The Effectiveness of Santol Seed's Oil Extract as Biofuel

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF SANTOL (Sandoricum koetjape) SEEDS OIL EXTRACT AS A BIOFUEL

 A Thesis Presente Presented d to the Faculty of  of  Bautista National High School Bautista, Pangasinan S.Y. 201!201"

By# $%SH&'' B. $A(%S  A)ATHA  A)ATHA F$*T+*& '. (AT&% (AT&% $%SS FA*TH '. BAN'A%* )rade10!SS

DR. RITCHIE G. MACALANDA

 Ad-iser  APPROVAL SHEET

*n artial fulfill/ent of the reuire/ents in $&S&A$H ** of the Secial Science urriculu/, urriculu/, this thesis entitled, “The Effectivene !f S"nt!# $S"n%!&ic'( )!et*"+e, See% Oi# E-t&"ct " "n A#te&n"tive Bi!f'e# as reared and su/itted y $oshell

$a/os, $oss Faith Banlaoi and Agatha Frit3ie (ateo and herey reco//ended for  aro-al and accetance for oral e4a/ination. DR. RITCHIE G. MACALANDA

 

Ad-iser 

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O&"# E-"(in"ti!n C!((ittee

 Aro-ed  Aro-ed y this co//ittee on the %ral %ral &4a/ination# &4a/ination#

OLIVIA P. P. UINTO U INTO hair/an

FEBREN V. VELASUE/ (e/er

FE ANNE THEA V. DE GU/MAN (e/er

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 Acceted and aro-ed aro-ed in artial fulfil/ent fulfil/ent of of the reuire/ent reuire/ents s for $esearch $esearch **. **.

EDUARDO B. CASTILLO Princial *6

 Ad-iser  APPROVAL SHEET

*n artial fulfill/ent of the reuire/ents in $&S&A$H ** of the Secial Science urriculu/, urriculu/, this thesis entitled, “The Effectivene !f S"nt!# $S"n%!&ic'( )!et*"+e, See% Oi# E-t&"ct " "n A#te&n"tive Bi!f'e# as reared and su/itted y $oshell

$a/os, $oss Faith Banlaoi and Agatha Frit3ie (ateo and herey reco//ended for  aro-al and accetance for oral e4a/ination. DR. RITCHIE G. MACALANDA

 

Ad-iser 

 555555555555555  5555555555555555555555 55555555555555 5555555555555 5555555555555 55555555555555 5555555555555 5555555555555 55555555555555 55555555  5 

O&"# E-"(in"ti!n C!((ittee

 Aro-ed  Aro-ed y this co//ittee on the %ral %ral &4a/ination# &4a/ination#

OLIVIA P. P. UINTO U INTO hair/an

FEBREN V. VELASUE/ (e/er

FE ANNE THEA V. DE GU/MAN (e/er

 555555555555555  5555555555555555555555 55555555555555 5555555555555 5555555555555 55555555555555 5555555555555 5555555555555 55555555555555 55555555  5 

 Acceted and aro-ed aro-ed in artial fulfil/ent fulfil/ent of of the reuire/ent reuire/ents s for $esearch $esearch **. **.

EDUARDO B. CASTILLO Princial *6

AC0NO1LEDGEMENT

The researchers ish to e4tend their rofound gratitude to those ho in di-erse ays shared in /a7ing this thesis or7 ossile. First and fore/ost, to the Al/ighty Father in hea-en ho is the ulti/ate source and fountain of their energy and insiration gi-ing the/ an oasis of co/fort at all ti/es a/idst desolation. To their fa/ilies, for their financial and /oral suort, rayers and insirations. Suorti-e Tito8s and Tita8s for the financial, /oral suort and lo-e. Their silings ho understood and guided the/ throughout the research. 'o-ing cousins, for the unending lo-e, suort and suggestions in /a7ing this thesis ossile. The hardor7ing ad-iser, 9r. $itchie (acalanda and other Science 9eart/ent teachers ho heled the/ in their financial needs, ho shared their riceless ti/e, 7noledge, suggestions and ser-ed as oundless insiration to the/. Their unforgettale and second fa/ily class/ates, the PB9 :;: Fa/ily< 10!SS, than7 you for the sto/ach aching laughter, tears, 7indness, lessons and great /e/ories e ha-e ha-e share shared d des desite ite of the diffic difficult ulties ies e are are under underta7 ta7in ing g due due to unend unending ing reuire/ents that has een gi-en to us. =e lo-e you to infinity lus one.  And last ut not the least, to their secial so/eone, so/eone, their est friends, for the endless understanding desite of their differences and usy schedule. Than7 you and e lo-e you. ! Faith

$oshell, Agatha, $oss

DEDICATION

This $esearch $esearch or7 is co//ittedly and de-otedl de-otedly y dedicat dedicated ed to our efficie efficient nt $esearch ** ad-iser, 9r. $itchie ). (acalanda, to the faculty and staff of Bautista National High School, to the lo-e of our li-es, our fa/ilies, The $a/os Fa/ily, Banlaoi Fa/ily and (ateo Fa/ily and to )od Al/ighty.

! $oshell, Agatha > Faith

Ree"&ch A2t&"ct Tit#e3

?The ?The &ffect &ffecti-en i-eness ess of Santol Santol (Sandoricum Koetjape)  Seeds %il &4tract as an

 Alternati-e  Alternati-e Biofuel@ Biofuel@ Ree"&che&3 $oshell B. $a/os

Agatha Frit3ie '. (ateo $oss Faith '. Banlaoi A%vie&3

9r. $itchie ). (acalanda

Sch!!#3

Bautista National High School Bautista, Pangasinan

 555555555555555  5555555555555555555555 55555555555555 5555555555555 5555555555555 55555555555555 5555555555555 5555555555555 55555555555555 55555555  5  Peole deend on our natural resources. resources. The /ore our oulation oulation increases increases the /ore resources are needed, and ith so/e of our natural resources eing li/ited e are to face challenges. %ne of the /aor role/s the orld is e4eriencing today is the lac7 of fuel. *t is ecause fuels are 7non to e non!reneale resources, in hich it ta7es ti/e for it to e relaced and relenished.  And the fact that e are taught ith 7noledge 7noledge and s7ills on ho to sur-i-e, it is natural for us to find solutions to our role/s, esecially if it is a ay for us to sustain our life. That is hy researchers ha-e een ta7ing interest on finding an alternati-e solution on the lac7ing of fuel.

This research study as conducted for the reason of ai/ing to hel conser-e the li/ited suly needed y unending de/and of the rising oulation and to deter/ine the effecti-eness of santol seed oil e4tract in using it as alternati-e iofuel.

The researchers conducted this in-estigation to hel the eole around to understand further use of lants as an ingredient of certain roducts that can e useful to /an7ind. This is also considered as eco!friendly ecause it can e used ithout causing any aste roducts. =ith this it /ay later hel the de-elo/ent of the econo/y. Secifically, this study sought to anser the folloing uestions# 1. =hat are the acti-e contituents of the Santol Seeds %il &4tract that can e used as iofuelC 2. *s there a significant difference eteen the Santol seed oil as a iofuel and the co//ercial one in ter/s of# a.o/ustiilityC ;. Ho effecti-e is the Santol Seeds %il &4tract as an alternati-e BiofuelD The researcher tested the null hyothesis at 0.0 le-el of significance. There as no significant difference in using the Santol seeds oil e4tract as an alternati-e iofuel and the co//ercial one. The laoratory analysis as conducted to identify the roerty of the Santol seeds that is resonsile for the oil iofuel. *t as conducted at 6irgen (ilagrosa Eni-ersity. The researchers used the e4eri/ental design in hich the rocedure and statistical treat/ents as deri-ed fro/ scientific e4eri/ents The folloing are the /aterials used y the researchers to e4tract the inner art of the Santol seedC Santol seeds, 7nife, scissors and trays. *n /a7ing the Santol seeds e4tract as iofuel the /aterials used ere the Santol Seeds, Bea7er, Stirring $od, &rlen/eyer Flas7, )raduated ylinder, Satula, (ortar and Pestle, =ater Bath, Test tue, Sodiu/ hydro4ide, )lycerin, (ethanol.

The researcher then reco//ends that further e4eri/ent should e conducted to test if other lants also ha-e otential as iofuel.

TABLE OF CONTENTS   Page

i

Title page

 Aro-al Sheet

ii

 Ac7noledge/ent

iii

9edication

i-

 Astract

-ii

CHAPTER 4.

THE PROBLEM

Bac7ground of the Study

1

oncetual Fra/eor7

;

$esearch Paradig/

;

State/ent of the Prole/



$esearch Hyothesis



Significance of the Study



Scoe and 9eli/itations

"

9efinition of Ter/s

"

5.

REVIE1 OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

$elated 'iterature

G

$elated Studies

11

6.

METHODOLOG7

$esearch 9esign

1;

(aterials and Procedure

1;

Flo hart

1

9ata )athering *nstru/ent

1"

Statistical Treat/ent of 9ata

1"

8.

PRESENTATION9 ANAL7SIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

:.

SUMMAR7 OF FINDINGS9 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

Findings

2

onclusion

2"

$eco//endation

2:

B*B'*%)$APHY

2

 APP&N9*&S

;0

E$$*E'E( 6*TA&

:

1G

hater 1 THE PROBLEM B"c);&!'n% !f the St'%<

The santol is elie-ed nati-e to for/er *ndochina and Peninsular (alaysia, and to ha-e een introduced into Sri 'an7a, *ndia, Borneo, *ndonesia, the (oluccas, (auritius, The Seychelles and the Philiines here it has eco/e naturali3ed. *t is also called Ya/aiI. *t is co//only culti-ated throughout these regions and the fruits are seasonally aundant in the local and international /ar7ets. Santol Tree is se-erely a troical tree and do not gro o-er 1000 /. *t is usually culti-ated in Asian countries and its fruits are aundant in local /ar7ets during the season. Santol itself is a -ery elegant y aearance and fast groing tree hich can attain height u to 0 /. *t also /a7es a good shade tree ith large li/e to dee green lea-es and offering occasional contrasting red lea-es. 'ea-es are tyically trifoliate, ut so/eti/es the nu/er of leaflets /ay e /ore leaflets roadly the o-ate to o-ate rectangle, faintly fragrant.

 A -ery creati-e tree, it roduces eteen 1G,000 and 2,000 fruits er year. *t is har-ested y cla/ing the rien fruits. There are to -arieties of santol fruit, re-iously considered to different secies, the yello -ariety and the red. The difference is in the color that the older  lea-es turn efore falling. The red aears to e /ore co//on and the reddish lea-es /i4ed ith the green ones add to the distinction and attracti-eness of the tree. The fruits are often the si3e, shae and slightly fu33y te4ture of eaches, ith a reddish tinge. Both tyes ha-e a s7in that /ay e a thin eel to a thic7er rind, according to the -ariety. *t is often edile and in so/e culti-ars /ay contain a /il7y uice. The central ul near the seeds /ay e seet or sour and contains inedile ron seeds. *n so/e -arieties the outer rind is thic7er and is the /ain edile ortion, ith a /ild eachy taste co/ined ith so/e taste and the uly te4ture of ales. *n others the outer rind is thinner and harder and the inner hitish ul around the seeds is eaten. This /ay e rather sour in /any culti-ars, hich has reduced the general accetance of the tree. (ost i/ro-ed -arieties ha-e increased thic7ness of the edile outer rind, hich can e eaten ith a soon lea-ing ust the outer s7in, and should increase the accetance of the santol orldide. The fruit gros on a fast!groing tree that /ay reach 10 feet in height. *t ears ried lea-es and in7 or yello!green floers aout 1 centi/eter long.

%n the other hand, fuels are any /aterials that store otential energy in for/s that can e racticaly released and used for or7 or as heat energy. The concet originally alied solely to those /aterials storing energy in the for/ of che/ical energy that could e released through co/ustion, ut the concet has since een also alied to other sources of heat energy such as Nuclear energy J-ia nuclear fission or nuclear  fusion. The heat energy released y /any fuels is harnessed into /echanical energy -ia an engine. %ther ti/es the heat itself is -alued for ar/th, coo7ing, or industrial rocesses, as ell as the illu/ination that co/es ith co/ustion. Fuels are also used in the cells of organis/s in a rocess 7non as cellular  resiration, here organic /olecules are o4idi3ed to release un!usale energy. Hydrocarons are y far the /ost co//on source of fuel used y hu/ans, ut other  sustances, including radioacti-e /etals, are also utili3ed. Fuels are contrasted ith other /ethods of storing otential energy, such as those that directly release electrical energy Jsuch as atteries and caacitors or  /echanical energy Jsuch as flyheels, srings, co/ressed air, or ater in a reser-oir. The first 7non use of fuel as the co/ustion of ood or stic7s y Ho/o erectus near 2,000,000 Jto /illion years ago.Kage neededL Throughout /ost of  hu/an history fuels deri-ed fro/ lants or ani/al fat ere only used y hu/ans . harcoal, a ood deri-ati-e, has een used since at least ",000 B& for /elting /etals.

*t as only sulanted y co7e, deri-ed fro/ coal, as &uroean forests started to eco/e deleted around the 1Gth century. harcoal riuettes are no co//only used as a fuel for arecue coo7ing. oal as first used as a fuel around 1000 B& in hina. =ith the de-elo/ent of the stea/ engine in the Enited Mingdo/ in 1:", coal ca/e into /ore co//on use as a oer source. oal as later used to dri-e shis and loco/oti-es. By the 1th century, gas e4tracted fro/ coal as eing used for street lighting in 'ondon. *n the 20th and 21st centuries, the ri/ary use of coal is to generate electricity, ro-iding 0 of the orldIs electrical oer suly in 200. Fossil fuels ere raidly adoted during the industrial re-olution, ecause they ere /ore concentrated and fle4ile than traditional energy sources, such as ater  oer. They ha-e eco/e a i-otal art of our conte/orary society, ith /ost countries in the orld urning fossil fuels in order to roduce oer. urrently the trend has een toards reneale fuels, such as iofuels li7e alcohols. Biofuels ha-e eco/e art of daily li-ing. =hen using the ord fuel, the tendency is to thin7 of a sustance that is /ainly used in transortation, house chores and /any /ore. The truth is iofuels are a /aor hel to us y /eans of relacing so/e of the hu/an energy needed in our ho/e heating to -ehicle fuel to electricity generation.

Biofuels can also hel our society to lessen the ollution in the air. Since the country is e4eriencing a raid oulation groth the tendency is that e create /ore air ollution. %ne cause of this ollution is the urning of fuels.  And ith the raid increase of oulation hich triggers a de/and for igger  suly in our fuels, the orld no is facing a role/, due to the fact that fuels are non! reneale resources. And also, ecause fuels hen transfor/ed to gas is said to har/ the en-iron/ent. That is hy the orld needs a fuel hich is considered or laeled as eco!friendly. 9ue to the aundance of Santol here in the Philiines and in other troical countries, the researcher thought of in-estigating and e4eri/enting the effecti-eness of Santol Seed %il as iofuel. *t has een noted y the researcher that the Santol Seed %il ha-e other constituents that can e used on, esecially al7aloids. This encouraged the researcher to find its ossiility of the Santol Seed %il on eco/ing a iofuel.

C!nce+t'"# F&"(e=!&)

The researcher /ade a diagra/ on ho to deter/ine the effecti-eness of Santol seeds oil e4tract as iofuel.

Ree"&ch P"&"%i;(

Figure 1. Shos the relationshi eteen the inut, rocess and outut of the research study.

Fi;'&e 4. $esearch Paradig/

The concet of this research as resented y research aradig/. This shos the relationshi eteen the inut, rocess, and outut of the research study. The focus of  the study is to deter/ine the otential of santol seed oil e4tract as a iofuel.

St"te(ent !f the P&!2#e(> O2*ective

This study ai/s to test the effecti-eness of Santol Seeds %il as an alternati-e Biofuel. This study ill anser this uestions. 1. =hat are the acti-e contituents of the Santol Seeds %il &4tract that can e used as iofuelD 2. *s there a significant difference eteen the a/oo shoot as essential nutriti-e ancit enhancer and the co//ercial one in ter/s of# 

o/ustiility

;. Ho effecti-e is the Santol Seeds %il &4tract as an alternati-e BiofuelD

H