPEDIA
Nail-wort."
See
OF
Paronychia.
Naked-flowered
Azalea
(Ehododendrou
Rhododendron.
Naked-flowered
nudiflora)." See
Crocus
See Crocua. (Crocus nudiflorus)." (Heavenly Bamboo)." Ord. Berheridaceae. Half-hardy
Nandina
evergreen floweringshrubs. CULTURE : Soil, peat " loam. mild districts only. Plant in in inserted in sandy peat in a warm
OTJLTITlTED:
SPECIES i-eadisa
GASDBNIN0.
tint
autumn,
in
Nankeen
N.
Position, sheltered
May
or
beds
or
borders
Sept. Propagate by cuttings
greenhouse
domestioa, white,
in
spring
summer,
4 to 6
or
summier.
ft.,leaves
aBBume
Japan.
Lily (Lilium testaceum)."See Lilium.
Nanodes.
Narbonne Narcissus
Flower; Lent
See Flax
Epidendrum. (Linum narbonenae). See Linum. Sacred (Daffodil;Jonquil; Chinese Lily; Chalice Lily).Ord. Amaryllidaceas. Hardy bulbous perennials.
Classification
"
"
"
Narcissi
sections or main Medio-CoroII. groups, Magni-Coronati (Trumpet Daffodils). nati (Chalice-cupped Daffodils Star Narcissi). III. Parvi-Coronati or Poet's or (Dolly-cup Narcissi).Group I. have large trumpets; II., short trumpets or cups; III., very short cups or trumpets. To first the " belong group followingtypes: Yellow, white " yellow (Bicolor), :
are
divided
into
three
viz.: I.
trumpet kinds, Johnstonii, cyclamineus, bulbocodium, Humei, Backhousei, " tridymus; to second incomparabilis,Barrii, group, Leedaii,montauus, Bernardi, Machai Nelsoni, triandrus, juncifolius, " odorus; to third Burbidgei, Engleheartii, poeticus,poetaz, group, tazetta or Daffodil polyanthus, biflorus, and jonquilla. The name usuallyappliesto kinds with long trumpets.
cream
OUTDOOR loam for
CULTURE: Soil, ordinary for common kinds; sandy " vars. bulbocodium ; peaty soil for N. cyclamineus. No must be applied. Position, partiallyor quite shady beds or manure borders facing N. or N.E. for robust kinds; rockeries sheltered from N. N.E. winds for choice or dwarf kinds. or Plant, June to Oct. Depth for planting,3 to 4 in. on in. 6 on soils; heavy light soils. Distance Lift N. bulbocodium in July " replant in Oct.; apart, 2 to 6 in. other kinds every three or four years in July. Do not remove foliage until quite dead. for Manures of basic slag or 4 oz. of bonemeal : 4 oz. of for above of soils. heavy soils; ^oz. sulphate potash sandy Apply quantitiesper square yard before planting. holes 2 to 3 in. wide, 3 in. deep. Place CULTURE : Make IN TURF " Grass bulb in each with soil " turf. one cover Plant, July to Oct. until must leaves turn not be cut yellow. INDOOR CULTURE : Compost, two parts fibrous loam, one part or leaf-mould, one part sand. Pot, Aug. to Nov., well-decayedmanure placing 3 large, 6 medium-sized, or 12 small bulbs in a 5-in. pot. Depth for planting: Allow apex to just appear above surface of soil. in frame until growth begins, or Position, under cinder ashea outdoors window. Water then remove to greenhouse or only when growth weak afterwards. stimulants when Apply moderately commences; for 55" 65" to After flowers appear. flowering, forcing, Temp, " N. cyclamineus, outplant bulbs, except those of N. bulbocodium after latter the aoil of doora. flowering. dry Keep N.
283
gabdhnino.
of
enoyoloPjEdia
fill a Japanese CHINESE LILY: Half OP CULTUEE SACKED this. to just cover bowl with shingle or gravel, " add 8uflB.oieut water Put bowl in " surround with Place bulb the on shingle pebbles. then to dark until remove light. Change cupboard growth begins, water once a week; use tepidwater only. Bulbs usually flower 5 to 6 weeks after being placed in bowls; useless after flowering. Propagate seeds sown Jin. deep in pans of sandy loam in cold frame in by autumn, transplantingseedlingsfollowingyear 1 in. apart in bed of soil in shady positionoutdoors; by offsets, removed from old sandy in for advised bulbs as July or Aug., " replanted at onoe parent bulbs. Seedlingbulbs flower when three to six years old. SPEOlls CULTIVATED: and N. biflorus, white yellow. May, 1 ft., Europe; Bulbooodium (Hoop-pettiooat Daffodil), yellow, April, 6 in., S. Europe, and its Graellsii Tarietiea, oitrinus (sulphur-yellow), conspicuus (yeliow), (sulphur-yellow), and 1 ft., Pyrenees ; monophyllus white, sprmgr, cyolamineuB (white); oernuus, and (Oyclamen-ilowered Daffodil), lemon yellow, springr,1 ft., Portugal; gracilis, yellow,April, 1 ft.,France ; inoomparabilis (Chalice-cup Daffodil), yellow, April.l ft., Europe; Johnstonii, pale sulphur, 1 ft., Portugal; jonquilla (Jonquil),yellow, April, 9 in.,Spain; jonquilla flore-pleno,double; juncifolius (Bush-leaved Daffodil),yellow, spring, 1 ft.,S. Europe; MaoLeayii, cream, March, 6 in., Pyrenees; major, yellow, March, 1 ft,,Europe; maximus, yellow, April, 1 ft.,Europe; minor, yellow, March, 9 in., Europe; minor minimus, sulphur-yellow, 6 in.; mosohatus (Musk Daffodil), odorus white, April, 1 ft., Pyrenees; (Campernel), yellow. May, 1 ft., Spain; terranean poeticus (Poet's Daffodil and Pheasant's Eye Narcissus), white. May, 1 ft., MediDaffodil or Lent (Common Region; Pseudo-narcissus Lily),yellow, March, 1 ft.,Europe (Britain); pseudo-narcissus bicolor, white and yellow ; serotinus, white and and Chinese yellow, Sept., 1 ft., S. Europe; Tazetta (Polyanthus Narcissus and Sacred triandrus Lily), white yellow, March, 1 ft., Mediterranean Region; (Angel's Tears), white, April, 6 to 9 in., Spain; triandrus calathinns, sulphuryellow. N. PRINCIPAL HYBRIDS: Backhousei, sulphur and yellow; Barrii, sulphur and Burbidgei, white, yellow and red; Humei, sulphur and lemon-yellow; orange; varieties of each of above. Leedsii, white and sulphur. Numerous DOUBLE-FLOWERED PRINCIPAL DAFFODILS." Capax plenus, lemon; cemuus plenus, white; lobularis plenus, yellow; minor plenus, yellow; Telemonius plenus, and Eg^s, yellow and orange; yellow; Butter Eggs and Bacon, white and orange; and and Codlins white Cream, sulphur; Queen Anne's Jonquil (N. odorus plenus), yellow; and Camperuelli plenus, yellow. NartheciUiYl (Common Bog Asphodel). Ord. Liliaceae. Hardy herbaceous perennials. CULTURE : Soil, ordinary. Position, moist beds, borders or margins "
ponds. Soil, ordinary, or boggy peat. Plant,
of
Oct. March. or seeds sown in March or April, where plants are required to grow; division of roots in Oct. or March. SPECIES CULTIVATED: N. ossifragum, yellow, July, 6 in., Europe (Britain). Nasturtium. A term commonly but erroneously applied to
Propagate by
"
Tropaeolum majus. Nasturtium
(Water Cress)."Ord.
Aquatic.
herb.
CULTUEE Dimensions
length.
IN
Leaves, BEDS
of
beds, 3 Depth of soil, IJ
to
Cruciferse.
Hardy perennial
brown; largely used for salads. : Soil, ordinary. Position, open.
green IN WATEE to 4ft. wide; or
3
to
3 in.
Gin.
deep;
no
limit
as
to
water IJin. when Depth flow growing freely; 6 in. in winter. must Water through beds, not be stagnant. Plant, May and June for gathering in Aug. to Feb.; Sept. to Nov. for gathering Feb. to May. Eeplant beds twice annualljr.Distance for planting,6 in. apart m 2 ft. rows, between Soil must rows. be removed each planting. Gather the tops
planted; 3
once
CULTUEE water
m
first
in. when
week;
a
of
cut, not IN
open
air
PANS or
off. break, them : Soil, ordinary. under
glass. 284
Stow
Position, tubs seeds
1-16 in.
or
deep
tanks of in March
ENCYCLOPEDIA
OF
GARDENING.
4 in. deep " 2 in. well-drained border. Plant, Jan., placing bulbs of bed Mulch surface in apart. Lift " replant bulbs annually. with March manure. cow POT CULTTJBE: Compost, two parts sandy loam, one part leafmould Pots, 4i-in.in diameter, well drained. or decayed cow manure. Place five bulbs 3 in. deep, in each pot in Nov., " cover with cocoanut in cold frame under cool greenhousestage until growth fibre refuse or Water commences. moderately from time bulbs begin to grow until flowers fade, then gradually cease, keeping bulbs dry till Jan. Temp., Sept. to Mar., 40" to 50" ; other times, 50" to 60". Propagate by offsets for bulbs. advised treated as 6 in., California ; N. SPECIES OtTLTITATED: ooeleBtina,blue, summer, gemini6 in., California. flora,yellow and black, summer, Ord. Scrophulariacese. Half-hardy annuals. Nat. Nemesia.. S. Africa. First introduced 1774. Flowers, fragrant. beds rockeries. CULTURE Soil, ordinary. or : Position, sunny seeds in in well-drained 1-16 March in. sown Propagate by pots or deep with in fibrous " filled loam little ashes. Place wood light temp. pans, 55" to 65", transplantingseedlings when they have formed three leaves 1 in. apartin well-drained pots, macing in temp, of 55", " plantinginto in June; in May 1-16 in. outdoors also seeds sown flowering position in where outdoors to wards flower, afterpatches plants are required deep 2 in. 3 or apart. thinning seedlingsto SPECIES CULTIVATED: N. bioornis, purple, July, 2 ft.; strumosa Suttoni, "
TariouB
colours, summer,
1
ft.
Nemophila, Hardy
Ord. (CalifornianBlue-bell). First introduced 1822. trailingannuals. "
Hydrophyllacea.
CULTURE OUTDOOR : in Soil, ordinary. Position, in masses or lines as edgings to sunny beds or borders. Sow seeds 1-16 in. deep in March in Aug. or Sept. for flowering or April for floweringin summer; in spring. Thin seedlingsto 1 or 2 in. apart when i in. high. two POT CULTURE ; Compost, parts good ordinary soil, one part leaf -mould Size of pots it^in. diameter. or manure. well-decayed Place 1 in. of drainage in pots, cover with moss " fillup to within J in. of rim with above Sow seeds thinly,slightly compost pressed firmly. " with in fine cool mould, place pots covering shady frame or window. when at Water first,freely moderately seedlingsappear. Apply weak stimulants twice weekly when once or plants begin to flower. Position in flower, cold sunny when frame. or greenhouse, window CULTIVATED: N. aurita, purple and 1 ft., California; SPECIES violet,summer, 1 ft., Cfalifornia; insignis alba, white; insignia jnsignis,blue and white, summer, and white blue ; maculata, white and 'grandiflora, 6 in., California; purple, summer, 6 in., California. Menziesii, white or blue, summer, Laburnum Nepaul See Piptauthus. (Piptanthus nepalensis)."
Nepaul Nepaul
Poppy
See (Meconopsis nepalensis)."
Trumpet-flowrer
(Beaumontia
Saxifraga. See grandiflora)."
Beaumontia.
(Pitcher-plant). Ord. Nepenthacese. Stove ever sub-shrubby perennials. Orn. foliage. First introduced 1789. Flowers, greenish,dioecious, insignificant. Leaves, oblong or lanceshaped, terminating in a pitcher-likeappendage; green variously Nepenthes
"
green
with mottled CULTURE
red, brown :
sphagnum moss. part of stove.
Compost,
" two
Position
Plant,
or
crimson. fibrous parts good brown suspended from
in baskets
re-basket, Feb. 286
or
March.
peat, roof
one
in
part shady
Temp., March
BNOYCLOPMDIA to
Sept.
OF
70"
to 85"; Sept. to March Sept.,moderately afterwards.
GARDEN
IN 0.
Water copiously, all the twice daily Syringe Moist atmosphere very. essential. pagate ProShade from sun. year round. surface of mixture on of fibrous peat " sphagby seeds sown num in well-drained moss covered with bell-glass" placed in a pan moist frame heated to temp, of 80" to 85"; cuttings of one year old shoots inserted singly in small pots plunged in bottom heat of 85" any time. March
to
65"
75".
to
SPECIES CULTIVATED: N. alto-marginata, green, red, and white, Singapore; bioalcarata, green, Borneo ; Curtisii,green, crimson, and purple, Borneo ; northiana, and India ; eanguinea, green red, and brown, purple, Borneo ; rafflesiana, green, blood red, Malaya; Veitohii, green, Borneo; Tentricosa, green, brown, and crimson, Philippines. Numerous pretty hybrids.
Nepetcl,
(Cat-mint; Ground Ivy). Ord. Labiatae. trailingperennials. Leaves, heart-shaped,dark "
Hardy or
herbaceous gated varie-
green with white. CULTTJEE or : Soil, ordinary. Position, sunny beds, borders rockeries. N. Glechoma Plant, Oct. to March. variegata also makes a pretty basket plant for a cool greenhouse or window; or for draping 1-16 in. deep where in greenhouse. Propagate by seeds sown staging division of roots, Oct. to to to March are May; plants required grow, March. SPECIES CULTIVATED N. Glechoma variegata (Variegated Ground : Syn. Itj;), Gleohoma ; Mussinii, blue, hederacea, leaves silvery, trailing, Europe (Britain) 2 ft., Caucasia. summer, Nephrodium (Buckler Fern)." Ord. Filices. Stove, greenhouse, "
hardy
ferns. CTTLTTJEE OP
GREENHOUSE
Compost, equal parts pots, borders or
SPECIES;
Position, well-drained loam, leaf-mould, peat " sand. or Pot or plant, Feb., March, rockeries, in shade.
Water
April.
Temp., Oct. to March, moderately,Oct. to Feb.; freelyafterwards. 40" to 50" ; March 55" to 65". to Oct. leafSPECIES STOTE CULTUEE OF : Compost,equal parts loam, Position, well-drained pots in shady part of mould, peat " sand. wards. Water stove. moderately, Oct. to March, freelyafterPot, March. 65'^ to 75". March to 55" March to to 60"; Stept. Temp., Sept. rich. tion, PosiSPECIES HAEDY CULTUEE OP : Soil, ordinary light in dry Water rockeries. freely Plant, borders April. or shady wellor weather. May to Sept. Top-dress annually with leaf-mould litter. bracken or with weather in severe Protect decayed manure. Do dead fronds until April. Propagate stove and house greennot remove bellsurface of fine sandy peat, under sown on speciesby spores glass,in temp. 75" to 85", any time; by spores plantingtime ; hardy species shady cold frame; division in Aprili
division sown
on
of plants at potting or surface of sandy soil in
Islands; dissectum. Tropics. (Syn. Lasterea ouspidatum, Ceylon ; deoompositum erythrosa), Japan; hispideoomposita), Australia, etc.; erythrosum (Syn. Lastrea its varieties and corymbiform moUe, Zealand; lepidum, Polynesia; dum. New ing aristata), Japan; patens (Spread(Syn. Lastrea and grandiceps. Tropics; Otaria New multifidum. Caledonia; Sieboldii (Syn. Wood Tropics; Eiohardsii Fern}, its variegated form, Japan. Lastrea Sieboldii), and reourva), Hay-soentcd Buckler ajmulum N. SPECIES (Syn. Lastrea HABDT : Lastrea and cristatum oristata).Crested (Syn. Aspidum Fern, Britain; cristatum Filix-mas Filix-mas), Male Buok'erFern, Britaih, and N. America; (Syn. Lastrea and the Zone; fragrans Temperate varieties, Britain its numerous Fern, and hirtipes (Syn. goldieanum, N. America; Fern), N. America; (Fragrant Wood BuokOreopteris), Mountain (Syn. Lastrea Laetiea atrata),Trop. Asia; montanum SPECIES: STOVE GREENHOUSE
N.
SPECIES
albo-punotatum, Masoarene :
N.
^
287
,
"
,,
FjNOyolopmdia ler
Fern,
Lastrea Shield
and
N. varieties, Europe America; rigidum (Syn. (Britain), and Temperate dilatum). Prickly Zone; spinulosum (Syn. Lastrea Zone Temperate (Britain); Thelypteris (Syn. Lastrea Theiypteris), Zone Fern, N. Temperate (Britain).
N.
Fern, Buckler
N.
Nephrolepis ferns.
plain
(Ladder
First
introduced crested.
or
CULTURE
lumpy
gardening.
its
rigidum),
Female
of
:
JPern). Ord. "
1793.
Stove
Filices.
Fronds, linear,
Compost,equal parts loam, leaf-mould Position, in baskets suspended from
evergreen
divided,
once
narrow,
"
sand,
two
parts
in welldrained in of beds or stove. Pot or pots shady part plant, Feb. or Water March. to Oct. afterwards. March; freely moderately, Temp., 55" to 60"^; March to Sept. 65" to 75". Sept. to March Propagate by surface of pans of sandy peat under on " placed bell-glass, spores sown in temp. 75" to 85", any division of time; plants, Feb., March, or April ; pegging down creeping stems bearing young plants " removing
peat.
roof,
or
rooted.
when
SPECIES
CULTIVATED: N. Bausei, 12 to 18 in.. Garden origin; cordifolia,1 to ft., Tropics; dayallioides, 1 ft., Java; Duffli, 1 ft., Australia; exaltata (Ladder rufescens, 2 to 3 ft., Tropics; Fern), 2 to 3 it., Tropics; i-luma, 1 ft., Madagascar;
2
tripinnatiflda,2 Nerine
to
3
ft., Solomon
Lily;
(Guernsey
Greenhouse ryllidaceae.
Islands.
bulbous
Several
varieties.
Guernsey Lily).Ord.
Scarlet
"
plants.
Deciduous.
First
Ama-
introduced
1680.
CULTURE cow
manure
placing one
:
or
Compost,
part well-decayed parts sandy loam, one sand. Pot, Aug. to Nov., part coarse depth in a 4J-in.pot, or three in a 6-in. pot;
two
leaf-mould,
bulb
half its
one
Position, light cool greenhouse, Sept. to good drainage essential. rately, modeor May ; cold frame spot outdoors. May to Sept. Water sunny flower spikesshow; keep quitedry. as Sept. to May, or as soon TopMay to Sept. Apply stimulants occasionallyduring growth. h dress annually with manure cow loam, decayed sandy parts eq^ual sand in Aug. Repotting only necessary every three or four years. of rest. May to Sept. Season of growth, Sept. to May ; season with CULTURE OUTDOORS : Soil, lightsandy, enriched decayed cow
manure.
Position,
Plant,
Aug. to Nov., covering of dry litter. manure. decayed cow
by
offsets
2
well-drained borders at sunny to 3 in. deep. Protect, Nov.
base to
of S. wall.
April, with
Top-dress annually in Aug. with leaf-mould or " replant every four or five years. pagate Pro-
Lift
removed
when
repotting " treated as old bulbs. appendioulata, pink, autumn, 1 ft.. Natal; onrvi1 ft., S. Africa; ourvifolia folia, scarlet, autumn, Fotliergillii, deep scarlet; fili1 ft., S. Africa; folia, red, autumn, flezuosa, pink, Sept., 2 ft., S. Africa; flexuosa pink, Sept.,2 ft. ; flexuosa pulchella, pink and red, Sept.. an^ustifolia, 3 ft.; samiensis (Guernsey Lily), salmon, autumn, 2 ft., S. Africa; samiensis sarniensia scarlet; Plantii, crimson; sarniensis orange corusca, rose; rosea, samiensis and venusta, scarlet;pudica, white pink, autumn, 18 in., S. Africa; 1 ft., S. Africa; undulata, pink. May, Moorei, scarlet, autumn, 1 ft., S. Africa. Numerous hybrids. Nerium (Oleander; Rose-Bay). Ord. Apocyuaceae. Greenhouse First introduced grant. floweringshrubs. 1596. evergreen Flowers, fraSPECIES
CULTIVATED:
N.
"
CULTURE:
Compost,
two
posed parts sandy loam, one part well-decompart sand. Position, pots, greenhouse or window; place
" one manure, part leaf-mould well-drained tubs beds in light sunny or pot or tub plants outdoors, June to Sept. one
immediately previous year's growth Prune
after
flowering,or to
within
3
288
or
Pot or plant,Feb. or March. in Oct., shorteningshoots of 4 in. of their b.ase. Temp
ENOYOLOPMDIA
OF
OABDENING.
45" to 55"; March 55" to June Sept. to March to 65". Water to Sept.; moderately, Sept. to Nov. ; keep nearly copiously,March twice weekly. May to dry, Nov. to March. once or Apply stimulants Remove shoots that issue from base of flower trusses Sept. young No shade as soon as they appear. required. Syringe twice daily, March to June. Propagate bjrcuttingsof firm young shoots, 3 to 6 in.
long, inserted
greenhouse
in bottles
in
summer;
parts peat, loam, 60" to 70,
of rain or
singly in 2-in.
leaf-mould
springor
or suspended in sunny window pots in a compost of equal sand, placed under bell-glass in temp.
water,
"
summer.
OCrLTITATED: SPECIES 6 to 12 ft.. Orient; and its (double rosy pink) ; Madonna
N. Oleander lOleander or Rose Bay), red, Bummer, varieties, album plenum (double white); Henri Mares grandiflorum (double cream) ; and splendens (double
red); variegatum ((leaves variegated).
Nertera, " Greenhouse (Fruiting Duckweed). Ord. Eubiaceae. Orn. fruiting. First introduced half-hardycreepingperennial herb. Berries 1868. red or crimson. round, bright orange INDOOR CULTTJEE : Compost, two parts sandy loam, one part leaf"
mould
"
sand.
Position, small
Pot, Feb. part of greenhouse. Sept.; moderately afterwards.
well-drained pots or pans in shady March. Water to freely,March to Oct. 50" to 60"; Temp., March
or
40" to 50". Oct. to March OUTDOOE CULTUEE : Soil, ordinary light rich. Position, moist sheltered ledges of shady rockery. Plant, March or April. Water in dry weather. in severe Protect weather with bell or hand-glass. 1-16 in. deep in light sandy soil in temp. 55" Propagate by seeds sown to 65" March or April; division of plants in March or April. SPECIES CULTIVATED: N. depressa, 1 to 2 in., flowers green, Australasia. Ferrii See Gleichenia. Net "
Netted-flOMrered
Toad-flax
(Linaria reticulata).
See
"
Linaria.
Nettle
Geranium
Nettle-leaved
See Coleus. (Coleusfruticosus)." Bell-flower (Campanula Traohelium)."See
Campanula. Nettie
Tree
See Celtis. (Celtisaustralis)." Lily (Lilium washiugtonianum). See Lilium. duous (Alabama Snow Wreath). Ord. Eosacese. Hardy decishrub. flowering CULTUEE : Soil, good ordinary. Position, sunny sheltered shrubbery. of Plant in autumn. shoots Propagate by cuttings half-ripened in summer; inserted in sandy soil in cold frame also by layering in Nevada Neviusa
"
"
autumn. SPECIES
New "
See
New New New
CULTITATED:
alabamiensis, white. May, 6 ft., N. America. Pine-tree (Araucaria Cookii " A. Euleii).
N.
Caledonia Araucaria.
England England Jersey
Mayflower Star-wort
Tea-plant
(Epigaearepens)."See Epigaea. See Aster. (AsterNovse-Angliae)." (Ceanothusamericanus). See Ceano"
thus. Newman's beckia. New Zealand
Grisellina. New Zealand
Cone-flower
"
Broad-leaf Bur
Eud-
(Eudbeckia speciosa).See
(Grisellinamacrophylla). "
(Acaenamicrophylla). See "
289
Acaena. L
See
(Clematis indiviaa lobata)."See
Clematis
Zealand
New Olematia. New cuius. New New
OABDSNINO.
OF
ENCYCLOPEDIA
Eanun-
(RanunculusLyalli). See
OOt
Zealand
Crovw-f
Zealand Zealand
Bush Daisy Dragon-plant
"
(OleariaHaastii)." See Olearia. See (Cordylineaustralis)."
Cordyline. New
(Phormium
Flax
Zealand
"
tenax
P.
See Colensoi)."
Phormium. New thus. New New
Zealand Zealand
Clian-
(Clianthuspuniceus).See
Glory-Pea
Zealand
"
See Osmanthus. (Osmanthus ilicifolms)." See tetraptera)." (Sophora
Holly
Laburnum-tree
Sophora. New
(Ehogalostylesapida)."See
Palm
Zealand
Rhopalo-
style. (Cortadeiraconspicua). See Cortadeira. Spinach (Tetragonia expansa)."See Tetra-
Zealand Zealand
Nevtf Nev\r
Reed
"
gonia.
Ord. (Apple-of-Peru)."
Nicandra
nunculus. Ra-
See (Ranunculus Lyallii)."
Water-Lily
Zealand
New
(Dicksonia squarrosa)."See
Tree-tern
Zealand
New Dicksonia.
Hardy
Solanaceae.
annual.
1759. introduced pagate Proborders. CULTURE: Position, sunny Soil, ordinary. open soil in temp. J in. deep in pots or boxes of liglit by seeds sown 55" to 65" in March, transplanting seedlings 3 ft. apart outdoors m ing May ; or by sowing seed in sunny positionoutdoors in April,transplantFirst
seedlings in SPEOIES 2 ft., Peru.
NiCOtiana
June.
OULTIVATED:
N.
physaloides, bine
(Tobacco Plant). foliage. Flowering " orn.
annuals. First annuals. POT CULTURE
"
introduced :
and
white,
summer,
18
in.
to
Half-hardy Solanacese. Ord. as All the speciesbest grown
1570.
Compost,
two
parts loam,
one
part leaf-mould
or
or " one Position, sunny shady greenhouse part sand. window. Water freely when in full growth; moderately at in flower. when other times. twice a week once or Apply stimulants 50". 40" to to Sept. 55" to 65" ; Sept. to March Temp., March beds or CULTURE OUTDOOR Position, sunny : Soil, ordinary. of three Protect in June in groups N. alba Plant six. borders. or Will in winter with covering of cinder ashes, tan or decayed manure. soils. only survive winter in well-drained TOBACCO CULTURE OF PLANT: SoU, ordinary. Position, beds borders. June. Gather Plant, leaves of N. tabacum or sunny Water in Sept. for drying. freely in dry weather. Propagate by the surface of fine light mould seeds sown in a shallow box on or pan in shade, in a temp. of 65" to 75", in March also or by cuttings April, inserted in sandy soil in temp. 55" to 65" in autumn of the roots or
decayed
manure,
or
spring. OULTIVATED: 8PE0IES white, fragrant, eummer, summer,
America;
3
N. 3
alba (Syn. ft., strictly a
Afflnia), the Sweet-soented Tobaooo, perennial, Brazil; sylvestris,white, (Tobaooo Plant), rose, summer, i ft., S.
to 4 ft., Argentina ; tabaoum tabaocum maorophyllum, red, rose,
290
or
purple, summer;
tomentosa
(Byn.
ENCYCLOPEDIA
OABDENING.
OF
2 ft., Coloaeea), pink and white, 10 to 13 ft.,S. America; Buavolens, white, summer, Sanderse, S. America; 8 "t., S. America; yoUow and white, summer, wi^a"diodes, 3 to 3 ft., hybrid. red, pinlc,carmine, etc., summer, Ord. Nieremberg'ia (Tall Cup-flower;Trailing Cup-flower)." First Solanacese. Hardy and half-hardycreepingperennial herbs.
introduced
1831.
CULTURE
OF
leaf-mould.
HAEDY
Position, sunny
Plant, Oct., March, dress
SPECIES
border or ledges of rockery. Topfreelyin dry weather.
moist
or
Water
April.
or
"
Soil, equal parts sandy loam
:
in March with decayed cow weather with covering of litter. OF CULTURE HALF-HARDY SPECIES
annually
Protect
manure.
in very
severe
: Compost, two parts sandy " one tion, Posimanure part well-decomposed cow part sand. well-drained pots or pans in shady part of greenhouse or cold in shady spot.May to Oct. frame all the year round, or outdoors Pot, Feb. March. Water wards. to Sept., moderately afteror freely, March in light sandy soil in temp. 55" to Propagate by seeds sown 65", Nov. to April; cuttings inserted in sandy soil under bell-glassin well rooted shady part of cool greenhouse in Aug., transferringwhen singlyinto 2-in. pots, " placingin light airy positionin greenhouse or
loam,
one
window. N. rivularis (Cup-flower), 6 in., S. America. HARDY SPECIES : white, summer, N. frutesHALF-HARDT SPECIES: oalycina, yellow, July, 6 in., S. America; 18 frutescens blue, summer, in., S. America; atroviolacea, Tiolet, 1 ft.;' cens, 6 in., S. America; and Yeitohii, lilao, summer, gracilis, white purple, summer. 6 to 9 in., S. America.
(Fennel-flower; Devil-in-a-bush; Love-in-a-mist; Love-in-
NiSelia. a-puzzle).
Ord. Flowers
EanunculaceaEi.
"
Hardy
surrounded
annuals. First involucre. mossy
introduced
by Foliage, green graceful, feathery. green, CULTURE beds or borders. Soil, ordinary. Position, sunny : open in seeds bands in March or sown lines, Jin. masses deep Propagate by or April; thin seedlingsout 6 in. apart each way. May or June. 1548.
CULTIVATED:
SPECIES
damascena 1
summer,
Bark.
Noble Noisette
"
Silver Rose
Nolana annuals. CULTURE rookeries.
1 to 2 ft., Asia blue, summer, Minor; alba, white ; N. hispanica, blue,
damascena
(Cereusgrandiflorus)."See Cereus. (Hesperistristis).See Hesperis. "
See Neillia. See Polypodium. Fir
See (Mammillaria bicolor)." See Abies. (Abies nobilis)."
:
introduced
plants are May
or
Ord.
Hardy
1761.
Soil, ordinary.
Propagate by in
Rosa. Convolvulaceae. "
"
First
Mammillaria.
See (Rosaindicauoisettiana).
(ChilianBell-flower).
April where apart
;
Cactus
"
Niphobolus. Cactus Nipple
3 in.
blue
Stock
Nig'ht-scerttecl
or
damasoena,
N.
fiore-pleno,double, to 2 ft., Spain.
Nisht-blooming Nine
a
seeds
Position, open sown
required to
1-16 in. grow,
sunny
beds, borders
or
deep in patches in March thinning seedlingsto 2 or
June.
CULTIVATED N. blue and ; atriplioifolia, white, summer, trailing; 6 in., Peru; lanoeolata, blue, white, and green, summer, paradoxa, white, 12 to 18 in., Peru; prostrata, blue, summer, summer, trailing.Chili; tenella,pale Peru. blue, trailing,summer, None-SO-Pretty (Saxifragaumbrosa)." See Saxifraga. Nootka Fir (Pseudotsuga Douglasii). See Pseudotsuga.
SPECIES
Peru;
"
Nootka Nootka
Sound Sound
Arbor-vitse
See Thuia. (Thuya plicata)." (Cupressus nootkateusis).
Cypress
"
Cupressua. 291
l2
See
EXOVCLOPJllDIA
Nordman's Norfolk
Fir
Island
GARDENING.
OF
See Abies. (Abies nordmanniana). See EhopaloPalm Bauerij. (Ehopalostyle "
"
style. Norfolk caria. Norfolk
Island
Pine-tree
Island
Tree-fern
See (Araucaria excelsa)."
Aiau-
(Alsophilaexcelsa). See "
Also-
pbila. North North North Actomeris. Northern Northern
Crab
American
American
Maple Spruce
NothOChlaena Filices. Ord.
"
Sunflower
Grape
Rock-cress Northoscordium."
Norway Norvt/ay
Isevis).See Eeliopsis. (Heliopsis
Ox-eye
American Fox
(Pyrus coronaria)."See Pyrus.
(Actomeris squarrosa)."See
(VitisLabrusca). See (Arabis petrsea). See "
"
Vitis. Arabis.
See Bloomena.
(Acer platanoides).See Acer. (Piceaexcelsa). See Picea. (Cloak Fern; Gold " Silver Maiden-hair "
"
Ferns).
" Stove First introduced 1778. greenhouse ferns. thrice underneath surface or Fronds, once divided, upper green, with white powder or scales. covered Ht. 3 to 18 in. C ULTUEE ; Compost, equal parts loam, leaf -mould, peat " sand, with little charcoal " sandstone broken small. Position, pots in shady Water Pot, Feb. or March. part of house. moderately, Oct. to Feb., freely other times. Syringing not required. Temp., stove 55" to 65" ; March to Sept. 65" to 75"^;greenspecies,Sept.to March house 45" to 50"; March to Sept. 55" to 65". species, Sept. to March surface of fine sandy peat in pans under on Propagate by spores sown bell-glassin temp. 75" to 85" any time ; division at potting time. N. flaTens (Syn. Ohrysophylla), Central SPECIES: America; nivca (Silier STOVE Maiden-hair and Pern; tricIiomanDidee, Fern), Mexico sinuata, Trop, America; "
and Jamaica Cuba. N. SPECIES: dealbata GREENHOUSE (Syn. Cinoinalis dealbata), N. Hookori (Syn. Cincinalis HoolEeri), N. America; lanuginosa, S. Earope tralia; Marantse, S. Europe, N. Africa, etc.; Newberryii, California.
America; Aiuand
Nuphar (Yellow Water-Lily; Brandy Bottle).^Drd. Nymphaceae. Hardy aquatic perennial herbs. CULTURE : Soil, two parts strong rich loam, one part well-decayed manure.
6
water,
shallow Position, sunny 12 in. Plant, March
or
lakes. or Depth of of planting: Methods place the plant in it "
ponds
streams,
to
Oct.
wicker basket with compost, shallow the surface, then lower into the water. on (2) Place some with canvas compost round the roots, then add a few stones " surround or matting " lower into the water. i in. Propagate by seeds sown deep in rich soil in a shallow basket immersed in water, Oct. to April; division of the _plantin March. N. adrena, yellow, July, N. America; SPECIES OULTITATED: luteum (Brandy Bottle Yellow or Water-Lily), yellow, June, N. Europe (Britain); minimum, yellow,
(1) Fill a
few
a
stones
July, Europe.
Nutmes-scented
Geranium
(Pelargonium fragrans)."
See Pelargonium. Nuttallia Ord. Rosacese. (Oso-berry-tree)." Hardy deciduous First introduced 1848. flowering shrub. Flowers, succeeded by purplish plum-like fruit.
CULTURE : Soil, ordinary. Position, shady or sunny shrubberies. Prune when Plant, Oct. to Feb. ing. necessary immediatelyafter flower-
Propagate by seeds
sown
Jin. deep in ordinary soil in shady 292
OABDBNINO.
OF
ENOTOLOP^DIA
to Sept. rately afterwards. Syringe daily,Feb. to Oct. Temp., March 70" to 75"; Sept. to March 60" to 65". Propagate by cuttingsof firm shoots, 2 to 3 in. long, inserted in sandy peat under bell-glassin temp. 65" to 75" summer. SPECIES CULTIVATED." O. atropurpurea, purple, spring, 1 ft., S. Africa: ff ft.,Trop. Africa. multiflora,yellow, eummer, Ocimum (SweetBasil; Bush Basil). Ord. Labiatae. Half-hardy annual aromatic 1548. First introduced herbs. Leaves, egg-shaped, aromatic; used for flavouringstews, soups " salads. CtTLTUEE : Soil,ordinary lightrich. Position, sunny, well-drained Shade border. in May. 9 to 12 in. asunder Plant, 6 in. apart in rows from first few days after planting. Water sun freelyin dry weather. Gather leaves and coming into flower, dry " reduce to tops when 1-16 in. deep in light powder for winter use. Propagate by seeds sown soil in shallow lings box in temp. 55" to 65" in March, transplantingseedsimilar inch " when three leaves are in formed soil, an apart "
graduallyharden
off in cold frame.
1 ft., Basil), white, summer, in., Trop. Asia. Yiolet-sceuted OdontOSlOSSUlYl (Almond-scented Orchid; terrestrial Ord. Greenhouse Orchidaceae. epiphytal " Orchid). Flower orchids. 1835. First introduced spikesproduced Evergreen. from base of pseudo-bulbs. CTJLTUEE two : Compost, portions parts fibrous peat, one part of equal probaskets of sphagnum moss and charcoal. Position, teak-wood or roof, blocks of wood, well-drained pots ; partial pans suspended from shade in summer, Pot, Feb., exposed to full light at other times. March or sherds April. Fill pots or pans two-thirds of their depth with pot" charcoal. Place on drainage, " fill remainder layer of moss with Secure of space plant on this by compost to 1 in. above rim. of fine copper wire, and top-dresswith layer of sphagnum moss, means and secure firmly with copper wire. Water dailyApril to Sept., twice a week Sept.to Nov. " Feb. to April; keep almost dry during remainder formly of year. Syringe lightly daily in summer. Keep atmosphere unimoist in summer by damping stages, floor, etc., several times moderately other times. Temp., daily. Ventilate freely in summer, Sept. to Feb. 45" to 55"; Feb. to May 50" to May to Sept. 55" to 65'^; 60". Growing period,Marcli to Nov. ; resting period,Dec. to Feb. Propagate by division of the pseudo-bulbs at potting time. CULTIVATED: O. apertum, white SPECIES and red, May, 1 ft.,Ueiioo; Oerand vantesii, white brown, spring, 6 in., Mexico ; oirrhosum, white and purple, oitrosmum, white, rose, and spring, 1 to 2 ft., Ecuador; yellow, fragrant. May, 6 to 8 in., Mexico; crispnm (Syn. Alexandra), white, rose, crimson, etc., spring, beautiful 13 to 18 in., Colombia, varieties; Edwardii, purple and yellow, many gloriosum, yellow and fragrant, spring, 2 to 3 ft., Ecuador; brown, fragrant, a ft., Colombia; 1 ft., Guatemala; grande, yellow and red, autumn, Hallii, yellow and and red, spring,2 to 3 ft., Peru Ecuador; harryannm, yellow, white, purple, 1 to 2 ft., Colombia; and brown, spring, loteo-purpurenm, yellow, white, and red, spring, 1 to 2 ft., Colombia; maoulatnm, yellow, brown, and white, spring, 1 to 2 ft., Mexico; nobile (Syn. Pesoatorei), white, purple, yellow and red, spring 1 to 2 ft., Colombia; and pulohellum, white yellow, fragrant, spring 1 ft.! and Guatemala; Ilossii,white brown, winter, 6 in., Mexico; triumphans yellow brown and white, spring, 1 to 2 ft., Colombia; Uroskinneri, yellow, brown and 1 to 2 ft., Guatemala. Numerous rose, spring, hybrids. OEnOthera (Evening Primrose; Sun-drops; Tiee Primrose)."
SPECIES
Trop. A^ia;
OULTITATED; minimum
O.
Baailionm
(Bush Basil), white,
(Sweet
summer,
6
"
Ord.
OnagracesB.
perennials. First CULTURE
OF
Hardy
annuals, biennials, herbaceous
introduced 1629. ANNUAL SPECIES 294
:
"
shrubby
Soil,ordinary. Position,sunny
MNQYOLOI'MDIA where
plantsare
to
GAEDENINO.
OF
flower,or in boxes
of lightsoil in April, transplanting seedlingsoutdoors in May. outdoors sown to 6 in. apart in June. POT CULTURE: Compost, two good soil,one in
parts
manure well-decayed
"
frame, greenhouse or or eight in each pot.
'
growth. Apply liquid
sand. window.
Position, well-drained Thin
seedlings when
temp. 55" to 65" Thin seedlings
part leaf-mould, 6 in. 1 in.
pots
in cold
high
to six
in full first,freelywhen moderately twice a week when plants show flower. SPECIES: Soil, ordinary. Position,
Water
at
manure
CULTURE OF BIENNIAL beds doors borders. Sow seeds 1-16 in. deep in shady positionoutor sunny in April,transplantingseedlingswhen 1 in. high, 3 in. aparteach lowing border, again transplantinginto floweringpositionfolway, in sunny March. or Sept. OULXURB OF PERENNIAL SPECIES: Soil, lightsandy loam.
Position, sunnj, well-drained
rookeries. or Plant, Oct., in Mulch weather. or April. annually with freely dry Lift three four and manure. or decayed cow replant every years. pagate shoots of after Prune flowering. Proshrubby species straggling away box in soil in seeds shallow sown light perennialspeciesby well-drained in cold under in March frame or or or hand-light pans April,transplantingoutdoors end of May or June ; cuttingsof young in sandy soil under shoots inserted hand-light in shade in spring or suckers with roots removed attached, spring or autumn; summer; division of roots, March or April. (E. amoena ANNUAL SPECIES: and rnbicanda, rose orimson, (Syn. Godetia 1 to 2 ft., Galifomia; rubicunda, lilao-parple; bistorta, yellow amcena summer, 1 and ft., Oalifornia; tenella, purple, June, 6 in,, Oalifornia; red, slimmer, 12 to 18 in., California, Whitneyi), red and orinjison,summer, Whitneyi (Syn. Godetia of York, known Godetia as Lady Albemarle, Duke parent of the annuals 1 ft., Mexico, Bridesmaid, etc. ; tetraptera, white, summer, (B. biennis BIENNIAL SPECIES: (Evening Primrose), yellow, fragrant, June to Oct., 1 to 3 ft,, N, America: to Oot,, N. America; Drummondii, yellow, June 6 in,, CMli, taraxacifolia,white, summer, 2 ft., PERENNIAL SPECIES : CB. califomioa, white and pink, fragrant, summer, and fornia; Oalifornia; marginata), white, fragrant, July, CalicEespitosa (Syn. eximia 3 to 3 ft., TT, States, and its fruticosa (Sun-drops), golden yellow, summer, 1 to 2 ft,, N. America; glauca, yellow, summer, varieties, major and Toungii; 12 to 18 in,, V. States; missouriensis, yellow and red, linearis,yellow, summer, 1 ft,, N. America; speoiosa, summer, rosea, rose, summer, trailing, N. America; 2 to 3 ft,,N. America. white, summer, OKra, (Hibiscusesculenteus). See Hibiscus. Old Man (Artemesia Abrotanum). See Artemesia. Old Cactus Man senilis).See Pilocereus. (Pilocereus Old Man's Beard vitalba). See Clematis, (Clematis Old Woman (Artemisiaargentea). See Artemisia. Olea (Olive; Oleaster). Ord. Oleaceae. Half-hardy evergreen First introduced 1570. floweringshrub. CULTURE: Position, sheltered sunny borders or Soil,sandy loam. S. of S. W. walls, or against England only. Plant, Sept., Oct, or when Protect in very severe Prune weather April. necessary, April. with litter or mats. POT CULTURE: Compost, two parts sandy loam, one part leafcool and sand. to Position, mould, greenhouse, Sept. May; outdoors, Water June to Sept. Temp., Sept.to May, 40" to 50". moderately in in to summer. Syringe daily,April winter, freely Sept. Propagate 1-16 in. deep in sandy peat in greenhouse in or by seeds sown spring in shade in autumn; cuttings inserted in sandy soil under bell-glass greenhouse in summer. 295 March
borders, beds,
Water
"
"
"
"
"
"
of
TjNGYOlop^bia O.
CULTIVATED: 10 ft., S. Europe.
SPECIES 6
to
gardening.
^
"
-nt
o
Oleander
",
Oleandra Fronds, " scandent. rhizomatous Stems 1837. introduced two CULTURE parts peat " : Compost,
Position, hanging baskets, layer of peaty soil secured by
;
division
CULTIVATED:
SPECIES
Olearia
_
^
Compositse. Hardy evergreen
sown
on
85 ,
any
Daisy Bush; floweringshrubs.
,.
Indies.
nodosa, w. Victorian Snow
Zealand
Syringe to Sept.,
pottingtime.
artionlata, Trop. Africa;
O.
(New
at
rhizomes
of creeping
March.
or
to Sept., moderately copiously March to Oct. March walls " daily, pillars plants 65". 55" to Propagate by spores 65" to 7b'';Sept. to March in temp. 75 to bell-glass surface of fine sandy peat under
",
covered
walls
afterwards. Temp., March
or
,,
ieat-mould
loam,
Plant, Feb.
netting.
Water
time
First
.
,
,
.
of
one
against pillarsand
or
wire
ferns.
green. strap-rshaped,
.
with
rammer,
oleander)."See Nerium. Fern (Oleandra articulata)."See Oleandra. (Oleander Fern)." Ord. Filices. Stove evergreen (Nermm
Oleander
sand.
fragrant,
(Wild OliTe). white,
enropsea
Bush)." Ord. First introduced 1793. borders Position, sunny
Soil, sandy loam. : CULTURE OUTDOOR rockeries for 0. Haastii, S. or W. walls for O. dentata, O. gunniana or Plant " O. Forateri. Sept. to Nov. or April. Protect those grown weather by coveringof mats or straw. againstwalls during very severe dead or unhealthy shoots in Pruning not required,except to remove of in N. culture outdoor England. for April. Not adapted CULTURE: Compost, two partssandy loam, one part leafPOT Position, well-drained pots or in beds mould or peat, one part sand. walls in cold or greenhousesor against with shoots trained up pillars to Water March to freely April. Pot or plant,Sept. conservatories. when in afterwards. summer, except Syringe freely Sept.,moderately positionoutdoors until they Place in bloom. pot plants in sunny flower. Plunge pots to rim in cinder ashes. Propagate by cuttings pots of shoots 2 to 3 in. long, inserted in well-drained of firm young frame or greenhouse in soil under bell-glassin cold shady
sandy summer.
"
,
,
_
.
"
.,
...
Daisy Bush), white, Aug., 0. Haastii {New Zealand 6 ft..New (Syn. dentata), white, summer, New Zealand; maoro-donta 4 to 6 ft 6 ft., white, summer, Snow gnnniana, Bnsh), Syn. Zealand ; stellulata (Victorian Zealand. 10 to 20 ft., New Australia; Traversii, white, summer, CULTIVATED:
SPECIES
(Olea europaea). See Olea. (Olea europsea). See Olea. Mullein (Verbascum olympicum). See Verbascum. Olympian Rock ing Forgetme-not ; Creep(Venus'sNavel-wort: Omphalodes " annual perennial Ord. Boraginacese. Hardy Forget-me-not)."
Oleaster Olive-tree
"
"
"
herbs.
First
introduced
1633.
SPECIES ANNUAL : Soil,ordinary. Position, parOF where Sow seeds in masses requiredto grow in borders. to flower in April to flower in June, June to flower in Sept.," Sept.
CULTURE linllyshaded
^^CULTUREOF
moist. SPECIES : Soil, ordinaryrich, PERENNIAL rookeries,or in or Position, partiallyshaded, well-drained borders Water March copiously or Nov., Oct., April. beds. Plant, rhododendron in manure annually with cow spring. M\ilch decayed in dry weather. semi-shaded in rich soil in in. light seeds sown deep i
Propagate
by
positionin
seedlingswhen transplanting April,
roots
in Marcli
or
April. 296
1 in.
high; division
of
ENOYOLOPJilDlA ANNUAL S.
SPECIES:
0.
OF
liuifolia
OAlWBNlNti.
(Veius'a Navel-wort), white,
June,
6
to
9
in.,
6
in.,
Europe.
PERENNIAL Asia Minor; alba, white.
SPECIES
O. Luciliaa : (Rook NaTOl-wort), blue, BUmmer, (Creeping Forget-me-not), blue, spring, 6 in., Europe;
verna
-verna
Oncidium
Stove " green(ButterflyOrchid)." Ord. Orchidacese. house orchids. base of Flowers at new epiphytal pseudo-bulb appear First introduced 1791. directlylatter is fullygrown. CULTUEE : Compost, two portions parts fibrous peat, one part of equal proof sphagnum and charcoal. or moss Position, pots, wood earthenware
Fill pots blocks. Pot, Feb. or March. or depth with potsherds.Place layer of moss rim. on of space with compost to lin. above Put plantson this, cover and secure roots with compost " layer of moss, then fill Baskets ; line interior with firmly with copper wire. moss, with compost and place plant on top, securing it firmly with copper wire. with Blocks : Place roots next wood, cover peat and sphagnum and secure moss, firmlywith copper wire. Water plantson blocks twice times ; those in pots " baskets once once a day other dailyin summer, a day April to Sept., twice a week Sept. to Nov. and Feb. to April, Moist mosphere atweek afterwards. a once Syringe lightlydailyin summer. essential. sunshine tilate VenShade from bright only. highly freelyin summer. Temp, for stove species,Nov. to April 60" to
baskets, rafts thirds of their pans this, then fill remainder
or
two
70"; April
to
70"
Nov.
65" to 75"; Oct.
to
restingperiod,Oct. potting time.
to
55"
May
Feb.
to
85";
for
greenhouse species.May
to
Oct.
to 65".
March to Sept. ; Growing period, Propagate by division of pseudo-bulbsat
SPECIES to May, 13 O. : ampliatum, yellow, red, and brown, March in.. Central jonesianum, America; white, brown, and red, Oct. to Feb., 1 ft., and to Oct., 8 to 10 in., kramerianum, red, brown, yellow, March Paraguay; 18 in., Guiana Ecuador summer, yellow, rose, purple, and brown, ; ; lanceanum, to Oot., 8 to 10 in., Papilio (ButterflyOrchid), red, crimson, and yellow, March ST07B 16
to
Indies.
W.
6 in., Brazil; O. ooncolor, yellow. May, crispum, red, Feb., 1 ft., Brazil; Forbesii, red, and yellow, autumn, and 1 ft., Mexico; white 2 to 3 ft., Brazil; inourvum, yellow, fragrant, autumn, purple, spring, 18 in., Trop. America; maoranthum, yellow, brown, white, and 1 ft., Brazil; ornithorynchum, marshallianum, rose, yellow and brown, summer, spring, 1 to phalfenopsis, white, purple and -violet, lUac, and yellow, 1 ft.,Mexico; 2 ft., Ecuador; Barcodes, yellow and bro-wn, spring, 1 ft., Brazil; sphacelatum, and brown yellow, spring, 2 ft., Mexico ; splendidum, yellow and brown, winter, I ft., Guatemala; superbiens, yellow, brown, and purple, spring, 1 ft., Colombia; and -violet scented, autumn winter, 1 ft., Mexico brown, ; tigrinum, yellow and winter, 1 ft., Brazil; varicosum Rogersii, superior varicosum, yellow and brown,
GREENHOUSE
brown,
and
variety. Onion."
SPECIES:
yellow,
See
June
Allium.
(Ornithogalum longibracteatum).
Onion-plant lum. Onoclea deciduous once
to
"
First
divided, green;
Ornithoga-
Ostrich Fern). Ord. Filices. Hardy introduced 1799. broad, Fronds, barren ones, fertile ones, divided, once contracted, narrow,
(SensitiveFern; fern.
See
"
brown.
CSULTURE OUTDOOR : Soil, two parts good cool moist border semi-shaded mould. Position,
loam, or
one
margin
part of
leaf-
ponds.
Plant, April.
parts fibrous loam, one part leafwell-drained in cold frame Position, shady pots mould, one part Water to March or copiously, April Sept. ; or April. greenhouse. Pot, Repot moderately Sept. to Nov. ; keep nearly dry Nov. to March. POT
CULTURE
:
Compost,
two
sand.
297
OASDENING.
OF
EN070LOPMDIA
gathered just before the cases burst " with of sandy peat " leaf-mould surface on pan in moist in shady position cold of glass, " kept moderately March or April. or greenhouse ; division of plants,
annually. Propagate by
spores of well-drained
sown
square frame
SPECIES CULTIVATED: Ostrich Fern, 2 to 3 ft., N. and N. America N. Asia.
O. (Syn. Struthiopteria gsrmanioa), the germanioa Temperate Zone; eensibilie (SensitiveFern), 2 to 3 ft.,
Leguminosse. Hardy
(Eest-harrow). Ord.
Ononis
"
herbaceous
1570.
First introduced deciduous shrubs. SPECIES: PERENNIAL OP Soil, ordinary. Position, rockeries. or banks Nov., March Plant, Oct., or April. borders, sunny Lift " March. with Mulch Cut down flower stems, Oct. manure, replantin fresh soil every four or five years. OP SHRUBBY SPECIES: CULTURE Soil, ordinary. Position, into shape,Jan. Feb. Prune to borders banks. Oct. or Plant, sunny 1-16 in. deep in ordinary soil in to Feb. Propagate by seeds sown or April; or in shallow boxes or semi-shady position.outdoors, March frame in March in cold or greenhouse ; perennialsby division of pans
perennials" CULTUEE
roots, Oct.
SPECIES
and white, (Rest-harrow), rose 1 (Ooat Root), yellow and red, summer,
arvensis
O.
:
(Britain); Natrix
in., Europe
6 S.
March.
to
PERENNIAL
enmmer, to 2 ft.,
Europe.
2 ft., Europe. Scotch Thistle). Ord. Compositae. Orn. foliage. Hardy biennial " nary CULTURE OP BIENNIAL SPECIES seeds i in. deep in ordi: Sow lings soil in sunny positionoutdoors, March or April. Transplant seedfollowingSept. to where required to flower. PERENNIAL tion, CULTURE OP SPECIES: Soil, ordinary rich. Posiin well-drained borders. Oct. or Plant, March, singly sunny seeds in. in soil of three. sown by ordinary i Propagate deep groups March or in positionoutdoors April, transplantingseedlings sunny
SHUUBBT
SPECIES
:
f ruticoaa, purple, summer,
O.
(Cotton Thistle; perennial herbs.
Onopordcn
"
flowering position Sept.
to
BIENNIAL
SPECIES:
S. Europe. PERENNIAL
O.
SPECIES:
Onosma,
Oct. or arabicum, 8
0. Aoanthinm
to
"
introduced
ft., S. Europe;
illyricum, 6 ft.,
(Sootoh Thistle), 5 ft., Europe
(Golden Drop). Ord.
herbs. First CULTUEE
10
Boraginacese. Hardy
(Britain).
perennial
1683.
Soil,two
parts sandy loam, rockery, where roots can
part gritor small stones. descend close to cool moist stones and shoots trail over edge. Plant, March or April. Place a few of soil around small stones surface on Water plant. occasionallyin Mulch with in March dry weather. cow manure annually decayed 1-16 in. deep in sandy loam or " gritin April. Propagate by seeds sown shallow pans in shady cold frame cool greenhouse in March, planting or in May ; cuttingsof shoots inserted in sandy soil in close shady outdoors under frame or hand-lightin July or Aug. :
Position, sunny
SPECIES
OULTIYATED:
O.
one
albo-roseum, white
and
rose,
summer,
6
in., Asia yellow,
6 in., Armenia; Minor; Bourgssi, yellow, summer, echioides (Golden Drop), May, 1 ft.,Europe; stellulatum, yellow and white. May, 6 in.,Europe. Ord. Filices. Stove " greenhouse OnychiuiTli evergreen Fronds, four times divided, lightand graceful, "
ferns.
green.
CULTURE:
Compost,two
parts peat
and
loam,
leaf-mould " sand rockeries in shade. Pot or plant,Feb. or March. Water rately copiouslyMarch to Sept., modeafterwards. Moist for stove atmosphereessential. Temp March to Sept.65" to 75", Sept.to March species, 55" to 65"; for greenin
equal parts. Position, well-drained pots,beds, or
298
ENOYGLOPMBIA house
species,March Propagate by spores pans
in
shade
"
to
OF
Sept. 55"
sown
temp.
on
70"
65"; Sept.
to
surface to 80"
GARDENING.
of fine
time;
any
to
40" to 50". well-drained
March
sandy peat in division
of
plants
at
pottingtime. STOVE
SPECIES:
GREENHOUSE
O.
auratum,
SPECIES:
O.
1 ft.,Malaya. japonioum, 1 ft., Japan
and
Himalayas.
OphiOglOSSUm Adder's (Adder's Tongue Fern; Spear)."Ord. Filices. Hardy deciduous ferns. Fronds, barren, egg-shaped, pale fertile,contracted, spike-like. green; OUTDOOR CJULTUBB: Soil, moist loamy. Position, in tufts of partiallyshaded rockery. Plant, April to Aug. Lift plants grass on " plant in same. Water growing wild with large sod attached freely in dry weather. POT CULTURE " leaf-mould in equal parts. : Compost, sandy loam Position, shallow well drained, in cold, shady frame. Plant, pans, to Sept.,keep just moist wards. afterApril to Aug. Wate" freely March on Propagate by spores gathered when ripe in July, " sown surface of pans of above soil,covered with a sheet of glass" placed in frame a cool, moist or greenhouse; division of plantsin April. SPECIES
CULTIVATED
:
0.
Tulgatum,
4 to
6
in., Britain, in moist
meadows.
Ord. Hsemodoraceae. Ophiopogon (Snake'sbeard). " herbs. perennial orn. foliage. First introduced Flowering " Leaves, long, narrow, variegatedwith yellow or creamy green "
Hardy 1784.
white.
OUTDOOR CULTURE Soil, sandy loam. : Position, edgings to or in borders. Plant, Oct. or March. Lift, divide " replant sunny groups five four or every years. CULTURE POT : part leafCompost, two parts sandy loam, one " one mould or Position, well-drained decayed manure part sand. greenhouses, conservatories, pots or in small beds in cold or heated ferneries or windows. Pot or plant, Feb. Adapted for sun or shade. to Oct. ; moderately afterwards. March. Water copiously March or twice weekly, April to Sept. Propagate by once or Apply stimulants division of plants in Feb. or March. O. intermedins CULTIVATED argenteo-marginatus, lilac, summer, : SPECIES with 1 ft., leaves white, Himalayas ; Jaburan margined Tariegatus, white, July, and white, Japan; 1 ft., leayes striped with japonious Tariegatus, white, green white,Japan. See also Liriope spicata. 1 ft., leayes striped with creamy summer, Ophrys (Bee Orchis; Fly Orchis; Spider Orchis). Ord. OrchiDeciduous. dacese. Hardy terrestrial orchids. "
CULTURE: Soil, sandy loam mixed with pieces of chalk rockeries. limestone. Position, broken Plant, Aug. to dry sunny or with stone, of Cover surface of soil between Nov. plants pieces chalk or limerefuse. with of cocoanut-fibre mulch or layer OUTDOOR
two : Compost, parts sandy loam, one part piecesof chalk. Position, small, well-drained limestone or pots or pans Pot, frame or greenhouse. Aug. to Nov., placing tubers sunny soil firmly. Place five tubers in 6 in. pot. 1 in. below surface " pressing cocoanut-fibre refuse or ashes during growing rims in Plunge pots to time from growth begins till foliagedies down, freely period. Water then keep nearly dry. Repot every two or three years. Propagate by roots in March or April. division of tuberous O. apifera (Bee Orchis), purple, orange, CULTIVATED: and SPECIES yellow, and yellow, April to June, 1 ft.,Europe (Britain); aranifera (Spider Orchis), brown (Ply Orchis), brown, blue, and April to June, 6 in., Europe (Britain); musoifera white, purple, and blue. yellow. May, 6 in., Europe (Britain); insectifera, green, tenthredinifera (Sawfly Orchis), green, brown, and and June, 8 in., Europe; May yellow, May and June, 1 ft.,Europe.
POT broken in cold
CULTURE
OF
ENCYCLOPAEDIA
GARDENING.
(Papaver somniferuni). See Papaver. house GreenPanioum;). Ord. Gramineas. (Variegated 1867. Orn. foliage. First introduced perennial,trailing grass. Flowers insignificant. Stems, small, wiry, trailing. Leaves, green, variegated with white and pink. CTJliTUEE: Compost, equal parts peat, loam, leaf-mould, " sand. Position, small pots with shoots draping front of staging,or in baskets Water Pot, March. suspended from roof ; sun or shade. freelyMarch to Oct., moderately afterwards. occasionallyin Apply stimulants 55" to 65". to Sept. 60" to 75" ; Sept. to March summer. Temp., March in light sandy soil shoots inserted Propagate by cuttings of young in small pots under or bell-glass hand-lightin temp. 65" to 75" at any Opium Poppy Oplismenus
"
"
time. SPECIES
OULTIYATED:
0.
Tariegatns {Sjn. Paniomn
Burmannii
variegatum),
trailing, Xropios.
(Indian Fig; Prickly Pear; Cochitieal Cactus; Barbary Greenhouse " hardy succulent plants. First Fig). introduced portant, 1596. Stems, fleshy,flat, bristly. Leaves, small, unimfugacious. CULTURE OF GREENHOUSE SPECIES : Compost, two parts sandy Opuntia "
loam,
Ord.
one
Cactaceae.
part powdered brick rubbish
" old mortar.
Position,
sunny
or Pot, March airy greenhouse or window. April in pots filled ^ of accommodate roots. pot Redepth with potsherds, " just large enough to moderately March to Sept.; every three or four years only. Water afterwards. once a fortnightSept. to Nov.; none Apply stimulants June to Sept. Ventilate to healthyplants, freelyin summer. Temp., to Sept.60" to 70"; Sept. to March March 50" to 55". CULTURE spersed OP HARDY SPECIES : Soil, sandy loam, freelyinterwith wellPosition, sunny, powdered brick or old mortar. drained of soil rookeries. surface or Plant, March April. Cover between plants with small piecesof stone. Sprinklesoot freely between plants occasionallyto keep away slugs. Apply weak liquid manure to healthy plants only. occasionallyduring summer Propagateby seeds sown in. in well-drained of or deep J sandy soil in temp. pots pans 75" in March. Keep soil moderately moist; cuttings of portionsof stems exposed for a few days, then inserted in small, well-drained of lime " brick dust in temp. 65" to 75" summer pots ; delicate species robust kinds in on by grafting April.
O. GREENHOUSE SPECIES: arboreeoens, purple, June, 5 ft., U. States; not BigeloTli, flowers known, 10 ft., California; brasiliensis,yellow, June, 10 to 15 ft., Brazil; cylindrioa, soarlet, summer, 4 to 6 ft., Peru; and its orested variety 10 to 15 ft., S. America; oristata; decumana, orange, summer, eohinocarpa, green, 18 in., TJ. States; Bmoryi, yellow and purple, Aug. and summer, Sept.. 18 in., floUB-indioa Mexico; (Indian Fig), yellow. May, 2 ft., Trop. America; fllipendula, purple.May and June, 2 ft.,Texas ; leuootriolia,yellow, June, Mexico ; monaoantha variegata, yariegated, 1 ft., 8. America; rosea, rose, tuna, reddish June, Mexico; July, 10 to 20 ft., 8. America; Whipplei, red, June, XJ. States. orange, HAKDT O. Eugelmanni, SPECIES: yellow, May and June, 6 in., S.U. States; mesaoantha (Syn. Tulgaris), the Prickly Pear, yellow, June, 2 ft., U. States; mescantha Bafflnesquii,yellow and red, June, 1 ft. ; missouricnsis yellow. May and June, 6 in., N. America, etc. Orach. See Atriplex. "
Orang'e
(Citrus aurantium). See Citrus. Tree Oranse-ball (Buddleia globosa)."See Buddleia. Orange Daisy (Erigerou aurantiacus). See Erigeron. Liiy (Lilium croceum). See Lilium Orangfe Orangre Monlcey-flower (Mimulus glutinosus)." See Mimu"
"
"
lus.
300
GARDENING.
OF
MNOYOLOPMBIA
1 ft., CULTIVATED: O. diotamnns (Dittany of Crete), pink, snmmcr, 2 ft., N. Africa; Marjoran (Sweet Marjoram), purple or white, flummer, Onites 1 ft., 8. Europe, (Fot Marjoram), white, summer, Onion of Bethlehem; Ornithoealum Plant)."Ord. Lilia(Star and bulbous ceae. Hardy plants. greenhouse OUTDOOR OTjLTUEE." Soil, rich ordinary,sandy. Position,sunny borders, rockeries or turf. Plant, Aug. to Nov., placing small bulbs 3 in., " large bulbs 4 to 6 in. below Mulch surface, " 2 to 3 in. apart. in March with stimulants annually decayed manure. Apply weak occasionallyin summer. INDOOR CULTURE : Compost, two parts sandy loam, one part equal SPECIES
Crete;
proportionsleaf-mould, peat
" sand. Position, pots in sunny house greenPot, Sept. to Feb., placing several small or one large
window.
or
in a 5 or 6 in. pot. Good drainage essential. Water moderately when growth begins, freelywhen in full growth, gradually withholding when foliageturns yellow, " keeping dry till new growth begins. Apply stimulants occasionallywhilst in full growth. Repot annually. bulb
March to Sept. 55" to 65" ; Sept. to March 40" to 50". CULTURE OP ONION PLANT two parts sandy loam, one : (Jompost, " well-decayedmanure " little sand. Position, sunny part leaf-mould window outdoors June to Sept. Pot, Feb. or March. or Good drainage Water " firm potting essential. to Feb. moderately May, freelyMay
Temp.,
Sept.,moderately Sept. to Nov., keep quite dry Nov. week a May to Sept. Propagate by repotted, Sept.to Feb.
to
stimulants once from old bulbs " GREENHOUSE
to Feb.
Apply
offsets removed
SPECIES:
O. 2 ft., S. arabioum, white, fragrant, summer, April, 1 ft.. Chili and Peru; longibracteatnm (Onion 2 ft., S. Africa; and ita variety variegatum. O. nutans, HAUDT SPECIES: white, spring, 1 ft., Europe (Britain); nutans, boucheanum, a superior form; pyrenaioum, yellow and June, 2 ft., S. green, umbellatum Europe; (Star of Bethlehem), white. May, 1 ft., Europe, and its varieties Leiohtlinii and splendens. OrobUS. See Vicia.
biflorum, white, Plant), white. May, 1 to Europe;
"
Orontium
(Golden Club).-Ord. "
First CULTURE:
introduced
Aroideae.
Hardy aquatic
nial. peren-
1775.
Soil, boggy. Position, margins of shallow ponds or Plant, Oct. to March, placing roots 6 to 12 in. below surface
rivulets. of water.
Propagateby
SPECIES
division of root stock in Oct. or March. O. aqnaticum, May, 6 in., N. America green, See Iris. (Irisfloreutina)."
OULTiyATED:
Orris-root
Osagfe
Orange
(Maclura aurantiaca)."See
Madura
Osier." See Salix. Wiiiovtr Osier (Salixviminalis)."See Salix. Osmanthus (Fragrant Olive; Holly-leaved
Olive)."Hardy
floweringshrubs. CULTURE againstS.
: or
W.
First
Soil, loamy. walls.
introduced
Position, sheltered
Plant, Sept.,Oct.
green ever-
1771.
or
April.
sunny Prune
borders, when
or
sary, neces-
April. POT
CULTURE: Compost, two parts sandy loam, one part leafsand. Position, cold sunny greenhouse, Sept. to June; outdoors, June to Sept. Pot, Sept. or Oct. Water April to Oct., moderately other times. Temp., Sept. to 40" to 50"
mould,
"
frefiy
May
by
seeds
sown
1-16
in.
deep
in
sandy peat
in cold
autumn; by cuttings of firm young shoots inserted liand-ligntoutdoors, or in frame in summer
SPKCISS
CULTIVATED;
O.
Aquifolium, white, Aug., 302
Propao-ate
frame in spring or in sandy soil under 4
ft., Japan-
and
its
'BNGYGLOPMDIA varieties
OF
iUioifolius (small-leaved),latifolius
(yanegated),
GARDENING. (broad-leayed),latifolius
and (purple-leaved), myrtifolius (myrlle-leaved);
pnrpureus
(83". Olea
Tariegatoa f ragrans
fragrans),white, fragrant, June to Aug., 6 to 10 ft., China and Japan. OsmMnda house (Eoyal Feru; Plowerin? Fern)." Ord. Pilicea. Greenand hardy evergreen " deciduous ferns. Fronds, feather-shaped,
plainor
crested ; fertile portionscontracted. OF GREENHOUSE SPECIES: Compost, equal parts turfy loam and peat, little sand. Position,pots or beds in moist shady part of greenhouse or fernery. Pot or plant,March or April. Water copiously April to Oct., moderately afterwards. Temp., 55" to 65" April to Sept.,45" to 55" Sept. to April. CULTURE OP HARDY SPECIES : Soil, one part each loam, leaf " sand, two mould Position, bases of sheltered moist parts peat. rockeries or margins of ponds in shade or partialshade. Plant, April. in April with compost of peat, leaf-mould Top-dressannuafly " loam. dead fronds in March. Remove Water plants growing otherwise than the margins of ponds copiouslyin dry weather. on Propagate by spores surface of sandy peat " leaf-mould in well-draiued on sown pans, with sheet of glass or hand-lightin shady part of cool covered house greenat any time ; offsets from established plants in April. GEEBNHOUSB SPECIES: O. bipinnata, 2 ft..Hong Kong; javanioum, 2 to 4 ft., CULTUKE
Java. HARDY
O. cinnamomea, SPECIES: Claytoniana, 2 to 3 ft., N. America 6 ft., Britain, etc., and its varietiee
2
to
4 ft., N. America, West Indies, etc.; Himalayas; regalia (Royal Fern), 3 to corymbifera, cristata, palustris, and pur-
and
purascens.
(Nuttalliacerasiformis).See Nuttallia. (Onocleagermanica). See Onoclca. Ord. Cupuliferae. Hardy deciduous Ostrya, (Hop Hornbeam). trees. 1622. Flowers, greenishwhite, hop-like; May. First introduced CULTURE Position, by the side of streams, : Soil, ordinary moist. in damp situations. pagate ProPlant, Oct. to Feb. lakes,or in shrubberies outdoors till seeds in then in a sown spring, placed heap by in inserted outdoors soil outdoors; cuttings autumn; by by sandy by grafting on the Hornbeam (Oarpinusbetulus) layeringin summer; Oso-berry-tree
"
Fern
Ostrich
"
"
in March. CULTIVATED:
SPECIES
virginica (Ironwood),
O.
20
ft., N.
Tea,-plant
Osweso Othonna,
carpinitolia (Hop
Hornbeam),
20
ft., S. Europe;
America.
(Monarda didyma). See Monarda. Ord. Compositae. Greenhouse "
(AfricanRag-wort).
"
trailingherbs.
First
introduced
Compost
CULTURE:
two
1752.
parts
afterwards.
" one part leaf-mould pots or baskets suspended rately freely April to Oct., mode-
sandy loam,
Position, small well-drained part sand. from roof. or Pot, March April. Water
one
Apply stimulants
to
healthy plants occasionally
essential. to light " sun Full exposure Propagate during soil in cool in frame inserted or of shoots greenhouse sandy by cuttings division of plants in April. in summer; orassifolia,yellow, summer, CULTIVATED trailing,S. Africa. : O. SPECIES summer.
Ord. Scrophulariaceae. Hardy Ourisia. First introduced 1862. Soil, moist loamy. Position, CrULTURE: "
perennialcreepingherbs.
shaded rockery, partially soft of stone. to close Plant, March a lump with its roots placed porous not be exposed to sunMust shine. freely in dry weather. or April. Water in March of roots division or April. Propagate by 6 in.. New Zealand; 0. oseepitosa,white, summer, OULTIVATBD: SPECIES 8 in. Fearoei,orimson, summer, 8 in., CUloe; scarlet, summer, coooinea
303
OF
ENCYCLOPJEDIA
(Silybum Marianum).
Thistle
Lady's
Our
See
"
Stove
Silybum.
Ord. Naiadaceae. introduced 1855.
PlantV foliage. First
Lace-leaf
(Lattice or
Ouvirandra.
GAUDENING.
"
aquatic perennials. Orn. Leaves, broad, oblong, lace-like. CULT [TEE: Compost equal parts
and leaf-mould. loam Position, of tub water 12 to 18 in. deep. Pot^ immersed in tank or pot March. sionally. occaChange water Temp, of water, 65" to 75". March 65" 75" March 55" to 65". to to to Sept. Temp., ; Sept. ^ in. deep in above Propagate by seed sown compost in small pot immersed heated in water to temp. 75", any time; division of roots,
in small Feb. or
Feb.
March.
to
CULTIVATED:
SPECIES
OxaliS "
O.
fenestralia, white, Aug., Madagaeoar.
house Green-
Sorrel; French Sorrel). Ord. Geraniacese. hardy annuals, herbaceous perennials,and bulbous
(Wood
"
rooted
plants. tion, Posiabove. OF GEEENHOUSE SPECIES ; Compost,as Pot autumnwell-drained pots in sunny greenhouse or window. kinds in Sept. or Oct., springfloweringkinds in Aug., winter-flowering or flowering kinds, Jan. or Feb., " summer-flowering kinds, March April. Put bulbs J in. deep and \ in. apart in 5 in. pots. After potting, Water place in warm moderately till part of greenhouse or window. leaves appear, then freely. Apply stimulants occasionallywhen flowers form. when water flowers fade, " keep quite dry Gradually withhold
CULTUEE
"
cool
till
growth begins. Eepot annually.
CULTUEE
SPECIES: Position, Soil, sandy loam. rockeries. Plant bulbous on species, Aug. ceous below surface, " 6 to 12 in. apart; herbaor April. Lift bulbs of choice speciesin Sept. or Oct. Store in sand in cool, frost-proofplace till March, then 1-16 in. deep in light sandy soil plantout. Propagate by seeds sown m temp. 55" to 65" in spring; division of roots or offsets at potting or plantingtime. O. GEEENHOUSE SPECIES: 6 in., Chili; yellow, antamn, cernni oarnosa, (Bermuda Butter-oup), yellow, epring, 6 in., S. Africa; cemua flore-pleuo,double; Deppei, red, March, 4 to 6 in., S. America; floribunda, rose, March, 1 ft.,Brazil; 3 in., S. Africa; hlrta, red, summer, 6 in., pentaphylla, lilao and yellow, summer, S. Africa; 6 in., rosea, rose, spring-,6 to 8 in.. Chili; tetraphylla, red, snmmer, Mexico; TariabiUs, red, white, or crimson, autumn, 3 in., S. Africa. The following bulbous'-rooted : cemua, are floribunda, Deppei, and tetraphylla. HARDT SPECIES: O. Acetosella (Wood Sorrel), white, spring, 2 to 3 in., Britain; corniculata rubra, yellow, summer, 6 in., leaves purple, Britain; elegans, 6 in.. Pern; purple, summer, enneaphylla, Isles; rose, white, June, i in., Falkland purpurata (Syn. doweana), purple, Oct., 3 in., S. Africa. See Bupthalmum Oxeye. and Adonis. OF
HAEDT
edgings to sunny borders or to Nov., placing bulbs 2 in. perennials in March
"
Ox-eye Oxeye
Chamomile
Daisy
See (Anthemis tinctoria)." (Chrysanthemum leucanthemum).
Oxiip See Primula. (Primula elatior)." Oxycocus (Common Cranberry; American Vacciniaceffl.
Hardy ever^freen trailing shrubs.
globular,deep red; Soil,peat
or
CULTUEE : streamlets-. "
to
Excavate
place 9 in.
percolateto
apart each
of
withm
ripe or
Anthemis. See Chrysanthemum.
Cranberry). Ord. ries, fruiting.Ber"
Edible
summer.
bog.
soil to
peat or bog Sin.
"
of
Position,open moist beds near ponds depth of 6 in. below surrounding surface,
soil " loose stones in, and allow water surface. Plant, Sept. or March, 2ft.
way.
30*
ENCYCLOPEDIA CTJLTUEE IN SMALL drained pots immersed
OF
PONDS in water
:
GARDENING.
Soil,peat or bo^.
Position, slightly
in. of rim. Pot, Sept. to Oct. or in summer. Propagate Syringe sprinklefoliageevery evening by cuttings of shoots inserted in sandy moist peat under hand-lightin shade in summer; division of plants in layering shoots in autumn; March. or Sept. SPECIES
witMn
to
2
CULTIVATED:
O. maorooarpus (American Cranberry), pink, spring, palustris (Common Cranberry), pink. May, creeping, Britain. Ord. Asclepiadeae. Stove and warm Oxypetalum. greenhouse climbers. First introduced 1823. evergreen CULTTJEE tion, Posi: Compost, equal parts fibrous peat, loam, " sand. well-drained or pots; shoots trained up roof. Pot, March April. Water " winter. ing freelyin summer, moderately autumn Syringe morn" evening in spring time. Prune into shape Feb. Eepot, March. to Sept.65" to 75"; Sept. to March 55" to 65". Temp., March gate Propain sandy peat, in a temp, of 75" in spring,or by by seeds sown bottom heat in spring. cuttings placed in sand under a bell-glassover CULTITATED: O. SPECIES C"ernleum (Syn. Tweedia oserulea), blue, summer, and fragrant, 3 ft., Argentina; solanoides, blue, rose, orange purple, fragrant,
creeping:,N. America;
"
summer,
6
ft., Brazil,
Oxytropis herbs. CTJLTGEE rockeries.
(Oxytrope). "
Ord.
Leguminosse.
perennial
Hardy
or Position, open sunny : Soil,dry, gravelly, sandy loam. healthy. unor Plant, March April. Lift " replant only when ^ in. deep in April or May where Propagate by seeds sown
requiredto
division
grow;
of roots
in March.
O. oyanea, 6 in., Oaueasus CULTITATED : purple and blue, summer, ; 1 ft., N. America; pyrenaica, purple Lambertii, wbite, blue and purple, summer, and 4 in., Europe. 6 in., Pyrenees; uralensis, purple, summer, lilac,summer,
SPECIES
Ozothamnus. Nat. shrub.
"
Australia.
Ord. Compositae. First introduced
Hardy
flowering
evergreen
1827.
sheltered borders Soil, ordinary. Position, sunny or W. walls, S. or W. of England only. Plant, Sept.,Oct. in April. Propagate by cuttings of Prune when necessary in sandy soil under firm young inserted shoots hand-light in shady positionin summer. CULTIVATED: O. rosmarinifolius, white, July and SPECIES Aug., 6 to 10 ft., leaves fragrant, Australia. orchids. terrestrial Ord. Orchidacese. Stove PachystoiYia.. CULTURE:
against S. or April.
or
"
First introduced 1866. CULTUEB : Compost, good fibry peat. Position, pots or hanging time mences Water new baskets, well drained. growth comfreely from to until leaves fall off, very little other times. Temp., March 60" to 70". Propagate by division Sept. 65" to 85"; Sept.to March of
plant
at
SPECIES Africa.
Pseonia. herbaceous CULTUEE
potting
time.
CULTIVATED:
"
P.
thomsonianum,
wbite
and
purple,
(Paeony; Peony; Piony).-^Ord. Eanunoulacese. 1548. shrubby perennials. First introduced OP
TEEE
OUTDOOES
P.5;0NIES
:
Soil, two
6
in., Trop.
Hardy parts loam,
Position, sheltered nooks " sunny one manure. part decomposed cow shrubberies or borders. Plant, Sept.,Oct. or March., in beds of above Bury point of union compost, 18 in. deep and 2 ft. wide, well drained. Mulch in spring with surface. between scion 3 in. below stock and in weather with covering Protect severe thick layer of cow manure. after flower three years of litter. Plants planting. 305
CULTURE
IN
POTS:
Compost,
manure
and
sand.
Pot, Oct.
cow
then
March, June
to
Apply weak
two or
parts loam, Place
Nor.
Stand
in sunny
one
in
part decayed cold
frame
Water manure
till
positionoutdoors,
greenhouse. to Sept., moderately in freely March March water to Sept. Plants occasionally, only. Temp, for forcing, 55" to 65". to
remove
Oct.
GARDENING.
OF
TSNOrOLOPMBIA
winter. flower
in three years OP HERBACEOUS well CULTUEE SPECIES: Soil, moist loam with cow " trenched enriched 3 ft. deep. Position, sunny manure or Plant, Oct. to April,4 ft. apart each way. shady borders. Top-dress annually with well-decayed manure lightlyforked into surface in Oct. Mulch Not. or on dry soils in April. Apply liquid or artificial manures once
Shade occasionally, April to Aug. Water copiouslyin dry weather. herbaceous blooms sun. required for exhibition from Propagate iin. deep in boxes, pots or pans of sandy soil speciesby seeds sown in cold frame in Sept.; also by division of roots in March or April. Tree the roots of " P. P. albiflora officinalis in on by species grafting fleshy in of March Oct. division or or roots, Sept. layering ; Aug. April. ; P. SPECIES CULTIVATED; and albiflora, white pink, May, 3 ft., Siberia; Corallina, crimBon, May, 3 ft., Europe (Britain); Moutan (Tree Pfleony),rose, May 3 ft., China; Horbaceons ofiioinalis (Common May, 2 to 3 ft., Pffiony), crimBon, 2 tenuifolia, crimson, May, ft., Europe; wittmanniana, Europe; yellow, May. 2
ft.. Orient.
Many
garden
varieties.
See Paeonia. (Pseoniaofficinalis). Poppy (Papaver somniferum). See Papaver. Painted See Oastilleja. Cup. First introduced Palaua,. Ord. Malvaceae. Half-hardy annuals. 1830. Formerly called Palava.
Pseony
"
Pseony
"
"
"
rockeries. borders CULTUEE: Position, sunny or Soil, ordinary. of light sandy soil in temp. seeds 1-16 in. deep in pots or boxes to 65" in March or April. Transplant seedlingsoutdoors in May
Sow 55" or
June. 6 to 9 in., Peru. P. disseota, manve, summer, Ehamnaceae. deciduous Hardy floweringshrubs. 1596. Branches, spiny. Fruit, ornamental. walls. Plant, or : Soil, ordinary. Position, shrubberies in. in soil doors, outseeds sown \ Propagate by deep ordinary
CULTIVATED:
SPECIES
Paliurus. First introduced CULTUEE to Feb.
Oct.
"
Ord.
Oct. to Nov. ; cuttings of roots planted 3 in. deep " 6 in. apart, with Oct. to Feb. ; layering shoots, Sept. to Nov. ; removing suckers to Dec. roots attached, Sept. P. australis, green and CULTIVATED." SPECIES yellow, June, 4 to 6 ft., S. Europe.
Palma-Christi
Lily
Palm
Pampas
(Eicinus communis). See Eiciuus. (Cordylineindivisa).See Cordyline. Grass argentea)."-See Cortaderia. (Cortaderia "
"
Ord. Araliaceae. Stove Panax. shrubs. Orn. foliage. evergreen 1740. First introduced Leaves, coarsely " finelydivided, green " Pretty plants for table decoration. variegatedwith white. "
"
OULTUEE: loam, peaty leaf -mould, charcoal Compost, equaljparts Water sand. Pot, Feb. to March. to Oct., moderately freelyMarch
afterwards. Temp., 70". Propagate by roots in lightsoil in CULTIVATED:
SPECIES
white, 6
4
to
6
March to Sept. 70" to 80"; Sept. to March 60" to grafting in heat in spring; insertingportionsof temp. 80" in April. P.
ft.,Trop. Asia;
frutioosum frutioosum
Guilfoylel,leaves Viotoriee, leaves
green and green
and
oreamy
white, 4 to
ft.
Pancratium
(Mediterranean Lily; Sea Daffodil)." Ord. Amaryl306
MNGYCLOPMBIA
GARDHNINO.
OF
lidacese. Stove " hardy, evergreen introduced 1596. CULTURE OF STOVE SPECIES
" deciduous :
Compost,
bulbous two
plants.
First
parts sandy loam,
Position, wella part decayed part silver sand. drained in of sary March. stove. pots Repotting necesPot, part sunny three to four Water or every abundantly,April Sept.; years only. moderately, Sept. to Dec.; keep quite dry, Dec. to March. Apply to to Sept. Temp., 70" to 80" March once a week. May liquidmanure 55" 65" to to March. Sept., Sept CULTURE OF HARDY SPECIES : Soil,three parts sandy loam, one Plant borders. Position, warm part leaf-mould. exposed well-drained bulbs 3 to 4 in. deep, Oct., Nov., or in winter Protect March. by Mulch cocoanut-fibre refuse or cinder ashes. layer of decayed manure, after growth commences with manure. Apply weak decayed cow stimulants Lift, divide " transplant occasionallyduring summer. Propagate greenhouse " stove speciesby offsets every three years. in March; removed from old bulbs planting. rehardy kinds similarlywhen one
STOTE Isles. HARDT
SPECIES:
P.
SPECIES;
(Mediterranean Lily
half
"
manure
canariense, vfhite, Oct. and
Nov.,
18
in., fragrant, Canary
1 ft., S. Europe; P. illyricum, -vrliite, summer, Sea Daffodil),white, June, 18 in., Mediterranean
maritimum
Eegion. Pandanacese. Stove evergreen shrubs. Orn. foliage. First introduced 1771. Leaves, narrow, like, strapwith white. serrated, green or variegated CULTURE : Compost, two parts sandy loam, one part equal proportions leaf-mould, charcoal " sand. Pot, Jan. to April. Position, sunny moist part of stove. Water moderately Oct. to Feb., freelyafterwards. to Sept. Temp., March to Sept. 65" to Syringe twice daily, March 55" to 65". 85"; Sept. to March Propagate by offsets,Feb. to April. 4 to 6 ft.. New SPECIES CULTIVATED P. Baptistii, leaTes yellow and green, : 20 ft., Trop. Africa; Caledonia; candelabrum, leaTes green, javanious Tariegatus, leaves green and white, 2 to 3 ft. ; Sanderi, leaves green, white, and yellow, 3 ft. ; Teitchii, leaves green and white, 3 ft.,Polynesia. Panicum (Panick Grass). Ord. Gramineae. Hardy and half" hardy annual Inflorescence, light,feathery, perennial grasses.
Pandanus
or
(Screw
Pine]).Ord. "
"
graceful. Leaves, green. CULTURE ANNUALS: OP HARDY Soil, ordinary. Position, borders. Sow seeds in. in J patclies where required to deep sunny flower in March when Thin in. 1 to 2 in. apart. or seedlings April. high Gather inflorescence in July or Aug. " dry for winter use. CULTURE PERENNIALS OF HARDY tion, : Soil, good ordinary. Posiborders. Oct. divide " Plant, or Lift, April. sunny replant Propagate stove speciesby division; hardy every two or three years. outdoors in April or May, " by division of roots kinds of seeds sown in Oct. or March. ANNUAL SPECIES: P. oapillare, 2 ft.,W. Hemisphere. PEEENNIAL SPECIES P. altiasimum, 3 to S ft.. Central America : ; bulbosnm, fi ft.,Mexico; virgatum, 3 to 4 ft.,N. America. See also the genus Opliamenus. Pansy (Viola tricolor). ^See Viola. See Primula. Pantaloons Polyanthus. Panther Lily (Liliumpardaliuum). See Lilium. "
"
"
Papaver
(Poppy). "
Ord.
Papaveracese. Hardy
annual
"
peren
nial herbs. CULTURE Bvnny
beds
or
ANNUAL OF borders.
Sow
SPECIES seeds
:
Soil,good ordinary. Position,
1-16 in.
307
deep
in
patches
where
re-
guiredto
GARDENING.
OF
ENCYOLOP^DIA
April for floweringin summer; seedlingsto 1 or 2 in. apart when
Sept. for flowering
in
grow; Thin
j
in. high. tion, PosiSPECIES PERENNIAL : Soil,deep sandjrloam. rockeries orientalis for dwarf borders tall P. for as species ; sunny Plant, Oct., March or April. speciesas P. alpinum " P. nudicaule. with March P. nudicaule best in manure or decayed April. Top-dress from raised seeds annually. Propagate annual speciesby seeds as in sunny above; perennial species by seeds sown place outdoors in March or or April ; division of roots in March April. P. arenarium, orimson 9 in.,Gaucasas; ANNUAL SFEOIES. and blaok, suiniuer, 18 in., Syria; Irovigatum, scarlet, black glaucum (Tulip Poppy), crim"on, summer, 2 ft., Greece; pavoninium and white, summer, (Feaoook Poppy), scarlet and black, 18 in., Afghanistan; Bhseas (Corn or Shirley Poppy), various colours, 18 in., 3 ft., China. Britain; somniferum (Opium Poppy), various colours, summer, PERENNIAL SPECIES nudicaule and white, (Iceland Poppy), yellow, orange : P. 1 ft., Arctic Uegions; alpinum (Alpine Poppy), yellow, orange, summer, salmon, and 6 in.,Europe; orientale white, summer, (Oriental Poppy), orange-scarlet, June, 3 ft., Asia 2 ft., Greece; Minor; pilosum, orange, rupifragnm (Spanish summer, 3 ft., Spain; Poppy), terracotta, summer, 2 ft., rupiorens, cerise-scarlet,summer, best hybrid. Alpinum and nudicaule biennials. as grown in
spring.
CULTUEE
OP
"
Paper Paper
Birch
(Betula papyrifera)."See Betula. (IBroussonettia papyrifera). See
Mulberry
"
Brousso-
nettia.
Pappoose-root
See Caulophyl(Caulophyllumthalictrioides). "
lum.
Paradisea
(St. Bruno's
Lily). "
Liliaceae.
Ord.
Hardy
ceous herba-
perennials. CULTURE:
Soil, ordinary well enriched Position, partially shady
leaf -mould with and decayed borders. Plant, Oct. or Oct. or March; seeds sown
manure.
March. Increased by division of roots in in cold frame or greenhouse in spring. SPECIES CULTIVATED: P. Liliastrum, white, fragrant. May and June, 1 to 2 ft., Alps; Liliastrum major, 4 to 5 ft., larger flowers than the parent. Formerly known
as
Anthericum
Paradise
Liliastrum.
Apple
Parag^uay Parasol Parchment
(Pyrus
malus
prsecox). "
See
Pyrus.
Tea
-See Ilex. (Ilexparaguayensis)." Fig-tree (Sciadopitysverticillata).See Sciadopitys. Bark See Pittospo(Pittosporinmcrassifolium)." "
rium. Pardanthus." See Belamacanda. Paris (Herb Paris). Ord. Liliaceae. Hardy perennial herbs. CULTUEE: Soil, sandy loam. Position, shady borders, woods, or shrubberies. Plant, Oct. to March. in Propagate by seeds sown moist position outdoors in autumn of roots, Oct. or March. ; division SPECIES CULTIVATED : P. (juadrifolia(Herb Paris),green and yellow, summer, "
6
in., Britain.
Paris
Daisy
(Chrysanthemum frutesceus).See Clirysanthemum. Chequered Meadow-Saffron (Colchi"
Parkinson's
Parkinsoni). See Colchicum.. Ivy (Mikania soandens)." See Mikania. Palm (Aspidistralurida)."See Aspidistra. Ord. (Grass of Parnassus)." Saxifragacea;. Hardy perennialherbs. CULTUEE: Soil, peaty or boggy. Position, moist shady borders, cum
"
Parlour Parlour Parnassia
boga
or
margins
of
streams seeds
April. Propagate by outdoors
m
autumn
or
or sown
ponds. in moist
spring; division 308
Plant, Oct., Nov., March or boggy peat in shady position
of roots
in March
or
April.
ENCYCLOPEDIA
OF
GABDENING.
SPECIES: GREENHOUSE Compost, as for stove trained " shoots beds in pots, tubs or species. Position, grown up for stove advised rafters. as species. Temp., Prune, pot, " water 45" to 50". March to Oct. 5b" to 65"; Oct. to March with a SPECIES CULTURE OF HARDY : Soil, good ordinary,mixed south-west walls. little decayed manure. Position, south or Plant, Oct. or March. Prune in Feb., shortening small shoots to 3 " 6 in.,and Water to 2 " 3 ft. strong ones freelyin dry weather. Apply liquid month in summer. to healthy plants once manure a Propagate stove J in. deep in pots of sandy soil in temp. 65" to speciesby seeds sown 75" at any time ; by cuttings of young shoots 4 to 6 in. long inserted in under in soil 65", temp. bell-glass April to Sept. Hardy species, sandy inserted cold frame similar in in summer by ; layeringyoung cuttings shoots in summer. P. and STOVE SPECIES 15 to 30 ft., alata, orimson, white : purple, summer, and 20 ft., Brazil; edulis (Granadilla), white purple, summer, Peru; quadrangii20 ft., Trop. America; larie, red, violet, and white, fragrant, Bummer, Tacemosa, 20 ft., Brazil. Boarlet, summer, GREENHOUSE SPECIES: P. 15 to 20 ft., Trop. inoarnata, flesh, summer, CULTURE
OP
America. HABDT SPECIES: P. 20 to 25 ft., oserulea, white, blue and purple, summer, Elliot. Brazil, and its white variety. Lady Constance Passion-flower. See Passiflora and Tacsonia. Paternoster Pea (Abrus precatorius).See Abrus. Paullinia. Ord. Sapindacese. Stove evergreen twining plants. First cultivated 1816. Leaves, finelydivided, green, downy. "
"
"
CULTURE
Compost,
sand. shoots trained wire trellis or Prune Water slightlyin Jan. " Feb. moderately Oct. to Feb., freelyafterwards. Syringe twice daily,March to Sept. Propagate by cuttingsof firm shoots, 2 to 3 in. long, inserted in small pots of sandy soil under bell-glass in temp. 75" to 85" any time. SPECIES CULTIVATED: P. Cupania, white, June, 15 to 20 ft., Venezuela; thaliotrifolia, pink, Sept., 10 to 15 ft., S. America. Paulownia. Ord. tree. Scrophulariaceae. Hardy deciduous Orn. foliage" flowering. First introduced 1840. Leaves, large,soft :
parts loam,
two
two
parts leaf-mould
Position, well-drained pots with Pof, March. up rafters of roof.
"
round
"
"
downy. CULTURE lawns.
Soil,sandy loam.
Position, sunny sheltered shrubberies to Oct. Feb. Prune Plant, shoots annually in Feb. to within two or three inches of their base if only foliageis desired ; leave unpruned for flowering. Propagate by seeds sown Jin. deep in sandy loam in cold frame in sprin^r or autumn; by cuttings of firm ycung shoots inserted in sandy soil in frame in summer. or
SPECIES
Pavetta shrubs.
:
CULTIVATED:
P.
imperialis,violet, June,
15
to 20
ft., Japan.
Ord. Rubiaceae. (Wild Jasmine). Stove evergreen foliage. Leaves, oblong lance-shaped,dark olive-green, "
Orn. with white, salmon-red spotted mid-ribs. CULTURE : Compost, two parts good fibrous peat, one part fibrous loam " silver sand. Position,shady part of stove whilst growing,light situation when at rest. Pot. Feb. or March; good drainage indispensable. Prune into shape in Feb. Water freelyfrom Marck to Sept,; moderately afterwards. Syringe twice March to
liquidmanure
once
or
twice
a
week
to
March
daily, healthy plants in
Aug.
Apply
Temp., Propagate by
flower.
to Sept. 75" to 85"; Sept. to March 55" to 65". cuttings of firm young shoots 2 to 3 in. long,inserted singly in small pots m sandy peat under bell-glass ip temp. 75" to 85". March to JIay. 310
MNOTOLOP^BIA SPECIES
OF
OAMDBNINO.
CULTIVATED
Pavia." Pavoniai
See "
P. borbonioa, 3 to : iEsoulus. Ord. Malvaceae. Stove
tt.,Bourbon.
4
plants. ^
evergreen ^
1778. CTJLTXJEE : Compost, two parts loam, March. Position,pots in shade. Water
one
part peat
"
First
duced intro-
sand.
Pot,
rately to Sept., modefreelyMarch to Sept. Syringe daily in summer. Temp., March March 55" to 65". Propagate by cuttings inserted
afterwards. 65" to 75"; Sept. to in fine sand under in temp. 75" at any bell-glass SPECIES CULTIVATED: P. coooinea, fioarlet, eummer, 1 to 2 ft., Brazil. flora,purple, autumn, Pea (Pisum sativum). See Pisum. See Lathyrus. Pea, Sweet."
time. 1 to 2
ft.,Brazil:
multi-
"
Peach
(Prunus persiea). See "
Peach-leaved
Prunus.
Bell-flower
See (Campanula persicifolia)."
Campanula. Peach
Trumpet-flower
See (Solaudragrandiflora)."
Solan-
dra.
Peacock Anemone (Anemone Pavonia). See Peacock-flower (Csesalpinia pulcherrima). See Peacock Iris (IrisPavoma)." See Iris. Peacock Treasure-flower (Gazania Gazania. Pear (Pyrus communis). See Pyrus. "
"
Anemone.
Ceesalpinia. Pavonia)."See
"
Pearl-berry
(Margyricarpus setosus).See Margyricarpus. "
Pearl-bush (Bxochordagrandiflora).See Exochorda. Pearl Cud-vweed (Anaphalismargaritacea). See Anaphalis. "
"
Pearl-grass
(Briza maxima). See Briza. Pearl-wort (Sagina glabra)."See Sagina. Pearly Everlasting^ (Anaphalis margaritacea). "
"
Pedilanthus
(SlipperSpurge; Jew-bush).^Ord. Euphorbiaceae.
Stove succulent shrub. First introduced 1874. CULTURE : Compost, two loam, sandy parts half a part decayed cow " silver sand. manure
Position,dry sunny March to Sept. 60 March;
once
Propagate by
phalis. Ana-
See
a
week
part
of stove.
cuttingsof
shoots, 2
Pot, March
Temp., Sept
80". Water afterwards. No
to
once
part brick rubbish, or April.
one
in three
March 60" to 70"; from weeks Sept. to stimulants required.
to
syringingor long, exposed to
to 3 in.
sun
for
one
inserted days, singly in sand in 2 in. pots, " placed on a the glass,any time during summer. shelf near SPECIES CULTIVATED: P. tithymaloides, stems fleshy, 6 ft., S. America. Peerless Daffodil See Narcissus. (Narcissusiucomparabilis).' baceous, " Ord. Geraniaceae. Greenhouse Pelarg^onium. hardy her" tuberous-rooted perennials. Flowering shrubby, evergreen, " orn. P. grandiflorum "Geraniums." as foliage. Popularly known first introduced 1794; P. peltatum, 1701; P. zonale, 1710. CLASSIFICATION TYPES: OP roundish, cor(1) Zonal." Leaves horse-shoe mark near date, lobed, pubescent, green, with or without Sub-classes : Bicolor. Leaves edged margin of upper surface. green, with Tricolor. Leaves, green, white; or white, edged with green. Bronze. Yellow with bronze white, yellow, " crimson. zone. (2) Show : Leaves, palmately lobed, toothed margins, wrinkled, green ; wrinkled smooth flowers large, with or edges. Sub-class : Eegal. simflar Leaves to show kinds; flowers Flowers semi-double. (3)Fancy: or
two
then
"
"
"
"
"
"
311
"
OF
ENCYOLOPMDIA
smaller, spotted
OARDENINO.
(4)Ivy-leaved: Leaves ivy-shaped,fleshy, trailing or climbing. (5) variegated; stems
blotched.
or
five-angled,green
or
; scented. SPECIES: Soil, sandy HERBACEOUS Plant, March well-drained loam. rockery or border. Position, sunny or April. Protect in winter with covering of cocoanut-fibre refuse.
Scented-leaved OULTUEE
variously shaped
Leaves
;
OP
HARDY
ing: FlowerSummer in. 2 in Insert pots. or Sept. singly cuttings in Aug. to 4 in. size. transfer then Place in temp. 45" till March, also of side Peb. March, in or shoot Nip off point of main roots when to 6 in. pots shoots when 2 in. long. Transfer reach Pot side of 5 in. sizes. firmly. Compost for first potting, half a two pai'tsyellow fibrous loam, half a part well-decayedmanure, CULTURE
part leaf-mould, or
potting, of
of
a
coarse
" sand bone-meal
Por
phate, tablespooufulof superphos-
to each bushel; for final " leaf-mould, quarter part loam, manure charcoal, tablespooufulof superphosphate or
pint
of
proportionof
same
each
part
one
quarter
a.
PELARGONIUMS:
ZONAL
OP
sand
coarse
"
flower buds until fortnight bushel. Remove ten first final potting. Water days after potting; moderately month after final stimulants afterwards. potting. Shade Apply freely 40" to 50"; March March in to from when bloom. sun Temp., Aug. window afterwards. cool 55" to 60"; ordinary to May greenhouse or ing soil " shorten shoots After flowering, keep just moist, repottingfollowWinter Flowering: Insert large plants. Por spring to make in temp. 55" to 65". cuttings singly in 2 in. pots in Peb. or March Transfer when well rooted into 4 in. " again into 6 in. in June. Nip off Pinch point of main shoot in April," of side shoots in May or June. cold frame, or off flower buds appearing before Sept. Stand in sunny plunge to rim of pots in cinder ashes in open position,June to Sept. Remove into greenhouse in Sept. Water freely outdoors, moderately week twice a indoors. a week, June to Sept., once Apply stimulants 50" 55". to to March afterwards. above. as Temp., Sept. Compost,
pint of bone-meal
to each
after
ing, After flowerDry atmosphere essential to prevent damping of blooms. shorten shoots, keep moderately moist, " repot. Zonals, Bicolors. for Bedding: Insert " Tricolors cuttings in Aug. or Sept., several in boxes. 5 in. pots, or 2 in. apart in shallow Keep thus until Peb., then in to in. 3 transfer temp. 55" until April, then pots, place singly outdoors in June. Lift plantsin Sept., and cold to remove frame, plant in 3 in. pots; zonals and bronzes singly placing bicolors, tricolors, three in in. in 4 5 similar a or pots, singly pot, or a few inches apart in 40" " in shallow to 45", in greenhouse, room boxes, storing temp., Zonals; Insert in cellar. Specimen or cuttings Aug. or Sept.,growing then transfer in 2 in. pots until March, to 4 in. sizes. Compost as :
when
3 in.
off
long.
points of
main
shoot in March, also of side shoots these firmlyto wire fixed to rim of pot, " allow in centre. Remove all blooms fer Transshoots to form first year. young June. Grow in greenhouse near or to 6 in. pot in May glass. Water moderately in winter. Apply stimulants, freelyduring summer, shoots two thirds in Jan. shoots When June to Sept. Shorten new form repot. Nip off points of shoots where necessary to ensure good Stimulants for Zonals : liquid horse, cow, shape. Compost as above. water, " applied twice a sheep or deer dung, diluted with two-thirds in winter ; nitrate of soda, \ oz. to a in summer, week once a week soil is moist a week, when only, for gallon of water, applied once
Nip
above
Tie
312
ENOYCLOPJiVIA three of
four
or
weeks,
soda; soot-water
soot
to
36
then
OF
cease
;
sulphate
(one peck
gall,of water),
GARDENING.
each diluted
of
of
sheep
with
ammonia,
same
as
nitrate
dung, " i peck water, applied twice
"
oow
half
of a
week.
CULTURE
OF
SHOW
AND
FANCY
Insert
PELARGONIUMS:
cuttings of firm shoots, 2 to 3 in. long, in July or Aug. singly in 2 in. pots in cold frame or greenhouse. Sandy soil. When rooted, transfer to 4 in. pots, and place on a shelf close to in glass temp. 45" to 50. Nip off point of main shoot just before potting. When new' shoots are 3 in. long nip off points. Transfer to 5 in. pots in Jan. Keep near glass. When flowers show Water twice a week. rately modeapuly liquidmanure until March, then freely until June, when give less. Temp., 45" to 50" ; March Sept. to March to May 50" to 55". After flowering in sunny Prune shoots to within 1 in. of base place outdoors. When shoots form new turn loose out of remove plants pots, soil," repot in 4 or 5 in. pots. Replace in greenhouse in Sept. Transfer to 6 or 8 in. pots in Dec. or. Jan. CJompost,three parts good fibrous loam, one part decayed horse or cow dung, half a part coarse stand
in
July.
sand,
"
to tablespoonfulof superphosphate firm potting essential. Stimulants
each
bushel. Good above. CULTURE OF IVY-LEATED PELARGONIUMS Insert : cuttings singlyin 2 in. pots, or three or four in a 4 in. pot in Aug. or Sept. Grow in greenhouse near glass until Feb. or March, then transfer to 4 in. pots. Nip off points of main shoots in Feb. or March. Repot in Sin. pots in April or May. Train shoots to stakes or place plants in suspended baskets, " let them droop over sides. Water moderately a
drainage
and
as
_
Sept.to April,freelyApril to Sept. Apply stimulants. May to Sept. 40" to 50" ; March to Sept. 50" to 60". Plant Temp., Sept. to March Prune old plants,Feb. or March. outdoors, June. lants Compost " stimusame
for zonals.
as
CULTURE
OF
FRAGRANT-LEAVED
PELARGONIUMS
:
Compost,
and leaf-mould, parts loam, half a part each of decayed manure Pot and treat as advised for zonals. quarter part sand. Peopaoatb 1-16 in. deep in a well-drained by seeds sown pot or filled with in 55" to to Feb. soil, 65", temp. light sandy pan, April; two
cuttings inserted
above directed in each as section; grafting on kinds iu close frame under in temp. 55" to 65" or bell-glass in spring; tuberous-rooted kinds by division m spring. HiRDT HBRBACEOTJS SPECIES: P. 2 endlioheriannm, rose, ft.. summer, common
Orient. FRAGRANT-LEAVED
SPECIES:
P.
and oapitatnm (Rose-soented), rose purple, 2 to (Citron-scented),white, summer, Africa; crispum (Lemon-scented), purple, Sept., 2 to 3 ft.,S. Africa; denticulatum filicifolium (Fem-leaTed), purple, summer, 3 to 4 ft., S. Africa; fragrans 2 to 3 ft.; quercifolium (Oak-leaved), (Nutmeg-scented),white and red, summer, pink, purple, May, 3 to 4 ft., S. Africa; radula (Balsam-scented), purple, summer. 3 to 4 ft., S. Africa 3 ft., (Peppermint-scented), wMte, ; tomentosum summer, summer, 3 ft.,S.
2
to
3
ft., S. Africa
S. Africa. OTHER SPECIES and white, summer,
;
citriodorura
inquinauB (parent of the Scarlet Geraniums), scarlet, rose, ft., S. Africa; peltatum (Syn. hederEefolium), parent of the S. Africa Ivy-leaved Geraniums, white or red, summer, ; grandiflorum (parent of 2 ft., S. the^Show, Fancy, and Regal Pelargoniums), white and red, summer, Africa; zonale (Horseshoe or Zonal Geranium), parent of the zonal, bicolor and tricolor geraniums, 2 ft., S. Africa. various colours, summer, P.
:
2
Pelecyphora. succulent
CULTURE
pounded
perennial. :
(Hatchet Cactus). "
First
introduced
Ord.
Cactaceae.
Greenhouse
1843.
" Compost, equal parts sandy loam, rough old mortar windows. Position, sunny or greenhouse airy Pot,
bricks.
313
OF
ENOTGLOP^DIA
OARDENINO.
April in well-drained pots just large enough to accommodate moderately only. Water Repot every third or fourth year afterwards. to none March Dec, to once a Sept. fortnight Sept., days, June to Sept. Apply soot-water Syringe on evenings of warm to Sept. Ventilate to healthy plants,June freely in summer. Temp.r 50" to 55". to Sept. 60" to 70" ; Sept. to March March Propagate by seeds sown \ in. deep in well-drained pans or pots of sandy soil in 75" in March, keeping soil moderately moist; by cuttings of temp. the tops of the plants inserted in small pots of sandy gritty compost March
or
roots.
in spring. CULTIVATED;
SPECIES
Pelexia. introduced CULTUEE
Ord.
"
aBseliformis,white
P.
Orchidaceae.
Stove
and
roee,
June,
terrestrial
4
in., Mexico.
orchids.
First
1823. :
Cbmpost, two parts fibrous peat, one part loam potp or shallow pans in shady part
Position, well-drained
" of
sand. stove.
55" to 65". to Sept. ; Sept. to March 65" to 75" March gate Propawith roots attached, inserted singly by cuttingsof shoots removed in temp. 45" to 55" in small pots of peaty compost under bell-glass
Temp., m
spring. CULTIVATED:
SPECIES
rosco-alba, white,
sammer,
1
P. maonlata, ft., Brazil.
green
and
pink,
snmmer,
1
to
2
ft.;
Pellsea. Greenhouse (Cll"E Brake-Fern). Ord. Filices. evergreen deciduous ferns. First introduced 1770. Fronds, hand-shaped or twice divided; green. once or CULTURE: Compost, equal parts loam, leaf-mould, peat " sand, with a little charcoal " sandstone. Pot or plant, Mar5i. Position, well-drained pots in shady part of greenhouse or in beds or rockeries in shade. Water moderately Oct. to Feb., freely afterwards. Temp., 45" to 55" ; March to Sept.60" to 65". P. atropurpurea Sept. to March is sufficiently in sheltered rockeries if prohardy to grow outdoors tected with litter or hand-light in winter. Propagate by spores sown surface of sandy peat in shallow on pan in temp. 70" to 80", any time ; division of plantsin Feb. to April. CULTIVATED: SPECIES P. adiantioidea (Syn. Platyloma adiantioideB),W. Indies; atropurpurea, N. America; Breweri, N. America; oalomelanos. Cape oordata flexuosa cordata, Mexico; Colony; (Syn. Platyloma flexuosa), W.S. America; faloata. Tropics, Australia, New Zealand; hastata (Syn. Pteris hastata), S. Africa; muoronata, California; ternifolia,Trop. America. "
"
Pellionia.
Ord. Urticacese. Stove creeping herb. Orn. foliage. introduced 1880. Leaves, roundish, oval or heart-shaped;olivegreen with violet " white markings. CULTURE : Compost, two " parts sandy loam, one part leaf-mould sand. Pot or or plant, March shallow April. Position, or on pans surface of beds or rockeries under or staging. Water moderately Oct. to Feb.; freely afterwards. Temp., Sept. to April 55" to 65"; April to Sept. 65" to 75". Propagate by cuttingsof creeping shoots inserted m sandy soil in small pots under in temp. 75" to 85" in bell-glass spring; division of plants in March or April. "
First
SPECIES
CULTIVAITSD:
P.
davcauana. Cochin
China;
pulchra. Cochin
China.
Peltandra Aroidero. (Arrow-Arum)." Ord. Hardy perennial herb. Orn. foliage. First introduced 1759, Leaves, spear-head shaped, broad, deep green. CULTURE shallow
of soil
:
pond. in
piece
Soil, rich boggy or muddy. Position, moist bog or Plant, March or April,enclosingroots " small quantity of
canvas
or
sacking " drop 314
the
whole
into
the water.
ENOYGLOPMDIA
OF
GARDENING.
Propagate by insertingportions of creeping stems' ponds where required to grow. 8PE0IES
OULTIVATED:
Peltaria. First introduced CTJLTUEE:
P.
Ord.
"
virginion, 1 ft., N.
Cruciferae.
in
soil in
America.
herbaceous
Hardy
muddy
perennial herb.
1601.
Plant, garlic-scented. borders, beds or Position, sunny rookeries. Plant, Oct., March or April. Propagate by seeds sown 4 in. deep outdoors, March or April,where plantsare required to grow ; division of plants in March or April. Soil, ordinary.
OtTLTITATED:
SPECIES
P.
1 ft., E. Europe. alliaoea,white, summer, Gramineae. Hardy perennial grasses. Plowering " oru. foliage. Inflorescence very graceful and useful for cuttingand drying for winter decoration. CULTURE OP P. LATIFOLIUM: tered, Soil, sandy loam. Position, shelwell-drained borders in warm of the Plant, kingdom only. parts weather with April. Protect in severe covering of mats, or lift in to greenhouse, replanting Nov., place in large pots or tuba " remove in April or May. outdoors CULTURE OP P. LONGISTYLUM : Soil,ordinary. Position, sunny in diameter borders. Sow seeds 1-16 in. deep in patches a foot or more where in March flower. Gather inflorescence to or April, plants are for winter annual. an as use, end of July. This speciesis best treated P. latifolium in. in 1-16 seed sown Propagate deep sandy soil in by shallow boxes or pans in temp. 60" to 65", March or April, transplanting seedUngs outdoors in May or June ; division of root in April P. latifolium CULTIVATED: SPECIES 5 to 8 ft., (Syn. Gymnothrix latifolia), perennial, Argentina; longistylum, 12 to 18 in., annual, Abyssinia. Pennyroyal (Mentha pulegium). See Mentha. Pentas. Kubiaceae. Stove Ord. floweringshrubs. evergreen First introduced 1842. CULTURE : Compost, equal parts fibrous peat iS;leaf -mould, halt" sand. each loam Pot, Feb. to April. Position, well-drained part light Water stove. in of moderately Sept. to April, freely pots lightpart to at other times. Syringe daily April Sept. Prune plants into shape off shoots after sionally occapoints of young flowering. Nip imnlediately induce habit " to of growth. June bushy July during May, Temp., Sept to April 50" to 60"; April to Sept. 60" to 75". Propagate shoots, 2 to 3 in. long, inserted singly in 2-in. by cuttings of young
PennJSetum.
"
Ord.
.
"
"
pots filled with 75", spring or
sandy compost
"
placed
under
in temp, bell-glass
of
summer.
piiii, winter, 18 in., Trop. Africa; carnea quartiniana, pink. Pentstemon (Beard Tongue). Ord. Scrophulariaceae.Hardy 1794. First introduced perennials. two CULTURE or : Soil, parts rich loam, one part decayed manure leaf-mould. March Plant, or April. Position, sunny beds or borders, able Suitwell drained. Apply stimulants once or twice a week in summer. CTILTiyATED:
SPECIES
kermesina,
rose
and
violet;
P.
oamea,
carnea,
"
Liquid tablespoonfulto
stimulants rate
of
a
:
cow
each
or
horse
manure
plant forked
;
superphosphate
into surface
of soil in
at
the
May;
once a week; Peruvian of soda Joz. to a gall,of water guano twice week. 1-16 in. a Propagate by seeds sown J oz. to gall,of water deep in a well-drained pot or pan of light soil in temp. 55" to 65" in Feb. or March, transplantingseedlings outdoors in May; cuttings in sandy soil in boxes bed 3 in. long inserted or a shoots of young in cold frame Aug., allowing them to remain under hand-light,or in division in April there until April; ^ 315
nit"ate
.
GARDENING.
OF
MNGYGLOP^DIA
barbatns P. azureus, 8PE0IES CULTIVATED: blue, Aug., 1 ft., N. America; 3 ft., U. Oobsea, purple and States; (Syn. Ohelone barbata), scarlet, summer, white, Aug., 1 ft., U. States ; confertus cacrulea-purpureus, purple and blue, 1 ft., 1 ft., U. States; gentianoides, summer. Rocky Mountains; glaber, purple, summer, 3 ft., Mexico! 2 ft., Mexico; Menziesii, lilac, scarlet, summer, HartwegU, summer, red kinds and The so purple, June, 6 in., I*I.W. America. largely in grown and P. Hart from F. Cobsea gardens were originally derived hybrids between wegii. See Paeonia. Peony (Fseoniaofficinalis). Peperomia (Pepper-Elder). Ord. Piperacese. StoTe herbaceous 1815. perennials; creeping " erect; oru. foliage. First introduced Leaves, roundish or egg-shaped; green, variegated with white. CULTURE: Compost, equal parts fibrous loam " peat with half a Pot, March or part sand. April. Position, small well-drained pots for erect species, shallow pans or beds for creepingspecies. Shade from Water sun. moderately in winter, freelyin summer. Syringe daily, April to Sept. Temp.. April to Sept. 60" to 75"; Sept. to April55" to 65". Propagate by cuttings of shoots or single jointswith leaf attached inserted in sandy peat " plunged in bottom heat in temp. 65" to 75" in spring. SPECIES CULTIVATED: and P. argyreia, leaves green 8. America; margrey, and leaves green, morata, leaves, green white, Brazil^ metallica, Peru; nummuand white. larisefolia,round green leaves; Sandersii, leaves, green See Peperomia. Elder. Pepper "
"
"
See Mentha. Peppermint (Mentha piperita)." Geranium Peppermint-scented (Pelargonium tosum). See Pelargonium.
tomen-
"
Pepper-plant." Perennial Perennial
See
Piper.
Candytuft."
See
Iberis.
Flax
(Linum perenne). See Linum. Honesty (Lunaria rediviva).See Lunaria. Sun-flower See (Helianthusmultiflorus)."
Perennial
"
"
Perennial
Helian-
thua.
Pereskia
(Barbados Gooseberry). "
First
Ord.
Cactaceas.
Stove
lent succu-
introduced
1696. perennials. CTJLTUBE: Compost, equal parts loam,
fourth
sand.
dry part
of
peat " leaf-mould, onePosition, small, well-drained pots in light,
Pot, March. stove,
moderately Sept.
or
to
in beds
with
shoots
trained
April,freelyafterwards.
to
dry wall.
Temp., Sept. to
Water March
50" to 60"; March to Sept. 65" to 75". P. aculeata and P. Bleo grown chieflyfor stocks for grafting epiphylluma on. Propagate by cuttings inserted in 2in. pots filled with sandy soil " placed on a light, of stem dry shelf in temp. 65" to 75" in spring.Allow one shoot only to grow for forming a stock, " train this to a stake fixed in soil until higli enough, then graft. SPECIES CULTIVATED: P. aculeata, 5 to 7 ft., W. Indies; Bleo, 8 to 10 ft., Mexico.
Perilla.
Ord. Labiatse. annual. First Half-hardy orn.-foliaged 1770. Leaves, egg-shaped,pointed; green or dark bronzy purple,with fimbriated edges. CtJLTTJRE seeds 1-16 in. deep in shallow : Sow boxes or pans filled with ordinary light soil placed in temp, of 65" to 75" in Feb. or March. "
introduced
Transplant seedlings when 2 in.
three
apart in shallow
leaves boxes.
have formed singly into 2-in. Keep in temp. 55" to 65" till doors gradually harden off " plant out-
pots,
or
May,
then transfer to cold frame; in June. in borders Adapted for masses
to, beds. 316
or
for lines
in, or
edgings
OF
ENCYCLOPEDIA
GARDENING.
persica)."See Fritillaria. Lily (Fritillaria Tulip (Tulipa clusianaj."See Tulipa. Daffodil (Hymenocallis Amancaes).
Persian Persian
Peruvian
See
"
callis. Peruvian
Hymeno
(Heliotropium peruvianum).
Heliotrope
See
"
Heliotropium. (Tropaeolum tuberosum)." See
IMasturtium
Peruvian
Tro-
Ijaeolum.
(Datura
Trumpet-flower
Datura. Petasites herbs.
suavolens). "
See
nial (Winter Heliotrope).^Ord.Compositae. Hardy perenFlowering " orn. foliage. Leaves, kidney or heartshaped.
large, downy CULTURE shaded Oct. or Nov. SPECIES
(Zephyranthes Candida)." See Zephy-
Lily
Swamp
Peruvian lanthes. Peruvian
beneath, green. woodland, paror tially : Soil, ordinary. Position, shrubberies Nov. borders. Propagate by division, Plant, Oct. or
CULTIVATED
:
P. fragrana, white, fragrant, Feb., 6 in.,Mediterranean
Region. Ord.
(Purple Wreath).
Petrea
"
climber; deciduous.
First
Stove-flowering
Terbenaceae. 1733.
introduced
CULTURE : Compost,equal parts loam, leaf -mould, peat " sand ; little charcoal. Position, well-drained pot, bed, or border, with shoots Pot or plant,Feb. in trained up rafters or trellis shady part of stove. rately March to Sept.,modeWater Feb. Prune March. freely, or slightly, March to to March afterwards. Sept. Temp., Syringe daily 60". 55" to Propagate by cuttings Sept. 65" to 75"; Sept. to March in sandy soil in well-drained shoots inserted of firm young pot under bell-glassin temp. 65" lo 75", spring " summer. 13 ft., ColombiaP. arborea, violet, blue, summor, CULTIVATED: SPECIES 12 ft., Trop. America Yolubilis (Purple Wreath), purple, summer, Whin (Genista anglica)."See Genista. Petty Solanaceae. Ord. perennials Petunia. Half-hardy herbaceous "
1823. First introduced CULTURE INDOOR : Compost, two parts decayed turfy loam, one Position, sunny quarter part silver sand. manure, part well-rotted Shade Pot, Feb. to only from bright sun. greenhouse or window. Pinch Size of pots, 3, 5 " 6 in. out point June, moderately firm. Prune in spring to induce bushy growth. shoots occasionally of young rately modeWater shoots of old plants moderately close in Feb. or March. No syringing required. Apply Sept. to April,freelyafterwards. Train shoots to established stimulants plants when flower buds form. Suitable to stakes. Joz. nitrate of soda or sulphate liquidmanures: to 1 gallon of water, applied three or four successive times of ammonia to a gallon of water applied twice a week; one-fourth Joz. only; guano
liquid cow, advised 40"
for
horse, sheep, or guano.
deer
dung
Temp., March
to
to three-fourths
Oct.
55"
to
water
applied
65" ; Oct
to March
as
to 50".
CULTURE : Soil,ordinaryrich. beds, Position, sunny trellises. June. or " Plant, store Lift, Sept., borders, vases, in pots in greenhouse to furnish cuttings in spring. Water freely in dry cold frame Place in May to harden in weather. before planting out. above. stimulants as surface of a Propagate by seeds sown on Apply OUTDOOR
compost
of
equal parts good soil,leaf-mould 318
"
sand
in
a
well-drained
ENOYOLOPMDIA
pot
or
OABDENING.
OF
pan, in temp. 65" to 75" in Feb., March, slioots inserted in ligktsandy soil in 55" to 65" any time in spring.
of young
temp.
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
P.
-violaoea,purple, summer, in gardens. grown
Peucedanum esculent-rooted CtTLTURE " not Draw four or
or
April; by cuttings
pots, pans,
or
boxes
m
tina; nyotaginiflora, white, Aug., 2 ft., annual, Argenties Last named parent of varieperennial, Argentina.
(Parsnip; Dill)."Ord.
Hardy
TJmbelliferae.
nial bien-
vegetable.
Soil, rick ordinary previouslytrenched three spitsdeep, manured. First Method " : Position, open recently sunny. drills 1 in. deep " 15 in. apart. Sow of three seeds in groups :
in. apart, March
12
2 in. high in. wide, 30 trench : Dig a group. 18 in. deep. Put 3 in. in then in. of soil 6 manure bottom, decayed mixed with little manure, " filled up with fine friable soil. a Sow two three seeds in groups foot apart down of the trench. centre or a Reduce the seedlingswhen Third 2 in. high to one in each group. Method: Make holes 3ft. deep.Sin. in diameter at top " 15 in. apart each way. Fill the lower six inches of the hole with a compost of fine " a pinch of superphosphate. The soil, decayed manure, remaining fill with similar of soot " a pinch but with the addition material, space Sow the seeds in of salt. plant groups of three or four, " thin to one 2 in. high. Suitable when Artificial Manures phate : 2f lb. kainit, 1 lb. sulof ammonia, lb. be half before to 2^ applied guano per square rod, after crop is thinned. Lift " store roots only sowing and remainder in event of bad weather; they retain their flavour better lifted as for one wanted from the ground. Seed retains its vegetative powers 50 ft. 1 for a row long, oz. Crop reaches year only. Quantity required in 24 27 15 to to weeks. Seed take to 20 maturity days germinate. Market Culttjbe: trench Soil, loam, deeply worked. Plough or add surface in stable Harrow iu but no manure. over autumn, deeply kainit iu 3 " Feb. Manures 4 cwt. cwt. : autumn, applied per acre in Feb. or March Sow IJ in. deep vo. superphosphate at sowing time. Seed 18 in. asunder. rows required per acre, 9 lb. Thin seedlings to Market 9 in. apart. Lift as required after November. by the tally " " cultivation of Cost 5s. : Singleing or thinning, (60 roots). per acre ; to
one
each
-n
lifting,26s. Average
or
Second
per
April.
Average
acre.
^650
returns
Thin
Method
seedlingswhen out
yield
per
acre,
500
to
600
bushels.
to ."80.
per acre, DILL OF Sow seeds 1 in. deep in drills : Soil,ordinary. Thin to 8iu. 9 in. apart in March. leaves seedlings apart. Gather for use. as required CULTIVATED: P. SPECIES graveolens (Dill), yellow, July, 3 ft., India; sativum (Parsnip), yellow, July and Aug., 1 ft.,Europe. Pha,celiam Ord. Hydrophyllacese. Hardy annuals. Good bee First introduced 1826. flowers. CULTUEE
"
CTJLTUE.E
Soil, ordinaryrich. Position, sunny
or partiallyshaded lines where required to grow Sin. to in 2 June. apart seedlings P. CULTIVATED: 8 in., California; SPEOIBS campanularia, blue, summer, 1 ft., California; tanaoetifolia, blue and pink, July, 2 ft., Parryi, violet, summer, California; Wbitlavia (Syn. Whitlavia grandiflora),blue, Sept., 1 ft., California. Phaedranassa (Queen Lily). Ord. Amaryllidaceae. Stove and bulbous plants. First introduced 1800. greenhouse flowering :
beds or borders. in April. Thin
Sow
seeds
in
patches
or
"
CULTUEE half
a
Oct.;
:
part in
Compost,
sand.
parts sandy loam, one part leaf-mould " the glass March to pots near stage Oct. to March. Pot, Feb. or March.
two
Position, well-drained
dry place under
319
ENCYCLOPEDIA
moderately March to May ; freelyMay to Oct. ; keep nearly dry Apply stimulants. May to Aug. only. Temp, for stove
Water Oct.
GARDENING.
OF
to March.
50" to 55"; for greento Sept.; Sept. to March species,60" to 70" March house to Sept.; 40" to 50" Sept. to March. species,55" to 65" March Place in small bulbs. from Eepot annually, removing old soil away No shade required. Propapots first,shift into largersizes later on. gate by seeds sown J in. deep in well-drained pots or pans of sandy soil in temp, of 65" to 75" in " treated as old bulbs spring ; offsets removed
potting time.
at
STOVE
SPECIES:
GEBENHOUSE Ecuador.
Carmioli,
P.
LehmaQili, scarlet,
2
summer,
SPECIES
Phsenocomai shrub. CULTDEE silver sand
:
Ord. introduced "
First
red
and
ft., Colombia. P. chloraoea,
green,
purple,
Oompositoe.
Bammcr, rose,
and
Greenhouse
3
ft., Costa
green,
Rica: 18
summer,
in.,
ing flower-
evergreen
1789.
fibrous peat, one Compost, two parts good brown part little charcoal. Position, well-drained pots in lightpart of greenhouse; no shade. Pot, March or AprU. Pirm potting most essential. Prune stragglingshoots only,moderately in Feb. or March. Water No moderately Sept. to April, freely afterwards. syringing air freely in summer. Shoots be trained required. Admit round can stakes or trellis. Propagate by cuttingsof firm young shoots, inserted in well-drained pots of sandy peat under bell-glassin temp, of 55" to
65", summer. SPECIES
3
:
"
to
4
OULTITATED:
P. prolifera, crimson, and rose, prolifera Bamesii, superior form. Ord. Orchidaceae. Stove terrestrial
purple. May
to
Sept.,
ft., S. Africa;
Phaius.
"
orchids.
First
troduced in-
1778.
CULTURE:
,
Compost, equal parts
leaf -mould, loam, " decayed cow April. Position, well-drained pots in warm, moist part of stove during g^rowing period ; cool and dry part during " do restingperiod. Cover drainage with layer of moss, allow not Water compost to be higher than half-an-inch below rim. freelyApril to Sept.; moderately Sept. to Jan.; keep nearly dry Jan. to March. to Sept. 65" to 85"; Sept. to Jan. 60" to 70"; Jan. to Temp., March manure.
Pot, March
March 55" to Oct. to March. is completed.
65".
or
Growing period:
March to Oct. Resting period: at base of new bulb soon after growth appear Propagate by division of pseudo-bulbs,March or April. SPECIES CULTIVATED bicolor, red, white, rose, and yellow, summer, : P. 18 in., Ceylon ; Blumei, brown, white, crimson, and yellow, spring, 2 ft., Java ; grandifloruB, yellow, brown, rose, and purple, spring, i\ ft., Trop. Asia and Australia; Humboldtii, purple, brown, white, crimson, and rose, 18 yellow, summer, in., Madagascar; maoulatus, yellow and brown, spring, 2J ft., N. India; simnlans, white, rose, purple, yellow, and crimson, winter, 1 ft., Madagascar- tuberculosus yellow and purple, winter, 2 ft., Madagascar; Wallichii, white, orange, purple, and yellow, winter, 2 ft., India.
Flowers
Phalsenopsis (Moth Orchid; Indian Butterfly-plant). Ord. Orchidacese. Stove evergreen epiphytalorchids. First introduced 1836. CULTURE : Compost, equal parts sphagnum moss, fibrous peat with fine particlesremoved, charcoal " clean potsherds. Position, shallow pans, small teak baskets or fixed to blocks of wood, suspended from roof of stove. in pans Plant baskets or fix to blocks, Feb. to March. or In fastening plants to blocks, first place layer of moss, then roots of plant, then another layer of moss, " secure firmly with copper wire to be well drained. Pans Water to April; baskets daily, March or blocks by dipping in tepid water, once twice a or Oct to March. "
week,
"Ioistatmosphere
very
essential
in
summer.
320
Shade
from
sun.
Temp.,
^NCitotoPMDtA 65" to 80" March
Of
garden
in a.
to March 60" to 65". Growing period, axil Flowers Oct. March. in to restingperiod, appear of leaf. Admit in moderate air of amount summer. Propagate by division or by offsets removed from flowering stems when well rooted. SPECIES CULTIVATED: P. amabilis, white andj-ellow,Marcll to Oct., Malaya; and esnieralda, rosy 6 in., Coollin purple, summer, purpl"?, Clllna; Lowii, white 4 in.,Moulmein; and summer, lueddemanuiana.wJiite periods, 8 in., purpJe, various Philippines: sanderiana, rose, purple, white, and pines; yellow, winter, 8 in., Philipschilleriana, mauve, red, spring, 1 ft., Philippines'; white, yellow, and and speciosa, purple, orange white, stuartiana, white, winter, S in., Andamaus ; pfurple and yellow, winter, 2 to 3 ft., Philippines; violacea, violet, rose and puro'e, 8 in., Malaya. ^umeroU8 summer, hybrids. Phalaris Grass; (Gardener's Garters; Lady's Garters; Eibbon Silver Grass). Ord. Gramiueaa. " perennialflowering Hardy annual " ornamental in paniFlowers, white, green, purple, borne cles; grasses.
March
to Oct. ; Oct.
to Oct. ;
"
July. Leaves, green or variegated with white. CULTU'EE OF Sow AINNUAL SPECIES: seeds Jin. deep in April where to Soil, ordinary. Position, sunny. required grow. CULTURE PEEENNIAL OP SPECIES: Soil, ordinary. Position, or Plant, Oct. to April. Lift, divide, " replant shady borders. sunny outdoors Propagate perennialsby seeds sown every two or three years. in April,transplantingseedlingsfollowing Oct.; division of plants, Oct.
to
April.
ANNUAL PEEENNIAL
white,
3
P. oanariensis SPECIES: P. arundinacea SPECIES : 4 ft., N. Regions.
to
Phaseolus French annuals.
Bean). "
(Canary Grass), 18 in., S. Europe. variegata, leaves striped with silvery
Scarlet Haricot Bean; Runner; (Kidney Bean; Legumiuosae. Stove and hardy perennials and
Ord.
Kidney
or
French
Bean
first introduced
1509;
Runner
Beau
1663.
CULTURE little sand.
OF
SNAIL
FLOWER
:
Compost, equal parts loam
"
peat,
Position, well-drained pots, shoots twining round trellis, Water posts, or pillars.Pot, Feb. moderately in winter; freely in 50" to 55"; March summer. to Sept. 55" to Temp., Sept. to March 65". in light soil in temp. 65" in March; Propagateb^ seeds sown in temp. 65" in April. cuttingsinserted in sandy soil under bell-glass OR "CULTURE OF KIDNEY BEAN FRENCH : Soil, light,rich, well manured " dryish. Position, open, sunny. Draw drills 3 in. deep " 18 in. apart. Sow seeds 4 in. apart end of April, middle of May, beginning of
of July. " end Thin three leaves seedlings when form to another apart, thinnings row replanting or appear the drills thorou^lyif soil be dry before sowing the Water rows. Mulch with manure when seeds. Water seedlingsappear. freely in when Plants hear earlier Apply stimulants pods form. dry weather. in open garden. if sown along centre of early celeryridges than if sown POT CULTURE : Compost, two parts good soil, one part decayed Size of pots, 8 in. Put 1 in. of crocks in bottom, next a layer manure. of half -decayedtree leaves or fresh horse droppings, then enough compost seeds J in. deep, 2 in. apart. Moisten to half fillthe pot. Dibble Water with tepidwater. moderately when seeds sprout; freelywhen 1 in. high. Top-dress with when equal parts soil " manure plants after top-dressing reach rim of pot. Apply stimulants has been done a fortnight. Temp., 55" to 65". Support shoots with small twigs. No shade required. Keep close to glass. BEANS: RUNNER OF Soil, light,deep, well manured. CULTURE shady or partially Position, sunny garden,arbour, trellis,or fences; to
former
June
12 in.
besti
Sow
seeds
first week-iu 321
May
4 in.
apart, and
3 in.
deep
ji
ENOtGLOPJSDtA
OP
OAUDtlMlNG.
in iu drills 6ft. asunder; in double 9 in. apart " 8 ft. asunder; rows " 6 in. soil, 9 in. wide, 12 iu. deep, containing 3 m. manure 6 in. asunder. seeds being dibbled 2 in. deep, 4 in. apart in two rows Support plants with long stakes, or trellises,or strands of twine when 6 in. high, or nip off point of main shoot when 3 ft. high, and subsequent shoots when 6 in. long to ensure dwarf habit. Mould in up those sown drills. Mulch Water with manure. freely in dry weather, otherwise flowers will fall off. Apply stimulants able Suitfreely when pods form. salt lb. artificial manures 3 1 of lb. each of nitrate soda : " J ; ^1) rod sui^erphosphate; lib. kamit, half this to be applied to a square before in June. sowing, remainder (2) 21b. kaiuit; 51b. nitrate of soda ; 9 lb. superphosphate; 1 lb. sulphate of iron per square rod, to be applied when the plants are 3 in. high. : Liquid manures \ oz. nitrate of soda to a gallon; 1 oz. ^uano to a gallon; one- third horse or diluted with two-thirds cow manure water, to be applied when pods form. 50 ft. long : ^ pint of kidney Quantity of seed required for a row beans. Seeds retain their vegetatiye powers beans; 1 pint of runner for three and in 10 to 12 days. French beans reach germinate years, 16 weeks beans afterwards. maturity 14 weeks after sowing, and runner trendies
Market
Culture
manured
and
well
Sow
kidney
Soil, light, rich loam,
:
the in
beans
previous autumn.
April
"
deeply dug
or
ploughed
Position, sheltered
fields. in. deep and 6 in. apart iu rows Sin. deep, 6 in. apart, in rows 5 ft. apart if to be staked. tity Quan-
May, 2 in May,
beans 2i ft. asunder; runner if to be grown dwarf; 3} ft. asunder of seed to sow ; an acre Kidney beans, 1 peck ; runner beans, 3 bushels at 3ift.,2 bushels at 5 ft. Manures yard (per acre): 30 tons of farm; or ploughed in in autumn superphosphate applied
manure
5 cwt.
autumn,
for
weeks
four
soda bushels of
after
sowing
seeds.
basic 10 cwt. in March, and
Average
(40 lb.) Average
slag applied in 1 cwt.
nitrate
yield per acre : 300 Je40. Average price
returns per acre, "Z0 to 5d. to 6d. oaracella .(SnailFlower), lilac,summer,
pickingper bushel, SPECIES
STOVE
India. HARDY 8
white
SPECIES to and
P.
;
:
P.
ft., Mexico, lilac, summer,
12
climbing perennial,
multiflorua
(Scarlet Eunner Bean), scarlet and white, summer, perennial; vulgaris (Kidney, French, and Haricot Bean), 2 to 3 ft., S. America, annual.
Pheasant's-eye Pheasant'S-eye
(Adonis autumnalis).
Pheasant's-eye
Pink
"
Narcissus
See Adonis.
(Narcissuspocticus)."See
cissus. Nar-
(Dianthus plumarius auuulatus)."See
Dianthus. Pheasant's-taii
Grass
(Apera arundinacea). "
See
Apera.
See Polypodium. Pheg^opteris." Phiiadeiphus (Syringa; Mock-orange). Ord. Saxifragacese. First introduced Hardy deciduous flowering shrubs. 1596. CULTURE ; Soil, ordinary good. Position, sunny borders courts. foreor Plant, Oct. to Feb. Prune immediately after flowering, thinning out shoots that have bloomed only. Apply soap suds or liquid "
manure
POT
mould,
occasionallyto old-established shrubs in summer. CULTURE: Compost, two parts sandy loam, one part sand. " .Repot annually after flowering. Position,
greenhouse, afterwards Water
Dec.
to
May,
or
warm
greenhouse,
iu sunny
Dec.
to
.ipril;
leafcold
outdoors
spot; jwts phin,c;edto rim in coal ashes or soil. moderately indoors, freelyoutside. of Propagate by cutlin"rs " 322
ENCYCLOVMBIA
OABBENINO.
OF
shoots inserted in sandy soil in young cold frame outdoors in May ; suckers or
close
in
temp. 55" in April, or layers in spring.
SPECIES CULTIVATED P. coronarius : (Mock Orange), wMte, June, 10 ft., S. its varieties, foliis aureis and Europe; (golden-leavecl),argeuteo-variegatis(silver3 ft., leaved), flore pleno (double), and nanus (dwarf); microphyllus, white, eummer, Colorado grandiflorus, white, June, 6 ft., XT. States ; gordoniaous, white, June, ; 10 ft., N.W. America; Lemoinei, white, June, 3 ft., hybrid.
Philesia,.
"
shrubs. First CtlLTXJEE:
Ord. Liliacese. introduced 1853.
Half-hardy
Compost, equal parts peat, loam,
Position, against walls,
floweringr
evergreen "
silver
coarse
sand.
greenhouse; against walls or in sheltered Pot of S.W. nooks outdoors, England or Ireland. Feb. or to March to Water Oct., moderately plant, freely, April. afterwards. to Oct. Syringe foliage daily in greenhouse, March Prune weak after stimulants a week. once directly blooming. Apply under bellto inserted in Sept. Propagate by cuttings May sandy peat in in in suckers summer glass greenhouse spring. ; SPECIES
CULTIVATED
PhEllyrea.
:
in
P.
buiifolia, pink, June, Mock
(Jasmine Box;
shrubs.
evergreen
pots, in cold
or
1597.
Flowering
"
cool
or
3
Privet). "
ornamental
ft., Taldivia. Oleaceae.
Hardy
Ord.
foliage.
duced intro-
First
Leaves, lance or egg-shaped, dark : Soil, ordinary. Position, sunny
green. CULTURE borders ; sheltered N. England. corners Plant, Sept. to April. Prune straggly shoots only in April. Propagate by cuttings of firm shoots inserted in sandy soil in cold frame in Sept.; grafting on common privet in March. P. augustifolia, white, May, 8 to 10 ft., Mediterranean SPECIES CULTIVATED : -leaved ; decora, white. May, 8 to 10 Region; angustifolia rosmarinifolia, rosemary 20 ft., Mediterranean ft., Lazistan; latifolia, white, May, Region; latifolia ilioileaved f olia, holly-leaved; latifolia rotundifolia, round white. May, 10 to ; media, 15 ft., Mediterranean Region; media buxifolia, box-leaved; media oleasfolia,oliveleaved.
Philodendron.
climbing plants. egg,
or
Ord.
Stove Aroideae. First introduced foliage. "
Oru.
1759.
arrow-shaped,oblong; green. : Compost, equal parts peat, leaf-mould,
CULTUEE
Pot
sand. tall
in
ones
Water
SPECIES creamy
plant,
beds
freely all
Sept. 65" of stems
or
to
inserted
the in
light
Brazil
;
with
Position,
shoots
trained
dwarf
up
loam, kinds
walls
or
or
heart,
Leaves, "
silver
in
pots;
pillars
to Syringe daily. Temp., March to 65"Propagate by cuttings
55"
March
soil in P.
verrucosum
April.
round.
year
Sept.to
CULTIVATED:
white,
to
borders,
or
75";
Jan.
dwarf
evergreen
temp. 75" at any time. climber, spathe blaok, purple, and andreanum, other (Syn. Lindenli), dwarf, Colombia. Many
species of little interest. Phlebodium, See Polypodium. Phlomis (Jerusalem Sage). Ord. Labiatae. Hardy perennials " shrubs. First introduced 1596. evergreen PERENNIAL CULTUEE OP SPECIES Soil, ordinary. Position, : beds, borders, rockeries, or banks. Plant, Oct. to April. Lift, sunny divide, " replant every three years. CULTUEE OP SHEUBBT SPECIES : Soil, good ordinary or sandy well-drained loam. borders rockeries. Position, sunny or Plant, Oct. in March. with decayed manure to April. Mulch Propagate by seeds in light soil in warm sown greenhouse in March, or sunny spot outdoors in April; herbaceous kinds also by division, Oct. or March; in Aug. shrubs by cutting's inserted in cold frame SPECIES: P. PERENNIAL cashmeriana, lilac,July, 2 ft., Himalayas; Herba13 to 18 in., S. Europe. venti, purple and violet, summer, "
"
323
M
1
BNGYCLOPMDIA SPECIES:
SHEUBBY
OF
(Jerusalem
frutioosa
P.
GARDENING. Sage), yellow, June,
3
to
4
ft.,
Europe.
S.
and Polemoniaceae. Hardy " half-hardy annual tion cultivaPhloxes for garden 1725. First introduced perennial herbs. Tall, or divided into four classes, viz., Alpines,Early-flowering are and Annual. Late-flowering (tall), SPECIES OF taining ALPINE : Soil, deep, rich sandy loam, conCULTURE
Phlox.
little leaf-mould
a
borders,
to, sunny Lift " March. POT
Ord.
"
divide
only
or
half
" air
OF
a
Compost,
:
part sand.
Pot,
two
parts sandy loam, one Position, cold
March.
moderately, Oct.
Water
greenhouse.
CULTURE
or as or on, edgings peat. Position, masses to May. Plant, March ledges of rockeries. too large for the positionthey occupy; grown
ALPINES
OP
Admit
times.
on
when
CULTURE
part leaf-mould, frame
or
to
April; freelyother
freely always. AND
EARLY
deep rich moderately heavy loam;
LATE-FLOWERING light soils not
KINDS: Sbil, suitable. Position,
preferable. Plant, Oct., partially-shadedborders, former Mulch March. in or liberallywith decayed manure March or frequently. May to Sept. April. Apply liquid manure in Oct. stems Cut down Water Lift, divide, freelyin dry weather. rich soil triennially. " replant in fresh sunny
or
Nov.,
Feb.,
POT
CULTURE
rotten
or
:
cow
Compost, "
manure,
one
parts turfy loam, one part leaf-mould sand. Position, cold parpart coarse tially-shad
two
cold frame in winter. Pot, greenhouse in summer; March. Water, freely,April to Oct., very little afterwards. Apply stimulants once a week. May to Sept. ANNUAL SPECIES seeds 1-16 in. deep in Ught CULTURE OF : Sow soil in box, pan, or pot, in temp. 55" to 65", March. lings Transplant seedoff " plant out2 in. apart in boxes doors. or pots, gradually harden Gin. apart, in rich soil, in sunny position,in June. Nip off Water point of main shoot after planting to induce bushy growth. Mulch with manure cocoanut-fibre refuse. or freely in dry weather. CULTURE POT : Compost, two parts loam, one part decayed manure Plant four seedlings in 5-in. pot in April. " little sand. leaf-mould or outside on or Keep in temp. 55" until June, then place in cold frame Water window sill. when Sin. high. Nip freely. Apply stimulants No when 3 in. high. off points of shoots repottingrequired. Propagate 1-16 in. deep in sandy soil in early" late kinds by seeds sown
spring; by cuttings of shoots obtained from in sandy soil in temp. 55" in March; by in of Oct. division or March; by cuttings of shoots covered Jin. plants of soil in temp. 55" in March or April. Alpines by cuttings of shoots in sandy soil in cold frame in July; division inserted in March or April. 55"
temp. base
in
autumn
or
plants inserted
of old
SPECIES: P. amoena, Jan., 6 in., N. America; rose, diyarioata, blue. its yarieties alba ft., N. America, and (white), canadensis (blue); ovata, 1 ft.. May, N. America; prooumbona, lilao-blue,June, 6 in.,hybrid; rept"ns, rose, 3 in., N. America; purple. May, Stellaria, white, Jnn", 6 in., Illinois; rosy eabulata (Moss Pink), purple or white. May, 6 in., U. States. Frondosa (pink), Nelsonii of the la\t species varieties (rosy pink) are (white), and setaoea PERENNIAL TALL SPECIES: P. glaberrima, red, July, 1 to 2 ftf, N. America; and its -variety suflrutioosa, rose, spring, 1 to 2 ft., U. States, parent of the earlyALPINE
May,
1
maoulata (Wild Sweet William),purple, July, fragrant, 2 ft., of late flowering phloxes; of the parents paniculata, purple and fragrant, 3 to 4 ft., TJ. States, another of late-flowering parent
flowering phloxes; N.
America,
one
white, August, phloxes,
"
324
ENCYCLOPEDIA WFEOIES CULTIVATED: P. to 20 ft., California; serralata also the genus See Ei-iobotrya.
Ph
ry
iu m
n
foliage.
Orn.
CULTURE
:
GARDMNING.
OF
(Californian Maybush), white, July, 10 (Chinese Hawthorn), white, spring, 15 ft,, China.
arbutifolia
Ord. Scitaminaceae. First introduced 1807.
Stove
"
.
Compost,
two
parts
" herbaceous
Leaves,
or
green
perennials. variegated.
part rich loam, peat, one pots in shady part of stove.
fibrous
sand. Position, well-drained Water to Sept.; moderately, March. or abundantly, March to S'ept.to Deo. ; keep nearly dry afterwards. Syringe daily, March stimulants Sept. Apply weak Temp., occasionallyduring summer. Feb. to Oc\., 65" to 75"; Oct. to Feb., 55" to 65" Eepot annually. Propagate by division of rhizomes in Feb. or March. SPECIES CULTIVATED: P. cipitatum, leaves 1 to 2 ft.,India; Grifathii, green, one
part
Pot,
Feb.
leaves
2
green,
ft., Malacca.
See
Phygelius
also
the
genua
Maranta.
(Cape Fig-wort). Ord. Scrophulariaceae. Half-hardy 1835. perennial. FiVst introduced : Soil, light rich ordinary. Position, sunny well-drained base of south wall S. " W. of England " Ireland only. Plant, April. Protect in winter by covering of ashes or dry fern
herbaceous
"
CULTURE border at March or fronds placed around
base of stem. Lift, divide, " replantevery three 1-16 in. deep in shallow Propagate by seeds sown years. pans boxes filled with lightrich soil " placed in a temp, of 55" to 65", Feb.
four
March,
or or or
transplanting seedlings outdoors. May or June ; by cuttingsof in pots in propagator in greenhouse or cold inserted or or Aug. ; division of roots, March April.
ripened shoots frame in July SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
Phyllanthus. First
introduced
P.
Ord
"
oapensis, scarlet, summer,
Euphorbiaceas.
Leaves, oval
1699.
or
3
ft., .S. Africa.
foliaged plants. oblong, small, variegatedwith Stove
orn.
purple,white, yellow. CULTURE:
Compost, equal parts sandy loam " fibry peat, one part equal proportions"of charcoal, dried cow powdered brick, manure, " coarse silver sand. Po.sition,well-drained pots in shady part of stove. Water Pot, Feb. or March. moderately, Oct. to March, freely afterwards. Syringe morning " evening, April to Sept. Prune into shape, Jan. 55" to 65"; March to Temp., Sept. to March Sept. 63" to 75". Propagate by cuttings of firm shoots, 2 to Sin. long, inserted singly in small pots of sandy soil under propagator or bell-glassin temp. 75", spring or summer. SPECIES
P. CULTIVATED: leaves atropurpureus, purplish, Commoro Isles, glaucescens, leaves pinnate and (Syn. Reidia glances; pulcher green cens), leaves green, Malaya, 3 to 4 ft. Last-named a pretty table plant. Ord. Cactaceae. Phyllocactus. Greenhouse fleshy-stemmed plants with no leaves. First introduced 1710. CULTURE : Compost, two parts light fibrous loam, one part of equal proportions of dried cow dung, leaf-mould, brick rubble, " silver sand. Position, well-drained pots close to glass in warm greenhouse
6
to
8
ft.
;
"
window, Sept. to July; outdoors fully exposed to the sun, Pot, April. Repot every three years only. Sept. Firm Water potting " good drainage essential. to Oct.; keep freely.May nearly dry, Oct. to May. Apply weak stimulants to plants that have been a-week. May to Sept. Syringe plants daily. potted a year once tor a few weeks after repotting, also May to Sept. Shade from sun or
sunny
July
to
for a short time after removal to open air. Temp., Oct. to April, 50" to 55"; April to Oct. 60" to 75". 1-16 in. Propagate by seeds sown in soil in shallow box or light in 63" deep placed pan to 75" in temp. by cuttings of stems dried in the suu for a day or two, then spring; 326
ENCYCLOPMDIA inserted on
sunny SPECIES
placed
pots filled with light sandy soil, " greenhouse, April to Sept.
singly in shelf
OABDFNINO.
OF
2-in.
in
CULTIVATED:
P.
AcltCTmanui.
crimson,
summer,
3 to
4
ft., Mexico;
ang-ulig-er, crenatus, white, fragrant, yellow, fragrant, autumn, 1 to 2 ft., Mexico; Hookeri, white, Honduras; summer, grandis, white, fragrant, 2 to 3 ft.,Honduras; 6 to 8 ft., 2 to 3 ft., Brazil ; latifrona, creamy white, summer, fragrant, summer, Mexico Also numerous and 1 to 2 ft., Mexico. white, summer, ; phyllanthioides, rose hybrids and seedlings. Phyllostachys Half-hardy (Whangee Cane)." Ord. GramineEe. cence Nat. China, Japan. Ht. 4 to 12 ft. Infloresorn.-foliagedgrasses. borne
in
panicles;
Foliage,
summer.
narrow,
lance-shaped,
Habit of growth, graceful. green. CULTURE : Soil, rich Position, moist sheltered deep sandy loam. with borders of England " Ireland Protect S. " W. in winter only. thick covering of dry fern fronds litter in autumn. Plant, April or or or May. April. Propagate by division of plants in March CULTIVATED P. SPECIES aurea (Syn. Bamtusa : aurea), leaves yellow and and fastuoaa Castillonis white; (Syn. Bambusa Castillonis),leaves green; green marliacea (Syn. Bambusa marliaoea), leaves (Syn. Bambusa fastuosa), leaves green; mitis mitis), leaves green; nigra (Syn. Bambusa nigra), (Syn. Bambusa green; leaves viridi-glaucescensj,leaves green. viridi-glauccscens (Syn. Bambusa green; See Xanthosoma. Phyllotaenium. "
See Polypodium. Phymatodes. PhysaliS Cherry; (Ground or Winter Cape Gooseberry). Gooseberry; Peruvian "
"
"
of Cape Gooseberry edible, Fruit inflated calyx. SPECIES: Position, sunny Soil, rich.
hardy perennial herbs.
globular berry inclosed CULTURE well-drained
OP
in
an
HARDY
border.
Plant,
March
soil every third year. winter decorations. " dry for OP CULTURE GREENHOUSE in
Eed Winter Cherry; Cape house GreenSolauaceae. Ord.
fresh
or
April.
Gather SPECIES leaf-mould
Lift, divide,
bearing
stems
:
Soil, two
fruits
a
replant
" in
Sept.,
parts loam,
one
little sand. Position, singly in 5 or 6-in. pots, with shoots trained to sticks " placed close to front of sunny greenhouse, or planted in small beds, " shoots trained Water Pot back wall. or plant Feb. or March. freely,April to up weak twice stimulants, once or Sept.; moderately afterwards. Apply pagate Profruit when a week. May to Sept. Gather ripe " fully coloured. in April; in sunny hardy species by seeds sown spot outdoors or by seeds April. Greenhouse by division of roots in March species 1-16 in. deep in shallow sown pots or pans of light soil " placed in cuttings inserted singly m pots of temp. 65" to 75", Feb. or March; light sandy soil placed in propagator or under bell-glassin temp. 65" to April. to 75", Jan. SPECIES P. Alkekengi HAllDT Winter or : (Bladder Herb Cherry), white, summer, fruit fruit red, 18 in., scarlet, 1 ft., Europe; Franchettii, white, summer,
part well-decayed
or
manure
"
Japan. GREENHOUSE
SPECIES:
purplish, 3 ft.,Tropics; violet).
P. and
peruviana
its varieties
(Cape Gooseberry), white, summer, (fruit yellow),and violacea
edulis
Physostegia
fruit
(fruit
(False Dragon-head)." Ord. Labiatae. Hardy 1683. perennials. First introduced : Soil, light ordinary. Position, cool partially-shaded Plant, Oct., Nov., March, or April. Propagate by seeds deep in light sandy soil outdoors in April; cuttingsof young .shoots inserted in light sandy soil under hand-lightor in cold franje" division of Oct., or roots, Nov., or April May; May. herbaceous CULTURE borders. sown J in.
337
CULTIVATED
SPECIES
:
-virglniana,purple
P.
INC.
GARDEN
OF
ENCYCLOPEDIA
or
flesli,June
Sept.,
to
1 to
4
ft.,
America,
N.
(Horned Eampion).
Phyteuma
Hardy
Campanulacese.
Ord.
"
perennial herbs. mixed Soil, deep rich loam leaf-mould Position, or peat.
CULTURE: "
mortar
borders
sunny species;
divide, Feb.
March.
or
tall kinds.
CULTIVATED:
SPECIES
a
little old
weather. boxes in cold
orbiculare
P.
(Britain); Michelii, blue, 6 to 8 in.,Europe.
summer,
March
or
Top-dress dwarf
light sandy soil in shallow transplanting seedlings in permanent of plants in March or April. Europe
limestone rockeries
freelyin dry
Water
in
sown
sunny
Plant,
replant only when overgrown. of peat, leaf-mould, lime, "
"
mixture
a
for
with
old
dwarf
April. Lift, specieswith annually in
mortar
frame, Sept. or
or
May;
seeds Oct. ; sion divi-
Eampion),
(Horned 1
for
Propagate by
positions,April
summer,
grit "
to
2
blue, July, " to 12 in., ft., Europe; Sieberi, blue,
Phytolacca,
Plant; Pigeon-berry). (Virginian Poke; Eed-ink perennials. First introduced Phytolaccaceas. Hardy herbaceous
Ord. 1768.
"
succeeded Leaves, by deep purple berries in autumn. dark broad, ovate, green, changing to rich purple in autumn. CULTURE : Soil, good or ordinary. Position, sunny shady borders in woodlands, banks, or ferneries. Plant, Oct., Nov., March, or April. in spring or Jin. deep in sandy soil outdoors Propagate by seed sown Flowers
division
autumn;
of
plants in Oct.
CULTIVATED;
SPECIES
aoinoaa
P.
March. or (Indian Poke), white,
5 ft.,Hima^ summer, 5 ft., N. America. (Virginian Poke), wMte, summer, Picea Hardy (Norway Spruce; Black Spruce)." Ord. Coniferae. trees. tered. Orn. foliage. Leaves, needle-shaped,spirallyscatevergreen thin-scaled. grained, Cones, erect, cylindrical, Timber, white, soft, fine-
layas;
decaadra
for sleepers, pit wood, headings for barrels, packing Average price per cubic foot, 6d. to 9d. Trees matured
used etc.
cases,
for fellingat 80 years of age. CULTURE: Soil, deep rich sandy loam. Position, high, dry, open lawns shrubberies from coast or sea ; Norway Spruce as a shelter away fruit for to larch and forest trees. or as nurses plantations, hedge Plant, Oct. to April. No pruning required. Propagate by seeds in temp, of 55" in March, in loam sown outdoors Jin. deep sandy or in April; cuttings inserted in sandy soil in cold frame in pota or under or hand-light outdoors, Aug. or Sept.; layeringshoots bell-glass in autumn branches or ; inarching or grafting in March. Quantity of seeds to
to
5s.
bed
sow
per
100 ft. square,
SJoz.
Average
price of seedlings, 3s.
1,000.
CULTIVATED: P. ajanensis, 70 to 80 ft., Japan; alba (Syn. Amies canadensis), 40 ft., N.E. America; alcookiana, 90 to 100 ft., Japan; eicelsa Columbia; Engelmannii, 80 to 100 ft., British way (Syn. Abies ezcelsa) NorSpruce Fir, 80 to 100 ft., N. Europe ; morinda (Syn. Abies smlthiana),' 80 to 100 ft., Himalayas; nigra (Black Spruce), 60 to 70 ft., N.E. America; orientalis) (Syn. Abies orientalis), Caucasus; (Syn. Abies pungens Menziesii). Blue Snruoe SPECIES
alba
and
70
80
to
"
ft., California.
Pickerel-weed PICOtee
"
Piedmont Piedmont
PieriS. First
(Pontedeira cordata)."See Pontedeira. (Dianthus caryophyllus). See Dianthus. Garlic (Allium pedemontana)." See Allium. Primrose (Primula pedemontana)." See Primula. Ericaoese. Ord. Hardy flowering shrubs. evergreen
"
introduced
OUTDOOR
1736.
CULTURE
;
Soil,equal parts peat, leaf-mould,or sUver
'
ENCYCLOPEDIA Band.
Position,
OP
OAttT"MNtNG.
Plant, sheltered borderSj rockeries or bogs. March. Prune Nov., or straggling shoots only moderately after flowering. Water freelyin dry positionsduring summer. POT CULT QUE: Soil, equal parts peat, leaf -mould, " fine silver sand. Position, well-drained pots in cold greenhouse, Nov. to June; in shady position outdoors, June Water to Nov. Pot, Oct. or Nov. moderately, Nov. to March, freelyafterwards. Propagate by seeds 1-16 in. deep in sandy peat in cold frame, Nov. sown or March; ing layershoots in Sept. ; division of plants,Oct. or Nov. SPECIES CULTIVATED: P. floribunda, white, spring, 4 to 6 ft.,Virginia; forand China; white, spring:,3 to 6 ft., Himalayas japonica, white, spring, moaa, 3 ft.,Japan ; japonica variegata, variegated. The species above mentioned formerly open
Sept. to
belonged to
the
Andromeda
genera
and
Zenobia.
Pig-eon-berry decandra)." See Phytolacca. (Phytolacca Daffodil Pigmy (Narcissusminimus). See Narcissus. Laburnum-tree Pigmy (CytisusArdoini)."See Cytisus. Sun-flower See Actinella. Pigmy (A";tinella grandiflora)." Water Lily (Nymphsea pygmaea). See Nymphsea. Pigmy Pi lea (Artilleryor Pistol Plant; Stingless Nettle). Ord. Tlrtiherbs. 1793. Stove perennial Orn. foliage. First introduced caceae. "
"
"
insignificant; unexpanded buds burst " dischargepollen. Leaves, minute.
Flowers, moisture CULTUEE
:
Position,
when
in contact
Compost, equal parts loam, leaf-mould, pots in partially-shaded part
small
with
like. Habit, graceful,fern-
of
stove.
"
silver
sand.
Pot, Feb.
to
afterwards. Temp., 55" to 65"; March to Sept. 70" to 80". Propagate Sept. to March surface of light sandy soil,slightlycovered with fine on by seeds sown mould " placed in temp. 65" to 75" in spring ; cuttings inserted singly in small well-drained pots of sandy soil in temp. 65" to 75", Jan. to May ; division of- plants, Feb. or March. P. muscosa, 4 to 6 in., W. Indies. CULTIVATED: SPECIES Pilumnna.^See Tricophila.
April.
Water
freely,April
to
Sept.,moderately
(Rice-flower).Ord. Thymelacese.
Pimelea
Greenhouse evergreen 1793. three CULTURE : Compost, partsfibrous peat, one part turfy loam, half a part silver sand. Position, well-drained pots in light airy Prune close moderately immediately after flowering. g^'eenhouse. Firm Pot commences. new soon as growth potting essential. Nip of young off points of shoots plants occasionallyto induce bushy "
First
floweringshrubs.
introduced
Water Grow freely,April to Oct., moderately afterwards. for few weeks after moist a then in a potting, atmosphere gradually ofi " place in an harden airy greenhouse. .Temp., Sept. to March, to Sept., 55" to 65". 40" to 50"; March Propagate by seeds sown in temp. 55" to 65", 1-16 in. deep in light sandy soil under bell-glass of in. 2 shoots, Feb. to May; cuttings long, inserted in compost young silver under two in temp. 55" of one sand, parts bell-glass part peat,
growth.
to
65", March SPECIES
or
April.
P. ferruginea (Syn. P. deoussata), pink, June, 3 ft., Australia; spectabilie,white
CULTIVATED:
Australia; rosea, 4 ft., Australia.
(Allspice;
Pimenta
Myrtaceae.
Stove
evergreen
Wild
Clove;
Leaves, sval, coriaceous, hairy, aromatic. CULTUEE
:
Compost,
two
Pimento
floweringtrees.
May, 2 ft., pink. May,
Bush).
"
First introduced
Ord. 1759.
Berries, aromatic.
parts sandy loam, 329
rose, and
one
part leaf-mould,"
BNOYOLOP^UIA one
Position, well-drained March. Pot, Feb. or
sand.
part
GAUmNttiil.
OP
pots
branches
with
beds
or
moderately, Oct. to Prune straggling April, freely afterwards. Syringe, April to Aug. 55" to 60"; shoots moderately in March. Temp., Sept. to March March serted to Sept. 65" to 75". Propagate by cuttings of firm shoots inin sandy soil under bell-glassin temp. 65" to 75" in summer. trained
wall.
to
Sl'KGIES
ft., W.
CULTIVATED:
Indies
P.
officinalis
;
Pimento
Bush
Pimpernel." Pineing^a,.
acris
Water
Cluve), white
(Wild
(Allspice),white,
and
10
summer,
pink. ft., W. Pimento.
to
See (Pimento ofiicinalis). Anagallis. Stove Palmacete. palms. "
20
20 May, Indies.
to
3(1
See
Ord. Orn. foliage. Firit introduced 18i8. Leaves, feather-shaped,green. CULTURE : Compost, one part loam, two parts peat, half a, part silver sand. Position, well-drained Pot, pots- in shady lofty stove. Feb. or March. wards. afterWater March to Oct. copiously, ; moderately to Sept.; once Syringe twice daily, March daily afterwards. Place few crystalsof sulphate of iron oil surface of soil occasionallyto insure deep green to Oct.. 75" to 85"; Oct. to foliage. Temp. March March 55" to 65". seeds sown Propagate by |in. deep singlyin 2-iu. of " under loam pots sandy bell-glassin temp. 75" to 85" in peat "
spring. 8PE0IES
CULTIVATED:
P.
15
ooronata,
Inijia: disticha, 6 ft., Malaya; gracilis,10 Philippines; sanderiana, 10 ft.
to
ft., Celebes; Dicksonii, 13 to 16 ft, 15 ft., India; maculata, 10 to 13 ft.,
Pincushion-flower
(Scabiosa atropurpurea). See Scabiosa. sativa). See Ananas. Apple-flower (Eucomis punctata). See Eucomis. Apple-scented Sage (Salviarutilans). See Salvia. Barren Beauty (Pyxidanthera barbulata). See Pyxi-
Pine Pine Pine
"
CAnanas
Apple
"
"
"
Pine
"
danthera. Pine Stravwberry Pine-tree." See
Ping^uicula Greenhouse
(Fragaria chilensis).See Fragaria. "
Pinus.
(Butter-wort; Bog
Violet).
hardy perennial herbs.
k
"
Plants
Ord.
Lentibulariaceae. tivorous to the insec-
belonging
class.
CULTURE
OP
GREENHOUSE
SPECIES: Compost, equal parts crocks. Position, well-drained moss, peat, sphagnum shallow under inverted of water in or on saucer pots pots pans placed in shade. or March Water Pot, bell-glass or hand-light April.
fibrous
"
clean
freely,April to Sept., moderately minutes daily every morning by March CULTURE
Temp.
to OP
55"
Oct.
SPECIES gravel for P.
rough vulgaris. Plant,
in
March
Mulch
summer.
March : Soil, rich alpina; moist to
April. thick layer or
with
air
Admit
tiltingbell-glassor
65=^;Oct.
HARDY
flora; peat " for P.
to
afterwards.
Water of
45" loam
peat
for
a
few
hand-light.
to for or
55". P.
grandi-
peaty
loam
freely in dry positions
cocoanut-fibre
refiise in
seeds
surface of shallow on sown filled with Propagate by May. pans equal parts of sphagnum moss, peat, " sand, placed under bell-glass" kept moist in temp, of 55"^to 65", Feb., March, or April; division of plants at potting or planting time. GIIEENHOUSK
HARDY
8P15CIES SPECIES:
grandifloi-a,blue yiolot. summer,
Pink
and \
P. caudata, o:ivmine, autumn, : li in.. Mexico. and alpina, white 4 in,, Europe yellow. May, (BritninU 4 in., Europe violet, summer, iBritain); -rulgaris(Bog Tiol't, 6 in., Britain. P.
to
'
(Uiauthus pliimarius).See Diauthus. "
330
ENOYCLOPJEDIA
GABBENING.
OF
Pinus (Fir; Deal; Tine Tree)." O'rd. Couiferae. Hardy orn.leaved trees. and free Leaves, Habit, pieturesque. Evergreen. and needle-like, two to five iu a wliorl. erect. Cones, conical " Soil and position, P. austriaca, laricio, montana, austriaca suitable for seaside gardens " ordinary soil : P.
CULTURE Pinaster
:
good town tree; P. austriaca, cembra, excelsa, Laricio, Pinaster, strobiis," sylvestrissuitable for chalky soils; P. austriaca, Kalepensis, laricio. Pinaster, pumilo, " sylvestrisadapted for gravelly or sandy soils; others in good ordinary soil; P. austriaca good shelter tree. a
P.
poorest soils, and on rocky slopes. purposes plant 10 to 15 ft. apart. Propagate by seeds sown Jin. deep m pots filled with sandy loam, iu April, transplanting seedlings placed in cold greenhouse or frame outdoors in following spring; or Jin. deep outdoors April in bed of moist sandy soil, transplantingseedlings the next year; grafting on common speciesiu April. USEFUL FACTS Timber reaches 200 : Average age, years. 8d. at 80 cubic 6d. to foot, maturity Average price per years. sylvestris will
Plant,
Sept. to
grown
For
Nov.
in the shelter
.
cubic ft. per ton, 74. 6d. to : Two-year old, 3s. Average price ; three-year old, 48. 5s. ; four-year-old,8s. to 10s. per 1,000. Timber, close-grained and in young state for props, matured resinous, used staves, etc. ; when in for deal Nov. Number of seeds per flooring, etc. Seeds ripe pound, 70,000. One pound of seed will yield 8,000 plants.
Weight
cubic
per
Number
ft., 301b.
of
of trees
COLTIVATED:
SPECIES cembra
P.
(Lace
bungeana
Bark
Pine),
70
ft., N.
China:
fornia; Europe; Coulteri, 60 to 70 ft,, Cali(Stone Pine), 100 to 150 ft., Central excelsa (Bhotan Pine), 100 to 150 ft., Himalayas; halepensis (Jerusalem Pine), 50 ft., Mediterranean insignis (Monterey Pine), 80 to 100 ft., Region; Laricio Laricio California; (Corsican Pine), 100 to 150 ft., S. Europe; nigricans (Syn. P. austriaca), i31ack Pine, 70 to 100 ft., N. Europe; pinaster (Cluster Pine), 60 to 80 ft., Mediterranean terranean Region ; pinea (The Umbrella Pine), 40 to 60 ft., Medistrobus Columbia; Region; ponderosa, 100 to 150 ft., British (Weymouth sylyestris (Scots Pine), 50 to 100 ft., N. Europe Pine), 100 to 150 ft., N. America; (Britain). Pinxter-flower (Rhododendron nudiflora).See Rhododendron. "
Plant). Piperaceae.
" Stove green greenhouse evershrubs. Orn. foliage. First introduced 1748. Leaves, large, blotched with white or bronze. or purple, marbled "green, or SPECIES OF STOVE CULTURE : Compost, two parts loam, one Position, well-drained part leaf-mould, half a part sand. pots in shade. Pot, Feb. to April. Prune slightlyinto shape,l''eb. Water Syringe twice daily, freely, April to Oct., moderately afterwards. afterwards. March 75" to to Oct. once to daily ; Temp., Sept. April 55" to 65". 85"; Oct. to March
Piper
(Pepper
GREENHOUSE
OF
CULTURE
"
SPECIES:
species. Position, well-drained or
Temp.
moderately, Oct.
Water
April. March
STOVE
Pepper),
to
in
Compost partial shade.
to
65";
Oct.
April; freely to
March inserted
as
for
stove
Pot, March afterwards.
50'^to
55". pagate Proin small by cuttings pots of 65" of in to March 75", to soil under temp, bell-glass July. P. Betle (Betle Pepper), green, climber, India; nigrum (Black SPECIES: green,
GREENHOUSE
white, 4
55"
Oct.
to
of
sandy
pots
to
4 to
6
ft., India.
SPECIES 6 It., Australia.
Pipe-tree Vine Pipe
half-ripenedshoots
:
P.
excelsum
aureo-piotum, leaves
(Syr^nga vulgaris). See Syringa. Sipho). See Aristolochia. (Aristolochia "
"
331
green
and
creamy
OF
ENCYCLOPEDIA
GARDENING.
Ord. Leguminosae. Hardy Pjptanthus (Nepaul Laburnum). First 1821. introduced flowering shrub. beries, sheltered shrubCULTUEE Position, warm : Soil, rich sandy loam. London. 6f England; against S. walls, N. of Plant, S. " S.W. Prune straggling shoots moderately after Sept., Oct., April, or May. in sandy soil in cool greenhouse flowering. Propagate by seeds sown in small cold frame in spring; cuttings of ripened shoots inserted or pots of sandy soil under bell-glassor hand-light outdoors, Aug. or Sept. ; layering shoots, Sept. or Oct. "
evergreen
SPECIES
5 to 10 ft.,HimalayaB. nepalensis, yellow. Bummer, Pistacia. See (Pistaciavera)." Tree).^ Ord. Anacar(Pistachio-nutTree; Mastich " deciduous trees. Flowering " orn. evergreen introduced 1656. Leaves, unequally feather-shaped,
OTJLTITATED
Pi^ta.ChiO-nut Pistacia
P.
:
"
diacese.
Hardy
foliage.
First
in young state. green ; reddish beries CULTURE Position, sheltered shrub: Soil, deep rich sandy loam. S. " S.W. Plant England; against S. walls, N. of London. Nov. species,Sept., Oct., April, or May; deciduous evergreen species, to Feb. Prune species,April; deciduous species, Nov. to evergreen Feb. or Propagate by cuttings inserted in sandy soil in cold frame under hand-light, Sept. or Oct. ; layering in Sept. SPECIES 40 ft.,Canary CULTIVATED P. atlantioa, leaves pinnate, evergreen, : Isles; Lentiscus (Masticli Tree), leaves pinnate, 20 ft., S. Europe; Terebinthns vera (Turpentine Tree), yellow, June, 30 ft., S. Europe; (Pistachio Kut Tree), brown, April, 20 ft., Syria. Water Pistia Weed; (Tropical Duck Lettuce).-^Ord. Aroidese. Stove 1843. Flowers, green, aquatic perennial. First introduced borne on Leaves, wedge-shaped, notched, spadix at base of leaves.
pale
hairy.
green,
CULTURE:
Soil,
stove.
Place
surface
of
2-in.
water.
tub tank in or Position, shallow of tub or soil on bottom tank " plant on occasionally. Add Replenish with tepid water to Oct. 70" to 85"; Oct. to March Temp., March rich
fresh soil annually. 60" to 70". Propagate SPECIES
P.
(Garden Pea;
Leguminosae. CULTURE
trenched
three first
between
manure
offsets. stratiotes, 1 to
Sugar Pea;
annuals. GARDEN PEAS
Hardy OF
previously
of
by
CULTIVATED:
Pisum
loam.
layer
and
Edible :
3 in., Jamaica.
Crown
seeded
or
Pea). Ord. Mummy " podded vegetables.
Soil, deep, rich
"
calcareous
loam,
spits deep " containing a thick layer of second spit. Position, open sunny, tected pro-
N.E.
Solid^Horse " E. winds. Suitable Manures: litter for heavy soils; cow or pig dung for light or Chemical soils. (1) Kainit 21b., nitrate of soda 51b., superphosphate of lime 91b., half of each to a square rod before sowing, remainder when plants are 6 in. high; (2)nitrate of soda IJlb., kainit No. 1; as l^lb., superphosphate l^lb., salt 31b., appliedsame 61b. to a square rod (3) native guano applied before sowing, " 61b. 3 in. high; (4) Peruvian when rod lib. for square plants are guano before Horse sowing, also 1 lb. when plants are 3 in. high. Liquid urine diluted with two-thirds " cow nitrate of soda Joz. to water; gallon, all to be appliedwhen ground is moist only " when pods have of formed. Direction E. to W. : rows S.E. to N.W. or for early just of sorts; N. to S. for main drills, to 3 Depth in.; width, crops. 2} Distance 6 to 9 in. apart for sowing the seeds: lin. each way for dwarf kinds; 3 in. for tall vars., arranged in sorts; 2 in. for medium from
dung sandy
or
N.
"
peat-moss
"
"
332
Colombia; aphelandrrfora, ft., Guadeloupe; musco.sa, 40 or There 1 ft., Brazil. are
and
zuola
to
1
May, summer,
3
or
Prune Water
1
species
little
of
merit.
see. (Sarraceniasand Nepenthes), house (Parchment-bark). Ord Pittosporiaceae.Green"
"
evergreen
introduced
First
half-hardy flowering shrubs.
1783.
two
Compost, parts Position, part silver sand. or in light airy sunny tubs greenhouse. Pot, March April. after shoots flowering. straggling moderately immediately sionally, Syringe occamoderately, Sept. to April,freely afterwards. Oct. to in when flower, summer. Temp., April, during except
GULTUEE
pots
other
more
ft., Brazil; fulgens, red. ft., Brazil; Tiolacea, Tiolet,
1
red, summer, red, winter,
whicli
Pitcher-plants Pittosporuin
fibrous
oAiumNiNO.
oP
nnuYoioPMDtA
OP
loam,
one
GEEENHOTJSE part fibrous
SPECIES:
peat,
half
a
Oct. 60" to 70". HALF-HARDY SPECIES: OP Soil, deep sandy loam. walls well-drained border S. S. " S.W. Position, against England; in cold border to outdoors. May to greenhouse, Oct. pots May; sunny Plant, March Oct., N. of London. or April. Propagate by cuttings firm of moderately shoots, 2 to 3 iu. long, inserted singly in small pots in shade in temp. 55" to 65" in summer. of sandy soil under bell-glass SPECIES P. eriooarpam, yellow, fragrant, summer, 6 to 10 ft. ; GBEBNHOUSB : Tiridiflorum, greenish yellow, June, 6 ft. HALP-HARDY SPECIES: V. crassifolium iParohmont-bark), purple, spring, 10 ft.. New 10 to 12 ft., Japan and China. Zealand; tobira, white, fragrant, summer, Deciduous. Ord. Amaryllidaceae. Placea.. Greenhouse bulbs. 1840. First introduced two CULTURE : Compost, parts sandy loam, one part well-decayed
4-0" to
50"
;
April to
CULTURE
"
leaf-mould,
" one sand. Pot, Aug. or part coarse below surface of soil in a 4^in. pot bulb Sept., placing point just three in a 6-in. pot. Good or drainage essential. Plunge pots to rim refuse in cold in coal ashes cocoanut-fibre or frame, " protect from frost until Dec, then remove Water to greenhouse. moderately from time growth begins until leaves decay, then keep quite dry. Repot of rest, Aug. annually in Aug. Season of growth, Jan. to Aug. ; season to Jan. Temp., Dec. to April 50" to 55"; Ap. to Aug. 60" to 70"; 35" to 40". Propagate by offsets in Aug. Aug. to Dec. CULTIVATED: P. 1 ft.; grandiSPECIES Arza;, yellow and purple, summer, 1 ft.; ornata, white and and crimson, summer, flora, white red, 1 ft. All natfres cow
manure
or
of
of
Chili.
Plane-tree. Plantain
(Musa sapientum paradisiaca).See
Plantain
Lily.
Plantain-tree Platanus trees.
Orn.
"
See
Platanus. "
"
See
Musa.
Funkia.
(Musa sapieulum paradisiaca). See Musa. Ord. Platanaceae. (Plane-tree). Hardy deciduous "
"
foliage.
First
iutroduced
1.548.
deeply lobed, coriaceous, pubescent;green CULTURE moist loam. ; Soil, deep rich
or
Leaves
more
or
less
variegated. Position, parks, avenues,
in towns, or in open Plane; streets, squares etc., for Oriental gardeus in country for London shrubberies Plaue. or Plant, Oct. to March. into shape when Prune desirable, Oct. to Feb. Plenty of moisture at roots essential; dry soil not suitable. Propagate by seeds simply in autumn pressed into surface of soil in moist position outdoors ; cuttings of shoots G to Bin. long inserted in moist soil in sheltered or positionin Nov. ; layering shoots in autumn spring. CULTIVATRn: SPECIES occidentalis (Western to 70 ft.,Orient.
P.
Plane),
70
acorifolia ft., N.
(London
America;
Piano), SO" orientalis
to 70 ft., Oricnl; c!l (Oriental Plane) '
334
ENOYCLOPJEDIA
GARDENING.
OF
Ord. (Elk's-hornFern; Stag's-horn Fern). 1808. ferns. First introduced greenhouse evergreen Fronds less broad, divided; resembles more or stag's horn. CULTURE : Compost, equal parts fibrous peat " sphagnum moss. Position, blocks of wood suspended from roof or sides of greenhouse or stove. Place with layer of moss roots plant on block of wood, cover " peat, " secure in position by means wire. of copper Top-dress in Feb. or March. Water copiously, annually with fresh peat " moss Shade from sun. Temp, April to Sept.; moderatelySept. to March. 70" to 80", March for stove species,55" to GS'^, to Oct. ; Oct. to March; to 60" to 70", March greenhouse species,45" to 55", Oct. to March; in also by spores sown Oct. Propagate by oifsets in Feb. or March; iu 75" 85". to sandy peat temp.
Platycerium
Pilices.
"
Stove
"
STOVE SPECIES: P. Java. GREENHOUSE SPECIES: alicorne
Hillii, fronds
much
graudc,
aloicorne
P.
Walliohii, Malaya;
Tropical Asia; (Common
Elk's-Iiorn
WilUnoltii,
Fern), Australia;
forked.
Orchidacese. Ord. Stove PlatycliniS. epiphytal orchids. First introduced 1836. tion, PosiCULTURE : Compost, equal parts fibrous peat " sphagnum. well-drained Water pots in plant stove. moderately Sept. to 60" to 65"; March to April, freelyafterwards. Temp., Oct. to March Flowers in centre of new Oct. 70" to 85". growth. Resting appear Propagate by dividingpseudo-bulbs " plants when period,winter. "
beginning
to
grow.
P. flliformis (Syn. Dendrochilum flliformis),yeilow, (Syn. Dendrochilum glumaceum), Philippines ; glumacea fragrant, greenish white, fragrant, spring, Philippines. Platycodon (ChineseBell-flower).Ord. Campanulaceee. Hardy 1782. First introduced herbaceous perennial. ders borwell-drained rich. CULTURE Position, : Soil, ordinary sunny seeds to rockeries. Oct. sown April. Plant, or Propagate by 1-16 in. deep in sandy soil in temp. 55 , March or Aug. ; cuttings, 3 in. inserted in small of shoots, singly pots of light sandy soil long, young division of in temp. 55" in March or plants in April. April; P. grandiflorum, blue, July, 1 ft., China and CULTIVATED: SPECIES Japan; Mariesii (white and dwarf). and its varieties alba (white), and Ord. Greenhouse Leguminosae. Platylobium (Flat Pea). Nat. First Australia. introduced Evergreen. flowering shrubs.
SPECIES
CULTIVATED: to Aug., June
"
""
1790. " little silver C ULTURE : Compost, three parts peat,one part loam sand. Position, well-drained Pot, pots m light airy greenhouse. shoots in spring to induce March. Feb. or Nip off points of young Water freely, April to Sept. ; moderately, Sept. to growth. 45" to 50". to March Sept. 55" to 65"; Sept. to March Temp., April. from to to mature outdoors shoots Stand July Sept. flowering plants 1-16 in. deep in wellfor following year. Propagate by seeds sown drained or April; pots of sandy peat in temp, of 55" to 65" in March soil under i n in inserted 55", bell-glass temp. sandy April to cuttings
bushy
July. .'iPECIES
yellow, June,
3
Platyloma. Platystemon
formosum, yellow Pelleea. P.
CULTIVATED:
ft.; obtusangulum, "
See
(CalifornianPoppy; First
introduced
Hardy annu^. C'XJT/TURp : Soil, good ordinary.
veracPEP.
yellow, summer, red, May, 1
and
335
Cream
3
to
4
ft;
graoile,
Ord.
Papa-
ft.
Cups). "
1833.
Position, sunny
be^s, boilers,or
gardening.
of
enoyclopjEdia
requiredto
seed Jin. deep in patches where Sow Thin in April. seedlings 1 to 2 in. apart when with decayed manure Mulch weather. in dry freely rockeries.
in
refuse
cocoanut-fibre
"
(Asclepiastuberoaa).
Pleurisy-root
"
PleurothallUS.
Orchidaceac.
Ord.
"
March
Syringe
See Aaclepias. Stove epiphytal orchids.
1826
CULTUEE: Compost, sphagnum Place of wood suspended from roof. of then another of plant, layer moss,
abundantly,
ft., California.
Tibouchina.
See
introduced
1
Coelogyne.
See
"
californicus, yellow, July,
P.
OULTIYATED:
PleJone. Pleroma.
sun.
or
grow Water
June.
SPECIES
First
iin. high.
Oct.,
to
blocks
2
or
3
only. Position, small blocks on block, then roots layer of moss
moss
"
with
secure
moderately
daily in
times
copper
afterwards. summer;
Water wire. from Shade once daily in to Nov. March
45" to 55"; Feb. March. to 55" to 60". Propagate by division, P. barberiana, SPECIES CULTIVATED: yellow, purple and white, spring, 4 to white, 6 April, Trop. America; yellow, purple and omata, ft., S. America; Roezlii, blood purple, spring, Colombia brown, ; punotulata, yellow, purple and spring, Colombia. See Prunus. Plum. Plumbago (Leadwort; Cape Leadwort). Ord. PlumtaginaceaB. First introduced " greenhouse evergreen Stove flowering shrubs. winter
"
autumn.
Temp.,
Nov.
to
March
"
"
1596.
STOVE SPECIES OF : Compost, equal parts fibrous peat loam each " sand. half Position, pots, shoots a leaf-mould, part to balloon in shoots trained to stakes trained borders, or or trellis, rately modeFeb. Prune shoots to wall in light part of stove. Pot, April. in Jan. Water freely,April to Oct., moderately afterwards. to Sept. Shade to from sun. Temp., March Syringe daily, March 55" 65". Oct. 75" March 85" to to to Oct. ; GEEENHOUSE SPECIES: OF CULTTJRE Compost, two parts each of silver sand. fibrous Position, pots, shoots loam, half a part borders with shoots trained trained to stakes trellis; or up rafters, in of house. Pot or plant, Feb. or March. pillars,or walls lightpart of base lin. to within shoots Prune immediately after flowering; of of current shoots Water flowers borne on year's growth. points to Sept.; moderately, Sept. to Nov.; copiously, March very little lants afterwards. Syringe daily until floweringbegins. Apply weak stimuweek Shade twice a during flowering period. only from very 55" to 65"; Oct. to March to Oct. 40" Temp., March bright sun. surface of sandy peat " slightly on to 50". Propagate by seeds sown fine sandy soil in temp. 65" to 75" in Feb. with covered or March; cuttings of side shoots, 2 to 3 in. long, inserted singly in 2-in. pots of sandy peat in temp. 60" to 70", Feb. to Aug. P. rosea, SPECIES: STOVE rose, winter, 2 ft., India. SPECIES; P. oapensis, blue, summer, 10 to 15 ft.. S. Africa; GREENHOUSE oapensis alba, white. SPECIES HARDY Ceratostigma. : See Plume Poppy (Bocconiacordata). See Bocconia. Fir Plum (Prumnopitys elegans)."-See Prumnopitys. CTJLTTJEE
"
"
Plumlera
(Frangipanni Plant). Ord. Apocynaceae. Stove evergreen First introduced 1690. flowering shrubs. CUIiTTJEE : Compost, two parts sandy loam, one part fibrypeat, half
a
part
"
silver sand.
Position, well-draibed 336
pots
in
lightstove,
ENOYCLOPJUDIA
GATIDBNINQ.
OF
Pot, Feb.
to April. Prune straggling shoots moderately close imm"-diately after flowering. Water to freely, March Oct., moderately afterwards. Syringe daily,March, " until flowers appear. Temp,, March to Sept. 70" to 80"; Sept. to March (35" to 75". Propagate by cuttingsof ripeshoots, 2 to 3 in. long, inserted in- small pots tilled with sand
under
bell-glassin temp. 65" to 75" in Feb. CULTIVATED: P. acutifolia, pink and white, fragrant, J"ly, 15 to 20 ft., Mexico; bioolor, wliite, and yellow, .Tuly,10 to 15 ft., S. America; rubra (Frangipanni Plant), red, July, 10 to 15 ft., Trop. America. SPECIES
Plumy
Heart See Dicentra. Bleeding: (Dicentrae-ximia (Tariegated Meadow Grass). Ord. GraminesB. Hafdy perennial flowering" orn.-foliagcd grass. CULTURE beds ot : Soil, ordinary. Position, edgings to sunny borders, or in clumps in borders. Plant, Oct., Nov., March, or April. POT CULTTTRE : Compost, two parts good ordinary soil,one part .-"
Poa
"
leaf-mould, half cool
greenhouse
Position jjart sand. window. Pot, March
a or
Oct.
to March, freelyafterwards. gate by division of plants, March
SPECtES CULTIVATED Europe (Britain).
Pod
Fern
Podocarpus hardy evergreen CULTURE drained. or
:
P.
triyalis
Repot or
4
in
or
"
pots in cold ct moderately, annually. Proprj
5-in.
April.
or
divide
Water
April.
albo-iittata,leave*
edged with
white, 6 in.,
(Ceratopteris thalictroides).See Ceratopteris. (Totara Pine)." Ord. Coniferaj. Hardy " trees. 1774. Orn. foliage. First introduced "
OF
HARDY
Position, sunny
SPECIES sheltered
:
half-
Soil, good, deep loam, wellPlant, Oct., Nov., March,
lawns.
April.
HALF-HARDY SPECIES OF : Compost, two parts loam, leaf-mould. Position, pots or tubs in light airy greenhouse. Pot or plant,March or freely.May to Sept.,moderately April. Water afterwards. Temp., Sept. to April 45" to 55"; April to Sept. 55" to 65". Propagate by cuttings of tirm young shoots inserted in small pots under of sandy loam bell-glassin temp. 60" to 70", summer. HARDT SPECIES: P. alpina, 10 it., Tasmania. totara HALF-HARDT SPECIES: P. peotinata, 12 ft.. New Caledonia; (Totara Zealand. Pine), New Ord. Podolepis. CompositsB. Hardy annuals " half-hardy First introduced 1803. perennials. Nat. Australia. OF ANNUAL SPECIES: OUTDOOR CULTURE Soil, ordinary. beds borders Sow rockeries. well-drained seeds or or Position, sunny 1-16 in. deep in well-drained pots of light soil in temp, of 55" to 65" in in flowering position, end of March, transplantingseedlings outdoors in sunny outdoors position end of April where required May; or sow CULTURE
one
part
"
to grow
"
flower, thinning
seedlingsto
3 in.
apart
when
^in. high.
ANNUAL SPECIES: OF CULTURE Compost, equal parts sand. 5-in. " Fill loaf -mould, pots to within J in. of rim sandy loam, " seeds thinly in March, with above firm sow moderately compost; Place in of 55" till of fine soil. with pots temp, sprinkling cover to cool greenthree or four leaves, when remove seedlings have formed house to 1 Thin in. modeframe. cold seedlings apart. Water or then in. 3 are high, freely. ratelv until plants PERENNIAL SPECIES HALF-HARDY : Soil, sandy OF CULTURE to " repot in Lift borders. or May Sept. loam. Position, sunny rockery in until greenhouse followingMay. (Sfstore away May be POT
Sept..
.337
successfullytreated by division sjjecies SPECIES
ANNUAL
pink,
as
plants
1 ft. SPECIES
summer,
PERENNIAL
:
Propagate, half-hardyperennial
also.
spring.
in
acuminata,
P.
:
annual
an
of
GARDENING.
OTP
ENCYOLOPMDIA
yellow,
ft. ;
1
summer,
aristata, yellow and
Aug., 3 ft white, summer, Berberidaceae. Ord. Apple).
gracilis,purple, lilac,and
P.
Podophyllum
(Duck Foot; May perennials. Orn. foliage. Fir.st introduced large, shield-shaped; divided, ornamental. "
1664.
herbaceous
Hardy Leaves,
CULTURE
Soil,
:
moist
peat.
woods,
Position, partially-shadedborders, or Plant, March April. Propagate
marshes, or bog gardens. or by division of roots in March April. SPECIES
P. Emodi : (Himalajan May Apple), white, May, peltatum (May Apple), white. May, 6 in., N. America. Daffodil (Narcissuspoeticus). See Narcissus. Laurel (Laurus nobilis)."See Laurus.
CULTIVATED
Himalayas Poet's Poet's
;
1
ft.,
"
Poet's Narcissus (Narcissus poeticus). See Narcissus. ing FlowerStove Poinciana. Ord. Leguminosse. trees. evergreen " orn. 1691. Leaves, fern-like, green, foliage. First introduced "
"
graceful. CULTUEE half
:
Compost,
part silver
a
two
parts peat
loam,
or
in
Position, pots
sand.
part leaf-mould,
one
lightpart
of stove
or
doors out-
Water Pot Feb. or March. freely,March 70" to 85"; to Oct., moderately afterwards. to Oct. Temp., March in light sandy 55 to 65". Oct. to March Propagate by seeds sown soil in temp, of 75" to 85" in spring; cuttings of short shoots young inserted singly in small pots filled with pure sand under bell-glassin temp. 75" to 85" in summer. CULTIVATED: P. elata, yellow, summer, 10 to 15 ft., Trop. Africa; SPECIES 20 to 30 ft., Madagascar. regia, crimson, summer, See Euphorbia. Poinsettia. Poison Ash (Chionanthus virgiuica).See Chionantlius. Tree Poison Bay (lUicium Floridanum). See Illicium. See Aglaonema. Poison-dart-," Poison Oak (Rhus toxicoudendron). See Rhus. See Combretum. Poivrea. Poke (Phytolacca decandra). See Phytolacca. Polemonium Greek (Jacob's Ladder; Valerian). Ord. Polemoniaceae. Hardy herbaceous perennials. CULTUEE loam. : Soil, good ordinary or deep rich well-drained
during July
Aug.
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
Position, drained
April.
Cut
off
in
annually P.
open
cseruleum
division
sunny for
borders other
species.
flower
stems
immediately
rockeries
spring with by
division
March
in
or
for
P.
cseruleum
"
Plant, after
well-decayed manure of plants in Oct.
;
sunny
March,
wellor
flowering. Top-dress leaf-soil. Propagate
or or
vars.
Oct., Nov.,
Nov.
;
other
speciesby
April.
P. CULTIVATED; oajruleum (.laeob's Ladder Greek or Valerian^ ft., Europe (Britain); ca-rulcum album, white; confertum, blue, 16 in., N.W. Mlnimer, America; fl.ivum, yellow, summer, 3 ft., Kow Mexico; bumile, blue, ,Tuly, 0 in., N. America; reptans, blue, spring, 0 in K \mcrica 1 ft. Kichardsoni,. blue, summer, SPECIES
2
blue, June,
Polianthes (TlieTuberose)." Ord. AmaryUid;icciT". Half-hardy bulbous plant. Flowers fragrant. First introduced 1629. ('ULTURE two : Conipo.st, parts fibrous loam, one of
part
of
African
American
leaf-mould, decayed kinds in Oct., Nov., " or
Pearl
varieties
"
manure
noc,
in Jan.,
;j'i8
to
coarse
flower
IV^li.,Marcli
equal
portions pro-
silver
sand Pot followinoautumni
to flowff ApriT,
ENO'OLOf.khiA
OP
foUovviiigwinter " spring. riant depth singly in a 5-in. pot, or three treatment ; (a) Plunge pots to their give one applicationof water only shelf near the 55" when in bloom.
to
4 in.
bulbs in
After
firmly.
Pot
a
until
their
two-tliirdM of
about
6-in. size. rims in bottom
heat, 75"
growth begins,
85",
to
then
"
remove
to temp. 50" to to 65", " remove bed of coal ashes in cold frame,
glass in temp. 55" (b) Place pots on
a
with
(lAilPBNINrl
until
growth moderately, " transfer forward most (c) Pot bulbs in plants to the greenhouse. above rim in April, plunge pots just a spot in garden, keep sunny in lift " moderately moist, Sept. or Oct., place in greenhouse to pots Water quently. flower. when in full Syringe foliage frefreely growth. stimiilants a or o nce Clay's fertiliser) Apply (|-oz.guano week when further After bulbs of no growing freely. flowering,
cover
begins.
cocoanut-fibre
After
this,
give
refuse, "
the
remove
fibre
water
no
refuse, water
use.
OUTDOOR border.
in
CULTUEE bulbs
Plant "
Aug.
Sept. CULTIVATED
SPECIES
:
Soil, ordinary rich.
Position,
sunny
warm
to April, to flower 3 in. deep " 6 in. apart, March fresh bulbs Plant annually. Propagate by offsets. :
P.
(Tuierose), white, fragrant,
tuberosa
autumn
and
winter, 3 ft., Mexico. TAllIETIES
:
Double
Polyantha. Polyanthus Polyanthus Polybotrya. Polygala
Italian, and Tlie Pearl. African, American, See Rosa. Rose multiflora). (Rosa Primula. See (Primula elatior). "
"
(Narcissustazetta).
Narcissus
See Narcissus.
Acrostichium.
See
"
"
herbaceous
(Milk-wort).Ord. Polygalacea?. Hardy "
perennials,greenhouse
"
hardy
evergreen
First
flowering shrubs.
"
"cULTIIRE sunny
OP border
"cUlJrDRE
SPECIES
HARBY or
rockery.
Plant,
Soil, sandy peat. ; Oct., Nov., or April. No
tion, Posiprun-
Compost, two parts pots in cool, peat, one part fibrous shoots Prune March. only Feb. straggly or Pot, airv greenhouse. afterwards. to moderately Sept., Water freely,April into shape, Feb. to Temp., March unnecessary. required. Shade stimulants No 50". 40" to hardy March species Propagate to 65" 55" to ; Sept. Sept under hand-light or in cold frame bv cuttings inserted in sandy peat in Sept.; greenhouse species by or by suckers removed ill autiimnin small inserted shoots pots of sandy peat under of 'yoi"g cuttings OP
SPECIES;
GREENHOUSE
Position, well-drained
silver sand.
in
bell-glass in temp, 55" to 65" anlENHOUSBsfrEOIES: P. myrti 8
\Moa; HARDY
spring. ." 4,+ to 6 ft., grandiflora purple, sprmj, 2 to 3 It., ,'^.Africa. June, and yellow purple oppositifolia, 6 in., Alps. yellow and purple, summer, P. Ghamabuxus, SPICUIES : baceous Liliacese. Ord. Hardy herSea!)." .
olia
(Solomon's Polygonatum perennials. Soil ordinary lightmould. CULTURE "
beds,
woodlands. borders,' or
annually
with
decayed
Plant,
manure
m
Oct
March.
p. MULTIFLORUM: ^^p'oT^CULTURe'oF lip-ht soil in 6
or
8-in.
pots
in
Nov.
until growth in frame or outdoors Water flower. to cold greenhouse March. or Nov., of roots in Oct.,
i-
"."
-"
n
i
i
j
Position, partially-shaded Nov.
or
March. Top-dress stimulants occa-
Apply Pot
roots
in
ordinary
refuse cocoanut-fibre heatedor to begins, then remove Propagate by division freely. Cover
339
with
OABDENtlfG:
OP
iiNCYOLOPMDIA
1 to 3 ft., K. and white, May, CULTIVATED: P. SPECIES biflorum, green (Dayid's Harp), multiflorum America; latifolium, white, July, 2 to 3 ft., Europe; Solomon's officinale Seal), white, May, 1 It., (Common white, June, 3 ft., Europe; There and April, 3 ft., Himalayas. Europe (Britain); oppositifolium, white green, are
double-flowered
forma
of
P.
and
multiflorum
of"cinale.
(Knot Weed). Ord. Polygonaceae. Hardy annuals, herbaceous perennials, " shrubby climbers. ANNUAL Position, sunny SPECIES OF CULTUEE : Soil, ordinary. seeds well-drained borders. Sow 1-16 in. deep in light soil in temp, in open in June; 6.5" in March, or sow planting seedlings outdoors stimulants border in in April? Water weather. Apply freely dry during flowering period. CULTUEE PEEENNIAL SPECIES: OF Soil, good rich ordinary. Position of P. cuspidatum " P. sachalinense in large sunny or shady moist of isolated borders, as ponds; specimens on lawns, or on margins Polygonum
"
covering arbours, pergolas,or tree trunks. rockeries. or on Plant, ordinary sunny borders with decayed manure Oct., Nov., March, or April. Mulch annually in March. Apply stimulants occasionallyduring July " Aug. Water Prune the dead copiouslyin dry weather. points of shoots of away P. baldschuanicum in early spring. Propagate perennials by seeds,as "
P.
P.
baldschuanicum in
for
vaccinifolium
for
advised
annuals,
or
by division
speciesby cuttings temp.
65"
to
75"
in
SPECIES: SPECIES
A".N'UAL
PEEENNIAL
in Oct.
of roots
inserted
in
or
March;
sandy peat under
house green-
in bell-glass
spring. orientale, rosy
P.
P.
Polypodium Filices. CULTUEE
Stove, OF
afSne,
purple, Aug.,
4 to 8
ft.,Tropics.
ft., Himalayas ; alpinnm, 3 ft., Himalayas; white, Aug., 4 ft., S. Europe; autumn, amplexicaule, rose, 10 to 15 ft., climber, Bokhara; baldschuanicum, white, autumn, compactum, white, 2 ft., tTapan ; cuspidatum, autumn, white, July and Aug., 6 to 8 ft., Japan; 8 to 10 sachalinense, white, summer, ft., Sachalin Isles; Taccinifolinm, rose, 6 in., Himalayas. Latter to tc grown aulumn, on a rockery. :
rose,
5 to
autumn,
8
(Common Polypody; Oak Fern; Beech Fern). Ord. greenhouse " hardy ferns. Evergreen " deciduous. AND STOVE GEEENHOUSE SPECIES: Compost, "
Pot, Feb. to April. equal parts loam, peat, leaf-mould, " silver sand. essential. Shade from Position, pots, baskets, or rock beds. sun Moist Feb. to moist afterwards. No Sept. ; moderately atmosphere, Water March to syringingrequired. freely, Sept. ; moderately, Sept. to March. No stimulants. to March Temp, for greenhouse species, 55" to 65"; Oct. Oct. to March 40" to 50"; stove species, March to Oct. 65" to 75"; Oct. to March 55" to 65". HAEDY OF CULTUEE SPECIES: Soil,
equal parts fibrypeat, silver sand for P. vulgare " decayed turfy loam, leaf-mould, k coarse sand vars. " small ; equal parts peat, loam, coarse lumps of sandstone for P. dryopteris(Oak Fern) " P. phegopteris (Bee5iFern); twothirds sandy fibry loam, one-third pounded limestone for P. dryopteris robertianum. Position, shady fernery,bank, or rockery for P. vulgare; dryish rockery for P. dryopteris" P. phegoppartially-shaded teris, dry partially-shady rockery for Eobertianum ; other species anywhere in
weather. above.
POT March. evergreen
deciduous
shade
in
ordinary
Top-dress annually CULTUEE
OF
HARDY
soil. in
Plant,
April with SPECIES
April. Water specialsoils
the
Composts as
above. Pot, frame. Water moderately at other times; after foliagedies occasionally :
Position, shady, airy cold greenhouse, pit kinds kinds
freely in
summer,
freelywhilst growing; 340
in dry described
or
MNOYOLOPMDIA CULTURE
Compost, equal parts
:
GAUDENING.
OF
fibrous
" half
" leaf-mould
loam
a
in
Position, well-drained
silver sand. pots Pot, Feb. or Marcli. Prune into shape immediately after partially-shaded part of stove. flowering. Water copiously, April to Sept., moderately aftervrards. to afterwards. to Oct., once Temp., March Syringe twice daily,March 60" to 70". Propagate by cuttings of Sept. 70" to S5" ; Sept. to March in sand under firm shoots, 2 to 3 in. long, inserted bell-glassin temp.
part
75"
to
85"
SPECIES
in
summer.
CULTIVATED:
fragrant,
grandiflora, white, June,
P,
8
to
10
ft.,W.
Indies.
(Cytisusalbus). See Cytisus. (Prunus lusitanica).^SeePrunus. Portulaca. Hardy (Purslane; Sun Plant). Ord. Portulacaceae. lane " half-hardy annual flowering" edible-leaved plants. Leaves of Purs1582. form excellent summer an salading. First introduced ANNUAL SPECIES: OF HALF-HAEDY Soil, good CULTUEE Sow Position, sunny rockeries, raised beds or borders. ordinary. of light sandy soil in well-drained seeds pot, box, thinly on surface fine soil " place in temp. 65 in March. with or lightly cover pan, formed three leaves singly into 2-in. pots, Transplant seedlings when in dry of May. Water end off, " plant outdoors gradually harden Broom
Portugral Portug'ci.l
"
Laurei
"
POT
silver
3 in.
Plant
weather. sand.
seedlings 1 Grow
in and
SPECIES
of
Stiw
CULTIVATED:
P.
thinly broadcast,
To watered. ensure Gather shoots to Aug.
up
off close
seeds
well
keep
month
a,
Soil, light, rich ordinary.
:
borders.
them
long, cutting
flower.
PURSLANE
well-drained at intervals
in
when
April,lightly rake sow
way.
;
stimulants weak OF CULTUEE sunny
apart each
Compost, equal parts loam, leaf-mould, " coarse above. Eaise Transplant plants from seeds as advised " filled with above in. apart in 5-in. pots, well-drained post. comWater in 55" 65"to near freely. glass Apply temp.
CULTUEE
grandiflora (Sun
various colours; grandiflora compacta, Tropical llegions; Tlrellusonii, scarlet, June, 8 Ord. Eubiaccie. PosoC|Ueria.
to
Stove
"
Fir.st
introduced
2 to 3 in.
Plant), yellow and purple, (Purslane), June, 12 in., Tropics.
oleraoea
Brazil;
shrubs.
when
of
succession,
ground.
the
to
a
Position, middle
evergreen
6 6
in., in.,
flowering
1815.
part peat, one part wellbeds in or decayed pots, Pot Feb. March. Prune into stove. or or plant, plant shape, Feb. March 65" to March. 55" to S5": to March to or Temp., Sept. Sept. AVater Oct. 65". to afterwards. Feb., moderately, freely Syringe in bloom) March to Sept. daily (except when Apply liquid manure ]?lants one old to two occasionallyto healthy plants in flower. years the best blooms. of firm side produce Propagate by cuttings young shoots, 2 to 3 in. long inserted in well-drained pots of sandy peat under bell-glassin temp. 75" to 85", Jan. to April. CULTUEE
:
manure
Compost, "
one
part loam,
charcoal.
one
well-drained
Position,
CULTIVATED; P. formosa, SPECIES 10 ft., Tenezuela; white, fragrant, summer, 8 to 10 fragrantissima, white, fragrant, ft., Brazil; summer, latifolia,white, Oct., 6 ft., Trcp. America. Potato (Solanum tuberosum). See Solanum. Potato Onion (Allium cepa aggregalum). See Allium. Potato-tree (Solanum crispum). See Solanum. Vine Potato (ipomaea pandurata). See Ipomasa. "
"
"
"
Potentilla
(Cinquefoil). "
Ord. 342
Eosaceae.
Hardy
herbaieous
MNtif'oLop^biA
oP
adiiDMMd.
Double perennials. P. potentillas are hybrids between insignia " P. argyrophylla atrosanguinea. CULTURE ; Soil, ordinary deep ricli sandy. Position, sunny rockeries for dwarf species (P. alba, P. alpestris,P. ambigua, P. calabria, P. nitida, " P. pyreuaica); sunny borders for tall kinds (P. argyrophylla atrosanguinea " vars., P. fruticosa, etc.). Plant, Oct., Nov., March or tall kinds with decayed manure April. Mulch annually in- March. Water copiously in dry weather. sionally occaApply stimulants during floweringperiod. 'Lift, divide, " replant border kinds in fresh soil 1-16 in. every three or four years. Propagate by seeds sown deep, in shallow pans or boxes of light sandy soil in temp. 55" to 65", March, transplantingseedlings outdoors in May or June; or similar depth in partially-shaded border outdoors in April; division of roots, Oct., Nov., March or April. SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
P. alba, white, spring:,6 in., Europe; alchemellioides, in., Pyrenees; 6 ambigua. yellow, summer, in., Himalayas; 2 to 3 ft., Himalayas; yellow, summer, arp-yropliylla, argyrophylla atrosanguinea, crimson; 3 to 4 U., Britain; fruticosa, yellow, summer, hopwoodiana, yellow and 18 in., hybrid; nepalensis, o*'.mson, rose, 18 in., Himalayas; summer, summer, 6 in.; Europe; nitida nitida, rose, summer, alba, white; nitida grandiflora, pink; nitida nitida beautiful rose atrorubens, rose. Many ; rosea, hybrids for which
wliite,
trade
see
6
summer,
lists.
Poterium Leaves used
(Burnet). for
Ord.
"
Eosaceae. Hardy salads, " wines.
flavouringsoups,
perennial herb.
CULTURE : Soil, ordinary light. Position, sunny dryish bed or border. Sin. asunder, Feb. Plant, 6 in. apart in rows Water freely in dry weather. Remove flower stems Roots directlythey appear. to be lifted " replanted annually. Propagate by seeds sown -^in. deep in drills Sin. apart, March, April,or Sept., thinning seedlingswhen 2 in. high, 6 in. apart. SPECIES CULTIVATED: P. officinalis (Syn. Sanguisorba and ofaoinale),green 2 ft., Europe purple, summer, (Britain). Pothos. Ord. Aroide^. Stove evergreen Orn. climbing shrubs. Pirst introduced 1821. Leaves, roundish or lance-shaped, foliage. yellow. green, or variegated with creamy "
CULTURE "
stems,
:
coarse
trunks
Compost, equal parts rough peat, sphagnum sand. trained Position, pots with shoots of
copiously,March
ferns
or
walls.
Pot,
Peb.
or
to March.
old
tree
Water
Oct., moderately afterwards. Syringe freelyall to Sept., Temp., Sept. to March, 60" to 65";'March from essential. sun Propagate by division of roots,
to
round. year Shade 80" to S5". March. -Feb. or the
tree
coal, char-
moss,
leaves P. CULTIVATED: argenteus, silvery grey, Borneo; aureus, yellow, Borneo celatoeauljs, stems variegated with ; clinging, Borneo ; scandens, steins climbing, India. See Calendula. Pot IVIarigfold (Calendula oflrcinalis). Marjoram Pot (Origanum Onites). See Origanum. Rose Prairie (Rosa setigera). See Rosa. Sun-flbw*fer Prairie (Helianthusrigidus). See Helianthus. Ord. Pratia. Campanulaceae. Hardy herbaceous perennial introduced 1879. First trailing plants.
SPECIES
leaves
"
"
"
"
"
CULTURE
OUTDOOR little sand. POT
CULTURE
leaf-mould
Soil, two
parts peat,
well-drained dry weather.
Position, sunny
Water
April.
:
freely in : Compost,
" silver sand.
two
one
rockeries.
part leaf-mould Plant, March
parts sandy loam, half
Pot, March. 343
Positioi:,cool
or
a
part cold
" or
each
green-
SNCYOLOPJSDiA house, frame,
window.
or
.
afterwards. Shade
weak
Apply
midday
from
sun.
GAMdMN'ING.
OF
Water freely, April to Sept., moderatelj stimulants flowering. occasionallywhen in. 1-16 seeds deep in sown Propagate by
equal parts loam, leaf-mould,
i^
sand
in
temp. 85", March;
cuttings
in well-drained pots, July to Sept., " young until in cold irame March, then planted outdoors. or greenhouse P. SPECIES littoralis),white, CULTIVATED: angulata (Syn. Lobelia 1 begoniaifolia), blue, in., ^ew begonisefoha (Syn. Lobelia Zealand; Himalayas. Cedar (Juniperus oxycedrus). See Juniperus. PricKly See Acanthophoenix. Palm." Date Prickly See Pernettya. Heath." Prickly Ivy (Smilax aspera). See Smilax. Prickly See Opuntia. Pear Prickly (Opuntia vulgaris)." shoots
of
inserted
stored summer, summer,
"
"
(Argemone mexicaua;. See Argenione. (Gunnera scabra)." See Gunnera. spinosa)."See (Spinacia oleracea Spinach
Poppy Prickly Rhubarb Prickly Prickly-seeded Spinacia.
"
Fern
Shield Thrift
Prickly
Prickly
(Aspidium aculeatum)."
(Acantholimon glumaceum).
"
See
See
Aspidium.
Acantholimon.
(Caesalpiniapulcherrima).
Pride-Of-BarbadOS
"
See
Caesal-
piuia. (Primula vulgaris). See Primula. (Auricula; Ox-lip;Primrose; Polyanthus).
Primrose
"
Ord. PrimuPrimula 1596. introduced First herbs. lacesB. Greenhouse " hardy perennial colour, blooms have one OP AURICULA; CULTURE Alpine type Florists' type, " free from white or yellow eye, stems smooth powder. than with blooms more with covered " blooms stems mealy powder; "
green-edged petals. Properties of foliage; florists' auricula : Stem erect, elastic,carrying truss well above to each stalk proportionately long to size of petals; pips (blooms)seven colour,
one
white,
"
grey,
or
" round; colours, anthers, bold; eye, white, smooth defined, rich; edges, distinct. Compost, two parts turfy loam, Position, one leaf-mould, half a part silver sand. manure, part cow in cool greenhouse; others choice kinds in Sin. pots in airy frame or
truss, round;
well
Water March. Pot " plant, Feb. or shady borders. in pots moderately times. in winter; freely other those Top-dress rich soil in March with not repotted. Apply liquid plants that were in a weak state to plants in flower. manure Propagate by seeds sown in pans of light rich soil,just covered with fine soil,in March, in cold irame or greenhouse; by offsets in Feb.
rich
soil in
CHINESE
OF
CULTURE
PRIMULA
:
First introduced
post, Com-
1820.
part fibrous
" decayed loam, half a part each of leaf-mould half Sow surface seeds in May on a cow part silver sand. manure, of a compost of two parts leaf -mould " one half a loam, part part sand, pressed moderately firm in a shallow pan or 6-in. pot, half filled with one
drainage. Cover over pot or pan soil just moist.
seeds "
thinly with
put in temp. 55"
to cold
foliagein
of
glass
Keep
Transplant seedlingswhen
apart in 3-in. pota, well drained " Still keep in temp. 55" to 65". other, place singly in 2-in. pots, transfer
similar soil. Place pane to 65". Shade from sun.
frame.
evening.
three lin. leaves form filled with compost advised for seeds AVhen leaves of seedlingsmeet each in for same keep a week, then temp,
Shade from Admit air freely sun. Transfer to 5-in. pots when well rooted. 314
Sprinkle
Replace
ENGYGLOP^DIA
GARDENING.
OF
in. frame, shade from water sun, moderately, " sprinkle foliage as before. of latter soot " 1 bushel Apply liquid cow or sheep manure " 1 peck of former to 36 gallons of water water two-thirds diluted with twice a week when well rooted. Water to temp. 50" freely. Eemove to 55" in Sept. air freely on Admit fine days. Nip off first truss of bloom if not required to flower before Nov. Temp, for flowering 50" When to 55". potting,allow base of leaves to just touch the compost. Pot moderately firm. Suitable artificial manures: ^oz. each sulphate of ammonia " kainit to 2 gall, of water. To be applied twice a week to plants established best in flowering pots. Single-flowered kinds raised from seed annually, rejecting old plants after flowering. Sow in June for spring flowering. Double varieties require to be propagated "
"
annually by cuttings inserted singly in small pots filled with equal parts leaf-mould, loam, " sand, placed in temp. 65" td 70", after advised as flowering; or by division of plantsin April. Culture same for seedlings. Temp, for flowering55" to 60". varieties Semi-double raised from seed as advised for singles. seed CULTUEE of raisingfrom OP P. OBCONICA mode : Compost " for P. sinensis. and advised same as general treatment Temp, for manure flowering45" to 55". Top-dress old plants with decayed cow in Feb. to promote spring flowering. to Repot old plants in March Old plants may flower in summer. also be divided in March. : Hardy herbaceous perennial. Soil, CpLTTJRE OP PRIMROSE rich moist. " beds or Position, wholly shaded ordinary partially borders. Mulch surface of beds Plant, Oct., Nov., Peb. " March. in Peb. Lift those grown containing choice sorts with decayed manure after flowering, in flower beds directly divide " replant 6 in. apart each in shady border until Oct., then replant in beds. Pot culture, as way advised for Polyanthus. POLYANTHUS CULTURE OP herbaceous : Hardy perennial. Supposed the primrose and to be a hybrid between cowslip. Plowers, and edges various; spring. Classification: Gold-laced, having centre blooms of various of bloom hues semigolden ; Fancy, ; Hose-in-Hose, bloom of out bloom another; Jack-in-the-Green, double, one growing surrounded by a collar-like calyx; Pantaloons, small, curiously-coloured blooms. Polyanthus : Pip (bloom) perfectly Properties of Gold-laced fliatand round, slightlyscalloped on edge, and divided into five or six Tube lobes or segments; or throat, thrum-eyed, that is, not showing centre of lobes or florets to be even the pistil;Edging and in width, of sulphur, lemon and of same shade or yellow as the eyes, and one shade of yellow only in centre; Ground or body colour, black or red; Outdoob Culture: for Same stiff, strong, erect. Plower-stem, as
Pot
Primrose.
Culture
:
Compost,
two
parts good yellow
fibrous
of equal proportions of thoroughly decayed manure, Pot in Aug. Place in snady cold frame " silver sand. leaf-mould in to frame north in a aspect after potting until Oct., then transfer Give to keep soil moist between south just enough water aspect. water air freelyalways, freely. Admit Aug. " March, afterwards in with weather. Feb. in severe Top-dress compost of equal except
loam,
parts
one
loam
part
"
decayed
cow
Apply
manure.
Transfer to July. March in flower. when Repot aspect Miscellaneous Peopagation :
week
equal parts peat,leaf-mould, "
to cold frame
annually. species by loam
345
weak or
stimulants
greenhouse
seeds sown in shallow or pans
on
with
once-
surface
boxes in
a
north of
shady
ENOYCLOPiEDIA
OF
GARDEN
IK
G.
division in spring; P. verticillata advised for P. sinensis,also by division " P. floribuuda as by seeds sown surface of on after flowering; primrose " polyanthus by seeds sown in March or in cold frame April; or light sandy soil, slightlycovered after in shady position in April, likewise by division outdoors flowering. GREENHOUSE SPECIES: P. floribunda, yellow, spring, 6 in., Himalayas; kewensis, yellow, spring, 6 to 12 in., hybrid; obconica, lilac, spring, 6 to 8 in., and sinensis spring, 6 to 9 in., China; (Chinese colours, winter Primrose), various China; verticillata, yellow, spring, 12 to 18 in., Arabia. HARDY auricula colours, 6 in., Europe; SPECIES: P. (Auricula), various variabilis (Polyanthus), various, spring, (i in., hybrid; vulgaris (Primrose), various, (Oxlip), yellow, 6 to 8 in., Britain; spring, G in., Europe (Britain); elatior Allionii, mauve, alpina, hybrid, violet-purple, April, rockery, sandy soil, Mentone; with soil ; altaica,Altai yellow eye, ]\Iountains, mauve May, rockery, sandy foliage, violet-purple rockery, san,dy loam; species, wrinkled capitata, Himalayan blue loam; clusiana, Tyrol, or flowers, autumn, rockery, moist partially shaded 6 to 9 in., rockery, loamy soil; cortusoides, Siberia, 6 to May, April and rose, layas; denticulata, Hima10 in., rose, June, sunny rockery or border, light, rich loam; 8 to 13 in.,bright lilac,May to June, sunny rockery or border, rich, wellmanured loam May ; alba, white, and cashmeriana, violet-purple, April and ; of Sikkim, it; elwesiana, purple, lilac, are pretty varieties pulcherrima, dark rose), and leaf -mould (Bird's Eye Primrookery, loam June, partially shaded ; farinosa and British July, 6 in., rockery, loam species, lilac with yellow eye, June 4 to 8 in., and species, golden-yellow, summer, peat, moist; floribunda, Himalayan orange-white eye, March rockery, ordinary soil ; Forbesii, China, rosy purple with districts and leaf -mould, hardy in mild to June, warm only ; rockery, sandy loam and peat, moist; grandis, glutinosa, Tyrol, bluish purple, June, rockery, sandy loam leaf -mould loam and 9 involucrata, in., rockery, Caucasus, yellow, summer, ; to June, 6 in., moist border, loam white, yellow centre, March Himalayas, creamy and loam; peat; integrifolia, Pyrenees, April to Jane, rockery, moist rose, borders, deep, japonica, Japan, crimson, June, 1 to 2 ft., partially shady moist rich loam (alba a pretty white variety) ; latifolia, Pyrenees, violet,fragrant, June, 4 to 6 in., sunny loam; Switzerland, lilac, rockery, sandy peat and marginata, S. Europe, rose minima, April and May, 2 to 4 in., rockery, moist sandy loam; or white, June, 2 in., rockery, moist sandy loam; Parryi, Rocky Mountains, purple, and yellow centre, spring, G to 12 in., shady rockery or bed, moist sandy loam loam; peat; pubescens, a hybrid, rosy crimson, April, 3 to 6 in., rockery, moist and (alba, Syn. P. nivalis, is a rare variety of the latter); purpurea, pretty white to June, 6 to 8 in., sunny Nepaul, purple, March rockery or border, sandy loam and Kashmir, leaf-mould; carmine, yellow centre, spring, 4 to 6 in., rosea, rosy loam and Sieboldi leaf -mould; (Syn. P. partially shady rookery or bed, moist with white April and May, 6 to 12 in., partially shady eye, amoena), Japan, rose and leaf -mould; sikkimensis, Sikkim, pale yellow, bed, well-manured sandy loam of water, drooping, fragrant. May and June, 18 in. to 2 ft., shady beds or margin leaf -mould; deep, moist spectabilis. Eastern peat and Alps, rosy purple, July, and 3 in., sunny leaf-mould; Stuarti, N. India, golden-yellow, rockery, sandy loam 9 to 15 in., shady loam and leaf -mould; sandy rookery or bed, moist summer, visoosa species, rosy purple with white (Syn. P. villosa),a Pyrenean spring, eye, 4 in., shady rookery, sandy loam, peat, and leaf-mould. Prince's-Feather (Amaranthus hypochoudriacus). See Aniacold
in March
frame
or
April,or by
"
ranthns. Pritchardia. First introduced CULTUEE
:
"
1870.
Ord. Palmacese. Leaves more
Compost,
Stove or
less
Orn. palms. fan-shaped,green.
foliage.
two
" sand. parts peat " one part of loam in of stove. Feb. to pots light part Pot, April. Oct. to March ; freely afterwards. Syringe twice
Position, well-drained
Water moderately, to Sept.; once daily, March to daily,Sept. to March. Temp., March 55" to 65". Sept. 65" to 75"; Sept. to March Propagate by seeds iin. deep in light rich soil in temp. 80" to 90", Feb., March sown or April. SPECIES wicli
CULTIVATED
Islauds;
Tlnirstoni,
:
4
P. to
4 auroa, 10 ft.,
to 10 ft., Fiji; Mnrtii, 4 Fiji; Tuylstekiana, 4 to
lsiaiul.s.
Privet
(Tjiffustrnmvulgaro\"
Seo
n4{3
Lignstrnm,
to 10
10
ft.. Sand-
ft.. Potomon
BNCXOLOtMutA
OP
Prophet's-flovwer
(Macrotoma
Protea. Ord. Proteacas. First introduced 1774.
GAUbMlNO. Sec ecliioides),"
Greenhouse
"
Macrctoma.
floweringshrubs.
evergreen
CULTURE : Compost, two parts light well-decayed turfy loam, one part equal proportions silver sand, charcoal, broken pots, freestone, " peat. Position,light airy greenhouse fullyexposed to sunshine. Pot, March. Drain of third vi^ith broken pots onedepth potsherds. Pot March firmly. Water afterwards, to Sept.,occasionally moderately, soil moist. No keepingj just syringing or stimulants required. Stand in outdoors plants position sunny during June, July, " Aug. Temp., 40" to 50"; March 55" to 65" to June frept.to March Propagate by cuttings of firm shoots cut off close to a joint,pared quite smooth, inserted thinly in small pots half-filled with drainage, " remainder with bell-glassin cool part of greenhouse in pure sand, placed under summer.
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
flora,white, May,
6
Provence
to
P. 8
Rose
Prumnopitys. trees.
CULTURE drained. or
in., S. Africa;
13
grandi-
^See Rosa. (Rosa gallicaprovincialis). Coniferse. and Hardy half-hardy "
"
Orn. OP
oordata, purple, spring,
ft., S. Africa.
Ord.
foliage. First introduced
green ever-
1863.
SPECIES: Soil, good, deep loam, wellsheltered lawns. Plant, Oct., Nov., March
HARDY
Po.'jition, sunny
April. CULTURE
OF HALF-HARDY SPECIES : Compost, two parts loam, leaf-mould. Position, pots or tubs in light airy greenhouse. Pot or plant,March or April. Water freely.May to Sept.,moderately afterwards. Temp., Sept. to April 45" to 55"; April to Sept. 55" to 65". in small shoots inserted Propagate by cuttings of firm young pots of sandy loam under bell-glassin temp. 60" to 70", summer. P. elegans (Plum Kr), Syn. Podooarpus SPECIES OULTITATED: andina, 40 to 50 ft., Chili, hardy; spicata (Black Pine), Syn. Podocarpus spicata, 50 to 70 ft.,
part
one
New
Zealand.
Prunella.
(Selfheal).Ord. "
CULTURE
:
rockery. replant every decayed manure or
Labiatse.
Hardy
herbaceous
nials. peren-
Soil,ordinary lightrich. Position, moist shady border Plant, Oct., Nov., March, or April. Lift, divide, "
in dry weather. Mulch with stimulants Apply during floweringseason. Propagate by division of roots, Oct., Nov. or March. CULTIVATED P. grandiflora, purple, ,Tuly and SPECIES : Aug., 6 in., Europe; alba and its varieties rubra, or webbiana (white) and (red); -vulgaris laciniata, purple, -Tuly,leaves finely cut, 1 ft., Britain. Prunus Double Chinese Plum; Myrobalan (Plum; Damson; deciduous Eosaceae. and Ord. PlumV trees " Hardy evergreen Edible shrubs. duced: fruit-bearing, flowering " orn. foliage. First intro2
Water
3 years. or in March.
"
and Peach nectarine, 1562; Almond, Laurel, 1629; Portugal Laurel 1648.
CULTURE over-rich south
or
Distances standard
OP
AND
PEACH
sandy loam,
well
NECTARINE: " free
drained,
mon 1548; Apricot,1548; Com-
from
walls, fullyexposed to sun. planting: Cordons, 18 in.; dwarf
south-west for
Soil, deep, but not Position, Plant, Oct. to Feb. fan-trained, 15 ft.;
manure.
15 ft. fan-trained, Depth of soil above roots, 4 to 6 in. each: of cost Cordons, Is. 6d.; dwarf fan, 3s. 6d.; trees, Approximate 7s. 6d. Prune, Jan. or Feb. half " full standard Fruit borne fans, on
old
spurs "
shoots
of
previous years' growth. 347
Do
not
shorten
the
latter
unless
bud.
Remove to
make
new
side.
each
Protect
blossoms
Feb.
March.
"
apart; with 3oz.
Train
of
fruit
decayed April soot
per
the
size of
for
hazel
nut
10
"
12 in.
apart.
to
to
carry,
artificial
magnesium sulphate, parts superphosphate forked into the soil pruning; (3) Jib. kainit, %\t".each
about
in
manures
March; of
muriate the
at
of
rate
netting
to
3
or
4
in
in.
Average Mulch
240.
stimulants
April. Apply
or
6
fish
tiffanyor
of a
tree
yard, applied
crude
front
size of
walnut
a
Suitable
Aug.
square
when
March
in
manure
to
sides
full-grown
a
April,
shoots,
young
of
out
by covering
fruit
off
of branches, " of previous year's shoots to 6 in. 3 to 6 in. long to the wall. when
shoots
frost
Tliin
i.e., rub
growing
those
young
from
again when
number
Fruit
Disbud,
issuing from
reducing those
shoots
ones.
buds, pointed, narrow. May, " June, removing
apart
of
proportion for
room
back
cut
previous year's shoots
small
a
if possibleto a triple tree. in. 2 to 3 apart all over fruit have borne that annually Wood buds, conical, downy.
Always
strong.
very
Train
GAUtonntnG.
of
moYoLop^DiA
sionally, occa-
(1) IJ oz. salt " 1 (2) part (by weight) potash, 18 parts bone :
of
7 lb.
per "
superphosphate
tree
after
nitrate
of
Liquid manure " cow 1 oz. to gallon; horse manure gallon; guano Glass: diluted one-third all applied in spring " summer. TJndee for outdoors. Soil, planting,pruning, manuring, same as Temp, for advised
soda, \\ lb. salt, applied as of
soda
Joz.
for No.
2.
:
Nitrate
to
"
forcing : Jan. 65".
40" when
to
50"
;
45"
Feb.
55" ; March
to
"
onwards,
55"
to
long. Syringe twice daily cease; commencing again when fruit forms, open, then " discontinuingwhen it begins to ripen. Ventilate freely in summer. Thin the size of a hazel the fruit when to 3 or 4 in. nut apart; " to foot apart. Water border as a again when large as a walnut May, July, " Sept. thoroughly in Jan. or Feb., again in March, Pots Trees post, : Comin Apply stimulants, March, May, July, " Sept. two a parts decayed turfy loam, one manure, well-decayed part Disbud until blossoms
shoots
quarter part crushed each
bushel.
Jan.,
when
in
spring
"
summer,
advised above. OF CULTURE
Position,
May
Duke
Bigarreau
to
remove
" "
"
or
so
tablespoonfulof superphosphate to
a
Stand
in a sheltered trees till corner Water at first, greenhouse. freely moderately in winter. none Pruning, manuring, etc., as
CHERRY:
early
the
Soil,rich, sandy; stiff or
standards,
Morello
inch
an
bones, Nov.
Pot,
are
kinds
pyramids, on
E.
S.
" "
able. gravellyunsuit-
bushes
sunny;
W.
fences;
" open walls or Plant standards
N. walls. or 25 ft. horizontal apart; pyramids, 15ft.; or fan-trained, 15ft.; bushtrained, 5 to 8ft.; cordons, 18 in. Cost of trees, each: Cordons, 2s. 6d. to 3s. 6d. ; pyramids. Is. 6d. to 2s. 6d. ; fan-trained.2s. 6d. to 3s. 6d.; standards. Is. 6d. to 3s. 6d. Time to plant, Oct. to Feb. for standard Stocks Depth for roots, 6 in. trees, seedlingDuke or Morello; for dwarf trees, Mahaleb Cherry. Mode of bearing: Morello bears fruit along full length of shoot of previousyear'sgrowth; other of shoots kinds at base only, called " spurs." Pruning : Standards, when branches too thick; pyramids " bushes, cut back simply remove all shoots to 3 in. in July, except those required to form branches, leave which 6 or Sin.; cordons, cut all shoots except leading one " fan-trained, cut back side shoots similarly; horizontal to 3 in., to 6 in. in July; Morello, remove old or leading cues weak shoots Winter consists of removal of only in Deo. dead pruning or overon
313
ENCYCLOPAEDIA
6d.
and staking, standards, 32s. ing Cost of cultivation ^"27. per acre
dE5; gathering fruit, "7. returns
bone-meal,
soda, 2J
cwt.
after
CULTURE south
:
Average
(gross), ^ElOO;
acre
per
Steamed
OP
;
dwarfs, 73. 6d.
;
total,
^"20
lias
to
manuring, Pruning, 20s. ; annual 7 tons. Average yield per acre, Manures ^"85. net, (per acre):
kainit, IJcwt., after pruning; nitrate
3cwt.;
fruit DAMSON
OABDENING.
OF
of
set.
:
Soil, moderately rich
deep
loam.
tion, Posi-
site. Shape of trees, standard, aspect, well-drained bush-trained 5 ft. apart; pyramidal, bush. Plant trees pyramidal, or Jan. 15 ft.; standards, 24 ft., in Nov., Dec, or Depth for roots, 6 in. weak old branches shoots " Prune in Dec, or simply cutting away of cost Manures, trees, etc., moderately shortening strong ones. same
for
as
plums.
APEICOT loam, containing : Soil, light well-drained rubbish. S. walls in Midlands Position, " plenty walls in the South. be bushes as or North; E. " W. May grown in sheltered standards Plant, Sept. to gardens in S. of England. for " ft. for fan-trained ft. 18 trees. Fruit 2 Nov., cordons, apart " old. Prune in shoots borne 3 on Jan., shortening years spurs, 1, 2, branches inch of their base. to within not an required to form new Summer in July, pinching back side shoots not required for prune future branches to two leaves. Disbud, in June, i.e.,rub off all young in flower with shoots growing out of front, of branches. Protect when Mulch with in hot, dry roots decayed manure tiffanyor fish-netting. in Water Feed with advised for seasons. summer. manures copiously 1 Pot Thin ft. fruit ovit to Culture Same : as peaches. early apart. for Peaches. CULTURE
OF
of
old
mortar
CULTURE Oct.
Plant,
lineal
stock
a
Feb. Trim
to
two-year-old. 7s. ; per
MYEOBALAN
OP
occasionallyas
1,000, 35s.
yard,
9d. ;
for
PLUM:
chieflyfor hedges;
Soil, ordinary. Position, sunny. apart to plant, 6 in. Size of plants,
Distance into shape, June to 40s. Cost of
trimming
Used
plums.
per
or
July.
planting
chain, 4d.
Cost
and
Makes
per
100, 5s. to
preparing soU per an impenetrable
hedge. CULTURE
ordinary.
OP
PORTUGAL AND shrubberies or for Portugal Laurel.
CHER,RT
Position, mixed
LAURELS: hedges for
Soil, good Cherry Laurel;
shrubberies Plant, Sept. to Oct., or in in Prune May. April, merely shortening straggly growths. Cheeey Hedge Cultuee Laueel site 3 ft. wide " 2 ft. deep, or : Trench of with soil. rotten manure Plant, 12 in. to 24 in. mixing plenty Cost of Cost of 15s. plants per 100, apart. preparing and planting lineal Prune in 9d. yard, April. per FLOWERING CULTURE OP SPECIES Position, : Soil, ordinary. well-drained borders or shrubberies; Almond tree. good town sunny lawns
Plant,
or
Oct.
Feb.
Prune growths after
to
shorten
only
to
cut
away
dead
wood
;
or
to
P. teiloba straggly : or flowering.Pot Cultuee two Compost, parts sandy loam, one part leaf-mould, half a part silver sand. Position, cold greenhouse, Jan. to June; outdoors, pots plunged
rim in garden soil, June to Nov. ; sheltered corner or pit,Nov. to Jan. Nov. Water Pot, to Oct., Repot annually. freely,March moderately afterwards. Apply stimulants occasionally, April to Sept. Temp, for forcing 55" to 65"
to
Pbopaqation
:
Peach
and
uectarine 350
by budding in
July
or
Aug.
Ml^OtOLOP^DIA
OP
GAliDENINO.
Seedling Almonds or Plums; Cherry by budding in July or Aug. Mahaleb Cherry for dwarfs, or seedlingcherry for standards; St. riums or by budding in July or Aug., on the seedling Damson ou
on
the
Julien
Plum, seed; Almonds
Plum on
reared
cuttings;
from
by
Darnsons
speciesby by Myrobalan Plum
seedling Plums;
other
the and ; Laurels inserted in sheltered border cold frame or seeds to produce new varieties. on
by
Myrobalan by budding Myrobalan Plum or
in autumn;
ding budtings cut-
all kinds
FllUIT-BEARING Porsioa SPECIES : P. (Peach),rose, April, 15 to 25 ft., China ; habitat Isovis (Nectarine) ; communis (Plum), white, spring, 20 ft., native Oerasua unknown; (Cherry), white, April, 15 to 20 ft., Europe (Britain), etc.; insititia Armeniaca 15 to 25 ft., N. China; (Apricot),blush, Feb. and March,
Pcrsica
(Britain); spinosa (Sloe),white, Jlarcb, (Damson), white, spring, 20 ft.,
(Bullace),white, April, 10 to 20 ft., Europe to 15 ft., Europe (Britain); spinosa
7ar.
Britain. PLOWEEING
(Almond),
10
SPE01EI3:
P.
Amygdahis
rose,
March
and
April,
SO
to
{Bitter amara ft., S. Europe; flore-pleno, double; Amygda-lus Amygdahis Jan. to dulcis March, (Sweet Almond); Almond); davidiana, Amygdalus rose, 10 ft., China; nana (Dwarf Almond), rose, March, 3 ft., S. llussia; Persica fiore flore albo roseo plena (Double Peach), rose, double, March, 10 to 20 ft.; Persica Avium flore foliis Persica pleno plena, white, double; rubris, leaves purple; (Double Gean (Britain); Cerasus Cherry), white, double, spring, 30 ft., Europe Uhexii flore pleno (Double Cherry), white, double, April, 20 ft., Europe; Japonica flore pleno albo Cherry), pink, April, 3 ft., Japan; pseudo-cerasus (Double Chinese (Syn. Watereri), white, semi-double, May, 12 ft., Japan; triloba flore pleno, silvery Padua May, 5 to 10 ft., China; (Bird Cherry), white. May, 20 to rose, double, and 30 ft., Europe (Britain); virginiaua (Tirginian Bird Cherry), white. May, 30 to 40 ft., N. America. BVBRGIIEEN SPECIES: P. Laurooerasus Cherry Laurel), white, or (Common colchica, spring, 8 to 20 ft., E. Europe, Orient, etc. ; and its varieties, caucasica. latifolia, etc.; lusitanica (Portugal Laurel), white, .Tune, 10 to 15 ft., Portugal. SPECIES P. cerasifera MISCELLANEOUS : (Myrobalan or Cherry Plum), white, cerasifera 15 to 20 ft., Caucasus; March, atropurpurea (Purple-leaved Plum), Syn. Prunus Pissardii, leaves, purple; communis Juliana (St. Julien Plum), white, March, 10 ft.; Mahaleb (Mahaleb or St. Lucie Cherry), white. May, 10 ft., Europe. Last 30
two
species used
as
stocks.
Pseudwpanax. shrubs.
"
foliage.
Orn.
Ord. Araliaceae. First introduced 1846.
Greenhouse
Leaves,
evergreea
hand-shaped,
shining. CULTURE : Compost, equal parts loam, peaty leaf -mould, charcoal, Water to Oct., modesand. rately Pot, Feb. to March. freely,March afterwards. to Sept. 55" to 60"; Sept.to Temp., March March 45" to 55". ing Propagate by grafting in heat in spring; insertportionsof roots in light soil in temp. 80" in April. P. crassifolium, 5 to 10 ft., Kew CULTIVATED Zealand. SPECIES : Stove Ord. Psidium Tree). (Guava Myrtacese. evergreen edible " First introduced 1692. shrubs. fruit-bearing. Flowering round Fruit or claret-coloured, pear-shaped, (berries)yellow or "
"
aromatic, edible.
Compost, two parts fibrous sandy loam, one part equal silver sand. " manure Position, well-drained proportions dry cow with shoots trained back walls of stove, warm to beds pots, tubs, or Feb. Prune Pot March. into or or plant, greenhouse, or vinery. Feb. Water to wards. Oct., moderately afterfreely,April shape annually, Syringe freely,March, until fruit begins to ripen,then keep occasionallyafter berries form Apply weak stimulants foliagedry. 65" to 75"; Oct. to March to Oct. until fruit ripens. Temp., March of firm shoots 2 to 3 in. 45" to 55". Propagate by cuttings young in temp. 75" to 80", spring oi' long, inserted in sand under bell-glass CULTUEE
:
summer.
351
OU' QAnumiNK}.
MNOtCLOPMDtA SPECIES
CULTIVATED Guava pomiterum
Brazil; Guava
pyriferum
:
(Common
Psoralea
10 to 15 ft., oattleianum, white, JUne, fruits flg-lilie, white, June, fruits apple-like,10 ft.; aud Guava), white, fruits pear-like, Trop. America. P.
(Red Guava),
(Scurvy Pea)." First
flowering snrubs.
Greenhouse
Ord. Leguminosae. 1690. introduced
green ever-
Compost, equal parts iibrous loam, peat, " silver sand. Prune Pot, Feb. or March. airy greenhouse. wards. afterinto to Water Feb. moderately Sept., freely, April shape, shade required. No stimulants or Good drainage essential. 40" to 50". pagate Proto Sept. 55" to 65"; Sept. to March Temp., March in inserted in. to of firm 2 3 shoots, long, pots by cuttings " sand, half filled with drainage, remainder placed layer of moss pure under bell-glassin shady part of greenhouse. May or June. COLTUEE:
Position, pots in sunny
SPECIES
4
summer,
(Hop
"
Flowering
"
foliage. First
orn.
green, CULTURE woods. or
Plant, Nov. seeds
by April; layering
Leaves, trifoliate,
1704.
deep
in
sunny
any time. P. trifoliata,green, leaves golden.
4
May,
8
to
Spider Fern). Ord. (Bracken; Brake-fern; Evergreen and deciduous. be cooked 6 in. long^ may
Pteris
pagate Pro-
to Feb.
shape,Dec.
in March
positionoutdoors
shoots
young
aurea,
into
Prune
to Feb.
^in.
sown
CULTIVATED:
SPECIES
trifoliata
introduced
variegated with yellow. Position, Open shrubberies, plantations, : Soil, ordinary.
or
or
3 ft., S. Africa; white, summer, P. aouleata, blue and ft., S. Africa; arborea, blue, June, 6 ft., S. Africa. trees. Hardy deciduous Tree). Ord. Rutaceae.
CULTIVATED:
pinnata, blue, Ptelea,
"
ft., N.
America;
Filices.
Stove,
shoots like eaten
Young
greenhouse," hardy ferns. of bracken, gathered when
and
Asparagus. CULTURE borders
OF
CULTURE
mould,
HARDY
Plant,
woods.
or
peat, "
plant, Feb.
or
Soil,ordinary.
:
Sept., moderately afterwards. 60" to 70". Sept. to March GREENHOUSE OF CULTURE
or
Compost, equal partsloam,
:
pots, beds, March.
Temp.,
Water March
SPECIES;
Position, pots, beds,
or
house.
HAEDT
Several STOVE
or
shady part abundantly, April to to Sept. 70" to 80";
Pot, Compost, as above. rockery in shady part of moderately Oct. to March.
or
Water
SPECIES
:
P.
aquilina (Brake
or
leaf-
in
rockeries
April. to Oct.; freely, March 55" March to to 65"; Sept. to March, 50" Sept., Temp., fine on sown by spores sandy peat in well-drained a0" any time ; dwarf by species division of plants, Oct. March
Position, shady
April.
SPECIES OP STOVE sand. Position,
Pot
of stove.
SPECIES
Bracken
Fern),
2
to
55". pans in
to
or
4
pagate Pro-
temp.
April. ft., JBritain,etc.
varieties.
P. SPECIES: aspericaulis, 6 to 8 in., India; aspericaulis tricolor, and red ; palmata nobilis, 1 ft., Brazil white ; quadriaurata argyrea, fronds with white centres, 1 ft.. Tropics. SPECIES: P. Bausei, hybrid ; erotica and its varieties albo-lineata, GKEEXHOUSE its varieties cristata, Kogina: Wimsettii, Tropics ; ensiformis, and Mayi, major and serrulata and scaberula, Kew Zealand; Victoriffi,Tropics; longifolia, Japan; (Trembling (Spider Fern), and its variety cristata, China, Japan, etc. ; tremula its varieties See also Smithieana, elegaas and variegata, Australia. Fern), and Pellara. fronds
green,
(AustralianFeather Palm). Ord. Palmaceee. Orn. foliage. Leaves, feather-shaped, very green, 1868. graceful. First introduced CULTURE : Compost,equal parts loam " leaf-mould, half a part silver sand. Position, shady part of stove, warm servatory; greenhouse, or conFeb. tubs. March. Water or or Pot, pots copiously, Ptychosperma. palms.
"
Stove
352
MofOLOp^DIA
Op
GABDENINO.
to Sept.. moderately afterwards. Syringe freely daily,March Oct. Shade from sun. Top-dresslarge plants occasionally with of cow manure. layer April to S'ept. occasionally, Apply stimulants March to Oct., 60" to 75"; Oct. to March, fc5" to 60". gate PropaTemp.,
March to
by seeds i"eb., March, SPECIES
^iu. deep in light rich soil
sown
temp. 80'-'to 90",
in
April.
or
CULTIVATED:
P.
elegans, 10 to 20 ft.,Australia; sanderiana, 10
to
20 ft.
Pulmonaria (Lung-wort; Blue Cowslip; Sage of Bethlehem)." Ord. Boraginaceae. Hardy herbaceous herbs. Orn. foliage. Leaves, lance shaped, green, spotted with white. rockeries or CULTURE: Soil, ordinary. Position, partially-shaded " borders. March Lift Plant, Oct., Nov., or April. replant in fresh soil every 4 or seeds 5 years. 1-16 in. deep in sown Propagate by soil in March or ordinary April; division of shady positionoutdoors, roots, Oct.
March.
or
SPECIES
P.
CULTIVATED:
1
ft., Europe;
1
ft., Europe.
red
and
Pultensea.. shrubs.
Ord. introduced "
First
CTJLTUEE silver
blue and pink, spring, or wort), Lung(Sage of Bethlehem (Britain); saccharata, pink, June,
angustifolia(Blue Cowslip),
angustifolia azurca, "violet,spring, 1
officinalis
blue;
ft., Europe
Legumiuosse. Greenhouse
flowering
evergreen
1792.
parts fibrous peat,
one part equal proportions charcoal. Position, light, airy greenhouse. Well-drained tial. Pot, Feb. or March. pots " firm potting essenWater Use soft freely,April to Sept.,moderately other times. water Stand only. No stimulants required. Shade unnecessary. plants in sunny positionoutdoors during July " Aug. Temp., Sept. 40" to 50"; March to March to July 55" to 65". Propagate by seeds of shallow well-drained surface filled with sandy peat, on sown pans, covered with fine peat, placed under bell-glassin temp. 55" to slightly 65 , MTarch or April; cuttings of firm shoots, 2 to 3 in. long, inserted in sandy peat under bell-glassin shade in temp. 55" to 65" in summer. CULTIVATED: P. oboordata, yellow, April, 3 ft.; rosea, pint, spring, SPECIES 1 ft. ; stricta, yellow, spring, 3 ft. ; "pillosa, yellow, spring, 3 ft. All natives of :
Compost,
sand
two
pounded
"
Australia.
(CucurbitaPepo). See Cucurbita. Ord. Lythraceae. (Pomegranate). fruit-bearingtrees. Fruits, roundish, golden red. Pumpkin
"
Punica
"
Hardy First
deciduous introduced
1548.
CULTUEE : loam, one Compost, two parts rich fibrous part borders manure. Position, well-drained thoroughly decayed cow against S. " S.W. wallsj S. " S.W. England; in tubs, pots, or borders, with
shoots
against back
trained in other
borne
trees
moderately surface
walls.
of
country.
Prune
cool
or
Plant,
cold
houses
Oct.
to Feb.
or
servatories con-
Train " fruit
of soil
in
weak
of
extremities
on
wall
shoots only. Blossom of shoots Water previousyear's growth. copiouslyin dry weather; indoor trees frequentlyin
thinly to
branches
parts
of the
autumn
annually
with
"
spring; give none
cow
\ in. deep
manure
in
in
March
in winter. or
door outmer; sum-
Mulch
April. Propagate
well-drained
pots of sandy soil in seedlingssinglyinto small temp. 55" to 65" in spring,transplanting doors pots " keeping in greenhouse until followingspring, then plant outin pots. Double-flowered to grow continue sorts by cuttings or of firm shoots, 6 to Sin. long, inserted in well-drained pots of sandy by
seeds
sown
soil in cold frame
or
time ; suckers 3i53
greenhouse any
removed
from
roots N
OP
lilNorOLOP^DtA
GAUDENING.
transplanted in Oct. or Nov.; layeringshoots single-floweredspeciesin March.
" on
SPECIES P. CULTIVATED: flore pleno, double Granatum ;
Oct.
grafting
Nov.;
or
Granatam
red, June, 13 to 20 ft., Persia;
Granatum,
dwarf.
nana,
Beech (Fagus ay Ivatica purpurea). See Fagus. Birch (Betula alba purpurea). See Betula. See Trifolium. Clover (Trifoliumrepeus purpureum). Echinacea. Cone-flower See Purple (Echinacea purpurea). Colchicum. Crocus See Purple (Colchicum autumnale). Elm Purple-leaved (Clmus campestrispurpurea). See TJlmus. Filbert See Purple-leaved purpurea). (Corylus Avellana
Purple Purple Purple
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
Corylus. Purple
Mexican Aster (Cosmos bipinuatus). See Cosmos. Orchis (Orchis mascula). See Orchis. Osier (Salixpurpurea). See Salix. Rock-cress (Aubrietia purpurea). See Aubrietia. Sand Verbena (Abronia umbellata). See Abronia. Side-saddle-flower See (Sarraceuia purpurea). "
Purple Purple Purple PurpBe Purple
"
"
"
"
"
Sarraconia. Tassels Toad-flax
Purple Purple Purple
See Muscari. (Muscari comosum). (Linariapurpurea). See Linaria. (Salixpurpurea). See Salix. "
"
Willow Wreath
Purple Purslane
"
(Petraea volubilis).
See Petraea. Portulacca. Liliaceae. Hardy
"
(Portulaccaoleiacea). See (Striped Squill). Ord. "
Puschkinia
"
First
floweringplants. CULTURE : drained border Protect Nov.
introduced
Soil, ordinary light sandy. or
rockery.
Plant
bulbous
1819. bulbs
4 in.
Position, sunny deep, 1 in. apart,
wellOct.
or
immediately planting with covering 1 in. deep of refuse cocoanut-fibre After or decayed manure. flowering remove surface Lift to to material, sun fully exposing protective ripen bulbs. 2 or 3 years. seeds " replant every sown Jin. deep in Propagate by well-drained shallow filled with soil in light sandy Aug. or Sept., pans in cold offsets removed " advised for old frame; as placed planted bulbs, Oct. or Nov. SPECIES CULTIVATED: P. soilloides (Syn. lihanotioa), white, striped with soilloides compacta, dwarf. blue, spring, 4 in., Asia Minor; Adonis Pyrenean (Adonis pyrenaica)." See Adonis. Lily
Pyrenean Pyrenean See
after
(Liliumpyrenaicum). "
Meadow
Saffron
See Liliuni.
(Mereudera
bulbocodium)."
Merendera. Violet
Pyrenean Pyrethrum Pyrola herbs. CULTURE moist
April.
(Viola cornuta)." See Viola. Chrysanthemum. Ord. Ericacesp. (Winter Green). Hardy See
perennial
"
:
Soil, equal parts peat, leaf-mould,
partially-shadyborders
or
rockeries.
"
sandy Plant,
loam.
tion, Posi-
March
or
Water
freely in dry weather. Lift, divide, " replant only when Propagate by seeds sown overgrown. thinly " slightlycovered with intended very fine sandy peat in position where to grow, March or April ; division of roots March or April. SPECIES
CULTIVATED: ivhite
media,
Avjonoa; summer,
8
in.,
Europe
oUiptica, white, fragrant, summer 4 summor, in., Brit;kiu; minor, white (Britain); rotundifolia, white, fragrant, summer P.
and
rod,
354
6
in
\
and" red' 6
in.
ENCYCLOPEDIA
Pyrus
(Apple; Pear;
Eowan
GARDMNING.
OF
Crab;
Cordons,
18
Beam
in.; bush-trained
sheltered
Position, open, Feb.
trees, 12ft.;
Aah;
deciduous
Hardy
Rosacese.
"
Mountain
Quince;
Medlar;
Tree; Tree). Ord. fruit-bearing" iioweringtrees " shrubs. CULTURE APPLE OP : Soil, deep loam. N.W. walls. E. or gardens, Plant, Nov. to White
ing: plantpyramids, 12ft.; fanfor
Distance
trained trees, 15 ft. ; espaliers, 18 ft. ; standards, 21 to 24 ft. from paths: Pyramids, 5ft.; bush-trained, 2 ft. 6 in. Mode
Distance of bear
of previous of shoots " base older branches on ing : On spurs formed from Fruit buds be year's growth. distinguished growth buds may Summer four leaves cluster. in a by having growing pruning ; Shorten about 1 in latent bud cordon trees to the second on Remove tiae their base in June; leave the leader unpruned. in " bushes of the shoots July; on points strongest young pyramids to the wall leave the weak untouched. Secure ones suitably-place.l " shorLsn future form shoots of fan-trained trees to branches, young of each in Allow the leaves to two ones extremity remaining July. two side or to unchecked shorten to " branch growths espalier grow
all side shoots
"
"
.
from
in July. Standards summer pruning. require no to winter secondary shoots of cordons pruning : Shorten further base within lin. of their in Sept.; no pruning required. of bushes " Shorten all shoots, except leading ones, pyramids to to 6 or Sin. in Nov. within in Sept.; leading shoots 2 in. of their base fan-trained 2 in. of base Prune all side shoots trees; to within on leading shoots, intended to form new branches, to 6, 9, or 12 in. in Nov. Espalierside shoots shorten to 2 in. in Aug. or Sept.; leaders at end of dards, 12 in. in Nov. branches to 6, 9, or Simply thin out branches of stanleaves
three
Autumn
"
quite open, newly-planted trees with
keep Mulch
centre
shorten
"
thick
any
layer of
extra
vigorous
manure.
shoots.
Root
prune third year fruitful. Gather fruit cordon, bush, " pyramid trees to keep them from vertical it to a horizontal a when, on lifting by the hand, tion, posithe tree. Store in dark, cool, frost-proof it readily parts from : manures (1) Superphosphate of room (temp. "l" to 45"). Chemical of 10 nitrate lime salt, 12 parts (by weight); potash, parts; common phate 4 parts ; sulphate of magnesia, 2 parts ; sulphate of iron, 1 part ; sulTo be appliedat the rate of \ lb. per square of lime, 8 parts.
vigorous unfruitful
trees
in
Lift
Sept.
"
replant every
in Marcli or April. (2) Equal parts (by weight) kainit, sulphate To be appliedat the rate of 6 lbs. of soda, " superphosphate of lime. Natural after manures : (3) Decayed cow tree manure pruning. per soil in Nov. surface roots of Dec. over or on (4)Poultry dung spread
yard
appliedin
in autumn manner. (5)Soapsuds appliedliberally urine " horse or cow manure Liquid (6) applied at any used for budding or grafting; Crab " seedling apple for
similar
a
winter. tinje. Stocks "
for Paradise trees. dwarf
standards;
English
for cordons
" very
3 in.
pyramids " bushes; French Paradise sorts by seeds sown Propagate for new graftingin March, or budding in July "
deep outdoors in March; to perpetuate existingvarieties.
Aug.,
Ma-bket
Obchaed
and
Position, land Plant, Oct. 302.
to
12ft. Cost of
dwarfs,
trees, ^"8;
March. Trees to
Culttjbe soil.: Soil, loam overlying cla.ysubS.E. or S.W., just above a valley. for planting: Standards, Distances 20ft. ;
sloping to
plant a planting a statute
preparing land, "S;
statute acre:
manure,
355
acre
Standards, 108 ; dwarfs, trees, ^"9; dwarf ^"8; planting and staking :
Standard
n2
standard of Cost
trees, 323. 6d. cultivation:
GARDENING.
OF
-ENCYCLOPMVIA dwarf
;
Pruning
gathering fruit, "7. Average yield per Manures; (gross),d"60; ditto (net),^645. kainit, IJcwt. per
acre,
applied when fruit applied in winter. CULTUEE
has
or
set;
20
acre
:
E.
of
walls for early sorts. to Plant, Nov. chemical advised " manures as stocks, except rate
:
Kainit,
of
4 lbs.
soda
;
average
"b;
return
per
manure
clay soil for
and
of soda, Icwt.,
nitrate
farmyard
garden
N.
at
tons
3 cwt., Superphosphate,
pruning;
tons
sheltered
trees; open espalier-trained
manures
6
: Soil, deep rich loam; walls, fences, or arches,
PBAES
OF
Position, S., W.
applied
after
or
."22.
trees, 7s. 6d. ; total cost, i"2C tc manuring, 20s.; annual acre, per
acre
unsuitable.
cordons,
fan,
or
for pyramids or bushes; Cultural Feb. details, for the apple. Chemical
parts (by weight) ; superphosphate,1 part. Apply March. or Apply also nitrate of per tree in Feb. 4
in liberal quantitiesonce per gallon of water Pear for standards; Stocks: Common quince Sept. for pyramids, bushes, " cordons. Market Orchabd Culture Soil, light loam over and : clay for apples. Average yield soil. Position and other details as advised 5 tons; return (net), ."35. acre, (gross), ."50; ditto per average Manures: " acre kainit, Bonemeal, 3cwt., IJcwt. per applied after of of 20 tons nitrate when fruit has 2^cwt., or soda, set; pruning; for advised the in winter. manure as farmyard Propagate apple. MEDLAPi tered CULTUEE OP : Soil, light,moist loam. Position, shelwalls fences. or on or or as orchards; garden espaliers grown for apples. Gather Plant in autumn. Prune espaliers as advised after one Store in any light,warm two sharp frosts. fruit in Nov. or excellent pagate Fruit makes place till semi-rotten, then eat. jelly. Profruit seeds in soil in heat is as sown as soon gentle by light in in Hawthorn or on or July grafting Quince ripe; budding April, at
the
rate
week, July
a
OF
CULTUEE standards
of \
oz.
to
QUINCE
in orchards or also be grown fan-trained advised for apples and as from other fruits. away outdoors
sown
when
seedling Quinces,
;
walls.
Plant
Position,
loam.
gardens, margins low-lying in
of
water.
as
May
Prune November. Gather fruit in Store pears. Makes nice jelly. Propagate by seeds a budding in July, or grafting in March on
against
ripe; Pears,
Soil, light,rich moist
or
Whitethorn
;
OF FLO WEEING SPECIES CULTUEE shrubs. Soil, ordinary. Position, sunny
layering in
autumn.
summer.
trees and Hardy deciduous borders for shrubberies or W. tall species;S., S.W., walls for P. Maulei. or of latter Fruit Plant, Nov. to Feb. Prune, Dec. to Feb., shorten species edible. of P. spectabilis to within 2 in. of ing previous year's side shoots to 12 in. Other 6, 8, or base, leading shoots species require no pruning beyond thinning out branches. Propagate by seeds sown 3 in. deep in sandy soil in sunny positionoutdoors in March; cuttingsof shoots in ordinary soil outdoors 8 to 12 in. long inserted in autumn;
layering in autumn; grafting in March. OF
CULTUEE trees
"
shrubs.
ordinary. to
Feb. P.
budding
on
common
MISCELLANEOUS Orn.
pear
SPECIES:
seeds
sown
fin. 356
or
quince in July;
deciduous Hardy and fruit-bearing. Soil, woodlands. or Plant, Nov. thinning out branches.' Propagate deep, " 1 in. apart in ordinary
foliage; also berry
shrubberies Position, sunny Prune, Deo. to Feb., simply
aucuparia by
:
well
Nov.,
to in
planting near
for
adapted
April;
or
heavy soils,
6
deciduous
in.; light
the
Q. Ilex
woods.
shrubberies, fields, "
well-drained
open,
OABDMNING.
OF
ENCYCLOPJEDIA
Plant
sea.
evergreen
Depth
Feb. Distance
Oct. ones, soils, 9 in.
to
apart
Q.
"
Cerris
kinds, Sept.
planting
for for
deciduous
for shelter, 6 to 10 ft. ; for used kinds ip in Dec. ; evergreen oaks hedges, in sand until stored in autumn, gathered April. Propagate by acorns when each 2 in. then " 3 Transplant sown m. way. March, deep apart " plant in permanent positionwhen one year old 12 iu. apart each way, on four old. Also choice kinds three or by grafting in March
oaks, 20
oaks, evergreen Prune deciduous
ft. ;
25
to
6 ft.
4 to
years
oak.
common
DATA
USEFUL
Average
its assumed
Cowthorpe;
cartwheel
work,
cabinet
:
largesttrees,
of
180
of oak
age
tree, 2,000 years.
Supposed
ft.
oak
oldest
iu used
meter Average diaEngland, the
Timber for building, 1,800 years. spokes, fencing, barge building, etc.; very
age
Average value per cubic foot. Is. 6d. to 2s. 6d. Weight of of cubic ft. per ton, 42. One bushel Number cubic ft., 53 lb. per Avoid oak trees during thunderstorms. of acorns will yield 7,000 trees. Average priceof oak bark per ton. Mi 10s. Average cost of fellingand Average harvesting bark per ton, ^1 10s. Average profitper ton, "2. for 150. number of cubic ft. of bark ton, prices Average seedling per durable.
oak
trees
to
cubic
old, 10s. to 12s. ; two-year old, 18s. to 20s. ; older, 25s. 1,000. Average cost of felling oak trees, 3s. per ton (42
Oneyear
:
30s.
per
ftf).
: Q. Ilex (Evergreen Holm (Cork Oak), 25 ft,/ S. Europe. SPECIES: DECIDUOUS (Turkey Oak), 50 Q. Cerris and Tarieties fulhamensis, laoiniata variegata ; coccinea
SPECIES suber
EVERGttEES
terranean Holly Oak), 60 ft.,Medi-
or
Region;
70 ft., S. Europe, and its (Scarlet Oak), 50 to 70 ft., Mirbeokii, 50 to N. America; (Burr Oak), 30 to 40 ft., N. America; macrocarpa 70 ft., Spain, and N. Africa; Oak, 100 to pedunculata (Syn. Q. Eobns), the Common 120 ft., Europe fastigiata (Cypress Oak), filicifolia (Britain),Asia; and its varieties rubra (Red Oak): (Fern-leaved Oak), and pendula (Weeping Oak), 50 to "0 ft.; 100 to 120 ft., Europe (Britain) and Asia. sessiliflora,
Quick
to
(Crataegusoxyacantha).- See Crataegus. Thorn (Crataegusoxyacantha). See Crataegus. (Pyrus cydonia). See Pyrus. See Chenopodium. "
Quick-set Quince-tree
"
"
Quinoa. Combretaceie. Ord. Stove Quisqualis (Rangoon Creeper). shrub. Deciduous. introduced First 1815. climbing flowering CULTURE two parts loam, one : Compost, part peat, " a little sand. Position, well-drained pot or tub, or in a bed with shoots trained up Prune rafters. shoots moderately close after flowering. Pot, Feb. Water of freely, April to Oct.; keep nearly dry remainder year. Syringe daily,April to Sept. Shade from mid-day sun only. Propagate by cuttings of young shoots taken off with a small portion of old in sandy soil in small stem attached, " inserted pots under a bell-glass in a temp, of 75" to 85" in spring. "
"
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
Q. indica. orange-red, fragrant,
summer,
10
to
15
ft.,
India.
Rabbit-berry Radish
(Shepherdia argentea)." See Shepherdia.
(Raphanus sativus). ^See Raplianus. ivy (Hedora helix rtegneriana). See Hedera. Ramondia (Rosette Mullein)." Ord. Gesiier;u'o". ceous Hardy herba1731. perennial. Flowering. First introduced OUTDOOR CULTURE: Two parts sandy pent, one part leaf-mould. of moist, well-drained Position, fisurea or recesses sluidy rockeries, or "
Raegner's
"
3.58
ENOYOLOPJEDIA
GARDENING.
OF
in
or partiallyshady peaty beds or borders. April. Plant, March oftener disturbed be weather. not Should in occasionally dry than is absolutelynecessary. POT CULTURE : Compost, two parts peat, one part equal proportions
Water
leaf-mould
Position, shady, well-ventilated or moderately or April 4J-in. pots. Water to No lants stimuafterwards. Sept., moderately April Eepot annually. of seeds the surface required. Propagate .by sown on sandy peat in well-drained pots or pans under bell-glassin cold, shady frame or or April. greenhouse,March to May; division of plants,March of
frames.
"
silver
sand.
Pot, March
SPECIES
in 3
CULTIVATED:
B.
Heldreichii,
pyrenaica (Uosette Mullein), -violet, sunamer,
Rampion
4
yiolet, to
6
(Campanula rapunculus). "
Rcincii"ii
Ord. Eubiacete. Stove First introduced 1733.
Climbing. CULTUEE
:
decayed manure plant stove. March. 65". Water
Compost,
Pot
part loam,
one
charcoal.
"
plant,
or
shrubs.
part peat, one part wellpots, or beds in
one
Position, well-drained Feb.
into
Prune
March.
or
to Sept. 65" to 85"; Sept. to Oct. to Feb., freelyafterwards.
or
Temp.,
(except when
moderately in bloom), March healthy plants in
March
flowering
evergreen
"
in., Thessaly;
3
summer,
in., Pyrenees. See Campanula.
to
Feb. 55" to
shape, March
Syringe daily sionally occaSept. Apply liquid manure
flower. old to two Plants one years side best blooms. Propagate by cuttings of firm young shoots, 2 to 3 in. long, inserted in well-drained pots of sandy peat under in temp. 75" to 85", Jan. to April. bell-glass SPECIES CULTIVATED: R. 10 to 20 ft., Trop. maorantha, yellow, summer, to
produce
the
Africa.
Creeper (Quisqualisindica). See Quisqualis. of (Crow-foot; Fair Maids of France; Pair Maids nuals; Butter-cup). Ord. Eanunculaceae. Hardy " half-hardy anherbaceous, tuberous-rooted, and aquatic perennials.
Rang^oon
"
Ranunculus
Kent;
"
CULTUEE
Dutch,
"
OF Scotch
part decayed
cow
TUBEEOUS-EOOTED
Eanunculus) for
manure
(Turban, Persian,
SPECIES
Soil, two
:
fine
parts good sandy loam " one blooms ; good ordinary soil,enriched for general culture. Position, open,
leaf-mould borders. Plant beds or varieties in Turban, Scotch, " Dutch sunny sheltered sian Oct. or Nov., in warm districts;end of Feb. otherwise; PerPlace tubers claw-side downwards 2 in. deep kinds, end of Feb. in beds; 2 in. deep " 4 in. apart in rows " Sin. apart if to be grown in lines in border. if to be grown Press tubers firmly in 5 in. asunder with fine soil. Protect soil " cover autumn-planted tubers with mulch Mulch in April with rotten leaves. of manure manure or or cocoanut Water fibre refuse. copiouslyin dry -weather. Sprinkle Peruvian of 1 oz. per square at the rate the bed leaves on yard when guano of nitrate each of manures oz. J soda, liquid Apply appear. phosphate, super" sulphate of iron to 1-gall. of water aweek from once flower until buds Lift tubers when flowers time leaves open. appear turn fade " leaves yellow-"generallyearly in July dry them in the in sand in cool place till planting time. " store away sun, SPECIES HAEDY OP : Soil, ordinary. Position, shady CULTUEE border. Oct., Plant, Nov., March or shady April. Lift, or partially soil in fresh Mulch " triennially. divide, replant annually in March with
rotten
manure
"
"
"
"
with
decayed
CULTUEE
shady
border
manure.
OF
TENDEE
at base
of wall
SPECIES: or
fence;
359
Soil, sandy peat. or
in
Po.sition,
pots standing in
shallow
of
enctolopjEdia of
pans Plant
in when
times as
soon
as
cool
in
water
frame
or
grown
ripe in
Pot, Feb. dry weather,
in
freely outdoors in pots. Repot annually. Propagate by filled or 1-16 in. deep in boxes autumn pans
parts loam, leaf-mould,
"
sand,
"
placed in
a
cold frame March.
or
March.
or
greenhouse.
Water
March.
gardening.
also
with
all
at
seeds
sown
equal
cool greenhouse;
kinds by division in Oct. or yellow, spring, 3 ft.. Canaries. SPECIES TENDER : 11. oortusiefolias, asiatious E. (Turtan, Persian, Frencli, Datch, SPECIES; TDBEnOUS-EOOTED 6 to 12 in.. Orient. Scotch and llanununculus), various colours, BUramer, aooniti12 to 18 in., Europe; R. white, May, HARDT SPECIES: aoonitifolius, cup flore pleno (Double Butteraoris of France), double: flore pleno (Fair Maids folius 1 to 2 ft., Europe (Britain); alpestris, Bachelor's Buttons), yellow, spring or 4 in., Europe; amplexioaulis, white. May, 6 to 12 in., S. Europe; white, summer, (Britain); bullatns, orange bulbous flore pleno, yellow, double, spring, 1 ft., Europe and Region ; glacialis, white tender, Mediterranean yellow. May, 1 ft., rather 6 in., Arctic Regions; gramineus flore pleno, yellow, spring,6 to rose, summer, 3 to 4 ft., Europe (Britain); 8 in., Europe; lingua (Spearwort), yellow, summer, Zealand; monspeliacus, Lily), white, spring, 2 to 3 ft.. New Lyallii (Eockwood pamassifolius, white, .Tuce, 6 in., Region; yellow, spring, 1 ft., Mediterranean herbaceous
"
.
,
Europe.
Rape (Brassica napus). See Brassica. Used Hardy annual. Raphanus (Radish)."Ord. CruoiferiE. white and 1548. introduced Flowers, First extensively for salads. white shades. crimson and round oval, or purple; May. Roots, lone, "
nary. RADISH: COMMON Soil, Ught, ordiOF first " last border for south sowing; cool, Position, warm for first crop in intermediate Sow for partiallyshady ones crops. and Bin. 1 in drills in. or Feb., either broadcast deep apart; succesuntil Oct. at intervals of a month eional crops in similar manner Longfor summer. " oval ones rooted kinds best for spring sowing; round Thin when to 1 in. apart. Water three leaves form copiouslyin dry for weather Seed required, J oz. square yard,or \ oz. for a row 50 ft. OUTDOOR
CULTURE
sulphate of ammonia, 2 oz. superphosphate, a once 4 oz. iron sulphate to 1 gall,of water ; to be applied time to from week seedlings are 1 in. high. (2) J oz. Peruvian guano 1 gall,of water applied as No. 1. (3) J oz. nitrate of soda to 1 gall, of water applied as No. 1. (4) \ lb. of native guano per square yard, hotbed of manure, forked in before sowing. cover a Forcing : Make long.
with
Manures
:
4 in. of
fine
(1)J
oz.
mould,
kainit, 1
"
place
oz.
a
frame
o/er
it.
Sow
seeds
thinly,
with mould, moisten with tepid water, " keep close until lightlycover good seedlingsappear, then admit air daily. Thin early to ensure be made in Dec, second in Jan., third in First sowing should roots.
Feb., and
to
use
March.
Long-rooted
as
CULTURE Introduced
May, when
fourth
in
advised for outdoor as Apply stimulants best varieties for forcing. Seeds germinate in for 5 to 10 years. retain vegetative powers 3 to 5 days and Crop reaches maturity in 5 to 6 weeks. OF SPANISH RADISH seeds in drUls 1 in. deep CULTURE Sow : Thin " 6 in. apart in July or Aug. seedlings when lin. high to 6 in. directed as freelyin dry weather, " apply stimulants apart. Water Lift roots in Nov. " store in sand for ordinary kinds. in a cool shed
kinds.
required. OF
RAT-TAILED
RADISH (R. caudatus) : Nat. Java. Sow seeds in drills lin. deep " 6 in. apart in April, June. Thin to 6 in. apart when 1 in. high. Gather seed pods or for with " or salads, pickling,mixing cooking eating,like grown 1815.
asparagus. Mabkbt
Cultubb:
Soil, light
rich.
860
Plough
or
dig
in
previous
MoyoLOP^DiA autumn
sowing
5 tons
of stable in 3 cwt.
harrow
GAiiDEI^Ilfd.
dp
dung
and
of kaiuit
2 cwt.
per
acre.
Before
i^ When crop superphosphate per half grown in. 1 in drills 1 Sow cwt. soda nitrate of apply per acre. " April for early crops; May, June deep and 1 ft. apart in Feb, March " July for late crops. beds Roll light soil before sowing. Sow also on hotbest for Jan. for very early crops. outdoor rooted kinds in Long Thin early crops; turnip-rootedfor later ones. crops early to 2 in. weeks after sowing; late to 4 to 5 apart. Early crops ready gather weeks. Market 12 6 in small bunches to roots, according to ones, (6 size and and sell the dozen bunches. by Average price per season), dozen bunches, 3d. to Is. Average yield per acre,, 1,200 bunches.
Quantity of ounce,
seed to sow 1,000. Time to
SPECIES CULTIVATED: tail Radish), Java.
"
Raphiolepis hardy evergreen
of
an
acre.
acre,
4 to 5
germinate,4 to 6 B.
satiTUs
pecks.
Number
of seeds
in
an
days. Iladisli),Europe;
iCommon
oandatna
(Rat-
Ord. Eosacese. Half-hardy (Indian Hawthorn). introduced 1806. shrubs. First flowering "
CULTURE " silver sand. Position, S. : Soil, equal parts peat, loam S.W. borders for half-hardy species; sunny walls, well-drained rockeries for hardy species. Plant, Sept., Oct. sheltered borders or into shape, April. Protect halfPrune shoots or April. straggling with mats hurdles. weatner straw or hardy speciesin severe POT OF CULTURE HALF-HARDY SPECIES: Compost, as above. in cold or Position, well-drained greenhouse pit, Sept. to May ; pots Water March. Feb. to or outdoors. Pot, place Sept. May sunny afterwards. No stimulants to quired. reOct., copiously April moderately inserted 2 3 of firm in. to shoots, by long, cuttings Propagate in compost oi equal parts sand, peat, " loam, under bell-glassor handlight in cold frame, Aug. to Nov. SPECIES; R. 10 to 15 ft., Japan. HARUT japonica, -white, fragrant, summer, HALF-HARDT SPECIES: i to R. indioa (Indian Ha-wthorn), white, summer,
"
8
ft., China.
Raspberry (Rubus idaeus).See Rubus. See Rubus. Raspberry-Blackberry." Rat's-tail Cactus (Cereus flagelliformis).See Cereus. Radish Rat-tailed (Raphanus caudatus). See Raphanus, Rattle-root (Cimicifugaracemosa). See Cimicifuga. Rattle-snake Fern (Botrychium virginianum). See Botry"
"
"
"
"
chium. Rattle-snake Ravenala
Plant (G-oodyerapubescens). See Goodyera. Stove green everTree). Ord. Scitaminacese. (Traveller's Orn. Leaves, large, foliage. perennials. very green. CULTURE : Compost, two parts good loam, one part well-decayed "
"
sand. Position, pots, tubs, or beds in lofty sunny to April. Water Jan. copiouslyFeb. to Oct, plant, about once Syringe twice dailyFeb. to Sept., fortnightly afterwards. Moist lants once atmosphere essential. Apply stimudaily Sept. to Feb. to Oct. to twice or three times weekly, March Temp., March 60" to 70. Oct. 70" to 85" ; Oct. to March Propagate by suckers removed from parent plant" placedin pots in temp. 75" to 85" any time of year. CULTIYATED guianensis, 10 to 15 ft.,S. America; madagaBcarensia SPECIES : R. (Traveller's Tree), 10 to 15 ft., Madagascar. Stove palm. Orn. foliage. Leaves, Ord. Palmaceaa. Ravenea. 1878. First introduced feather-shaped,green. " sand. CULTURE: Compost, equal parts peat, loam, leaf-mould Water Pot, Feb. or March. abundantly March Position,shady, moist. 361
manure,
"
steve.
PoE
part
one
or
"
ENCYCLOPJiDIA Oct.
to
afterwards.
moderately
J
GABDENtNti.
OF
March
Temp., Propagate by
60" to 65". Sept. to March of light soil in temp. 85" in March. CULTIVATED:
SPECIES
Hildebrandtii,
B.
seeds to
5
10
Sept.70"
to
1
sown
85";
to
deep
in.
in
pots
Islands.
ft., Comoro
Ravenna. Grass (Erianthus Eavennae). See Erianthus. Red Alder (Cunonia capensis). See Cunonia. Red Buckeye (iEsciilus Pavia). See JSsculus. Red-bud (Cercis canadensis). See Cercis. Red Californian Cedar (Libocedrusdecurrens). See "
"
"
"
"
Libo-
cedrus.
Red Red Red Red
Cedar
(Juniperusvirginiana). See Juniperus. "
Currant.
Eibes. amabilis). See See
"
Fir (Abies Helleborine
Abies.
"
See CepUalauthera. (Cephalauthera rubra). Red-hot-poker-plant (KniphoHa aloides)."See Kniphofia. Red-ink-plant (Phytolacca decandra). See Phytolacca. Red Maple (Acer rubrum). See Acer. Red Oak (Quercus rubra). See Quercus. Red Osier (Salix rubra)." See Salix. Red-root (Ceanothus americanus). See Ceanothus. Red Side-saddle-flOVtfer See Sar(Sarraceuia rubra). "
"
"
"
"
"
racenia. Red Star Red Valerian Red-veined Reed Grass Reed Mace Rehmannia. herb. First
Lily
(Lilium concolor). See Lilium. (Ceutranthus ruber). See Centrantlius. Rhubarb (Rheum Emodi). See Rheum. (Cortadeira conspicua). See Cortadeira. (Typha latifolia).See Typha. "
"
"
"
"
Ord. Scrophulariacese. introduced 1835. "
Half-hardy pcrenuial
OUTDOOR CULTURE : Soil, moist sandy peat. Position, partially at base of walls running E. " W. borders or or Plant, March Mulch April. Water freelyin dry weather. liberallywith cocoanutfibre refuse or decayed manure in April. In cold districts it is best to lift plants in Oct. ; place in pots " store in cold frame or pit until followingMarch, then plant out. POT CULTURE: Compost, two parts sandy peat, one part leafmould. Position, well-drained pots in cold frame, pit, or greenhouse. Water Pot, Feb. or March. wards. liberally April to Oct., moderately afterweak stimulants week a once Apply during floweringperiod. Shade from essential. bright sun Propagate by cuttings of stout, 2 in. 3 to in shoots, handhealthy long, sandy soil under bell-glass or
shady
light,in
cold
frame
or
greenhouse, July
CULTIVATED:
SPECIES
Japan. Reineckea.
R.
"
sinensis,
to
Oct.
purpfe,April,
Ord.
Liliaceae. Hardy foliage. First introduced
1
to
2
herbaceous
ft., China
perennial.
orn. 1792. Flowering Leaves or striped with creamy yellow. CULTURE: Soil, ordinary g;ood. Position, sunny rockeries variegatedvariety as edgings to borders. Plant, March
"
Lift, divide " weather. SPEOIUS
Japan
;
Rein
replantevery
three
Propagate by division CULTIVATED;
carnea
11.
or
of
ciivnoa,
four
green, or
ders; bor-
April. copiouslyin dry or
AVater in March or April. pink, fragrant, April, 6 in., China and years.
creepingrhizomes
varicgata, variegated.
Orchis
and
See (Habonaria eiliaris). "
302
Habeuaria.
ENCYOLOPJEDIA Reinwardtia
OF
(East
Indian
GARDENING.
Flax; Winter
Greenhouse
Flax)." Ord.
shrubs. First evergreen floweringCULTURE ; " Compost, equal parts loam March or April. Prune previous year's shoots base in Feb. or March. Position, warm
Linaceae.
1779.
introduced little sand. Pot, 1 in. of their to within greenhouse Sept. to June, cold
frame times.
June
Sept.
to
peat,
Water
moderately Oct. to March, freely stimulants to Sept. Apply weak Temp., Sept. to Feb. 55" to 65" ; Feb. to 65" to 70". June shoots in June to induce Nip off points of young serted bushy growth. Propagate by cuttingsof shoots, 2 to 3 in. long, inin sandy soil under in temp. 65" to 75" in April or May. bell-glass
sunny other
Syringe twice when in flower. occasionally
daily Feb.
SPECIES CULTIVATED: K. tetrag-yna, yello-w, -winter, 3 ft.; Linum 3 It. .Both ti-igynum), yellow, autumn, natives of India.
Renanthera.
Orchidaceae.
Ord.
"
shy-blooming plant. First OUIjTUEE : Fix plant to
Stove
trigyna
epiphytal
(Syn. A
orchids.
introduced 1816. blocks of wood or
of dead stems tree ferns wire. twice roots March to Oct., Syringe daily copper about Shade afterwards. once a week from mid-day svin ; expose fully to light other times. to Oct. ; resting period, Growing period,March Oct. to March. March to 65" 60" to 85"; Sept.to March Temp., Sept. to 70". division of time. at Propagate by pseudo-bulbs potting
by
of
means
SPECIES 8
CULTIVATED
;
11.
coecinea,
orange,
red, and
crimson,
summer,
4
to
ft., Burma.
Reseda
(Mignonette). "
annual.
First
Ord. Eesedaceae. introduced 1752.
A
perennial,but usually
grown OUTDOOR CULTURE: Soil, ordinary, containing old mortar or slaked lime. seeds Sow Position, sunny beds, borders, or rockeries. in March or rows or I in. deep in masses April. Thin seedlings when 1 in. high to 2 or 3 in. apart. Water lants freely in summer. Apply stimuas
an
occasionallywhen
in flower.
In
dry positionsplants will
warm,
the survive INDOOR
for several years. winter outdoors CULTURE : Compost, equal parts loam, old mortar " silver sand. Sow March or
manure,
flowering,July
Aug.
or
winter
for
5 or 6 seeds J in. of rim, sow in temp. 55" to 65". When
in
Fill
spring.
"
each,
cover
with
leaf-mould, dried April for summer
3 in.
pots to within soil," place
1-16 in. of
seedlingsare
1 to 2 in. high, transfer bodily disturb roots as little as possible. floweringpots (5in.). Pinch off points of main Water moderately at first,freely afterwards. of bloom is required. shoots 3 in. high if abundance when Apply to 1 gall,of water week from stimulants time a once J oz. ammonia till blooms flower spike forms expand. MIGNONETTE TREE : Insert cuttingssinglyin 2-in. pots in spring well-rooted. Nip Transfer to 55" 65". to larger pots when in temp. stem to grow feet high, then or one more off all shoots " allow main form at shoots Shorten let from side these " time remove apex. point, then is allow head blooms to form. until Water obtained, to time, bushy in when moderately in winter. Apply stimulants freelyin summer,
Pot
to
firmly "
"
"
annually.
Repot
bloom. SPECIES
R.
CULTIVATED:
odorata
(Mignonette), yellow and
Africa, Egypt. See Ononis. Harrovw. Rest Orchidaceae. Ord. Restrepia.
1 to
2
white,
summer,
ft., N.
"
Stove
"
ntroduced
CULTURE
epiphytalorchids.
First
1837. :
Compost, sphagnum
of wood suspended xrom of plant, then another
Place roof. of layer moss, 363
only. Position, small blocks on block, then roots layer of moss
moss
"
secure
with
copper
wire.
Water
abundantly March two Syringe blocks w'inter "
or
Nov.
Temp., Propagate by division,
CULTIVATED:
SPECIES
E.
maculata, yellow, purple and and crimson, winter, Colombia.
Resurrection
to
45"
March Feb.
from
Shade
Oct., moderately afterwards. times three daily in summer,
to
autumn.
55-' to 60".
GARDENING.
OF
EXCTCLOPMDIA
55"; March
to
sun.
daily
once
in
Nov.
to
March.
to
elegans, white, purple and yellow, Jan., Venemela; to Feb., Colombia; pandurata, white crimson, Nov.
(AnastaticaHierochuntica).
Plant
"
See
Anas-
tatica.
Retinospora,.
Cupressus.
See
"
" Rhamnus Hardy evergreen (Buckthorn). Ord. Rhamnaceas. deciduous trees " shrubs. CULTURE; or shady shrubberies; Soil, ordinary. Position, sunny Prune, Feb. Propagate Plant, Oct. to March. good seaside shrubs. outdoors in outdoors in autumn; sown cuttings inserted by seeds "
March. angustifoliu8 variegatus, IcaTes green catharticus and (Buckthorn), 5 to white, Europe; ft., 10 Europe ft., deciduous, Europe (Britain) ; frangula, 5 to 10 ft., deciduous, foliage, deciduous, Asia Minor. (Britain); libanoticus, 4 to 6 ft., pretty autumnal Greenhouse Rhapis (Ground Rattan Cane). Ord. Palmaceae. First introduced 1774. Leaves, fan-shaped, palms. Orn. foliage. striped with white. green ; variety,green CULTURE: part decayed leafCompost, two parts rich loam, one mould " sand. Position, well-drained pots in greenhouse or dwellingWater Pot, Feb. or March. during sunmer. room, copiouslyApril to Oct., moderately afterwards. occasionally Apply weak stimulants Place small during summer. lumps of sulphate of iron on surface of soil to ensure deep healthy green foliage. Shade from sun essential. times. other to once Syringe twice daily in summer, Temp., March 45" to 55". Sept. 55" to 65"; .Sept.to March Propagate by seeds sown 1 iu. deep in light soil in temp, of 80" in Feb. suckers March; moved reor
Sept.; by layering in Sept. or
soil iu
ordinary SPECIES
CULTIVATKD: 10 to 20
E.
Alatcrnus S.W. evergreen,
"
in
April or
SPECIES
August.
OULTIVATED:
B. flabelliformis,3 to 4 ft.. China and Japan, and its variety, variegata, leaves variegated; humilis, 3 ft., China. Rheum (Rhubarb). Ord. Polygonaceae. Hardy herbaceous nials. peren" Edible stalked orn. foliageplants. Leaves, large, hand"
shaped,
Roots,
green. OP
CULTURE sunny, 3 ft.
with
apart
in
divide,
in
first year. Cover two
place fresh strong roots "
in
"
place
Temp.,
55" old
to best
tree
75".
a
with
crowns
stalks
pots
in
corners
little soil between.
Forcing
or
season,
for
Nov.
to
in. below March.
should
of
tion, Posi-
surface,
Top-dress
soil.
Lift,
be
gathered
appear.
Foecing
headless
or
leaves over these close together in or
1573.
surface
directlythey
stems
greenhouse,
warm
No
years.
them
houses, with
mushroom
2
crowns
in Nov., Feb., Feb., forking it into
or
raaaure
"
with
ft. asunder,
Nov.
every four flower Remove old more year
or
introduced
Soil,light,deep, rich.
single roots
replant
"
staging
3
lovfs
First
RHUBARB,"
Plant
open.
manure
large, fleshy.
EDIBLE
casks
or
the ;
tubs,
in Jan. or Feb., or lift deep boxes underneath of dark cellars, in the moist and dark. Keep Feb.
Roots,
two
to
five
forcing. Reject forcing. Chemical 2oz. kainit, 3oz. superphosphate, i oz. iron sulphate to 1 gall, of water applied at intervals of a fortnight during growth (Griffiths).Propagate by seeds sown J in. deep in ordinary soil outdoors years Manures;
in
March
attached, Nov.
or
roots
April; by division
to Feb. 364
of
after
roots
vpith
crowns
or
buds
Sin. pots; cuttings of shoots to Aug. glass, in temp. 45" March 2
inserted
or
SPECIES reddish
CULTIVATED
purple,
Tolubile
E.
:
10
8ummer,
GAUDBNING.
OF
BNOYCLOPJSDIA
to
15
in
sandy
Lophosperaium
(Syn.
soil under
bell-
atrosanguincam),
ft., Mexico.
green Rhododendron. Ord. Ericaceae. Greenhouse, " hardy evercluded inis Azalea now and deciduous The flowering shrubs. genus with the Rhododendron. E. ponticum, parent of hardy kinds, first introduced 1763; E. indica (Indian Azalea) 1808. two OP CULTUEE EHODODENDEONS GEEENHOUSE ; Compost, Position, well-drained parts turfy peat, one part silver sand. pots or tubs indoors from all the year round for stove kinds ; pots indoors Sept. to June; outdoors bed of cinder ashes in sunny on position;June to ing. Pot, April or May, directlyafter flowerSept. for greenhouse kinds. Eain water Water freely April to Oct., moderately afterwards. preferable; water containing lime injurious. Apply a little artificial "
surface
to
manure
of
three or four every to March ; 70 to 80"
Sept. to March; CULTUEE free from sunny
kinds
soil when
years. March
55" to 65" OP HAEDY
lime,
to
for
stove
Sept.
EHODODENDEONS: soil
mixed
with
Soil, peat or loam Position, open
peat.
borders " shrubberies rookeries for dwarf for tall kinds ; sunny like E. hirsutum, E. chamaecistus, E. ferrugineum, etc. Plant,
Sept. to Feb. or Ajirii,3 pods.directly flowers fade.
to
6 ft. Water
with choice kinds 2 to 3 in. of flower flowers annually thin out cow
to
Eepotting only necessary species,55" to 65" Sept. greenhouse species,45" to 55"
show. for
Sept. ;
March
ordinary
or
buds
Temp.,
seed Prune, April. Eomove Mulch copiously in dry weather. in May. To ensure decayed manure buds freely in April. Apply liquid
occasionallyduring
manure
CULTUEE
THE
OP
INDIAN
apart.
summer.
AZALEA
: Compost, three parts peat, " equal proportions of leaf-mould silver sand. Position, well-drained pots in sunny greenhouses from Oct. to June; in partial shade outdoors June to Sept. Eepot directly after Prune flowering. Firm only to shorten potting essential. straggly growths. Syringe daily after flowering till plants are stood outdoors. Water moderately Oct. to March, afterwards freely,never when flower allowing roots to get dry. Apply weak liquid manure buds form. 45" to 55"; March 65". to June Temp., Oct. to March Eemove seed pods directlythey form. CULTUEE OP AZALEA Etc. : PONTICA, Soil, sandy peat " one
part
loam
"
one
part
of
leaf-mould. Position, beds on in groups of in or front lawn; shrubberies. Plant in autumn. No Eemove pruning required. seed pods directlythey form. Mulch annually in winter with decayed manure. in dry weather. Supply freely with water May also be in pots in cool greenhouses, forced into flower early in temp. or grown 65" to 75" in winter. Plants grown in pots should be kept under glass till July, then be stood outdoors till November, vi'hen remove to cold house frame. or Syringe foliage after floweringtill placed outdoors.
Eepot every
second
directlyafter
flowering. : Propagate rhododendrons of surface on by seeds sown with sandy peat, slightly covered fine sand, placed under bell-glassin temp. 55" to 65" if stove or if hardy. Cover kinds, in cold frame with bell-glass" Also by cuttings of firm shoots, 3 in, eep moderately moist. long, inserted in sandy peat under bell-glassin temp. 45" to 55" at first, PBOPAaATioN
OF
year
Ehododendbons,
Etc.
freonhouse
366
ENCYCLOPAEDIA then
10"
OF
GARDENING.
higher. By layering in Sept. or March. or speciesin a close frame propagator in
By
grafting on
Indian March. halffor of seeds advised as rhododendrons; by cuttings bellheel inserted in pots of sandy peat under ripened shoots with a in 65" deciduous to 75" in spring; also by grafting. Hardy glass temp. azaleas by seeds sown advised for rhododendrons; as cuttings of halfing ripenedshoots inserted in sandy peat in a cold frame in August; layershoots in spring; graftingin spring. common
azaleas
GEEENHOUSE
winter,
yarious SPECIES: EVERGllBEN colours, B. balsaminajflorum, i ft., hybrid; brookianum, yellow, spring, 3 to 4 ft.; Dalhousise, orange and and yellow, spring, 6 ft., Himalayas; Edgeworthii, white green,
yellow or fragrant, June, 6 ft., Himalayas; Falconeri, white yellow. May, 8 to 10 ft., and white Himalayas; formosum, grande, rose, fragrant, spring, 6 ft., Himalayas; indicum white, spring, 10 to 15 ft., Himalayas; indica), various, (Syn. Azalea winter indicum and amoena), amcenum spring, 6 to 10 ft., China; (Syn. Azalea ro""eflorum, pink, double; griffithiana (Syn. U. pink, 3 to 6 ft., spring; indicum jasminiilorum, pink, Auoklandii), whit", yellow, and rose. May, 6 ft,, Himalayas; 4 ft., Java; 3 ft., Java; Maddeni, blush, javanicum, summer, summer, orange, 2 ft., Sumatra; 6 to 10 multicolor, yellow, autumn, summer, ft., Himalayas; 10 to 15 ft., Himalayas; white, fragrant, Kuttallii, sulphur. May, veitchianum, spring, 6 ft.,Burma; Wightii, yellow and crimson, June, 6 to 10 ft., Himalayas; also trade lists. 4 ft., hybrid. See Taylori, pink, summer, R. HARDT EVERGREEN SPECIES white, rose, and red, spring, arboreum, : 20 to 30 ft., India; lilac, rose, April, 6 to 10 ft., Himalayas; campanulatum, cataubiense, lilac, purple, July, 6 to 10 ft., Virginia; cauoasicum, purple, Aug., 1 ft., Caucasus; ferrugineum (Alpine Rose), scarlet, June, 18 in., Alps; ponticum, parent of hardy race, purple. May, 10 to 15 ft., Spain, Asia, etc.; racemosum, and white HARDT
pink,
April, 3 ft., N.
DECIDUOUS
China.
SPECIES
R.
:
See
also
lists.
trade
(Syn. Azalea
calendulaceum
calendulacea),
yellow and red. May, 6 ft., U. States; flavum (Syn. Azalea pontica),yellow, June, 6 ft.,Caucasus; nudiflorum nudiflora), yellow, white, pink and orange, (Syn. Azalea mollis),white, orange, June, 3 ft., Canada, Florida, etc.; sinense (Syn. Azalea etc.,
June, white,
4
ft.,China fragrant,
and
Japan
summer,
4
; viscosum
ft., N.
Rhodothamnus
(Syn. Azalea
America.
See
(Ground Gistus^
"
First introduced flowering shrub. : Soil, equal parts peat, loam
evergreen CULTUEE between pieces of limestone Water freelyin dry weather. for rhododendron. advised as SPECIES
C QLTIVATED 6 in., Austrian
:
R.
viacosa). Swamp
also
trade
Ord.
Honeysuckle,
lists.
Ericaceae.
1786. " sand.
Hardy
Position, fissures
or Plant, March April. " seeds, by cuttings Propagate layering
on
rockeries:
chamreeistus
(Syn. Rhododendron
Chamjecistus),
Alps.
pink, spring,
(White Kerria). Ord. Eosaceas. Hardy deciduous 1866. introduced shrub. First flowering OULTUEE: Soil, good ordinary. Position, against S. or W. walla in May or June, cutting off Prune fences. or Plant, Oct. to March. shoots old or weak only. CULTUEE " POT : Compost, two parts loam, one part leaf -mould " water in cold Oct. Place After sand. Pot, moderately. greenhouse : flowering,placeplants in sunny positionoutdoors till Oct. Poboino Rhodotypos
"
Water moderately. Transfer plantsin temp. 55" to 65" in Jan. outdoors after flowering. Propagate by position plants to sunny cuttingsof young shoots, 2 to 3 in. long, inserted in sandy soil under layering shoot."! bell-glassor hand-light or in cold frame in summer;
Place
in
Oct.
kerrioides, white, April, 10 to 15 ft., Japan. PalmaceoB. Stove Ord. palms. Orn. foliage. RhopalOStyliS. First introduced 1827. Leaves, feather-shaped,green. " sand. CULTUEE loam, : Compost, parts peat, leaf-mould eq^ual SPECIES
R.
CULTIVATED:
"
Position, pots
or
tubs
in moist
shady greenhouse
or
conservatory. "
3"S
Pot^
gardening.
of
encyclofyEdia
copiously April to Oct. ; moderately afterwards. to Sept. Keep piece of sulphate May Apply stimulants ocea.sionally surface of soil to insure of iron on deep green foliage. Syringe twice afterwards. to Sept. Temp., March daily daily April to Sept., once seeds 1 m. 55" to 65". 70" to 85" ; Sept. to March sown Propagate by deep in lightsandy soil in well-drained pot in temp. 75" under bell-glass in propagator, March or or April. Feb.
Water
March.
dr
CULTIVATED: B. Baueri (Syn. Areoa Baneri), 10 to 20 ft., Norfolk Zealand. Kentia or sapida (Syn. Areca sapida), 10 to 20 ft., New Rhubarb (Eheum rhaponticum).^-See Bheum. Rhus Plant; Wig Tree; Stag's-horn Suma";h). (Sumach; Smoke Ord. Anacardiaceae. Hardy deciduous trees. Flowering " orn. foliage. 1629. First introduced Leaves, Foliage nicely tinted in autumn. SPECIES
Island;
"
entire, or
once
CULTURE
Plant,
:
Oct.
Feb.
to
others
divided, green. Soil, ordinary. Prune
Position, sunny
borders
or
flowering species moderately
shrubberies. ing; bloom-
after
in
Dec. Nov. or Propagate by cuttings of firm shoots, in ordinary soil in cold frame 6 to 8iu. long, inserted under handor to Oct. in. Nov. in. 2 to 3 .3 lon^, planted light, ; cuttingsof roots, deep in sandy soil, Oct. or Nov. ; layeringshoots in autumn. SPECIES CULTIVATED: E. canadensis, yellow, April, 6 to 8 ft., N. America; eotinoides Smoke rich (American assume Tree), yellow, April, 6 to 8 ft., leaves S.U. tints in autumn, States; cotinus (Smoke Plant, or \\'\% Tree, or Venetian and Sumach), purple, June, 6 ft., inflorescence foliage richly tinted in autumn, cotinus Europe; atropurpurea, foliage purplish; glabra (Smooth Sumach), yellow, June, 10 to 15 ft., U. States ; glabra laciniata, leaves finely cut, scarlet tinted in autumn; typhina (Stag's-horn Sumach), yellow, June, 10 to 20 ft., V. States.
Rhyncospermum." Ribbon-fern
See
Trachelospermum.
(Pterisserrulata).
See a rundinacea (Phalaris Red " Black Currant; deciduous fruit-bearing"
Hardy
gacese.
black, red,
Pteris.
"
Ribbon-gfrass Ribes (White,
variegata).
See Fhalaris. Ord. SaxifraBerries, flowering shrubs. "
Gooseberry). "
white.
CULTURE
OF BLACK CURRANT (R. nigrum) ; Soil, good ordinary. Position, sunny. Plant, 5 ft. apart each way, Nov. to Feb. Prune, Nov. to Feb., thinning out old shoots only. Fruit borne shoots of preon vious
growth
"
CULTURE
album). N. walls each way.
on
OP
older RED
ones.
AND
WHITE
CURRANT:
Soil, good ordinary. Position, sunny fences for late ones. or Plant, Nov.
Pruning
:
Allow
as
many
current
R. for
rubrum
"
early crops
Feb., 5 to year's shoots
to
;
r.
gainst
6 ft. as
R.
apart
are
quired re-
to form
branches to remain, " shorten remainder lin. to within of their base in June or the selected shoots to 4, 6, or July. Shorten 8 in., according to shape of tree, between Nov. " Feb. Cut out old distorted branches or at same time. centres of trees well open. Keep Fruit borne on base of previous years " older shoots only CULTURE OF GOOSEBERRY (E. grossularia) : Soil,good ordinary. for early Position, sunny crops ; against N. or E. -n-allsfor late crops. Plant, Nov. to Feb., 5 to 6ft. apart each way. Pruning: Shorten all weak shoots of current year's growth to within 1 iu. of base in June
July.
or
to 4 or 6 in July.
Thm in.
MANURES cow,
horse,
ifitosurface
out
remaining
Shorten
shoots in winter; side shoots of trees grown
FOR
shortening those against
walls
to
left 1 in.
CURRANTS AND GOOSEBERRIES: (1)Decayed in antumn, pig dung applied liberally " forked li"'ht]y of ground. (2) IJoz. each of superphosphate of lime ^
or
?63
EXCrCLOP.EDIA kainit
GABDENMO.
OF
" 1 oz. of jiitrate of soda yard appliedin autumn, per yard, applied in spring. (3) 1 oz. nitrate of soda, i oz. each of sulphate of iron " sionally superphosphate, to 1 gall,of water applied occa-
per square
square
during Market over
gravel
valleysfor an
under
of
trees
summer.
Cultube or
Soil, moist
;
chalk
for
red
black currants for others. ; higher land in mixed Distance to plantations.
plant
to
;
cultivation
an
1,210.
acre,
manure,
"5;
Cost
loam
gooseberries. Position,
and
crop
sites, J67
currants;
black
for
loam
currants
of trees
Usually
plant,6 ft.
per
acre,
planting, 14s.; total, ."24
grown Number
as
iS12; preparing 10s.
Cost
of
Digging hoeing, 32s. ; pruning, 22s. ; per per to ^65. gathering fruit, d66; manures, Average yield per acre, two ^16. three ^612 to "25 ditto to tons; returns ^630; (gross), (net;, acre
Manures:
20
3J cwt.
bone-meal
annum
"
:
in autumn stable manure or winter; or per acre in and and kainit cwt. IJ cwt. acre winter, IJ per nitrate of soda when fruit has set. OF CULTURE FLOWERING CURRANTS: Soil, ordinary. Posi Feb. Prune to Oct. tion, sunny. Riant, directlyafter floweringonly, with in autumn. decayed manure Propagate by seeds sown Top-dress in in in. fine soil outdoors deep Sept. or Oct. ; by cuttings ordinary J in ordinary soil outdoors, Oct. to Feb.; by 6 to .Sin. long, inserted in Feb. Nov. to suckers, autumn; layering K. FKUITING SPECIES: Hemispliere ; nigrum grossularia (Gooseberry), N. rubtum rubrum (Black Currant), N. Europe; (Eed Currant), N. Hemisphere; album (White Currant). E. FLOWERING SPECIES: anreum (Buifalo Currant), yellow, April, 6 to 8 ft., N. America; gordonianum, yellow and red, April and May, 6 to 8 ft., hybrid; Bang:uineum (Flowering- Currant), rose. May, 6 to 8 ft., California; and its varieties, album (rose), and (White), atrorubens (red), atrosanguinea (dark red), carneum flore pleno (double). carneum Fuchsia Riccarton's (Fuchsia Eiccartoni). ^See Fuchsia. tons
of
"
Rice-flower
See
Pimelea.
(Pimelea elegans). papyrifera). See Fatsia. (Fatsia Rice's Acacia (Acacia riceana). See Acacia. Richardia (Arum or Calla Lily; Lily of the Nile).--Ord. Aroideae. Greenhouse herbaceous perennials. OP R. AFRICANA CULTURE (Arum Lily): Compost, equal parts silver sand. " Position, greenhouse or coarse loam, cow manure, of year. nually Repot andwelling-room, Oct. to May; outdoors remainder in Aug or Sept. Water to March, freelyMarch moderately Sept to May. Apply stimulants once a week during floweringperiod. Plant 15 in. apart in ordinary rich soil in sunny positionoutdoors in May, in lift and repot in Aug. or Sept., singly 5 or 6 in. pots. Supply freely Suitable when outdoors. in dry weather with water stimulants, ^ oz. 1 teaspoonful of Albert's or of Peruvian Clay'smanures, J oz. guano, to 1 gall, of water. nitrate of soda or sulphate of ammonia Temp., to May 50" to 60". 40" to 55" ; March Sept. to March SPECIES: OTHER for E. afriOP as CULTURE Compost, same remainder of Position, greenhouse, Oct. to June ; cold frame cana. Water in Feb. Feb. to April " moderately annually Repot year. Apply Aug. to Oct., freelyApril to Aug.; keep nearly dry Oct. to Feb. 55" to 65" ; stimulants during flowering period. Temp., Oct. to March to Oct. 65" to 75". March ^ in. deep in loam, Propagate by seeds sown " sand, in temp. 65" to 75" in spring; division of plants leaf-mould suckers removed at outdoors or repotting; when planting pottingtime. Rice-paper
"
Plant
"
"
gPECIES
PptrfTT^ATSP:
afrioana
(Syn. Oalla Ktljiopipa), white, winter
369
and
of
enoyclopjEdia
gardening.
albo-maculata, africana dwarf; compaota, nana spring, 3 to 4 ft., S. Africa; yellow, Aug., elliotiana, 2 ft., loaTes white, summer, spotted white, S. Africa; 18 3 ft., S. in., 8. Africa; Africa; melanoleuca, yellow and purple, summer, Eehmannii, 2 ft., S. Africa; rosy reutlandii, ricti yellow and purple, summer, 3 ft.. Natal. purple, summer,
Jacob's Ladder Richardson's (Polcmonium Eichard^See Polemonium soni). Ricinus (Castor Oil Plant). Ord. Euphorbiaceac. Half-hardy annual 1548. herb. Orn. foliage. First introduced Flowers, insignificant. "
.
"
Leaves, hand-shaped, large, green, INDOOR
CULTURE
:
purplish.
seeds, previously steeped for
Sow
a
few
hours of 70"
tepid water, J^in. deep in pots of light sandy soil iu temp, leaves form 75" iu March, three transplanting seedlings when singly into 2-in. pots, " keep iu similar temp, until well rooted, then transfer to 5 or 6 in. pots, after which to cool greenhouse or remove dwelling-room. Water moderately. Shade from sun. in to
OUTDOOR
CULTURE Sow seeds " transplant into small pots as : frame Transfer Plant to cold or out, pit in May to harden. June. beds or borders. Position, sunny SPECIES E. CULTIVATED: 3 to 6 ft., Trop. Africa, and its seTeral communis, varieties, Gibsonii, zanzibarensis, etc. Fern Rigfid Shield (Nephrodium rigidum). See Nephrodium. River-side WindfloWer See Anemone. (Anemone rivularis)." RIvina (Blood Berry; Rouge Berry; Rouge Plant)." Ord. Phytolaccaceae. Stove berry-bearing plants. Pretty for table evergreen decoration. First introduced Flowers 1699. succeeded by scarlet berries. CULTURE " : Compost, equal parts leaf-mould sandy loam, half a Position, small, well-drained part silver sand. pots iu light part of stove, Sept. to June; cold sunny frames, June to Sept. Pot, Feb. Water March. or freelyApril to Oct., moderately afterwards. Apply weak stimulants from Shade Best sun. occasionallyOct. to Feb. results obtained by raising plants from seed or cuttings annually. 1-16 in. deep in well-drained Propagate by seeds sown pots or shallow of soil in 55" to good 65", light temp. placed spring; cuttings of pans shoots inserted in March in Feb., small pots of light or April young sandy soil in temp, of 65" to 75", spring. SPECIES CULTIVATED : R. liumilis,white, June, 1 to 2 ft.,Caribbean Islands. above.
"
Roast-beef-plant
(Irisfoetidissima)."See Iris. Robinia (FalseAcacia; Locust Tree).^Ord. Leguminosae. Hardy deciduous First introduced flowering trees " shrubs. 1640. CULTURE: Soil, ordinary. Position, sunny well-drained borders " shrubberies. Plant, Oct. to Feb. to Rose Feb. Prune, Nov. Acacia (R. hispida)may be grown against S. or W. walls, side shoots being pruned choice March
annually
varieties by kinds ; other
Nov. or March; soil in sheltered
1 in.
to
grafting by seeds
cuttingsof
on
of
base, Nov.
common
i in.
sown
shoots,
position outdoors
6 to
Dec. or Propagate species (R. pseudacacia) iu deep in ordinary soil outdoors, Sin. long, inserted in ordinary
in
autumn removed from ; suckers " planted Oct. or Nov. Nor ; lavering, Sept. or CULT^IVATED: SPECIES R. hispida (Hose Jlav C S ft to rose, S.U. States; hispida merrais, witliout prickles; uscmlacacia iLooint TreeFahe Acacia), white, April, 30 to 50 ft., E.U. States; and its varieties, aurea (sroldeibesaoniana leaved) and (round headed) ; deoaisneana (pink-flowered) etc
parent
tree
A5aoia)f
Robinson's
Iris
Rocambol."
See
(Morsea robiusonij^ua)." See Mora-a. AUium, 37Q
ENCYCLOPEDIA Rochea..
Ord. 1795.
"
First
introduced CULTURE :
GAUDENINO.
OF
Crassulacese.
plants.
succulent
Greenliovise
'brick rubble, dried Position, well-drained house, pots in liglitgreenclose to glass. Water Pot, March. freely, April to Aug. ; old plants Prune moderately, .4.ug.to Nov.; very little afterwards. after shoots when " shoots new to lin., flowering,shortening repot lin. long. March to March are to to 55" 65"; Temp., Sept. Sept. 45" to 50". in well-drained Propagate by seeds sown pots or pans of seeds in fine with mould, sandy soil, just covering temp. 60" to 70" cow
in March
water; then
April; seedlingsto be kept close to glass cuttingsof shoots, 2 to 3 in. long, exposed to sun
inserted
SPECIES
in
June, July, or
greenhouse
shelf
0ULTITATJ3D
white, spring, also
sand.
or
placed on See
Compost, equal parts sandy loam,
river
"
manure
the
Rock Rock
6
to
R.
:
9
"
Aug.
in well-drained
pots
little
have
" for of
few
days,
sandy soil,
very little water. scarlet, July, 1 ft., S. Africa; jasmlnea, versicolor, white, spring, 2 ft., S. Africa.
given
coccinea,
in., S. Africa;
Crassula.
genus
Brake-fern
(Cryptogramme crispa). See Cryptogramme. (Genista tiuctoria). See Genista. Candytuft (Iberissaxatilis). See Iberis. Cress (Arabisalbida and Aubrietia deltoidea).See Arabis "
Broom
"
Rock Rock and Aubrietia. Rock Daphne (Daphne rupestris).See Daphne. Rockfoil. See Saxifraga. Rock Forg^et-me-not (Omphalodes Luciliee).See Omphalodes. Rock Gromwell (Lithosperum petraeum). See Lithospermum. See Androsace. Rock Jasmine. Rock Knot-vweed (Polygonum vaccinifolium). See Polygonum. Rock Larkspur (Delphinium ajacis). See Delphinium. Rock Lychnis Lagascas). See Lychnis. (Lychnis Rock Mad-wort (Alyssum saxatile).See Alyssum. Rock Navel-Vtfort (Omphalodes Lucilise).See Omphalodes. Rock Pink (Dianthus petraeus).^See Dianthus. Rock Purslane (Calandriniaumbellata). See Calandrinia. Rock Rose. See Cistus. Rock Soap-wort (Saponariaocymoides). See Saponaria. Rock Speedwell (veronica saxatilis " V. rupestris).See "
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
Veronica. Rock Rock Rock Rock Rock
Rocky
Spieenvwort Stonecrop Wallflower
Wood-Lily Yarrow Mountain
(Asplenium fontauum). See Asplenium. (Sedum rupestre).".'See Sedum. (Erysimum pulchellum). See Erysimum. (Eanunculus Lyalli). See Ranunculus. (Achillearupestris).See Achillea. Columbine (Aquilegiacserulea). See "
"
"
"
"
Aquilegia. Roasters' Rodgersia. Rodg^ersia
Bronze-leaf
very large, CULTDRE:
or
litter.
See
"
"
bronzy green. Compost, Protect
two
parts peat,
Plant, March
border. partially-shaded
dry
podophylla).
(Rodgers'Bronze-leaf).Ord. Saxifragacese. Hardy Leaves, perennial. Orn. foliage. First introduced 1880.
herbaceous
weather.
(Rodgersia
in
Propagate by
one
weather division of rhizomes, severe
371
part
loam.
April. Water with covering of or
March
or
Position,
freely in fern
frondp
April.
SPECIES
CULTIVATED
:
China
2 to 3 ft., pinnata, yellowish white, summer, 3 ft., Japan. ui i Stove Ord. Orchidaceae. epiphytal orchias.
R.
podophylla, yellowish white,
Rodrig'Uezia.
GAltVMlNO.
OP
ENOYCLOPJSbtA
"
;
summer,
.
,
,
1829. First introduced ot Position, blocks CULTURE: only. Compost, sphagnum moss in baskets, blocks or wood baskets or suspended from roof. Place on to Sept.; moderately other Feb. Water March. or freely, March Moist atmosphere very essential in summer. Shade from times. sun. 60" to 70". 50" to 60"; Feb. Propagate to Oct. Temp., Oct. to Feb. by division of pseudo-bulbs at pottingtime. R. CULTIVATED: SPECIES Candida, white and yellow, April and May, 1 ft., and June, 1 ft., Brazil; fragrans, white white. May Brazil; decora, rose, red, and yellow, and yellow, April and May, fragrant, Brazil; venusta, white, pink and "various periods, Brazil. house Roella Harebell). Ord. Campanulacese. Green(South African "
First
shrubs.
evergreen CULTURE : Compost, sand. Position, pots in
introduced
1774.
loam " a fair quantity of ec(ualparts peat of " greenhouse. Pot, March. light dry part " give very little in " Water summer, very carefullyduring spring be the winter. and foliage must autumn or wetting Syringing at in " Ventilate summer moderately at all seasons. avoided freely Remove winter. " autumn essential in other times. Dry atmosphere " in autumn that form flowers directlythey fade; also all blooms 60". 50" to to 40" to 45"; to winter. Sept. April April Temp., Sept. Propagate by cuttings of strong shoots 2 in. long, inserted in moist from sand in a temp. 58" in spring. Shade sun. SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
elcg-ans,blue, spring, Roman
of
R. 8
ciliata,white
"
and
purple,
summer,
1
ft., S. Africa;
in., S. Africa.
Hyacinth
(Hyacinthus
orientalis
albulus).
"
See
Hyacinthus. Ord. Hydrophyllaceae. (Sitcha Water-leaf). First introduced 1873. herb. Hardy perennial CULTURE rockery. : Soil,ordinary. Position, sunny ledgesof sunny March March or Plant, or April. April. Propagate by division, CULTIVATED SPECIES : R. sitohensis,white, spring, 3 to 4 in., Sitcha. Tree or (White Bush Romneya Poppy). Ord. Papaveraceae. 1875. Half-hardy perennial. First introduced CULTURE INDOOR : Compost, equal parts, peat, leaf-mould, " sand. Pot, Position, well-drained pots in light cold greenhouse. March or moderately, April to Oct. ; keep nearly dry April. Water stimulants No afterwards. required. Repot annually. Propagate of fine sandy peat in well-drained seeds on sown by compost pots or in 55" under in bell-glass temp. spring. pans OUTDOOR CULTURE: Position, well-drained Soil, peat. elevated border at base of S. wall, or sheltered sunny rockery. Plant, in Protect weather with or severe April May. covering of fern or litter. 4 to 6 ft., California. SPECIES CULTIVATED : R. Coulteri,white, summer, Ord. Iridaceae. Romulea. Greenhouse or half-hardy bulbous 1739. plants. First introduced CULTURE Position, OF HARDY SPECIES : Soil, lightrich sandy. well-drained border. Plant, Sept. to Jan., placing tubers 4 in. sunny surface deep " 2 in. apart. Lift " replant tubers annually. Mulch of bed in March with cow manure. CULTURE OF GREENHOUSE SPECIES ; Compost, two parts sandy in loam, one o-r Pots, -IJ-iu. decayed cow-manure. pail leaf-mould Romanzoffia
"
"
sandy
"
372
ENCYCLOPJEDIA
vigour. Teas remaining ones CULTURE
"
foot
a
or
weak
out
Soil
ROSES:
againstwalls, fences,
to
arbours,
shorten
freely,"
shoots
according
so,
CLIMBING
OF
Position,
Thin
Noisettes: to
GARDENING.
OF
strength. as
advised
dwarfs.
for
trunks,
pergolas,arches, tree
in plant, old Cut Rambler or Pruning: Type: Nov., or away flowering shoots after blooming, " thin out dead or weakly growths the out in April; no further pruning required. Bauksian type: Thm of size to shoots to add plant directly only not required strong young shoots. small older or not Teas, after remove flowering. Do as climbers, to have old Noisettes, Hybrid Teas, Singles, etc., grown weak after blooming, dead out or growths flowering shoots thinned removed in April, " the soft, unripeued tips of shoots cut off at same
trellises, pillars,etc. in
Oct.
time. weak
Distance
apart
5
to
to
6 ft.
Plant
March.
Ayrshire, Boursault, " Evergreen out in March. growths thinned
types only require to
have
for Soil " planting as advised OF WEEPING ROSES CULTURE : " old Distance weak out dwarfs. to plant, 10ft. Pruning: Thin soft, unripened ends of shoots only. growths in March, " rfemove Cow MANURES FOR ROSES: or pig dung for light soils; horse for heavy ones. manure Top-dresswith above directly after pruning, " lightlyfork in. Suitable artificial manures : (1)Superphosphate of
81b.; sulphate of lime, 481b.; potash, 401b.; sulphate of magnesia, Mix iron, 41b.; sulphate of lime (gypsum), 321b.; total, 1321b. " the of at rate Jib. yard thoroughly together, apply per square One dose per annum sufficient. (2) Dissolve directly after pruning. of and phate of ammonia; J oz. sullime; Joz. sulphate ^oz. superphosphate water. Apply above quantity to each tree form till flowers buds once a develop. Liquid sootalso for outdoors in pots. " cow roses or water, sheep dung good For the wild FOR ROSES: of the STOCKS standards, dog rose for dwarfs and the wild " climbers, seedling dog cutting hedgerow; the Manetti, de la Grifferae," the Manetti " Polyantha rose. rose, de la Grifferae stocks generally do best on light soils," the others on
heavy
gall, of
of iron
in
week
from
time
OF
ROSES
2
ones.
CULTURE
IN
POTS
Classes
of
suitable
for
pot Perpetual, Hybrid Tea, Tea-scented, Polyantha, " Lawrenciana. Compost, two parts turfy loam, two parts decomposed hotbed manure cow or ; one part of equal proportions of charred earth " sand. Pot, Oct. Repot annually in Aug. or Slept. Prune newlylifted " potted plants in Nov., shortening shoots to 3, 2, " 1 "eyes," " Hybrid according to size ; established plants of hybrid perpetuals, also tea-scented, Chinese, fairy, " polyTeas to 6, 3, " 2 "eyes"; antha kinds in Nov. to 8, 6, " 4 "eyes" for early flowering; Dec. or Jan. for late flojvering. Position, sheltered corner outdoors, with pots frost by straw, or in cold frame, Oct. to Jan. ; protected from house, greenJan. to May; Water rately, modesunny place outdoors afterwards. Jan. to April; freely,April to Oct. Oct. to Keep nearly dry, Jan. twice a week or once Apply stimulants during floweringperiod. Syringe freely in greenhouse. Temp, for forcing,Jan., 40" by night 45" by day; Feb., 45" at night " 55" by day; March 55" " onwards, by night " 60" to 65" by day. Plants for forcing require to be established in pots one year. culture.
"
CULTURE
for
pots.
:
roses
Hybrid
OP Beds
or
CLIMBERS IN tubs tor each
GREENHOUSE
plant, 18 374
in.
Compost,
:
deep
"
2
same
ft. wide.
as
Eacli
MOYOLOPJlDiA bed Nov. time
tub
or
to March.
or
be
Of
OAMDENiNG.
3 in. of drainage. Plant, Sept. to at shoots first year 8 in. of base to within second " future after Sin. 6 to or immediately years to Nov.; keep nearly dry afterwards. freely,March
provided with Prune
of planting; flowering. Water Apply stimulants weekly, April to Sept.to established air freely in summer " daily in spring. Admit
plants. Syringe to ripen
autumn
shoots. Pkopagation ; Propagate by seeds sown J in. deep in light sandy soil in cold frame in March or April, or Jin. deep in ordinary soil outdoors in April, transplanting old; cuttings, a seedlings when year in Oct., or 6 to 8 in. long, inserted in pots of sandy soil in cold frame in sheltered positionoutdoors, Sept. to Nov. ; or by small side shoots of kinds tea-scented removed with a little of old stem " other attached, in small under " inserted bella pots of light sandy soil in summer glass or in a propagator; by budding in July; grafting in Feb. or in a temp. 55" to 65"; layering in Sept. or Oct. March CULTIVATED: E. aoioularis, blush, June, 6 to 8 ft., Siberia; alba, tlune, 6 ft., Europe; alpina (Syn. R. inerniis), pink, June, 8 ft.. Europe, of the parents of tne Boursault Rose), Banksias (Banksian Rose), white, June, one lutea 15 to 20 ft., China, and its varieties flore pleno (double) and (yellow); arvensis 15 ft., Europe 10 to (Britain); blanda or (Ayrshire Rose), white rose, bourboniana (Syn. R. lucida), rose, June, 3 ft., K. America; (Bourbon Rose), one the Bourbon class of of of the the other indica bracteata roses parents ; canina (Macartney Rose), white, July, 3 ft., China; (Dog Rose), pink, June, 6 ft., Britain; cinnamomea (Cinnamon Rose), red, May, 4 to 6 ft., N. Temp. Zone, and its and variety flore pleno (double) ; damascsena (Damask Rose), white red, June, 4 ft.; gallica centifolia (Cabbage Rose), rosy purple,June, 6 ft., Europe; gallica muscosa (Moss Rose), rose, June, 4 to 6 ft. ; gallica provincialis (Provence Rose), and yellow, June, climber, white, fragrant, June, 4 to 6 ft. ; gigantea, white Burma; Hardii, yellow, June, hybrid; indica (China or Monthly Rose), red, June, indica 6 to 10 ft., China; fragrans (Syn. R. odorata) Tea colours; rose, various indica minima (Eairy Rose), Syn. R. lawrenciana, pink, etc., June, 1 to 2 ft., SPECIES
white,
"
indica
"
sanguinea
(Crimson
China
Rose), crimson,
6
summer,
to
10
ft. ;
lutea
(Austrian Isevigata (Cherokee Rose), white, Briar), yellow, June, 3 ft.. Orient; moschata macrantha, red, June, 4 ft., Europe; June, 6 to 10 ft., China; (Musk 10 to 12 ft., S. Europe; multiflora white, summer, Rose), yellow and (Polyantha and Japan; noisettiana (Noisette Rose), white, pink, etc., June, 10 to 12 ft., China type; rubiginosa (Sweet Briar), pink, June, Rose), a hybrid and parent of Noisette 5 ft.,Europe: pomifera (Apple Rose), pink, June, Europe; rugosa (Japanese Rose), sempervirens (Evergreen Rose), white, June, S. Europe; red, June, 6 ft., Japan; Burnet 2 Rose), white. May, ft., Europe spinoeissima (Scotch or (Britain); 6 to 10 ft., Japan, parent of the trailing type, such as wichuriana, white, summer,
Dorothy Sisters
""
is
a
old
The
Perkins. form
of
Rosa,ry-plant Rose. Rose Rose Rose
"
rose
multiflora
R.
(Abrus
in
the gardens under name (called Grevillei),colour, purplish. See Abrus. precatorius)."
grown
Bosa. Acacia.
"
of
Seven
See
Apple Bay
(Robinia hispida). ^See Eobinia. (Eugenia Jambos). See Eugenia. (Nerium oleander). See Nerium. Willovw-herb (Epilobium angustifolium). "
"
"
Rose-bay
"
See
Epilobium. (Cotoneastermicrophylla). See Cotoneaster. (Lychnis coronaria). See Lychnis. Campion
Rose Rose
Box
Rose
Mallow.
"
Rosemary Rose Rose Rose Rose
"
of of of
"
See Hibiscus.
See Rosmarinus. (Rosmarinus,officinalis)." (Lychnis Coeli-rosa)."See Lychnis.
Heaven
Jericho (Anastatica Hierochuntica). See Anastatica. Sharon (Hypericumcalycinum). See Hypericum. Sabbatia. Pink (Sabbatia campestris).--See "
"
375
MNVfOLOPJjDJA Rose-scented
GABDENlNCf.
OF
(Pelargonium capitatum)."See
Geranium
Pelargonium. Rosette Mullein (Eamondia pyrenaica). See Eamondia. Rosin-weed (Silphium laoiniatum). See Silphium. Rosmarinus Labiatae. Hardy (Eosemary)." Ord. evergreen shrub. First introduced 1548. Leaves, highly fragrant. tion, PosiCULTUEE vfith old mortar. : Soil, ordinary, freely mixed dryish border at base of a south or west wall; rarely does well "
"
Plant, April. Water garden. gate Propafreely in summer. border doors outgreen-leaved kind by seeds sown Jin. deep in sunny in April; green " variegated sorts by cuttings 6 in. long, removing leaves from lower halt, inserted in shady border in spring or also by layeringstrong shoots in summer. summer; in
open
SPECIES
5. offloinalis, purple,
OULTiyATBD:
Rosy-flowered Rouen Rouen
Lilac Violet
Roupala.'
"
(Syringa
covered
Feb..
(Eubus
Protaceae.
Syringa.
with
Greenhouse
First introduced brownish wool.
"'to
"
sinensis).See "
"
Ord.
4
ft., 8. Enropo. spectabilis).See Eubus.
(Violarothamagensis).
flowering.
foliage" shaped,
Bramble
See "Viola. evergreen
shrubs.
Leaves, simple
1802.
Orn. feather-
or
Compost, equal parts fibrous loam, leaf-mould, peat, " Position, large pots or tubs in lofty sunny greenhouse Water or freely,April to Sept.; conservatory. Pot, Feb. or March. No syringing required. Temp., Sept. to moderately afterwards. to Sept. 55" to 65". March 45" to 50" ; March May be stood outdoors in sunny June to Sept. Propagate by cuttingsof "rm shoots, position, silver inserted sand, in well-drained in bell-glassin pots, under pure COLTUEE: little sand.
temp. 55"
to
65",
summer.
CULTIVATED:
SPEOIES,
R.
elegans,
6
to
10
ft., and
Tolilii, 6
to
15
ft.,
Brazil.
Rowan-tree (Pyrus aucuparia). See Pyrus. Brunswick Lily (Bmnsvigia Josephina;).See Bruns"
Royal
"
vigia. Royal
Fern
Royal
Water-Lily
(Osmunda regalis).^SeeOsmunda. (Victoriaregia). See Victoria. Flea-bane (Erigeron Boylei). See Erigeron.
Royle's
"
RubUS
(Raspberry; Ord.
berry). "
"
Eosacese.
Blackberry;
Hardy
Loganberry;
Dewberry;
Wine-
flowering shrubs
fruit-bearing"
"
perennials. EASPBERRIES Soil, deep, rich moist loam, light : or Position, open sunny, clay soils unsuitable. for planting; Distances Plant, Oct. to March. partiallyshady one. for training the rows Singly,2 ft. apart in the row, " 5 ft. between 3ft. " 5ft. of three canes, to wire trellis; in groups apart in row, between for field culture. 4 ft. asunder singly 1 ft. apai't in rows rows; off to within ing succeed6 in. of ground first year; Pruning: Cut canes off old cut after dose canes to immediately fruiting ground, years, number of young " reduce at each root or stool to three or four canes of the tips of latter in Nov. or Dec. strongest. Remove Apply annually in Nov., forking it in 3 in. deep only. Mulch decayed manure in April on with litterymanure Water dry soil. copiouslywith liquid CULTUEE
OF
ordinary
each
peaty;
during bearing period.
manure
base
or
Eemove
suckers
appearing away
Avoid deep digging. Chemical of Buperphosphate of lime " kaiuil per t"quare 9f
"stools."
376
from
(1) IJoz. yard forked in 2 in. manures
ENCTOLOP.SDIA
deep in Nov., March. 1 lb.
1
kainit,
of
of
oz.
nitrate
common
in June.
in Oct.
canes
in
or
yard applied in
of soda, nitrate half rod, applied in per square of of soda, nitrate parts by weight to be the rate of 2 lb. kainit, applied at by seeds sown (Griffiths.) as soon ripe; by division of roots in
JPropagate
Nov.
border
shady
a
soda per square of lime, IJ lb. of
salt Two (3)
part superphosphate,1 part
per 100 outdoors
GARDENING.
of
superphosphate
3 lb.
remainder
March, 1
"
(2)1^ lb.
OF
as
,
autumn. ; Market Ctjltueb too : Soil, rich sandy loam. Position, not ; Farmyard dry. Manures dung at rate of 20 tons per acre, ploughed in before planting. Top-dress annually in winter with 3 cwt. of superphosphate " 1 cwt. of kainit per acre in winter, " 2 cwt. of nitrate of soda in April. Distance to plant, 1 ft. apart in rows 4 ft. asunder. Number of plants to the acre, ^610; 6,987. Cost of trees per acre, "5 ; planting, 20s. ; total, preparing land for planting, "7 ; manure, "16. Cost of cultivation " hoeing, 32s ; pruning, : Digging per acre
gathering fruit, ."10; annual : 2 tons. acre Average returns per (net),de28. 12s.;
CULTURE dressed with in open rows
OP
BLACKBEEEIES
old
mortar.
manuring, acre
"5.
Average yield per
(gross),^"46.
Average
returns
Soil, deep rich loam, liberally : fences, or in Position, trained to sunny
shoots trained to a rough trellis. Plant m in autumn, Prune 4 ft. asunder. cutting shoots fruit directly after fruiting," removthat have borne ing away in Dec. in winter tips off remaining shoots Top-dress annually in the shoots in roots or Propagate by layering dividing summer,
autumn,
garden, with apart in rows
ft.
1
summer.
CULTURE
OF
apart each way
4 ft.
Place
Soil
for raspberries. Plant, shoots well back first season. plant, at a distance of 3 ft. from the
LOGANBERRY: in autumn.
each stakes around train growths spirallyaround borne shoots that have away
four
base, "
as
Shorten
these.
Prune
after
fruit, " removing cutting Top-dress with decayed manure remaining shoots in Dec. or dividing Propagate by layering shoots in summer,
fruiting,
soft in
the
tipsof winter. roots
in
autumn.
CULTURE
OF
Plant,
Position, shady rockery.
dry
Propagate by
weather.
CULTURE
Position, sunny
cutting
or
away
autumn
division
spring. spring. or
in
:
Soil,sandy peat. Water
freely in
SPECIES : Soil, good ordinary. Prune in Plant Oct. after flowering, shady division in old flowering shoots. Propagate by
HARDY
OF
SPECIES
HERBACEOUS
HARDY
SHRUBBY borders.
autumn.
IcIkus (Raspberry), white, May, berries red or between tlie RaspLoganii (Loganberry), a cross berry and (American Blackberry, berries purple, 8 to 12 ft., America; laciniatus berries black, 8 to 12 ft. ; phoenicolaaius (Wineberry), Blackberry), white, summer, berries crimson, 10 to 20 ft., ,Tapan; rosfeflorus Acre simplici (Strawpink, summer, berry-raspber a plant of no value in this country. E. 4 to 6 Offisia (Dewberry), white, summer, SPECIES: HERBACEOUS in., Britain ; arcturus, pink, June, 6 in., N. Europe. SPECIES: 8 R. SHRUBBY bifflorus, white. May, HARDY ft., Himalayas; nutkanus (Nootka Sound white, May, 6 ft.. Rocky Mountains; Bramble), deliciofius, odoratus 6 ft., N. America; (Virginian Raspberry), purple and white, summer, 6 ft., N. America; spectabilis (Salmon Berry), rosy red, May, 6 ft., red, summer, flore pleno (Daisy-floweredBramble), pink, double, summer, nlmifolia California; 8 to 12 ft.,Europe, 377 PRUIT-BBARING
yellow,
6
to
SPECIES
8
ft., Europe
;
:
Id^us
R.
ENCYOIOPJSDIA
Compositae. Hardy
(Cone-flower)."Ord.
Rudbeckia
perennials.
GAKDENING.
OF
First
introduced
herbaceous
1793.
borders. well-drained Position, sunny Soil, ordinary. with Mulch manure decayed or Plant, Oct., Nov., Marcb, April. fresh in Feb. March. " divide, position or Lift, replant annually, CULTUEE
:
trieunially. Propagate by
seeds
March
J in. deep outdoors
sown
April, flowering positionsfollowingautumn; by March or April. soil
"
sunny
position,
or
in
ordinary
seedlings into transplanting of roots, Oct., Nov.,
division
OULTITATED: "SPECIES E. calif ornioa, yellow and brown, July, 4 to 6 ft., 3 ft., N. laciniata, California; grandiflora, yellow and America; purple, autumn, Golden 3 -to 6 ft., N. America; Bpeciosa (Syn. U. Glow, yellow, double, summer, 3 ft., N. America. Newmannii), orange-yellow, summer, Rue (Ruta graveolens). ^See Ruta. "
Rue-a.nemQ'ne Rue-leaved
(Thaliotrum
Spleen-wort
anemonoides). See Thalictrum. (Asplenium Eut^-muraria). "
"
See
Asplenium. Stove perennial Ruellia (Christmas Pride). Ord. Acanthaceae. herbs or 1768. shrubs. First introduced CULTURE loam, leaf-mould, peat, " : Compost, equal parts fibrous silver sand. Feb. March. Position, Pot, or pots in shady part of March Water stove. to Oct. freely, Syringe ; moderately afterwards. twice daily, March to Sept.; once daily other times. Apply weak stimulants during flowering period to perennialspecies. Temp., Sept. tings 55" to 65" ; March to March to Sept. 65" to 75". Propagate by cutin inserted in above well-drained under bell-glass, compost pots or m propagator in temp. 75" to 85", spring or summer. SPECIES OULTITATED B. maorantha, : purple, winter, 1 to 2 ft.,Brazil. rosy Rumex Ord. Hardy (Herb Patience; Sorrel). Polygonacese. "
"
perennial herbs. CULTURE flower stems
OF
HERB
PATIENCE
:
Soil, ordinary moist.
Remove
pagate directlythey appear, " gather leaves frequently. Proin March, 1 in. deep in drills 18 in. apart, thinning by seeds sown in in April; division of roots seedlingsto 1 ft. apart in row
March. moist. SORREL Position, open : Soil, ordinary rich in Gather 15 1 ft. in. asunder in March. Plant, rows apart leaves Remove flower Water weather. in stems. frequently. freely dry Propagate by seeds Jin. deep in drills 15 in. apart in March, thinning seedlingsto 12 in. apart in April; division of roots in March'. CULTURE OF SPECIES: Position, Soil, ordinary. AQUATIC in of Plant water. margins spring. Increased by division in spring. CULTIVATED: SPECIES aoetosa 18 in., R. (Garden Sorrel), green, summer, loaves edible, Europe (Britain) ; hydrolapathura (Water Dock), 4 to 6 ft., Europe substitute for spinach, (Britain); patienta (Herb Patience), 4 ft., leaves used as CULTURE
OP
borders.
S. Europe.
Runner
Bean
(Phaseolusmultiflorus). See "
Phaseolus.
Rupture-wort (Herniaria glabra). See Herniaria. Ruscus Knee (Butcher's Broom; Holly). Ord. Liliacese. "
"
Hardy
" Male shrubs. Orn. leaved " female berry-bearing. evergreen Leaves flowers borne on separate plants. dark o val, (cladodes), green. Berries, round, red; winter. CULTURE Position, shady or sunny : Soil, ordinary. shrubberies, pagate borders, or woods. Plant, Sept., Oct., or April. Prune, April. Proremoved suckers from in by parent plants Sept. or Oct, ;
of roots i" Oct. diyisiojj 378
BNGYOLOPMniA CULTIVATED: Brlfafn.^'^'*
Rush
Broom
R
OF aouleatua
GARDENING.
(Butcher's Broom),
May,
green,
3
(Spartium junceum)." See Spartiuni. Daffodil (Narcissus iuncifolius)."See
Rush-leaved
ft.,
cissus. Nar-
'
Rush-Lily Russellia.
(SisyrincMum graudiflorum)." See Sisyrincliium. Ord. Scrophulariacese. Stove evergreen shrubs. First introduced 1812. Pretty plants for hanging "
Flowering. 03iSiC6tJS.
CULTURE
: Compost, equal parts sandy loam, leaf -mould, " silver Position, m light part of stove. Water Pot, Feb. or March. freely, April to Sept.; moderately afterwards. Prune, Feb. Applv weak stimulants when in flower only. Syringe twice daily,April to Oct., except when in flower. Temp., Sept. to March, 55" to 65"; March to Sept.,65" to 75". Propagate by cuttings inserted in silver sand in temp. 75" in spring; layering shoots at time. any
sand.
SPECIES
CULTIVATED
:
U.
recI,^Ju]y, 3 to 4 .ft.,"^ Mexico;
junoea,
sarmeatosa,
red, July, 4 ft.,Trop. America.
Russian
Knap-w/eed
(Centaurea ruthenicus).
See
"
Cen-
taurea.
Ruta introduced
(Eue). "
Ord.
Rutacese. First shrub. Hardy evergreen for Leaves, finely divided, bluish used green;
1562.
medicinal purposes. CULTURE : Soil, ordinary. Position, sunny 8 in. apart in rows 18 in. asunder. Priine the
border.
Propagate by or
seeds sown Jin. deep in drills outdoors slips inserted in shady border in summer.
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
R.
Plant, March,
plants closelyin April.
graTeolens, yellowish
green,
in
April;
summer,
3
tings cut-
ft.,
S
Europe.
Sabal
(Pan
Greenhouse
orn.
Thatch or Palm; Cabbage Palm)." Ord. Palmacese. -leaved palms. First introduced 1810. Leaves, fan-
shaped,
green. CULTURE : Compost,two parts rich loam, " sand. mould Position, well-drained pots in well-drained beds outdoors in S. of England.
part decayed
one
greenhouse
or
Pot, March.
leaf-
sheltered
Plant,
45" to 55"; March to Sept. 55" to 65". April. Temp., Sept. to March Water moderately in winter; freely in summer. Propagate by seeds lin. deep in lightsoil in temp, of 80" in Feb. or March; sown suckers removed from parent plant in April or Aug. SPECIES S. Adamsoni, CULTIVATED: 3 ft., S.U. States; blaokburniana (Fan Palmetto Palm), 20 ft., Bermuda; (Cabbage Palm), 30 ft.,S.U. States. Sabbatia (American Centaury; Rose Pink). Ord. Gentianacese. First introduced 1813. Hardy biennial flowering herbs. fibrous loam leaf" finely-sifted CULTURE : Soil, equal parts good " little sand. borders mould or Position, moist partially-shaded bogs. with Sow seeds thinly in April where required to grow, lightlycover inch high, to flower following an soil, thin to 3 or 4 in. apart when seed 1-16 in. deep in well-drained summer pots or shallow pans ; or sow " leaf filled with peat -mould; equal parts sandy place in a pan partially " placed in cold frame filled with water plant Transor greenhouse. post, seedlings when an inch high, three in a 2-in. pot, in similar com"
keep in cold SPECIES
CULTIVATED
Saccharum
till followingMarch, then plant out. 6 to 12 in., N. America. campestris, rose, summer, Ord. Gramineee. Stove " hardy Cane). (Sugar
frame
:
S.
perennialgrasses, flowering,"
"
orn.
379
foliage. Inflorescence, silky,borne
SNCYOLOPMDIA in
GARDMniNQ.
OF
pyramidal panioleSjJuly. Leaves, ribbon-like,
green,
covered
with
silky hairs. CULTUEE leaf-mould
Two parts rich loam, one part little sand. Position, large pots or in lofty stoves. tubs Water March. Pot, Feb. or freely, April to afterwards. twice Sept.; moderately daily during spring " Syringe from Shade essential. summer. to Oct. mid-day sun Temp., March 70" to 85"; Oct. to March 55" to 65". OF S. SPONTANEUM: CULTUEE Soil, good ordinary. Position, of beds sheltered. or lakes, Plant, margins May or June. Propagate of Cane stems inserted in lightsoil in Sugar by cuttings of 70" 80" in to removed in Feb. suckers or or spring, by March, " temp, in above S. of division roots in compost. spontaneum by pottedsingly March or April. SPECIES CULTIVATED: S. officinarum 10 to 15 (Sugar Cane), white, sammer, violet ft., E. Indies; officinarum tinted; spontaneum -violaceum, stems (Syn. S. 10 ft., Algeria. aegypticum), white, summer, Saccolabium. Ord. Orchidacese. Stove epiphytal orchids. 1837. First introduced Ht., 1 to 4 ft. CULTUEE : Compost, sphagnum charcoal, " broken potsherds. moss, in pots to pieces of wood, or Position, hanging baskets or attached filled to rim with " potsherds " remainder charcoal livingsphagnum Grow moss. near Pot, or fix to blocks in Jan. or glass always. Feb. Water blocks copiouslytwice daily,March on to plants grown those afterwards in once baskets, Sept.; daily ; copiously April to afterwards. Shade from mid-day sun. Sept., moderately Temp., March Oct. to March 60" to 70". Avoid to Oct. 70" to 85^^; allowing moisture leaves in winter. Moist to fall on essential. atmosphere Growing Flowers period,March to Nov. ; restingperiod,Nov. to March. appear the top, after restingperiod. in axils of leaves near Propagate by offsets any time. SPECIES CULTITATED: S. ampullaeenm, magenta rose, ,Tane, India; bellinum, brown, white, and yellow, .Tan to March, Burma; curvifoliuro,orange-scarlet, green, and and June, N. India; giganteum, cream purple, fragrant, Dec. to March, May and red hendersonianum, Burma; white, spring, Borneo; rosy miniatum, Jan. and and mauve, orange-red, spring, Java; violaceum, white Feb., Philippines. Sa.cred Bean (Nelumbium luteum). See Nelumbium. Saddle-tree (Liriodendron tulipifera).See Liriodendron. OF
SUGAR
rotten
or
CANE: "
manure
"
"
"
Sadleria.
"
Ord.
Filices.
Stove
fern.
tree
First
introduced
1877.
Fronds, feather-shaped. CULTURE
:
two-thirds peat " loam, " abundance tubs, well-drained, in shady stove or
Compost,
Position, large pots
or
Repot, Feb. or March. Syringe trunks freely afterwards. to March-
55"
essential. sifted loam
Propagate by
to
65"; March
to
of sand. warm
servatory. con-
moderately, Oct. to March ; to Sept. Temp., Sept. daily,March Sept. 65" to 75". Shade in summer Water
at any time on surface of finelysown well-drained with sheet of cover pans; moist in in 75" 85". " to shady position glass, keep temp. CULTIVATED Islands. SPECIES : S. cyatheoides, 5 to 8 ft., Sandwich Safflower (Carthamvistinctoria).See Carthamus. "
peat
in
spores
shallow
"
Saffron Saffron
Crocus
(Crocus sativus). See Crocus. "
Thistle
(Carthamus tinctorius).Sec Carthamus. See Salvia. (SalviaoflScinalis). (Pcarl-wecd;roarl-wort). Ord. CaryophyllacesB. Ilardy herbs. Leaves, Orn. pereunial foliage " flowering; evergreen. Sag^e Sagina
"
"
"
380
ENCYCLOPEDIA
OARDENINO.
OF
Position, damp, moderately heavy; light soils not suitable. of ponds, etc., for all species. Plant, Oct. to March. Nov.
gins mar-
Prune,
Feb.
to
OSIER
lying
near
CULTUEE:
land
manure
per acre. in Oct.
asunder
cuttings to plant after
planting. upright in water
bundles
of
yield per
Soil, alluvial
501b.
acre,
Position, moist, low-
sandy.
or
soil deeply " add 30 tons of Trench Plant 18 in. in 18 in. in. 15 rows cuttings long, apart of Insert Number 1 " slantwise ft. cuttings deep. first time three Cut shoots for an 23,000. acre, years immerse " Time Tie in bundles to cut, spring. till bark peeled osiers in readily peels off. Market
margins
or
of water.
each.
1,800
Average 2,0001b.
to
price,4d.
5d. per lb. cultivated
to
Soil should
be
Average annually
plants, " give a dressing of 10 to 15 tons of manure per acre. one year'sgrowth used for makiiig hampers " baskets; those of two year'sgrowth for ribs of hampers; older wood for butter kegs. TIMBER S. Caprea (Goat Willow) suitable CULTURE for damp : coppices,its wood being valuable for hoops, poles,crates, etc. S. alba (White or Huntingdon Willow) also suitable for damp soils,coppices, between
Osiers
of
Branches
etc.
lining carts used
for
used "
making
for
barrows.
making
Wood
cricket
scythe
of the
bats.
Plant
Bat in
"
rake Willow autumn.
handles;
timber
for
(Salix alba cserulea) Time to pollard
willows, Feb. Average value of willow timber, per cubic ft..Is. to 5s. of cubic feet per ton, 68. cubic ft., 33 lbs. Number of timber, Weight of of stems shoots or Propagate by cuttings any age or size, inserted in choice kinds moist soil, Oct. to March; by budding on the Goat
(S.caprea) in July, bandaging grafting on a similar stock in March.
Willow
the
bud
with
damp
moss,
or
by
(White or Huntingdon Willow), 50 to 60 ft., (Bat argentea, silvery foliage ; alba coerulea alba used for cricket bat Titelliua (Syn. S. vitellina), making; Willow), kind alba vitellina and red ; shoots pendula, weeping yellow Tariety ; babylonica (Goat Willow), 15 to 20 ft., Europe (Weeping Willow), 30 ft., Japan; caprea (Britain); Caprea pendula (Kilmarnock Willow) ; fragalis (Crack Willow), 60 to 70 ft., shoots, yellow^nd brown, Europe and N. Asia ; fragalis blashfordiana, shoots orange-red; lanata, 8 to 10 ft., N. Europe; phylicifolia (Tea-leaved Willow), 8 to 10 ft., N. purple, 8 to 10 ft., Europe; purpurea: (Purple Osier), shoots, reddish pendula, weeping; Timinalis (Osier Willow), the species grown Europe; purpurea and N. Asia. to yield osiers, Hussia See Salix. Sallow, SPECIES
Europe,
Asia,
CULTIVATED and N.
:
Africa
;
S. alba alba
"
Salmon-berry
(Rubus spectabilis" R. nutkanus). See (ScallopedTube-tongue). Ord. Solanaceae. "
Salpigrlossis First hardy annual.
"
introduced
Eubus. Half-
1820.
CUIiTURE: Soil, sandy loam or good ordinary rich. beds borders. Sow seeds in well-drained or Position, sunny pots, pans, boxes shallow filled with compost of equal parts loam, leaf-mould " or sand placed in temp, of 65" to 75", Feb. seeds with March. Cover or thin sprinkling of fine soil. three leaves Transplant seedlingswhen of above boxes have formed J in. apart in well-drained pots or shallow Keep in temp, of 55" to 65" till May, then place in cold compost. OUTDOOR
harden,
frame
to
Apply
weak
"
plant
stimulants
out
in June.
to occasionally
Water freelyin dry weather. plants in flower. parts sandy loam, half a part
CULTURE INDOOR : Compost, two seeds as " silver sand. Sow each of leaf-mould. " decayed cow manure for summer advised above flowering; in Aug. or Sept. for spring flowering. Transplant seedlingswhen three leaves have formed, 3 iu 382
ENOrOLOP^DlA
GARDENING.
OF
2^in. pot, " place on
When shelf close to glass in temp. 55" to 65". Water shift into 5-in. size. pots, moderately until well stimulants established. are Apply J oz. of kainit, superplants phosphate of lime, " nitrate of soda to 2 galls,of water week once a off of main shoots when in. 6 during floweringperiod. Nip points high whilst in to induce bushy growth. Place in cool greenhouse or window a
well
in small
rooted
"
"
bloom. SPEOIES beautiful
CULTIVATED; strains grown
Sa.lsa.fy
S. sinuata, -various colours, gardens.
in
(Tragopogon
2
ft.,Ohili, parent
of
the
porrifolius).See Tragopogon. (Halimodendron argenteum). See Halimodendron. Salvia Ord. Labiatse. Greenhouse " hardy (Sage; Clary). " herbaceous annuals perennials" evergreen shrubs. CULTURE OP ANNUAL SPECIES : Soil, ordinary rich. Position, Sow borders. seeds Jin. deep in April where to sunny required flower, " thin to 4 or 6 in. apart when 2 in. high. CULTURE OF aREENHOUSE SPECIES: Compost, equal parts loam " decayeflmanure, little sand. Position, greenhouse, Sept. to "
Salt-tree
"
"
to Water June; cold frame, June to Sept. Pot, March. freely,March month afterwards. stimulants a Oct.; moderately Apply occasionally
after
until flowers 55" ; March to
repotting 45"
March
to
expand,
then
55"
June
Temp.,
cease.
65".
to
Cut
Sept.
to
shoots
down
to
Insert
plants: light sandy soil in temp. 65" in Feb. When March. or rooted, place singlyin 3J-in. pots. Nip off point of Shift into 5 or 3 in. long. main shoots, also of succeeding shoots when Water former 6 in. pots when freely. Apply pots are filled with roots. stimulants occasionally. Place in cold frame, June to Sept. tered shelCULTURE Position, sunny OUTDOOR : Soil, rich ordinary. Lift in Sept., place in pots to Plant, June. beds or borders. Water flower in greenhouse in autumn. freely in dry weather. Apply of S. patens in Oct., " Lift tuberous roots stimulantsonce week. a
within
3 in. of their
3 in.
in sand
store out
in
in
in
Start
in heat
in March,
"
plant
May.
decayed
Soil, ordinary rich. Plant, Oct., Nov., March, or April.,Mulch SPECIES
HAEDY
manure
"
replant
Position,
:
close
stems Cut down third year. every
in March.
Lift, divide,
Oct.
flowering. Young
frost-proofplace.
OP CULTURE borders. sunny with
after shoots
base
long of young
tings cut-
to
annually ground in
ing used for flavourLeaves CLARY : Hardy biennial. Pretty border plant also. Soil, ordinary. Position, sunny. soups. when Sow seeds 1 in. deep in drills 18 in. apart in April. Thin seedlings and Gather leaves in summer dry 2 in. high to 12 in. apart in row.
OP
CULTURE
for
following year.
use
,
_
SAGE March
OF
CULTURE
Plant,
sunny
of
off points freely in dry weather
Nip
every
four
or
April, 12
first
shoots
year
first year
in. apart in rows induce bushy
to
after
shoots
Position, 18 in. asunder. Water growth.
plantation
.
o
Propagate greenhouse species by cuttings 2 shoots inserted in sandy soil in temp. 65" in spring
" to -3 ,
"
in.
:
soil in temp.
in
light 1-16 in. deep transplanting seedlingsoutdoors in. May
young
"^"
-r.
,
Renew
planting.
years.
Pkopagation long of young bv seeds sown
.
dryish. Soil, ordinary rich, light,
:
pulledoff
the
old plants in 383
or
55"
June,
April,"
to
65"
also by inserted
in
;
sage
March,
slips,i.e., a shady
in
iSNOYCLOPMbiA border
under
or
hand-light,or
a
GABpMlNd.
OF in
a
cold frame,
"
kept
moist
until
rooted.
coocinea, blue, winter, 6 ft., N. America; 2 to 3 ft., America; fulgens, scarlet, summer, Mexico; Grahami, Heeri, scarlet, winter, 2 to 3 ft., scarlet, Sept., 1 ft., Mexico; 3 to 4 ft., Mexico; iUTOluorata patens, blue, Peru; Bethelli, crimson, autumn, 2 to 2 to 3 ft., Mexico; summer, patens alba, white, splendens, scarlet, autumn, 3 ft., Brazil; splendens Bruantii, rich scarlet; splendens grandiflora, salmon-red; rutilana, red, winter, 2 to 3 ft. 3 ft., foliage HARDY SPECIES: S. argentea (Silver Clary), white, summer, GREENHOUSE
SPECIES:
scarlet, autumn,
2
to
3
S. aznrea,
ft., N.
3 ft.,Mexico silvery,Mediterraneaji ; Region ; azurea grandiflora, sky blue, summer, officinalis (Sage), blue, 2 ft., Himalayas; (Cashmere Sage), blue, summer, 3 ft., S. 3 to 4 ft., Europe; pratensis (Meadow Sage), violet, May, summer, 2 ft.,Mediterranean Britain; sclarea (Clary), bluish white, summer, Region. ANNUAL 18 in., S. Horminum SPECIES : (Horminum Clary), purple, summer, 8. Europe; Horminum carmine bracts, very pretty. Hardy. purpurea, rosy SambUCUS Hardy (Elder; Dane-wort)." Ord. Caprifoliaceae. deciduous shrubs black scarlet. " herbaceous or Berries, perennials.
hians
Leaves, feather-shaped,green, CULTURE dry banks down stems CULTUEE
OF HBEBACEOUS shrubberies in or in Nov. OP SHEUBBY
sun
golden
white.
or
SPECIES shade. or
:
Soil, ordinary. Position, Cut Plant, Oct. to Feb.
Soil, ordinary.
SPECIES:
Position,
common species;moist sunny borders open shrubbery, hedgerows for variegatedkinds. Prune March. into shape, Nov. to Oct. Plant, " silver elders during of off of shoots to Jan. points golden Nip young also in March insure dwarf to shoots back cut summer growth ; sion, " rich colouring in foliage. speciesby diviPropagate herbaceous of branches shoots Oct. to March or ; shrubby speciesby cuttings inserted in moist soil in any positionoutdoors, Oct. to March. 3 ft., HERBACEOUS SPECIES S. Ebulus : (Dane-wort), white and pink, summer, Europe (Britain). SHRUBBY SPECIES: S. nigra (Common Elder), white, June, 20 ft., Britain; leaves nigra foliis-aureis, golden (Golden Elder) ; nigra laciniata, leaves finely cut (Cut-leaved Elder) ; racemosa Elder), white, June, 10 to 15 ft., (Scarlet Berried Europe, berries scarlet. Primulaceae. Samolus Ord. (Tasmanian Water Pimpernel). 1800. Hardy herbaceous perennial. First introduced CULTUEE: Soil, sandy peat. Position, moist bog or rockery. pagate ProPlant, March or April. Water freelyin dry weather in summer. by division of the roots in spring. S. repens, SPECIES CULTIVATED: white, August, 6 in., Australia. See Crithmum. Samphire (Crithmum maritimum). Ord. Acanthaceae. Stove perennialflowering"orn. Sanchezia. First introduced 1866. Leaves, foliaged plants. large, oval, with white or glaucous 'een, or striped yellow. CULTUEE : Compost, two parts peat " loam, one part decayed " sand. manure Position, light part of stove in winter ; shady part in spring " summer. Pot, March. Syringe twice daily, April to afterwards. rately modeWater Oct.; once to Oct.; daily freely, March other times. weak stimulants mer. Apply occasionallyduring sum55"" to 65", March to Sept. 75" to 85". Temp., Sept. to March Propagateby cuttings of young shoots inserted under bell-glassin fine soil, March to July. SPECIES CULTIVATED S. nobilis, yellow and to Oct.. 1 to 2 ft., : red, March
for
closely
"
"
"
'
Ecuador.
Sandersonia. First introduced CULTUEE :
"
Ord.
Liliaceae.
stove
tuberous-rooted
herb.
1852.
Compost, equal parts loam, peat, leaf-mould, decayed 381
ENOYOLOPJBDIA
OF
GARDENING.
silver saud. " shoots Position, well-drained pots, with to roof or trained trellis. Pot, Feb., placing tubers 2 in. deep, one in a 6-in. |)ot, or 12-in. pot. Water 8 or several in an moderately till growth is well advanced, then freely. After flowering, gradually " keep soil quite dry till potting time. withhold water Temp., Feb. 55" to 65". to Sept. 70" to 85"; Sept._ to Feb. Propagate by seeds inserted singly ^in. deep in 3-in. pots filled with light soil in temp. manure,
75" in Feb.
March;
or
offsets removed
from
large tubers
at
potting
time. SPECIES 18
CULTITATED:
S.
aurantiaoa,
yellow, July and
orange
Aug.,
12
to
in.. Natal. Sand
Rosemary (Ceratiolaericoides).See Ceratiola. Myrtle (Leiophyllum buxifolium). See Leiophyllum.
Sand
Pear
Sandhill
"
"
(Pyrus sinensis).See Pyrus. (Dianthus arenarius). ^See Diauthua. Verbena (Abronia umbellata). See Abronia.
Sand
"
Pink
Sand
"
"
Sand-wort
(Arenaria balearica). See Arenaria. (Blood-root).Ord. Papaveraceso. Hardy "
Sang'uinaria
nial peren-
"
herb" First introduced 1680. borders or CULTURE: Soil, sandy loam or peat. Position, sunny rockeries. Plant, Oct., Nov., March or freely in dry April. Water in Feb. or weather. manure Top-dress annually with decayed cow be interfered March. Should with as little as possible. Propagate by in cold seeds sown 1-16 in. deep in equal parts leaf -mould, peat, " sand frame
cool
or
SPECIES
when
S.
CULTIVATED:
in
canadensis, white, April,
6
in., N.
America.
^Haemodoracese. introduced 1690.
(Bow-stringHemp; Angola Hemp). perennials. Orn. foliage. First yellowish; insignificant. Leaves, green,
Sanseviera herbaceous Stove
"
white,
Flowers,
or spring, transplanting early autumn to handle; enough by division of roots large
greenhouse
seedlingsoutdoors in Oct. or March.
with
narrow,
white.
spotted long, margined tion, PosiCompost, equal parts loam, leaf -mould, " sand. Water Feb. of to in stove. Pot, April. ously, copishady part pots March to Oct.; moderately afterwards. Syringe freely in 55" to to Sept. 65" to 75"; Sept. to March Temp., March Feb. to division of April. plants, Propagate by
ridged, green,
or
CULTURE:
summer.
65".
CULTIVATED:
SPECIES
zeylaniea, Trop.
cylindrioa, Trop. "
shrubby plants. with
Africa;
Ord. introduced
(Lavender Cotton).
Santolina covered
S.
guineensis, Trop. Africa;
Africa.
First
Compositae. Hardy 1573.
Leaves
"
green ever-
shoots
cottony down. : Soil, ordinary
Position, margins of sunny CULTURE sandy. for S. rockeries borders Chamaeoyparissus incana; backs of sunny or S. rosmarinifor S. Chamaecyparissus " rockeries borders or large Distance ing March or folia. April. apart for formPlant, Sept., Oct., of in. 6 shoots, 2 to Propagate by cuttings edging of S. incana, attached of " in pots inserted stem with 3 in. long, pulledoff portion in sheltered or doors, of sandy soil in cold frame, Sept. or Oct., positionoutsame
time.
S. Chamsecyparissns, yellow, July, 2 to 3 ft., S. variety; rosmarinifolia, yellow, July, incana, dwarf Chamseoyparissua Europe; 2 ft., Spain and Portugal. First introduced Ord. Sanvitalia. Compositae. Hardy annual. SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
"
1798. 385
o
OF
ENCYCLOPEDIA
GARDENING.
borders Position, margins of sunny deep in light soil in temp. 55" to 65" Harden in April " plant outin March. off seedlings in cold frame doors in May; in lines or or patches in open ground end of April, lin. high to 2 or 3 in. apart. Water thinning seedlings when freely iu dry weather, " apply weak stimulants ing occasionallyduring flowerperiod. CULTUEE
Soil, ordinary.
:
rockeries.
or
SPECIES
Sow
seeds
1-16 in.
CULTIVATED: S. flore plane, flowers
procumbena
prooumiens,
yellow
and
purple, July, 1 ft.,Mexico;
double.
/Soap-wort; Fuller's Herb; Saponaria Hedge " perennials. Caryophyllaceae. Hardy annuals CULTUEE
margins
OF
ANNUAL
of
borders
SPECIES: beds.
Pink).
Soil, ordinary.
Ord.
"
Position,
in
Sow seeds in lines or patches sunny in J in. deep in April for summer flowering; Sept. for spring flowering. Thin 1 in. high 2 or Water 3 in. apart. seedlings when freely in dry " apply stimulants weather occasionally. CULTUEE OF loam. PEEENNIAL SPECIES tion, Posi: Soil, deep rich rockeries borders or
or
borders
for S.
or ocymoides; large sunny shady shrubbery garden for S. officinalis. Plant, Oct. to Water April. Top-dress annually in Feb. with decayed manure. in weather. in boxes of shallow freely dry Propagate by seeds sown in soil of 55" in 65" to in sandy March, hardening seedlings a temp, cold frame in April," planting out in May in outdoors or June; or April, transplanting seedlingsin June " July ; by cuttingsinserted in soil cold m sandy frame, Sept. to Oct.; division of roots, Oct. to
sunny
or
wild
March. ANNUAL
SPECIES S. calabriofl,rose, .Tuly to Sept., 6 to 12 in., Italy. : SPECIES; S. ocymoides (Rock Soap-wort), rosy purple, officinalis flore pleno (Double Soapwort), pink, Aug., 2 trailing, Europe; PEllENNIAL
Europe
ft.,
(Britain).
Sardinian Sarmienta
iris
See Iris. (Irisolbiensis)." (Chilian Pitcher-flower).Ord. Gesneracea;.
shoots
First
creeper.
Compost,
Position,
moss.
teak
growing
up
soft
baskets stems
Water
copiously, April to to Oct. freely daily, March 60" to 70"; Sept. to March plants in March. SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
Sarracenia Pitcher Plant; hardy herbaceous
S.
1862.
peat, charcoal,
"
suspended
chopped sphagnum
roof, or in pots of dead tree ferns. Pot or plant, March. Oct. ; moderately afterwards. Syringe or
pans,
Shade from 45" to 55".
repens,
(Huntsman's Side-saddle
introduced
to Sept. Temp., March Propagate by division of
scarlet, summer,
Horn;
Flower).
perennials.
sun.
from
First
"
creeping. Chili. Indian Cup; N. American Ord. HalfSarraceniaceae.
introduced
1752.
Leaves,
pitcher-shaped,recticulated. INDOOE CULTUEE: Compost, equal parts fibry peat sphagnum
house Green-
"
herbaceous CULTUEE: with
summer, to 3
moss.
Position,
cool
moist
corner
of
greenhouse
". or
lar, tubu-
chopped fernery,
cold frame, or Wardian in dwelling room. case Pots to Pot, March. two-thirds full of drainage. Place pot containing plant inside another pot two sizes larger," fillspace between with sphagnum moss. Water freely, April to Oct.; very little in winter. Syringe foliage Shade gently daily in summer. from bright sun. Top-dress in with little decayed manure. summer a OUTDOOE CULTUEE OF S. PURPUEEA ; be
Compost, equal parts
peat
"
sphagnum
moss.
Po.sition,fully exposed liog garden 386
or
moist
ENCYCLOPJCDIA
rookery. Plant, March Water layer of moss. " hybrids by division
OF
GARDENING.
April. Keep surface of soil covered with freelyin summer. Propagate all the' species in March or April. or
SPECIES and
CCTLTIVATED: S. Drummondii, flowore purple, June, leaves white, purple, 2 ft., N. America; Olaytoni, leaves purple, 1 ft., hybrid; flava (Trumpet Leaf), yellow, June, 2 ft.,N. America; flava atrosanguinea, lid of pitcher and yellow; flava Cateebrei,wings of pitcher veined cream with red; flava limbata, lid of crimson and brown pitcher margined psittacina, flowers purple, leaves ; veined rod or purple, N. Amei^ioa; flowers purple, spring, leaves veined purpurea, purple, N. America; rubra, flowers reddish, leaves veined purple, N. America: variolaris,flowers yellow, leaves spotted with white, N. America. Sa.rsa.parilla (Smllax glauca). See Smilax. Satin-flower." See Sisyrinchium. Sa.tin Poppy (Meconopsis Wallichii). See Meconopsis. green,
"
"
Satureia annual shoots
"
(Summer
"
perennial evergreen
used
for
CULTURE
Winter herbs.
flavouringsoups
"
Savory)." First
salads,
for
"
Hardy
Labiatse.
Ord.
Aromatic boilingwith peas "
introduced
1562.
OF
SUMMEE SAVORY annual. : Hardy Soil, ordinary. Sow Thin seeds \ in. deep in drills 12 in. apart. in weather. seedlingswhen 2 in. High to 6 in. apart. Water freely dry Pull plants up when in flower, " dry for winter use. CULTURE OP WINTER SAVORY shrub. : Hardy Soil, evergreen 12 in. Plant, March or ordinary. Position, sunny. April apart in 15 in. asunder. Prune in closely in Oct., " top-dress with manure. rows Renew as Propagate by seeds sown plantations every fourth year. advised for annual also of inserted iu shoots species, by cuttings young border in division of in roots March. shady April, ANNUAL SPECIES S. hortensis : (Summer Savory), lilac, July, 6 to 8 in Mediterranean Uegion. PERENNIAL SPECIES: S. montana (Winter Savory), purple, June, 6 to 12 in., ' Europe. ^Ord. Orchidaceae. Satyrium. Half-hardy terrestrial tuberousrooted orchids. First introduced 1842. CULTURE : Compost, equal parts good turfy loam, sandy peat, " silver sand. leaf-mould, charcoal coarse Position, well-drained in cold frame. to Nov., Pot, Aug. placing tubers lin. pots shady in 6-in. Make below " to 5 3 a surface, Plunge pot. compost firm. refuse. Water rims in cinder ashes cocoanut-fibre to or copiously pots from time growth begins till foliage fades; then keep nearly dry. flower stimulants from Remove weak Apply April till flowers fade. Protect from when blooms fade. 2 3 or Repot every spikes years. ashes. cinder of cocoanut-fibre refuse Dec. to Feb. or by covering
Position, sunny.
,
"
Propagate by SPECIES
S. Africa:
division
CULTIVATED: white carneum,
Sauromatum
Aug. to Nov. oandidum, white, fragrant, Aug. and Sept., 1 ft., and pink, June, 1 ft., S. Africa. Half(Monarch of the East). Ord. Aroideae. of tubers, S.
"
flower roots " arum-like spatlies. hardy perennial, with tuberous in tubers in autumn, them CULTURE a : Purchase place dry saucer the flower will No in few weeks in a warm " a, spathe room, appear. After soil or needed. water flowering, plant the tuber in a moist its leaf growth. Lift in Aug., keep iu a cool place outdoors to make indoors. in " saucer a Repeat the operation year place, again place
by
year.
CULTIVATED S. guttatum, : purple, yellow and green, spring, 1 ft..Central Asia. Saussurea Ord. (Saw-wort). Compositse. Hardy First introduced 1816. herbs. SPECIES
"
387
winter
or
perennial 0
2
GARDENING.
OF
ENCYOLOPMDIA
rockeries for S. alpina; Position, sunny CULTURE : Soil, ordinary. Plant, Oct., Nov., etc. for S. pulchella,S. pgymaea, borders sunny in. J deep in ordinary soil March or April. Propagate by seeds sown transplantingseedlingswhen three in
positionoutdoors, April,
sunny
or
four
S.
CULTIVATED:
SPEOIBS 2
formed.
have
leaves
japonioa (Syn.
japonica),purple,
Seratala
summer,
ft,, Japan.
(Juniperussabina). See Juniperus. (Satureiahortensis " montana). See Satureia.
Savin-tree
Savory Savoy.
"
"
See
"
Brassica.
(Ophrys tenthredinera). See Ophrys. (Saussureajaponica). See Saussurea. Ord. Saxifragacea. Pride). (Bockfoil; London rockeries and for Interestingplants perennials.
Orchis
Savtffly Saw-wort
"
"
Saxifraga Hardy " tender
"
Saxifrages, leaves silvery,borne in (1) Encrusted " moss-like; (3)Megasea leaves rosettes; Saxifrages, green Miscellaneous " type, leaves leathery; (4) Saxifrages, leaves, large Classes
borders.
;
(2)Moss
in varied CULTURE
form.
tion, PosiSECTION Soil, gritty loam. : in Plant walls. old rockeries or ledges or sunny in vertical fix with to loam Mix cow plants a dung spring. rocks. S. Cotyledon pyramidalis a good plant for cool greenhouse. " one Grow in compost of two part of equal proportions parts loam Place Five-inch sand. " old of leaf-mould, pots suitable. mortar, Water into till then in cold frame remove greenhouse. March, in wellin grittyloam Propagate by seeds sown moderately in winter. after ing. floweroffsets in in cold frame drained directly spring; by ENCRUSTED of little fresh
OF
fissues
pans
loam. SECTION Soil, ordinary moist : for borders to choice kinds, edgings Position, ledges Plant bulbs. of beds of choice surface or commoner carpeting ones; in pans of gritty in autumn or spring. Propagate by seeds sown in frame in cold of shoots in soil in cold frame spring; cuttings MOSSY rockeries
OF
CULTURE
of
for
in spring. SECTION: Position, MEGASEA Soil, ordinary. " Good Plant town in autumn borders. or or spring. shady sunny in soil in cold suburban light garden plants. Propagate by seeds sown in spring; division in autumn or frame spring. S. MISCELLANEOUS SECTION OF CULTURE ; Soil, ordinary for loam moist for other " umbrosa, Geum; species. Position, shady " Granulata Geum borders for S. umbrosa, ; moist fl.-pl. shady rockery " rotundifolia for Andrewsii, cunefolia, oppositifolia, rockery ; sunny burseriaua " or for sancta; margins of water-courses apiciilata, damp borders for peltata; damp walls or rockeries for Sibthorpii; Plant in autumn walls for sarmentosa. or spring. Propagate sunny in grittysoil in pans in cold frame in spring; division by seeds sown
summer
;
CULTURE
in
division OP
spring. OF
CULTURE leaf-mould
"
TENDER
silver
sand.
SPECIES: Soil, equal parts loam, peat, Position, pots or baskets suspendednear
Water Pot in spring. 55" Oct. March to to very offsets in to Oct. 65" to 70". 60" ; March Propagate by spring. S. Aizoon, wliite,June, 3 to 6 in., Arotio ENCRUSTED SPECIES: creamy its varieties balearioa (white and crimson), carinthiaca (white), Reg;ions, and Griesbachii (snowy (white (white), la graveana white), marginata (rose), intaota roof
of
greenhouse, moderately in
or
close
autumn
window. to sunny " winter. Temp.,
388
GARDENING.
OF
ENCYCLOPMDIA
(Lobelia cardinalis). See Lobelia. Lychnis (Lychnis chalcedonica). See Lychnis. See Acer. Maple (Acer rubrum). Lily (Lilium chalcedonicum). Martagon Lobelia.
Scarlet Scarlet Scarlet Scarlet Lilium. Scarlet Scarlet Scarlet Mimulus. Scarlet Scarlet Scarlet Phaseolus. Scarlet Scarlet Scarlet Scarlet Scarlet
"
"
"
"
(Salviafulgen8\" See Salvia. Mitre-pod (Mitraria coccinea). See Mitraria. cardinalis). Monkey-flovwer (Mimulus
See
Sage
Mexican
"
"
(Mimulus cardinalis). See Mimulus. (Quercus coccinea). See Quercus. Runner Bean (Phaseolus multiflorus).
Musk Oak
Sec
"
"
"
Sec
(Salviacoccinea " S. splendens). See Salvia. mocciniana). See Scutellaria. (Scutellaria Twin-flower (Bravoa geminiflora).See Bravoa. Wind-flovwer (Anemone fulgens). See Anemone. Wound-wwort (Stachys coccinea). See Stachys. Aroideae. Stove Ord. perennial herbs. Schismatoglottis. 1862. introduced First Orn. Leaves, oblong or heart-shaped, foliage. with or silver-grey,purple or yellow. striped green Sage
"
Skull-cap
"
"
"
"
"
CULTURE
Compost, equal parts sandy loam,
;
fibrous
peat,
leaf-
silver sand. Position, well-drained mould, pots in shady part of rately March. Water stove. Pot, Feb. or April to Sept.; modecopiously, stimulants to afterwards. Sept. Apply Syringe daily, April 55" to 65"; Temp., Sept. to Marcn occasionallyduring summer. March. Feb. or to Sept. 75" to 85". March Propagate by division, "
CULTIVATED:
SPECIES
Lavallei, leaves grey, leaves Siam.
Borneo;
spotted
S.
with
mottled
Plant, Sept.
Borneo; silvery
with New blotched Guinea; pulchra, neoguinensis, j[ellow, white, siamensis, leaves spotted with silvery white, Borneo;
"
Ord. introduced "
Oct.
frame,
July
or
firm to
1806.
Hardy
Leaves, large
"
evergreen
climbing
handsome.
Berries,
"
Oct. 8.
CULTIVATED:
Maguoliacese.
walls or arbours. peat. Position, sunny April. Prune straggly shoots, April. Propagate shoots inserted in sandy peat under bell-glass
Soil, loam
by cuttings of SPECIES
grey, with
with
Schizandra. shrubs. First scarlet. CULTURE:
in cold
with silvery orispata, leaves banded Malaya; longispatha, leaves banded
grey, leaves
sinensis, rose,
summer,
1 6to
20 ft., China.
Fringe Flower). Ord. Solanaceae. (Butterfly First annual herbs. introduced 1822. Half-hardy CULTURE OUTDOOR : Soil, good ordinary rich. Position, sunny borders. Sow seeds thinly in pots, pans, or boxes filled with beds or Cover slightly lightsoil," place in temp. 65" to 75" in Feb. or March. when lin. fine mould. with high, 4 in a. 3-in. Transplant seedlings in " off in out harden Sow also similarly frame, plant May. pot, " in 3-in. 3 shelf in light airy a in place on Aug., transplant pot, until then out. Sow likewise outdoors followingMay, plant greenhouse end of April where required to grow. SchizanthUS
CULTURE
or
"
one part loam, half a part each of decayed little sand. Sow seeds thinly in above compost frame in Aug. in cool greenhouse or Transplant seedlings singly in shelf in greenhouse (temp. 45" to 55") untif Jan., on 3-in. pots, " grow 6-in. to in light position. Water transfer then modepots, " grow
POT
manure
"
;
Compost,
leaf-mould,
390
EN
CYCLOPEDIA
GAEVENING.
OF
sionally occarately in winter; freely other times. Apply weak stimulanta whilst flowering. Support plants with For stakes. summer seeds in temp. bb" to 65" in Feb. March, flowering,sow or ing transplantwhen 1 in. high to 3-in. pots, then into 5-in. pots.
SPECIES and its rose,
13 to 18 in., CULTIVATED: S. Grahami, lilao and orango, BUmmer, varieties,oarmineus (carmine) and lilacineus (lilaoand yellow) ; pinnatus, 13 to 18 in., and its varietie's,atropurpureus and purple and yellow, summer,
papilionaoeus, roseus 18
in., and of
Natives
its
and
violaceus
variety alba;
Chili
and
;
retusus,
crimson
rose,
wisetonensis, pink, white,
and
and
summer,
orange,
brown,
1
summer,
ft.
Peru.
Schizocodon. Ord. Diapensiaceffi.Hardy perennial herb suitable for rockery culture. CULTURE Position, : Soil, equal parts sandy peat " leaf-mould. "
partiallyshady border, rhododendron April. Water freely in dry weather. cocoanut-fibre in April. SPECIES
refuse
"
CULTIVATED:
or
2
May. in. high
Ord.
"
cold
or
rose,
Cruciferae.
frame.
with
Protect
Propagate
S. soldanelloides,
Schizopetalon. introduced CULTURE
bracken.
dry
bed,
by 4.
March,
Plant,
layer
thick
division
of
in., Japan. annual.
Half-hardy
of
root*
First
1821. :
rich soil in open border, seeds in light warm seeds lightlywith fine soil. Thin seedlings when 4 in. apart. Support plants when 6 to 12 in. or
Sow
Cover to
3
April 1 to
high
Sow also thinly with small bushy twigs. Water freelyin dry weather. of " sand with in well-drained filled loam, peat, placed compost pans in temp, of 55" to 65", Feb. or April; transplantingseedlings 3 or 4 in 3-in. pots filled with above " plant off in cold frame compost; harden out in May. S. Walkeri, white, almond 1 to 3 ft.. SPECIES CULTIVATED : scented, summer, Chili.
,
Schizophragprna
Hardy
(Climbing Hydrangea). Ord. self-clingingclimbing flowering "
evergreen 1879. introduced CULTURE : Soil, only. Plant, Oct. or
Saxifragacese. shrub.
First
districts ordinary. Position, sunny wall in warm Prune shoots into straggly shape, April. April. under a bell-glassin temp. Propagate by cuttings inserted in sand 55" in spring. CULTIVATED
SPECIES
S.
:
hydrangeoidos, white
or
pink, autumn,
10 to 15 ft.,
Japan.
(Caffre Lily;
SchizostyliS
Hardy
bulbous
or
Crimson
rhizomatous-rooted
Flag).
perennial.
"
Iridaceae. Ord. First introduced
1864.
CULTURE OUTDOOR Position, warm : Soil, moist loamy. sunny Protect weather in March. to Oct. severe border. ing Plant, by coverin summer Water " apply of dry litter. freelyin dry weather stimulants occasionally. CULTURE POT : Compost, two parts loam, one part decayed manure, Nov. to March. Position, cold frame, Dec. to April; little sand. Pot, in of rim border, April to Sept.; cold pots sunny plunged to the Dec. Water copiouslysummer ; moderately other greenhouse, Sept. to in summer. times. occasionally Repot annually. Apply stimulants or April. Propagate by division of rhizomes or roots in March S. coooinea, crimson, Oct. and CULTIVATED : SPECIES Nov., 1 to 3 ft., S. Africa.
Schomburgkia. introduced
First CULTURE
:
"
Ord.
Orchidaceae.
Stove
epiphytalorchids.
1834.
Compost, sphagnum 391
moss
"
fibrous
peat. Position
on
GABDENING.
OF
ENCYCLOPEDIA
Pot or in well-drained roof from or pots or pans. period. Water growing Keep March. during freely re-block, Feb. or Shade from until flowers sun. has completed appear. dry after growth March to essential Temp., during growing period. Moist atmosphere 60" 70". March winter. to to 75" Resting to 85"; Sept. period, Sept. at apex Flowers of new to Oct. appear Growing period, March division. pseudo-bulbs. Propagate by 8. "Lyonsii, CULTIVATED: white, brown, yellow, and purple, 1 ft., SPECIES W. white, BUmmer, thomsoniana, aulphur yellow, purple, and .Tamaioa; Indies; and TibiciniB 1 ft., Orohid), crimBon, purple, orange, white, summer, (Cow-bom
suspended
blocks
Honduras.
Schubertia.
"
Sciadopitys
conifer.
Hardy
evergreen tapering, borne
variegated
See Araujia. (ParasolFir Tree; Umbrella
in
with
tufts
at
Pine). Ord. Coniferae. "
First 1861. introduced Leaves, long, the end of shoots, parasol-like; green or
pale yellow.
CULTURE from ; Soil, rich moist loam. Position, sheltered ing piercwinds. ported Plant, Sept.,Oct., March or April. Propagate by imseeds sown ^ in. deep in pots filled with moist sandy loam, " or placed in cold frame greenhouse, transplantingseedlingsoutdoors in. or followingspring; J deep outdoors in April in moist bed of sandy
transplantingseedlingsnext
loam,
CULTIVATED:
SPECIES
Scilla
"
CULTURE
in
HALF-HARDY
OF
part decayed
one
small
SPECIES
cow
"
manure
light cool greenhouse. Pot, Aug. in threes in 5-in. pots. Water
after floweringceases 40" to 50" ; March to Sept. June frame, sunny HARDY SPECIES CULTURi: OF in beds, borders, on grass sunny March
Nov.
ju lines 2 in.
deep
"
with POT mould
decayed
or
:
Compost,
sand. to
Dec,
two
parts sandy
Position, well-drained
largebulbs
singly,or
apart ; large Nov.
manure,
bulbs
4
in.
for
planting: Small bulbs 2 in. deep "t 3 to 4 in. apart Mulch
Lift, divide,
CULTURE or
: Soil, deep sandy loam. Position, lawns, or rockeries. Plant, Aug.
Depth
masses.
"
replant
every
bulbs, lin.
third year. one part leaf-
parts sandy loam, Pot, Aug. to part river sand. in 5-in. a apart, pot; or 3 to 5 largepots. Position, under layer of cinder
: Compost, well-decayed cow manure,
two
Nov., placing small
one
deep in similar then from time of potting till growth commences, till past flowering, afterwards greenhouse or window
sized bulbs ashes
hardy
freely when growth begins; " leaves begin to decay. Temp., Oct. to Oct. 55" to 65". Stand pots in cold
ones
keep dry
to
"
plants.
loam,
to
to 120 ft., Japan. Liliacese. Greenhouse
Bell). Ord.
(Squill; Blue
bulbous
pots
year.
S. Terticillata,80
1 in.
in cold frame, in sunny spot till commences weak stimulants
cool outdoors.
time Water moderately from growth then keep dry. Repot annually. Apply twice or once during flowering period. Propagate by seeds sown in 1-16 in. deep in lightsandy soil in boxes or cold frame, or outdoors when lifting" planted, as Sept. ; offsets from old bulbs removed for full-sized bulbs. advised Seedlings flower when 3 to 4 years old. 6 to 13 in., Algeria; peruHALP-HAIIDT SPECIES: S. peruviana, lilao. May, viana
foliagefades,
alba, white. SPECIES: HARDT bifolia rosea, rose \\\
Kiirope;
S. ;
bifolia,blue, March, 6 in., Europe: blfolia alba, white; (Syn. S. nutans),the Bluebell, blue, April, 8 to 15 in.,
festalis
festalis
alba,
white;
festalis
1 hispanica (Spanish Squill), blue, May, flosh ; hispanioa rosea, liispanioa oarnea, (Siberian Squill),blue, Feb., 3 to G in., Asia
393
rosea,
rose;
ft., Europe;
festalis
cernua,
blue;
hispanioa alba, white; rose; hispanica rubra, red; sibirica sibirioa alba, white. Minor;
ENCYCLOPEDIA
OF
OARDBNING.
Scirpus (Club Grass; Eush). Ord. water hardy perennial marsh or plants. "
CTJLTUEE
OF
HARDY
lakes, streams,
of
division, Oct.
to
Cyperaceas.
"
Greenhouse
SPECIES: gins Soil, ordinary. Position, marponds. Plant, Oct. to April. Propagate by
"
April.
CULTURE OP GREENHOUSE SPECIES: Compost, equal parts loam, leaf -mould, " little sand. Position, small pots arranged along front of staging,or in hanging baskets. Water Pot, Feb. or March. March to other times. Oct., moderately Temp., March abundantly to Oct. SS'^to 65" ; Oct. to March 45" to 55". Propagate by division of plants in March. HARDY
Rush),
SPECIES
ringed
stems
GREENHOUSE 3
to
6
S. : with
laouatris
SPECIES:
in., leaves
nodosns
S. slender
round,
ScolopendriUlYl
and
zebrina 4 to
reddish,
(Syn.
(Variegated Porciiijine 5
ft., Britain.
Isolepi"gracilis), the
Club
Rush,
drooping, Tropics.
(Hart's-tongue Fern)." -Ord.
fern. Fronds, CULTURE
evergreen OUTDOOR
Tabernsemontani
yellow, inflorescence
strap-shaped,crested,
or
Filices.
Hardy
contorted.
; Soil, one part each of fibrous peat " loam, rubbish. mortar or oyster shells, " limestone Position, shady borders, rookeries, chinks of old stone or brick walls, or
"
of
one
sand,
broken
frame, greenhouse Feb.
or
March.
or
Water
Compost,
varieties,
omnilacerum,
on
Shade to
division
time;
Position, pots from
sun
essential.
in
cold
Pot,
Oct., moderately afterwards.
of fine
surface
weather.
above.
of
peat in well-drained pans, -or plants, March April.
vnlgare, 6 to 18 in., Europe (Britain), etc., and its marginatum, grandioeps, Kelwayi, crispum, cristatum, trade other lists for undulatum, variegatum, etc. See
CULTIVATED:
numerous
as
dwelling-room. freelyMarch
Propagate by spores sown placed in temp, of 75" any SPECIES
copiouslyin dry
Water
banks. Plant, April. INDOOR CULTURE;
S.
as
ramosum,
forms.
Thistle). Scoiymus (Spanish Oyster Plant; Golden First positae. Hardy annual, biennial, " perennialherbs. "
Ord. Comintroduced
1630. Plant borders. Position, sunny nial perenSow seeds of annual to Oct. species April. species(S.grandittorus), (S. maculatus) " of biennial species(S.hispanicus)Jin. deep where or April-. Thin seedlingsto 8 or 12 in. apart requiredto grow in March as above, when in. 2 high. Propagate perennialspeciesby seeds sown
CULTURE
or
by
:
division
ANNUAL BIENNIAL
Aug.,
2 to
3
PERENNIAL
Soil, ordinary.
in
of roots
April.
yellow, July, 2 to hispanicus (Spanish Oyster
SPECIES: SPECIES:
S. maculatus,
ft., roots
edible, Europe.
S.
SPECIES
:
S.
grandiflorus,yellow. May,
3 or
3
ft., Europe. Golden
ft., N.
Thistle),yellow. Africa.
See Myosotis. (Myosotisdissitiflora). Scorpion Iris. See Iris alata). (Iris Scorpion Senna. (CoronillaEmerus). See Coronilla. Scorpion ceous Scorzonera (Vipers'Grass). Ord. Compositae. Hardy herba1576. First introduced Roots, perennial with edible roots.
Grass
"
"
"
"
with dark skin, sweet-flavoured. Soil, ordinary fine, rich, deeply trenched, free from of three or four, seeds in groups Sow stones. Position, sunny, open. Thin seedlings in in. " 18 in. drills in April. apart in. deep, I 12 apart,
carrot-shaped, white CULTURE:
flower heads Remove soon as high to one in each group. in layers " store their twist off in leaves, roots the Oct., Lift seen. as until required for outhouse in cellar or soil between sand or with lib. sulphate of amfor: kainit, Artiiicial 2Jlb. raanuies cooking.
when
3 in.
393
GAllDBNING.
OF
BNOrCLOPJBniA
mixed, per square rod (30J aq. yards),applied 2^ lb. of guano, Requires to be raised from seed annually for sowing in spring. Seeds germinate in 7 to 12 producing roots for culinary purposes. Crop days, and retain their vegetative powers for two to three years. reaches in weeks. 18 maturity soils unsuitable. Maeket Cultubb: Soil, deep, sandy; poor, shallow kainit No but cwt. of 3 Manures : farmyard dung, per acre, before of in 5 cwt. sowing, winter; just superphosphate ploughed during monia, before
of soda after nitrate six weeks 1 cwt. sowing. Sow in April, Thin in in. seed 18 drills seedlingsearly to 9 in. apart. sowing thinly and
in bundles acre
:
of 8 to
8 to
12
in
store
even
of seed
to 300
Average yieldper acre, Average priceper doz. bundles, hispanioa, yellow,
June
to
bushels.
sow
an
Average
4s. to 4s. 6d. Sept., 2 to 3 ft., S.
years.
S.
Market
clumps outdoors.
Quantity
straight roots.
CULTIVATED:
SPECIES
and
200
12 lb.
seeds, 2
life of
in November
Lift roots
apart.
to
Europe.
(Crocus biflorus).See
Scotch Scotch Scotch Scotch Scotch Scotch
Crocus Elm
Scotch Scotch Scotch
Primrose Rose Shamrock
Crocus.
"
(Ulmus montana). See Ulmus. Fir (Pinus sylvestris). See Piuus. Heather (Erica cinerea). See Erica. "
"
"
Kale. Laburnum
"
See
Brassica.
(Laburnum alpinus). See Laburnum. (Primula scotia). See Primula. (Eosa spinosissima).See Eosa. (Trifoliumrepens purpureum). See "
"
"
"
Trifo-
lium.
Scotch Screw
Thistle Pine Pea."
Scurvy Scutellaria Stove
and
herbaceous
(Onopordon acanthium).- See Onopordon. "
(Pandanus See
odoratissimus). "
See
Pandanus.
Psoralea.
(Helmet Flower; perennials.
Skull
Cap). "
Ord.
Scrophulariacea?.
OF STOVE SPECIES : Compost, two parts loam, one part " sand. Position, equal proportionsof leaf-mould, decayed manure, of year. lightpart of stove, Sept. to June; sunny cold frame remainder Prune shoots directly after flowering(Feb.) to Pot, Feb. or March. Good within 3 in. of ba'^e. drainage essential. Nip off pointsof main 3 in. long, also of lateral shoots of similar length, when shoots when Water induce to bushy growth. freely April to Sept., moderately a afterwards. once Syringe daily April to Sept. Apply stimulants Juno 55" Dec. to to March March to to week 65"; May Temp., Sept.
CULTUEE
of
70" to 80'^. CULTUEE sunny
replant only of firm
OP
borders
or
when
shoots,
2
HAEDY SPECIES; rockeries. Plant,
Soil, ordinary. March
or
STOVE
SPECIES:
HAHDT
and
SPECIES:
blue, July, 1 ft., N.
open divide "
April. Lift,
Propagate stove species by cuttings overgrown. bellin light sandy soil under to 3 in. long, inserted
glass in temp. 75" to 85" in spring; hardy species by in April; division of roots in March or April. cininna, scarlet
Position,
S.
ooooinea,
scarlet, summer,
12
18
to
2 to 3 ft., Mexico. yellow, summer, S. alpina, purple, Aug., 6 to 8 in.,
S.E.
seeds
sown
in., Colombia; Europe;
doors outmoe-
Intcrifolia,
America.
Scutlcarla." Ord. introduced 1834. CULTUEE: Compost, with little sand " moss,
Orchidacce.
Stove
epiphytalorchids.
equal parts fibry peat
"
chopped sphagnum
Position, well-drained
charcoal. 394
First
pots, pans,
bnuyc'loPjEdia baskets
or
in Water
gardening.
of
light part
mences. of greenhouse. Pot when new growth comNov. to March March. to from Nov., moderately frsely twice daily whilst making growth. Ventilate or freely Oct. 55" to 65"; Oct. to April 45" to 55". Temp., April to
Syringe once May to Sept. Growing period,Feb. division
by
to March ; resting period,Oct. to Feb. pseudo-bulbs immediatelyafter flowering.
of
S. Hadweni, SPECIES CULTIVATED: greenish yellow, white, and to 18 in., Brazil; white and Steelii,yellow, chocolate, creamy periods of the year, British Guiana.
ScyphanthUS.
See
"
Buckthorn
Sea Sea Sea
BugrlOSS.
orthia.
Heath
See Anchusa.
"
(Pancratium maritimum). See Pancratium. (Eryngium maritimum)." See Eryngium. "
EryngO
Seaf
Grammatocarpus.
(Hippophae rhamnoides)." See Hippophae.
Daffodil
Sea Sea
"
See
Archontophoenix.
(Frankenia laevis).See (Eryngium maritimum).
Fraukenia.
"
Holly
summer,
rose,
purple, -various
9
Sea,
Propagate
"
See Beet Lavender
Seakale." Seakale
See
Erygium.
Crambe.
(Beta Cicla). "
See
Beta.
See Statice. (StaticeLimonium). See Flovwer (Dicentra spectabilis).- Dicentra. See Uniola. Oat (Uuiola latifolia). Pink (Armeriamaritima). See Armeria. Daffodil Sea-shore (Narcissusodorus). See Narcissus. Sea-side Poppy (Glaucium luteum). See Glaucium. Rocket Sea-side (Cakilemaritima). See Cakile.
Sea Seal Sea Sea
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
(Aeplenium marinum).
Spleenwort
Sea-side
"
See
Asple-
nium.
(Matthiolasinuata). See Matthiola. (Aster tripolium). See Aster.
Stock Sea-side Starvwort Sea
Sedgre. Sedum
(Stonecrop).Ord. Crassulaceae. biennials, " herbaceous perennials,
loam.
Plant
Nov
hardy
green everorn.
Water freelyApril to Oct., very little afterwards. to Oct. 45" to 55". 40" to 50" ; March to March or SPECIES : Soil, ordinary PERENNIAL HARDY OP " rockeries borders. or shady dryish Position,
April
Oct Temp OXJLTUEE
sandy
"
Flowering "
SPECIES : Compost, two parts sandy GREENHOUSE of equal proportionsof dried part brick rubbish, one part in greenhouse. Pot, sunny Position, pots or pans " sand.
dung to
Greenhouse annuals.
OF
CULTURE loam, one Feb
Carex. "
"
cow
See
"
"
"
sunny
to
April. Lift, divide OF
CULTURE dryish banks, rockeries,
"
replanttriennially.
SPECIES
ANNUAL
:
Soil, ordinary.
Position, sunny
seeds thinly in April where Sow with fine soil. Thin 3 to 6 m. apart "equired to grow, and lightlycover named below by species greenhouse Propagate 2 in high. when fine filled with compost or well-drained pans pots in sown seeds " sand, " placed m loam temp, of of equal parts brick rubble, sandy brick rubble, also by cuttings of shoots inserted m to May; 55" Feb of roots at potdivision ting 55" in to 45" summer; "'sand,in or
borders.
temp.
loam
time. Hardy speciesbjrseeds or April. of the roots in March ANNUAL
HaW
-acre
SPECIES:
PERENNIAL aureum,
8.
oasruleum, SPECIES
:
sown
outdoors
blue, July, 3 S.
acre
golden foliage; Aizoon, 395
in.,
S.
in
April, or
division
Europe.
tain (Stonecrop), yellow June, 3 in., Brialbum 1 ft., Siberia; yellow, summer,
ENOYCLOPJSDIA
GARDENING.
OF
4 in., Europe (Worm Grass), white, summer, (Britain); brevifolium, white, June, in., Mediterranean Region; Ewersii, pink, Aug., 4 to 6 in., Siberia; higpanioum dasyphyllum, pink, (Syn. S. glauoum), pink and white, July, 3 in., S. Europe; lydium, 6 in., Eamtsohatka; July, 3 in., Europe; kamtsohaticum, yellow, autumn, white and 3 in., pink, Aug., 2 in., Asia red, Minor; maximum, pink, summer, 1ft., Japan; oppositifolia, Au^., 1 to 2 ft., Europe; Maximowioszii, yellow, summer, white, July, 6 in., Caucasus; populifolium, pink, Aug., 8 to 10 in., Siberia; pul4 to 6 in., N. America; reflezum, yellow, summer, chellum, rosy purple, summer, 6 to 10 in., 8 to 10 in., Europe; roseum (Rose Root), reddish purple, summer, stolonifenun N. 1 to 2 ft., Japan; Zone; Temperate spectabile, pink, autumn, and its varieties albom 6 in., Caucasus, (Syn. S. spurium), pink, summer, (white) and 1 ft., LiTe-long), pink, summer, splendens (red); telephium (Orpine or Pyrenees. 3
Sieboldii
medio-pictum, pink, summer, variegatam (Syn. S. pink, China. striped with white, stems variegatum), leaves green Sela.g;il^6ll3' (Creeping Moss; Tree Club Moss). Ord. S.
SPECIES:
GREENHOUSE
blotched
with
in., Japan;
0
white,
sarmentosum
leaves carneum
LycopoFirst foliageplants. Evergreen. or creeping or erect; branched; green "
greenhouse
" Stove diacejB. 1860. introduced
Fronds,
orn.
variegated. CTJLTUEE
:
March.
or
Compost, equal parts fibrous peat
Position, pots, pans,
moss.
or
rockeries
copiouslyApril
Water
Syringe daily April 55" to 65" ; March 40" to 50" ; March
Sept. Shade from Sept. 70" to 80" for
to
Sept.55"
to 65" for inserted in
SPECIES: W.
orythropus, W". Indies; GREENHOUSE Braunii, 12
Pot or plant Feb. Sept., moderately afterwards. sun. Temp., Sept. to March
stove species ; Sept. to March greenhouse species. Propagate
above compost in v?ell-drained in a temp, of 80" at all seasons. S. canaliculata, creeping, Trop. Asia; cuspidata, W. Indies; hcematodes, Galeolottii, C. America; grandis, Borneo; Indies;
by cuttingsabout 3 in. long pots, " plunged in cocoanut-fibre STOVE
to
to
to
chopped sphagnum
"
in shade.
Wildencvi,
climbing,
SPECIES:
refuse
Trop.
S.
Asia.
(Syn.
apus
kraussiana 18 in., China; aurea, or trailing, S. Africa ; kraussiana Mexico variegata, variegated ; ; Martensii to
S.
apoda
(Syn. Lycopodium
or
densa), N. America; denticulatum), oreeping
foliage golden ; Martensii, 6 to 12 in., (Syn. S. csesia),trailing,China. terrestrial orchids Ord. Orchidaceae. Stove Selenipedium. the latter in their long, allied to Cypripediums, but differing from The stem. on a leaves, and bearing several flowers narrow green and twisted. are mostly long sepals,moreover, unoioata
"
CULTURE moss
;
sand.
"
Compost,
drained Water freelyMarch April. to Sept. 65" to 85" ; March
growths
by division
of the
or
pans
part sphagnum of their depth. to Oct., moderately afterwards. 60" to 65". Sept. to March one-third
of in centre Flowers appear finished. Propagate all the species
Resting period, none.
desirable.
last made
parts rough fibrypeat, one
Position, pots
or Repot, March Temp.,
Shade
two
after roots
growth at
has
potting or planting time.
and S. boissorianum, white, autumn, CULTIVATED: yellow, green various Bolivia; oaudatum, oaricinum, white, rose, yellow and green, seasons, lindleyanum, America; and spring, Central white, crimson, bronze green, creamy and yellow, and Guiana; rose, longifolium, green, red, winter, British green all the and Costa Rica yellow, Schlimii, white, rose, white, various seasons, ; SPECIES
Peru;
year,
Colombia.
Also
many
Sempervivum hardy succulent-leaved CULTURE
OF
HARDY
hybrids
for
which
see
trade
lists.
" Greenhouse (House-leek). Ord. Crassulaceae. perennials. Leaves, fleshy,green or variegated. taining SPECIES sandy, con: Soil, ordinary light, "
chinks, crevices, Position, open " sunny; a little old mortar. If to June. March borders. to Plant, or ledges of rockeries ; edgings double rows. in or Topsingle used for edgings, plant close together Housewith old " dried cow dung. Common dress annually in March 396
CULTURE
CINERARIA:
S.
OF
GARDENING.
OF
ENCYCLOr^niA
Compost,
same
Pot,
above.
as
Water Lift in Sept. moderately in June. outdoors Plant March. in inserted in pots. Propagate by cuttings of side shoots if grown in. deep same seeds in in 65" sown soil March; of J sandy pots temp. time and soil,transplanting seedlingsinto small pots and growing in till June.
greenhouse CULTURE
loam. Position, SPECIES : Soil, deep rich with border. or Plant, March April. Mulch
HARDY
OP
moist
partially shady Water freely in dry weather. annually in March. decayed manure in seeds sown April1-16 in. deep in a Propagate greenhouse speciesby in well-drained " of sand, loam, leaf-mould, pots equal parts compost soil in " similar inserted 63" in to 75"; cuttings or by temp. pans in. seeds sown in J deep or summer. Hardy by species spring temp, in
outdoors
8. 1
double, summer,
and
of the roots in March or elegans), elcgans (Syn. Jacoba?a
April.
division
April;
SPECIES:
ANNUAL
2
to
colours, single
various
ft., S. Africa. "
Dusty maritima), the {Syn. Cineraria also for carpet bedding, silvery, 1 to 2 ft., used Mediterranean cruenta), parent of the well-known (Syn. Cineraria Region ; cruentus 1 to 2 ft., perennial, but grown annual, Canaries; an as cinerarias, purple, summer, (German climber, S. Africa; mikanioides macroglossus {Cape Ivy), yellow, summer, Ivy), yellow, winter, climber, 8. Africa. doronicum 1 ft., HAEDT SPECIES S. (Leopard's : Bane), yellow, summer, Europe ; argenteus, foliage silvery, 1 ft.. Chili ; japonicus (Syn. Ligularia japonica), 4 to 5 ft., .Japan; K:i mpferi aureo-maculatus yellow, autumn, (^yn, Farorange, with and maeroyellow, white fugium grande), leaves blotched rose, 1 ft., Japan; 4 to 5 ft., Caucasus. phyllus (Syn. Ligularia macrophylla), golden yellow, summer, Senna See Cassia. Plant." SPECIES
GllEBNHOUSE
Miller,"
yellow,
Sensitive
Fern
(Onoclea sensibilis).See Onoclea. (Mimosa sensitiva)."See Mimosa. Red-wood;. (Mammoth Tree; Californian
Sensitive
"
Plant
Sequoia Hardy CULTURE
coniferous Soil, sandy loam
Plant,
or
Sept. Oct., April, or
J in. deep in well-drained
sown
frames
in
handle, shoots
6
inserted
Sept. " spring.
SPECIES Tree
of
"
pans
of
May. sandy
seeds
Propagate by loam
placedin
cold
spring; transplanting seedlings when large enough to in. apart in nursery 6 in. asunder; rows by cuttings of
frame, in
fers. ConiOrd. First introduced 1853. reclaimed Position, sunny bog.
trees.
evergreen ;
sheltered.
250
cineraria
8. : leaves
summer,
in sandy loam under Oct. ; variegated kinds
CULTIVATED:
California,
300
S.
gigantea
ft., California;
bell-glass, hand-light,or cold on common species
by grafting
(Syn. Wellingtonia gigantea), Mammoth sempervirens ^California Bedwood), 200
to
ft., California.
Serapias terrestrial CULTURE
(Tongue-flowered Orchid). "
orchids.
First
Compost,
introduced
Ord.
Orchidacese.
Hardy
1786.
loam or clay mixed with piecesof well-drained borders. Plant, August deep svinny to Nov., placing tubers 2 in. below surface. Water freely during with growing period. Mulch or decayed manure annually in March April. Lift " replantwhen unhealthy only. Propagate by division of tubers, Aug. to Nov.
limestonei
SPECIES
:
calcareous
Position,
CULTIVATED:
lingua, red and See Seratula.
Europe;
"
SeriCOSraphis." Gourd Serpent Beard Serpent's
S. oordigera, lavender and brown, spring, 1 ft., Europe. Saussurca.
See
brown,
summer,
1
ft.,
Jacobinia.
(TrichosanthesAnguin.T), ?ec Trichosanthes. (Ophiopogon japonicu.s).?ce Ophiopogon. "
"
398
ENCYCLOl'.JSDIA
Serpent's-tong^ue
OF
GARDKNING.
(Erythronium
americanum)."
Seo
Ery-
thronium.
Service-berry
(Amelanchier canadensis). See
Amelanchier.
"
Service-tree (Pyrus Seven Sisters Rose Seville Orangre-treef
Sorbus)."See Pyrus. (Eosa multiflora Grevillea)." (Citrus aurantium
Shaddock-tree
(Citrus decumana).
Shasgry-fruited
Rose Primrose
amara)."
See
"
Sec See
Citrus.
Sec Eose. (Eosa villosa)." See (Primula villosa)." (Lychnis liaageana)."See Lychnis.
Shag-gy-leaved Shag:g'y LycliniS
Rosa.
Citrus.
Shaggy
Primula.
Windflovver (Anemone vernalis). See Anemone. Shallon-Shrub (Gaultheria Shallon)." See Gaultheria. "
Shallot Shamrock
(Allium ascalonicum\
See
"
Onion.
Pea
(Parochetuscommunis). See Paroclietus. Jasmine (Trachelospermum jasminoides). See
Shanghai
"
"
mum Trachelosper
Shasta
.
Daisy
Sheep'S-bit Sheep's-poison
(Chrysanthemum
Scabious
1759.
mum. Chrysanthe-
See Jasione.
"
(Cheloneobliqua)."See
introduced
See
(Kalmia angustifolia)."See Kalmia. Chelone.
Shepherdia (Beef Suet Tree; Eabbit Ord. Elaeagnaceae. Hardy deciduous shrub. First
"
(Jasionemontana).
Laurel
Shell-flower
maximum).
Fruit, scarlet
"
Berry; Orn.
Buffalo Berry)." foliage " fruiting.
Leaves,
yellow.
ovate
"
silvery. CTJLTUEE inland or sown
J
Soil,
:
seaside
in.
deep
in Feb.
or
ordinary. Position, Plant, Oct.
gardens.
" shady shrubberies Propagate by seeds
or
open to
Feb.
outdoors Dec. ; by cuttings of roots in Nov. inserted or March in ordinary soil outdoors; layering shoots in
autumn. SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
Berry), yellow, spring, 6
ft., N.
8
to
S.
argentea
10
ft., N.
(Beef
America;
Suet
Tree, Rabbit Berry, Buffalo canadensis, yellow, spring, 3 to
America.
Shield
Fern
(Aspidium aculeatum
Shield-leaved
Saxifrage
angulare). See Aspidium. (Saxifragapeltata). See Saxi"
"
fraga. Shingle-plant Shirley Poppy. Shoe-black-plant Stars Shooting Shortia.
"
Ord.
See (Moustera deliciosa)." See
"
Monstera.
Papaver.
See Hibiscus. (Hibiscusrosa-sinensis). See Dodecatheon. (Dodecatheon Meadia). herb. First Hardy perennial Diapensiaceae. "
"
troduced in-
1888.
CtlLTUEE:
Soil, equal parts sandy peat bed, partiallyshady border, rhododendron
April.
Water
cocoanut-fibre in April. SPECIES
freely in dry weather. refuse
CULTIVATED:
"
dry S.
bracken.
"
leaf-mculd.
Position,
cold frame. Protect with thick Propagate by division or
galacifolia,white, spring, 3 to
G
in., N.
Plant,
layer
of
of roots Carolina;
uniflora, pink, spring, 6 in., Japan.
Shrubby Shrubby Siberian Siberian
Cinquefoil
See (Potentillafruticosa)."
Potentilla.
Meadow-sweet See (Spiraeaariasfclia)." Iris (Irissibirica'l. See Iris.
Spiraia.
"
La'dy'S-Slipper
(Cypripedium macranthum)."
Cypripedium. 399
See
Siberian
GARDENING.
OF
ENCYCLOPEDIA
(Delphinium grandiflorum).
Larkspur
"
nium. Delphi-
See
(Lilium dauricum). See Lilium. (Scillasibirica).See Scilla. Scrophulariaceae. Sibthorpia (Cornish Money-wort). Ord. A Greenhouse herb. " hardy creeping perennial pretty plant for with white. baskets. Leaves, round, small, hanging variegated Siberian Siberian
Orang^e Squill
Lily
"
"
"
Compost, equal parts loam, leaf-mould, " little sand. partiallyshady borders or rockeries outdoors, or in in cold or frame, or cool shady indoor fernery or greenhouse pots pans Pot under or or copiouslyin bell-glass. April. Water plant, March weather outdoors also to indoors, April Sept. ; moderately other dry ; culture. times. Moist atmosphere essential for indoor Propagate by in cold in of soil cuttings inserted light placed under bell-glass pots in division of plants April. greenhouse or frame in summer; CUIjTURE
:
Position, moist
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
S.
Sidalceai-^rd.
variegata, pink, July,
europsea
Malvaceae.
N.
Europe
perennial herbs.
Hardy
(Britain). First introduced
1838.
CULTURE:
Soil, ordinary.
to
April.Lift, divide,
by
seeds
sown
1 in.
when SPECIES
^ in.
high;
division
of
S. 3
summer,
in
roots, Oct.
ft., N.W.
America,
or
April,transplantingseedlings April.
to
Candida, white,
borders. Plant, Oct. four years. Propagate
sunny
three
every
deep in light soil
CULTIVATED:
flora, lilac,
Position,
replant
"
3
summer,
and
ft., New
Mexico;
malvse-
varieties, atropurpureum
its
Listeri (pink). (purple) and Side-saddle-flovtfer (Sarraceniapurpurea). See Sarracenia. Sieber's Crocus (CrocusSieberi). See Crocus. Siebold's Plantain Lily (Punkia Sieboldi).^See Punkia. Siebold's Primrose (Primula Sieboldi)."See Primula. Siebold's Stonecrop (Sedum Sieboldi). See Sedum. Sikkim Cowslip (Primula sikkimensis). See Primula. Sikkim Rhubarb (Rheum nobile). See Rheum. Silene (Campion; Catchfly). Ord. Caryophyllaceae. Hardy herbaceous annuals " perennials. ANNUAL AND BIENNIAL SPECIES CULTURE OF : Soil, ordinary beds or borders. Sow seeds in August light or sandy. Position, sunny or Sept., I in. deep iu a bed of lightrich soil; transplanting seedlings when 1 in. high, 2 to 3 in. apart ; ", plant 6 in. apart in floweringposition Sow also in similar depth " position in March for springblooming. 1 in. high to floweringpositionsfor summer in April,transplantwhen required to grow " flower in April,thinning blooming. Or sow where "
"
"
"
"
"
out
seedlings in May
or
June
to
6
in
apart.
PERENNIAL OF SPECIES: CULTURE Soil, sandy loam, enriched with decayed cow dung; J loam, J peat, J stones for S. Elisabethse, Position, sunny acaulis, and rupestris;ordinary soil for other kinds. for S. acaulis, S. alpestris, S. rupescrevices or ledges of rockeries tris, for S. pennsylvanica," S. Elisabethae; open borders S. virginica, March fi. Top-dress maritima Plant, or S. April. annually in pi. loam. Lift " " with March dung replant only sandy decayed cow in when Propagate perennials by seeds sown absolutely necessary. loam " covered with fine of boxes leaf-moiild, or sandy lightly] pans in March or April; hy cuttings of mould, " placed in cold frame cold frame iu summer; inserted in loam in shoots sandy by young
division
in
March
or
SPECIES: ANNUAL varieties ; armoria many
April. S.
Begion; pondulfi, pink, spring, 6 in., Mediterranean William Catchfly), pink, July, 1 ft., Europe.
(Sweet
400
BNOYGLOPMBIA BIENNIAL PEB.ENNIAL N.
Temperate
OF
GARDENING.
SPECIES: S. oompaota, 18 In., Asia Minor. pink, summer, SPECIES: S. aoaulis (Cushion Pink; Moss Pink), pint, June, 3 in., Zone; aoaulis alba, white; aoaulis grandiflora, crimson; alpestris
CAIpine Oatohfly),white, May, 6 in., Alps; S. Elisabetha;, rose, summer, 6 to 9 in., maritima Tyrol; flore pleno (Witch's Thimble); white, double, trailing, summer, Europe; pennsylTanioa (American Wild Pink), pink, spring, 6 to 8 in., U. States; rupestris, white. May, 4 to 6 in.,; Sohafta, purple, summer, 4 to 6 in., Caucasus; Tlrgmioa (Fire Pink), crimson, June, 12 to 18 in., N. America. Silk-bark Oak (Grevillea robusta)." See Grevillea.
Silk-vine Silk-weed
(Periplocagraeca). See Periploca. (Asclepiastuberosa). See Asclepias (Compass Plant; Cup Plant). Ord. Compositae. Hardy "
"
Silphium
"
perennial herbs. CULTUEE:
Soil, ordinary. Position, sunny
April. Lift, divide,
to
division
by
SPECIES
"
replant every roots, Oct. to April.
of
two
borders. three
or
Plant,
Oct.
Propagate
years.
CULTIVATED:
S. laciniatum (Compass Plant), yellow, July, 4 to 6 ft., pertoliatum (Cup Plant), yellow, July, 6 to 8 ft., N. America. Silver Bell Tree (Halesia tetraptera)."See Halesia. Primrose Silver-edsed (Primula margiiiata)."See Primula. Fir Silver (Abiespectinata). See Abies. Grass Silver (Phalarisarundinacea variegata). See Phalaris. Beech Silver-leaved (Fagus sylvaticaargentea-variegatis). See Fagus. Silver Maiden-hair Fern (Nothochlaena nivea). See Nothochlsena. Silver Maple (Acer dasycarpum). See Acer. Silver Rod (Asphodelua ramosus). See Asphodelus. Silver Thatch-palm (Thrinax argentea). See Thrinax. Silver-tree (Elaeagnusargentea").See Elasagnus. Yew Silver-varieg'ated (Taxus baccata argentea). See
N.
America;
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
Taxus. Silver
(Pothos argentea). See Pothos. See Acacia. (Acacia dealbata\ Silvery (Cedrus altantica).See Cedrus. Clary Silvery (Salviaargentea). See Salvia. Cineraria (SenecioCineraria). Silvery-leaved Oleaster (Elaeagnusargentea). Silvery-leaved Vine
"
Wattle Cedar
Silver
"
"
"
"
"
See
(Salviaargentea). See (Halimodendron
Sage
Silvery-leaved Silvery-leaved
"
Salt-tree
Halimodendron. Reed
"
Fern
Tree
foliage. ^
sown
large,
Leaves,
with variegated
Position, open
Soil, ordinary.
in.
deep
where
in March
plants
(Blessed, Holy
S. Marianum
CULTIVATED:
SPECIES
"
"
ctlLTtJEE : seeds
Salvia.
argenteum)."
(Cortadeiraconspicua). See Cortadeira. (Cyathea dealbata). See Cyathea. (Milk Thistle). Ord. Compositae. Hardy perennial
Silvery Silvery Silybum Orn.
SeeSenecio. See Elasagnus.
herb.
white veins. broad borders. Propagate are or
to Milk
grow. Thistle),3
to
5
by ft,,
Europe.
Simpson's Simpsoni).^See
Hardy
known
CULTURE mould
Cactus
(Echmocactus
Gesneriaceae. Stove tuberous-rooted Plants in 1739. First introduced of Gloxinia. the name under : Compost, equal parts fibrous peat, fibrous loam, leaf-
Sinningia flowering plants. better
Hedgehog
Ecbinocactus. .^Ord. (Gloxinia)
well-decayed
Deciduous.
manure,
"
a
little silver sand.
401
Position, well-
drained
pots
glass
close
to when
in
in
tubers
when
stove
while
growing; greenhouse
Place Pot, Jan., Feb., or March. surface, in 3 or 4-in. pots, shiftinginto
have
growth.
started
moderately
Water
freely. Apply weak
then
flowering,gradually
After
show.
flowers
plant
flower.
conservatory singly, " just below tubers 6-in. pots when 5 or till growth is well advanced, or
GARDENINO.
OF
ENCYOLOPMDIA
liquidmanure
withhold
till
water
Temp., potting time. to Oct. 65" to 75"; Oct. to Jan. 50" to 55". Jan. Propagate by seeds in well-drained surface of fine sandy peat " leaf-mould, sown on pots 75" of in. 65" 1 to 2 to in in shoots or March; long cuttings temp. pans inserted in small pots of sandy peat under bell-glassin temp, of 65" in small pots of sandy soil leaves with stalk inserted to 75" ; young leaves with mid-ribs cut " laid on treated as face surcuttings; matured of sandy peat in temp. 55" to 75". then
foliage dies down,
CULTIVATED:
SPECIES Brazil.
keep quite dry
Latter
S.
epcoiosa
of
parent
speeles
till
the
(Gloxinia), violet, autumn, lovely strain of Gloxinias grown
6 in
to
12
i-i.,
gardens
of
day.
present
Sisyrinchium Hardy
(Satin-flower;Rush
Iridacese. CULTUEE
OF
"
Lily;
half-hardyperennials. First
HARDY
SPECIES
Spring Bell)."Ord. introduced
1693.
Soil, two
parts sandy loam, one part peat. Position, sunny rockery. Plant, Oct. or May. CULTURE OF HALF-HARDY SPECIES: Compost, equal part?
s'audyloam, leaf-mould, all the to
"
round.
year
san"i.
:
Position, sunny
Pot, Oct.
Sept.; keep nearly dry afterwards. " potted in March.
March.
cold
frame
or
house green-
Water
freely,March Repot annually. Propagate by
to
offsets, removed SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
grandiflorum album,
S. angTistifolium, Ijliie, summer, 1 ft., N.W.
(Spring Bell), purple, spring,
6 to 8 in., N. America; America; grandiflomm
white.
SitCha
Water-leaf
Sium
(RomanzoflSa sitchensis).See Eomanzoffia. Hardy esculent-rooted peiancylindrical,clustered, white, "
(Skirret).Ord. Umbelliferse. nial. First introduced 1548. Roots, sweet-flavoured. "
CULTURE
: Soil, ordinary fine, rich, deeply trenched, free from Position, sunny, open. Sow seeds in groups of three or four, in. apart, in drills \ in. deep " 18 in. in lings apart April. Thin seed-
stones. 12
when
3
in.
high
to one in each Remove flower heads group. the roots in Oct., twist off their leaves, " store in layers with sand or soil 'between in cellar or outhouse until required for cooking. Artificial manures: 2ilb. kainit, lib. sulphate of ammonia, mixed 2ilb. of guano rod per (30i sq. yardsl, applied square before sowing in spring. Requires to be raised from seed annually for producing roots for culinary purposes. as
soon
as
SPECIES
Lift
seen.
CULTIVATED:
8. Sisarum, white, Aug., 1 ft,,E. Asia. Ord. Rutaceas. Hardy evergreen berry-bearing k First introduced orn. 1845! Flowers foliageshrubs. fragrant. Male " female flowers form on separate plants. Berries scarlet; autumn. CULTURE : Soil, stiff loam loam " or peat. Position, partially
Skimmia.
"
shady or open sheltered borders. Plant, Sept.,Oct., March, or April. when Propagate by seeds sown " peat in cold ripe in sandy loam frame; by cuttings of firm shoots inserted under in temp. bell-glass 55 to 65" in spring or shoots in autumn. summer; layering SPECIES CULTIVATED: wliitD, spring, -1 ft., Japan;
S, Fortunei, white, spring, 3 ft., China; japonica, varicgata, variegated.
402
japonica,
E'N CYC
LOT.
EDI
Skinner's Skirret
(Sium Siaarum).
Slipper
Flower."
Columbine
OF
A
CrABDENING.
(AquilegiaSkinneri)."See Aqiiilegia. "
See
See Sium. Calceolaria.
Slipper Spongre See Pedilanthea. (Pedilanthustithymaloides)." Elm Slippery (Fremontia calif ornica) See Fremontia. Sloe (Prunus spinosa). See Prunus. Sloe-tree (Prunus spiuoaa). See Prunus. Smilaclna (FalseSpikenard). Ord. Liliaceae. Hardy perennials. "
.
"
"
"
Nat. N. America, Sikkim. First introduced 1633. CULTURE : Soil, ordinary light deep, rich. Position, partially borders. shady, moist shrubberies, woodlands, banks or Plant, Oct. to March.
division
Propagate by
of
roots, Oct.
to
March.
SPECIES
CULTIYATED: S. raoemosa (False Spikenard), white, May, stellata (Star-flowered Lily of the Talley), white. May, 8 ft., N. America; See also the genus Maianthemum.
Smilax
Plant; Prickly Ivy)." Ord. (Sarsaparilla climbers.
3
ft., N.
America,
Liliaceae.
Hardy
1648. foliage. evergreen CULTURE : Soil, ordinary. Position, sunny walls, arbours, trellises, banks. sion or Plant, Sept. or Oct.; March or April. Propagate by diviof roots at planting time. S. aspera SPECIES CULTIVATED: (Prickly Ivy), white, insignificant,July, 10 to 15 ft., Mediterranean mauritanica, Kegion ; aspera (China improved variety; China and Root), 20 to 30 ft., China Japan; glauca (Sarsaparilla), 3 ft., N. America; For the rotundifolia, 10 to 15 ft., N. America. see greenhouse Smilax genus Asparagus. Smoke-tree (Ehus cotlnus). See Rhus. Snail-flovwer (Phaseolus caracalla). ^See Phaseolus. Snake Fern (Lomaria Spicant). See Lomaria. Snake Gourd (Trichosauthesanguina). See Trichosanthes. Orn.
First
introduced
"
"
"
"
Snake-root Snake'S-beard Snake's-head Fritillaria.
Cimicifuga.
See
racemosa). (Cimicifuga "
(Ophiojogon japonicus). See Ophiopogon. "
(Fritillana meleagris).
Fritillary Fern
Snake'S-tongue
"
(Lygodium
See
iaponicxim\ "
See
Lygo-
dium.
(Antirrhinum majus). See Antirrhinum. (Viburnum Opulus). See Viburnum.
Snapdragon
"
Snow-ball-tree
"
Snow-berry-tree
(Symphoricarpusracemosus). "
See
Symphori-
carpus.
Snowdrop (Galanthus nivalis).See Galanthus. Anemone (Anemone sylvestris).See Anemone. Snowdrop (Halesiatetraptera).See Halesia. Snovwdrop-tree mone. Windflovwer sylvestris).See Ane(Anemone Snowdrop "
"
"
"
(Leucojum vernum). See Leucojum. (Chionanthus virginica).See Chionanthua. (Chionodoxa Luciliae).See Chionodoxa. Snow-glory SnOW-in-Summer (Cerastium tomentosum). See Cerastium. Pear-tree Snow (Pyrus sinensis). See Pyrus. SnOW-tree (Pyrus nivalis).See Pyrus. Primrose (Primula nivalis).See Primula. Snow-white Snowflake Snowflovwer
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
Snowy Soap
(Amelanchiercanadensis). See Amelanchier. MespilUS Plant (Chlorogalumpomeridium)."See Chlorogalum.
Soap-tree
Soap-wood
"
(Gymnocladus chineusis). See (Clethraalnifolia)." "
403
See Gymnoclaclus. Clethra.
MKdYCLOpJUDiA
OP
GApPPJSttA'G. _
See Saponaria. (Saponaria officinalis).
Soa.p-Vtfort
"
Sobralia. introduced
1836.
CULTURE
:
of house at depth with coarse
all
part
parts strong turfy
two
Compost, equal proportions of coarse
sand
Feb.
Pot,
seasons.
of
of
Position, light
filling pot J
March,
or
part
one
;
First
of its
cient suffisoil moderately compost to firm. Water copiously,Aprilto Sept. ; moderately other times. from Shade weak stimulants to established plants in summer. Apply when soil is overcrowded with roots. Buu Eepot only unnecessary. Temp., Oct. to April 55" to 65" ; April to Oct. 65" to 75". Growing
period all Propagate
the
crocks, then add fill pot to within
loam
charcoal.
broken
"
orchids.
terrestrial
Stove
Orchidacese.
Ord.
"
year
by
round.
division
Flowers
potting
at
a
1
layer in
of
sphagnum
its rim.
at
appear time.
apex
"
moss
Press
of
new
growths.
leuoooantha, white and golden yellow, eununer, : S. IJ to 12 to 18 in., Colombia; macrantlia, Rica; Lowii, purple, summer, seasilis, yellow and rose purple and yellow. May to July, 4 to 7 ft., Mexico; pink, Guiana. to Oct. Jan., 1 to 2 ft., British Soft-leaved Azalea (Bhododendron sinensis). See Bhodo2
CULTIVATED
SPECIES ft., Costa
"
dendron. Soft "
See
Fern
(Aspidium
aculeatum
angulare).
Aspidium.
Solandra. introduced CULTURE : with
Solanaceae.
Stove
climbing flowering
shrubs.
1781.
Compost, peat " dry
fibrous
Feb.
Ord.
"
First
beds
Shield
Prickly
shoots March.
two
parts sandy loam,
cow
manure,
trained
up
rafters
round
or
one
little sand.
"
part equal proportions Position, pots or
trellises.
Pot
or
plant,
Water
mainder freely, April to Oct. Keep almost dry reof time. weak shoots Syringe daily, April to Sept. Prune in moderately close " remove in Feb. tips of stronger ones Temp., Oct. 50" to 55" ; March to March to Oct. 65" to 85". Propagate by refuse in temp, of cuttings inserted in light soil or cocoanut-fibre
65"
or
75"
to
SPECIES
in
spring.
CULTIVATED:
purple, spring, 4 to
6
ft., W.
Solanum "
plants 1597
;
10 to Indies.
15
S. jrandiflora ft., Trop. America;
(Peach
Trumpet longiflora,white
(Potato; Egg Plant, etc.)."Ord. half-hardy flowering,berry-bearing, and
or
Egg
shrubs, including the Plant
in
Potato.
Potato
and Flower), cream and purple, autumn,
house GreenSolanacese. ornamental-leaved in first introduced
1597.
THE CULTURE Classification: OF POTATO: Kidney" oblong, white or coloured; round roundish, white or coloured; pebble-shaped flattish oblong, white or coloured. First carlies: varieties maturing in June; second earlies : varieties maturing in July " August; late or Soil, deep, rich loam main-crop; varieties maturing in Sept. " Oct. or Light soils best for any kind except very heavy clay or bog land. Position, slopingborders facing south for earlies," early crops. very garden for second (1) IJ cwt. early " main crops. Manures: open rod of potash per square farmyard dung " 1 lb. of muriate (30J sq. in autumn rod 3 lb. of applied yards) applied superphosphate ; per sq. at planting time ; " 1 lb. of nitrate of soda appliedper sq. rod when shoots are 6 in. high. (2)No 1 lb. of kainit farmyard manure. per rod in of lb. autumn; IJ superphosphate sq. applied per sq. rod at plantmg time; " 1 lb. of nitrate of soda " 6 oz. of sulphate of iron "
"
per
sq. rod
applied when
shoots
are
404
6
in.
high. (3) 31b.
of
superphos-
GAIWENINU
OF
ENCYGLOFMBIA
deaux Spray late crops just after earthing up with BorSets 14 later. to to : ten an acre plant Mixture, again days returns tone. 12 cwt. 6 to Average Average yield per acre: per ing (gross): ^"26 to ^630. Average cost of cultivation per acre, includ-
when
6
in.
high. "
16 acre
seeds, rates, taxes, reach
maturity
etc.
weeks
16
"l"i
:
after
dE20.
to
planting;
Useful late
data
:
Early
crops weeks. lb. if clean, but
sorts, 18
to
24
of tubers Peck weighs 20 lb.; hundredweight, 112 1201b. if unclean; sack of potatoes, 1681b.; bag, 1121b.; ton, 49 bushels. in heat in earlyspring, Propagate potatoes by seeds sown serted insnoots plantingseedlings out end of May; cuttings of young soil in heat late in " out in in light spring, planting May; division of the tubers in spring.
CULTURE
when twice manure
THE
OP
pots in sunny in temp. 75" third
EGG
to
85"
leaf
in
Feb.
forms,
Position, in 75"). Sow seeds in light soil Transplant seedlingsto 3-in. Syringe folia^fe pots in May.
to
March.
or
into
"
6-in.
daily, " water freely. When occasionally. Fruit ready
CULTURE
Soil, light rich.
PLANT: 65"
greenhouses (temp.
fruit to
give
forms
gather when
BERRY-BEARING
weak
liquid
fully coloured. Compost, equal parts
SPECIES : silver sand. Pot, Feb. or March. Syringe daily, water freely," grow in temp, of 55" to 65". Pinch off pointsof shoots when in June, syringe to cold frame 3 in. long. Transfer morning " When berries set give liquid manure evening " keep well watered. twice a week. Admit air freely after first week. Remove to greenhouse of Sept., " grow in a temp, of 55". middle Prune shoots back to 2 in. in Feb., " when before. new as growth begins repot ", grow in rich soil early in June, also be planted outdoors May points of removed shoots early in July, " plants carefully lifted, placed in in for a fortnight,then " stood to removed shady cold frame pots, in a temp, of 65" to 75" in greenhouse. Propagate by seeds sown Feb., transplanting seedlingsinto small pots, removing points of shoots when 3 in. high, " later transferring to 5-iu. pots. When shoots their points, then allow them 3 in. long remove to grow are naturally. From June onwards advised treat for plants. Also increased as by in of inserted soil in 65" in afterwards cuttings sandy temp, spring,
loam,
OP
leaf-mould,
treating
rooted
"
cuttings
CULTURE
OF
CLIMBING
CULTURE
OP
HARDY
as
advised
for
seedlings.
SPECIES : Compost, equal parts peat, Position, pots, beds, or tubs, snoots loam, leaf-mould, " silver sand. of greenhouse. Plant trained Prune or pot in March. up rafters weak " soft shorten of other shoots in Feb. growths points away in " Water winter. autumn " in freely summer; spring moderately 45" to 55"; March 55" to 65". to Oct. Temp., Oct. to March gate Propaof in shoots heat in in spring. S. by cuttings young sandy peat be grown jasminoides may against S. or S.W. wall outdoors in warm districts.
peat.
Position, sunny
wall
: Soil, sandy loam " districts; shrubberies cold winds. Plant, Oct.
SHRUBBY SPECIES in Midlands " cold
mild districts. Requires protectionfrom March. Prune previous year's growth fairlyclose in Feb. when walls weak out against growths " cut off dead ends "grown ; thin when otherwise. of shoots Propagate by cuttings of young grown in summer. in sandy soil in cold frame shoots in
or
CULTURE
OF
Position, sunny
ORNAMENTAL-LEAVED beds borders. or 406
Plant
SPECIES in
out-
:
Soil, ordinary.
June.
Sow
seeds
BNCYCLOPjUDiA in
annually in
light soil
in heat
pots
till
TaBEROUS-ROOTED S. America. FRUIT-BBAEING
in
May,
temp, then
SPECIES: First intro. SPECIES:
OABDENINH.
OP 75"
of
harden
in
S. tuberosum 1597.
spring, planting
for
seedlings
grow in
out
on
June.
tPotato), white, violet, etc.,
mer, sum-
Perennial.
S. Melongena (Aubergine or Egg Plant), flowers egg-shaped, white, yellow, or purple, Tropics. Annual. BERRY-BEARING S. SPECIES: Jerusalem or oapsicastrum (Star Capsicum; Winter 2 Cherry), flowers 1 to berries ft., white, summer, scarlet, winter, Brazil : capsioastrum (or pseudo-capsicum) Weatherillii, berries oval, and orange-
blue,
2 to
summer,
coloured.
ft., fruit
Greenhouse
CLIMBING
shrubs. evergreen S. Jasminoides
SPECIES: to 20 ft.,
15
summer,
landii, lilac
and
SHRUBBY ft.. Chili.
15
3
and (Jasmine Nightshade), blue jasminoides noribundum, free-flowering form;
Brazil;
blue,
10
summer,
SPECIES
S.
:
crispum
deciduous
Hardy
ft., Costa
ORNAMENTAL-LEAVED
Rica.
Greenhouse
(Potato Tree),
blue
evergreen
purple,
and
white, Wend-
shrubs. 10
summer,
to
shrub. SPECIES:
S.
atropurpureum,
purplish,
stems
midrits
stems white, leaves prickly, Brazil ; marginatum, woolly and prickly, leaves prickly, white and above with robust um, beneath, stems woolly, white; green margined leaves velvety above, woolly beneath and stems spiny, Brazil ; Warscewiozii, red, midribs hairy and prickly, leaves green, prickly, ,S. America. Perennials, but best as half-hardy annuals. Soldcinella. (Blue Moon-wort). Ord. Primulaceae. Hardy perennial herbs. First introduced 1656. CULTURE tion, Posi" sharp sand. : Compost, equal parts peat " loam Mulch sheltered moist March or Plant, rockery. April. open of soil in dry weather refurje. surface with layer of cocoanut-libre in well-drained filled with Propagate by seeds sown equal parts pans sandy loam, peat, " sand, " lightly covered with fine soil placed in a March cold shady frame, or or April; division of plants in March
grown
"
April.
"
CULTIVATED: S. alpina, blue, April and 3 in., Alps; SPECIES May, alpina the freely than more "alba, white: alpina pyrola^folia, flowers species; hybrida, lilac and blue, April, 3 in., hybrid; minima, purple, April, 2 in., Europe; montana, purple, April, 3 in., E. Europe; pusilla, blue, April, 2 in., Alps. SolidagO Hardy hcrbaceon,^ (Golden Rod). Ord. Compositee. "
perennials. CULTURE banks or
replant
April;
Soil, ordinary.
:
of
margins
every seeds
3
or
sown
4 years. outdoors
Position, Plant
water.
Oct.
Propagate in
or shady borders or sunny to April. Lift, divide, "
by
division
of
roots, Oct.
to
April.
canadensis, yellow, Aug., 4 to 6 ft., N. America; America 2 to 3 ft., N. lanceolata, yellow, Sept., Drnmmondii, ; yellow, summer, Golden 4 to 6 ft., N. America; Rod), yellow, Aug., 2 to 3 ft., virgaurea (Common Europe (Britain). Ord. Creeper). Pittosporacea". (Australian Bluebell Sollya. SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
S.
"
Greenhouse CULTURE
part
:
silver
trained
twining shrubs. Compost, two parts peat,
evergreen sand.
trellis
wire
to
freely, April Shade Aug. 65"; Sept. to March
Water
April to
Position, to
to
inserted
in
sand
under
well-drained
one
introduced
part turfy pots or beds
1830. loam
with
"
half
a
shoots"
pillars. Pot, Feb. or March. Syringe daily, Sept.; moderately afterwards. to Sept. 55" not Temp., March necessary. 40" to 50". Propagate by cuttings of shoots bell-glassin temp. 65" to 75" in spring or
or
up
rafters
First
or
summer.
SPECIES
S. heterophylla, blue, July, 4 to 6 ft., Australia. ^See Polygonatum. Seal (Polygonatum officinalis).Stove Melastomaceje. Ord. perennials. Flowering 1848. Leaves, ovate or lanceolate, foliage. First introduced or spotted with silverywhite.
CULTIVATED:
Solomon's Sonerila. "
orn.
green,
Compost,
"
"
equal parts fibry peat, chopped sphagnum, 407
charcoal,
":
Position, well-drained
sand.
OARDENINO.
OF
MNCrotOPMBtA
pots
or
fully exposed
pans
light.
to
wards. afteressential. " moist Temp., from Shade sun atmosphere highly 55" to 65". March Propagate by to Sept. 70" to 85"; Sept. to March covered with fine mould, Jan. to seeds sown in above compost, " lightly in small pots under April in a temp, of 75" to 85"; cuttings inserted
Pot, Feb.
March.
or
in tenip. 75" bell-glass SPEOIES
:
white,
and
85", Jan.
to
to
to
Sept.
;
moderately
May.
maoulata, rosy pnrple, Himalayas ; margaritaoea, rose,
CULTIVATED
crimson
freely,April
Water
S.
summer, summer,
6 to 13 in., lea-ves leaves white and
silvery grey; argentea, leaves above, purplish beneath, Burma; margaritaoea and lilac rose, 1 ft., leaves white; speciosa (Syn. S. Hendersonii, summer, green E. Indies. orbiculata), mauve, Nov., 9 to 13 in., leaves green, Ord. Laburnum). Sophora. (Chinese Pagoda Tree; JS'ew Zealand green
"
Leguminosae. Flowering
"
deciduous " evergreen First 1739. introduced
Half-hardy foliage.
orn.
trees
"
shrubs.
two partsloam, HALP-HABDY SPECIES : Compost, " little sand. Position, in pots Pot, Oct. to Feb. tubs to May; in light airy part of greenhouse, Oct. or or against S. in cold weather with in warm Protect districts. walls mats. outdoors Feb. Water Prune, or freely,April to Oct. ; very little afterwards. 50" to 65". March. Temp., Oct. to April 40" to 45"; April to May loam. CULTURE OF HARDY SPECIES Position, : Soil, deep rich Feb. Jan. into sheltered lawns. Oct. Prune to Plant, shape, open Feb. or J in. deep in light soil in temp, of Propagate by seeds sown 55" in April; cuttings inserted in sandy soil in temp, of 55" in March. S. japonica pendula " S. j.p. variegata by grafting on common species in March. Zealand HALF-HARDT SPECIES S. tetraptera (New ; Laburnum), Syn. and its varieties Edwardsia Zealand; grandiilora, yellow. May, 6 to 10 ft.. New grandiflora (large flowered) and microphylla leaved). Evergreen. (narrow HAHDT SPECIES: S. japonica (Chinese Pagoda Tree), white, Aug., 30 ft., China; weeping, very graceful. Deciduous. japonica pendula, branches Ord. A of bigeneric Orchidaceae. race Sophro-Cattieya.
CULTURE of
one
OF
leaf-mould,
"
hybrid orchids,
the
result
of
a
between
cross
Sophronitis grandiflora "
speciesof Cattleyas.
several
Habit, dwarf. Flowering in winter. CULTURE two : Compost, parts coarse fibry peat, one part chopped charcoal " sand. Position, well-drained livingsphagnum moss, pots, March. or Pot, Feb. hanging baskets, blocks. Keep plants well rim above of pot. Partial shade desirable. Water three times to Aug.; once weekly March weekly Aug. to Nov. " Feb. to March;
once
to
a
month
Sept.
March
to
growth.
other
Syringe freelyin summer. Temp., March 60" to 70". Sept. to March Growing period, Flowers at top of new Sept.; resting period,winter. appear Propagate by division of pseudo-bulbsat potting time. 65"
HTBUIDS
to
times.
85";
CULTIVATBD:
S. batemanniana, scarlet, crimson, and white; rose, Chamberlainii yellow; purple and triumphans, rosy purple and yellow; hardyana, red, purple, and yellow; and eximia, purple, rose yellow; Queen Empress, crimson, and purple. rose, Ord. Orchidaceae. of bigeneric S'Ophro-Laelia. Another race hybrid orchids, the result of crossing Sophronitis grandiflora with several species of Laelias. Habit, dwarf. CULTURE two : Compost, fibrous peat, one parts coarse part living
Calypso,
rosy
"
sphagnum baskets, Fill
moss,
pots pot. Water pot of
charcoal,
"
sand.
blocks with moss two-thirds with broken Secure plants " moss
or
on
"
basket
Position, pots, pans, or hanging Pot or re-block, Feb. or March. crocks, " keep plants well above rim
only.
plants three
blocks by means times weekly, March
to
408
of to
copper
Aug.;
wire. once
ENCYCLOPMDIA
weekly, Aug.
to
GARDENING.
other times. to March; Feb. month once a " March twice to to Au^. ; Nov. a week, Aug. daily, " March; other times. once a week Syringe freelyin summer. to Sept. 75" to 85"; Sept. to March 60" to 70". ing BestTemp., March Flowers at top of new pagate period,none. pseudo-bulb. Proappear by division of pseudo-bulbs at potting time.
Plants " Feb.
on
k
blocks
HrBRIDS orange,
Nov.
OF
CULTIVATED;
yellow,
and
S. Lffita, pink, rosy purple ftnd yellow, Marriottii, scarlet; Teitchii, rosy oarmine, magenta and yellow.
OrchidaccEe. Ord. Sophroniti's (Scarlet-floweredOrchid). Dwarf First introduced 1837. epiphytal orchids. evergreen CULTURE : Compost, equal parts peat, sphagnum moss, " charcoal. small Position, shallow baskets or suspended from roof. Pot, pans Feb. or March. Shade from essential. most Water sun freely,April to Oct.; moderately afterwards. Temp., Oct. to April 55" to 65"; 65" to 75". April to Oct. Growing period. May to Feb. Eesting Flowers to May. at apex period, March of new appear pseudo-bulb. Propagate by division of pseudo-bulbs,Feb. or March. S. oernua, red and SPECIES CULTIVATED: yellow, winter, 3 in., Brazil; rosy grandiflora, scarlet,winter, 3 to C in., Brazil; violacea, violet,winter, 3 in.,Brazil. See Eumex. Sorrel. Sour Sop ^Anona muricata). See Anona. South Hare-bell African (Boella ciliata). See Boella. "
"
"
"
Sow-bread
(Cyclamen Cyclamen. See Yucca. (Yucca aloifolia)." Broom (Spartium junceum). See Spartium. Chestnut (Castanea vesca). See Castanea. Fennel-flovwer (Nigella hispanica). See Nigella. Furze (Genistahispanica). See Genista. Gorse (Genistahispanica). See Genista. Hyacinth (Hyaointhus amethystinus). See Hyacineuropseum').-See "
Spanish
Bayonet
Spanish
"
Spanish
"
Spanish Spanish
"
"
Spanish
"
Spanish
"
thus. Iris (IrisXiphium). See Iris. Jasmine (Jasminum grandiflorum). See Jasminum. Moss (Tillandsiausneoides). See Tillandsia. Oyster-plant (Scolymus hispanicus). See Scoly-
Spanish
"
Spanish
"
Spanish Spanish
"
"
mus.
(Ipomseabatatus). See Ipomsea. Silver (Abies pinsapo). See Abies. Squill (Scilla hispanica). See Scilla. Traveller's Joy (Clematis cirrhosa).
Potato
Spanish
"
Fir
Spanish
Spanish
"
"
Spanish
"
See
matis. Cle-
Spanish-tuft (Thalictrum aquilegifolium).See Thalictrum. Half(African Harlequin Flower). Ord. Iridacese. SparaxiS 1758. introduced First bulbous plants. hardy Position, sunny Soil, light, rich sandy. CULTURE: OUTDOOR bulbs 4 in. deep " to Jan., border. placing Plant, Sept. well-drained of bed in Mulch surface bulbs " Lift 2 in. apart. annually. replant "
"
March
with
cow
manure.
part leafparts sandy loam, one well drained. in diameter, Pots, 4|in. decayed with cocoafive bulbs, 3 in. deep, in each pot in Nov., " cover under- cool greenhouse stage until or in cold frame refuse nut-fibre CULTURE
POT
mould Place
growth begins. until flowers
:
cow
or
Compost,
two
manure.
Water
fade, then
moderately from gradually cease, 409
time
bulbs begin to grow bulbs dry till Jan.
keeping
50" times 40" to 50"; other bulbs. advised for as white, 8. ^raudiflora, purple and
Temp., Sept. to March by offsets treated Africa;
CULTIVATED; tricolor (Byn.
Africa.
For
SPECIES S. 8.
Tarieties
Ixia see
Sparmannia
First
introduced
60".
spring,
1
gate Propato 1 to
2 2
ft., ft.,
Dierama.
Tiliaceae.
Ord.
"
to
black. May,
yellow, and tricolor), orange, 'See also the genus trade Hate.
(African Hemp).
shrub.
evergreen
GAltDENING.
OF
ENCYGLOPyEDIA
Greenhouse
1790.
Compost, two parts loam, one part peat, " little sand. doors Position, pots in light airy greenhouse, Sept. to June; sunny spot outMarch. Prune remainder of time. moderately Pot, Feb. or wards. Water close, Nov. to Dec. copiously,April to Oct. ; moderately afterquired. Apply stimulants, April to Sept. No shade or syringing re40" to 50". to Sept. 55" to 65"; Sept. to March Temp., March Propagate by cuttings inserted singly in small pots filled with sandy soil under in temp. 55" to 65", spring or summer. bell-glass CULTURE;
SPECIES africana
CULTIVATED: flore pleuo, double
Spartium
S. africana, flowered.
(Spanish Broom)."
floweringshrub.
white,
summer,
10
to
15
Leguminosae.
Ord.
ft., S. Africa;
Hardy
duous deci-
introduced
1548. First borders CULTURE or : Soil, ordinary. Position, sunny dry open banks. Plant, Oct. to March. J in. deep in Propagate by seeds sown drills in fine soil in sunny tings or spring; cutpositionoutdoors, autumn in sandy soil under of young shoots inserted bell-glassor in cold frame in summer. CULTIVATED SPECIES 8. junoeum : (Tellow Spanish Broom), yellow, summer, 6 to 10 ft., S. Europe ; junceum flowered. flore pleno, double Orchidacese. Ord. Stove terrestrial orchids. Spathog^lottis. 1837. First introduced CULTURE " fibrous : loam, or Compost, equal parts leaf -mould "
" silver sand. equal partsof leaf-mould, peat, sphagnum moss Repot in spring. Grow in partial shade. Water rately freely April to Oct, modeafterwards. Growing period,spring " summer; restingperiod, Flowers winter. at top of last-made pseudo-bulb. Temp., appear March to Oct. 75" to 85"; Oct. 55" to 65". to March Propagate by
division
in
SPECIES
spring.
CULTIVATED: red, autumn.
S. aurea, yellow and red, autumn, Malacca; Fortunei, Hong gracilis, golden, yellow, and Kong; red, winter, Borneo; red, summer, kimballiana, golden, yellow, and Borneo; Lobbii. snlphur yellow and Burma; red, autumn, plioata, rosy purple, summer, Malaya; Viellardii,
yellow
and
white, rose,
and
red, autumn.
New
Caledonia.
Spatlum (Lewisia rediviva). See Lewisia. Spear-flower (Ardisiacrenulata). See Ardisia. Grass Spear (Aciphyllasquarrosa). See Aciphylla. Spear Lily (Doryanthes Palmeri). See Doryanthes. Mint See Mentha. Spear (Mentha viridis)." Spear-Mfort (Ranunculus lingua). See Ranunculus. Specularia Ord. (Venus's Looking Glass). Campanulaceae. "
"
"
"
"
"
annuals. CULTURE Sow : Soil, ordinary. Position, sunny beds or borders. seeds in Aprilthinly 1-16 in. deep in patches or lines where requiredto Thin when 2 1 in. in. to to 3 6 or seedlings grow. port hig;h apart. Sup3 to 6 in. high. plants with small twigs when SPECIES CULTIVATED the Corn : S. hybrida (Syn. Campanulaliybrida), Violet, blue and lilac,July, 1 ft., Europe ; pentagonia (Syn. Campanula pcntagonia),blue, 1 ft., Asia summer, Minor; porfoliata, blue, June, 12 to 18 in., N. America; 1 ft., speculum (Syn. Campanula Speculum), Venus's Looking Glass, purple, summer, Europe.
Hardy
410
ENCYCLOrJUDIA
Speedwell."
GASDENINO.
OF
See Veronica.
Spergula.-^ee
Sagina. Spice-bush (Lindera Benzoin)."See Liudera. Fern Spider See Pteris. (Pterissermlatai. Spider-flower." See Cleome. Spider Orchis See Orchis. (Orchisarachnites)." Spiderwort See Tradescantea. (Tradesoanteavirginiana)." Spiselia LoOrd. Pink; (Carolina Maryland Pink-root). gauiaceas. Hardy herbaceous First introduced 1694. perennials. CULTUEE ; Soil, equal parts loam, tion, Posileaf-mould, peat, " sand. border in 2 of ft. above partiallyshady comcontaining depth or post. Plant, March April. Water copiously during summer. Propagate by division of roots, March or April. "
"
SPECIES
OULTITATED:
S.
marilandioa,
and
red
yellow,
1
summer,
ft., N.
America.
Spig^nel
See Meum. (Meum athamanticum). (Spinaciaoleracea). See Spinacia. Ord. (Spinach). Chenopodiaceae. Hardy "
Spinach Spinacia
"
annual.
"
Esculent-leaved CULTtJEE
:
First introduced 1568. vegetable. Soil, deep, rich moist ordinary for
rich, moderately dry
spinach;
summer
seeds winter kind. Sow Position, sunny. of summer spinach at intervals of a fortnight,Feb. to Aug., in drills 1 in. deep " 12 in. apart; winter spinach, Aug. " Sept. in drills lin. Thin winter deep " 15 in. asunder. spinach to Bin. apart when three leaves form. Manures: IJlb. kainit, IJlb. sulphate of soda; l|lb. sulphate of amm.onia; 21b. superphosphate per sq. rod, applied when plants are 2 in. high. Seeds germinate in 10 to 15 days; retain their germinating powers for 5 years. Crop reaches maturity 11 weeks after for
sowing. Market Cultube : Soil, Manures Well-rotted :
moist
deep,
dung at appliedjust before
cool ;
"
of
rate
12
light soils tons
"
able. unsuit-
phate superphos-
When plantsappear seeds in. in drills 1 deep per spinach in Feb., " successional batches at intervals of a fortnight ; winter spinach in Aug. Quantity of seed large leaves only in bushel baskets. required per acre, fib. Market Average pricesper bushel. Is. to Average yieldper acre, 500 bushels. 3 tons
apply 1 cwt. 1 ft. apart.
per acre of nitrate Sow summer
of soda
sowing. Sow
acre.
5s. CULTIVATED:
SPECIES
Europe;
oleracea
S.
glabra (Summer Spinach), 2 ft., Spinach). europseus).See Euonymus. Eosaceae. Ord. Hardy deciduous
oleracea
spinoea (Prickly
or
Spindle-tree (Euonymus Spiraea (Meadow Sweet). flowering shrubs " herbaceous evergreen "
S.E.
Winter
"
"
perennials.
SPECIES: HEEBACEOXJS HAEDY OP Soil, ordinary manured. well Position, moist, partially shady or rich, sunny borders; margins of streams, etc., for S. Ulmaria, astilboides,palmata, or Plant, Oct., Nov., March April. Topkamtschatica, and Aruncus. with Water in dress annually decayed manure. copiouslyin April Lift, divide, " replantevery three or four years. dry weather. CULTUEE
CTJLTUEE
OF
DECIDUOUS
good ordinary or loamy.
Sept. to March. directlyafter flowering. Plant,
EVERGEEEN
AND
Position, open
sunny
straggly
Prune
OP S. ASTILBOIDES CULTUEE leaf-mould. Pot roots, Oct. " loam 411
IN or
SPECIES : Soil, shrubberies. or moderately close
borders shoots
POTS:
Compost, equal parts
Nov., singly in
5
or
6 in.
pots.
.
ENCYCLOPEDIA Place
iu cold
heated
frame
greenhouse
until in
GARDENING.
OF
required
for
forcing, or
ordinary
to
remove
house in Feb. Temp, for forcing 55" to 65". Water first brought into forcing or moderately when greenhouse; freelywhen growth begins. Apply weak stimulants \ oz. of guano to gall, of water Remove when to cold flower spikes show. frame after Let flowering " plant out in sunny positionin June. thus for two then in for plants remain " use lift, pots, place years, forcing. Plants will not flower freely two years in succession when in pots. kinds grown Propagate herbaceous by division of the roots, cold
Jan.,
"
"
to
C:t.
March;
shrubby ones hand-light planted in
soil under " oifsets removed
sandy HARDY
by cuttings of or
in frame
young
in
shade,
shoots
inserted also
summer;
in
by
autumn.
HEEBACEOUS
4 to 6 ft., N. 2 ft., Japan ; kamtschatica
SPECIES: S. arunous (Goat's Beard), white, summer, Temperate Regions; astilboides (Syn. Astilbe astilboides),white, Jane, and its varieties floribanda (free flowering), and Lemoiuei (a hybrid) ; and its (Syn. S. gigantea), white, June, 6 to 8 ft., Kamtscbatka ;
hybrid, hybrida, pink;
pleno (Double Dropwort), white, double, the Frairiefi),pink, June, 2 ft., N. America; palmata, orimson, June, 1 to 2 ft., Japan; and its varieties alba (white), clegans (white and red), and purpurea (purple-leaved); Ulmaria Sweet), (Meadow fl. pi., double white, June, 3 ft., Britain; Ulmaria aureo-varieflowered; Ulmaria gata, variegated. HARDY EVERGREEN SPECIES: S. japonioa, rose, June, 3 to 6 ft., Japan, and its varieties, alba The called (white), Bumaldi (crimson). Shrub. plant commonly S. japonioa is really Astilbe japonica ; see Astilbe. SPECIES: S. arguta, white, summer, HARDY DECIDUOUS 2 to 3 ft., hybrid; discolor bella, red, July, 3 ft., Himalayas; (Syn. S. ariietalia),white, June, 6 to 8 ft., N.W. America; Douglassii, rose, Aug., 3 to 6 ft., N.W. America; lindlejana, white, Aug., 6 to 10 ft., Himalayas; prunifolia flore pleno, white, double, spring, 3 ft., China and and Japan; Thunbergi, white, spring, 3 ft., China Japan; salicifolia, pink, July, 4 ft., E. Europe and Japan; Van Houttei, white. May, 4 ft. Spire Lily (Galtonia candicans). See Galtonia. Spieenvtfort (Asplenium trichomanes). See Asplenium. Dead-Nettle Spotted (Lamium maculatum). See Lamium. Laurel." See Aucuba. Spotted Ord. Portulacaceae. Spragfuea. Half-hardy perennial herb. First introduced 1858. CULTURE : Soil, ordinary. Position, edges of surfny well-drained borders rockeries. or Plant, April or May. Propagate by seeds, Feb. sown or March, in well-drained pots or pans in at)0ve compost, in temp, of 55" to 60"; transplantingseedlings an inch apart in 3-in. pots when large enough to handle, afterwards hardening off iu cold 1
summer,
ft., Britain;
Filipendula lobata
flore
of
(Queen
"
"
"
"
frame
"
peat
under
SPECIES Mexioo. New
planting out in May; cuttings of shoots inserted bell-glassiu temp, of 55" to 65" in spring. CULTIVATED:
S.
umbellata, white
and
purple,
summer,
in 1
sandy
to
2
in..
Sprekelia
(Jacobean Lily)."Ord. Amaryllidaceae. Stove deciduous bulbs. First introduced 1658. CULTURE : Compost, two parts turfyloam, one part river sand, " a few crushed bones. Position, well-drained pots in lightpart of stove. Pot, Feb., burying bulb about two-thirds of its depth. Water freely from time growth begins (about Feb.) until when
Sept., keep quite when flower spike shows. Apply liquidmanure Top-dress large bulbs annually " repot every three or four only. Temp., Feb. years to Sept. 65" to 75"; Sept. to Feb. 50" to 55". Propagate by seeds sown 1-16 in. deep in well-drained of loam in temp. 65" to pots sandy 70" in March, placing seedlingssingly iu 2-in. " keeping them pots, moderately moist all the year round for three years; by offsets treated dry.
as
old
bulbs.
Seedlingsare
six to
seven
412
years
before
they
flower.
ENCYGLOFMDIA matured
GAItVENING.
OF
Propagate
CULTIVATED
buoephalue, yellow and
by
pseudo-bulbs
of
division
pseudo-bulbs.
in
spring. SPECIES
;
S.
crimson,
very
fragrant, Aug.,
Mexico; dCToniensis, cream, yellow, purple, and crimson, white and grandiflora, eburnea, fragrant, July, Peru; purple, June, Trinidad; white and Central America; purple, crimson, summer. insignis, yellow and crimson, oculata, yellow, lilac, purple, white, and fragrant, August, S. America; Mexico Mexico yellow, and purple, fragrant, summer, summer, ; ; tigrina, orange, and Guatemala. Wardii, yellow, orange crimson, fragrant, summer, First inOrd. Cruciferae. troduced Stanleya. Hardy perennial herb. 1
to
ft., Peru
2
and
"
1816.
CULTURE
border. Position, sunny Plant, Oct. in in heat seeds sown April. Propagate by gentle spring,planting of the roots in Oct. or March. out in May or June ; also by division CULTIVATED S. pinnatiflda, yellow, summer, 4 ft., California. SPECIES : Stapelia (CarrionFlower ; Toad Flower; Star-fish Flower). Ord.
Soil, ordinary.
:
or
"
Asclepiadaceae.
succulent-stemmed Greenhouse p'ents. evergreen First introduced 1790. Flowers, disagreeablyscented. CULTUEE : Compost, two parts sandy loam, one part broken rubbish old mortar, " one or Position, well-drained part sand. pots close to or glass in light sunny greenhouse. No shade required. Pot, March April. Water moderately, Aprilto Oct. ; keep nearly dry remainder of year. 55" to 75". 40" to 50"; March to Oct. Temp., Oct. to March Repot only when absolutely necessary. Top-dress annually in March with lart compost of two parts well-decayed cow dung " one sendy loam. sLdf in Propagate by cuttings of stems exposed to air on
greenhouse
for
filled with
half
SPECIES summer,
two
or
CULTIVATED? 6
in.
three
days, then
drainage,remainder S. Asterias
inserted singly in 2-in. pots " brick rubbish ; spring. violet, yellow and purple, (Star-fishFlower), with
gigantea, yellow, red, brown, 1 ft. ; variegata, yarious purple, autumn, ;
sand
and
purple,
summer, 1 ft.
colours, Aug.,
in. ; grandiflora, All natives of
6
S. Africa.
Staphylea (Bladder Nut). Ord. shrubs. First introduced flowering "
CULTUEE
:
Plant, Oct.
Soil, ordinary. Position, sunny Feb.
to
Sapindaceae. Hardy
Prune
deciduous
1640.
straggling shoots
borders
or
moderately
shrubberies. close i.r.ime-
diately after flowering. CULTURE
OF
S. COLCHICA
FOE FOECING : Compost, two parts leaf-mould. tered Place in shelPot, Oct. to Jan. into positionoutdoors, or in cold frame until Jan., then remove forcinghouse, or end of Jan. into cold greenhouse. Temp., 65" to 75". Water first placed in heat, afterwards moderately when more freely. ing. Syringe dailyuntil leaves expand. Transfer to cold frame after flower" stand Harden Oct. to outdoors. May Propagate by seeds in sandy soil in sheltered sown in Sept. or Oct. ; position outdoors
sandy loam,
cuttings of frame
Oct.
one
firm
part
shoots,
in sheltered suckers removed or
;
SPECIES
(Job's Star
Star
6
8 in. long, inserted in sandy soil in cold outdoors in Sept.; layeringshoots, Sept. or
to
corner
CULTIVATED: St. Anthony's Tears;
"
planted,
Oct.
to
Feb.
S.
Aniseed-tree
oolchica, white, summer, 5 ft., Caucasus; Nut), white. May, 8 to 10 ft., S. Europe (Illicium anisatum)." See lUicium.
Capsicum
Nightshade
See Solanum. Starch Star-'flsh
Hyacinth
Star-'flower Star Glory
Flovtfer
(Solanum
capsicastrum)."
(Muscari racemosum). See Muscari (StapeliaAsterias)."See Stapelia. "
(Trientaliseuropsea)." See
(Ipomosa coccinea). See "
414
Trieutalis.
Ipoma"a.
pinnata
BNCYOLOI^EDIA Star Star Star
Grass
(Hypoxia erecta). "
Hyacinth of
OF
GAIiDENlNO
See
(Soillaamoena)."
Bethlehem
Hypoxia. See
Scilla.
(Ornithogalum umbellatum)."
See
Orni-
thogalum. Star
Pine
Star Star
Tulip."
(Pimis Pinaster)."See See
Calochortus.
See
Aster.
Windflower
Star-wort."
(Anemone
Piuus.
hortensis). "
Spc
Anemone.
Statlce (Sea Lavender; Sea Pink). Ord. Plumbaginaceas. Greenhouse " " herbaceous evergreens half-hardy hardy perennials. CULTURE OP GREENHOUSE SPECIES : Compost, two parts sandy fibrous loam, one or Pot, March part fibrous peat, " one part sand. "
cold April. Position, light airy sunny greenhouse, Sept. to May; Water frame. May to Sept. wards. afterto freely,April Sept. ; moderately stimulants to Apply weak healthy occasionallyin summer established 40" to to 50"; April to May plants. Temp., Sept. April
55"
to 65". Good drainage in CULTURE PERENNIAL OP rockeries borders. or sunny with annually decayed manure
CULTURE
OP
borders
sunny
sandy loam, Feb.
or
pots indispensable. SPECIES
Plant, "
loam
in
Position,
Soil,sandy loam.
:
March
or
April.
Top-dress
April.
ANNUAL rockeries.
cover
SPECIES : Soil,ordinary sandy. Position, seeds Sow in well-drained pots filled with slightlywith fine soil," place in temp, of 55" to 65",
March. off Transplant when large enough to handle; harden in " plant outdoors above as May. Propagate by seeds sown ; cuttings inserted singly in 2-in. pots well drained " filled with sandy soil, " in or temp. 55" to 65" in spring; division of roots, March placed April. GREENHOUSE SPECIES: S. profusa, blue, Aug:., 1 to 3 ft., hybrid; fruticanB, blue, summer, Canaries; macrophylla (Syn. S. Ilalfordil),blue, June, 1 to 2 ft., or
Canaries. HAEDT
PBREMNIAL
SPECIES:
1 to Gmelini, blue, summer, Tauria; latifolia,blue, June, 1 ft., Europe purple, summer,
2 1
S. Bonduelli, yellow, .Tune, 1 to 2 ft., Aljreria; 6 to 9 in., incana, pink, summer, ft., Caucasus ; Sea ft., Bulg-aria; Limonium (Common Lavender), 1 ft., (Britain) ; tartarica, red and blue, summer,
Caucasus. SPECIES
ANNUAL
CULTURE
Suworowi,
S.
:
in
length
in
and
pink,
:
sandy loam. or April.
summer,
Hardy
"
Soil, deep March Oct., Plant, Sept., to
lilao
Berberidaceae. Ord. 1876. introduced
Stauntonia. First shrub.
18
in., 0.
Asia.
climbing
evergreen
Position, S. wall or trailing shoots,
Prune
trellis. not quired reof their
back to two-thirds following season, of firm shoots Propagate by cuttings young in under soil outdoors bell-glass shady position sandy
produce
flowers
autumn.
serted inin
summer.
SPECIES and
S. hexaphylla, white, the genus Holboellia.
CULTIVATED
China
Japan. See Bells Steeple
Stenotaphrum
10
to
20
ft.,
(Campanula pyramidalis). See Campanula. house Green(Variegated Grass). Ord. GraminesB. "
"
First
-leaved
grass. striped with grass-like, orn.
fragrant, spring,
:
also
introduced
1822i
Leaves,
narrow,
yellow.
Compost, equal parts peat, loam, leaf-mould, " sand or " moist part of greenhouse. fibre. Position, warm Jadoo Pot, March. to Sept.,fairlyfreelySept. to March. Water Temp., copiouslyMarch to Sept. 55" to 65". 50" to 55" ; March Propagate by Sept. to March cuttings of shoots, or by division of roots in spring. CULTURE
SPECIES
:
CULTIVATED
:
S.
glabrum
variegatum, 415
1
ft., Carolina.
ENCYCLOPEDIA
GARDENING.
OF
Stephanotis Chaplet (Clustered Wax-flower; Madagascar Madagascar Jasmine). Ord. Asclepiadaceae.Stove evergreen 1839. First introduced twining shrubs. CULTURE : Compost, equal parts good light fibrous loam or peat, " " coarse one part equal proportionsleaf-mould, well-decayed manure, silver sand. Position, pots, tubs, or beds, well drained, with shoots Flower;
trained
"
of stove. Pot wire trellis,or up rafters or plant, Feb. or from Water Shade rately to Oct.; modesun. copiously,March in to afterwards. Oct., except when Syringe daily, March bloom. week to once a healthy established Apply stimulants plants between May " Sept. Prune straggling shoots in moderately close, " thin weak 70" out to Oct. shoots freely,Jan. or Feb. Temp., March 65" to 65". to 85"; Oct. to March Propagate by cuttings of the shoots of the previous year's growth, inserted singly in 2-in. pots, filled with equal parts saud, peat, " loam, placed under hell-glassin temp. 65" to 75" in spring. SPECIES CULTIVATED: 20 to to S. floribunda, white, fragrant, Feb. Dec, 30 ft., Madagascar; and its "variety Elvastoni, a dwarfer and more free-flowering to
March.
form.
Stern berg'ia Star-flower)."Ord. (Winter Daffodil; Yellow Leaves 1596. Amaryllidaceae. First introduced produced usually late in autumn or early in spring after flowering. CULTURE ; Soil, deep, fairly dry, good ordinary. Position, sunny sheltered
Plant bulbs, Oct. or Nov., 4 in. deep, " 2 or Sin. of soil bulbs with surface over Saxifraga hypnoides or apart. " afford to form Sedum acre carpet protection. Lift " replant green of deterioration. when bulbs show in pots signs May also be grown for Amaryllis belladonna. in cold greenhouses as advised Propagate border.
Plant
by
removed
offsets
planted, Oct.
"
CULTIVATED; SPECIES Central Europe.
Stevensonia.. First introduced
S. lutea
Ord.
"
Nov.
or
(Syn. Amaryllis lutea),yellow, Oct., 6 Palmaceae.
Stove
once
afterwards.
daily
once
Water
freely at
orn
8
In-
foliage palm.
divided, wedge-shaped, green. CULTURE : Compost, two parts fibrous peat, one part equal proportions charcoal, turfy loam, " sand. Position, moist shady part of stove. Pot, Feb. or March. Syringe freelytwice daily, Feb. to Oct. ; 1865.
Leaves,
to
essential.
to Temp., March 65" to 75". Propagate by seeds sown small pots in temp. 75" to 85", spring.
atmosphere
CULTIVATED
SPECIES
Stismaphyllon evergreen CULTURE:
climbing
S.
grandifolia,
10
all times. Shade " moist Oct. 70" to 85"; Oct. to March 1 in. deep in peat " loam in to
20
ft.,Seyohelles. Ord. (Golden Vine). Malpighiaceas. Stove shrubs. First introduced 1796. :
"
Compost, equal parts loam, leaf-mould, peat, and sand. well-drained Position, pots with shoots trained up roof or round trellis. Feb. March. Prune or Pot, aw"ay weak growths " shorten strong Jan. Water to ones moderately, freely,March Sept.; moderately afterwards. to Sept. 70" Syringe daily in summer. Temp., March 55" to 65". to 85"; Sept. to March Propagate by cuttings of firm in shoots inserted singly in email pots of sandy soil under bell-glass temp. SPECIES
65"
to
75", spring
CULTIVATED
:
Stinking:
Cedar
Stinking
Gladwyn
or
S.
summer.
olliatnm, yellow, Juno, 8
to
taxifolia).See
10
ft.,Brazil.
Torroya. (Torreya See Iris. (Irisfcetidissima)." "
416
EN
Stipa,
CLOP
or
(Feather
floweringgrasses.
MB
Grass). "
Ord.
Inflorescence
GABDENINO.
OP
IA
Graminaceae.
Hardy
perennial
feathery panicles; summer. CULTCJitE: Soil, ordinary. Position, dryish sunny borders. Plant, March or tion decorainflorescence for drying for winter April. Gather in July. Propagate boxes J in. deep in shallow by seeds sown or pots filled with light soil placed in teinp. of 55'^ to 65", Feb. or March, hardening off seedlingsand planting outdoors, May or Jime; or by sowing similar depth in ordinary soil in sunny positionoutdoors in April ; also by division of roots in March or April. in
borne
SPECIES
CULTIVATED: S. ponnata, 2 ft., Europe. Stock Giili-flovver (Matthiola incana)."See Matthiola. Stokesia, (Stokes' Aster). Ord. Compositae. Hardy perennial herb. First introduced 1766. CULTURE: borders. well-drained Soil, ordinary. Position, sunny Plant, April. Protect in winter by covering with hand-light. Plants be lifted in Sept.,placed in pots, " removed to greenhouse for may afterwards and winter, planting outdoors floweringduring autumn or following April. Propagate by division of roots, March April. SPECIES S. cyanea, CULTIVATED: blue, August, 18 in., N. America. Stonecrop (Sedum acre)." See Sedum. Stone Fern (Asplenium Ceterach). See Asplenium. Stone Pine (Pinus cembra). See Piuus. Storax-plant (Styrax officinalis^ See Styrax. Stratiotes (Water Soldier; Crab's Claw). Ord. Hydrochari"
"
"
"
"
dacae.
Hardy aquatic perennial. Soil, ordinary.
CULTUEE;
Plant,
piecesof into water SPECIES
roots
or
CULTIVATED
S.
:
shallow
Position,
April ; enclosing old sacking tied securely where required to grow.
March
small
"
round
base
See
"
of
Propagate by
stem
ponds.
or
of
mould
and in
division
in
dropped spring.
aloides, white, June, 1 to 2 ft., Britain.
Fragaria. Stravtfberry-raspberry (Eubus Strawberry.
lakes
quantity
^See
rosseflorus
flore
simplici). "
Kubus.
Tree (Arbutus unedo). See Arbutus. Bird's Tongue Flower). Flower; StrelJtzJa (Bird of Paradise Greenhouse orn. Ord. Scitaminacese. foliage " flowering perennials. First introduced 1791.
Strawberry
"
"
part peat, " half a part bed in sunny greenhouse. or part of warm rately, Water copiously,April to Sept.; modeshade afterwards. No required. Sept. to Nov. ; keep nearly dry 55" to 65". to March, gate Propato Oct. 65* to 75"; Oct. Temp., March in compost of leaf-mould, peat, " loam, in temp, by seeds sown division of old plants, Feb. or March. of 65" to 75", spring; offsets or CULTUEE: Compost, two silver sand. Position, pots March. Pot or plant, Feb. or
SPECIES Africa ;
CULTIVATED
:
S.
Reginse citrina, yellow
Streptocarpus herbaceous CULTUEE :
parts loam,
one
and
Regrinse, orange and
blue, spring, 3
to
4
ft., S.
blue.
(Cape Primrose). Ord. Gesneriacese. 1824. perennials. First introduced "
house Green-
Compost, two parts loam, one part of equal proportions Position, pots in light " silver sand. of leaf-mould, decayed manure, 40" to 50", Oct. to April; March or April. Temp, greenhouse. Pot, Water from Shade sun. Oct. freely,April to o5" to 65", April to when weak stimulants afterwards. plants Oct. ; keep nearly dry Apply Cold in air summer. Admit shady frame good freely in flower. are Propagate by seeds sown plants during summer. positionfor young 417
P
ENCYCLOr.F.DIA in
GAIiDENING.
OF
of finely-sifted a thinly with the soil by iioldmg the pot, pan, Moisten sprinkle of fine silver sand. box nearly to its rim Place or a or edge in tepid water. pane of glass of 65". in 55" over " to a or 'box, Transplant top pot, pan, put temp. post, comas seedlings as soon large enough to handle 1 in. apart in above in pans other them when each " touch or place seedlings pots, in singly in 3-in. pots, " ultimately into 5 or 6-in. pots. Seeds sown Feb. will produce plants for flowering following July; in March or April, following August or September.
well-drainod
loam,
SPECIES .and mauve,
CULTIVATUDt
S.
"Wendlandii, blue, spring, IS hybrid and strains, for which
StreptOSOlen. shrub.
a,
Compost,
:
light sunny
All
12
eummcr, G
seeds
the
to
in.; Oalpini, white 1 ft.; blue, summer,
18
in.; Sandereii,
natives
of
S.
beautiful
Many
Africa.
lists.
trade
Greenhouse
Solanacese.
ing flower-
evergreen
1847.
two
part silver sand.
rose,
in.
30
see
equal parts
Cover
summer,
First introduced
CULTURE half
to
Ord.
"
sand.
Dunnii,
blue,
Rcxii,
summer;
with
boxes,
pots, pans, or peat, and
leaf-mould,
loam,
partssandy
part leaf-mould, pots close to glass
"
one
Position, well-drained
in
.shoots moderately April. Prune wards. Oct. to flowering. ; moderately afterfreely,April Shade weak stimulants Apply occasionally during summer. to Oct., 60" to 70"; Oct. only from bright sunshine. Temp., March 50" to 60". to March, in light sandy Propagate by cuttings inserted i n soil under 55" to 65", spring or summer. bell-glass, temp. close
greenhouse; Pot,
after
SPECIES
Feb.
to
Water
CULTIVATED:
Striped
S.
Squill
Jamesoni,
summer,
orange,
3
* ft., Colombia. Puschkinia.
to
(Puschkinia scilloides).See "
(Cone-head). Ord. Acanthaceae. First introduced 1823. flowering shrubs. loam " leaf-mould, CULTURE : equal Compost, parts silver sand. Pot, March or April. Position, well-drained Strobila.ntheS
of
Stove
"
stove, March
June
to
cold
frame,
June
with
pots
green ever-
a in
little moist
Sept. ; light Water rately, modeclosely, Feb. other times. to twice Sept. April; freely Apply liquid manure week flower. to plants m of a Propagate by cuttings moderately firm in light sandy compost under shoots, 2 to 3 in. long, inserted bell-glass in temp. 75", Feb., March, or April. part
March.
stove, Sept. to
SPECIES ?,
ft., Burma
2
ft., India.
Prune
CULTIVATED;
blue, Oct.
to ;
1 to
March,
S. 3
isophylla (Syn.
Struthiopteris." Stuartla.. shrubs. First
"
;
sunny shoots
in
anisnphyllus ft., Himalayas
der, I.Syn. Roldfvissia aniaophvlln), lavenviolet and blue, autumn, ; dyerinnus, isophyllaj, lavender, blue, winter, 1 to
Goldlusfiia
See Onoclea. Ternstrdmiacese.
Ord.
introduced
to
Hardy
deciduous
flowering
1743.
Soil, two
CULTURE:
tion, parts moist sandy loam, one part peat. Posiborders sheltered N. " E. by w.ills, trees, or on sunny open shrubs. Plant, Oct. to Feb. Propagate by cuttings of firm shoots in sandy soil under inserted hand-light in sheltered positionoutdoors in autumn; layering shoots in Sept. or Oct. SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
pseudo-camellia, creamy C to 8 ft., N. America.
Stud-flower Sturt's
Desert
Stylophorum
perennial herb. CULTURE
;
S. pentagyna, white, July, 6 to
cream, summer, 10 ft., Japan;
C
to
10
ft., N.
America; June,
virginica, white,
(Hellonias bullata)." See Helonias. Pea (Clianthus Dampieri^." Soo Clianthus. (Celandine Poppy). Ord. Papavoraceoe. Hardy "
Fir.st introduced
1S54.
Soil, ordinary light. Po.sition, sunny 41 S
beds
or
borders.
ENOYOLOP.ilDIA
Plant, March soil in March.
or
CULTIVATED:
Styrax shrubs.
S.
First
introduced :
J in. deep in ordinary
sown
division
April;
or
9
Styracaceae. Hardy
"
in., N.W. deciduous
of
roots,
America.
iiowering
1597.
Soil, lightordinary. Position, sunny beries, shrubborders or S. walls. Plant, Oct. to Feb. layerPropagate by ing
against
or
shoots
in
SPECIES
spring or
CUL'ilVATEU 8
seeds
diphyllum, yellow, June,
(Storax). Ord.
CULTURE
summer,
April. Propagate by
GARDENING.
position outdoors, March,
sunny
SPECIES
OF
to
Sug^ar Sug^ar Sugfar
autumn.
S. obassia, wllite, June, 15 ft., Japan ; laponica, white, ft.,Japan. Cane (Saccharum officinarum).See Saccharum. ;
10
"
Maple
(Acer saccharinum).
Pea
(Pisum
Sumach."
See
"
gee
sativum
Acer.
saccharatum). "
See
Pisum.
Ehus.
Summer
Cypress (Kochia scoparia)."See Kochia. See Tournefortia. Heliotrope." Summer See Adonis. Pheasant'S-eye (Adonis aestivalis)." Summer Savory (Satureia hortensis)."See Satureia. Summer Snowdrop (Leucojum aestivum). ^See Leucojum. Summer Snowflake (Leucojum aestivum). See Leucojum. Cress. Sun See Heliophila. Sundew (Drosera rotundifolia). See Drosera. Sun-drops (CEnothera fruticosa)."See (Enothera. Sunflower (Helianthus annuus). See Helianthus. Sun-plant (Portulacca grandiflora).See Portulacca. Summer
"
"
"
"
"
"
Sun-rose."
See
Helianthemum.
Jack
(Berchemia volubilis). See Berchemia. Tea-plant (Lantana hybrida). See Lantana.
Supple Surinam
"
"
SutherlandJa
(Cape Bladder Senna). Ord. Leguminosae. HalfFirst introduced shrub. 1683. flowering hardy evergreen " tion, Posisilver sand. CULTURE loam, : equal Compost, parts peat, S. " S.W. in S. walls outdoors, or England only, pots against in cold greenhouse any part of kingdom. Plant, Sept., Oct., or April. Pot,
March.
"
Water
afterwards. Prune, seeds sown by "
sand, lightlycover
spring; by
April to Sept.; moderately plants in pots'freely, shoots only. Propastraggling gate April,shortening in compost of equal parts peat, loam, leaf-mould, with
cuttings of
fine
young
soil," place in
shoots
May
in
temp,
under
of 45"
55" in hand-
to
bell-glass or
light. SPECIES
CULTIVATED
Swainsonia
frutesoens, scarlet, June, i ft., S. Africa. (Darling River Pea). Ord. Leguminosae. :
S.
house Green-
"
flowering shrubs. Compost, two parts
First
introduced
1800.
evergreen fibrous loam, one part peat, " half CULTURE : well-drained Position, sand. silver pots in light sunny a house. greenpart Water to Oct.; moderately freely,March Pot, Feb. or March. Remove afterwards. Apply weak stimulants occasionally in summer. in June; Sept. Temp., replace greenhouse, or to cold frame Sept. pit, 55" to 65". to June 35" to 45" ; March to March Propagate by seeds then hour in tepid water, sown for about an soaked i in. deep in March 55" of young to 65", or in soil April; cuttings tempt. light in sand under inserted silver in. in cool 3 2 to long, bell-glass shoots, in summer. of greenhouse shady part 3 to 1 ft., S. ooronillitolia,rosy CULTIVATED: purple, summer, SPECIES 419
p
2
ENCYCLOPEDIA
reddish galeg:a2folia,
coronillifolia Australia; folia alba, white, summer,
Swainson's
4
to
Pea.
Swallow-wort Chelidonium
GARDENING.
OF
"
6
purple,
4
summer,
to
6
ft.; coronilli-
ft.
Swainsonia.
See
(Chelidonium majus " Asclepiastuberosa). Asclepias. DogfVtfOOd (Ptelea trifoliata).See Ptelea. Globe-flower (Cephalantlnis occidentalis).
See
"
"
Swamp Swamp
"
See
"
Cephalanthus. Hellebore
Swamp Swamp
(Veratrum viride). See Veratrum. (Rhododendron viscosum)." "
Honeysuckle
See
Eho-
dodendrou. Laurel.
Swramp Swamp Swamp
Lily
Kalmia.
See
"
"
(Helcnium autumnale).
Sunflower
Swran
Orchid.
Swan
River
Daisy
River
Everlasting'
"
Lilium.
See
(Lilium superbum). See
See Helenium.
"
Cycnoches.
(Brachycome iberidifolia).See "
Brachy-
come.
Swan
(Helipterum Manglesii). "
See
Helipterum. Swan River Fern Palm (Macrozamia Fraseri). See Macrozamia. Orchid Svtfan'S Neck (Cycnoches aurea). See Cycnoches. Sweet Alyssum (Alyssum maritima). ^See Alyssum. See Hypericum. Sweet Amber (Hypericum Andros^mum). See Ocimum. Sweet Basil Basiliiim). (Ocimum Sweet Bay-tree (Laurus noblis). See Laurus. Briar Sweet (Bosa rubiginosa). See Rosa. Sweet Cicely (Myrrhis odorata). See Myrrhis. Sweet Cumin See Pimpinella. (Pimpinella anisum\ Sweet Fennel (Foeniculum officinale). See Foeniculum. Fern Sweet (Myrrhis odorata). See Myrrhis. Sweet Flag^ (Acorus calamus). See Acorus. Sweet Gale (Myrica Gale). See Myrica. Sweet Gum-tree (Liquidambar styracifiua). See Liquidambar. Sweet John (Dianthus barbatus). See Dianthus. Sweet Marjoram (Origanum marjorana). See Origanum. Sweet Maudlin See Achillea. (Achillea Ageratum). Svtfeet Orange-tree (Citrus aurantium). ^See Citrus. Pea. See Lathyrus. Sweet Sweet Bush Pepper (Clcthraalnifolia)."See Clethra. Sweet Potato (Ipomaea batatus). See Ipoma?a. Sweet Rocket (Hesperis matrionalis). See Hesperis. Sweet Scabious (Scabiosa atropurpurea). See Scabiosa. Sweet-scented Bramble (Rubus odoratus)." See Eubus. matis. Sweet-scented Clematis Sec Cle(Clematis flammula)." "
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
Sweet-scented Sweet-scented Swreet-scented Helleborus. Sweet-scented
Sweet-scented
Crab
Daphne
(Pyrus coronaria)," See Pyrus. (Daphne odora). See Daphne. "
Hellebore
(Helleboms
(Olea fragrant,)." See
Olive-tree
Tulip
odoru,?).
(Tulipa fragrans). "
420
See
"
Olea.
Tulipa.
See
removing suckers
to
loam,
house
nu
soils. in poor two FORCING : Compost, parts good Nov. Pot, Oct. or leaf-mould, " little sand.
sandy
slops or
FOR
CULTURE
POT
Apply
in
roots.
plants growing
to
summer
only. Allow
flowered
have
liquid manure
from
grow
shrub-
or
moderately after flowering (June),
that
shoots
shortening
borders
Position, sunny
CULTURE : Soil, ordinary good. beries. Prune, Plant, Oct. to Feb. or
GABDENING.
OF
ENCYOLOPJSDIA
part
one
Place
outdoors, protectingpots from plants potting in sheltered corner to temp of 55", with litter until required for forcing. Transfer frost buds burst Water Nov. Directly to Feb. moderately. daily. Syringe in of 55". 60" when in of to 65", expanded temp, replace place temp, 2 in. of base have flowered to within directly 'after Prune shoots that blooming. Keep plantsin heat until May, then gradually harden and in succession. not be forced two i^lants must years plant outdoors, in Apriland cold for in Lilacs be flowering greenhouse grown may seeds in in in Nov. Place sown Propagate by sunny greenhouse May. " removed suckers in autumn outdoors planted or spring; position ding varieties by budin ijept. Oct. to Feb. ; layering shoots from ; choice after
speciesin July,
common
on
the
in March
ash
by grafting on
or
speciesou
common
April.
or
and S. sraensia June, (Rouen Lilac), violet, May 9 ft., 6 to Emodi ft., hybrid; (Indian Lilac), purplish or white. May, Himalayas; japonioa (Jaiianese Lilac), crimson, July, lo to 20 ft., ilapan; Josika-a persica (Persian Lilac), purple. May, 8 ft., Hungary; (Hungarian Lilac), bluish 4 to fi It., Afghanistan; bluish vulgaris persica alba, white; purple. May, Also charming varieties, (Common Lilac), lilac. Way, 8 to 12 ft., E. Europe. many CULTIVATED:
SPECIES
4
G
to
for
which
trade
see
lists.
(Philadelphus coronarius). See Pliiladclphus. Tabernsemonta.na. (Adam's Apple; East Indian Rose Bay). shrubs. First introduced Ord. Apocynaceae. Stove evergreen flovvcriug Syring'a.
"
"
1770.
CULTURE : Compost, two parts sandy loam, one part fibrypeat, half Position, well-drained Pot, part silver sand. pots in light stove. Feb. to April. Prune straggling shoots moderately close immediately to Oct. ; moderately afterwards. after flowering. Water freely,March to Sept. Syringe daily, March, " until flowers appear. Temp., March 65" to 75". of ripe 70" to 80" ; Sept. to March by cuttings Propagate in small with filled under sand shoots, 2 to 3 in. long, inserted pots Feb. 75" in 65" to in bell-glass temp. a
SPECIES its varieties
T.
CULTIVATED:
crispa
liore
Orchid
Mountain
Table
white,
coronana,
^Urisp petalled) and
"
rafters
or
parts fibrous March. 2 ft. wide
and
ft., India; Disa.
Feb.,
one-third.
Water
loam
Volxem's
flower). Passion-
floweringclimbers. "
peat,
fourth
one
Position, well-drained
or
Prune,
walls; sunny.
8
(Scmpervivum tabulaeformc)."
See Sempervivum. Tacsonia (Blood-red Passion-flower; Van Greenhouse Ord. Passiflorse. evergreen 1828. First introduced CULTURE : Compost, equal Feb. Pot or plant, silver sand. 18 beds in. deep " or pots, or
to
See (Disa grandilloia;."
Houseleek
Table-shaped
4
summer,
plcno (double).
;
shoots
to
be
weak March copiously,
thinning
tubs
trained
out
shoots
up A-
to
Sept.; shortening strong ones Syringe twice daily, April to Sept. Apply moderately afterwards. stimulants occasionallyto healthy plants when in flower only. Temp., March
(o
SPIiOllW
Oct.
60"
to
t'HI.TIVATI'll);
70"; T.
to March cxoniensis, rose
40"
Oct.
422
or
to
50".
i)ink,summer,
20
to
30
ft.,
ENOYOLOPJiDIA
OF
(lARDRNlNG.
hybriil; insignis, ci-imson, autumn, 20 to 30 ft., S. America; maiiioata, 30 ft., Teru; Van-Volxemii, ovimson, autumn, 30 ft., Colombia.
scarlet,
autumn,
Tagetes
gold). Mari(African Marigold; i'rench Marigold; Mexican 1696. I'irst introduced Compositse. Half-hardy annuals. Soil, ordinary, well-enriched with decayed manure.
Ord. CULTURE: "
Position, sunny
borders
for French
Mexican
and
for
African
Marigold;
beds
sunny
borders
or
for T. borders or Marigold; edgings seeds Sow 1-16 in. deep in light soil in temp. 55" to signata pumila. 65" in March, in unheated or lings seedgreenhouse in April. Transnlant when three leaves form, 3 m. shallov,' in soil in boxes, light apart, in bed of rich soil in cold frame, gradually harden or off in May, and Plant African of three plant out in June. or Marigolds in groups French in six, or 16 in. apart in rows; Marigolds singly, or in groups
borders, 6 in. blooms
apart only.
Thin
Dwarf four
Suitable
ilower.
for
on
of
sulphate
exhibition
each
stimulants
(2) J oz.
beds
Marigolds (X- signata pumilal
Marigold
freely in dry weather.
of water.
gallon
in rows;
African shoots to
rows.
Water
plantsin
to
apart
m.
in
bloom.
a
12
or
to
to
four
carry
each
plant, carrying one Apply stimulants occasionally of Peruvian to ; (1)1 oz. guano ammonia to a gallon of water.
CULTIVATED; T. erecta (African Marigold), yellow, Bummcr, lucida (Mexican 1 ft., Mexico; Mexico; Marigold), yellow, summer, patula red and 1 ft., Mexico brown, summer, Marigold), orange, ; signata, yellow, 1 ft., Mexico; signata pumila, yellow, 6 in. SPECIES
Tail
Flovwer.
"
See
Tamarind-tree
CULTURE
:
"
(Tamarind floweringtree. evergreen
First
fibrous
loam,
Compost, two parts
large well-drained
pots
copiously,April
Water
summer,
indica). See Tamarindus. Indian Tree; Date)." Ord.
Stove
ft.,
Antliurium.
(Tamarindus
TamarindUS minosae.
2
(French
to
or
Oct.
in
tubs
part
one
lofty stove.
Pot
or
afterwards.
moderately
;
introduced
Legu-
1633. sand.
tion, Posi-
plant, Feb. Syringe
Shade from sun. Temp., April to Oct. 70" to 85" ; Oct. to April 60" to 70". Propagate by seeds steeped for a few and then in hours sown :Jin.deep in light soil in temp. tepidwater, of shoots inserted 75" to 85" m spring; cuttings singly in small wellin under 65" to 75", March drained to bell-glass pots placed temp.
daily, April
Sept.
to
August. CULTITATED:
SPECIES
T.
indica,
and
yellow
red,
20
summer,
to
40
ft..
Tropics.
(Tamarisk gallica).See
Tamarisk
"
Plant). Ord. Tamaricaceas. Hardy Flowering " orn. foliage. or Soil,ordinary or sandy. Position, shrubberies hedges beries gardens, S. " S.W. England; sunny banks or sheltered shrubinland Plant, Sept. to April. gardens south of the Trent.
(Tamarisk;Manna
TamariX evergreen CULTURE: in seaside in
"
shrubs.
Oct.
Prune,
Tamarix.
to
shortening straggling shoots only. long, inserted in sandy soil hand-light or in cold frame. Sept, or Oct. March,
by cuttings of shoots,
positionunder
4 to 6 in.
Propagate in sheltered
sinensis T. 8 to (Chinese Tamarisk), pink, summer, 6 to 8 ft., S. Europe; gallica, pink, summer, anglica (Common 8 to 10 ft., W. Europe. Tamarisk), pink, summer, ceous Tanacetum (Tansy; Alecost). Ord. Compositas. Hardy herbaCULTIVATED:
SPECIES
10
ft., China;
"
perennials. CULTURE: in
rows
form.
Soil, ordinary.
18 in. asunder
Replant
every
in March three
or
Position, sunny. Oct.
or
four 423
years.
Remove
Leaves
Plant, flower
12 in. stems
aromatic,
as
apart they
used
for
ENOYCLOI'J'JDIA
flavouringpuddingSj outdoors
in
SPECIES
etc., " for division
spring;
OUITIVATED:
Tang-erine
Tangier Tansy
OF
GARDENING.
garnisliing. Propagate by
of the
T.
seeds
sown
March.
Oct. or Tulgare orispum, yellow, summer, roots
in
Ora.ng:e-tree (Citrus uohilis). Iris (Iris Tingitana)." See Iris. (Tanacetum vulgare). See Tanacetum. "
3
ft., Britain.
See
Citrus.
"
Hawthorn
Tansy-leaved
See (Crataegus tanacetifolia). "
Cratsegus. Grass Tape (Vallisneria spiralis).See Vallisneria. Taraxacum (Dandelion). Ord. Compositae. Hardy perennial herb. Cultivated leaves for saladings. solelyfor its blanched from CULTUEE recent : Soil, ordinary deep, free manure. Position, in. 1 12 seeds in Sow in. in drills deep apart April. Thin sunny. "
"
-
seedlings to they form.
6 in.
apart
in
rows
Lift
roots
in
Nov.,
in
May.
"
store
flower
Remove in sand
directly place. Plant
stems
in cool
close or together in boxes large pots in ordinary soil. greenhouse between pots, etc., to exclude light. Place in warm Nov. " cut leaves when 3 to 6 in. long, for " April. Keep soil moist salads. fresh Make a Destroy roots afterwards. sowing annually. roots
almost
Cover
T. officinale, yellow, spring, Colocasia.
CULTIVATED:
SPECIES
Taro-root.
"
Tarragon
See
Britain.
Artemisia.
(Artemisia dranunculoides). See Honeysuckle (Lonicera "
Tartarian Lonicera. Tartarian Tasmanian Tasmanian Tasmanian Dicksonia. Tasmanian Samolus. Tassel
Ixla-lily
Sec
tartarica).
"
(Ixioliriontartaricum)." See Acer. (Coprosma Baueri). See Coprosma. (Anopterus glandulosa). See Anopterus. Fern (Dicksonia antarctica). See
Currant Laurel Tree
"
"
-
Water
Pimpernel
Cotton-grass
(Samolus
(Eriophorum
"
repens). "
polystachyon). "
See See
Eriopjiorum. Tassel
Hyacinth
Tawny
Day-lily
Taxodium coniferous
(Muscari comosum).
See Muscari. See Hemerocallis. Coniferse. duous Hardy deciintroduced 1640. Leaves,
(Hemerocallisfulva). (Deciduous Cypress). Ord. "
trees;
orn.
foliage.First
feather-shaped,deciduous, bright green, autumn. Habit, pyramidal when young;
"
"
changing broad,
to
dull
cedar-like
red
when
in
full
grown. CULTUEE
Soil, moist
loam.
Position, margins
of
ponds
rivers Oct. to Feb. |iu. Propagate by seeds sown pans of light soil in cold frame in April,transplanting seedlings singly iuto small pots the year after ; cuttings of shoots followingspring," planting outdoors in water in cold greenhouse or inserted in spring or frame summer; in Sept. or Oct. layering branches CULTIVATED; T. SPECIES distichum, 70 to 100 ft., S.W. States; distichum pendula, pendulous brunches. Taxus Orn. trees. (Yew Iree). Ord. ConifersB. Hardy evergreen used for Timber cabinet in but slow too foliage. growth to making, for that cultivate Leaves Estimated cattle. to poisonous purpose. average Average rate of growth, 2 to 3 in. age, 1,000 to 2,000 years. or
in
damp
:
places. Dry
positionquite
unsuitable. deep in
"
Plant,
"
per year. CULTURE
:
Soil, good
deep oi-dinary,moist. 424
Position, sunny
or
BNOYOLOP^^DlA shady shrubberies for common borders for variegated " Irish Prune .May. April. WINTER
BEDDING
kinds; yews.
shrubberies, lawns, sunny Plant, Sept. to Nov., Feb.
or
to
best adapted for the purpose" : Sort T. baccata Oct. or Nov. border Lift " replant in reserve
elegantissima. Plant, in
GAlltiMntNO.
OV
May.
POT Oct.
CULTUEE
:
Most
in cold
pots plunged HEDGE
COLTUEE
March,
rims
to
in cinders
Suitable Irish yews.
baccata
elegantissima. Pot,
trenched
18 in. for
Common,
Position, 3
gold
trees
"
silver
striped, good moist
Soil,
sunny.
spitsdeep " 3 ft. wide. for planting; 12 in.
Distance 3 ft. high; 2 ft. for trees
April.
or
soil.
or
kinds"
:
upright English " ordinary,previously high;
T.
Compost, two parts good ordinary mould, one part leafmoderately, Nov. to April j freely afterwards. Keep greenhouse, balcony, or corridor Oct. to May; outdoors wards, after-
mould.
Nov.,
suitable kind"
Nov. Water
or
Plant,
Oct.,
trees
18 in.
for
3 ft. 6 in. to 5 ft. high. Cost of preparing soil plants per 100, 21s. to 30s. and planting hedge, per lineal yard, 9d. to Is. Prune, trim, or clip in 1 in. sown Sept. Propagate April or by seeds deep in in March, of light or light soil outdoors \ in. deep in pans or boxes soil, in cold frame or greenhouse, in March, transplanting seedlingin bed when serted large enough to handle; by cuttings of shoots innursery in September; in sandy soil under hand-light,or in cold frame grafting variegated kinds on common upright yew in March ; layering in Sept.
Average
of
cost
CtTLTIVATED: T. baccata SPECIES (Common Tew), Also the Asia. following varieties : adpressa, 8 ft. ; albo leaves silver ; aurea, with silver ; argentea, striped with
pendula,
N. ft., Europe and variegata, leaves edged leaves golden (Golden
yellow ; elegantissima, leaves edged with Tew), erect habit; fastigiata (Irish Tew), edged and striped with white ; ; fastigiata variegata, leaves fastigiata aureo-variegata, leaves, green and yellow; T. canadensis (Canadian Tew), 3 ft., Canada; cuspidata (Japanese Tew), 20 ft., Japan. Tea-berry (Gaultheria procumbens). See Gaultheria.
Tew) ; edged
Dovaatoni
30
aurea
with
creamy columnar habit
erecta
white;
leaves
(Fulham
"
Camellia. (Camellia theifera). Tea-scented Rose (Eosa indica). See Eosa. Tea Tree (Lycium barbarum). See Lycium. Moreton Tecoma Bay Trumpet Jasmine). (Trumpet Flower; Ord. climbing Bignoniacese. Stove greenhouse " hardy evergreen
Tea-pla.nt
See
"
"
"
"
First STOVE
flowering shrubs. CULTUEE
peat Pot
" or
J, and
OP
silver sand.
plant, weak
afterwards. order to March to to 65".
Feb.
shoots
Expose
ripen
them
Sept.
65"
introduced SPECIES
1640. :
Compost,
two
parts loam,
one
part
Position, pots or beds with shoots trained up roof. March. Prune, Feb., shortening strong shoots or to Sept.; keep nearly dry Water freely,April f .
shoots
fully
thoroughly to
to for
85"; Sept.
to
sun
during August
flowering Nov.
60"
to
next
season.
"
Sept. in Temp.,
70"; afterwards
55"
two parte loam, SPECIES GEEENHOUSE : Compost, well-drained sand. silver Position, large one pots, or part peat in for in. beds ft. 18 3 one greenhouse; deep, plant, lightsunny square, Good Pot or plant,Feb. or March. shoots trained drainage up roof. Prune J of strong shoots, f of weak shoots, away absolutelynecessary. Water in Feb. copiously,April to Oct. Keep nearly dry, Oct. to stimulants weak occasionallyto healthy establishecJ April. Apply
CULTUEE
OF
"
423
plants during
in
abundance
"
early
of
flowers.
at
IX
G.
to
wood to
freely
air
Admit
time.
any
thoroughly ripen Temp., April to Oct, 55"
autumn
ing insur-
for
65"; Oct.
to
to 50".
40"
April
required
shade
No
summer.
summer
GARDEN
OF
L]\OYCLOr.EDlA
CULTURE
SPECIES
HARDY
OF
parts loam,
Soil, two
;
part
one
border Position, well-drained against S. wall. peat " silver sand. in March. Prune for as Plant, Sept. to March. species greenhouse in shoots, 3 in. long, inserted by cuttings of firm young in of of soil under well-drained sandy bell-glass placed temp, pots inch 55" to 65" in summer ; cuttings of roots, 1 to 2 in. long, planted an shoots in soil in of 55" in to 65", spring; layering sandy temp, deep
Propagate
SPECIES:
STOVE
SPECIES
ft., Australia;
20
to
jasminoidee, white 2
to
10 to 20 ft., Amboina. a-mboinenBia, orange-red, summer, australis : T. Manglesii, white, purple and red, BUmmer,
T.
CrllEENHOUSE 10
Oct.
April, Sept., or
March,
10
orange-scarlet, Bunimer, caponsiB, red, Aug., 10 to 20 ft., Australia;
and
to
20
Smithii,
ft., S. orange,
Africa; autumn,
3 ft.
HARDY
SPECIES:
10 to 20 10 to 20
and ft., China ft., N. America.
grandiflora (Syu. Bignonia grandiflora), scarlet, summer, Japan; radicane ^Syn. Bignonia radicans), scarlet, summer,
T.
Tecophilaea. bulbous
CULTURE
(Chilian Crocus). "
plants. Compost,
First
introduced
Haemodoracese.
Ord.
house Green-
1872.
parts sandy loam,
part decayed cow or pots in cool Plant bulbs 3 in. deep " 6 in. apart in frame, Aug. to Nov. greenhouse. three in a 5-in. pot " 2 in. deep. Cover Pot, singly in 3J-in.potsor pot with ashes or fibre refuse till growth begins. Water moderately; ifo keep dry after foliage turns yellow until growth recommences. artificial heat air freely to plants in pots " frames required. Admit after February. at potting time. Propagate by offsets removed manure.
SPECIES
Chili, and
:
two
Position, well-drained
CULTIVATED its -variety
Telanthera
perennials.
bed
in
cold
one
frame
blue and while, fragrant, spring, 6 in., Cyanocrocus, : T. Leichtlinii, blue. Amarantaceae. (Joy-weed). Ord. Half-hardy known the of under foliage. Better generic name "
Orn.
Used
Alternanthera.
for
carpet bedding.
Soil, ordinary.
CULTURE:
Foliage, crimson,
Position, sunny
Sept. Plant, May, 2 in. apart. Temp. 55" to 65" during winter. sandy soil,temp. 75", March.
Lift
beds
in
red.
outdoors. May in pots or boxes
Sept., store Propagate by cuttings inserted
to in
in
CULTIVATED: T. flooidea (Syn. Alternanthera amabilis), leaves, its varieties, amoena scarlet, 3 in., Trop. America, and (leaves orange, red, tricolor bronze, and green), and (leaves green, rose, purple and yellow); bettziohiana (Syn. Altcrnantlvcra and its paronychoides), leaves brown scarlet, and varieties major (larger leaves) and major aurea (red and yellow foliage). Telegraph-plant See Desmodium. (Desmodium gyraus). SPECIES
orange
"
Tenore's Ten-week
Candytuft Stock
Testudinaria Dioscoreacese. CULTURE
(Iberis Tenoreana)." See Iberis.
(Matthiola annua)." See Matthiola. (Hottentot's Bread; Elephant's Foot)." Ord.
Greenhouse
deciduous
climber.
First
introduced
1774.
Compost, equal parts fibrous loam, turfy peat, k sand. in sunny Position, well-drained March. or greenhouse. Pot, Feb. Water to No afterwards. April moderately, Sept.; keep nearly dry shade to 55" required. Temp., March to 65"; Sept. to Sept. March 40" to 50" Propagate by cuttings of firm side shoots inserted in sandy loam under tings bell-glassin temp. 45" to 55" in spring, or cutof young shoots when 1 to 2 in. long inserted in sandy loam under bell-glacain similar temp., spring or summer. :
426
ENVyULOVMDlA SPECIES
CULTIVATED
:
Tetrag'Onia annual.
OV
T. olophantipes, yellow, summer,
(New Zealand in gardens
Cultivated
GAUDENINd.
ou light dry especially
soils.
5 to
Spinach)."Ord. aa
a
First
substitute introduced
10
ft., S. Africa.
Ficoideas.
for
Hardy spinach
summer
1772.
"
Leaves, large,
thick, succulent. CULTURE : Soil, ordinary. Position, sunny. for 24 hours soaked in tepid water, singlylin. with light soil in March. Place m
Sow
deep
temp.
pots
55"
seeds, previously in 2-iu. pots filled to 65" " keep soil
moist.
Transfer four seedlings to 5-in. pots when seedlings form off in cold frame, " plant out 3 ft. apart in rows leaves, harden 4 ft. asunder. Gather the leaves Water for in only dry freely cooking. weather. Seeds be sown in open to ground in May it unable may them in heat. sow SPECIES CULTIVATED 3 in.. New Zealand. : T. yellow, summer, oxpanea, Tetramicra.. Ord. Orchidaceae. Stove epiphytal orchids. First introduced 1831. CULTURE : Compost, equal parts fibrous peat, sphagnum moss, " charcoal. Position, light,fastened by copper wire to small blocks of in small " roots covered with well-drained teak, or sphagnum moss; baskets in March. in teak baskets. Place on blocks, or pots or pots or 45" 50" to to to to Nov. Feb. March 55"'; 60"; May to May Temp., twice Water to 55" to 65". Nov. Feb. Feb. to Nov. once a week, ; in March. to Nov. division of Propagate by plants April; daily April CULTIVATED: L. bioolor SPECIES (Syn. Leptotes bioolor), wliito and purple, winter, 2 in., Brazil; rigida, rosy purple, spring, 1 ft., W. Indies. Greenhouse Tremandraceae. Tetratheca. Ord. evergreen introduced 1803. First shrubs. flowering "
"
part turfy loam, peat, one tion, Posisand. " silver pots, Feb. March. in or Pot, well-drained greenhouse. lightairy pots Shade rain water only to be used. moderately at all seasons; to 40" Oct. to to 50"; June to April April, Temp., Sept. sun, in inserted of side shoots 50" to 65". cuttings Propagate by 55" in to 65", summer. in shade under temp. bell-glass two
Compost,
CULTURE:
parts
fibrous
part equal proportionscharcoal, broken
one
Water from Oct.
sand
natives
T.
CULTIVATED:
SPECIES
ft. ;
1
summer, of
hirsuta,
erioa.'(olia,lose,
pink, spring,
3
ft.
;
1
summer,
juncea,
ft.; glandulosa, purple,
purple,
summer,
3
ft.
All
Australia.
(Germander; Cat Thyme). perennials. sunny : Soil, ordinary. Position,
Teucrium herbaceous CULTURE rockeries
"
Ord.
Labiatai.
Hardy
borders dryish ; sunny March or etc. Plant, for T. April. walls old marum, or March in of roots or division April. Propagate by 1 ft., S. T. purple, summer, (Oat Thymo), marum CULTIVATED : SPECIES Britain. 1 ft., -variegated foliage, Soorodonia variegatum, Europe; and Scitaminese. half-hardy perenliials. Hardy Thalia." Ord.
First
introduced OP
1791. HARDY
Position, tub : Soil, sandy loam. tered shelin March. a Plant Requires warm, or pond in best of N. greenhouse. In England grown spot. SPECIES: Soil, light, rich loam. HALF-HARDY OP CULTURE in March. Pot of moist in greenhouse. part shady Position, pots 45" to Oct. to March, and summer. in Temp., Water spring freely in spring. division 65". 55" to by to March Propagate Sept., 55"; CULTURE shallow
HARDT
of
SPECIES
HALF-HABDT
Thalictrum
:
SPECIES
water.
T.
dealbata,
blue, July, 6 ft., S. California. 2 ft., TV. Indies. summer,
genioulata, blue, (Meadow Rue; Tufted
SPECIES:
T.
427
Columbine). "
Ord.
Rauui-
EN
CYCLOP.
culaceae.
Hardy
excellent
substitute
EDI
A
GAIWENING.
OF
herbaceous perennials. Leaves, finelydivided, green ; fern. for maiden-hair CULTURE borders for tall species, Position, sunny : Soil, ordinary. T. aquilegifolium, etc. ; sunny for dwarf rockeries species,T. anemouoides minus. " T. Plant, Oct. to March. Top-dress annually in Feb. March with or Lift, divide, " replant only decayed manure. when or absolutelynecessary. Propagate by division of roots in March
April. T. anemonoides (Hue Anemone), yellow, spring, 8 to 3 ft., Europe; aquilegifolium, angustifolium, yellow, summer, minus 3 ft., Europe; 1 ft., Europe; minus, purple, summer, yellow, summer, ndiantifolia, Maiden-hair-like foliage. Theobroma. Tree). Ord. Sterculiaceae. (Cocoa Tree; Chocolate 1739. trees. Stove evergreen First introduced Fruit, oval, yellow,or CULTIVATED:
SPECIES
3
ft., N.
America;
"
reddish.
Position, Compost, equal parts fibrous loam " sand. stove. well-drained Water warm Pot, Feb. freely, pots in moist March to Oct.; moderately afterwards. Syringe daily, April to Sept. Shade from Prune into shape, Feb. 55" sun. Temp., Oct. to March 70" to 85". to 65"; March to Oct. Propagate by cuttings of halfin sand in temp, of 75" to under ripened shoots inserted bell-glass 85", April to August. CULTURE
:
CULTIVATED:
SPECIES
T.
and
rose
cacao,
yellow,
IS
summer,
to
20
ft., Trop.
America.
Thermopsis. First
Ord.
"
introduced
Leguminosse. Hardy
herbaceous
perennials.
1799.
Soil, ordinary. Position, open borders. Plant, sunny April. Propagate by seeds sown Jin. deep in light rich soil in sunny position outdoors in April,transplantingseedlings when large enough to handle. CULTURE:
March
or
CULTIVATED:
SPECIES N.
T. caroliniana, golden yellow, summer, 1 to 2 ft., N. America. golden yellow, summer, Cactus See (Mammillaria dasycarpa).
America:
4
to
5
ft.,
montana,
ThimbI" Mammillaria. Thistle Oil-plant (Argemone mexicaua). See .\rgemone. Thiadiantha. Ord. Cucurbitaceae. Half-hardy annual climber. First introduced 1864. Fruit, green, oblong, netted, " ribbed. "
"
"
CULTURE
Soil, ordinary.
border Position, well-drained against light soil in temp. 55" to 65", March or April, transplanting seedlingssingly into small pots when three leaves in cold frame form, harden or greenhouse, " plant outdoors, May or
:
wall.
sunny
Sow
seeds
in
June. SPECIES
Thong
CULTIVATED:
Lily
T.
dubia, golden yellow, summer,
(Clivia miniatum).
Thorn Thrift
"
See
5 to
10
ft., China.
Clivia.
See Datura. Apple (Datura Stramonium). (Armeria vulgaris). See Armeria. Thrinax Palmacese. (Silver Thatch Stove Palm)." Ord. orn. 1778. foliage plant. First introduced Leaves, fan-shaped,green. CULTURE; Compost, two parts loam, one part peat, " little sand. Position, well-drained in moist of Water stove. pots part copiously, April to Oct. ; moderately afterwards. Syringe daily, April to Sept. Moist from Shade atmosphere highly essential. sun. Temp., March to Oct. 70" to 85"; Oct. to March 55" to 65". Propagate by seeds soaked for a few hours in tepid water " then sown J in. deep in sandy
loam
in
SPECIES
"
"
temp,
of 75"
CULTIVATED:
to 85" T.
any time. argentea (Broom 428
or
SiUet
Thatoh
Palm),
10
to
OF
IINCYCLOPMDIA
GARDENING.
large enough spring, transplanting seedlings in open ground when in sandy soil inserted of in. to handle 2 to 3 shoots, by cuttings long, ; under bell-glassor in cold frame in Sept. ; grafting in March. SPECIES
CULTIVATED
T.
;
(Syn. Thuyopsis dolobrata), 30 to dolobrata yariegata, variegated Arbor-vitas, 20 to 30 ft., Japan;
dolobrata
form Japan ; dolobrata laitevirens, dwarf ; japonica (Syn. Thuya Standishii), Japanese
BO ft., form ; occi-
and it" varieties America; (American Arbor-vitce), 50 to CO ft., N.E. (variegated white); argenteo-variegata aureo-variegata (yellov?),ellwangeriana (ends of branches yellow tinted), (dwarf form), crieoides (dwarf habit), lutea pendula (branches drooping), Spiithii (branchlets clustered),vervajneana (branchlets dense (dwarf, tinged with wareana yellow or brown), and growing); orientalis and and its (Chinese arbor-vitoj),Syn. Biota orientalis, 20 to 25 ft., China Japan; varieties argenteo-variegata (variegated with white), aurea (golden), aureo-variegata (variegated with yellow), deeussata (dwarf form), elegantissima (dwarf, graceful (dwarf form) ; plicata (Syn. T. habit), pendula (branches drooping), and pygmira Canoe gigantea and T. Lobbii), Red America, or a Cedar, 100 to 150 ft., N.W. very dentalis
.
handsome
tree.
Thyme
vulgaris). See Thymus.
(Thymus
"
Thyme-leaved
(Fuchsia thymifolia). See Rhododendron (Rhododendron
Fuchsia
Thyme-leaved
cislus). See Thymus
(Garden " Lemon-scented shrubby perennial.
CULTURE
OF
purposes. 4 in.
Plant, three winter
THYME
GARDEN
Thyme). Shoots
:
Soil, light, rich ordinary. 8 in. asunder, apart in rows
four
or
chamae-
Rhododendron.
"
aromatic
Fuchsia.
"
years.
Gather
shoots
Ord.
"
used
when
or
Hardy
largelyfor culinary
Position, March
Labiatae.
sunny
border.
warm
.Vpril. Replant every " dry for appear,
blossoms
use.
CULTURE
rockeries.
OF
OTHER
Plant,
Oct.
SPECIES; March.
Soil, ordinary. Excellent
Position, sunny
for
plants carpeting bare bulbs. seeds in. sown spring | spots Propagate by deep in lines Sin. apart in April, thinning seedlings to 4 in. apart in May June; or in division of the March each furnished or plant by portion being April, with few roots; gold " silver kinds in a by cuttings in cold frames or
over
summer.
CULTIVATED:
SPECIES
T. azoricus, purple, summer, 3 in., Azores; Berphyllam Thyme), rosy purple, June, 6 to 9 in., Europe; serphylium lanucitriodorus ginosus serphylium (Woolly-leaved Thyme); aureum (Golden-leaved and Thyme); serphylium citriodorus argenteus (Eraser's Silver-leaved Thyme); coccinous Serphylium (Crimson-flowered Thyme); vulgaris (Garden Thyme), purple, citriodorus
June,
6
(Lemon
in., S. Europe.
Thyrsacanthus
Stove (Thyrse Flower). Ord. Acanthacea?. First introduced 1823. flowering shrubs. Compost, equal parts peat, loam, loaf-mould, " sand. Position, well-drained frame, pots in lig-htstove, Sept. to June; sunny June to Sept. Pot, March or April. Water moderately, Sept. to March; freely other times. 55" to 65"; March Temp., Sept. to March "
evergreen CULTURE;
to
June
Nip
65"
to
75".
Prime
shoots
to
tin.
of
base
after
flowering.
oft
shoots occasionally. points of young May to August, to induce twice week bushy growth. Apply liquid or artificial manure to a shoots plants in flower. inserted Propagate by cuttings of young singly in small pots of sandy soil under bell-glassin temp. 75", March to July. SPIXJIES
Tiarella
CULTIVATED:
T.
rutilans, crimson,
(False Mitre-wort;
Foam
Hardy
First introduced perennial herb. CULTURE: Soil, ordinary. Po.ntion, 430
winter,
2 to
Flower). "
3
Ord.
ft., Colombia.
Saxifragaceae,
1731. sunny
rockeries
or
flower
ENCYCLOPAEDIA borders.
Plant, March
March SPECIES
April. Propagate by
or
CULTIVATED:
T.
TibOUChina
clivi8ion of
oordifolia,-whito, April,
B
in
roots
in,, N. America.
(Brazilian Spider-flower)." Ord.
Greenhouse CULTURE:
floweringshrubs. Compost,
charcoal
shoots
GARDENING.
April.
or
part
OF
Evergreen.
First
Melastomaceai.
introduced
1864.
two
parts turfy loam, one part peat, " one sand. Position,well-drained pots, tubs, or beds, with to trellis, or pillars,rafters, or walls. Pot, or up
"
trained
plant, Feb. or March. Prune into shape, Feb. Water freely,April to ; moderately afterwards. t-ept. stimulants week Apply once a May to Sept. Temp., March or Sept. 60" to 70"; Sept. to March 50" to 60 Propagate by cuttings of firm side shoots 3iu. long inserted singly in small pots of sandy soil, under bell-glass or in propagator, i "s in temp, of 70" to 80"/ Feb. to Sept. .
-
"
CUL'TIVATED:
SPECIES
Losiandra (Syn._
T. elegans, purple, .Tune, 6 ft., Brazil; semi-decandra ma"ranthum), purple, summer, 10 to 15 ft,, Brazil. See Coreopsis. (Coreopsistinctoria)."
Pleroina
or
Tick-seed
Tidy-tips
(Layia platyglossa).See Layia. (Mesembryanthemum tigrinum), "
Tiser-Chop
See
"
Mesemhryau-
themum.
Flower Tiger (TigridaPavonia)." See Tigridia. iris." See Tigridia. Tiger Tiger Lily (Lilium tigrinum). See Lilium. Tigridia (Tiger Flower; Tiger Iris)."Ord. Iridaceae. Half-hardy or First introduced 1796. last in perfection Blooms greenhouse bulbs. but one day only. OUTDOOR CULTURE: " leaf-mould Soil, equal parts rich loam with little sand, in partiallyshaded bed prepared by digging out soil to depth of 24 in.; place 6 in. of brickbats clinkers in bottom " or for remamdet culture border or an ordinary compost; open sunny " any good soil. Plant bulbs 3 in. deep, 5 to 6 in. apart, placing little under each in April. Mulch sand " around with " decayed manure cocoanut-fibre refuse when Water in 3 in. high. weather. freely di-y "
Lift bulbs
place POT Coyer
until
CULTURE
part
one
Oct., tie in small
in
sand.
pots
or
under
to
light.
cinder in
ashes
cold
advanced. Apply when show. Position
yellow, then "
suspend
by spring ; by SPECIES
in
after stimulants
in
refuse
in cold
growth begins, then
growth
begins;
freelywhen
when occasionally
flower
flower, light airy greenhouse water from
or
until
frame remove
well stems
cold
sunny foliageturns
soil,tie into bundles,
pagate place until potting time the following April. Prosown J in. deep in light compost in temp. 55" to 65",
cool
seeds offsets removed :
"
"
See
for treated as advised orange-red, BUmmer,
T. PaTonia,
Pavonia aurea, alba, white; and crimaon, acarlet, orange, white, May, 1 ft., Mexico.
Tilia
until
flowering, gradually withhold bulbs keep quite dry. Remove
CULTIVATED
Tile-root.
proof suspend in cool, airy,frost-
cocoauut-fibre
moderately
Water
After
or
greenhouse
weak
frame.
"
following April. two : Compost, parts sandy loam, one part peat, " Pot the bulbs singly in 4J-in. pots in March or April.
with
stage
bundles,
old
bulbs
in
1 ft., Mexico rich yellaw;
conchiflora, yellov?; Pavonia 18 in., Mexico; violacea, rose, summer,
;
April. Pavonia
Pringlei, purple and
Geissorhiza.
(Lime Tree; trees. deciduoug "Pardy
Linden
Orn.
Bass Ord. Tiliaceaj. Tree; Wood). foliage. Fl-iwors, whito, yellow;frfj"
m
GARDENING.
OF
ENCYCLOPEDIA
Ord. Piptanthus Leguminosae. Hardy (Nepaul Laburnum). shrub. 1821. First introduced flowering evergreen beries, CULTURE sheltered shrub: Soil, rich Position, warm sandy loam. S. " S.W. bf England; N. London. S. of Plant, walls, against Prune shoots or Oct., Sept., April, May. straggling moderately after in sandy soil in cool greenhouse flowering. Propagate by seeds sowu cold frame in spring; cuttings of ripened shoots inserted in small or pots of sandy soil under bell-glassor hand-light outdoors, Aug. or Sept.; layering shoots, Sept. or Oct. "
OtTLTIVATED
SPECIES
Pi^tachiO-nut Pistacia
P.
:
5 to 10 ft.,Himalayas. nepalensis, yellow, sommer, See Pistacia. Mastich Tree). Ord. Anacar-
(Pistaoiavera)." (Pistachio-nutTree;
diacese.
Hardy
foliage.
First
"
evergreen
"
deciduous
Flowering " orn. unequally feather-shapedj
trees.
introduced 1656. Leaves, in young state. Soil, deep rich sandy loam. Position, sheltered S.W. England; against S. walls, N. of London.
; reddish green CULTURE :
S. "
beries shrubPlant
Nov. species,Sept., Oct., April, or May; deciduous species, Prune Nov. to species,April; deciduous evergreen species, Propagate by cuttings inserted in sandy soil in cold frame or hand-light, Sept. or Oct. ; layering in Sept.
evergreen to Feb.
Feb. under
SPECIES CULTIVATED: 40 ft., Canary P. atlantioa, leaves pinnate, evergreen, Isles; Lentiscus Terebinthus (Masticli Tree), leaves pinnate, 20 ft., S. Europe; (Turpentine Tree), yellow, June, 30 ft., S. Europe; vera (Pistaohio Kut Tree), brown, April, 20 ft., Syria. Pistia Water Aroidese. Weed; (Tropical Duck Lettuce).^Ord. Stove First introduced 1843. Flowers, green, aquatic perennial. borne on Leaves, wedge-shaped, notched, spadix at base of leaves.
pale
hairy.
green, CULTURE
surface fresh
60"
:
Place
stove.
of
soil to
water.
annually.
70".
SPECIES
Soil, rich 2-in.
tub tank in Position, shallow or tub tank soil bottom of " on or layer plant on Replenish with tepid water occasionally. Add 70" to 85"; Oct. to March to Oct. Temp., March
Propagate
CULTIVATED
Pisum
loam.
of
offsets. stratiotes, 1 to
by P.
:
(Garden Pea;
Sugar Pea;
3
in., Jamaica.
Crown
or
Pea).
Mummy
"
Ord.
seeded " podded vegetables. Edible Leguminosae. Hardy annuals. CULTURE GARDEN PEAS: loam, OF Soil, deep, rich calcareous thick " trenched three a containing layer of previously spitsdeep between first and second Position, manure spit. sunny, open tected proSolid Suitable Manures Horse from N. " N.E. " E. winds. : dung or peat-moss litter for heavy soils ; cow or pig dung for light or "
sandy
Chemical (1) Kainit 21b., nitrate lime 91b., half of each to a square when plants are 6 in. high; (2)nitrate
soils.
"
of
remainder
of
soda
rod
51b., superphosphate
before
of soda
sowing,
lilb., kainit
No. as 1; 31b., applied same rod before a applied sowing, " 6 lb. guano square when lib. for scjuare rod plants are 3 in. high; (4) Peruvian guano 1 before also when lb. in. 3 sowing, plants are high. Liquid Horse urine diluted " cow with two-thirds nitrate of soda Joz. to water; all be to when is moist " when gallon, applied only ground pods have formed. Direction of E. to W. S.E. to N.W. : rows for early or just sorts ; N. to S. for main Depth of drills,2\ to 3 in. ; width, crops. Distance 6 to 9 in. apart for sowing the seeds: 1 in. each way for 2 for in, medium dwarf sorts; kinds; 3 in. for tall vars., arranged in
l^lb.,
superphosphate
(3) native
l^lb.,
salt
6 lb. to
"
332
SNOYCLOP^DtA thus
GAltDmMQ.
Of
ties 18 in. for varie: 4ft. than not more exceeding height; 6 to for 8ft. sorts those earliest 5 6ft. Sow to high; growing high. south border, Nov. " Jan., or on in 4^ in. pots in temp. 55" in Jan., hardening plantsoff when 3 in. high in cold frame " planting outdoors in Feb. or March; second early sorts in open garden m Feb. " March; " late mould " J uly. Draw main-crop,April May ; up to crops, June each side of row them. when plantsare 6 in. high " place supports to to width of 15 in. Mulch each with Water side of row on manure. copiouslyin dry weather. Nip off points of shoots of 'tall kinds when 4 ft. high, " seeds 5 ft. high. Early peas, round, late again when ditto, wrinkled (marrowfats). Quantity of seed reqijired for a row for 3 to 4 50ft. long: 1 pint. Seeds retain their vegetativepowers seeds germinate in 10 to 20 days. Crop reaches maturity years, and Bound-seeded sorts germinate more in 18 to 24 weeks. quickly than kinds. and wrinkled Protect seeds from mice birds by soaking them in paraffinoil for 4 hours before sowing. two
rows,
Distance
".-."."
:
not
2 ft. in
between
3 ft. for
rows
those
Culture Maeket well manured. and : Soil, deeply worked Manure and trench Position, or plough deeply previous autumn. for and sheltered Manures: Easic early crops. slag, 8 to lOcwt. kainit 2 cwt. per acre, appliedin autumn. When plantsappear, apply 3 cwt. superphosphate per'acre, " a few weeks later 1 cwt. nitrate of soda per acre. On poor soils apply 10 tons of farmyard manure per -
and in autumn, superphosphate " nitrate of soda in spring. Sow early sorts, Nov. to Jan.; mid-season, Feb. " March; late, April. Distances to sow to ft. asunder. : 3 in. deep,2 to 3 in. apart in rows 3 2^ to of bushels. Cost cultivation 3 sow an acre : : Quantity per acre Hoeing,3s.; brushing haulm, 3s. 6d. ; picking per bushel (321b.),4d. to 6d. Average yieldper acre, 150 bushels. Average return per acre, ^620 to ^30. of seeds 56 to 63 lb. bushel, Weight per for garden peas. CULTURE OF PEAS SUGAR Sow : Soil, same as in March in drills in. wide 6 " 6 " ft. earth or April,2J-in.deep apart, Gather pods when fullydeveloped " way. up k stake in the usual Rotation beans. cook like French follow potatoes, carrots, : Peas may parsnips,turnips,broccoli, or cabbage ; " be succeeded by cabbage, acre
turnips,spinach, or
celery.
MUMMY PEA: CULTURE OF Soil, ordinary. Position, open Sow seeds ^in. deep, three or borders. four in a 3-in. pot sunny window filledwith lightsoil " placed in warm or greenhouse in March, in May; or 2iin. deep in open transplantingseedlings outdoors 6 in. high. Water ground in April. Support with stakes when when flowers copiouslyin dry weather. Apply stimulants occasionally appear. SPECIES white or
red,
CULTIVATED
red,
summer,
Europe;
Mediterranean in an Egyptian
elatius
etc. ;
satlTum
(Mummy
is
a
of cultivated Tarieties, (Sugar Pea), white or 4 to 6 ft., Pea), blush, summer,
saccuaratum
Crown
seeds
of
latter
were
originallyfound
purely legendary one. Bromeliacese. Stove
First perennialherbs. or Leaves, narrow sword-shaped; margins prickly. CULTURE loam, rough peat, " leaf: Compost, equal parts fibrous Water Good mould. tial. Pot, March. freelyalways. drainage essen6(j" to 70; March to Sept. 70" to 80". Temp., Sept. to March Propagate by offshoots inserted in small pots at any time.
Pitcalrnia. introduced 1777.
SPECIES
"
CULTIVATED
Ord.
or
that
statement
Ilegion. The mummy
(Garden Pea), parent
P. satiTOm
:
Europe,
Bummer,
:
P.
andreana, 333
yellow and
red,
summer,
1
ft., Tene-
(^ABDFyXIXO.
OF
ENrYCLOP.EDIA
Impatiens. Boraginacese.
See
(Impaticns noli-me-tangere). Heliotrope). Ord. (Summer
Touch-me-not Tournefortia
"
"
First introduced 1800. flowering shrubs. leaf-mould Icfam, Compost, equal parts light trained shoots or with Position, pots or beds, growing loosely
Greenhouse
or vviiUs, pillars,
to
in
pots in windows.
Sept.,or " repot, Sept.
Pot
Feb.
Apply liquidor artificial old plants in closelyin Feb.
Prune
lateral
main
shoots
form
pyramids;
shoots apex Oct.
points when
at
3
apex be removed
to
60"
frame
12 in.
when
to
70";
main 6
to
in. long
Feb.
shoots when
shoots
altogether to
form
to
side
"
"
Oct
50"
to
Plant
Oct., moderately
wards. after-
in
flower.
shoots
55"-
Jnly
Pot "
plants
Aug.
within
to
standards.
form
trellis,
healthy plants off points of main, ; Nip dwarf plants; points of when 3 to 6 in. long, to 2ft. long, " of lateral
all side
"
to
positionoutdoors,
sunny
or
long, of
Training
long,
3 in.
when
shoots
also
to to
manure
to
outdoors, June outdoors, June.
beds
sunny
May.
to
freely March
Water
Lift
in
greenhouse;
in
rafters
sand.
"
CULTURE;
4 in. of
Temp.,
Feb.
do
in
best
by
Propagate
to
cold seeds
in. deep in well-drained sewn pots or pans of light soil in temp. of 65" to 75" in March shoots, 2 to 3 in long, inserted in ; by cuttings of soil underbell-glass,or in propagator in temp. 65" to 75" sandy pots 1-16
in
March,
April, Aug.
Sept.
or
CULTIVATED:
SPECIES
cordifolia, white,
T.
2
sninmer,
to
3
ft., Colombia;
2 ft., Trop. America. laivigata,lilao, summer, Trachelium (Blue Throat-wort). Ord. Campanulaceae. Hardy 1640. herbaceous perennial.First introduced CULTUEE: part leaf-mould. Compost, two parts sandy loam, one in severe rockeries. Plant, March or Position, sunny April. Protect in weather Propagate by seeds sown by covering of dry fern fronds. above compost, lightlycovered with fine light mould, place in temp, of 55" to 6.3",spring, transplantseedlingswhen large enough to handle, "
in
harden
cold
frame in
inserted
shoots
"
CULTIVATED
SPECIES white.
plant out, May or June; cuttings of bell-glassin April or Sept.
:
T. oueruleum, blue, Aug., 2 ft., Italy
(Chinese Jasmine; evergreen climbing
Trachelospermum
Apocynaceae.
young
soil under
sandy
Greenhouse
1846. introduced CULTURE: Compost, equal parts peat, loam, pots with shoots trained to wire trellis,or trained borders with shoots rafters, or up pillars,
;
oseraleum
Chinese shrub.
album,
Ivy)." Ord. Flowering.
First
Feb.
or
March.
shoots
under
afterwards. Prune ing. moderately after flowerto Sept. 65" to 75"; Temp., March
when
flowering.
essential. 55". to March, Propagate by cuttings of firm young in well-drained 2 to 3 in. long, inserted pots of sandy peat placed bell-glassin temp. 65" to 75", spring or summer. from
Shade
Sept.
freely April to Oct., moderately
Water
Syringe daily except
silver sand. tion, Posiwell-drained beds or walls. Pot or plant,
"
SPECIES
sun
45"
to
CULTIVATED
whito, fragrant, summer,
T.
:
10
jasmiaoides
(Syn. lihyncospermum
jasminoides),
to 15 ft., China.
Tradescantia
(Spider-wort;Flower-of-a-Day). Ord. Commeperennials. CULTURE: Soil, ordinary. Position, partially shady or sunny borders beds. or Plant, Oct., Nov., March or April. Lift, divide, " Excellent replant every three or four years. plants for town gardens.
linaceae.
Propagate by SPECIES
"
Hardy
herbaceous
division
CULTIVATED:
of
roots, March or .\pril. T. I to "virginiaiia,violet blue, sj-'rins, 434
3
ft., N.
ENCYCLOPAEDIA Amcrioa; the
see
virginiana alba, white; virginiana
pleno, double.
florc
For
speciea
indoor
Zebrina,
geuus
Tragacanth
See
(Astragalus tragacantha).
Gum-plant
Astragalus. TrsLgoposon
Hardy
GARDENING.
OF
"
(Salsafy;Vegetable Oyster)."Ord. Compositaj.
biennial esculent-rooted
long, tapering, white.
Eoota
vegetable.
from
Soil, ordinary fine, rich, deeply trenched, free of three or Sow seeds in groups Position, sunny, open. in. apart, in drills Jin. deep, " 18 in. apart, in April. Thin
CXJJJTURE
:
four,
stones. 12
when
3
in. high to
in
lings seed-
heads
flower
Remove
each
as group. in " store off their the roots in Oct., twist leaves, soon as seen. until outhouse with sand in cellar or soil between or required layers for cooking. Artificial manures for : 3J lb. kainit, 1 lb. sulphate of ammonia, mixed, per square rod (30J square yards , 2J lb. of guano, applied between sowing in spring. Requires to be raised from seed See Scorzonera annually for producing roots for culinary purposes. one
Lift
culture,
for market SPECIES
etc.
CULTIVATED:
T.
and
porritolius, purple, May
June,
2
3
to
ft.,
Europe. Fuchsia Trailing (Fuchsia procumbens). See Fuchsia. Jesuit's Nut). Chestnut; Trapa (Water Caltrops; Water Onagraceae. Hardy aquaticfloatingherbs. shallow pots or CULTURE: Soil, rich loamy. Position, sunny; in cool greenhouse. Plant, April or May. Projiajateby seeds in temp, of 65" to 75" in spring. in loamy soil in water "
Ord.
"
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
Traveller's
T.
Joy
Traveller's
natans
(Syn.
T.
sown
biconiis), Europe.
Clematis.
See
(Clematis vitalba). "
Tree
tubs
(Ravenala madagascarensis). "
See
Ravenala.
Treasure-flOV\fer (Gazania Pavonia). See Cazania. See Dianthus. Carnation. Tree Celandine Tree (Bocconia cordata). See Bocconia. Tree Cinquefoil (Poteutillafrutescens). See Potentilla. Ferns." See Cyathea " Dicksonia. Tree Heath Tree (Erica arborea). See Erica. Tree Lupin (Lupinus arboreus). See Lupinus. Mallow Tree (Lavatera aborea). See Lavatera. See Reseda. Tree Mignonette." Tree-Of-Heaven (Ailanthus glandulosus). See Ailanthus. Onion Tree (Allium cepa proliferum). See Allium. Tree Paeony (Paeoniamoutan). See Paeonia. "
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
Tree
Tree Rhododendron. Tree
(Romneya Coulteri). See Romneya. Rhododendron (Rhododendron arboreum).
Poppy
"
Tremandra.
See Greenhouse
(Cyphomandra betacea).
Tomato
"
"
Ord.
Tremandrese.
See
"
Cyphomandra. evergreen
ing flower-
shrub. CULTURE:
Compost, two parts fibrous peat, one part turfy loam, tion, Posipots " silver sani one part equal proportionscharcoal, broken Feb. March. or well-drained pots in light airy greenhouse.Pot, water Shade ram Water only to be used. moderately at all seasons; from sun, June to Sept. Temp., Oct. to April 40" to 50"; April to Oct. 50" to 65".
bell-glassin SPECIES
side shoots inserted in sand 65" in summer. 3 ft., Australia. T. stelligera,purple, summer, See Pteris. (Ptcris tremula).
Propagate by cuttings of shade in temp, of 55" to
CULTIVATED:
Trembling-fern
"
435
under
TriChomanes Oreenhouse
GAIiDENINO.
OF
ENCYCLOPEDIA
Fronds
filmyferns.
less
or
more
Ord. Filices. Fern). divided, semi-transparent.
Bristle
(Killarney Fern;
"
Compost, equal parts peat, loam, leaf-mould, charcoal, of Position, moist, shady, in damp recesses sandstone, " silver sand. Water March. freely in cases. Plant, or rockeries, under bell-glasses CULTURE:
March
to
Damp atmosphere Sept.; 45" to 55" in
a
cool for
house
or
rhizomes
CuLTUKE
Oct. to March. Syringing unsuitable. to essential. " shade most Temp., 55" to 65" March best is Fern The grown Killarney Sept. to March. stone Provide in complete shade. frame plenty of sandessential. most moisture Constant to cling to.
moderately
Oct.,
IN
Cases
in
Rooms:
shady window, not exposed to sun. fresh compost annually in March. afterwards.
suitable,
peat time
T.
radicans.
in shallow pan of ; by division
above.
Compost,
as
Plant,
March.
Position,
Top-dress with
rately freelyApril to Sept., modeminutes few Ventilate daily. Species most case surface of sandy on Propagate by spores sown with bell-glassin temp. 65" to 75" at any covered Water
plant at pottin?
time.
Indies; T. CULTIVATED: alatum, W. Chili ; par?ulam. Zealand exseotum, Colensoi, New ; Regions; triclioideum, Temperate Ji'ern),Tropical and
auricnlatnm,
SPECIES
Tropics W.
;
radicans
Trop. Asia; (Killarney
Indies.
Greenhouse Orchidaceae. tal epiphyevergreen Trichopilia,.' 1821. orchids. First introduced CULTURE : Compost, equal parts fibrous peat, fresh sphagnum moss, well-drained crocks. " clean Position, charcoal, pots with base of from roof in basket above elevated or suspended rim, plant slightly "
of now
Ord.
lightgreenhouse close to glass. Pot, Feb. or March, or immediately to Sept., very little moderately March growth begins. Water
Shade from sun. atmosphere essential in summer. March. to March to Sept. ; resting period, Sept. Growing period, Temp., May to Sept. 55" to 65"; Sept. to Feb. 45" to 55"; Feb. to May 50" to 60". Propagate by division of pseudo-bulbsat potting time. and T. ooooinea, crimson CULTIVATED .Tune. 6 in.. white. May and SPECIES : and Central yellow, almond scented, summer, America; fragrans, grcenifih white Mexico; suavis, crimson, summer, Colombia; galeottiana, greenish yellow and and scented, May June, Central America; tortilis, white, red, and yellow, hawthorn Mexico. brown, yellow, white, and crimson, summer, Trichosanthes Tijjcr (Snake Gourd; Serpent Cucumber; troduced annual Cucurbitaceae. climbers. First inOrd. Greenhouse Gourd). 1735. Fruit, very long, cucumber-like, twisted. CULTURE: Compost, equal parts sandy loam, leaf-mould, i- fibrous peat. Position, well-drained pots with shoots trained up roof of sunny Sow seeds greenhouse. singly 1 in. deep in 2-in. pots filled with above in lings compost, placed Transplant seedtemp. 65" to 75" Feb. or March. when three into well rooted leaves form into 4i-in.pots, " when 8-in. size. Water freely; use tepid water only. Syringe daily.May to Shade trom twice a week Sept. mid-day sun. Apply weak stimulants to 60" 70". to May Sept. Temp., SPECIES CULTIVATED: T. Anguina, white, summer, 10 to l.^ ft., Trop. Asia. Trichosma. First Ord. Orchidaceae. Stove epiphytal orchid. 1840. introduced CULTURE " fibrypeat. : Compost, equal parts fresh sphagnum moss Position, pots or pans half filled with potsherds," placed close to glas.s. Pot, Feb. or March; keep base of plant well above rim of pot or pan. to Sept. 70" to 85"; Sept. to Nov. 65" to 75"; Nov. to Temp., March 60" to 70". March March Water to freely Aug., moderately Aug. to Nov., very little Nov. to March. Growing period,March to Aug. ; rest-
afterwards.
Moist
"
"
436
America; grandiflorum rgeeum, sessile, purple, March, C in., N.
fijay, N. America;
red, April,
ovatum,
rose;
6
in., N.W,
America.
(Brodiseauniflora). See
Lily
Triplet
dAIWKNINO.
OF
ENGYGLOPMDIA
"
Brodi3ea.
See Brodisea. Stove orn. Ord. Palmaceae. TrithrinaXi foliageplants. First oval ; green. 1875. introduced Leaves, roundish CULTURE: Compost, two parts loam, one part peat " little sand. Water copiously Position, well-drained pots in moist part of stove. Syringe daily,April to Sept. April to Oct., moderately afterwards. from Shade sun. Moist Temp., March atmosphere highly essential. 55" to 65". to Oct. 70" to 85" ; Oct. to March Propagate by seeds soaked " then sown in tepid water for a few hours J in. deep in sandy loam in
Triteieia.
"
"
CULTIVATED:
SPECIES 10
to
85", any
of 75" to
temp,
time. T. acanthoooma,
10
to
ft., Brazil;
15
brafiiliensis,
ft., Braiil.
15
Tritoma." See Kuiphofia. bulbous Tritoniai Ord. Iridacese. Hardy deciduous plants. 1758. First introduced OUTDOOE CULTURE leaf-mould, " : Soil, equal parts sandy loam, well-drained borders. Plant 3 in. manure. Position, decayed sunny, in " in. Oct. March. Nov. 2 to to Protect, March, deep apart masses, Mulch in March with by covering of dry litter. layer of decayed in first litter. Water occasionally very dry weather. manure, removing stimulants Apply occasionallyduring floweringperiod. Lift " replant "
bulbs
annually. CULTURE:
POT mould
cow
gradiiallycease,
fade, then March treated
to
as
40" to advised
cool
with cocoanutstage until flowers
"
cover
greenhouse dry till Jan. Temp., Sept. 60". Propagate by offsets
bulbs 50" to times,
for bulbs. T.
orocata
crocosmiieflora, orange-scarlet, summer, of S. Africa, and Aug., 3 ft. Natives
Trollius
pot in Nov.,
keeping
50"; other
CULTIVATED:
SPECIES
part leaf-
one
Pots, 4Jin. in diametei-, well-drained.
3 in. deep, in each in cold frame, or under
refuse
loam,
parts sandy
two
manure.
five bulbs
Place fibre
Compost,
decayed
or
(Globe Flower). "
(Syn. Ixia crooata), orange, summer, 2 to 3 ft., hybrid; Pottsii, orange
Montbretias. formerly known as Ord. Ranunculaceae. Hardy
2
ft.;
yellow,
herbaceous
perennials. CULTURE Oct.
:
Soil, deep, moist
partiallyshady to April. Water
every
three
or
four
borders
or
freely in dry weather. Lift, divide, " replant in moist, loamy Propagate by seeds sown
years.
shady positionoutdoors April.
soil in to
SPECIES CULTIVATED: flore pleno, double.
tion, Posiordinary or preferably loam. margins of ponds or streams. Plant,
T.
in
Sept. or April;
asiaticus, yellow. May,
division 18
of roots, Oct.
in., Siberia;
europwns
Tropseolum (Nasturtium; Indian Cress; Flame Flower; Canary Greenhouse Creeper). Ord. Geraniacese. or hardy annual or perennial dwarf or climbing herbs. OF CULTURE CANARY CREEPER : Soil, good ordinary mould or sandy loam. Position, against sunny or shady wall, fence, arbour, or north a trellis;does "yell on aspect. Sow seeds Jin. deep in light soil in temp. 55" in March, harden off seedlingsin cold frame in April " plant outdoors in May; or J in. deep outdoors in April where required Water to grow. freelyin dry weather. "
CULTURE
Position, sunny
OP
NASTURTIUM:
or
Climbing kinds: Soil, ordinary. shady walls, fences,arbourSjor window Ijoses, Sow 438
ENCYOlOP.F.ntA seed
1
seed
pods
in.
deep
ordinary, not Sow
seeds
in
they
as
April form
where to
rich.
over
OF
aARDENING.
plants
Eeniove required to grow. kinds ; Soil, flowering. Dwarf
are
free
ensure
Position, sunny
beds. April. Thin plants are desired. borders
shady
or
in. deep " 3 in. apart in lines or masses seedlingsto 6, 9, or 12 in. apart when 3 in high if fine 1
or
in
Remove seed pods unless seed is required. POT CULTURE: Sow seeds Jin. deep " 2 in. apart in 5-in. pots filled with a " one compost of two parts good mould part decayed in April. Place manure cold frame. Water rately modeor pots in window in full growth. first,freely when sionally occaApply stimulants when in flower. Double varieties propagated by cuttings in in May Juno. temp. 55" in spring. Plant outdoors or May be grown in pots in a compost of two one parts loam, part leaf-mould, " fittle sand. Pot in March or Water April. moderately freelyin summer, other times. Oct. March to 40" to 50"; March 55" to to June Temp., 65". CULTURE OF T. LOBBIANUM seeds in light soil in temp. 55" ; Sow at
in
March,
harden
in April, " plant out in seedlings off in cold frame in position against walls, fences, arbours, or borders, sunny to support the shoots; or outdoors placing tree branches ^iu. deep in in
June
April where Indooe mould or
pots
requiredto Culthee
decayed
"
manure
beds, training shoots
or
April, freely long,inserted March
to
grow.
Compost,
:
50"
CULTURE
afterwards. in to
two
half up
parts sandy loam, sand.
part
a
rafters.
Propagate
Water
part leaf-
one
Position,
well-drained
moderately Sept.
by cuttings
of
shoots,
2
to
3 in.
to
sandy soil in temp. 55" to 65" in spring. Temp., Sept. to Sept. 65" to 75". 60"; March
OF
GREENHOUSE
TUBEROUS-ROOTED
SPECIES:
tion, PosiCompost, equal parts turfy loam, leaf-mould, peat, " silver sand. well-drained pots iu light, airy greenhouse. Pot, Aug. to Nov. tuber Place one 1 in. Water only in =1 pot and bury this about very little till plantsgrow freely,then give an abundant supply. Withhold water entirelywhen foliage turns yellow " until growth recommences. Train shoots Apply stimulants occasionally when plants are in flower. to wire trellis fixed in pots or Temp., Nov. to Feb. 40" to up rafters. After 55" to 65". 50"; Feb. to June growth ceases, store pots in cool in light sandy soil place till potting time. Propagate by seeds sown in temp. 55" to 65" in spring; cuttings of shoots inserted in sandy soil in temp. 55" to 65" in spring or summer. HARDY for T. CULTURE SPECIES: OF Soil, light sandy loam for T. polyphyllum ; equal parts loam, pentaphyllum ; ordinary mould sum. for T. tuberopeat, leaf-mould, " sand for T. speciosura ; poorish mould for
T.
sum; or
Position, south
wall
polyphyllum;
shaded
sunny
border
for
T.
or
fence wall
or
tuberosum.
for
T.
pentaphyllum;
hedge facing north Plant
sunny
for
T. tuberosum
T.
bank
specio-
in March
April; T. polyphyllum, Aug. to Nov.; T. speciosum " T. pentaphyllum, in weather. Mulch with cayed deOct. or March. Water freely dry of T. tuberosum Lift tubers in Oct., store in pagate Proleave till others undisturbed. March; frost-proofplace " frame seeds in sand in cold in sown loam, leaf-mould, bj division of roots at planting time. SPECIES: T. adnncum (Syn. T. canariense) .Canary Creeper, yellow, 3 to 10 ft., Peru. Strictly a perennial, bxit best annual; as an grown
manure
sand
in
April; ANNUAL summer,
Majus
(Dwarf
in Oct.
(Tall Nasturtium),
orange
Nasturtium), yellow, red,
and summer,
brown, summer, 1 ft., Peru. 439
5
to
10
ft., Peru;
minus
ENOYOLOP^DIA
OARDDNING.
OF
and Oct., 3 ft., GREENHOUSE T. white, SPECIES: blue, green, azureum, tuberous-rooted, Chili; .Tarrattii, scarlet, and brown, June, 12 ft., tuberousorange, 10 ft., 6 to and winter, rooted, Santiago ; lobbianum, scarlet, summer orange vermilion 4 ft., tuberous-rooted, and Colombia; pentaphyllum, purple, summer, Buenos 5 to 10 ft.. Chili. Ayres ; tricolorum, orange scarlet, summer, HARDT PERENNIAL SPECIES Leichtlinii, orange, yellow and red, summer, : T. Indian Cress), yellow, June, trailing, trailing, hybrid ;' polyphyllum (Yellow Rock speeiosum Chili; tuberosum, yellow and red, Sept., trailing, tuberous-rooted, Peru; 10 ft.. Chili. (Fljxme Flower), crimson, summer, See Teeoma " Bignonia. Trumpet-flower. "
Trumpet
(Lonicera sempervirene).
Honeysuckle
See
"
Lonicera.
(Sarracenia purpurea). See Sarracenia. Lily (Lilium longiflorum " Ricliardia africana). Leaf
Trumpet
Trumpet Lilium
"
Hiehardia. Ord. Coniferae.
"
Tsusa. of
"
handsome
growth
CULTURE: sites in parks seeds in
"
in
sown
and
Hardy evergreen coniferous 1736. elegant. First introduced
Soil, deep, rich soil outdoors
sandy
in
Habit
trees.
Position, elevated, well-drained
loam.
Plant
pleasure grounds.
or
See
in
autumn.
in pans
April,
or
in
Propagate by gentle warmth
March. SPECIES
T. Abies Hemlock CULTIVATED: canadensis (Syn. cnnndensis). 80 ft., N.E. America; caroliniana, 50 to 60 ft., S. Alleghaniea; mer(Syn. Abies nlbertiana), 100 to 140 ft., N.W. America; (Calipattoniana
60
Spruce, tensiana fornian
Spruce),
to
Hemlock 80 to
Spruce), 100
Tuberose
150
ft., California;
sinuata). (Salpiglossis "
Pansy."
Tulip." Tulipa
Sieboldii
Hemlock
(Japanese
Polianthus.
"
Tufted
Salpigljssis.
See
Viola.
See
See
Tulipa. (Tulip). Ord. "
CLASSIFICATION" not
to
(Polianthes tuberosa). See
Tube-tong;ue
have
100
ft., Japan.
Liliaceae. FLORISTS' Selfs Breeders or
flowered.
bulbous-rooted
Hardy
OF
TULIPS
:
Seedlings:
plants. Bulbs
that
Seedlings or offsets from bulbs that have flowered " promise to develop into a good strain of one of the followingclasses. Broken Breeder : tulips developing stripes of another colour. Feathered : Having a light,heavy, or irregular darkcoloured like edge to the petals. Flamed: having a dark candle-flamespot in
with
the
another
centre
of each
:
petal.
Bizarres
Yellow
:
petalsmarked
colour.
marked with of shades Byblomens : White, black, violet, or purple. Roses : White, marked with red. CLASSIFICATION OF ORDINARY TULIPS : Early : Flowering in March. Van Thol. Late or Example, Uuc Cottage : Flowering in Same Mother May " June. Breeders, : as Example, T. vitellina. Darwin self-coloured. A strain of self-coloured ; tulips. superior Rembrandt coloured
Same
but as Darwins, striped. Parrot : Curiouslywith large, feathery-edged petals. CULTURE OP ORDINARY TULIPS: Soil, light,ordinary, previously enriched with liberally Position, sunny well-decayed manure. well-drained beds borders. bulbs Plant or 4 in. deep " 6 in. apart, Oct. to Dec. Mulch surface of bed with decayed manure cocoanutor fibre refuse. Lift bulbs after in " replant them directly flowering border finish to their leave until reserve growth; or July, sunny then lift, dry, " store away in cool place till planting time. Bulbs be left in ground altogether if desired, lifting, planting dividing," remay :
blooms
every
tulipsgrown POT
CULTURE
three
in the :
years. same
Mother,
Darwin,
Rembrandt,
"
Parrot
way.
Compost,
two 440
parts
loam,
one
part
decayed
ENGYGLOFJEDIA
GAIWENING.
OF
" little sand. Pot, Sept. to Nov., placing three bulbs in a 5-in. or four in a 6-in. pot, " burying bulbs just below the surface. Pot firmly. Cover with in cold refuse cinders cocoanut-fibre pots or frame. Kemove to window, frame, or greenhouse when growth begins manure,
"
water
freely. Temp,
CuLTUHS
part leaf-mould,
one
for
Exhibition
roR
one
forcing,55" to 65". : Compost, four parts good "turfy loam, "i one part manure, part decayed cow
in sand, mixed to remain together " allowed well-drained Position, bed, containing sunny
a
for
heap
year.
one
18 in.
about
of
above
bulbs 3 to 4 in. deep " 6 m. apart end of Oct. or Protect- blooms each Surround bulb w-th sand. beginning of Nov. in Store with canvas awning. Lift bulbs when leaves turn brown. in drawers which loose skins " place cool shed to dry, after remove Plant
compost.
till planting time. HAEDT CULTURE OF
case
3 in.
tion, Soil, light rich ordinary. Posilatter In naturalised, in grass. borders, rockeries, or sunny to Nov., Plant, Sept. no required. lifting plant permanently; four " divide, in. Lift, years. replant " 6 every apart. deep SPECIES
in Propagate by seeds sown transplanting following year
:
in
Feb.
lig:htsandy soil
in
a
cold
frame
;
rich soil outdoors; by offsets rich from removed parent bulb " planted 3 in. d"ep in a bed of light when Seedling bulbs flower soil in a sunny positionoutdoors in Nov. four three to when offsets years old. old; to six years four yellow and red, 17 m., Tulip), acuminata (Ti'l^ish T. CULTITATED: SPECIES 1 ft, S.W Europe; red and April, T. oeleiana), yellow australis (Syn. May: April, 6 to 8 in yel ow, ; Batalmii. biebersteiniana, yellow, April, 1 ft., Caucasus biblietiana, yellow May, and yellow, April, Caucasus; biflora, white Asia Minor; black, June, 8 in., S. Europe ; elegans, olusiana, white, red and Europe; 2 ft ind yellow, May, 1 ft.; elegans alba, white; fragrans, ye-Uow, April 8 in., red Asia and 2 ft., S. Kussia black, fragrant, May, Algiers; gesneriana. scarlet and and black, April b to yellow, scarlet, Greigi, florists' of tulips ; parent Minor, white, red, and yellow, C in., Turkestan;, kolpakaufmanniana, 9 in, Tirkestan; Leichtlini^ pmk yellow and rose, 8 in., April, 2 ft., Central Asia; kowskyana, i and black, fragrant, May, ty. macrospila, crimson 1 ft., Kashmir; white May white and blue, magenta, platystigma. 18 Greece; in., orphanidea, yellow, May, red, yellow, and oculis-sohs, Parrot of the Tulips, S. Europe; 1 ft., parent May primnlina, 2 ft., S. Europe; and April, black, red April;18 in.; praecox, black 1 ft.; spathulata, red spring. 6 in. Algiers; retroflexa, yellow, May, and yeUow redTndblack May, 2 ft., Italy; suayolens, scarlet and yellow fragrant,May, of
bed
in
a^d ,
6
in.! Crimea
yellow
and
yiridiflora, yellow
Tulip
in.. Asia
and
green.
(Liriodendron
Tree
Hymenophyllum.
Turban Turban
.
^
(Nyssa aquatica).
Tupelo-tree
"
Bel
crimson
N.
Persia,
(Hymenophyllum Tunbndgense)."
Fern
Filmy
Tunbridge See
undulatifoUa 18 in., Europe; 6 m.. mauve, spring, vio Minor; acea, June. 1 ft.; Titelllna, yellow. May, 18 m. tulipifera)."See Liriodendron.
'yellow. syW^tris, May,.
blick.9
"
See
-kt
Nyssa.
(Campanula turbinata)." See Campanula.
Iflower
Lilium.
Turkey
Lily (Lilium pomponium)."See Daisy (Pyrethrum Tchihatchewi) See Pyrethrum. (TuUpa- Greigi)."See Tulipa. Tulip Oak (Quercus Cerris)."See Quercus.
Turkey
Rhubarb
Turfing Turkestan
."
palmatum)." See Rheum (Xerophyllum asphodeloides). (Rheum
Turkey's-beard
"
^
Turk'S-cap Turk'S-cap
Turk's-head See Turnip."
(Melocactuscommunis)."
Cactus
Lily Grass
See
bee
Melocactiis.
(Lilium Martagon)." See Lilium. (Lagurus ovatus)."See Lagurus.
Brassica,
^^
Aero-
BKCYCLOPMDIA
Turnip
Fern
OF
(Angiopteris erecta). Sec Angiopteris. See Celery." Apium. "
Turnip-rooted Turnsole
Sec
(Heliotropium peruvianum). "
Turquoise-berried "See
(JARDEXING.
Vine
Heliotropium.
(Vitis Jieterophyllahumulifolia).
Vitia.
Turtle-head."
Chelone.
See
Tussilag-O (Variegated Coltsfoot)."Ord. Compositae. Hardy herbaceous perennial. Urn. foliage. Leaves, roundish heart-shapea, white. margined or spotted with creamy CULTURE: " sand. Compost, two parts loam, one part leaf-mould Water Position, cold Pot, March. greenhouse, frame, or window. freely, April to Oct. ; keep nearly dry afterwards. May be grown in damp outdoors and shady borders ordinary soil. Plant, March. Propagate by division, March. T. CULTIVATED: Farfara varieg-ata, 6 in., Britain. Tutsan (Hypericum Androsaeura)." See Hypericum. See Oxypetalum. Tweed ia. Twin-flower (Linnasa borealis). See Linnsea. Twin-leaf (Jeffersoniabinnata). See Jeffersonia. Twin-leaved the Lily of Valley (Maianthemum
SPECIES
"
"
"
See
laria). Tyerman's "
Typha
conval-
Maianthemum.
Groundsel
(Senecio pulcher). See Senecio. Typhaceaj. Hardy aquatic perennials. "
Ord.
(Eeed Mace). 'brown; July. Soil, ordinary. : "
Inflorescence, CULTURE
Oct.
Plant,
ponds. SPECIES
or
CULTIVATED:
botli natives
Ulex
of
T.
of shallow
Position, margins
March,
rivers
or
division.
by
angustjfolia, 4
to
ft., and
5
T.
latifolia, 4 to 6 ft.,
Britain.
Gorse;
(Furze;
Whin).
Ord.
"
Leguminoseae. Hardy
green ever-
shrubs.
Soil, ordinary.
CULTURE:
woodlands.
Plant,
Sept.
to
Position, sunny
banks,
rockeries, or
April.
18 in. apart in singlerow. CULTURE sides Trim : Plant moderately close in April. Propagate by seeds sown \ in. deep in in April; cuttings inserted in ordinary soil in light soil outdoors shady positionoutdoors, spring or autumn.
HEDGE
in
CULTIVATED:
SPECIES
U.
europasus
flore
pleno, yollow, donble,
G
ft., spring,
(Britain).
Europe
Hardy deciduous variegated. CULTURE: Soil,ordinary for common species(U. campestris); deep moist rich loamy with gravelly subsoil for Wych Elm (U, montana); Elm loamy for American (U. americaua). Position, open " sunny for all species" varieties. Plant, woodlands, parks, or shrubberies (Elm; Wych Elm). Ord. insignificant.Leaves,
Ulmus
trees.
"
Flowers,
Oct. to Feb. CULTURE or
FOR
TIMBER
gravel. Position, hedge
25 ft.
apart.
Timber
Urticaceae.
PURPOSES: rows
fine, hard
or
or
green
Soil,
avenues.
grain, "
brown
clay, loam,
chalk,
20 to Plant autumn, for in colour. Used
coffin making, cart " wagon Average price making, furniture, etc. timber 6d. of tx) Is. 7d. cubic ft., weight Average per cubic ft., per ft. per ton, 52. of cubic 43 lb. ; number Average life of tree, 400 to of Number Elm will thrive, 1,500 ft. to which Altitude 500 years. seeds'
to
Average
a
pound,
price of trees 20s.
to
70,000. per 1,000 :
Average 2 years
25s. 442
height old,
of
5s. ; 2 to
trees, 3 years,
150
ft.
planted, trans-
ENOYCLOPJiDIA
OF
GARDENING.
Propagation
: removed " Propagate by suckers planted Oct. layering shoots in Sept. or Oct.; budding choice kinds on common in July, species," choice variegated kinds on U. montana or by grafting similarlyin March; seeds gathered as soon as ripe " in lightsoil in shady position outdoors. sown
to
Nov.;
CULTIVATED: U. alata States; (Winged Elm), 30 to 40 ft., S.U. (American Elm), 50 to 100 ft., H. America; Elm", camiiestris (Common 70 to 120 ft., Euroiie, N. Africa, Siberia, etc.; canipcstris euberosa (Cork-barked campe"tris Elm); pendula, weeping- variety; campestris variegata, variegated; glabra (Wych Elm), 50 to 70 ft.,Europe ; glabra cornubiensis (Cornish Elm) ; glabra peudula, weeping form; montana (Scotch Elm), 60 to 100 ft., Europe, N. Asia, etc.; montana vegeta (Huntingdon Elm). Umbilicus." See Cotyledon.
SPECIES ameriooniv
Umbrella
Fern."
Umbrella,
Fir
Umbrella
Leaf
Umbrella
Palm
Umbrella
Pine
See
Gleichenia.
(Sciadopitysverticillata).See Sciadopitys. (Diphylleia Cymosa)." See Diphylleia. (Hedyscepe canterburyana). See Hedyscepc. (Pinus pinea). See Pinus.
Umbrella
Plant.
Umbrella
Tree
"
"
"
See
"
Saxifraga
"
Cyperus.
(Magnolia tripetala).See Magnolia. bulbous-rooted Ord. plant. Ung-ernia. Amaryllideae.Greenhouse two CULTURE : Compost, part equal proportions parts sandy loam, one Pot of leaf-mould " cow manure. dry bulbs, Sept. to Dec. ; afterwards repotting annually immediately after flowering. Bury "
"
time moderately from depth. Water leaves after freely; keep quite dry appear, fade. April to pots from Temp., Sept. to April 55" to 65". Place oifsets treated bulbs, as Sept. in light sunny position. Propagate by Sept. to Dec. two-thirds till leaves
bulbs about flowers show
SPECIES 8
in., N.
of their
then
TJ.
CULTIVATED: India.
Unicorn-plant.
"
trispha"ra (Syn. Lycoris Semerzowii), red,
See
summer,
Martynia.
See Veltheimia. (Veltheimia viridifolia). Graminaceae. Ord. perennial grasses. Uniola Hardy (Sea Oat). loose in borne Inflorescence Orn. panicles,July " large flowering. Unicorn-root
"
"
Aug. or April. Position, open COLTURE: Soil, ordinary. Plant, March in Aug. for winter " use inflorescence Gather borders. dry sunny sion in outdoors rich soil in; by diviApril seeds sown light Propagate by March. in of roots latifolia, 4 ft. ; paniculata, 6 to 8 ft.,N. America. CULTIVATED : U. SPECIES Drooping Urn-flower)." Ord. Urceolina (Golden Urn-flower; duced bulbous deciduous plants. First introAmaryllidacese. Greenhouse
1836. .
a
Compost,
CULTURE: crushed few
house.
Pot,
freely from
bones.
two
parts turfy loam,
Position, well-drained
Feb., burying bulb
quite dry.
of its depth. two-thirds until Sept., when Feb.) (about
about
growth begins Apply liquid manure
time
when
,
sand, part river pots in light part
one
flower
spike
shows.
"
"
of
Water
keep
Top-
Temp., Feb. dress annually repot every 40" to Propagate by seeds to Sept. 55" to 65"; Sept. to Feb. in temp. Go in. deep in well-drained pots of sandy loam 1-16 sown to 70" in March, placing seedlings singly in 2-in. pots " keeping for three years ; by offsets moist all the year round them moderately "
treated
as
old
three
bulbs. 443
or
four
years 50".
only.
TSNOYOLOPMniA
1
SPECIES ft,, Peru.
CULTIVATED:
Ursinia.
TJ.
Ord.
"
OF pendula
(Syn.
OAItDENING. U.
aurea), yellow and
Compositae. Half-hardy
green,
summer,
duced intro-
First
annual.
1836. CULTURE
Soil, ordinary.
:
seeds, Feb.
March
Position,
sunny
beds
or
borders.
Sow
in pots, pans, or boxes ordinary light mould in temp. 55" to 65", " inch an transplant seedlings when high to .3 in. apart in shallow off boxes; place in cold frame in April; harden " Also seeds in open ground in plant outdoors. May or June. sow April where required to grow, " thin seedlingsto 4 or 6 in. apart when 1 to 6 in. high. or
SI'ECIES
brown,
in
CULTIVATED: 1
summer,
U.
Utricularia,
March Admit
introduced
Compost, equal parts pots or
fibrous
Position, well-drained
in
of
saucer
speciosa), yellow
Lentibulariacese.
Ord. 1871. "
First
CULTURE;
pots
(Syn. Sphcnogyne
(Bladder wort).
aquatic herbs. crocks.
pulohra
and
ft., S. Africa.
under
water
shallow
peat, sphagnum pans placed on
or hand-light in bell-glass
Stove moss,
"
inverted
shade.
Pot,
Water freely,April to Sept.; moderately afterwards. air for a few minutes daily every morning by tiltingbell-glass 55" to 65"; March or to Oct. 70" hand-light. Temp. Oct. to March filled 85". to surface of shallow on Propagate by seeds sown pans with of under bellequal parts sphagnum moss, peat, " sand, placed in temp, of 55" to 65", Feb., March, or glass " kept moist April ; division of plants at potting or planting time. SPECIES CULTIVATED: V. lilac and Endriesii, green, yellow, spring, 4 in., Costa white and 6 in., Trop. America. llicft; montana, yellow, summer, bulbous Uvularia plants. (Bell-wort).Ord. Liliaceae. Hardy 1710. First introduced border. CULTURE; Soil, moist peat. Position, partially shaded
April.
or
"
Oct,
Plant, SPECIES
"
Nov.
foliftta,yellow, May,
in Oct. division of roots grandiflora, yellow. May, 1 ft., N. America;
Propagate by
CULTIVATED:
TJ. 1
ft., N.
per-
America.
Ord. (Whortleberry; Bilberry; Huckleberry). " deciduous or flowering ing berry-bearHardy evergreen
VaCCinium Vacciniaceae.
"
Berries, red, bluish
.shrubs.
black;
edible; Aug.
to Oct. rockeries
V. for peat. or April. No myrtillua. Plant, Sept., Oct., March, boxes in shallow or pruning required. Propagate by seeds sown in "5" 65" in of filled with to moist spring, temp, sandy peat pans serted in summer; cuttings of shoots intransplanting seedlings outdoors in summer; in sandy moist hand-light in shade peat under March. of plants, Sept. or layering shoots in autumn ; division CULTURE
Soil, boggy
:
vitus-ideae
Position,
moist
V.
"
and (Bilberry or Whortleberry), rose berry (Cow(Britain): Titus-idwa Hemisphere N. Hemisphere (Britain). Flowering Box), pink, spring, trailing, evergreen, or Ceutranthus. See Valerian ruber). (Centranthus CULTIVATED:
.SPECIES STPcn,
T.
spring, berries
dark
myrtillus
blue, 18 in., N. "
Valerianacese. Hardy (Cretan Spikenard). Ord. " Leaves, yellow. orn. golden foliage. Flowering Plant, Sept. borders. CULTURE : Soil, ordinary. Position, sunny four three Topor to April. Lift, divide, " replant every years. down Cut flowering in with dress manure April. decayed annually Valeriana
"
perennial herbs.
stems
in
Oct.
by outdoors SPECIES
in
pagate Probe picked off as they form. should position in. deep in light soil in sunny or division of roots in March April. V. plin aurea, white, Ang., 3 ft., Cauca.sus.
Flower
seeds
sown
April;
OULTIVATED:
buds 1-16
444
OF
ENUYVLOL'MDIA
by removing
or
in Feb.
growths with roots potting or placing
young "
March,
or
GARDENING. attached in
of
from
base
as
advised
baskets
plants for
old
plants. CULTIVATED
: V. amesiana, -white, rose, and magenta, various seasons, Bensoni, white, violet, and pinl^, various Burma; seasons, caerulea, lavender N. blue, autumn, cairulesoens, purplish blue, summer, India; Burma; denisoniana, white, summer, hookeriana, white, rose, and magenta-purple, Burma; Malaya; autumn, chocolate, yellow, white, and insignis, brown, winter, rose, Timor kimballiana, Burma white, rosy brown, ; autumn, purple, yellow, and ; and l^arishii,yellow, brown, magenta, violet, fragrant, summer, Burma; Roxburghii, brown, white, summer, sanderiana, India; pink, yellow, and purple, and green, crimson, Philippines; suavis, white, purple, and rose, summer, fragrant, Java; and teres, white, rose, orange, magenta, spring, India; tricolor, yellow, white, and Java. magenta purple, various seasons,
SPECIES
fragrant, India;
Vanilla,
"
1800.
Ord. Seed
Stove
Orchidaceae.
pods
form
First
climbing orchid.
vanilla
the
of
duced intro-
commerce.
" clean moss, Compost, equal parts peat, sphagnum bed with well-drained or narrow Position, potsherds. pots, pans, Feb. wall of Pot shoots trained wood. or rafter, or or plant, logs up wards. afterWater March to March. or October; moderately copiously, Shade from sun. Temp., Syringe foliage daily in summer. 55" to 65". March to Sept. 70" to 85" ; Sept. to March Propagate by in cuttings of climbing stems out into 2 or 3 in. lengths " imbedded in 85" " of 75" in to moss temp, spring. peat sphagnum
CULTUEE
20
:
CULTIVATED: SPECIES America. ft., Central
Vanilla
Vegetable
Marrows.
Vegetable
Oyster
CULTURE cow
to
V.
commences
Liliaceae.
See
bulbous
Greenhouse
parts sandy loam,
two
sunny to
viridifolia,Aug.
bulbs
Place
compost firmly ; freely when
Apply
die off.
Vanilla.
"
Position, light
little sand.
June;
to
to
Cucurbita.
(Tragopogon porrifolius).
Ord.
Compost,
"
March.
Press
"
See
"
10
summer,
Tragoplants.
1768.
;
manure,
Sept. of
See (Vanillaplanifolia)."
Orchid
pogou. Veltheimia. First introduced
planitolia (Vanilla Plant), white,
V.
in
cold
frame
Nov.;
those
part well-decayed dow, greenhouse or win-
one
sunny
remainder of V.
of
glauca
"
Pot
year.
intermedia,
bulbs Oct.
surface of compost. below new growth moderately when leaves full growth; keep nearly dry when the plants are growing occasionally when
with
point just
pots. in
stimulants
Water
55" to 6J" 40" to 50"; March to June freely. Temp., Sept. to March in small pots from removed offsets bulbs, placed parent Propagate by close removed bulbs to bulbs leaves for advised treated as " ; by large in soil in of summer. or inserted sandy spring " pots singly 18 in. to 2 ft.; intermedia, V. CULTIVATED: glauca, flesh, March, SPECIES of S. Africa. flesh, April, 13 to 18 in.; viridifolia, flesh, Aug., 2 ft. All natives See Rhus. Sumach Venetian (Rhus Cotinus). "
Venidium. CULTURE by seeds
Compositse. Half-hardy Soil, ordinary. Position, sunny Ord.
"
:
sown
in
lightsoil
in
seedlings outdoors. SPECIES summer,
18
Venus's Venus's
CULTIVATED: in., S. Africa.
V.
temp. 55"
May
fugax
to
65",
annuals. borders.
March
June. or (Sj-n.V. calendulaocum),
or
Propagate
April;
orange
and
planting trans-
black,
Trap (Dionseaniuscipula).See Dionaea. speculum). See SpecuLookingT'Srlass (Specularia
Fly
"
"
laria. 446
BNOYCLOPJEDIA Venus'S
OF
Navel-wort
GABDENING.
(Omphalodes
lodes.
See linifolia)."
Ompha-
/
r
Veratrum (False Hellebore). ^Ord. Liliaoeae. Hardy herbaceous perennials. First introduced 1548. Leaves, large, much ribbed, Roots, creeping ; highly poisonous. green. "
CULTURE moist
:
Soil,
light ordinary or peaty. Position, partiallyshady Plant, Oct. to April. Propagate by seeds sown in outdoors, March or April; division of roots, Oct. or
borders.
moist
soil
peaty April. SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
Europe;
V.
album
(White
Hellebore), white, ,Tuly, 3 to 4 ft., viride ft., Europe; (Green
(Black Hellebore), purple, summer, nigrum 3 Indian or Poke), green, July, 3 ft., N. America.
Hellebore
Verbascuin
(Mullein; Aaron's Rod)." Ord. Scrophulariacoa;. biennial " perennial herbs. CULTURE OP BIENNIAL SPECIES: Soil, ordinary. Position, in borders. Sow seeds soil in sunny rich doors sunny ligEt position outin April, transplantingseedlingswhen three four leaves or form,
Hardy
6 in.
in
apart
required
to
positionuntil
sunny OF
CULTURE
seeds
by March
then
plant
where
PERENNIAL
Position, sunny in
toUowing April;
flower.
April.
or
BIENNIAL
as
SPECIES nary. : Soil, deep light rich ordiborders. pagate March, or Plant, Oct., Nov., April. Proadvised for biennial of division roots species; by
SPECIES."
V.
olympicum
(Olympian
Mullein), yellow,
6
summer,
ft.,
Bithynia. PEli.llBNIAL S.W. Europe;
SPECIES Chaixii 3 ft., : T. (Nettle-leaved Mullein), yellow, summer, 3 ft., Europe; nigrum (Dark Mullein), yellow, summer, phcenieeum 3 ft., Europe. (Purple Mullein), violet and red, summer, ^Ord. Verbena Verbenaceae. biennials " (Vervain). Hardy " Present of race greenhouse shrubby hardy herbaceous perennials. from and other V. teucrioides bedding verbenas originallyderived First introduced cultivated. 1774. species not now CULTURE OF BEDDING VERBENAS two : Compost, parts good leafturfy loam, " one part of equal proportions of decayed manure, mould, " sharp silver sand. Position, pots in light greenhouse; or cold in summer. Water frames to May. Pot, Feb. freely,April to Oct. ; moderately afterwards. two three times or Apply stimulants "
to plants in flower. Nip off points of shoots during spring to bushy growth. Discontinue nipping off points of shoots six weeks before Young plants struck plants are required to flower. best seed from cuttings or raised from adapted for pot culture. 55" Shade 40" to 50"; March to June to 65". Temp., Oct. to March
weekly induce
from
sun.
with : Soil, good 9rdinaryliberallyenriched beds Plant 12 in. apart borders. or Position, sunny
CULTURE
OUTDOOR
decayed each
manure.
in way of bed
Water
June. as
they
grow,
freely in dry weather. when they meet each
"
Peg
shoots
other
nip
to
face sur-
off their
points. SPECIES; Position, Soil, ordinary. soil in temp. 55" in Feb., harden sunny in April," plant out 12 in. apart in May; off seedlings in cold frame in to where April; or required grow Position, sunny V. VENOSA: Soil, ordinary rich. OP CULTURE in Oct., store in ordinary Lift roots borders. beds or Plant, May. CULTURE
OP
soil in
boxes
BIENNIAL
Sow
borders.
in
seeds
in
light
frost-proofplace
until
447
March,
then
place
in
temp.
55", k
place plant old Peg shoots
shoots
new
small
down
as
well-drained
in
soils
PROPAGATION seeds
third in
May
in
districts.
grow. sheltered YERBENAS
in
leaf
Jan.,
forms
in
deep
equal parts loam 75"
to
"
boxes
:
Propagate
pots,
or
altogether
garden
verbenas
filled with
boxes
sand, placed
by
a
in
a
post com-
temp.
transplanting seedlings when glass placing these on shelf near
March,
or or
pans,
temp. 55", transferring when size
outdoors
grown
pans, " little leaf-mould
Feb.,
in
be
they OF
in.
1-16
sown
of
65"
^
form these with portion of old roots, remove off " harden plant out 12 in. apart in May ; or pots, if necessary, direct into beds in April. roots, dividing them,
when in
OAUBENING.
OF
ENCYCLOPEDIA
fairly strong singly in
cuttingsinserted
2J-in.pots,
to
bed
"
of
sandy soil planting 2 in.
; by larger in Aug., lifting rooted " cuttings when in boxes " shelf in or on greenhouse until March, apart storing pans off in shoots taken off in small tlien or singly potting pots; young inserted sand in under Feb. " in March, or damp bell-glass temp. 65" ; of the division in V. roots venosa, by spring, or cuttings of shoots in cold frame in Aug. inserted
later in
to
on
cold
a
frame
BIENNIAL N.
a
SPECIES:
(Rose Vervain), purple
Aubletia
Y.
or
lilac,
1
summer,
ft.,
.\inerica, hardy. SPECIES
HALF-HAUDT
Vernonia
V.
:
Ord.
"
flowering plants. CULTURE:
First
lilac,summer,
tenosa,
(Irouweed).
2
ft., Argentine.
Compositae. Hardy
introduced
herbaceous
1710.
loam. borders. rich, sandy Position, sunny in spring. April. Top-dress with decayed manure in sandy soil in a cold frame in March or Propagate by seeds sown in a sunny in April; also by division border of the April, or outdoors in March roots or April.
Plant,
Soil,
March
SPECIES
or
CULTIVATED;
arkansana,
States;
purple, summer, Veronica.
to
4
in
Scrophulariaceae.Half-hardy hardy herbaceous perennials.
SHRUBBY
"
SPECIES
rockeries, borders,
sunny
districts south weather. severe
very
4 ft., T. liolet, autumn, America; noveboracensis,
States. "
sheltered
Protect
ft., U.
flowering shrubs
evergreen OP CULTURE
inland
5
altissima, purple and 3 to 4 ft., N. autumn,
(Speedwell). Ord.
hardy
Position,
T.
purple,
of
: or
the
Prune
Soil, ordinary
the beds near Trent. Plant,
or sea
loam
"
coast,
"
peat. or
in
Sept. or April. into shape in plants straggly
April. POT
CULTURE
Compost, two parts loam, one part peat, i- little corridors, porches, or greenhouse, windows, March. Water rately or freely,April to Oct.; modeother times. to Apply stimulants occasionally healthy plants Plants during summer. put out in rich soil in sunny position in May, kept well watered, lifted, " placed in pots in Sept., will usually flower freely in the greenhouse during autumn. :
sand.
Position, sunny balconies. Pot, Sept.
CULTURE rich.
Feb.
OP
Position, to
May.
HARDY sunny
PERENNIAL SPECIES: borders rockeries. or Plant,
Lift, divide,
"
replant triennially.
Soil, ordinary
Sept. Water
to
Nov.,
in with pagate Prodry annually decayed manure. April shrubby speciesby cuttings inserted in sandy soil under bellin summer glass in spring; under hand-lightor in cold frame ; perennials in light or by division of roots in autumn spring; seeds sown outdoors in April. soil in shade V. Andeisoni, blue, summer, SHnUBBT SPECIES: 2 to 3 ft.; Andersoni Tnrieand 6 to 12 in., New gata, variegated; Bidwcllii, white violet, summer, Zealand; weather.
Mulch
in
448
freely
enoyolopjEdia
of
oabdening.
ouprcssoides 1
tt
JNew
/iealand
;
violet,summer, 2 to 3 ft.,New Zealand; chathamioa, purple, summer, Zealand; elliptica (Syn. V. deoussata)), white, summer, 3 to 8 ft., New Lowisu, white and blue, summer, 4 to 6 ft.. New Zealand ; Lyallii,white, 1 ft., New Zealand; salioifolia,white, summer, 3 to 8 ft., New Zealand; blue, May, 2 to 3 ft.. New Zealand; 4 to 6 ft., Traversii, white, summer,
summer, speoiosa, New /calaud.
FRUBNNIAL tiauoides, gentianoides tolm, lilao
SPUCIES T. : corymbosa, blue, Sept. and Oct., 8 in., Alps; genblue, .7une, 8 to 12 in., S.E. Europe; gentianoides alba, white; variegata, variegated; 18 in., S. Europe; incana, blue, summer, longiblue, Aug., IS in. to 2 ft., Europe; longifoliasubsessilis,blue, 3' to 4 ft.; orientalis, fleshy pink, summer, ] ft., Asia Minor; 2 to 3 in., white, summer, repens, Corsica; saxatihs, blue, July, 8 in., Europe; spioata, blue, July, 12 to 18 in., liurope; spioata alba, white; spioata corymbiflora, blue; Teucrium dubia (Syn. V. rupestris), blue, summer, 3 to 6 in., Europe; virginica, white, July, 4 to 6 ft., N.
America.
Verschaffertia." First introduced CULTUEE : stove.
Old.
Palmaceae.
Stove
palm.
Orn.
foliage.
Leaves, roundish, divided at tips; bright green. Compost, two parts fibrous peat, one pari: equal proportions charcoal, turfy loam, " sand. Position, moist shady part of Pot, Feb. or March. Syringe freelytwice daily, Feb. to Oct. ; 1864.
Water daily afterwards. Shade " moist freelyat all times. essential. March to Oct. 70" to 85"; Oct. atmosphere to Temp., March 65" to 75". 1 in. deep in peat " loam Propagate by seeds sown in small pots in temp. 75" to 85", spring.
once
SPECIES
CULTIVATED
V. splendida ; 13 to : Verbena. See Anthyllis. Kidney."
Vervain.
Vetch, Vetch,
ft., Seychelles.
Spring:
See Vieia. (Vicia lathyroides)." Eose; Laurustinus; (Guelder Wayfaring
Viburnum Snowball
80
See
"
Tree). "
Ord.
Caprifoliacese. Hardy
deciduous
and
Tree;
evergreen
iloweriug shrubs. CULTlTEE:
Plant,
Oct.
Soil, good ordinary. to
prune. CDl^TDEE warm
sheltered
March.
OF
Thin
LAUEUSTINUS
shrubberies,
Position, open
weak
out
growths
shrubberies. sunny in winter, but otherwise
Position, Soil, deep sandy loam. Plant, Sept.,Oct., or April. Prune, :
etc.
suitable for pot culture for flowering in cold winter. in semi-shady in outdoors Pot, spring. Position, greenhouses in cold Water to till Oct. Oct. greenhouse, May. position.May ; in winter. Propagate by cuttings freely while outdoors; moderately in sandy loam under shoots inserted of half-ripened bell-glassin cold in or shady frame hand-light outdoors Sept. or Oct. ; or by layering in Sept. or Oct. shoots SPECIES: T. DEOIDaOUs maorooephalum, white, June, 15 to 20 ft., China; Hose), white, June, 8 ft., Europe (Britain); opulus sterile, opulus (Wild Guelder Rose Guelder Snowball sterile-flowered plicatum or Tree) ; tomentosum (the Garden (Syn. V. plicatum), white, May, sterile-flowered, 6 ft., Japan. V. Tinas EVERGREEN SPECIES : (Laurustinus), white and pink, winter, 8 to 10 ft., Mediterranean Region. Vicia Bean). Ord. Leguminosae. Hardy annual (Vetch; Broad well-known " perennial herbs, including the vegetable called the
April.
This
speciesalso
"
Bean. Broad CULTUEE borders, with
SPECIES Position, sunny OP ANNUAL : Soil,ordinary. trellises. Sow tree branches, walls, or shoots trained up in Water in 8 12 of or seeds in. freely in dry April. deep \ groups weather. PEEENNIAL SPECIES: OP Soil, ordinary. Position. CULTUEE Mulch to March. Oct. borders. annually with decayed Plant, sunny 449
Q
enoyolopjEdia
of
oardening.
Cut Lift, divide, and replant every four or five years. deep iin. down flower stems, Oct. or Nov. Propagate by seeds sown in ordinary soil in sunny or April; division positionoutdoors, March of roots, Oct. March. or moiat BEANS: CULTURE OF BROAD Soil, rich, well-manured, south Position, rich soil for earlyones. loam, for main crops ; lighter, manure.
Sow late ones. or garden for main early crops; open " March in sorts main crop early longpod varieties in Jan. "fe Feb., in. 3 for early; Drills 3 in. deep " 2^it. apart April. Distances: Seeds to be 4 to 6 in. apart in drills. deep " 3 ft. for main crops. before hours in water for a. few Soak seeds sowing. Nip off pointsof Mulch late crops with decayed manure, plants when first flowers open. Manures soils. Kainit, 2 lb. ; superphosphate, ; especiallyon light these 1 lb. quantities per square rod 5 lb. ;" sulphate of iron, Apply Seeds after sowing. weeks for 18 use before sowing. Crop ready their retain Seeds germinating to take 12 to 14 days germinate. 50 ft. long, 1 pint. row a Quantity of seeds to sow one year. powers borders
for
Soil,
Cultueb:
Market
rich,
strong,
Manures,
loam.
moist
to poor of farmyard appliedper In latter phate superphossoils. case rich soils ; none apply on before kainit per acre " 3 cwt. sowing, and 1 cwt. nitrate of 3 in. high. On when heavy soils 6 cwt. basic slag soda plants are of in in autumn superphosphate. Sow early Long-pod place per acre 2 ft. apart in Feb. ; drills 2 in. deep and in in. 10 6 to varieties apart and 3 ft. apart in drills in. in. 2 8 to kinds 10 deep, main apart 15
20
to
acre
manure
tons
in
autumn of 3 cwt.
crop
2
acre,
an
or
bushel.
the
afterwards. land Quantity of seed required to sow between Hoe bushels. by occasionally. Market crops returns bushels. 150 Average Average yield per acre,
Roll
March.
in
(gross) per
3
dE18 to acre, T. 8PE0IES:
X23.
laba purple, Juno, 3 ft., S. Europe; lilac. and 3 Tetoh), June East; lathyroides (Spring July, ft., white, (Broad Bean), onobrychioides, narbonenais, purple, June, 3 ft., S. Europe; May, 6 to 8 in., Europe; purple, June, 2 ft. orobioidea lathyroides), blue, June, 2 ft., SPECIES (Syn. Orobus : V. PERENNIAL (Britain). Europe Victoria Lily; Queen Victoria's Water Lily). (Royal Water ANNUAL
atropurpurea,
"
Ord.
Nymphaoeae.
Stove
Orn.
aquatic plant.
Leaves, roundish, flat, with 4 to 6ft. diameter; floating.
1838.
green; CULTURE:
March
two
turned-up edges; bronzy
parts good rich
Position,
large
tank
duced intro-
turfy loam,
one
part
6 ft.
deep " 20 to 25 ft. filled with running water. Plant, May. Temp, of water, 80" to 75" March of to to Sept.; Sept. to 85", atmosphere, Temp, No iu shade 65" to 70". required. Propagate by seeds sown
decayed wide 85".
Compost,
foliage.
First
manure.
cow
in
water heated to temp, of 85", " Jan. When lightposition, seedlingsappear above placed near small " in place in water surface, transplantsingly pots again until out above advised. The Victoria then as Regia is strictly plant May, treated best annual in thrives but this country. as an a perennial, V. and CULTIVATED regia, white, rose : SPECIES Trop. purple, summer,
pot
of
sandy
loam
submerged
glassin
America.
Victoria
Water
Victor's
Laurel
Vieussexia.^See See Villarsiai "
(Victoriaregia). See Victoria. (Laurus nobilis).See Laurus.
Lily
"
"
Mortea. Limnanthemum. 450
ENCYCLOPEDIA
OF
^^^^ Plant; ^^'ir^^rS^/"^"^^^^' Ord.
GARDENING. Cut Finger; Madagascar herbaceous perennials "
Apocynaceae. Hardy
winkle)." Peristove
shrubs.
evergreen
CULTURE OF STOVE SPECIES : Compost, two parts fibrous loam, part decayed manure, " little silver sand. Position, well-drained pots in stove, Sept. to June; sunny cold frame mainder or greenhouse reof year. Pot, Feb. or March. Prune shoots of old plants to
one
to
within 1 Oct. ;
moderately
in
baskets
or
2 in. of
their base afterwards.
in
Jan.
Feb.
or
Water
freely,April
Apply weak stimulants occasionally " autumn. during summer old Nip off points of shoots in young or twice plants once or during July " Aug. to insure bushy habit. to June 65" to 76"; Sept. to March Temp., March 55" to 65". CULTURE OF HARDY SPECIES : Soil, ordinary. Position, shady borders, rockeries, or shrubberies under trees. Plant, Oct. to April. Lift, divide, " replant only when absolutelynecessary. POT CULTURE: Compost, two parts sandy loam, one part leaf" little sand. mould, Pot, Oct. to March. Position, pots suspended wire Water
in
cold
cool
or
greenhouses, balconies,
windows.
or
freely,April to Sept.; moderately afterwards. nually. Repot anremoved shoots Propagate V. rosea by cuttings of young when 2 or 3 in. long in spring," inserted in sandy soil under bellglass in temp. 65" to 75". Hardy species by division in March or April. SPECIES:
STOVE rosea
T.
rosea
(Madagascar
Periwinkle),
rose,
1
May,
ft.,Tropics;
alba, white.
SPECIES HAEDT difformis 1 ft., S.W. : T. (Syn. Media), blue, snmmer, Europe ; 2 ft., Europe (Britain); major Tariegata, major (Large Periwinkle), purple, summer, 1 ft., Europe variegated; minor (Lesser Periwinkle), blue, summer, (Britain); minor flore flore pleno, double, blue; minor albo, white, double; minor foliisargeuteis, Tariega.ted with white ; minor foliis-aureis, variegated with yellow. Vine. See Vitis. Viola (Violet;Tufted Pansy; Pansy; Heartsease). Ord. Violacese. "
"
Hardy perennialherbs. CLASSIFICATION:
Pansies
in General.
flowering strain, self-coloured, or
"
Any free-growingor
variegated. Show
Pansy.
"
free-
Blooms
circular, flat," smooth, without
crinkled edges; petals thick, or wavy each other; principalor velvety, " lying closelyover ground colour of three lower white dark circular blotch in or yellow; petals pure of blooms, orange lower dark belt three centre to narrow petals ; ; eye diameter colour as upper IJin. same petals; Fancy Pansy. Blooms crinkled with or circular, flat, " smooth, edges; petals thick wavy each other ; solid, bright orange over and velvety, lying closely eye ; belt or margin of another colour large blotches of colour, with narrow colour as blotches or margins ; lower petals; top petals same three on in. to 2 in. in diameter. suffused size Tufted sometimes 1^ ; colour, class of called to A a name pansies, commonly applied Pansy. " Horned and the the Violet of ordinary pansy (V. violas," hybrids than of ordinary pansies. Colours those smaller cornuta). Blooms not Habit, dwarf, spreading as in the varied, chaste, " delicate. strain French A of Trimardeau origin, noteworthy Pansy. pansy. A strain ot Violetta. " gaudinessof colour. of blooms for coarseness between " Viola a dwarf pansy pansies,the result of a cross "
"
"
"
very
cornuta.
CULTURE
(a) deep,
Flowers,
small, rayless, ", fragrant. AND TUFTED FANCY, SHOW,
OF rich, moist
loam,
enriched 451
with
PANSIES:
well-decayed
cow
Soil manure;
Q 2
ENOYCLOPJEDIA
(b)
OF
GARDENING.
" parts loam, one part of equal proportionB of leaf-mould enriched with ; (c;ordinary light mould, cow manure ; (d) clayey or Soil best manured heavy soils,with decayed horse or cow manure. " dug previous autumn. from Position, open, light, sheltered, away roots " branches of trees, " shaded from Plant sun. pansies midday in Sept., Oct., or April, 12 in. apart each tufted pansies, March way; leafor Mulch with " manure cow April, 10 in. apart each way. mould in May or June. Stir the surface Water frequently. copiously in dry weather, applying it in the evening. Remove all flower buds two
Baud
until
plants are
only
one
to
established.
bloom
to
If exhibition each
on
grow
blooms
shoot.
desired,
are
Manures
(1)
:
1
oz.
allow
guano
gall,of water; (2)Joz. sulphate of ammonia, \oz. superphosphate of lime, \ oz. ; (3) liquid sulphate of iron Ui 2 gall, of water (Griffiths) in a canvas soot, prepared by enclosinga peck of soot " a heavy stone bag, and immersing this with a few crystals of sulphate of iron in used undiluted 30 gall, of water, or sheep dung, ; (4) liquid cow prepared by placing a peck of dung in 30 gall, of water, keeping mixture stirred at intervals for a week, then applying liquid in a a
clear
undiluted.
state
All
the
foregoing may flowering season.
or so during growing edgings to beds or in patches on
"
days as
applied
be
ten every best grown
Violettas in May. previously well-euriched
rockeries.
Plant
CULTURE OF VIOLET: Soil, ordinary, with well-decayedmanure. Clay soils require plenty of grit,decayed vegetable refuse " manure Light " gravelly incorporatedwith them. of cow " loam with soils need a liberal amount manure or clay mixed north-east side of hedge, them. or Position, border or bed on north Pull to hot under the shade of fruit trees. sun or summer exposure undesirable. Plant "crowns" 9 in. apart in rows 12 in. asunder, "
April. furnished
Apply
8 in.
apart,
deep
within
Remove form
they plants
in
Water
frame. of
as
Lift
weeds.
Water
recommended
summer.
crowns,"
for
first
when for
pansies i.e.
runners,
frames of
decayed manure light, putting
"
parent plant,
planted
shade
i:
"
in
each
from
sun.
of
intervals shoots that
three weeks issue from the
at
during summer, winter blooming
equal parts good soil freely in fine weather.
12 in.
from
portions separated
are
roots.
manures
during "
"
Crowns with
keep plants free from Sept., " replant, 6 to
leaf-mould Protect
in
from
be used to may 6 in. of above soil
cold sunny a In frost. case
fill up on
this.
space
to
Replant
annually. POT "
one
CULTURE part sand.
:
Compost, two parts loam, one April, placing six crowns "
Pot,
in a shady frame, " Place in in shade rims outdoors to
remove
water
moderately.
to 6 in.
apart.
Propagate by
in cold
pans shady frame into floweringpositionsin seedlings in Aug. or in cold shady frames in runners violets by April. SPECIES
Soil, ordinary, rich. Position, borders. or Plant, March or
rockeries, beds, partially-shaded
April, 3 in boxes
Plunge
in
till Sept.,when May, " let them remain Water greenhouse. freelyoutdoors; moderately in winter.
Winter temp., 40" to 50". OF OTHER SPECIES: CULTURE
moist,
leaf-mould, 6-in. pot. a pots to their
part "
or
CULTIVATED:
(Altaian Violet),purple. May,
V. 6
seeds sown in July or
in light sandy soil Aug., transplanting serted Sept. or Oct.; by cuttings inSept.; divisions in Sept. or Oct. ;
alpina, purple,June, 3 in., B. Europe; altaioa in., Siberia; biflora (Twin-floweredViolet),yellow, 452
OF
ENCYCLOPEDIA
or
beginning in
eyes
only
if to
the
July.
or
ground
of
stem
outside, directlyafter form
"
grow
first form.
future
planting. stem;
following
this
Prune
Distance
young
Dec.
rub
2 in.
all
halfway
one
if
back
form
to
Feb.
or
to
it
enters
strong
shoot
when
they
strong;
two-
off
others
apart.
ft.
5
where
of
Allow
from
raised
plants tor planting: planted in Jan.
of
case
vine if inside; to witniu
the
Shorten of
in
or
;
June
spring,
Pbuking: within Sin. house
Feb.
of
GARDENING.
"
side shoots young year : Allow in a young off remainder rub 18 in. apart; grow up bunch, if state. Nip off points of side shoots at first joint beyond shoots side following fourth otherwise at third or joints. Prune any, " third to form main stem Dec. near close to last bud or spurs, eye for second advised stem portion. Third as same portion of main third portion of at to form side shoots spurs, also on year ; Allow at a spur, select strongest shoot forms than one If more main stem. before of shoots as off remainder. off rub points " Nip (disbud) shoots Dec. shorten advised. issuingfrom spurs, also from
thirds shoot
if weak.
Second
one
roof
to
Following
third of
main
portionof stem
main
to
to
stem,
length
also
last eye or bud; and Fourth
fourth
subsequent
rafters.
of
portion years:
(disbudding) all side shoots rubbing pruning each on at (stopping)points at first joint spur, nipping except one from fourth bunch base, or cutting back, Dec. or Jan., side beyond consist
to
Future
off
of
their base. eye from Wateeinq: Time Temperatuee Staeting and for starting Vines: for May; Jan. for June; Nov. to ripen first in April;Dec. March March artificial heat will ripen in without Vines started for July. m Aug. or Sept. Temp, by night: 35" to 40" until buds break; 40" to then until 50" flowers from expand; 50" to 55" during flowering then until berries are 60" 70" from to period; ripe. Temp, by day: 60" on cold " 70" to 75" on days until buds break ; 65" on cold sunny " 75" to 80" on days until vines flower; 75" on cold " 85" sunny till grapes 90" onwards to are on days ripe. Watering Inside sunny heated water to Borders : Apply temp. 60" at the rate of 4 to 5 gall. foot when vines are shoots 6 in. are started; again when per square berries begin to long; also just before flowers expand; lastly,when time. swell for second Borders : Watering Outside Apply "water similar berries temp. " quantity justbefore flowering" when begin time. second to swell Syringe morning ife afternoon daily until vines Moisten cease. floors, staging, walls, " borders several flower, then start until berries colour, then times tilation Vendiscontinue. daily from : Open the ventilators tentativelyon fine days when the sun when tilate or rises, " close again early in afternoon sun disappears. Venshoots
to last
bud
or
freelynight Manubes manure
first
form, for
"
day during ripeningperiod. Gea^e
pob
heap,
"
diluted
again
ViKEs:
with
one-third
when
they
Drainings water. commence
from
stable or when berries colour Special
Apply to
soils" (a) Sandy soils not much containing humus 2 lb. of guano, 3 lb. kaiuit, mixed : together, " latter crushed fine; apply at the rate of 2oz. to a square week from a yard once until they change colour, time berries form (b) Sandy soils containing humus of soda, 2 lb. superphosph.ite, much nitrate : 1 lb. 3 lb kainit the at of IJoz. per square rate (c^' applied yard as advised for ^a^ falcpreous soils: lib. dried blood, 21b. superphosphate,lib. sulphate manures
various
454
enoyolopjEdia
of
gardening.
of potash, appliedat the rate of 1 to a square oz. yard as recommended for (a), (d) Peaty soils: lib. nitrate of soda, 31b. basic slag, 21b.
sulphate of potash ; apply Potash a
"
soda
be
to
1 oz.
crushed
to
a
yard
square
fine; mixture
to
copious watering (Dyke). Top-dressing: Apply to
manure
surface
compost
of
ashes
bone
fruit f lb.
two
of
border
when
vines part of
parts loam, one ground
fortnight. in by
a
well washed 2 in. of horse to
commence
or
c^w Also
grow.
equal proportions of wood first removing applied in autumn, loose inert soil from surface. Cropping : Average weight of of rod, 1 lb. per foot run Average weight of a fair-sized bunch, of bunches bone Average number 12. by a rod 12 ft. long, about bunch one to every only to each spur, for heavy c-op; one "
Allow alternate
shavings or
for
spur
seeds, and
again
berries to enable hand head. or
moderate later on, them to
bones
Thin
crop.
berries
fully develop.
temp., 60", Nov. to Feb. apply freely. Increase temp, in
Give to
when
size of radish lin. between space Avoid touching berries with ripe: 40" to 45".
finallyallowing
Temp, for grapes when Pot Cttltuiie: Two-year-old plants pots best adapted for fruit in pots. No in
once
be
of
a
established
in
10
12 in.
or
repotting required.
little water 65" after buds
Place
till buds
break,
break,
to
"
then
75" when
flower; lower
to 68" afterwards until stoning is completed, when to raise 70". Allow above to be increased 5" to 10" by again temp, sun-heat. until vines Thin flower. when berries size of Syringe daily radish above seeds. of one stimulants three times Apply liquid weekly after berries form " until they are ripe. Top-dress with Stanrate den's manure of a tablespoonful to each at the pot ; or with loam " vine two Thomson's when one berries form. manure part parts vine to carry 6 to 8 bunches Allow each 8 to 101b. altogether. "
OuTDOOB
Soil, two parts sandy loam, one part of ashes, old mortar, half-inch bones, " rotten wall. Position, against a south sunny Plant, 2 ft. apart, March. for indoor; Prune, Jan, or Feb., preciselyas advised Cultuhe:
equal proportionsof manure.
Nov.
or
also in
Disbud
culture.
vines
wood
a
similar
manner.
Manures
advised
for
door in-
equally applicablefor outdoor ones. Data: Supposed date of introduction
to England, 280 a.d. TJsmruL 200 ft. 2611). in a house 4oz. bunch Heaviest Average yield grown, returns at at Is. to lb., ."150; 27 3,0001b. Average ft., 2,500 by per in which best prices(2s.6d. to 73. 6d. per lb.) Months 2s. 6d., i375. months obtained, Feb., March, April," May; worst (9d. to 23.), are
Nov.,
"
Dec,
Jan.
in temp. 55" to 65" in light mould seeds sown : By in light sandy soil in temp. 65" to in spring; by "eyes" inserted 6 in. long " having 75" in Jan., Feb., or March ; by cuttings of shoots inserted in shady position at attached base, branch older of slice a arching autumn or Nov. ; layering shoots in summer in Oct. or ; inoutdoors in flower. the vines are in spring; grafting when nary, VINES: ORNAMENTAL Soil, good ordiHABDY OF CULTURE Pbopagation
enriched
Virginian
with
sown
form
manure.
Position, walls
or
fences
tor
straggling shoots of Virginian creepers previous year's shoots of other kinds not required Propagate by seeds branches, to 1 in. from base in Feb. in spring; cuttings of shoots, 6 to 8 in. long, inserted
in autumn. in winter; shorten
Plant
to
decayed
Creepers; arbours, trellises,poles,pergolas,etc., for others.
new
in heat
Prune
away
455
ENCYCLOPEDIA in
of
pots
shoots
in
soil
sandy
GARDENING.
OF
in
frame
cold
Sept.
in
layering the
Oct.;
"
autumn.
CULTURE
VINE sand. shoots
KANGAROO
OF
loam
part leaf-mould, " one pots, or in well-drained
"
beds,
:
parts peat, one
Ck)mpost, two Pot,
Veh.
trained
of up
Position,
March. roof
on
or
wire
Temp., freely March Sept.,moderately afterwards. 55". 45" to March to 55" 60" to March to Sept. Propagate by ; Sept. with removed of 2 portion of stem shoots, cuttings, in. long, young filled with inserted in 2-in. sandy peat in temp. 85" attached, " trellis.
Water
to
pot
in
April.
Summer (ostiTalis (American SPECIES Tine), climber, V. OtTLTIVATED: T. climber, antalotica, greenhouse Stat"a; antarotica (Kangaroo Vine), Syn. Cissus tinted in crimson leaves ealifornica Australia; (Californian Vine), climber, in tinted crimson leaves climber, California Vine), autumn, ; Coignetiaj (Japanese climber, major, self-clinging; flexuosa autumn, Japan ; Engelmanni, climber, stems quoise (TurChina and in autumn, leaves richly tinted Japan ; heterophylla humulifolia and Japan ; heterophylla climber, blue berries, China Berry Tine), dwarf Veitchii), (Syn. Ampelopsis humulifolia variegated; inconstans variegata, leaves Labrusca and China; Veitch's self-clinging, Japan Virginian Creeper, climber, stems N. Fox America; quinquetolia (Syn. Ampelopsis (American Grape), climber, America; self -clinging, N. the hederacea), Virginian Creeper, climber, stems vinifera purpleOrient; the cultivated of Vines, purpurea, Grape vinifera, parent
leaved.
Vriesia."
See
Wachendorfla.
Tillandsia. "
Ord.
Haemoradaceae.
Half-hardy tuberous-
16S7. rooted plants. First introduced OUTDOOR CULTURE: Soil, light, rich sandy. Position, sunny 4- in. deep well-drained border. Plant, Sept. to Jan., placing bulbs of bed surface " 2 in. apart. Lift " replant bulbs annually. Mulch in March with cow manure. POT CULTURE part leaf: Compost, two parts sandy loam, one well drained. mould manure. Pot, 4J in. in diameter, or decayed cow Place
five bulbs, 3 in. deep, in each under in cold frame or
fibre refuse
pot cool time
in
Nov., "
cover
with
greenhouse stage
cocoanut-
until
growth
until begin grow bulbs dry till Jan. Temp., sets 40" to 50" ; other times, 50" to 60". Propagate by offSept. to March advised for bulbs. treated as CULTIVATED SPECIES : W. paniculata, yellow, April, 3 ft. ; thrysiflora,yellow. May, 2 ft. : natives of S. Africa. house GreenOrd. Wahienbersia (Bell-flower). Campanulaceae.
begins. flowers
moderately
Water
fade,
then
from
gradually cease,
bulbs
to
keeping
"
"
hardy perennial herbs.
SPECIES: GREENHOUSE OF Compost, equal parts with a little silver sand. Position, pots in sunny house. greenWater wards. Pot, March. freely,April to Oct. ; moderately after45" to 50". to Oct. 55" to 65"; Oct. to March Temp., March HARDY SPECIES CULTURE OF : Soil, ordinary. Position, sunny rockeries. in a temp, Plant, Oct. to April. Propagate by seeds sown division in spring. of 55" in March or April; cuttings in summer; \V. saxioola GREENHOUSE SPECIES: Bellflower), lilac, June, (New Zealand 1 to 2 ft., Juan and Fernandez. Zealand 6 in.. New rose, summer, ; tuberosa, white HARDY W. hederacea bell, HareSPECIES: hederaceal, Creeping (Syn. Campanula 6 in., blue, summer, trailing, Britain^ Kitabelii, blue and purple, summer, 6 in., Dalmatia. Transylvania; tenuifolia,blue, violet and white, summer, Waitzia (EverlastingFlowers). Ord. Compositee. Half-hardy 1835. annuals. First introduced CULTURE beds or borders. Sow ; Soil, ordinary. Position, sunny seeds i in. deep in light sandy soil in temp. 55" to 65" in March or
CULTURE
peat and
loam
"
456
ENOYOLOP^DIA
April, harden t"lly grown,
OF
GARDENING.
off in
Gather blooma when May, " plant out in June. for winter decoration. dry thoroughly in summer POT CULTURE : Compost, equal parts sandy peat, leaf-mould, loam, " decayed cow Sow seeds thinly in shallow manure. or pan bo.x in temp. 55" to 65" in Sept. for spring flowering," in March for summer three leaves have formed blooming. Transplant when 1
in.
in
apart
5-in.
a
Grow
pot.
first; freelylater
at
when 6 in.
"
seedlingsare high.
SPECIES
No
shade
required.
CULTIVATED:
yellow, summer,
1 to
W.
2 ft. ;
Waldsteinia
Winter
natives
stimulants
of
with summer,
once
stakes
neat
temp.,
yellow,
aurea,
Water
glass.
near
weak
Apply high. Support
in.
6
shelf
on
on.
45" 1
moderately week
when
3
to
55".
to
to
a
ft.; grandiflora,
2
Australia.
Eosaceae. Hardy strawberry). Ord. introduced 1800. CULTURE: rockeries. Position Soil, ordinary rich. on sunny flower in Sept. Propagate by Plant, Oct. to April. Cut away stems seeds sown 1-16 in. deep in shallow boxes well-drained or pots of light soil in cold frame, April or July, or in positions(similardepth sunny " soil)outdoors, April or Aug. ; division of plants, Oct. to April. SPECIES CULTIVATED : W. fragarioides, yellow. June, 6 in., N. America. Wall Cress (Arabis albida)."See Arabis. Wallflower. See Cheiranthus. WalllChia. Ord. Palmacese. Stove palm. Orn. foliage. Leaves
perennial
(Barren
herbs.
"
First
"
"
feather-shaped. CULTURE little sand. Feb. Water
:
Compost,
copiously,Feb.
daily,summer.
Shade
55"
March attached, Feb. Oct.
parts rich loam,
two
Position, well-drained
to
or
from
65". March. to
pots
in
part leaf-mould,
one
moist
part of
Temp., March Propagate by suckers
to
sun.
Oct.
Pot,
stove.
Oct., moderately afterwards.
to
Syringe 75"
removed
85";
to
with, roots
: W. oaryotoides, 6 to 12 ft.,India. Wall Pepper (Sedum acre)." See Sedum. Wall Rue Fern (Asplenium Ruta-muraria). See Asplenium. Walnut (Juglans regia). See Juglaus. stove Orchidacese. Dwarf Ord. Waluewai epiphytal orchids. Seldom grown. CULTURE : Compost, equal parts fibrous peat, chopped sphagnum Position, well-drained and a little charcoal. moss pots in shady part March. Water to of stove. freely March Sept., Repot, Feb. or 65" to March to Oct., 75"; Oct. to Temp., moderately afterwards. to Sept.; restingperiod. Growing period, March March, 60" to 65". of last-made base pagate at Flowers pseudo-bulb. Proappear Sept to Feb. of pseudo-bulbs. by division W. CULTIVATED: pulohella, yellow and purple, Feb., Brazil. SPECIES See Saxifraga. Jevw Wandering' (Saxifragasarmentosa'). Plant Wand (Galax aphylla). See Galax.
CULTIVATED
SPECIES
"
"
"
"
"
Warcevtficzella. Warrea.
"
Ord.
"
See
Zygopetalum.
Orchidaceae.
Stove
terrestrial
orchids.
First
troduced in-
1843.
Compost, equal parts
CULTURE: Pot,
manure.
moist
April
to
be
decayed
cow
or
drainage than
half
with
higher Sept.; moderately, Sept.
to
leaf -mould, loam, "
pots in warm April. Position, well-drained during growing period ; cool and dry part during
of stove period. Cover
part
resting compost
March
an
to
467
of below
layer inch
moss,
rim.
"
do Water
not
allow
freely,
Jan.; keep nearly dry, Jan.
to
ENCYCLOPEDIA March.
Temp., March March 55" to period, Oct. to March.
Jan.
or
to
GARDENING.
OF to
Sept. 65"
to
Growing
65".
85"; Sept.
to
period, March
Propagate by division
60"
Jan. to
Oct.;
to
70";
resting
pseudo-bulbs,March
of
April.
SPECIES Brazil.
CULTIVATED:
W.
Washing'tonia.. plants
"
greenhouse
or
tricolor, white, yellow and
Ord.
palms.
Palmeas. Leaves
A
of
genus
roundish
purple,
and
summer,
ornamental
fringed
6
in.,
warm
with
ments. fila-
CULTURE
tion, Posi: Compost, equal parts peat, loam, and silver sand. Water pots in partial shade. Hepot, Feb. moderately Oct. to April, freely afterwards. to Temp. Sept. to March, 55" to 65"; March
Sept., 66" to 75". in spring.
Propagate by
seeds
in above
sown
compost in temp.
85
SPBCIKS 10
CULTIVATED: W. fllifera (Syn. Brahea Pritohardia or filamentosa), ft.,S. America. Water Arum See Calla. (Calla palustris)." Water Caltrops (Trapa nutans)." See Trapa. Water Chestnut (Trapa nutans)." See Trapa. Water Cress (Nasturtium ofScinale).See Nasturtium. Water Daffodil (Stembergia lutea). See Sternbergia. Water Elm See Zelkowa. (Zelkowa acuminata.) to
20
"
"
"
Water Water Water Water Water Water Water
Lettuce Locust
(Pistiastratiotes)."See (Gleditschiamonosperma).
Pistia.
See Gleditschia. Oat (Zizania aquatiea.) See Zizania. Plantain (Alisma Flantago). See Alisma. Rice (Zizania aquatiea). See Zizania. Soldier See Stratiotes. (Stratiotesaloides)." Violet (Hottonia palustris).See Hottonia. Watsonia Half-hardy bulbous (Bugle Lily)." Ord. Iridaceae. 1750. First introduced plants. OUTDOOR CULTURE: tion, PosiSoil, deep rich, liberally manured. well-drained beds borders. Nov., sheltered, or Plant, sunny, Place 6 in. apart in groups 4 in. deep " of Feb., or March. corms tect Proeach corm. three, six, or twelve; put a little silver sand under in winter with when layer of manure. Apply liquid manure flower buds Fix Lift form. stakes to spikes wnen 2 or 3 in. high. in " store cool in till time. corms Sept., place planting POT CULTURE: Compost, two parts loam, one part well-decayed " river sand. manure Position, pots in cold frame, cool greenhouse, window. 1 in. deep in a or Pot, Oct. to March, placing five corms in cold 6-in. pot. Place frame till flower move pots spikes show, then reWater window. to greenhouse or moderately at first; freely afterwards. when flower After Apply liquid manure spikes show. water till foliagedies, then flowering, gradually withhold keep quite of dry till repotted. Propagate by seeds sown Jin. deep in pans light rich soil in Feb., m temp. 55" to 65" ; by bulbils planted 3 in. border outdoors, March. deep " 6 in. apart in sunny W. CULTIVATED: SPECIES ooooinea, scarlet, May, 1 ft.; densiflora, rosy red, O'Brieni 3 ft. ; rosea June, 1 ft. ; Moriana (Syn. W. Ardemi), white, sammer, of S. Africa. ^Syn. Gladiolus pyramidatus), rose, July, 2 ft. Natives Wax Flovtfer (Hoya carnosa). See Hoya. Weather Plant (Abrus precatorius). See Abrus. "
"
"
"
"
"
"
Wedding Weeping
Flower Ash
(Moraea robinsoniana). See Morsea. "
(Fraxinus excelsior 458
pendula). "
See
Frasinus.
MNOYOLOPMDtA
OF
QAHDJUNINQ.
wff Si!?^5-""^*^{^B.suasylvaticuspendula)." See Fagus. w^f5-"^ ^V^^ (Betula alba pendula Youngii)." See Betula. wf f S-'"^ "V (U"''s glabra pendula)."See Ulmus. "
CQuercus pedunculata pendula)." See Quercua. (Salix babylonica)-See Salix.
lu^f 5-"^ S?.. wf i^'P^ Willow Weigrela See
"
Diervilla.
Palmaceae. Stove palm. Orn. ^^'^^'^T^"^-?foliage. First Leaves, partiallyfeather-shaped; '"^""^^f^^^ljeg. bronzy green.
iu-
^
Compost,
ij
March
part, equal propoitions leaf-
one
soaked
in
to
temp. 65"
SPECIES
55" then
essential. Water copiously, times. to Oct. 65" Temp., March 65". Propagate by seeds previously inch deep in turfy loam an " leaf-
reg^a, 10 to
W.
:
Weliingtonia
to sown
75". spring.
to
CULTIVATED
Welsh Welsh
atmosphere
moderately other
March tepid water,
in
mould
to
Oct.
;
little sand. Position, well-drained Pot, Feb. Shade from sun. Syringe "
manure, of stove. Oct. Moist
Oct.;
to
85
loam
decayed cow moist part
pots in daily. March to
rich
J
mould,
30
ft., New
Grenada.
See Sequoia. See Allium.
"
Onion."
Polypody
(Polypodium vulgare cambricum)."
See Poly-
podium. Welsh
Poppy
mushroom-like filaments. A CULTUEE:
well-drained Full
(Meconopsis cambrica). See Meconopsis. Ord. Gnetaceae. A curious hothouse plant of of growth with leaves fringed with ribbon-like "
WelwitSChia.
"
habit difficult
plant
Eq^ualparts bed
lu
to
sun
exposure
to grow.
brick
hot. dry
a
essential.
rubble
and
Temp.
sand.
coarse
Scarcely any
corner.
55"
Position,
in winter;
75"
a
required.
water
in
summer.
Propagation, exceedingly difficult. SPECIES
Western West West
CULTIVATED
W.
:
Plane
Indian Indian
mirabilis, Trop. Africa.
.
"See (Platanus occiden talis). Platanus. Jasmine (Ixora coccinea)."See Ixora. Kale
(Colocasiaantiquorum esculeutum). "
See
Colocasia.
Weymouth Whangee
Pine (Pinus Strobus)." See Pinus. Cane (Phyllostachysnigra)." See Phyllostachys. White Beam-tree (Pyrus Aria)."See Pyrus. Whitlavia. See Phacelia. Grass." Whitlow See Draba. Whorl-flower. See Morina. Whortleberry (Vaccinium myrtillus). See Vaccinium. Widdring:tonia (African or Milanji Cypress). Ord. Coniferoe. Tender coniferous trees, suitable only for greenhouse cultivation evergreen in this country. Habit, elegant " graceful. CUXTURE : Compost, two parts sandy loam " one part leaf-mould, with liberal amount of silver sand. a Position, pots in light,sunny Water to Oct. ; moderately freely,March greenhouse. Pot in March. to Oct. 55" to 65"; Oct. to March afterwards. Temp.. March 45" to in gentle heat in spring, transferring 55". Propagate by seeds sown '
"
"
"
"
seedlings singly to smallpots SPECIES Africa.
CULTIVATED:
Wigrandia. First
"
introduced
wrinkled,
more
W.
Ord. 1836.
or
less
as
soon
Whytei,
large enough
as
leaves
glaucous
Hydrophyllacese. Height, 3 to 10 downy. 469
Stove ft.
and orn.
to handle. graceful. Central
foliage plants.
Leaves, large, very .
GAEDMNING.
OF
"BNCYCLOPMBIA
doors. outbeds sheltered Soil, ordinary. Position, sunny Plant, of year. to Oct.; warm greenhouse remainder
CULTURE:
May
Propagate by seeds sown in sandy soil in temp. 65" to 76" in Teb. ; cuttings inserted treated an as bell-glassm temp. 75" in spring. Usually seldom preserved during the winter. May
or
Lift, Sept.
June.
or
Willow
See
Willow
Herb.
"
Winter
to
10
;
ft.,
Andromeda.
Saliz. See
"
Windflower.
Wine-berry
See
annual
Rhus.
"
Rosemary.
light
soil under
8
macrophylla),
(Syn. W.
W. CULTIVATED: caroassana SPEOIBS Mexico; Vigieri, 4 to 6 ft., lilac, autumn. (Rhus Cotinus). See Wig' Tree
Wild
in
Oct.
See
"
Epilobium. Anemone.
(Rubus phoenicolasius).See Rubus. Aconite (Eranthis hyemalis). See Eranthis. See Physalisand Solanum. Cherry. Cress (Barbarea praecox). See Barbarea. Flax (Reinwardtia trigyna). See Reiuwardtia. Green (Pyrola minor)." See Pyrola. Hawthorn (Aponogeton distachyon). See "
"
Winter
"
Winter
"
Winter
"
Winter Winter
"
Apono-
geton.
(Ericacamea). See Erica. Heliotrope (Tussilagofragrans). See Tussilago. Savory (Satureiamontana). See Satureia. Sweet (Acokauthera apectabilis).See Acokanthera. Heath
Winter Winter
"
"
Winter
"
Winter
"
Vine; (Grape-flower
Wistaria minosffi.
Hardy
deciduous
climbing
Ord. First
Kidney-bean Tree)."
Legu-
flowering shrubs.
duced intro-
1724. CULTURE: Position, well-drained Soil, -deep rich sandy loam. dards borders pergolas; or as stanagainst S. or S.W. walls; or on sunny March districts. in lawns in sheltered Plant, or on tending or April. Prune, Jan. or Feb., shortening shoots not required for exto within 1 in. of branches base. Propagate by layering shoots during summer. young
Sirubbery
W. sinensis Tree), mauve, (Chinese Kidney-bean sinensis flora sinensis alba, ivhite ; pleno, doable ; (American Tree), purple; frutescens Kidney-bean maorobotryS;white, blue, and April, 10 ft., U. States; frutesoeuB alba, white; mnltijuj^a, lilao-purple, maUTe.
SPECIES China
Uay,
summer,
CULTIVATED:
;
sinensis
China.
Witch's
Thimble
Witloof," Witsenia."
See
(Silenemaritima)." See
SUene.
Cichorium.
See
Aiistea.
Wolf's-bane
(Aconitum lycoctonum). See Aconitum. Wood Anemone (Anemone nemerosa). See Anemone. Woodbine (Lonicerapericlymenum). "ee Lonicera. Wood Lily." See Trillium. Woodruff (Asperulaodorata). See Asperula. Woodsia. Deciduous Ord. Filices. Greenhouse " hardy ferns. "
"
"
"
"
"
Fronds, feather-shaped. evergreen. CULTURE OP GREENHOUSE SPECIES: Compost, equal parts with " little silver " charcoal. loam, Position, well-drained sand, peat beds in Pot or shady greenhouse. pots or plant, Feb. or March. March to Water afterwards. Oct.; moderately freely, Syringing not 460
MNCrCLOPMDlA
Xanthosoma..
foliage. variegated. CULTUBE
Ord. Aroideae
"
First
OF
introduced
GARD'ENINQ. Stove
Orn. perennial herbs. shaped, green or
Leaves, arrow-head
1710.
cayed de-
Compost,equal parts turfy loam, peat, leaf -mould,
:
"
silver sand.
in
Position, well-drained
shade.
pots pots just large enough to take tubers in Feb. to larger pots in April or May. Water or March; transfer moderately, Feb. to April " Sept.to Nov. ; freely,April to Sept. ; keep quite drv, Nov. to Feb. Temp., Feb. to Sept. 70" to 80"; Sept. to Nov. 65" to 75"; Nov. to Feb. 55" to 65"Propagate by dividing the tubers in manure,
Pot
moderately firm
Feb.
or
in
March.
SPECIES
OULTITATBD:
X. Barilletii,Trop. America; Lindenii (Syn. Phyllota:violaceum, W. Indies. (Immortelle; Annual Everlasting). Ord. First introduced 1570. Compositse. Hardy annuals. Flowers, single " double; for winter suitable decoration. CULTURE beds or borders. Sow : Soil, ordinary. Position, sunny seeds in light soil in March, in temp. 55" to 65", planting out in for flowers winter June, or in open ground end of April. Gather decoration directly they are fully expanded.
nium
Liudenii),Colombia; Xeranthemum
SPECIES
"
CULTIVATED:
Xerophyllum
X.
purple, etc.,
annuum,
(Turkey's Beard)." Ord.
2 ft., S.
summer,
Liliaceee.
Europe.
Hardy
nial perenFirst introduced 1765. CULTURE: Soil, moisf sandy peat. Position, boggy gardens or margins of ponds or lakes. Plant, March or April. Propagate by seeds in moist sown peaty soil in April where required to grow, or or by division of roots in March April. SPECIES CULTIVATED : X. asphodeloidos,white, May, 1 ft.,N. Amerioft. Ord. Orchidaceae, Stove First Xylobium." epiphytal orchids. 1826. introduced
aquatic herb.
CULTURE with moss, baskets or
Compost, equal parts fibirypeat
:
"
chopped sphagnum
little sand " charcoal. Position, well-drained pots, pans, in light part of greenhouse. Pot when new mences. growth comWater deciduous speciesfreely from time new growth begins until Nov., then occasionally;evergreen to speciesfreelyfrom March whilst twice Nov.; moderately,Nov. to March. or Syringe once daily making growth. Ventilate freely.May to Sept. Temp., April to 55" to 65"; Oct. to April 45" to 50". Oct. Growing period, Feb. to Oct. Feb. to March; Plants be grown in sitting-room restingperiod, may cool conservatory when in flower. or division Propagate by of
pseudo-bulbsimmediately SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
X.
after
flowering.
discolor, yellow brown, spring, W.
elongatam, yellow, white, and and purple, spring, Brazil. Yam (Dioscoreasativa). See Yarrovtf. See Achillea. "
and
white,
Indies
;
Indies; spring, W. squalens, yellow, white,
Dioscorea.
"
Yellow YellOVtf
Asphodel Ox-Eye.
Yellow
Star
YellOVtf
Water-Lily
Yellow
Wood
Anemone. Yerba Yewf."
Yucca
of
Mansa See Taxus.
(Asphodelinelutea). "
"
See
See
Asphodeline.
Bupthalmum.
Bethlehem
(Gagea lutea)." See Gagea. (Nuphar advena)." See Nuphar. Anemone (Anemone ranunculoides). See "
(Anemonopsis macrophylla).
(Adam's Needle;
"
Mound ma,
See
Anemonopsis.
Lily; Spanish Bayonet). Did. "
ENCYCLOPEDIA Liliaceae.
Greenhouse
OF
hardy
"
GARDENING.
perennials.
eversfreen
duced intro-
First
1626.
CULTURE drained.
OP
singly
or
with
HARDY
lawns.
mounds,
Soil, ordinary light wellrockeries, raised borders,
April.
Protect
SPECIES
Position, sunny
banks,
Plant, Oct.
or
:
in
weather
severe
mats.
CULTURE
GREENHOUSE
OF
sandy loam,
leaf-mould
part
one
Sept. to June; iu
soil, June Pot, March.
sunny
Sept.;
to
Water
or
SPECIES: little sand.
"
Compost,
parts
two
Position, light greenhouse,
pots plunged to rims entirely in greenhouse.
positionoutdoors, be
may
freely, April
grown
to
Sept.;
little afterwards.
very
when root-bound. Temp., Sept. to March, necessary to 65". to Sept. 55" 40" to 50"; March Propagate by division in serted or March, offsets or suckers in March April; cuttings of roots inin temp. 55" in spring. in sand States and SPECIES: T. 15 ft., S. V. GREENHOUSE aloifolia,white, summer, W. Indies; and its varieties Draconis (leaves purplish), (leaves drooping), purpurea varieleaves (leaves slender), tricolor quadrioolor (leaves reddish), tenuifolia g;atedvrith white, green, and yellow), variegata (leaves striped with white). SPECIES HAEDT : T. angustifolia,white, July, S. U. States ; fllamentosa, white, variegata, variegated; glauca, white, July, S. TJ. June, S. TJ. States; filamentosa States; gloriosa (Adam's Needle), white, July, 6 to 9 ft., S. U. States; recurvifolia, S. U. States. leaves recurving, white, summer, Yuia.n (Magnolia conspicua). See Magnolia. ZaluzJanskia. Ord. Scrophulariaceae. Half-hardy annuals.
Repotting only
"
"
First
introduced
slightly covered
"
Position,
sandy loam. Propagate by seeds sown
rockeries.
or
1824.
Soil, rich
CULTURE:
with
silver sand
"
borders sunny of fine light mould
warm
surface
on
placed
in
55"
temp.
to
65"
in
transplantingseedlingsoutdoors in June, or sow seeds L-16 in Water in May where outdoors requiiredto flower. plants are deep refuse inof cocoanut-fi""ve with weather. Mulch in layer freely dry March,
June. SPECIES and summer, pink and
CULTIVATED:
fragrant, yellow. May,
Zamia
1 6
Z. oaijensis (Syn. Nycterinia capensis), white, spring, ft.,S. Africa; selaginoides (Syn. Nycterinia selaginoides),
in., S. Africa.
(Jamaica Sago Tree). foliageplants. First "
orn.
Ord. Cycadaceae. Stove 1691. introduced Leaves,
or
house greenfeather-
shaped. " peat, little silver sand. loam Pot, Feb. or iu shady part of stove. pots Position, well-drained Oct. to March daily, April to Syringe Water March. copiously, March from Shade sun. essential. Temp., Sept. Moist atmosphere seeds 70". 60" to March by to Propagate 75" to 85"; Oct. to Oct. " removed offsets 75" to 85", by soil in temp. spring; in
Compost, equal parts
CULTURE:
sown
placed
light
in
small
division, Feb.
or
pots under
bell-glassin propagator ,
SPECIES
Lindenii,
CULTIVATED: 8 ft., Ecuador;
Zanzibar
Zauschneria
spring;
in
by
March.
Balsam
Z.
purpuraoca Wallsii, Colombia.
(Jamaica
" Sago Tree), ",
"
3
,i
ft., wW.
t
jIndies;
(Impatieus Sultani)." See Impatiens. Fuchsia)."Ord. Onagraceas. Half(Californian
hardy shrubby perennial.First introduced 1847, rockery or Position, well-drained Soil, sandy loam. CULTURE: seeds iu light sown by or April. Propagate old wall. Plant, March 55" to 65", in fine mould, with temp. place sandy soil,lightlycovering end of May or beginning of seedlingsoutdoors March, transplanting 463
OF
ENCYCLOPEDIA
June;
cuttings
by
of
side
young
GARDENING. shoots
in
inserted
pots
of
positionoutdoors
in
or sandy soil under bell-glass hand-light shady in Sept., protecting cuttings in heated greenhouse until following April, then plantingout; by division of old plants in April.
cali1 ft., California; CULTIVATED: Z. californioa, scarlet, autumn, grandiflora, large flowered. Gramineae. Zea. nual. Half-hardy anCorn). Ord. (Maize; Indian 1562. Orn. foliage. First introduced Leaves, narrow, grasslike ; green or variegated with white. seeds Jin. deep " lin. CULTURE: Soil, ordinary. Sow apart in boxes Fob. to rich soil well-drained in 5.5' in fi.")", or temjj. pots light SPECIES
fornioa
"
2in. high singly into 'iin, pots, seedlingswhen frame in May " plant to harden Place in cold 4J-in.pots. in in be in June. also outdoors May pots compost of equal grown sand. Water soil " " leaf little -mould, freely. parts good loamy
March;
or
then
,
transfer
into
SPECIES
CULTIYATBD:
variegated. Zebra Zebrina.
Z.
3
Mays,
to
Mays
ft., Paraguay;
4
variegata,
Plant. See Calathea. Greenhouse herbaceous ^Ord. Commelinaceae. trailing introduced 1849. oval First Orn Leaves, foliage. oblong ; perennial. Stems dark above, purplish beneath. creeping. green, stripedwhite tion, PosiCULTURE : Compost, equal parts loam, leaf-mould, " sand. in pots or baskets suspended from roof, or in beds under stage Pot rockeries. or or on plant, Jan. to April. AVater freely, March Shade from to Oct. ; moderately afterwards. strong sunshine. Temp., 40" to 50" Oct. to April; 55" to 65" April to Oct. May be grown frost from in winter. a in windows as pot or basket plant. Protect inserted in shoots soil under of light cuttings by Propagate young "
"
bell-glassin
a
above
March
temp.,
to
Oct
pendula (Syn. Tradescantea zebrina), purple, summer, and red. l^exioo; pendula tricolor,leaves variegated with white, green, Ord Urticaceae. Zelkowa Hardy (Water Elm; Siberian Elm).
SPECIES
CULTIVATED
Z.
:
"
*
deriduous
of
trees
CULTURE
no
specialmerit.
Position,
loam.
Soil, deep
:
Closely allied mixed
Feb.
to
the
clius.
shrubberies by seeds
or
side
of
doors outPlant, sown Propagate water-courses. or in autumn spring; grafting in March. acuminata Z. (Syn. Ulmus KeaJii), 30 to 40 ft.; CULTIVATED: SPECIES Siberian Elm, Siberia, 10 ft.; Viscljiiff^'U.ii (Svn. polvgana), crenata (Syn. Ulmns
Oct.
to
Verschaffeltii),30 ft. Zenobia. Ord. Ericaceae. Hardy flowering shrub. evergreen First introduced 1800. CULTURE: sheltered Soil, peat or Position, moist sandy loam. borders. Plant, Sept., Oct., March, or April. Propagate by layering
Ulmus
"
in
Sept. SPECIES
or
Oct.
CULTIVATED."
speciosa pulverulentea,
Zephyranthes Swamp Lily; Flower deciduous
bulbous
speciosa, white,
Z. leaves
summer,
3
to
4
ft., N.
America;
whitish.
(Zephyr of the
West
Atamasoo
Lily; Peruvian Ord. Amaryllidacc;?. Hardy First introduced 1629.
Flower;
Wind).
floweringplants.
CULTURE
"
HALF-HARDY SPECIES: OF Soil, light sandy loam. beds, borders, or rockeries. Position, well-drained Plant, .4ug. sunny Protect in winter to Nov., placing bulbs 3 to 4 in. deep " 4 in. apart. bulbs Lift " replant only when show by a layer of cinder ashes. signs of deterioration. SPECIES: HARDY CULTURE OF Compost, two parts loam, one Position, well-drained pots in part peat, leaf-mould, " silver sand. 464
cold
frame
aeep
in
a
ENCYCLOPEDIA
OF
greenhouse. 6-m. pot.
Pot, Aug.
or
5
or
Water very when flowers
GARDENING. to
Nov., placing one
little till growth fade " keep soil
ireely. Withhold water potting time. Propagate by offsets planted large bulbs, Aug. to Nov. HALE-HARDT
treated
2 in.
then
begins, quite dry
till
advised
for
as
SPECIiDS
: Z. Audersoni, golden yellow, May, 6 in., Monte Video; Lily), pink. May, 1 ft., N. America; May,j. oarinata,, pink. f
Atama^oo (Atamasoo 6 m., Mexico.
:M.EDT
"
bulb
,
SPECIES
2epnyr
Z. Candida
:
(Peruvian Swamp
Lily),white, Sept., 6 in., Peru
Flower
(Zephyranthes Candida)."See Zephyranthes. Zingriber (Ginger)."Ord. Scitaminaceae. Stove perennial. Roots First introduced 16U5. riTTTT-"^ ginger of commerce. CULTURE: Compost, equal parts loam, peat, " sand. Position, pots in shady moist part of stove. Water March Pot, Feb. copiously, to Oct.; keep nearly dry, Oct. to March. to Oct. 75=" Temp., March to
85"; Oct.
to March division of
55" to 65". die down Stems in autumn. pagate Proin Feb. the rhizomes SPECIES OULTITATED : Z. red, July, 2 ft., E. Indies. officinale, Zinnia, Ord. (Youth-and-old-age)." Compositas. Half hardy annuals. First introduced 1770.
by
CULTURE: manure.
Soil, deep loamy, beds Position, sunny or
in light soil in third leaf forms
liberally enriched
with
decayed deep April. Transplant seedlings when borders.
Sow
seeds
1-16 in.
55" early in apart in shallow glass in temp. 55"
temp. 2 in.
boxes filled with light mould. until seedlingsare established, house, and if possibleplant out 4 in. apart frame Shade from early in May. sun, keep moist, " gradually expose to air, end of month. Plant out 8 to 12 in. Sow also outdoors middle of May. pare Preapart second week in June. bed of rich soil in sunny four three or seeds at position,sow intervals of 12 in., " thin seedlingsto one at each third place when Mulch all zinnias with leaf forms. after decayed manure planting. when the plants Water liberallyin dry weather. Apply stimulants On to flower. to depth of 12 in., commence dry soils take out mould then in. of former. in, manure 3 decayed replace put Z. elegans, Tarious CULTIVATED: 2 ft., Mexico; SPECIES colours, summer, 1 ft., Trop. America; multiflora,scarlet,summer, haageana, orange-yellow, eummer, Place box near the then to a cooler remove in good rich soil in cold
2 ft. ;
tenuiflora, scarlet,
2
summer,
ft., Mexico.
Zirania. Oats; Canadian Rice; Indian (Water Rice; Water Rice). Graminese. Ord. Hardy aquatic perennial grasses. CULTURE. Soil, ordinary. Position, margins of shallow ponds or in heat lakes. in Plant, April or May. Propagate by seeds sown then under until on glass May, hardening spring,growing seedlings "
"
off in cold frame. SPECIES America.
Z.
CULTIVATED;
aquatica,
green
and
Zonal-Geranium
brown,
summer,
6
ft., N.
(Pelargonium zonale). See Pelargonium. Hardy bulbous-rooted Zygadenus. plants. sand. CULTURE : Soil, peat, leaf-mould, and Position, partially Lift and replant triennishady moist border or bed. Plant, autumn. division of offsets seeds in autumn in sandy sown ; ally. Propagate liy "
"
soil in
a
cold
frame
CULTIVATED SPEOIES and purple; June, 18
Ord.
in
Liliaceae.
spring. :
in., N.
anenBtifolim (Syn. H-lonias an?DS'if"lia\ white and America; white, July, 2 ft., N. elegans, green .Tune, 18 in., N. America; glaberrima, white, July, Z.
Fremontii, America; cream, 1 ft., N. America; Muscitoxicum, June, 18 in., N. America.
green,
July, 465
2
ft.,N.
America;
Kuttallii, white.
ENCYCLOPEDIA
OF
Zygro-Batemannia.. orchids, mannia
the
result
CoUeyi.
"
Ord.
GARDENING. Orchidaceae.
A
race
new
with
hybridising Zygopetalum crinitum a bigeneric orchid. product is termed
of The
of
Bate-
Habit size.
medium
between intermediate Flowers of the two genera. similar culture to Zygopetalums. white and HKBRID CULTIVATED: Z. Maatersii, greeD, chocolate, creamy purple. A of bigeneric hybrid Ord. Orchidaceee. race ZygO-Colax. orchids obtained of those of Zygopetalum with by crossingspecies the two Colax. between Flowers, Habit, intermediate large. genera. Eequire similar culture to Zygopetalums. Z. amesiana HlfBEIDS Colai CULTIVATED: x jiigosus), (Z. brachypetalum C. jugosus), white, x purple, Tiolet, and white; leopardinus (Z. Gauterii green, 0. jugoeUH), yellow, purple, violet, and x purple and blue; Veitohii (Z. crinitum C. white; purple, white, and x wiganiana (Z. intermedium jugosus), green,
Eequire
"
Tiolet.
Orchidaceae. Stove Ord. 1825. introduced CtJLTUEE : C!ompost, equal parts rough fibrous " charcoal. moss Position, well-drained pots or
Zygopetalum.
"
epiphytal
orchids.
First
(roots being from
roof.
covered
with
in
from
sun
June
58" to round.
to
summer.
65";
Dec.
moss),
March.
Water
in
"
blocks baskets
sphagnum of
wood
suspended freely,April to Sept. ; Dec. Give to April. Shade little,Dec. very Moist essential. to atmosphere Temp., March to March 53" to 60". All the Growing period:
Pot, etc., Feb.
moderately, Sept.
sphagnum
peat on
or
Resting period:
None.
or
Flowers at base of new appear time. growth. CULTIVATED: Z. Burkei, green, SPECIES chocolate-brown, white, and purple, winter, 12 to 18 in., Demerara; Burtii, white, yellow, brown, crimson, and purple, 1 ft,, Costa and liica; oerinum, straw summer, 1 ft., yellow, Tarioua seaeons, violet, summer, white, and Chiriqui ; coeleste, blue, mauve, Colombia: crinitum, white, and purple, spring, 18 in. to 2 ft., Brazil; dayannm, green, white, greeni and 1 ft., Colombia; Gautieri, green, purple, autumn, brown, yellow, and purple, 12 to 15 in., Brazil; various seasons, gramineum, yellow, green, rod, and brown, various seasons, 9 in., Brazil ; intermedium, green, brown, white, and violet-purple, Brazil; Klabocorum, autumn, white, purple, yellow, and crimson, various seasons, 1 ft., Ecuador and Lalindei, rose 1 ft., Colombia ; yellow, various seasons, ; various Lehmannii, 15 in., Ecuador; white, purple, and mauve, seasons, Mackaii, yellow, brown, and violet, winter, 18 in. to 2 ft., Brazil ; maxillare, greeni green, brown, violet, and blue, winter, 1 ft.,Brazil ; meleagris, white, yellow, and brown, 10 in., Brazil; Rollieonii, yellow and summer, 3 in., Brazil; purple, autumn, and white rostratum, and purple. May rosy June, 8 in., British Guiana ; stapelioides,green, yellow, brown, and 3 in., Brazil; Wendlandii purple, summer, Warscewiozella (Syn. and Weidlandii), white purple, Sept., 9 in., Costa Rica; xanthinum 3 in., Brazil. yellow, red, and crimson, summer, year
Propagate by division, any
466
ADVERTISEMENTS.
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GARDENING.
OF-
VEGETABLES " FLOWERS FROM
SEEDS
AND
(THIRTEENTH The
Cultural A
Year's securing
Rotation
The
Chemistry
Monthly
beautiful
LAWNS
PESTS
THE
FUNGUS
The
DAILY
to
"
"The
Baste,
OF
successive
a
for
year.
Garden.
and
display
FROM
Roots,
of
the
most
work
is
one
of
SEEDS.
(Illustrated). PLANTS
of CERTAIN
{Illustrated).
FLOWERS
the
best
{Illustrated).
English garden
on
practical
A
" I am says: information for which
notes
with
"
a
gardener to the acknowledge the arrival of Tucker,
ment." manage-
scientific handbook
and
to
Hon.
five books
to
on
the
Earl '
on
The
it the I consider for the young men. all matters pertaining to a gentleman's
from
FIVE
SUTTON
and
SONS,
of
Radnor,
Culture
of
useful
most
works
says
:
"
"
I
Vegetables and
beg and
instructive
garden."
READING,
and
through
from KENT
HAMILTON,
32, PATERNOSTER
I find
other
many
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all Booksellers
MARSHALL,
Book.
your
consult
of time."
waste
great Rt.
delighted with I had
'
PRICE
SIMPKIN,
Seeds
GARDEN
Sclerder, the
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Direct
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S3.ys:""
page take copious
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cultivation."
one
and
S. W.
reminders
at^d
crops,
Crops.
ensuring
GARDEN
rELEGRAPH
E.
Garden,
Vegetable
GROUNDS
PESTS says:
in Mr.
for
PESTS
FUNGUS
Rev.
Garden
TENNIS OF
garden The
Notes
AND
TIMES
the
in
Flowers
on
several
Vegetables throughout
Crops of
the
varieties.
THE
The
of
:
Vegetable on
of
supply
Articles
And
the
Notes
continuous
a
The
Cultural
The
in
Monthly
contains
Veg-etables :
on
Work
Consistingof
EDITION.)
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r^
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at the awarded Medal Barr's the only Gold Daffodils Royal Iforticultural were Daffodil Prize, Conference, 1884; Premier 1894; Gold Society's First Great "10 First Gold Prize, and los. Medal, Medals, Medal, 1896; Gold 1899; Two Gold Gold Gold Medal, 1903; Two Medals, Medal, Challen;;e Cup, 1902; 1901; Two Gold Gold Two Gold Medal, Medals, 1906; Medals, 1907; 1904; 1905; and Five Gold Medals, 1908.
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Peas
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8vo.
Crown
New
Peas
Sweet
on
Successful
and
Dahlias
1/-net
Selection
Cultivation-
of
1/- net
and
Complete for Timing
Midland
Growers
Crown
"
8vo, bound
J. B.
Guide Annuals
as
the
to
of
By
Shrubs A.
B
"
tions Instruc-
Southern, of
"
Perennials
Fruits
PUBLISHED
148
:
and Best
the
by Post, 2/3. a
Annuals "
"
Giiss
"
Half-Hardy
Herbs
Vegetables
"
Complete
for the successful
Manures
Hardy
Salads
"
net
Crops
Soils and
GaiFFtTus, Ph.D.,
L. COLLiNCRIDCE,
with
Selections
"
Exhibition.
for
Northern,
Garden Plants
"
Tl\em
Exhibition,
2/-
Price
Suitable
most
Greenhouse and Biennials
by Post, 1/8.
;
Wroe.
for
"
;r.;; Plants"
Grow
to
for
in cloth.
Special Manures culture
How
to
and
By
Varieties, etc.
Show, Farniy, Cactus, tion Exhibiand Decoration Wboe. B. J. By
cloth, 1/6
;
Growing Stopping, for Taking the Buds
Guide
the
on
Illustrated.
8vo.
by Post, 1/2
:
Treatise
-a
the
for Garden
Varieties, etc.,etc.
Chrysanthemums A
Historyof
and Dahlias
Crown Price
Illustrated.
8vo.
their
Propagation, Culture Pompon and Single ;
F.R.H.S.
by Post, 1/2 : cloth, 1/6 ; by Post, 1/8.
:
and
Praising
;
;
Crown Price
and
Home
For
Selection
the
Development History and C. H. Cuktis, etc. By Exhibiting, Varieties;
H. "
1/9
Post
by
;
the
dealing with
Book
W.
in
Post, 1/3 ; bound
and
Grapes
rotms.
W.
Illustrated.
8vo, 118 pages.
Crown
"
By
F.L.S., F.R.H.S.
SENDEES,
Price
ners.
T.
for
Lawns"
"
FlowerMush-
etc.
BY
". 149, Aldersgate
Street, London.
ADVERTISEMENTS.
Trice
each
1/- net
;
1/6
Profit.
Geese
Turkeys
and
T.
Breeds,
Bikd.
7.
No,
Ducks,
Best
the
of Rabbits, with a Description of By J. Foods, Ailments, Marketing, etc.
and
Rearing
The
Management Suitable
by post 1/9.
;
6.
and
Pleasure
for
in cloth
Bound
by post 1/2.
No.
Rabbits
Cow^mMec?.
HANDBOOKS"
USEFUL
Profit,
for
Guide
a
of Ducks, Turkeys, Geese, Guinea Proper Management Swans Fattening, Killing, Plucking and Feeding, ; for etc. Chief Ailments, Market; By A. T. Johnson. Trussing the
to
Fowls
and
8.
No.
Cows
Dairy on
Best
the
Milk
Horse and
Treatise
of Dairy Cows and their Management and of the Management Dairy : Butter and the Law, etc., etc. John Walker. By
No.
The
Practical
a
Breeds
and
Making:
Dairy,
the
and
:
Its Care
struction Con-
:
Cheese
9.
and
Management,
a
tical Prac-
Treatise on Breeding, Rearing, Feeding, Ailments, Diseases, Treatment General tion Construc; Breaking in. Buying ; Stable ;
Management
of the
No.
Pigs for Profit,
By H.
Donkey, etc., etc.
E.
Fawccj.
10.
complete Guide to the Breeding, Rearing, and Management of Pigs ; Killing,Dressing the Caruase, Bacon of Pigs,Stye Building,etc., etc. By J. Walker. Curing, Ailments a
No.
Rearing
Chicken
Incubators, Selection
and
a
and
Treatise
Management
Rearing of Chickens
11.
by
Management
the
describingthe of Incubators
natural
and
Structure
and
artificial
of
Egg
an
Brooders, means.
of and
By
A.
Johnson.
W.
H. A
L. COLLINCRIDGE,
14g
A
149, Aldwssati
:
the
Street, London.
')'.
ADVERTISEMENTS.
Ppemiep
Honours
ESTABLISHED
at
1832.
ANT.
the
Successors
to
late
the
ROOZEN SPLENDID
Show.
Quinquennial
Opeat
CAPE,
Pallandt.
SON'S
AND
DUTCH,
Van
Baron
EXOTIC
AND
BULBS, HERBACEOUS
PLANTS, AND
SEEDS. F"txned
fox"
HiTovtli.
Sterling
Oar of tlie above, containing fall enltnral directions, are Descriptive OATALOGrTJES and JUNE, and will be sent PttBB pnblishe J in JANUARY on applicationto onr Offices to oar at OVEBVEBN, General Agents, or HAARLEM, HOLLAND,
MERTENS
Lane,
3i Cross
CONNECTION
NO
"
St. Mary WITH
OTHER
FIRM
J. NESS BOAT
and
Garden
seaRBOR"*,
Lawn
Boundary Net Makers, "c.
Tennis
strong, thoroughly repaired
Good,
NAME.
STORES,
SaNDSlDE,
12,
OF A SIMILAR
Co.,
"
FISHING
E.C.
Hill, LONDON,
at
ANY
CO.,
and
retanned, weatherproof small
protecting seed beds, young plants,wall and other fruit trees, strawberry beds, also for lawn tennis,boundary or fence mesh
Garden
nets,
any
fence
top and N,B."Tbe
for
to order.
length and width Netting, made
New
Our or
Netting,
nets,
thoroughly
are
for garden, tennis, boundary square mesh well dressed and weatherproof, and corded
on
bottom. Square
Mesb
Nets
are
the aai
We
can
also
supply
Football,
aolf,
Rabbit, Tpammel,
only
ones
that
cover
la
tall
both
length
width.
Stack,
Drag
Pea, and
Pheasant, other
Nets.
Cricket,
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