The Complete Illustrated Book to Herbs Growing, Health and Beauty, Cooking, Crafts.pdf

The Complete Illustrated Book of

Growing

•

Health

&

Beauty

•

Cooking

•

Crafts

A READER S DIGEST BOOK

2009 T�e Reader's D•gr�t Assot1at10n. Inc

ngh

res rved Unauthonzed reproduct1on. m any manner, IS proh1blled.

R ader s D11) 5tiS a

reg1stered uademark

of Tite Reader's Dll)eSt Assoc1at1on. Inc.

READER'S DIGEST GENERAL BOOKS AUSTRALIA Project Editor: lynn Le� Designer: A

•x

Frampton

Editor: S �rah Baker Sub-editors: Elizabeth Connolly. Mon1que G1ll Photographers: Andre Martrn (all chapters except Gardemng);

Ct 5 L. Jones (Gardenmgt Stylists: Lou•se 81tkle (all chapters except Cooking).

Gab 1 11e Wheatley (Cookmg) Picture Researcher: Joanna Collard Picture Rights Coordinator: Natalie Z1Z1c Illustrator: Margaret Cory (garden plan). Stephen Polhn Proofreader: Susm Ch� Editorial Project Manager: Deborah NIXOn Production Manager: Janelle Gars1de Consultants and Writers: Pamela Allard1ce; Keran Barren.

Georgma Bncon. Jamne Flew; Lynn Lew1s; Dr. Judyth A. Mcleod; Cathryn R1ch; Jayne Tancred; Gabnelle Wheatley Editorial Director: Ela1ne Russell Managing Editor: Rosemary McDonald

Art Director: Carole Orbell

READER'S DIGEST TRADE PUBLISHING U.S. Project Editor: Barbara Booth Canadian Project Editor: Pamela Johnson Project Production Coordinator: Wayne Mornson Proofreader: Em1ly B11)el� Cover Designer: Jenn1ferTokarskJ Senior Art Director: Georl)e McKeon Executive Editor: Dolores Yor1< Manufacturing Manager: Elllilbeth Dmda VIce President, U.S. Operations: M1chael Braunschwe11)er Associate Publisher: Rosanne McManus President and Publisher: Harold Clar1Of\ morpiJd 1 dl'. lndlg. mo1st IJill'l'. and 1111 mt>rhdnb. It gm11s to a hour() rt. ( I.D ml and h gn•enish

l\ o r l t111 ltlt•. dong qudl ll'>t'd 1\IJtiH'n\ mt'lilclnt• it' 'malc

11 hllr

lhl\\t>rs.

1s ont' ol thr must rommo11ll

lwrt1s. In

lldtltllondl C:lllnt>sr

11 1s con,idl'rt•cl

a

ldluaillt• tonit lm tlw

rtproducliH' 'i) srem ancl 1s ust•t l lo

tn\11

II!JII\ lllrnstrual anciHI!'IIop�u�al '' 1npto1Jh.

An i s e Ptmptnello onisum Apraceae \n i sr is n· ·ponsi lllr for m uc h of t h e "l icorice·· fla\ o r i n g in IJa�cd goods . l iqu

-

pice

mix (ingredient, pi LUred below) and in Indian garam masala. )ou can u e tar anr e lvholr. broken. or ground.

dd it to pork. chrcken. or

duck

Insert a whole star anise

tews.

mto lhe cavity or a chicken or du k before roa Ling.

• Posi tion Anise prefers an enriched,

Bockhousia anisoto. Part used: leaves. The

light, well-drained and fairly neutral soil.

essentral oil of aniseed myrtle is believed

• Propagation Sow anise seed direc ly

to be srmilar to that of anise, although

in spring. Propagate Chi nese star anise

little is known of its medicinal use. Some

by semi-ripe cuttings; they will grow i n

studies suggest i t may have i m portant

well-drained but moist, acidic soil i n light

antimicrobial properties.

shade. Propagate aniseed myrtle from semi-hardwood cuttings. It is quite hardy, w i ll grow in full sunlight, and prefers a

204, and Wind, bloating and flatulence,

deep, rich, moist acidic soil.

page 206. For an iseed myrtle consult your

• Maintenance Keep anise free of weeds.

healthcare professional. Do not use these

• Pests and d i seases Anise repels

herbs in greater than culrnary quantities

aphids and attracts beneficial i nsects,

if you are pregnant or breastfeeding.

such as parasitoid wasps.

• H a rvest ing and storing Cut anise

• Cook i n

when the seeds are fully developed. Tie

Anise seeds and oil are used throughout

bunches inside paper bags and hang

Europe i n drinks such as the French pastis,

them upside down to dry and catch the

the Greek ouzo, and Turkish raki. Use the

seed. Harvest leaves as required, and dig

seeds whole or crushed, but for the best

up roots in autumn. H arvest star a nise

flavor grind them as you need them.

fruits just before ripening, and harvest

Use them i n bakery goods, confectionery,

firm leaves of aniseed myrtle at any time.

tomato-based dishes, vegetable and

• H r b al med i c i n e

seafood d ishes, curries, pickles, soups, and stews. Add the young leaves sparingly to

Pimpinella anisum, Illicium verum.

green salads, fish dishes, fruit salads, and

Part used: dried ripe fruits. Anise and

cooked vegetables.

its Chinese equivalent, star anise, are Sichuan p�p�r 2. Cassia 3. Clov� 4. Star anisr 5. n,nn�l s�rds 1

For the safe and appropriate use of anise and star anise, see Indigestion, page

The leaves of aniseed myrtle are a major

used medicinally for similar purposes.

Australian bush-food spice. Use dried or

Despite belonging to different plant

fresh to flavor desserts, preserves, sweet or

famil ies, the essential oils derived from

savory sauces, and marinades.

An i s e hy s s op Agastache foeniculum syn. A. anethiodoro Lam1aceae l a ny agas tachc have rragrant roliagc. t he i r ·ce n t s ranging rrom ani,e to m in t and

i t ru ·. The lca\CS a re u sed t o m a ke hel'hal t e a . ror

hich navoring. a n d in rnedi i nc'. \vh i le t hf' o m a m e nLal flowe r 'Pi ke,. w a t t ra c t benencial i n,cc t s . mal han· hllrd the pots.

Coneflower Roots, leaves, flowers, seed while retaming their herbal potency. They include 'Magnus: w1th rose-purple flowers; 'White Swan: which is believed to have a similar potency to the pink forms: and the large-flowered 'Primadonna' series, available in deep rose and pure white. The extraordinary 'Doppelganger' has a crownlike second tier of petals emerging from the top of the cone. 'Fancy Frills' resembles a fragrant pink sunflower. Narrow leaf echinacea (E. ongustifolia) and pale purple echinacea (E. pol/ida) are more potent medicinally than E. purpureo. Yellow echinacea or yellow conefiower

E. pol/ida. Parts used: roots, aerial parts.

(E. paradoxa) is a handsome species that

Echinacea's reputation as an effective

has large fiowers with narrow yellow petals

treatment for the common cold, flu and

and a chocolate center. Its roots have

acute upper respiratory infections has

similar properties to those of E. pal/ida.

been the focus of extensive scientific

• Position Echinaceas require a well­

research. The results of many clinical

drained, sunny position. The plants are

trials indicate that echinacea can indeed

deep-rooted and, i f grown in areas with

reduce the symptoms a nd duration of

shallow soil, should be planted into raised

such conditions.

beds. They are drought resistant once they Eminac�a {Echinac�a sp.]

H e l' b a l m e d i c i n e Echinacea angustifolia, E. purpureo,

Traditionally, echinacea has been used

are established.

as a popular and valuable herbal remedy

• Propagation Echinaceas are perennials,

for the treatment of many contagious

and can be divided in autumn and spring

illnesses and skin infections. It has a significant immune-stim ulating effect,

• G a rd e n i n g

or propagated by root cuttings. However, most propagation is by seed, which will

enhancing the body's ability to fight

There are nine species of echinacea, all

germinate more readily after stratification

off bacteria, viruses and other disease­ causing microorganisms.

North Amencan, of wh1ch three are

(see box above).

commonly used medicinally. Echinocea

• Mai ntenance Plants requ1re little

purpurea syn. Rudbeckia purpurea is the

except watering and weeding.

weakened immune systems due to

Consequently, individuals who have

best known and the most widely grown

• Pests and d i seases No serious pests

prolonged ill health or drug therapy

species. Its roots are the most potent part

or diseases are likely to occur.

may also benefit from using echinacea.

of the plant, but the leaves and seeds are

• H a rvesting and storing Dig up the

For the safe and appropriate use of

also used i n herbal medicine.

roots of mature plants i n autumn, then

echinacea, see I m mune support, page 202.

• Varieties A number of varieties are

clean and d ry them. Gather flowers and

Do not use echinacea if you are pregnant

valued as ornamentals and as cut fiowers

foliage from mature plants as required.

or breastfeeding.

E lder Sambucus nigra Caprifoliaceae There is a con t i n u i ng be l ief in t h e m � .· l ical a n d m agica l JlO\\ C'r' of the elder. :o man

people as� t he t ree· pe r m ission before h a r\P . l i ng i l.

flowers or be rries. Th and to fla\ or de Other c

Parts us

crt

flowe r · a r

u cel l o hrC\\ elde rflower cham pagne

\\' h i lc t h e berric

a rc t h e n u t ri t ional equal of grape

mo na s Bore tree, devil's wood, Frau Holle, Judas tree, pipe tree Flowers. ripe berries, leaves (insecticidal only)

• G a rd n i n g

• Position These cold-hardy plants

The European elder is a multi-stemmed

prefer a moist but well-drained, humus­

shrub-tree with deep green compound

rich soil and full sun to partial shade.

leaves that repel flies. mosquitoes and

• Propagation Collect fresh seed i n

midgets. The large lacy inflorescences bear tiny, creamy white, fragrant flowers.

autumn o r stratify older seed for 4 weeks

The leaves. bark. green berries and roots

suckers, by semi-ripe wood cuttings taken

(see page 44). Alternatively, propagate by

Elder (Sambucus nigra)

are poisonous if consumed.

in late summer or by cuttings of ripe

• Varieties Ornamental varieties of elder

wood in autumn.

include 'Black Lace' syn. 'Eva; with finely

• Pests and d iseases Elder is resistant

Sambucus nigra. Pa rts used : flowers,

cut purple-black foliage and pink flowers;

to honey fungus. To repel aphids, mites,

berries. Elder flowers and berries have a

'Black Beauty' syn. 'Gerda; with similar

leafhoppers, whitefly and cabbage loopers

long history of use for alleviating he

colonng, and the bronze-purple semi­

from the garden, make a strong infusion

symptoms of colds and flu. i n particular

dwarf 'Guincho Purple' syn. 'Purpurea:

of the leaves.

fever and congestion of the nose and

European red elder (5. racemosa}, which

• H a rvest i n g and storing Harvest the

sinuses. Elder flowers have a lso been

has large bunches of red berries. is also

berries when hey are black. Pick flowers

used to reduce mucus production in hay

used herbally, while the 'Sutherland Gold'

early on a dewless morning, spread the

fever. sinusitis and middle-ear infections.

and 'Piumosa Aurea' varieties both have

heads on clean kitchen paper and leave i n

golden foliage.

a warm, dark, dry place for several days.

1 rcrbal med i c i n e

Recently, clinical trials found that a commercial elderberry syrup reduced both the symptoms and duration of flu i n sufferers. Laboratory studies suggest that constituents in the berries may activate certain i mmune cells and act d i rectly on

I n man� pam of Europe. rldrr wa

viruses to reduce their infectivity.

·

For the safe and appropnate use

ll ed in mag1c a n d med1c10r. acquinng )lame surh a

of elder, see Sore throats, colds and flu,

Frau Holle ( ll u ld a ) for

its association With th

page 200. Do not use elder if you are

goddrss or

death. tran rormallon and

pregnant or breastfeeding.

l la i iOI\CPn.

and dev11'· wood a n d J udas t rer ror

Coo " i ng

1t · mrdlr\ a l association \\ l l h Chi'ISI's

Use the fresh flowers to make elderflower wine or cord1al or an herbal 1nfusion ; such

cro. s: J udas w as �aid to ha\t' IJe n hanged rrom the bough or an 1•ldrr.

& rr� Jie�?UY, rehWtJec/,

iflv �jUJiMJIWU!YjUflv

w

wert!/ Of'lee/

tAMYI fo

�£!//ldet¥.

processmg results in a pleasant floral­ asting beverage. H1gh in vi tamms A and C, the berry JUICe is ermented to produce elderberry wine. Freeze the berries for later use, but cook them for a few m mutes first and use them in baked goods.

E u c a lyp t u s Euc'Jiypcus sp , Corymbia sp. Myrtaceae l .d rge l \ i n d igt•nous 10 \ u � t ra l i a . l iH' L ' liCdl'v J l i S d i'L' I ' I C h in t'N' I I l ia l n i h l lltil t�re \ il l tl t ' d I o 1 ho i ll i l l l ' i r nwd i c l n tl l c� p p l ica l io n � a n d ! h e i r fragra ncrcau·e tht' 1011 - n u t rt rnl gum leaH'S thai rorm the major pan or Lhetr d t r t requtrr a l,lreaL

deal

of tligesling and gt\(' them little energy.

used to relieve muscle aches and joint pain. For the safe and appropriate use of eucalyptus, consult your healthcare professional. Do not use eucalyptus if you are pregnant or breastfeeding. Opposite. Eucalyptus globulus. lt ta es 11 lb. (5 k.g) of l�av�s to produce 1 .5 fl. oz (50 ml) of pur� oil.

E ve n i ng pri m ro s e Oenothera sp. Onagraceae Til(' hPa u l i f u l onl' o l l iH' o l ! l r • s L - k tHJ\\ n c rop p l a n t s .

H. \rn ll tllng t o horehound

of li1 in� a

• G a nl e n i n o

• Variety A very attrac ive, heavily

White horehound 1s a perenn1al w1th

wh1te-vanegated form of B. mgro,

attrac ive crinkled, downy, gray-whi e.

'Archer's Variety; has deep green,

toothed foliage. The small whi e flowers,

toothed leaves and small, hairy,

borne in summer, are densely clustered

tubular lilac (rarely white) flowers

in successive upper leaf axlls. The plant

borne in whorls 1n the upper stem

yields an aromatiC bi ter juice with a

axils. The scent IS rather disagreeable.

Black horehound (Bolloto nigra), a

1

·

one· or tht•

h1ttr·r

ht•rbs t•atrn to �mbollz� l hr ha1 'hnl''s

Leaves, flowering tops

d istmct1ve and not unpleasant smell.

Earh of l hr 1\ llrm on sedr·r. l'rpr('�f'nh Pilrt

a

Ia I(' in Eg� pL

• Position Grow white horehound 1n

a sunny, well-drained position, and black

member of the same family, was also

horehound 1n well-drained soil in sun to

used medicinally, but this use has largely

partial shade.

fallen away now. Native to Mediterranean

• Propagation Propagate both wh1te

Europe and Asia, black horehound 1s a

and black horehound by seed. The latter's

fully hardy perenn1al herb that is still

variegated form can only be reliably

widely g rown in herb gardens.

propagated by cuttings.

horehound relaxes the bronchial muscles

• M a i ntena nce Both forms are hardy

while at the same t1me encouraging easier

plants needing little care.

removal of mucus from the l ungs.

• Pests a nd diseases There a re none

As a result of its pronounced bitter

of Significance. White horehound has

taste, due to the presence of spwfic

been used as a g rasshopper repellent

compounds, white horehound has an

on various crops.

appreciable and somewhat stimulatmg

• Harvesti n g a nd storing Cut down

effect on the digestive system. It can

he whole plant just as flowering begins and d ry it for herbal use.

i mprove a poor appetite as well as ease symptoms of indigestion. par rcularly when there is gas and bloating.

l lerbal m dicin Morrubium vulgare. Parts used: leaves,

Whrt� hor�hound (Marrubwm vulgare)

It also has a pos1tive effect on liver function and increases the secretion of

flowering tops. Not to be confused with

bile. which can aid the digestive process

black horehound, which is used for qu1te

as a whole.

different purposes, white horehound is

For the safe and appropriate use

best known as a remedy for respiratory

of white horehound, see Sore throats,

conditions such as colds and bronchitis -

colds and flu, page 200. Do not use

especially when there is mucus that is

white or black horehound if you are

difficult to expel by coughing. White

pregnant or breastfeeding.

lredv wlut-e-- lwrelw� caJ1/ 6e-- UMUf to tnafc� �� and candcr to eaM- j(jre-- throaty aNI (X)�

Yarr o w Achillea millefolium Asteraceae h i rn st r·ippcu Yarro 11 is one or o u r o l ctrst lwrbs. I n C: s u l t t he and cl ricd j a r rO\\ s t a l �s 11 e re L o ·secl l o con

1 Cflinp. t he Boo� or C/1angr•s. a n d . i n t h e \\ e s t . i t ha · LlCC ' n ll idrl} usee! as a n h e rh or pO\\ c r r u l l l u t neu t ra l magic.

on r.a lf � Achillea, all heal, bloodwort, carpenter's

,..

herb, m ilfoil J<

Yarrow (Achillea millefolium)

Leaves, fl owers

• G a rde n i n g

'Credo; blackcurrant-colored 'Cassis;

• M a i ntena nce Divide clumps every

Yarrow is a tough, fully hardy perennial formmg a rosette of very finely divided feathery leaves with a pungent, refreshing

Damask rose-scented 'Fawncett Beauty;

3 o 4 years 1n late autumn or, in cooler

'lilac Beauty' and coppery 'Colorado:

climates, early spring.

scent that is strangely uplifting to the senses. It multiplies via underground rhizomes The small white flowers form dense, flat-headed, large inflorescences

feathery, woolly yarrow (A. tomentosa);

borne on wiry stems to about 2.5 ft. (70 em). There are some 85 species of Achillea, and many hybrids. Yarrows are among the toughest and prettiest modern ornamen al

• Pests and d iseases There are no pests

or diseases of any consequence. Cold, wet

fern-leaf yarrow (A. filipendulina) and its

winters may cause rotting if plants are

golden-flowered hybrid 'Coronation Gold';

poorly d rained.

sneezewort (A. ptarmica); and A. taygetea

• H a rvesting and storing Harvest

and its famous hybrid 'Moonshine:

the flowering stalks j ust as they fully

•

open, and dry in small bunches h u ng

Position The yarrows described above

all require a sunny, well-drained position.

upside down out of direct sunlight.

They are frost-hardy and have good

Harvest leaves at any time.

drought resistance.

perenmals; many have been bred from A millefolium. •

Other widely cultivated species include

•

Varieties Some beautiful varieties

Propagation Raise species by seed

sown in pots and transplant about 6 to

l lcrbal med icine Achillea millefolium. Parts used: aerial

include 'Lemon Queen: 'Paprika; 'Cense

8 weeks later. Propagate named varieties

par s. Yarrow has been used since ancient

Queen; 'Appleblossom; cream-flowered

by division.

times for its healing effects on wounds, quickly stopping bleeding and reductng inflammation. It is also well known for its application in any feverish condition where it encourages persp1ration and

\arro11 has hrrn u. ed o n many ll� t t l rfi e l

pon rd

and This onr reed' on m l lciCI\ fu n g o "

•

Usc l u r·s to clrtect

t h l'ips as ..,oon

as Lhey apprar in y o u r ga rd E· n .

I n t egra t e d p e s t m a n a ge m r n l An environmentally friendly alternative to pesticides is i n tegrated pest management

(IPM), w h ich

is usually available to home

gardeners only by m a i l order. Certain insects are mass bred for their natura l It could be that insects such as aphids are carrying the virus, so perhaps you need to deal with the problem by using

and t h e more toxic chemicals have been

predatory habits and then released so

removed from the m arketplace.

they can seek out and attack their target

At your local garden center you'll find

prey. Some of the beneficial predators

an appropriate chemical. It's also a good

low-toxic sprays that are less harmful

idea to go back o basics and check the

to waterways, bees and other beneficia l

plant's environment.

insects. Check with your local nursery

m i te used to control two-spot ed mites

so you can make an mformed choice

(or spider m ites). These m1tes suck the sa p

Insecticides

before tackling your spec1fic problem.

Formulated to k i l l only insects, insecticides

Final ly, take extra care when applying

include predatory mites and lacewi n g.

Phytoseiulus persimilis IS a predatory

from hop and rose leaves, causing them to mottle, yellow and die.

fall into two broad categories: con act

sprays to edible plants. Always follow the

insecticides, which k i l l the pest after it

manufacturer's instructions.

( Typhlodromips mon tdorensis) preys on

and systemic insecticides where the insect

F u n g i c i de s

curling, deformed leaves or leave silvery­

1ngests the chemical by chewing or sucking

These a r e added to water and used to

brown damage, deform fru1t and leave

the plant, poisoning its nervous system.

drench the soil or saturate plan s. thus

pale feedi ng d a mage in flowers. This m 1 te

makes direct contact with the chemical,

However, the disadvantage of using

The Australian pear-shaped m i te most thrip larvae. Ad u l t t h r i ps create

treating a variety of air- or soil-borne

can be used for herbs that are susceptible

insecticides IS that they are very l i kely to

fungal diseases. Add a wetting agent to

to thrr ps, such as thyme a nd rosema ry.

JUSt the pests. For unately, over recent

coverage. Using a seaweed-based product

vears, many changes have been made to

as a foliar spray or to drench the roots

the active ingredients used in insecticides,

will a lso benefit the plant's heal h.

kill beneficial insects (see page 1 69). not

help spread the fungicide, g1ving a be ter

Green lacewmg

IS

e m p l oyed to targe

h r i ps, mealybu gs, greenhou se w h i tefly, small caterpil lars a n d two-spo tted mites and moth eggs.

I-l a rve s t i n g , p re s e rv i n g a n d s to r i n g l l cl i'\ ('S l i ng I IH ' IIO\\ l'I'S. l('cl\l'S. '\('('ti'i. I'OOl S a n d C'\t'n ha r� Of l h l' hrrh � ou \ t • n u rt u r!'c l 1 s one ol garden i ng·s l r u l CJS '> pt •c i a l about ga t he r i ng l ll e l l l in l hl' \\ i lc l . To m a �r l iH ' most or

\ CH J r !ld l"\ l's l . folio\\ ou r l i p.· for c o l l ec t i ng. preach �l'a r. 3nd man� arc>

school in Europe during this period, the

'1\v o popu l a r t'\a m pl l's arr

Welsh Physicia ns of Myddfa i.

(Sul/l('r/anc/Jd

The Norman invasion of England saw

rrutt'src ·n�).

C'ilnrPr

hush

ru n su l rred

a gonrl all-pUfiiOSt' tome for 1 1 1 \ / \ l l ls

Dried buchu leaves (Agathosma betulma)

a refinement in the gardens of pleasure

su ffrrrrs \1 ho nrrd to llno�l t hru·

associated with castles and manor houses.

appr t i t r . and huchu

Filled w1th fragrant herbs as well as

hc/JJima). ta �rn for t hr t re a t m e n t

\\ 1 t iH I U I ;m� l it· nl'fl l acrrumg

arr nu\1 bring ta �r n 10 prt'\ t 'llt l h !'

l l c> r l ls 111 L IH' fu t u rr. fhi{:C IRI�

(

\{icJli/Osma

or m i ld urinm1 tract i n frcuon . St�ps

flowers, they included plants such as the legendary Rosa gal/ica 'Officina lis;

rommrrrial prod url lon of l h t•st• lwrlis

1 1 1 tiH'

I IHiigenuus (lro p l t · (sl'r fc · a l llrt' llo\.

that found their way to Europe from the Crusader expeditions. The greatest of the English herbals emerged from the 1 6th century onward.

Parkinson. an apothecary and botamst who

resurgence in herb usage a n d herb c u l t u re

William Turner's New Herbal included no

is remembered for Porodisi in Sole Poradisus

worldwide. At the same ime, the complex

fewer than 238 British plan s. But for

rerrestris and Theatrum Botanicum.

i n teraction between body, m1nd and spiri of holistic medicme.

physician, apothecary and knowledgeable

\ l od n n h e l' h a l m e (J i c i n r

gardener, who first published his Herbal/ in

The modern practice of herbal medicine,

come, and with 1 t the acknowled g m e n t

1 597, basing it on tha of the Rem ish

coupled with a fascination with culinary

that herbal medicine deserves respect 1 n

physician Dodoens; and also that of John

and fragrance herbs, has seen a g reat

i t s o w n n g h t.

charm as well as content, two others remain unsurpassed - that of John Gerard,

1\ L l ra . L

I 30

d i ffcn·nt

is again being acknowledged i n he field An era of complementary medic1ne has

sprcies \\ t'I'C'

empiO]l'tl 10 lwrllal mrd 1 c inr. 1nc l u d 1 1 1g l hr· Thr -\ustralian co n t i n e n t include range of em ironment

.

and coo l -tem pera te mo.

S\\drnp� coa ·tal

a \\ 1de

from ra i n fore t forrst s to

w�etauon. Its ancient nora. dr5cl' a n d \yUI'\ l:' C i i C m e d i c i n e .

.\ a l i\- c \ met'ican h c rbali m

me rica a · " P l l

It is said that 11 hen the Pilgrim arri1ed rn �orth

90 di ea

merica. re\\ rr

�t· l u t n i n g l h liCh on ·ar-pii'ICI Ilg shnt·� t ha t

pred1cted t o occur 1n a percenta ge o f all

Drug 'ltP• c ons may occur when

1>:1111 l ing's

roo l i� u n ea r t h t•t l . 1t

users of a particular medicine. For example,

•

1\.

Secret\ ll'grnil ha'> ll l hci l . 11 hcn thr

relevant pages o this book.)

,I

lftu·n l'ot/l'r aml thr' c.'hJm/Jt't of

10

(Important side effects are l isted on he

101 t'

11 1 t ll ntIIOOIIS JIIJ11l ma nc l r1s paqe you are pregnan or breast'eed1nq, excep ,; der the adv1ce o• o hea trc;J•e prote-;s lna

IG E STWf S YSTEM

lncligc tion Tlw l' n jo)mr n t of a meal q u i c k!

el i ', i pa t es if thr b u r n i ng

pa i n a n d d iscomfort of i n c l ig ,' l io n o r c l , prpsia fo l l ov. . \lany popular apc·nuh are based

1 >0..., \( , I, Infuse 4 to 6 g dried leaves and flowering tops of meadowsweet m boilmg water; dnnk 3 cups per day.

SliprH't'\ elm Ulmus rubro

Sooth1'lg and healmg

The mucilage in slippery elm bark forms a gel that lines the gastromtestmal tract, act1ng as an anti-inflammatory and encouragmg healing. Slippery elm is

(;r•ece and paslis from France. are

Sti m u lates d igestion

lin1ng from the effects of excess acid.

on the tongue, triggering the release of fluids. Gentian aids many of

15 to 30 minutes before meals. (As slippery

the symptoms that can occur due to poor

elm trees are becoming increasmgly rare,

digestion, including heartburn, flatulence,

form rather than collect it yourself.)

dominated of anist'

mc l udmg ouzo from

hv the licoricr-li�r a roma

or tar ani ·e. Ta�mg a dose

of one of the many bitter hrrbs the

saliva, gastric acid and other digestive

slippery elm bark into water and drink

powdered

act a tonic

other aperiuf·.

Bitter-flavored gentian improves digestion

m

st•crrllon s but al �o

Gentiono luteo

by stimulating the bitter aste receptors

it's preferable to buy bark

11 h 1rh not on I\ stunuldtr stomach

c arti ho�c.

nausea and poor appetite. It is best taken before meals over several weeks, but a single dose after a heavy meal can also

\JeddO\\ "i\\ t'Cl Filipendulo ulmorio

Acid balance

be beneficial. 1 )()...; \(,I·. Take

2 to 5 drops gentian

root tincture in water, or infuse 1 g dried root and rhizome in boiling water. Take

Meadowsweet relieves indigestion, reflux

gentian 3 times per day, preferably 15 to

and other problems of over-acidity. Taken

30 m i nutes before meals.

over a period of several weeks, it helps to normalize stomach ac1d production while soothmg i n flamed gastric tissues and promoting healing.

\nisr

• A heart attack some imes m1m1cs the symptoms of ind1gest1on. Call for an

Pimpinello onisum

ambulance immediately 1f your symptoms

R e l i eves f u l lness and b l oating

are accompanied by a pain that radiates down the arm or up the neck, or by

Anise helps to relieve the discomfort

d1zziness, weakness or shortness of breath.

and pain of indigestion, and is particularly beneficial when wind or bloating are also present. Other aromatic herbs - such as caraway, fennel and dill - can be used in

•

Slippery elm may mterfere with the absorpt1on of other medicines, so separate doses by

2 hours.

• Do not take meadowsweet 1f you are

the same way.

taking blood-th1nnmg or an 1coagulant

1 teaspoon (2 g) ripe anise seeds to release the

medications lmcluding asp1nnl. or 1f you

1 [)()..., \(;I·: Grind up to

essential oil before infusing them in boiling water. Drink up to 3 cups per day.

are allerg1c to salicylates.

• Do not confuse antse and star amse. • Do not take gentian 1f you suffer from pept1c or duodenal ulcer.

• With the exception of normal culinary Cautions

• See your doctor 1f you expenence In the Middle Ages, meadowsweet flowers were a popular flavoring for wine and beer.

indigestion or heartburn frequently, or 1f vom1ting occurs.

quantities of anise, do not use the herbs on this page 1f you are pregnant or breas feedmg, except under the adv1ce of a healthcare professional.

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

Na u ea Lomach bug. a ca

Wheth r it' a 24-hour or a bout of ea ickne

. nau

a make

or food poi oning

you r

I mi

rable.

1crmnn chamom i le

G i n ger Zingiber officinole

Matricaria recutita

Settles the stomach

Eases anxiety

If you're feeling queasy, reach for ginger

The essential oil that gives chamomile

first Several clinical trials support its

its characteristic smell also imparts

traditional reputation as an effective

antispasmodic and anti-inflammatory

treatment and preventative for nausea

properties, while its bitter principles help

from a variety of sources. including

stimulate the secretion of gastric juices.

morning sickness, motion sickness and

This combination of actions, along with

post-operative vomiting and nausea. For

its renowned calming effects, make

more information on ginger and morning

chamomile a very useful herb for the

sickness, see Pregnancy, page 236

treatment of nausea, especially when

20 to 30 drops ginger

1 DOS \Ia'. Add

tincture to water, or infuse 112 teaspoon

1

powdered ginger or

to

2 teaspoons

it is due to, or accompanied by, anxiety and emotional upset.

11 ) )( ), \(; I•: Infuse

1

to

2 teaspoons

grated fresh ginger root in boiling water;

dried chamomile flowers in boiling water;

take 3 times per day. For children over

drink

the age of

4, add 10 to

15 drops of ginger

tincture to lemonade or ginger beer.

3 to 4 cups per day. Children over 4 years can take a third to a

the age of

half of the adult dose.

To prevent seasickness and travel sickness. take 1 g dried ginger

30 minutes

before the trip starts and every few hours

Ca utions

• In some cases, nausea and vom>ting may be symptomatic of underlymg disease.

during the journey. The same dose can

See your doctor if symptoms are severe,

be taken before surgery to reduce post­

prolonged or occur frequently.

operative nausea (but discuss this with your surgeon first- see Cautions).

•

Medical attention 1s also warranted 1f nausea is accompanied by severe

Peppel'm i n t •

Mentho x piperita

Ant1spasmod1c

abdominal pam, confusion, headache or a

allowing reflux o occur more readily.

stiff neck, or is triggered by a head injury.

Ginger is also contramd1cated >n reflux and

Dehydration can occur as a consequence

should not be used medicmally 1f you suf er

of vomiting. Watch out for symptoms such

from gastnc ulcer or gallstones.

as dry lips and mouth, decreased urination

Peppermint is specifically indicated when nausea is accompanied by churning

Rehydrate usmg an electrolyte replacement

of plants (for example da>s1es, chicory,

and seek medical advice Immediately •

Gmger should not be aken for 2 weeks pnor o undergoing surgery However, in

content of a menthol-rich essential oil.

consultation with your physician, a single

10 to 1 5 drops

dose can be taken just prior to surgery to reduce post-operative nausea.

peppermint tincture to water, or infuse

1

teaspoon fresh or dried aerial parts in

boiling water; take

3 to 4 times per day.

Children over 4 years can take a third to a half of the adult dose.

•

Don't use chamomile 1f you are allerg1c to members of the As eraceae family

the gastrointestinal tract are due to its

� DO� \!:t: Add

•

and rapid pulse, espec1ally >n children. supplement (available from pharmacies).

sensations in the stomach or gripping pains in the bowel. Its antispasmodic actions in

German chamomile grows wild throughout Europe where it has long been used medicinally.

Don't use peppermint if you suffer from gastro-oesophageal reflux d1sease (GOAD) or hiatus hernia, because ItS antispasmodic e feet may worsen your symptoms by relaxmg the esophageal sph1ncter and

chrysanthemums and echmacea). •

Wi h the except>on of normal culinary quant1t1es of peppermmt and German chamomile, do not use any of the herbs on th>s page i you are pregnant or breas feeding, except under the adv1ce of a healthcare profess,onal.

-�O.I.GeSTIVf SYSTEM

\� i nd, bl o a t i ng ancl flatu l en •\ c erta i n a m o u n t of '' i n c! every da be u n comforta111c ancl e m barra

i

n o r m a l . b u t i t can

i n g i f it occur

to

xce Chine ·e tar ani�e ha

Pr l l Anethum groveo/ens

�oothes col i c O f the many herbs with calming actions on the digestive system, dill is the

Cautions

preferred remedy for the treatment of

•

Products contaming the essential oils of peppermint and/or caraway are not

colic in babies and is equally beneficial for adults suffering from uncomfortable

recommended for infants, children,

wind pain. As with other digestive

pregnant or breastfeeding women. or for people with gallbladder, kidney

remedies, it is the herb's essential oil

or gastro-oesophageal d1sease.

that is responsible for its actions as a gastrointestinal antispasmodic, with the effect of releasing wind and reducing

the manufacturer.

•

pain and discomfort.

II()

2

taking peppermint oil capsules. because

teaspoons

(4 g) dill seeds to release the essential oil before infusing them in boiling water.

they may interact with some drug5.

•

colic in a breastfed baby. For babies over

3 months. allow the infusion

Caraway is combined with fennel and dill to

to cool and give 1 to

make an infusion for treating intestinal problems.

a time up to

3 teaspoons at

4 times a day.

Caraway may cause an allergic reaction in some people. Stop using

3 cups per day to relieve

it if you expenence

any adverse effects. such as diarrhea or

bloating and flatulence in yourself or

the age of

If you are already taking prescribed medicines, talk to your doctor before

\1 ,)· Grind up to

Drink up to

Do not

exceed the dose recommended by

a runny nose.

•

Do not use the herbs on this page in greater than culinary quantities if you are pregnant or breastfeedmg, except under a healthcare professional.

the advice of

DIGE'STIVE- SYSTEM

con tip a t ion a nd 11 c m orr l1 o ids can IC'HI to ilcmo r riloic! · ( nrni ng probl m. vvi l ll consl i palion ·ancc r. and an i nc rea cd r i k or eli c rl i u lar d isca 'C' ancl L)O\ cl

contain anthraquinone glycosides, its

P:-.' I I i urn

Plantago avo to, P. psyllium

..,, bl

fiber supple ment

Mucilage-rich psyllium husks are a valuable source of soluble fiber, often lacking in the Western diet. In fact, psyllium IS one of the

laxative action is less marked than that of Chinese rhubarb or other herbal laxatives such as senna and cascara.

4 g dned yellow 10 m1nutes; drink the decoction up to 3 t1mes daily. Ill l

\I

Boil

1

to

dock root 1n a cup of water fo r

few types of fiber supplement that have been proven to aid the management of chronic constipation problems.

IH 1 \( I Psyllium husks are available in tablets, capsules and soluble

Hamamelis virginiana

I

c

r o a hr I r

powders, and should be taken accord1ng

In clinical trials. topical applications of

to the manufacturer's instructions.

witch hazel have been demonstrated to be

A teaspoon of the powdered husks can

as effective as other medications (including

Witch hazel is native to North America, where i t was used medicinally b y Native American tribes.

also be sprinkled on fruit or breakfast

corticosteroids) for the relief of the pain,

cereal once a day. Every dose of psyllium

itching and bleeding of hemorrhoids. The

Cautions

should be taken with a large glass of water.

herb is also traditionally taken mternally

•

Chin!'"'' rhul>d rh Rheum palmatum

rang 11 'a11ve

more than

astnngent nature makes 1t unsuitable for people with a tendency to be constipated.

•

10 days at a

time.

Do not use herbs to treat constipation 1n children, or 1f you are pregnant, breast­

I ,I Rub witch hazel gel,

Il I

Anthraqumone-containmg herbs should not be taken in excessive doses. or for

for the treatment of hemorrhoids, but its

feeding, have undragnosed abdommal pain

ointment or tincture into the affected

or an mtestmal or gallbladder blockage.

Chinese rhubarb root 1s a strong laxative

area once a day. Talk to a professionally

Chmese rhubarb rs also contraindicated in

with a potent content of anthraquinone

tramed herbalist. who can help determme

persons suffenng from ar hnt1s or k 1dney

glycosides. In trad1t1onal Chinese medicine

whether mternal use of w1tch hazel IS

It IS prescribed for constipation and is

appropriate for your circumstances.

or urinary tract disease. •

psyllium) on medical adv1ce.

improve appetite and ac as a liver and

\ natural triggel'

gallbladder tonic.

I I I \I I Boil '/,oz. (20 g) dried or 11. oz. (40 g) fresh Chmese rhubarb rh1zome in 3 cups (750 ml) water Simmer un il reduced to 2 cups (500 ml). Take '/, to I. cup (50 to 100 ml) of the decoct1on with your evening meal.

l.a\aliiC'

llrrlJ� tl'nd

to contain

•

Always dnnk lot5 of water when usmg psyllium. because cases of cho rng have occasionally been reported m people

llhll'h ll'all'lillniUgh lill' lilgt'S(II('

who have taken psyllrum powders

systrm tiH'\

LO llw

1ntrsunr.

tllnulall• l)('n,lahls a nil

tri gger a

hOIIt'l lllOi t ' ment . Smre

ll

hours aftPr

Without adequate flurds

11 ht'l'l'

Rumex crispus

Yellow dock is a gentle digestive stimul ant tha is specifically indicated for slugg1sh liver or bowel function. While 1t does

Psyllium may interfere w•th the absorption of other med1crnes. so separate doses by 2 hours.

ralll'l

The roots of dandelion are dried and roasted to

psyllium powders without adequate luods •

Do not use any of these herbs

you are

and skon rashes.

pregnant or breastteedong, except under

The followong people should not undergo

the advoce of a healthcare profess.onal

detox regomens or ake the herbs listed on thos page except under the supervosoon of an appropriately qualified healthcare

NE RVt>!JS S'i'""S'rE M

ion ancl tre II �nu

C:ll'l'

fee l i ng tiH' pt't'"surc of too m u c h to clo

tn too lillie time. tllrSt' llcrbs ma

help

ou to cop '.

"()' ('dfl �ill ('llg

Lc g1nseng

Melissa offlcma/Js

l m p•o

p rformanc

under stre s

The most h1ghly valued of all Chmese herbs, Korean g1nseng has a long-held reputation for help1ng the body and mmd cope w1 h stress It has been he subjec of n umerous clin1cal tnals, wh1ch have documen ed (among other effects) i mprovements 1n alertness, relaxat10n,

Calmmg and relaxing

Lemon balm IS traditionally used during t1mes o tens1on, restlessness and an 1ety, and IS 1deal when you are feeling uptight, ag1tated or overwrought. In clinical tnals, people affected by stress have reported feeling mcreased levels of calmness and 1mproved mood after JUSt a smgle dose of

mood and performance on various tests.

lemon balm, but it can also be taken over

No all ciln1cal tnals have supported

a longer period when stress is ongoing. I)(,..., \I ,f. Infuse 1 to 2 teaspoons of

Korean ginseng's trad1t1onal reputation. l l \I,

Take commercially prepared

Korean ginseng tablets accord1ng to he manufacturer's mstruc ions (up to a

resh aerial parts of lemon balm in boiling water; drink 1 cup 2 to 3 times per day. The herb has a mild sedative action, so

ma 1mum of 1000 mg of dned root per

1f you are suffenng from fat1gue, take

day). Look for products standardized for

1t only in the evening.

the1r con ent of g msenos1des. Note that Korean ginseng is traditionally taken for

8 to 12 weeks at a t1me, followed by a

Cautions •

Do not take Korean gmseng 1f you

have

break of several weeks; it is not a ppropriate

diabetes, cardiovascular disease (includmg

for frail or anxious patients.

h1gh and low blood pressurd. depress1on, an 1ety, hyperactivity, mental illness (mcluding b1potar disorder and s1milar

Oat

conditions). msomnia, blood clots or

Avena sativa

Trad t1onal restorative

An infusion of oats seed is used topically to soothe itchy skin.

•

bleedmg disorders.

certain sedatives, and a group of med1cines

Korean gmseng is known or suspected

rderred to as cholinergic (or parasympa­

to 1nteract w1th many pharmaceutical

thomimetic} drugs, wh1ch are prescribed

med1cat1ons - 1ncluding antidepressants,

for Alzhe1mer's disease and a range

The leaves, stems and other green parts

ant1psychot1c med1cauons, anticoagulants,

of other conditions

(somet1mes called "oat straw") of the oat

msulln and hormonal therapy - so consult

prescribed medicines,

plant are used to help restore a depleted

WI h your phys1cian or pharmacist before

before using lemon balm.

or debilitated nervous system and aid

takmg

for the nervous system

with copmg 1n times of stress or nervous exhaust1on. Herbalists cons1der this herb a gentle and reliable nervous system tonic, capable of calming or energizmg as

•

(3 g) dried oats g reens in boiling water; d ri n k 3 cups per day. Children over 4 years can take up to half the adult dose.

not take it at the same time

•

e any of these herbs 1f

you are

Korean g1nseng is traditionally contra­

the advice of a healthcare profess,onal.

S1de effects are occasionally reported

These may

1nclude headache, disturbed sleep and skin problems. If th1s occur5, stop takmg the herb. Do not use oats if you have celiac disease or gluten intolerance.

•

Do not ta

to your doctor

as stimulants such as caffeme.

w1th the use of Korean gmseng.

•

•

tal

pregnant or breastfeeding, except under

indicated durmg acute mfections.

required. Even the very frail or anxious pat1ent can take this herb. 1 I)( l..., \( ,(, Infuse 1 to 1'/2 teaspoons

11. Do

- if you are taking

Lemon balm may mteract with some pharmaceutical medications, including

.

N E RV O U S SYS T E M

D pre s s ion a nd a nL i e ty t you r mood o r ca l m L ed a p prop r i a t e ! , h e rb c a n 11 c l p l i f your ne n e \\ hen

ou fi n d L h ing ' d i ff i c u i L Lo d a l � i L h .

c' l J o h n ', \\ O I'l Hypericum perforatum

Herbal antidepressant

Clinical research has proven the anti­ depressant effec s o St. John's wort, w1th some studies demons trating a level of efficacy 1n mild to moderate depression that is similar to that of Important pharmaceu tical anti­ depressants, but with a better safety profile. Interestingly, the way the herb works in the body is also s1milar to the mechanisms of action of some of these pharmaceutical medicines. I IH I

\1 , 1 Look for supplements

that are standardized for their contents of hypencin and hyperforin [considered

Soothing and aromat1c, lavender flowe� are cultivated commercially. For instructions on how to make an herb pillow that will help you to relax and sleep, see

page 300.

to be the main active constituents) and with a daily dose of 900 mg per day of

and temples. Or, 1nhale the steam from

the concentrated [6:1) extract, equivalent

4 drops essent1al oil diluted 10 20 m l

to 5.4 g of d ned h erb

h o t water (for example, in an oil burner)

.

•

4 weeks

Lavondula angust,follo

Aromatherapy to rel ieve anxiety

The scent of lavender has long been

from 112 teaspoon (1 to 1.5 g) of the d ried

th1s herb

may

St. John's wort occasionally causes mmor side effects [for example, gastrointestmal upset, headache). The most common of these IS photosensitivity, a condition •n

•

wh1ch the skm becomes more prone to

St. John's wort is known or suspected

sunburn Avoid sunbathmg or prolonged

to interact with many pharmaceutical

sun exposure while takmg St. John's wor

medicatiOns (including antidepressants.

and consult your doc

cardiovascular med1c1nes and contra­

th1s symptom.

cept•ves). so consult your physician

•

or pharmaCISt before taking it. •

Depress1on IS a senous cond1t10n and IS

•

Stop takmg St. John's wort at least

Unless adv1sed to do so by your doctor.

not SUitable for self-treatment Do not

do not take St. John's wort

stop taking prescribed antidepressants

pregnant or breastfeeding, and do not

of your doctor A 2-week wash-out

reducing he body's product ion of the stress hormone cortisol.

or f you develop

2 weeks pnor to undergomg surgery •

except under the adv1ce and supervision

mtens1ve-care units. Research also shows that lavender Inhalation has the effect of

effects of lavender, use a ratio of 4 drops lavender essent ial oil for every 10 ml earner oil and massage into the shoulde rs

•

Cautions

bemg in a range of stressful situations, mcluding dental waiting rooms and

I H IS \1,1 To enjoy the anti-anxiety

6 weeks,

not be suitable for you; consult your doctor.

flowers twice a day, and again at bedtime.

attnbuted to promoting relaxation. and there is a grow1ng body of evidence to support this traditional pract1ce. Stud•es Indicate that inhaling lavender essent1al oil helps ease anxiety and 1mproves feelings of calmness and well­

to develop. If there IS no noticeable

1mprovement after

You can also drink an infusion made

La\ c IH i er

The effects of S . John's wort take 2 to

if you

are

give it to children. •

Do not 1ngesr lavender essential

011

and

per�od is adv1sed 1f you are sw1tchmg

do not use 1 t du r � n g pregnancy or breast­

from pharmaceutical antidepressants

feeding. except under the adv•ce of a

to St. John's wort

healthcare protessional.

Research into the use of St. John's wort m severe depression has not yet demonstrated safety or efficacy and so should be avoided unless medically prescribed. It should not be used by people w1th bipolar disorder.

N E RV O U S S Y S T E M. /.-. ·

a n d fa t i g u e 1 r o u r e n rg

l e e l s a re nagg i n g . a

p i c k- m e - u p rn a

t i m u la t i ng h e r ba l

b e a l l L h a t you n eed .

S i l w ridn ginsc\ i l\ elm\ Horpagophytum procumbens

Cl meally proven

or

r

h 't1s pa1,

Devil's claw has anti-Inflammatory and analgesic properties, and is a proven treatment for osteoarthritis, with several studies demonstrating 1ts benefits particularly for osteoarthritis of the knee and/or hip. In some of these studies, devil's claw was compared to pharmac eutical analgesiCS, w1th researchers conclud ing that the herb was JUSt as effect1ve as the drug, but w1th a lower incidenc e of side effects. Laboratory tests suggest that dev11's claw may provide more than just symptomatiC relief o�vil's claw, a cre�ping perennial, gets its name from the hooks on its strange-looking fruits.

- it also appear s to inhibit some of the

I M U S C U L O S K E L E TAL S Y S H M

processes that both damag e cartilag e and trigger the JOint change s charac teristic of osreoar thn tis. Clinica l trials indicate that pam and other symptoms of osteoart hritiS start to abate after about 2 month s of taking the herb . I )( ,..., \( , I The most Important

and analges1c properties of 1ts aspirin­ like substances. Most (but not all) clinical trials also support its role in relievmg the pam of osteoarthrit is, but there has not been enough research to confirm 1ts effectiveness in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. IHJ

act1ve constituent of devil's claw 1s

\I , I Take commercial wh1te

according to researchers, preparations

willow tablets or capsules standardized to contain 240 mg of salicin per day according

standardized for their content of

to the manufacturer's instructions

a compound called harpagoside, and

harpagoside are more effective than non-standardized preparations. Look for commercially prepared tablets or capsules providmg at least 50 mg harpagoside per day, and take according to the manufacturer's instructions.

( ' p h • I \ "il't'd Apium graveolens

Hnal

If

you are takmg ant1platelet or anticoagula nt med1cat10n, or suffer from a blood disorder, ake 1t only under professional superv1sion.

C A R D I OVAS C U LA R SYST E M

C i r c u l a t i o n p ro b l e m l n a d c q u Le c i rc u l a t i o n - pa r t i c u l a r l y i n L h

I gs - c a n

hrco m c a p r ' i t n t a n c l cl b i l i t a l i n g p ro b l e m a

1 1 o i'S< ' < ' h r s l n u t

a n d va r i co s e ve i n you age .

and it's likely to have even more benefits

Aesculus htppocostonum

for the circulatory system when taken

R e l i eves symptoms o f

over a longer period of time.

c h r o n t c v e n o u s i n sufficiency

The term "chronic venous insufficiency" is used medically to describe leg veins that are hav1ng trouble pumping blood back

I )( I S \ ( ; I·, Look for commercial grapeseed tablets, or capsules that are standardized o provide 1 50 to 300 mg OPCs per day, and take them according to the manufacturer's instructions.

up to the heart. In time, and with the effects of gravity, the legs become heavy and swollen, and can feel itchy, tense and painful. Varicose veins may also develop. At least 1 7 clinical trials have examined the effects of horse chestnut seed extract

G i n kgo Ginkgo biloba

Ton i c for penpheral circu lation

Although most famous for its action as a

(HCSE), standardized for its content of

memory tonic, ginkgo is also an important

escin, on the symptoms of chronic venous

circulatory tonic. For example, it helps

Insufficiency. Collectively, this research

relieve symptoms of both Raynaud's

demonstrates that HCSE can help to relieve

syndrome and intermittent claudication -

the pain, swelling and itchiness associated

two conditions associated with peripheral

nausea, headaches and i chy or �rr•ta

with chronic venous insufficiency. It

circulation issues. Raynaud's syndrome

skin. If this occurs, stop takmg the herb

appears to do this by helping to maintain

is cha racterized by coldness of the

The abundant qualities of g rapes are exemplified in an 1 870s wallpaper design by William Morris.

and seek medical advice.

•

Do not take homemade horse chestnut

the integrity of the blood vessel walls.

extremities and intermittent claudication

I I )( )') \ ( ; 1 : Take commercial tablets

by severe cramping pain in the legs that

or capsules of HCSE that are standardized

is triggered or exacerbated by walking.

for their content of escin (sometimes spelt

I I )( IS \ ( ; E Look for supplements

aescin). Look for a product that provides

standardized for their content of the

100 to 200 mg of escin per day, and

active constituents g inkgo flavone

always take it with food.

glycosides, ginkgolides and bilobalides,

or kidney problems. or celiac or other

with a daily dose of 1 20 mg of a

intestinal diseases, or if you are taking anti­

concentrated (50:1) extract, providing the

platelet or anticoagulant medication, except

G ra prsrr r t Vitis vinifero

A n t i o x i d a n t support for b l ood vessels

Grapeseed extract is rich in a potent group

equivalent of 6 g of the dried herb. Higher doses may be required for intermittent claudication for more information, talk to your

or ginkgo preparations, as they may contain toxic compounds and/or cause adverse reactions.

•

Do not use horse ches nut 1f you are allerg1c

•

Do not take HCSE if you have diabetes, liver

to latex. as cross-reac iv1ty may occur.

under professional supervision.

•

Grapeseed may reduce �ron absorption,

•

Ginkgo may cause mild adverse reactions,

so separate doses by

including dizziness. gastrointestinal upse� headache and allergic skm reactiOns More

healthcare professional.

severe reactions, including bleeding

of antioxidants collectively referred to as oligomeric proanthocyanidins (OPCs). OPCs

Cautions

help to maintain the integrity of the blood

•

prescription medications, so consult your

they may be beneficial for a wide range of

doctor or pharmacist before taking them.

circulatory problems. In people with chronic

Stop taking ginkgo and grapeseed at least

venous insufficiency, grapeseed extract has itchiness and leg pain in as little as 10 days,

2 weeks before undergomg surgery.

•

problems and seizures, have occas1onally been recorded. If symptoms occur, stop

Horse chestnut, ginkgo and grapeseed are known or suspected to interact with some

vessels and stabilise the capillary walls, so

been shown to relieve symptoms such as

2 hours.

HCSE occasionally causes side effects including gastrointestinal symptoms,

taking the herb and seek medical advice.

•

Do not take gmkgo if you have any kind of bleeding d1sorder.

•

Do not use any of the herbs listed on this page if you a re pregnant or breast­ feeding, except under the advice of a healthcare professional.

CARDIOVASCULAR" SYSTEM

Leg ulcers leg ulcer that won·t heal can have a negative impact. on your qualit of life. U e h rbs to aid the h aling proce s.

Calcnclula

Jorse che tnuL esculus hippocastonum

elps heal ulcers from the inside

�ccording to a sma ll clin i ca l tria l, a standardiz ed extra ct of hors e chestnut seed (HCSE } has b een d emonstrat ed to en han cet hestandard m edi ca ltr eatm ent bf leg u lcer s. Austra lian r es ear ch ers found that co mpa r ed to t hos e ta king a p la cebo, th ewound dr ess in gs on th e legs of p eop le

•

Calendula officina/is

a patch test should be performed at least

Accelerates ulcer healing

24 hours before

Ca lendu al ointm ent was r ecent ly th e

and

seek medical advice. Take particular care

subj ect of a sma ll-s ca le cli ni ca l tria l t hat

w1th calendula 1f you are allerg1c to the

sugg ests it ma y p al y a va lu ab le ro le i n

Asteraceae family of plants

u lcers w er e tr eat ed wit h eith er ca lendu la ointm ent or sa li n e so lu tion dr essings for 3 w eeks. At t he end of th e tria l, t he u lcers

tr eat ed wit h ca lendu la ointm ent had

ol w er cost of tr eatm ent. T hes e eff ects ar e

whi le t hos e tr eat ed w it h sa lin e had on ly

probab ly an ext ension of th e a ctions of

d ecr eas ed b y about

15

(fo r example,

daisies, chrysanthemum and echinacea) .

h elp ing t o hea l leg u lcers. I n t his stud y,

s hrun k in siz e b y mor e than 40 p er cent,

•

W1th the exception of top1cal applicatiOns of calendula. do not use any of the herbs l1sted on this page if you are pregnant or breastfeeding, except under the advice of a healthcare profess1onal.

p er cent.

Jl(), \(,f.: Appl y ca lendu al ointm ent

hors e chestnut on p erip hera l cir cu la tion (s ee oppos ti e}. as about ha lf of a ll leg

to th e aff ect ed a r ea 2 to 3 tim es p er da y,

u lcers o ccur as a r esu lt of chroni c v enous

or soa k dr ess in gs with ca lendu la tin ctur e

insuffi ci en cy.

and t hen app ly to th e aff ect ed a r ea. You

I 1>1 l\ \1;1·. Ta ke comm er cia ltab lets or

can a sl o us e fr es h ca lendu la f ol w ers to

capsu les of HCSE t hat ar estandardiz ed for

ma ke a pou lti ce (s ee page 194}. If th e

t heir cont ent of es cin . Loo k for a produ ct

s kin is b ro ken, disinf ect t he wound b y

t hat provid es

was hing it wit h an antis ept ic b efor e

da y, and a w l a ys ta ke it wit h food.

using ca lendu la .

\( .1 Take black cohosh

demonstrated significant improvements

tablets standardized for their content

1n symptoms such as hot flushes, night

of triterpene glycosides according to

sweats, insomnia, depression and anxiety.

the manufacturer's instructions, or as

Of these, it is probably most effective

prescribed by your doctor. You may need

against hot flushes, w hich many women

to take black cohosh for up to 3 months

consider the most troublesome aspect of

before your symptoms start to improve.

menopause. Some research indicates that hot flushes may be reduced by more than

Soy food arr a m jor dtet. f ro m t h e sea If

l OU r

�ill prodUrt'' t'\l"l"" O i l .

t' \lt'l" l.illl I l l 1 11 1 ' f.lrt'\ T-10111' i lt!rt'­

ht•dd. llnsl' d n t l r h 1 11 1 i h t''t' tit'l1nnu. Wdll l'Pth ran lllil�t· a tll ilt'rt'IIU' h1

11 111 �111g frnm ll i l h m . 1\l'l)l i l.dm/1/dfhl sp

1 l la m 1 n � C 11 h i lt•

1

Th1s '�HIITt' o\

drHI \ 1 ' d hluotl punfwr.

11s na tu ra l i t l t l i n t '

normahst•s lht•

n ll t t ' n t

1\ m p h S\ s11•m.

1\nmbu 1 1. . 't'lclw/11)

\lso �no\\ n

.1. horse t dl l �elp. �nmhu I ' a

tapll'

\ramc i /;'"'•ma ln n c/1'1

l l igh i n

mgrrthen l 1 0 Japant''>l' tuo� I Og lhJt

protl'm ,u1d 1od1nt·. araml' con t a i n '

k m - ha lan n n g

m l llt'rdh

flllli \Hlllnth t hdt ht• l p to dt'to\lfl t h e

· \I t'll

I lOti\. i m prm !' mt•iahoh m d n d tune

,., nch 1 0 such a

'I lied dnd zmr d

as t lw

h('a\ing trare Plt·mt·nt llt'lnldll i U m

t ilt'

�ln.

face and neck, avoiding eyes. Store m

the refngerator or up to 1 month.

H e rb a l s e r u m

1

small cinnamon stick

Even oily s 10 needs a l i g h t moistunzer

3

tablespoons jojoba oil

o pu a bamer between your skin and

2 drops tea-tree essential oil

B•ewer"s eas absorbs excess oil from the

enwonmental pollutants. Jojoba oil is

2 drops cypress essential oil

sk.n's sur ace and stimulates a slugg1sh

compat,ble w1th skin and leaves l1 le

2 drops grapefruit essential oil

comp out onto hakmg papt'r. the

I omh 11'1111

forms a

l , igh l l �

mist

11 itch hazl'l: this

r·u 1. to rrtluce cracking.

• Cal c i um a n d potassi um

may improve the symptom s

of arthriti s

as wrll as some

d1 order of

nervous • Magn

the centra l

yste m. i u m is cssrnl i�l for

strong bones and a health y heart.

I t also pro motr s

t he

proper functio n i ng of t hr nerves and musc l es.

After 6tdfunt, alnwnd ot! tea11eJ/ aF� otv the- Ji t n

gar. R u b

the vinegar before pouring to ensure

onto t h

maximum diffusion.)

nne

fresh or dried herbs (you can also use herbal tea bags) distilled white vinegar

3 Pour 1nto a plastic spray bottle.

This spray is perfectly safe and very

Roughly chop 1 to 2 large handfuls

effective to use at full -strength, but

of fresh or d ried herbs (such as lemon

it can also be diluted half-and-half

verbena, peppermint, rosemary, lemon

with water for lighter JObs.

•

'

r re e n

all

11 1 th a cloth

or

teet \\ OOI. Rm e anu dr1.

top mold: Mix 2 tea poo n bora\ and I cup t 2 :JO m i l H rl.l 1 i n ega r. \ppl� 11- i l h

a

cloth.

IPa1r

ror 30 mmute' then \lipe orr. Clean t h e refrigerator: \\'ipe ouL the [ridge 111th Herb 1 megar. then rub 01er 11 ilh a

ponge

dipped m va n i ll a e ·rnce. •

Remove mold rrom refrigerator door eat

:

Scrul.l the mold rrom

t he rold w1th an o ld t othbru. h di pped in Herb rmegar.

• 1\cep k1! hrn cloth rre h: Soak 01 rn igh t m a �o l u lion of boiho Mtrr '' ith a goou clo h or Herb \ 1negar a n d

a fl'\\ drop of

eucalypt u. 011. Rin e 11 el l . • ' te a m - l e a n t h e micmwaYe: Place t cu p (250 m l ) 11 a 1e r and 1f1 cup rGO m)) I lrrb \megar in a boll I in tht' m lcto\\a\l' and l.JP

o

a l i l l ie. usr ll to ll ipt' Jhr 11 at1 ·

n

the m en 11 ith a damp cloth

r All- p urpo se non -vin ega 1ser a l cle ba her

ar i n your If you don't want to use vineg

se you herbal cleanser - perha ps becau acid i n the that rtops have marble counte

sti l l make vinegar can damag e - you can water and a th i w spray pose all-pur an little extra cleanin g power from borax.

frrsh or drird hrrbs

hands clean while cookmg, and the rosemary essential oil 1s antibacterial.

'i• to 1/2 cup (50 to 100 g) pure soap flakes

2 cups (500 ml) very hot water 'i• cup (60

ml) glycerine

1/2 teaspoon rosemary essential oil (or the herbal essential oil of

(or hrrbal tra bags)

2 tablrspoons borax hrrbal mrntial oil (optional)

d

0

This foamy gel 1s ideal for keeping your

your choice) Put the soap flakes and the water in

Prepare the herbs as for the All-purpose

a bowl and whisk vigorously until the

herb vinegar spray (opposite).

flakes have d issolved and you have a

2 Pour over hot water to cover and allow to steep for a few days. Strain, then add the borax and a few drops of essential oil, if using.

3 Shake to mix well and decant mto

solid, but if you have whi sked enough,

foam that IS rather like whi pped egg

it should remain foa my. If 1t is too th1ck

wh i te. Cool to lukewarm.

for a pum p bottle, beat i n more water.

2 Stir i n the g lycerine and the essential oil, whisk again and leave to cool. As

3 To use, squirt a

little i n to

he palms of

your hands, lather and rinse off.

the mixture cools, 1t becomes more

spray bottles.

Lemon-g ra pefru i t dishwashmg l i q u i d When washing dishes use a tablespoonful of this dishwashmg liqu1d i n hot water. You could a lso use lavender or rosemary essential oil: both are good at cutt1ng

B

\I\ I 'liG

S OD

a lka linr.

\

Groth'.

n w d rrate l �

non-LO\ir abra�lll': c u r s

t h rough grra\C

ancl m l :

a l isorh. odors.

grease. fl.s this is a soap, it does not

BOR

produce as many suds as detergent,

drudoming.

but 1t is still very effective.

alkaline sail t ha t hreaks I Iilii n rasil\

3 tablespoons liquid Castile soap 2 cups (500 ml) warm water 2 teaspoons vegetable glycerine 2 tablrspoons distilled white vinegar 10 drops lemon essential oil

\\

l l 1SIIlf£'rling. s t a i n - rcrnOI ing.

rn o l ! l - i n h i i H L ! n g.

st rungll

111 t ill' l'lll i ro n m t' ll l : sollrns 11 ,111'1' dll!l kill d n ts

and

DISTILLED

\lodt•raLPI}

n>rki'Oill'h t ' .

\1

I I ITt·: \ 1 \ EC

st rnng a r i d t h a t ''

gr£'ase-ru t t ing. molil- i n h ll l i l l llg. tlt•oilorizing a n d a d i s i o l t •C i a n l .

M1x all mgredie nts i n a jar, cover and squeeze bottle.

I I E R B \ L I•:SSI•:\'1'1 \ I . O I LS \1.111) t l l l s a r c c l l ,nllcCLal1 ' 1 . a n t i l lactt•n;il dl1d < l l l t l ­

r u n ga l as ll t·ll a s sll t't't-sHII'II!IIg: ust• I ()() fll'\'(1'111 f lllll' ('SS!'Il l i < l l O i l s. Lfo: \ 1 0 \

,JI ICE

\lold- i n h i l ll l or.

di'OdllliZl'l'. ..,ld\11 1'{'111011'1 dlld lll i h l

h1cuz;t kerb.Y are­

antibacterial, �� f� ;wJ-urtd

rl��

hll'dl'h.

l 'l R E SO \ 1 ' F l . \1\ES O R I . I Q l l f ) C \ST I L E S O \ 1 '

I00

Pt'[('(' 1 1 l llln-dt•gl .rdc�llit'.

111 11 - 1 1 1\ 1 1 . phnsph. l l l'-llt't'

h

a 1 a i lalllc rrorn ht•a l t h

rooil o r orga n1r storr · . l'o1

morr

l n fornla l iOII ahollt t h is produrl. Ca s l \ l t • soap fan.-. S \ LT \ I IIII

� teaspoon peppermint essential oil 1 teaspoon cornflour

tiled floors. I f you use it on tiled areas

Combme all ingredie nts i n a bowl and Stir unti l blended. Pour into a plastic spray bottle. Shake well before using.

outdoors, 1 t wi l l help to keep flies away.

1 cup (250 ml) distilled white vinegar 1 cup (250 ml) methylated spirits 1 cup (250 ml) strong peppermint tea

�"4 od fo � k.Y aM Jtick!f � yonv rdt f� o luu-r/ or f j4 /)Je;

renu;ve.-

This is a great fresh-smelling rinse for

111Ar

(from tea bags or leaves) 5 to 10 drops peppermint essential oil 5 drops dishwashing liquid Combine a l l the i ng redients 1 n a large plast1c bottle, shake horoughly and then decant into a spray bottle. Spray onto the floor and damp mop.

Rose m a ry beeswax fu r n 1 t u r

pohsh

Th is I S a th1ck liquid polish. I f you like more of a paste, mcrease the amount of beeswax and decrease the turpentine to about half-and-half. Gum turpentine is h1ghly flammable, so take care when making th1s. 2 oz. (60 g) pure beeswax pellets (or grated beeswax) 1 cup (250 ml) pure gum turpentine 1 112 teaspoons rosemary essential oil

Put the beeswax a nd turpentme mto a heatproo bowl. 2 Carefu lly s1t the bowl over a saucepan

of barely simmermg water and stir until the beeswax melts and the solution is smooth. Take g reat care not to spil l the liquid as you stir. Alternatively, to avo1d exposmg the mixture to a naked flame, sit the bowl in an electric frymg pan on a low heat. Remove from the heat a nd a l low to cool before adding the rosemary oil. Store i n a sealable glass bottle. To use, pour a little onto a soft cloth a nd apply to wooden surfaces. Polish off with a second cloth until the surface shines.

Q Make up this polish in small quantities,

Keep this lightly scented cloth for general

as you need 1 The v1negar cleans, the oil nourishes and the lavender dismfects,

dustmg. Being slightly oily, it works much better than a plain cloth and will hold the

leaving that mcomparable scent.

dust as you pick it up.

1/2 cup (1 25 ml) distilled white vinegar

1 cup (250 ml) hot water

(or better sti l l , Herb vinegar on

2 tablespoons olive oil

page 292 made with lavender)

1 0 drops lavender essential oil

2 teaspoons ol ive oil 5 to 10 drops lavender essential oil

Combine all the mgredients 1n a Jar or bottle. 2 To use, pour a little onto a soft cloth a nd rub the surface until you achieve a soft shine

Whisk all the ingredients in a bowl. 2 Dip clean soft rags into the solution,

wring them out and hang them to dry. Store them 1n a sealed conta1ner and use them for dusting as required. 3 When the cloth is grubby, simply wash

and re-dip 1t.

H erba l p t c a r Ju t a, you

an u e h rlls to t re a t

u e n huma n a i l me n t s. � o u c a a l o or them effrc l i \ e l y for t h o, c m i n ailmen t

thai

o m c l i m e s t roubl e

your cal or dog. B u t reme m l1er. if an�

y mptom

pe r i s t . you

mu t �eek > eter i n a r

help.

ou

can al o u e herb, to keep you r

pel' hrdcling or·

I eping quarter

clean a n d fre h- mel l i ng.

ca l d . s u n b u rn or hol 'pol sal\ e �toe 1 era

g I take· the sling out

of cald and �unburn and ·oothe a n Itch 'h it h it

moi. t u rizing

properlie . Cut a n nlo

1·era

leaf and appl_ the gel dirrcll� onto calli .. sunburn or hot pots cau rd by !'\Ce \lake

i1e

crat h ing.

ure you a !11 a ) ' brea� orr

the more mature lean�s from the aloe 1 era pla n t .

F i g h t-the-fleas spray

Relieve the discomfort and s t mg of

and the incessant scratch ing can make

sunburn by spraying the affected a rea

owners pretty edgy, too. To keep fleas at

with cool water mixed with witch hazel.

bay, spray t hi s mixture o nt o yo ur pet's

I t has a numbing effect. Be sure to keep

bedding and di rectly onto your pet.

i t away from your pet's eyes.

1 cup ( 2 50 ml) water

4 to 6 drops tea-tree oil 4 to 6 drops lavender essential oil

Arthntis nfus10n

Su n b u rr1 soother

Fleas can drive cats and dogs quite crazy,

Wr n ter P3W mors

Lr

I n cold weather, your dog's paws can become d ry, particularly i f they spend a

Mi x i ng redients together and pour into

lot of trme out m the snow. Rub a daily

a spray bottle.

smear of calendula ointment over the

2 Keep spray by the door and spritz your

The pain and debilitating effects of

dog or cat each time it goes outside,

arthr1t1s can affect elderly cats or dogs

taking care to avoid the eyes.

affected areas.

p

It'

as well as particular breeds. Try these

Keep your dog's sleepmg quarters flea­

two herbal remedies.

free and smelling fresh wrth th1s easy

•

Add a little chopped fresh parsley or grated gmger to your pet's diet.

•

Pour 1 cup (250 ml) borling water over

1

teaspoon fresh rosema ry

'eaves. St1r and cover for 1 5 m i nutes. Stram and store i n he refnger ator

herbal spray.

2 cups (500 ml) boi ling water 2 to 3 peppermi n t (or spearmint) tea bags

'/• teaspoon clove essential oil

for up o 3 days. Over severa l weeks,

Make a s rong tea with the water

m1x

and tea bags.

a

lit le mto your pet's food.

2 Allow o cool and add the essen tral

To

cleter �� Jedifer ririe raplly photog t lta l cunvr n l iooal delete If you Llon't l i ke the Jli'CI·ie ll ima!le. til n u imcnt Kxprr 11 and shoot anot her.

w1th. y o u g e t t he pic t u re y o u 11 a n t to lile

H erb c a n d l e h o l de rs a s pec i a l a u r a tha t's both roma n ti c

cand leligh t g n ra te and []a lteri ng. Th i

i m p l e p ro j e c t a d d

reating a relaxed atmosphere i s easy

C with candles, particularly if they are

a d cora t ive tou c h .

imp/e. bold leaves (bay): or fea thery foliage (fennel). Arrange the herbs on the copy plate or a photocopier

scented with herbs, such as roses, lemon verbena or lavender. With a few herbs,

and print a n image onto ordinary

some vellum paper and a photocopier.

paper u n t i l you are happy with the

you can customize your candles to suit

a r rangement. Then i n

your decor. setting and the fragrance

into the paper tray and print your

of your candles. Vellum paper (from the

design onto it.

French velin for calfskin) was originally

:i Wrap the printed vellum around the

used for scrolls and handwritten

gla s. then fix the edg

manuscripts bound into books. Today·s

each glas .

wide range of colors and is suitable for many papercrafts. It is available from specialist stationery suppliers.

To make you r ca ndle holder 1\'ork out tile size or vellum you will need to ll'rap around your glas . remembering to add a small overlap. Cut out a many pieces as you need.

2 Lay a Fe11 appropriate/ sized herb prig or lea�es on the paper to get

an idea or the arrangement you l i ke be L Try piky leave (ro emary):

These can be made to fit a glass of any size.

0 fresh herb leaves or sprigs. such as bay, fennel or rosemary

col

or photocopier

0 pale green translucent vellum pape r

0 straight-sided high-b all glass 0 double-sided tape 0 tea light or smal l herb-scented cand le �

together with

double- icl d tape. Place a candle in

vellum is made from cotton, comes in a

0

rL the vellum

j

Experiment with sprigs and leaves to get the effect you want.

H r b c a rd a n d tag pe r o n a l i pr

I

d h a n d rn a d

c a rd i

orn e t h i ng t o t r a u re , a n d

ed a n d d r i ed fl ow r a n d h e r b

f you w a n t t h e cards t o last a long time, use acid-free paper, cardboard

La

a t'e pe rfe c t for d cora t i ng t h e m .

nd r ca rd

Score th purple cards tock in half cross wi e. then fold i t in half to form

and cardstock. There is a vast range of

a

ingl -fold card.

beautifu l papers and cardstocks available, 2 Secure the maul'e decorative pa pe r to

and many of them a re handmade. For example, un ryushi paper, handmade i n Thailand, is semi-transparent and con tains short and long fibers. M u l berry paper comes in a range of textures and thicknesses. It is meant to be torn, not cut, producing a pretty frayed edge. We have given finished measurements but you can adapt them to a ny size you wish.

t h e center or the crapbook paper with

This card measures 4'/, x 6 i n . ( 1 5 x 1 1 em). 0 6 x 9 in. (22 x 1 5 em) purple cardstock

j u s t a dab of glue.

:l

a

0 4 x 5'/, in. (9.5 x 1 3.5 em) purple spot scrapbook paper

decorative paper to hold it in place.

0 3 x 4'/, in. (8 x 1 2 em) textured mauve decorative paper

width and tension on crap or paper

0 purple sewing thread

( I t's a good idea to te t your stitch

before you start.)

-t G lue the titched unit to the center

0 sewing machine

or the card tock card.

0 dried lavender sprigs and leaves The traditional method of pressing flowers is to place them between layers of absorbent materials in a book or flower press. While this is an enjoyable way to go about things, it is quite time-consuming. You can now buy flower presses that enable you to press and dry flowers in the microwave in a process that takes only a few minutes or less. Presses are available from craft shops and via the Internet. For best results, pick flowers and leaves in the morning when they are fresh but free of moisture. Give some thought to how they'll look once they are flattened: heartsease will flatten much better than a rose, for instance.

ing purple machine thread. work

l i ne or zigzag around the edge of the

:> Carefully glue lavender sprig and

0 tacky craft glue

leaves i n place on the front.

P re d flo\ve r \v re a t h ca rd !A.Jiuu'- �w need This card measures 5 in. (1 2 em) square. 0 5 x 10 i n. ( 1 2 cardstock

x

24 em) pale green

0 5 in. (1 2 em) square pale green unryushi or m u l berry paper 0 spray adhesive

U ing deckle-edge sci sor . trim the quare of unryu hi paper to 4X in.

0 deckle-edge scissors

( I I em).

0 dried herbs and flowers (we used chervil, heartsease and chamomile)

0 F'I/A glue

2

,! u e pray adhesive to glue the unryu hi

quare to the center or

the card.

half crosswi e a n d fold i t i n half to

rrang dried herbs and Oo\\e rs ull) i n to a \\ reath hape and caref

make a si ngle-fold c a rd .

glue each piece in place .

Score the pale green cardstock in

en fIn e card in front Orange blossom weddin g card, Scented va 1 d· fl d ower wreath car (instruc tions overleaf), Lavender card and Presse

l) C e n t l

ct \ l e n t i n ) ca t d

l i�ht ly ari'Os� the openmg - ll nrrds . omr

g1vr to con t a 1 n t he lwrbs.

t Place a s m a l l a m o u n t or dried la"rndcr and rose llr t a l

on t he Ol'gi:lnza. a n d

ust' tack craft gl u r to

curf" t h e

C8 1'd flap. C I I C I O ln!l t h e herbs.

This card measures 4 x 5'h in. ( 1 0.5 x 1 4 em). purchased trifold card with heart cutout (or make your own) gingham-pat terned scrapbook paper fine craft knife and cutting mat spray adhesive small amount organza or other sheer fabric tacky craft glue

O r a n gc b l o \\ cJ d i n c a rd What �w need

This card measures 5'h in. ( 1 3.5 em) square.

,..., 5'h x 1 1 in. ( 1 3.5 x 27 em) cream cardstock '-' 3'/, in. (9 em) square firm cardboard

dried rose petals and lavender

...J

C u t a rectangle of cra pbook paper

X in. (5 m m ) m a i ler all rou n d t h a n t he size of t h e c a r d front. i n g t h e card a

a tem plate. trace

t he heart o u l l i ne onto the wrong side of the paper rectangl .

ow add 3 to

5 mm a l l rou n d t h e tra ed outline a n d c u t o u t carefully w i th a craft knife. s i ng

pray adhe ive. g l u

th

paper

rectangle to the fron t of the card. taking care to po ilion i t accurately.

-1 G l ue a m a l l piece of organza beh i n d the heart-sha ped o pe n i ng by r u n n ing a thin lin

of glue a ro u n d the edge of

the heart. Don ' t

m

tretch the fabric too

4'/, in. ( 1 1 em) square pale green silk dupion

To make the orange blo a' man

cards tock With a

mall dai y punch . Ligh tly scor e ea h peta l from the edge or the cente r to the lip. (This 'Mil make th peta ls c u rv sligh tly, givmg them a t h ree-di mcn ional appea rance. )

) u ing ali ix trands or yellow e mbroi dery thread in a large needle , pu h thr ne die through the center of a dai y from the fron t . Bring the needle back to the front. clo original entry point (a

tail or thread on the front (abo�e). I n ert i t again i nto the fir t hole. then back to the front aga in.

nthread the

needle and trim the loops and end of thread to about � in. ( I e m ) long. creating a set of tamcn . (The will

blo

0 tacky craft glue

to the

though you

were ewing on a button). leaving a

b

0 spray adhesive

om . punch as you desir e from whit

held in place when you glu the om to the background.)

C 4 in. (10 em) square olive green cardstock 0 small amount white cardstock 0 daisy punch (from craft and scrapbooking stores) 0 yellow stranded embroidery cotton 0 large embroidery needle 0 small pressed leaf sprays (we used new shoots from murraya) 0 craft g lue 0 orange essential oil (optional) 0 cotton bud (optional) Scor

the c r am card tock in half

crosswi a

a n d fold in half to mak

ingle-fold

ard.

2 Lightly p1·ay the front of the 3�-in. (9-cm) cardboard quare with spray adhe ive and plac

it facedown in the

center of the wrong side of the silk d u pion quare. Pold the edge of ilk to

li Pold up the edge of the petal around . the center and along the core line

7 Arran ge and glue th dried I ar pray· ired on the silk background in the de palle rn. (Th i can be quite fiddiy pray ou m ight find it easie r w u e om adhe ive.) dd the orange blo

the back. folding the corners neatly. and

to and glue in place with craft glue

secure in place with tacky craft glue.

hold them secure ly.

:� G l ue th

i l k-covei'Cd

quare to t h e

center of t h e olive green cardstock square. G lue t h i s u n 1 t to t hr front or the cream card.

B If you wish to add fragran cent er and

tamen

c.

dab the

or each bio, om

orange with a cotton ball dipped in ce. choi e enU al oil or one of your

H rh t ags In Gre�k mythology. the bay tr�e was constd�red sacred to Apollo. the sun god. and lat�r to his son Aesculapius, the god of medicine. Apollo b�cam� infatuated with a lovely nymph called Daphne. Sh� spurned htm and b�gg�d th� gods to rescu� h�r. Thetr solutton was to turn her mto a bay tre�.

This card m�asur�s 3'/, i n . ( 9 em) squar�. 2 x 2'1. in. (5.5 x 7 em) fine corrugated board

3 /, in. (9 em] squar� cardstock 2 /.

x

2'1. in. (6

x

Whil� vtctors at the first Olympic games w�re crowned wtth olive leaves, later they were replaced wtth bay and dedicated lo Apollo. The traditton tS still retamed in terms such as "poet laureate" and th� tmportant French secondary school examtnation, the "baccalaureate ·

7 em) plain calico

tacky craft glue herb sprigs (we used chervil, rosemary, parsley and sage) hole punch natural string c:tut· lht• C"Cli"I UI-!d l r•tl hoa nl lo till'

r�rtlhoarrl " l lltlft' 011 an ;mglc•.

.! i'rd\

lht•

c·tlQ!'

l l1t·11 gl w·

rl 111

of l ht • 1 .rlrr n lht• rl'lllt'l of

.r l r l l lc· .

1 111'

'ornr�atc ·d ho;m l. off-sc•11 r11g 1 1 a a r r r g

1 : 1 r w .r sprrg r.rlwo

ol

t l r wtl lll" r h I t t l i lt"

hac �grmrrul

l 'u11rh ,, holt• r r r c r ru· .Ctltl i1 S ( l " l lll: i ll'.

ror rrn

.rrr t l

H

I

r o t ri n cl 0\\1 bo

C reCH e a ga rden o n J o u r \\ i n c l c m s i l l . o u t doors o r i n . a n c l C' n j o a n d c o l o r of ll n l l s t il ro ugh l lw :c a s o n s O n I .

to

creaff!/ aJV

to Ji"�

l la s i c c a r pc n t r

t h e fragra n C ' . la: t c s k i l l , a rc rcq u i r 'Cl .

Wu-ed"inf;uunt �� � w JfO� w C()nfra&tinf C()tor oftloJ�y acrF

Of//

iatur e porta ble wmdow box is a m m s1t it on a you ther Whe garden. attach it to brac kets to w1ndowsi ll or ide wall , this simp le outs an cheer up decorative and practi cal. both IS tner corta moda tes three The design neatly accom such as pots of herbs. Trailin g herbs,

1 1 J l l l d "l' \ O ll l' \\ t l l d l l\ h I

Wit .r 'ww nePd t1

Finished box is 1 9'/, x 9 x 6'/, i n. (488 x 228 x 1 70 m m).

iums look e1em ng primrose or nasturt upright ones, th 1 w ed contrast good when

40 x 2-mm galvanized twist nails

ing herbs such as ch1ves or dill. Try group exa mple, for s texture t differen w1th

35'/, X 7'/, X '/, in. (900 19 mm) radiata pine

pos1t1o n velvety, furry sage alongsid e

82 X 1 '/, X 1/• i n. (2 1 00 1 9 m m ) radiata pine

shmy basil and t1ghtly curled pa rsley. Customize your wmdow box to SUit

your culinary reqweme nts, teaming spicy Vietnamese mmt w1th Citrus-flav ored emon balm and pungent. peppery thyme. Color can play a part, too. Purplish- red

drill and '/.,-in. ( 1 .5-mm) twist bit 1 90

X

42

X

external gloss acry l i c paint for top coat sandpaper, handsaw pencil, tape/square measure

mmt and bnght red chilies a l l make a

small paintbrush

v1sually strikmg splash.

hammer, p u tty

ou doors, it will be constantly exposed o he vagaries of the weather, so make sure you choose quality materials. If you

X

external undercoat paint

perilla, cream-and-gree n variegated apple

If you pos1t1on your window box

X

C u t a 111 ·rr of 7

1 l:iO

m.

'

l !l llliO) Jllllt' l n lO d

1 1 !lO '

I \ 1 71

m m ) lt·nglh for t h t •

ln.

ha�r

and

IIH' Jnps or I he ends. D r i l l 2 hole� a t e a c h end ul t h r .,. Jcnglh . . 1 J a m m r r i n

dec1de o hang 1t on brackets, check that

llil l ls. ��·pt•at o n I h e o t h e r ·1de.

hey are strong enough to support the we,ght of the pots and that the surface on which you place them and the box 1s not cracked or crumbling.

i'O'> I l ion remaimng

2

i lHH-nHn )

lt•ng l h s

IX

hi' /011 l hl'

lop r u n g and rrpec�l lil' l l l l n g

and

As for your chosen herbs, keep a n eye on the mo1sture content of he soil 1n the

\ 1 9/.-l n . tn

(:lO

mm)

hillllllll'rtng.

Sand l lrnhr•J a l l mer l ' u n r h nat/ hl'ads

pots. Wind and sun can q u 1ckly dry 1t out.

dlld pu l l � lll l'r I hem. St"lilt•

•-Ill I

ol J i ll'

/IIB-11 1 1 1 1 ) lt ' ngl il

""'·

It'\,., 11 1 1 11

d I'US/11'.

C / i s i i'('SSt' t/ 11111�

J ill' IKJ\

Cui in

a ro u n d t h

wor l c l d e rive m u c h of Lh e i r'

d i t i nc t i e c h a ra t c r fro m L h e a d cl i L io n o f h rb and

pic

. G o o J o be t ro t l i ng wi t h Lh i , co i l c L i o n

of e c i pe . fro m pa L a a n d p i c k !

L o m e a t a n cl

fi h . fmm o i l

a n d cl r i n k ' .

a n d b read

to c a ke

c

I 'I'll ll< h d'> h