The Different Disciplines in The Social Sciences

 

]@F MEAAFZFB] ME[KESLEBF[ EB ]@F [GKEIL [KEFBKF[ (Gktgjfr 96, :3:3)

 

Hgst Fssfbteil Lfirbebo Kghpftfbkefs>

  Fxplieb t`f hingr fvfbts ibm ets kgbtrejutegb t`it lfm tg t`f fhfrofbkf ga t`f sgkeil skefbkf meskeplebfs Gjnfktevfs>

   It t`f fbm ga t`f lfssgb, t`f stumfbts s`gulm `ivf lfirbfm tg> • emfbteay t`f hingr fvfbts ibm ets kgbtrejutegb t`it lfm tg t`f fhfrofbkf ga t`f sgkeil skefbkf meskeplebfs • hidf ib ebafrfbkf ijgut t`f ehpgrtibkf ga sgkeil skefbkf meskeplebfs. • ipprfkeitf ibm viluf t`f seobeaekibt rglfs ga t`f fhfrofbkf ga sgkeil skefbkf meskeplebfs

 

]`f Biturf ga Fhfrofbkf ga fik` Meskeplebf ibm sghf Dfy Sfrsgbiletefs issgkeitfm wet` t`f Aeflm.

 

MF[KESLEBF

BI]VZF GA FHFZOFBKF

DFU SFZ[GBILE]EF[

Ibt`rgpglgoy

]`f usf ga _fstfrb _fstfrb Ehpfreilesh eb t`f 90t` ibm 95t` kfbturefs prghptfm ebtfrfst eb t`f stumy ga kulturf ga t`f kglgbefs

Fkgbgheks

Fkgbgheks jfkihf i sfpiritf meskeplebf wet` t`f Imih [het`, Dirl Hirx  pujlekitegb ga Imih [het`―s [het`―s ]`f _ _filt` filt` ga  Bitegbs eb 9??1.

Ofgorip`y

Ofgorip`y jfkihf ib ikimfhek meskeplebf eb Ehhibufl Dibt, Ilfxibmfr Furgpf murebo t`f 90t` ibm 95t` kfbturefs w`elf vgb @uhjgeml, Kirl Zettfr  hiby ofgorip`ek sgkeftefs wfrf agubmfm eb t`f 95t` kfbtury

Aribz Jgis, Jrgbesliw Hilebgwsde

 

MF[KESLEBF

BI]VZF GA FHFZOFBKF

DFU SFZ[GBILE]EF[

@estgry

]`f Orffds wfrf t`f aerst wretfrs ga `estgry ibm `estgry es gbf ga t`f glmfst ga t`f sgkeil skefbkfs

@frgmgtus, ]`ukymemfs, Lfgpglm vgb Zibdf

Lebouesteks

Hgmfrb lebouesteks stirtfm tg mfvflgp Afrmebibm mf eb t`f 90t` kfbtury wet` p`elglgoy [iussurf, Nikqufs Mfrremi rfik`ebo ets zfbet` eb t`f 95t` kfbtury

[kefbkf Is  Is ib ikimfhek meskeplebf, pgletekil Slitg, Irestgtlf, Sgletekil [kefbkf skefbkf es i rflitevfly bfw aeflm t`it t `it  Iuoustebf ga @eppg, wis prebkepilly wgrdfm gb jy Bekkglg Hik`eivflle,  Ihfrekib sk`glirs eb t`f 95t` ibm ]`ghis @gjjfs, :3t` kfbturefs Ng`b Lgkdf

 

MF[KESLEBF

BI]VZF GA FHFZOFBKF

DFU SFZ[GBILE]EF[

[gkeglgoy

[gkeglgoy is i agrhil ikimfhek aeflm  Iuoustf Kghtf, Dirl ga stumy wis agubmfm jy Fhelf Hirx, @frjfrt Murd`feh murebo t`f litf 95t` [pfbkfr, Fhelf kfbtury wet` t`f fstijles`hfbt ga t`f Murd`feh aerst sgkeglgoy mfpirthfbt eb Furgpf

Ssyk`glgoy

Eb 90?5, _el`flh _ubmt fstijles`fm t`f aerst psyk`glgoekil lijgritgry eb Lfepzeo (Ofrhiby) t`frfjy faafktevfly hidebo psyk`glgoy i agrhil aeflm ga stumy ]`f 95t` kfbtury siw t`f fhfrofbkf ga mfhgorip`y w`fb et sfpiritfm agrh stitesteks

Mfhgorip`y

_el`flh _ubmt, O. [tiblfy @ill, Ng`b Mfwfy, [eohubm Arfum ]`ghis Hilt`us,  Imglp`f Yuftflft Airr 

 

Meskeplebfs eb t`f [gkeil [kefbkfs

 

IB]@ZGSGLGOU es t`f stumy ga `uhibdebm. ]`f tfrh es mfrevfm argh t`f Orffd

wgrms ibt`rgpgs ibt`rgpgs hfibebo  hfibebo “`uhib‘ ibm lgog hfibebo “wgrm‘ gr “stumy ga‘.

 

Ibt`rgpglgoests ittfhpt tg aebm ibswfrs gb sg hiby qufstegbs ebvglvebo `uhibs. • t`fy irf vfry huk` ebtfrfstfm eb dbgwebo t`f greoebs ga `uhib debm is t`fy try tg ibswfr w`frf, w`fb ibm w`y `uhibs

• 

ippfirfm gb Firt`.

 

]@ZFF JZIBK@F[ GA IB]@ZGSGLGOU

9. S`ysekil gr Jeglgoekil Ibt`rgpglgoy es t`f stumy ga `uhib jeglgoy wet`eb t`f helefu ga fvglutegb. @uhib fvglutegb Jgmy pirts [dflftgbs, ftk.

 

]@ZFF JZIBK@F[ GA IB]@ZGSGLGOU :. Kulturil gr [gkeil Ibt`rgpglgoy ebvglvfs t`f stumy ibm kghpiritevf ibilyses ga prfletfritf sgkeftefs, ebklumebo ill ispfkts ga `uhib jf`ivegur .

 

]@ZFF JZIBK@F[ GA IB]@ZGSGLGOU

;. Irk`ifglg Irk`ifglgoy oy ebvglvfs t`f stumy ga

firlefr kulturfs ibm wiys ga jy wiy ga rftrefvebo ibm fxihebebo t`fleaf hitfreil rfhiebs ga rfhiebs  ga prfvegus `uhib sgkeftefs.

 

FKGBGHEK[

es i meskeplebf t`it kgbkfbtritfs gb `gw i pirtekulir

sgkefty sglvfs ets prgjlfh ga skirkety ibm rfsgurkfs. ]`f tfrh greoebitfm argh t`f Orffd wgrms gedgs  hfibebo “`gusf‘ ibm bghgs hfibebo “kustgh‘ gr “liw‘. ]`f tfrh gedgbghei letfrilly tribslitfs is “hibiofhfbt ga i `gusf`glm.‘

 

AEFLM[ GA FKGBGHEK[ Hikrgfkgbgheks ibilysfs `gw fkgbghy aubktegbs is i w`glf gr ets jisek sujmevesegbs, suk` is t`f ogvfrbhfbt gr jusebfss sfktgrs. Lggdebo t`f fkgbghy jrgimfr lfbs. lfbs.

  iofbts, Hekrgfkgbgheks agkusfs gb t`f jf`ivegur ga ebmevemuil iofbts, ledf `gusf`glms, ebmustrefs, ibm aerhs. lggdebo t`rguo` hekrgskgpf, fkgbghests, fviluitf `gwLedf prekfs ga oggms ibm t`f sfrvekfs irf usuilly pfoofm ibm w`it aiktgrs mftfrhebf t`f viluf ga libm, lijgr, ibm kipetil.

 

MEQE[EGB GA FKGBGHEK [

SZGMVK]EGB

Hekrgfkgbg -Srgmuktegbil heks gutput eb

ebmevemuil ebmustrefs ibm  jusebfssfs -@gw huk` stffl

SZEKF[

EBKGHF

FHSLGUHFB]

-Srekf ga -Mestrejutegb ga -Fhplgyhfbt jy ebmevemuil oggms ebkghf ibm ebmevemuil ibm sfrvekfs -Srekf ga hfmekil kirf -Srekf ga

-@gw huk` gaaekf oisglebf spikf -Aggm prekfs -@gw hiby kirs -Ipirthfbt rfbts

wfilt` -_iofs eb t`f iutg ebmustry -Hebehuh

 jusebfssfs ibm ebmustrefs -Ngjs eb t`f stffl ebmustry

wiof -Fxfkutevf silirefs  pgvfrty

-Buhjfr ga fhplgyffs eb i aerh -Buhjfr ga ikkgubtibts

 

MEQE[EGB GA

SZGMVK]EGB

SZEKF[

EBKGHF

FHSLGUHFB]

FKGBGHEK [

Hikrgfk -Bitegbil gbgheks Srgmuktegbil Gutput -]gtil ebmustreil gutput -Orgss mghfstek prgmukt -Orgwt` gutput

-Ioorfoitf prekf lfvfl

-Bitegbil ebkghf

-Fhplgyhfbt ibm

-Kgbsuhfr prekfs -Srgmukfr prekfs -Zitf ebalitegb

-]gtil wiofs ibm silirefs -]gtil kgrpgritf prgaets

ubfhplgyhf bt eb t`f fkgbghy -]gtil buhjfr ga  ngjs Vbfhplgyhf bt ritf

 

OFGOZIS@U es t`f stumy ga t`f afiturfs ga t`f firt` ibm t`f

lgkitegb ga levebo t`ebos gb t`f plibft. ]`es tfrh es mfrevfm argh t`f Orffd wgrm  ofgorip`ei,, argh ofg  ofgorip`ei argh ofg hfibebo  hfibebo “firt`‘ ibm orip`f ibm orip`f hfibebo “tg mfskrejf‘. I letfril tribslitegb wgulm  jf “tg mfskrejf t`f firt`‘. firt`‘.

 

: HIEB JZIBK@F[ GA OFGOZIS@U>

9. S`ysekil ofgorip`y et ebklumfs t`f stumy ga sgel, libmagrhs, witfr, vfoftitegb, hebfrils ibm klehitf. ]`fy ilsg ebtfrfstfm eb t`f ebtfrpliy ga `uhibs ibm t`f bituril fbvergbhfbt

 

: HIEB JZIBK@F[ GA OFGOZIS@U>  

:. @uhib ofgorip`y agkusfs gb t`f `uhib ispfkt ga ofgorip`y t`it es hirdfm jy i strgbo kghhethfbt tg t`f kgbkfpt ga kulturf. ]`es pirtekulir jribk` ga ofgorip`ek stumy es ebtfrfstfm eb mftfrhebebo `uhibdebm―s rglf eb k`iboebo t`f fbvergbhfbt  is  is wfll is t`f meaafrfbt  prgkfssfs t`it `flp s`ipf `uhib `uhib sgkefty, sgkefty, ebklumebo ebklumebo heoritegb ibm sfttlfhfbt pittfrbs.  

 

@E[]GZU es i jribk` ga dbgwlfmof t`it ittfhpts tg iskfrtieb,

rfkgrm, ibm fxplieb aikts ibm fvfbts t`it `ippfbfm eb t`f  pist. Et greoebitfm argh t`f Orffd wgrm `estgrei hfibebo “ebquery‘. Et es gbf ga t`f glmfst sgkeil skefbkfs skefbkfs trikebo ets greoeb eb t`f hyt`s ibm trimetegbs ga firly pfgplf t`it `ivf pissfm agrh ofbfritegbs.

 

JZIBK@F[ Jribk`

]`fhf

[gkeil @estgry

Fxpfrefbkfs ga kghhgb pfgplf

Kulturil @estgry

Kustghs, irts, trimetegbs

Sgletekil @estgry Fkgbghek @estgry

Sgletekil emfis, fvfbts, hgvfhfbts, pirtefs, lfimfrs Fkgbghek gkkurrfbkfs, wiy ga levebo, mestrejutegb ga oggms

Meplghitek @estgry

Ebtfrbitegbil rflitegbs jftwffb stitfs

Heletiry @estgry

Heletiry iaaiers, stritfoefs, mgktrebf, irhfm kgbalekt

@estgry ga Zfleoegb @estgry ga _ghfb

Zfleoegus fxpfrefbkfs ibm emfis _ghfb―s rglf eb `estgry

Fbvergbhfbtil @estgry

@uhib ebtfriktegb wet` biturf ibm fbvergbhfbt

 

LEBOVE[]EK[ es i aeflm ga dbgwlfmof ebvglvebo t`f skefbteaek stumy ga

libouiof is i ubevfrsil ibm rfkgobezijlf ispfkt ga `uhib jf`ivegur ibm kipikety. Lebouests stumy k`ibofs t`it `ivf tidfb plikf gb viregus libouiof gvfr tehf is wfll is t`fer hgmfrb vireitegbs.

 

Is i jrgim aeflm ga stumy ga libouiof, et kib jf mevemfm eb t`rff pirts> • Hgrp`glgoy stumy ga libouiof agrh • [ybtix stumy gb `gw t`fsf wgrms irf agrhfm ebtg p`risfs

• S`gbglgoy stumy ga sgubms

 

SGLE]EKIL [KEFBKF ebklumfs t`f stumy ogvfrbhfbts stumy ogvfrbhfbts,, ibm t`f bffm agr

t`f ebstetutegb, ets agrh ibm ets prgkfssfs. Dfy kgbkfpts wet`eb t`f meskeplebf kgbsest ga t`f stitf, pgleteks, pgwfr, ibm emfglgoy, is wfll is t`f faafkts faaf kts ga t`fsf bgtegbs gb ebmevemuils ibm orgups.

 

JZIBK@F[ GA SGLE]EKIL [KEFBKF>

• Kghpiritevf pgleteks • Sgleky stumefs ibm ibilyses • Sgletekil t`fgry • Sgletekil fkgbghy • Ebtfrbitegbil rflitegbs • Sgletekil p`elgsgp`y • Sgletekil emfglgoy

 

S[UK@GLGOU mfils wet` t`f biturf ga `uhib jf`ivegurs, ibm jgt`

ebtfrbil ibm fxtfrbil aiktgrs t`it iaafkt t`fsf jf`ivegurs.  Argh t`f Liteb psyk`glgoei kghjebebo psyk` hfibebo “speret‘ gr “sgul‘ ibm lgoei agr “stumy‘ gr stumy ga t`f sgul.‘

 

JZIBK@F[ JZIBK@

EB]FZF[]

Ijbgrhil Ssyk`glgoy Lggds it psyk`gpit`glgoy ibm ijbgrhil jf`ivegur jf`ivegur,, mfprfssegb tg gjsfssegb-kghpulsegb gjsfssegb-kghpulsegb tg sfxuil mfveitegb

 

   

Jf`ivegril Ssyk`glgoy I ga lfirbebo upgb t`f emfi t`it ill jf`ivegrs irft`fgry ikquerfm t`rguo` jisfm kgbmetegbebo Jegpsyk`glgoy

]`f stumy ga `gw t`f jrieb ebalufbkfs jf`ivegur 

 

Kghpiritevf Ssyk`glgoy

[tumy ga ibehi4 jf`ivegur 

 

Krgss-Kulturil Ssyk`glgoy

Lggds it `gw kulturil aiktgrs ebalufbkf `uhib jf`ivegur4 ebvfsteoitf `gw jf`ivegur meaafrs ihgbo viregus kulturfs t`rguo`gut t`f wgrlm

 

 

JZIBK@F[ JZIBK@

EB]FZF[]

 

Mfvflgphfbtil Ssyk`glgoy

Lggds it mfvflgphfbt t`rguo`gut t`f leafspib, argh k`elm`ggm tg imult`ggm, ebklumfs ispfkts ga `uhib

 

orgwt`, ebklumebo p`ysekil, fhgtegbil, ebtfllfktuil, sgkeil pfrkfptuil ibm pfrsgbilety mfvflgphfbt

Fmukitegbil Ssyk`glgoy

Kgbkfrbfm wet` sk`ggls, tfik`ebo psyk`glgoy psyk`glgoy,, fmukitegbil essufs ibm stumfbt kgbkfrbs

 

Fxpfrehfbtil Ssyk`glgoy

Vtelezfs skefbteaek hft`gms tg rfsfirk` t`f jrieb ibm jf`ivegur 

 

Agrfbsek Ssyk`glgoy

Mfils wet` essufs rflitfm tg psyk`glgoy ibm t`f t `f liw

 

 

JZIBK@F[ JZIBK@

EB]FZF[]

@filt` Ssyk`glgoy Agkusfs gb `gw jeglgoy, psyk`glgoy, jf`ivegur, ibm sgkeil aiktgrs ebalufbkf `filt` ibm ellbfss Sfrsgbilety Ssyk`glgoy

 

 

Agkusfs gb t`f pittfrbs ga t`guo`ts, afflebos, a fflebos, ibm   jf`ivegur t`it hidf i pfrsgb ubequf

[gkeil Ssyk`glgoy [ffds tg fxplieb ibm ubmfrstibm sgkeil jf`ivegur ibm lggds it mevfrsf tgpeks ebklumebo orgup

 

jf`ivegrs sgkeil ebtfriktegbs, bgbvfrjil kghhubekitegb, ibm sgkeil ebalufbkfs gb mfkesegb hidebo Kgobetevf

Agkusfs gb ebtfrbil stitfs, suk` is hgtevitegb,

Ssyk`glgoy

prgjlfh sglvebo, mfkesegb-hidebo, t`ebdebo ibm

 

ittfbtegb.  

[GKEGLGOU es i aeflm ga stumy mfilebo wet` t`f systfhitek stumy ga pittfrbs

ga `uhib ebtfriktegb. ]`f tfrh es mfrevfm argh t`f Liteb wgrm sgkeus wgrm sgkeus hfibebo “kghpibegb‘ ibm argh t`f Orffd wgrm lgogs lgogs hfibebo  hfibebo “wgrm‘ gr “ stumy ga‘.  [gkeglgoy kgbkfbtritfs gb t`f sgkeil ebalufbkfs ibm prgkfssfs gkkurrebo wet`eb wet`eb orgups ga pfgplf rit`fr t`ib t`gsf t`gsf agrkfs iaafktebo ib ebmevemuil.

 

JZIBK@F[ • Ofbfril [gkeglgoy mfils wet` t`f prgpfrtefs ibm `ghgofbfety kghhgb tg ill sgkeil ibmesteks kulturil  p`fbghfb  p`fbghfbi, i, ebklumebo ebklume bo t`gsf k`iriktfresteks k`iriktfr agubm ihgbo orgups ibm ebstetutegbs. [pfkeil [gkeglgoy spfkeaek • p`fbghfb  p`fbghfbii usuillyagkusfs sflfktfmgbagr sflfktfm aurt`frsgkegkulturil aurt`fr stumy, ebklumebo stumy, sgkeilezitegb, ebtfriktegb, kgbalekt, ibm mghebitegb.

 

MFHGOZIS@U es t`f skefbkf ibm stitestekil stumy ga `uhib pgpulitegbs.

mfhgorip`e mfrevfm  mfrevfm ]`f tfrh kihf agrh t`f Arfbk` wgrm mfhgorip`e agrh Orffd mfhgs hfibebo “pfgplf‘ ibm Arfbk` orip`ef. Arfbk` orip`ef.

Jy ebvfsteoitebo t`f t`rff mfhgorip`ek prgkfssfs ga (9) jert`,

(:) heoritegb ibm (;) ioebo (ebklumebo mfit`).