The Effectiveness of Santol Seed's Oil Extract as Biofuel
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People depend on our natural resources. The more our population increases the more resources are needed, and with some o...
Description
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF SANTOL (Sandoricum koetjape) SEEDS OIL EXTRACT AS A BIOFUEL
A Thesis Presente Presented d to the Faculty of of Bautista National High School Bautista, Pangasinan S.Y. 201!201"
By# $%SH&'' B. $A(%S A)ATHA A)ATHA F$*T+*& '. (AT&% (AT&% $%SS FA*TH '. BAN'A%* )rade10!SS
DR. RITCHIE G. MACALANDA
Ad-iser APPROVAL SHEET
*n artial fulfill/ent of the reuire/ents in $&S&A$H ** of the Secial Science urriculu/, urriculu/, this thesis entitled, “The Effectivene !f S"nt!# $S"n%!&ic'( )!et*"+e, See% Oi# E-t&"ct " "n A#te&n"tive Bi!f'e# as reared and su/itted y $oshell
$a/os, $oss Faith Banlaoi and Agatha Frit3ie (ateo and herey reco//ended for aro-al and accetance for oral e4a/ination. DR. RITCHIE G. MACALANDA
Ad-iser
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O&"# E-"(in"ti!n C!((ittee
Aro-ed Aro-ed y this co//ittee on the %ral %ral &4a/ination# &4a/ination#
OLIVIA P. P. UINTO U INTO hair/an
FEBREN V. VELASUE/ (e/er
FE ANNE THEA V. DE GU/MAN (e/er
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Acceted and aro-ed aro-ed in artial fulfil/ent fulfil/ent of of the reuire/ent reuire/ents s for $esearch $esearch **. **.
EDUARDO B. CASTILLO Princial *6
Ad-iser APPROVAL SHEET
*n artial fulfill/ent of the reuire/ents in $&S&A$H ** of the Secial Science urriculu/, urriculu/, this thesis entitled, “The Effectivene !f S"nt!# $S"n%!&ic'( )!et*"+e, See% Oi# E-t&"ct " "n A#te&n"tive Bi!f'e# as reared and su/itted y $oshell
$a/os, $oss Faith Banlaoi and Agatha Frit3ie (ateo and herey reco//ended for aro-al and accetance for oral e4a/ination. DR. RITCHIE G. MACALANDA
Ad-iser
555555555555555 5555555555555555555555 55555555555555 5555555555555 5555555555555 55555555555555 5555555555555 5555555555555 55555555555555 55555555 5
O&"# E-"(in"ti!n C!((ittee
Aro-ed Aro-ed y this co//ittee on the %ral %ral &4a/ination# &4a/ination#
OLIVIA P. P. UINTO U INTO hair/an
FEBREN V. VELASUE/ (e/er
FE ANNE THEA V. DE GU/MAN (e/er
555555555555555 5555555555555555555555 55555555555555 5555555555555 5555555555555 55555555555555 5555555555555 5555555555555 55555555555555 55555555 5
Acceted and aro-ed aro-ed in artial fulfil/ent fulfil/ent of of the reuire/ent reuire/ents s for $esearch $esearch **. **.
EDUARDO B. CASTILLO Princial *6
AC0NO1LEDGEMENT
The researchers ish to e4tend their rofound gratitude to those ho in di-erse ays shared in /a7ing this thesis or7 ossile. First and fore/ost, to the Al/ighty Father in hea-en ho is the ulti/ate source and fountain of their energy and insiration gi-ing the/ an oasis of co/fort at all ti/es a/idst desolation. To their fa/ilies, for their financial and /oral suort, rayers and insirations. Suorti-e Tito8s and Tita8s for the financial, /oral suort and lo-e. Their silings ho understood and guided the/ throughout the research. 'o-ing cousins, for the unending lo-e, suort and suggestions in /a7ing this thesis ossile. The hardor7ing ad-iser, 9r. $itchie (acalanda and other Science 9eart/ent teachers ho heled the/ in their financial needs, ho shared their riceless ti/e, 7noledge, suggestions and ser-ed as oundless insiration to the/. Their unforgettale and second fa/ily class/ates, the PB9 :;: Fa/ily< 10!SS, than7 you for the sto/ach aching laughter, tears, 7indness, lessons and great /e/ories e ha-e ha-e share shared d des desite ite of the diffic difficult ulties ies e are are under underta7 ta7in ing g due due to unend unending ing reuire/ents that has een gi-en to us. =e lo-e you to infinity lus one. And last ut not the least, to their secial so/eone, so/eone, their est friends, for the endless understanding desite of their differences and usy schedule. Than7 you and e lo-e you. ! Faith
$oshell, Agatha, $oss
DEDICATION
This $esearch $esearch or7 is co//ittedly and de-otedl de-otedly y dedicat dedicated ed to our efficie efficient nt $esearch ** ad-iser, 9r. $itchie ). (acalanda, to the faculty and staff of Bautista National High School, to the lo-e of our li-es, our fa/ilies, The $a/os Fa/ily, Banlaoi Fa/ily and (ateo Fa/ily and to )od Al/ighty.
! $oshell, Agatha > Faith
Ree"&ch A2t&"ct Tit#e3
?The ?The &ffect &ffecti-en i-eness ess of Santol Santol (Sandoricum Koetjape) Seeds %il &4tract as an
Alternati-e Alternati-e Biofuel@ Biofuel@ Ree"&che&3 $oshell B. $a/os
Agatha Frit3ie '. (ateo $oss Faith '. Banlaoi A%vie&3
9r. $itchie ). (acalanda
Sch!!#3
Bautista National High School Bautista, Pangasinan
555555555555555 5555555555555555555555 55555555555555 5555555555555 5555555555555 55555555555555 5555555555555 5555555555555 55555555555555 55555555 5 Peole deend on our natural resources. resources. The /ore our oulation oulation increases increases the /ore resources are needed, and ith so/e of our natural resources eing li/ited e are to face challenges. %ne of the /aor role/s the orld is e4eriencing today is the lac7 of fuel. *t is ecause fuels are 7non to e non!reneale resources, in hich it ta7es ti/e for it to e relaced and relenished. And the fact that e are taught ith 7noledge 7noledge and s7ills on ho to sur-i-e, it is natural for us to find solutions to our role/s, esecially if it is a ay for us to sustain our life. That is hy researchers ha-e een ta7ing interest on finding an alternati-e solution on the lac7ing of fuel.
This research study as conducted for the reason of ai/ing to hel conser-e the li/ited suly needed y unending de/and of the rising oulation and to deter/ine the effecti-eness of santol seed oil e4tract in using it as alternati-e iofuel.
The researchers conducted this in-estigation to hel the eole around to understand further use of lants as an ingredient of certain roducts that can e useful to /an7ind. This is also considered as eco!friendly ecause it can e used ithout causing any aste roducts. =ith this it /ay later hel the de-elo/ent of the econo/y. Secifically, this study sought to anser the folloing uestions# 1. =hat are the acti-e contituents of the Santol Seeds %il &4tract that can e used as iofuelC 2. *s there a significant difference eteen the Santol seed oil as a iofuel and the co//ercial one in ter/s of# a.o/ustiilityC ;. Ho effecti-e is the Santol Seeds %il &4tract as an alternati-e BiofuelD The researcher tested the null hyothesis at 0.0 le-el of significance. There as no significant difference in using the Santol seeds oil e4tract as an alternati-e iofuel and the co//ercial one. The laoratory analysis as conducted to identify the roerty of the Santol seeds that is resonsile for the oil iofuel. *t as conducted at 6irgen (ilagrosa Eni-ersity. The researchers used the e4eri/ental design in hich the rocedure and statistical treat/ents as deri-ed fro/ scientific e4eri/ents The folloing are the /aterials used y the researchers to e4tract the inner art of the Santol seedC Santol seeds, 7nife, scissors and trays. *n /a7ing the Santol seeds e4tract as iofuel the /aterials used ere the Santol Seeds, Bea7er, Stirring $od, &rlen/eyer Flas7, )raduated ylinder, Satula, (ortar and Pestle, =ater Bath, Test tue, Sodiu/ hydro4ide, )lycerin, (ethanol.
The researcher then reco//ends that further e4eri/ent should e conducted to test if other lants also ha-e otential as iofuel.
TABLE OF CONTENTS Page
i
Title page
Aro-al Sheet
ii
Ac7noledge/ent
iii
9edication
i-
Astract
-ii
CHAPTER 4.
THE PROBLEM
Bac7ground of the Study
1
oncetual Fra/eor7
;
$esearch Paradig/
;
State/ent of the Prole/
$esearch Hyothesis
Significance of the Study
Scoe and 9eli/itations
"
9efinition of Ter/s
"
5.
REVIE1 OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
$elated 'iterature
G
$elated Studies
11
6.
METHODOLOG7
$esearch 9esign
1;
(aterials and Procedure
1;
Flo hart
1
9ata )athering *nstru/ent
1"
Statistical Treat/ent of 9ata
1"
8.
PRESENTATION9 ANAL7SIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
:.
SUMMAR7 OF FINDINGS9 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Findings
2
onclusion
2"
$eco//endation
2:
B*B'*%)$APHY
2
APP&N9*&S
;0
E$$*E'E( 6*TA&
:
1G
hater 1 THE PROBLEM B"c);&!'n% !f the St'%<
The santol is elie-ed nati-e to for/er *ndochina and Peninsular (alaysia, and to ha-e een introduced into Sri 'an7a, *ndia, Borneo, *ndonesia, the (oluccas, (auritius, The Seychelles and the Philiines here it has eco/e naturali3ed. *t is also called Ya/aiI. *t is co//only culti-ated throughout these regions and the fruits are seasonally aundant in the local and international /ar7ets. Santol Tree is se-erely a troical tree and do not gro o-er 1000 /. *t is usually culti-ated in Asian countries and its fruits are aundant in local /ar7ets during the season. Santol itself is a -ery elegant y aearance and fast groing tree hich can attain height u to 0 /. *t also /a7es a good shade tree ith large li/e to dee green lea-es and offering occasional contrasting red lea-es. 'ea-es are tyically trifoliate, ut so/eti/es the nu/er of leaflets /ay e /ore leaflets roadly the o-ate to o-ate rectangle, faintly fragrant.
A -ery creati-e tree, it roduces eteen 1G,000 and 2,000 fruits er year. *t is har-ested y cla/ing the rien fruits. There are to -arieties of santol fruit, re-iously considered to different secies, the yello -ariety and the red. The difference is in the color that the older lea-es turn efore falling. The red aears to e /ore co//on and the reddish lea-es /i4ed ith the green ones add to the distinction and attracti-eness of the tree. The fruits are often the si3e, shae and slightly fu33y te4ture of eaches, ith a reddish tinge. Both tyes ha-e a s7in that /ay e a thin eel to a thic7er rind, according to the -ariety. *t is often edile and in so/e culti-ars /ay contain a /il7y uice. The central ul near the seeds /ay e seet or sour and contains inedile ron seeds. *n so/e -arieties the outer rind is thic7er and is the /ain edile ortion, ith a /ild eachy taste co/ined ith so/e taste and the uly te4ture of ales. *n others the outer rind is thinner and harder and the inner hitish ul around the seeds is eaten. This /ay e rather sour in /any culti-ars, hich has reduced the general accetance of the tree. (ost i/ro-ed -arieties ha-e increased thic7ness of the edile outer rind, hich can e eaten ith a soon lea-ing ust the outer s7in, and should increase the accetance of the santol orldide. The fruit gros on a fast!groing tree that /ay reach 10 feet in height. *t ears ried lea-es and in7 or yello!green floers aout 1 centi/eter long.
%n the other hand, fuels are any /aterials that store otential energy in for/s that can e racticaly released and used for or7 or as heat energy. The concet originally alied solely to those /aterials storing energy in the for/ of che/ical energy that could e released through co/ustion, ut the concet has since een also alied to other sources of heat energy such as Nuclear energy J-ia nuclear fission or nuclear fusion. The heat energy released y /any fuels is harnessed into /echanical energy -ia an engine. %ther ti/es the heat itself is -alued for ar/th, coo7ing, or industrial rocesses, as ell as the illu/ination that co/es ith co/ustion. Fuels are also used in the cells of organis/s in a rocess 7non as cellular resiration, here organic /olecules are o4idi3ed to release un!usale energy. Hydrocarons are y far the /ost co//on source of fuel used y hu/ans, ut other sustances, including radioacti-e /etals, are also utili3ed. Fuels are contrasted ith other /ethods of storing otential energy, such as those that directly release electrical energy Jsuch as atteries and caacitors or /echanical energy Jsuch as flyheels, srings, co/ressed air, or ater in a reser-oir. The first 7non use of fuel as the co/ustion of ood or stic7s y Ho/o erectus near 2,000,000 Jto /illion years ago.Kage neededL Throughout /ost of hu/an history fuels deri-ed fro/ lants or ani/al fat ere only used y hu/ans . harcoal, a ood deri-ati-e, has een used since at least ",000 B& for /elting /etals.
*t as only sulanted y co7e, deri-ed fro/ coal, as &uroean forests started to eco/e deleted around the 1Gth century. harcoal riuettes are no co//only used as a fuel for arecue coo7ing. oal as first used as a fuel around 1000 B& in hina. =ith the de-elo/ent of the stea/ engine in the Enited Mingdo/ in 1:", coal ca/e into /ore co//on use as a oer source. oal as later used to dri-e shis and loco/oti-es. By the 1th century, gas e4tracted fro/ coal as eing used for street lighting in 'ondon. *n the 20th and 21st centuries, the ri/ary use of coal is to generate electricity, ro-iding 0 of the orldIs electrical oer suly in 200. Fossil fuels ere raidly adoted during the industrial re-olution, ecause they ere /ore concentrated and fle4ile than traditional energy sources, such as ater oer. They ha-e eco/e a i-otal art of our conte/orary society, ith /ost countries in the orld urning fossil fuels in order to roduce oer. urrently the trend has een toards reneale fuels, such as iofuels li7e alcohols. Biofuels ha-e eco/e art of daily li-ing. =hen using the ord fuel, the tendency is to thin7 of a sustance that is /ainly used in transortation, house chores and /any /ore. The truth is iofuels are a /aor hel to us y /eans of relacing so/e of the hu/an energy needed in our ho/e heating to -ehicle fuel to electricity generation.
Biofuels can also hel our society to lessen the ollution in the air. Since the country is e4eriencing a raid oulation groth the tendency is that e create /ore air ollution. %ne cause of this ollution is the urning of fuels. And ith the raid increase of oulation hich triggers a de/and for igger suly in our fuels, the orld no is facing a role/, due to the fact that fuels are non! reneale resources. And also, ecause fuels hen transfor/ed to gas is said to har/ the en-iron/ent. That is hy the orld needs a fuel hich is considered or laeled as eco!friendly. 9ue to the aundance of Santol here in the Philiines and in other troical countries, the researcher thought of in-estigating and e4eri/enting the effecti-eness of Santol Seed %il as iofuel. *t has een noted y the researcher that the Santol Seed %il ha-e other constituents that can e used on, esecially al7aloids. This encouraged the researcher to find its ossiility of the Santol Seed %il on eco/ing a iofuel.
C!nce+t'"# F&"(e=!&)
The researcher /ade a diagra/ on ho to deter/ine the effecti-eness of Santol seeds oil e4tract as iofuel.
Ree"&ch P"&"%i;(
Figure 1. Shos the relationshi eteen the inut, rocess and outut of the research study.
Fi;'&e 4. $esearch Paradig/
The concet of this research as resented y research aradig/. This shos the relationshi eteen the inut, rocess, and outut of the research study. The focus of the study is to deter/ine the otential of santol seed oil e4tract as a iofuel.
St"te(ent !f the P&!2#e(> O2*ective
This study ai/s to test the effecti-eness of Santol Seeds %il as an alternati-e Biofuel. This study ill anser this uestions. 1. =hat are the acti-e contituents of the Santol Seeds %il &4tract that can e used as iofuelD 2. *s there a significant difference eteen the a/oo shoot as essential nutriti-e ancit enhancer and the co//ercial one in ter/s of#
o/ustiility
;. Ho effecti-e is the Santol Seeds %il &4tract as an alternati-e BiofuelD
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