The Bourdon Pressure Gauge

 

^@F JBVZNBE TZF__VZF CMVCF

J\

O. A. JVNFEJFZC, H.O., J.M., H.L.Hfo`.F.

 Zfprletfn arbh7  arbh7  ^ZME_MO^LBE_ BA ^@F _BOLF^\ BA LE_^ZVHFE^ ^FO@EBKBC\ Qbkuhf 0, Eb. :, Guef, =4“s t`f rmpln nfvfkbphfet ba lenustry l enustry men ba rmlkwmys le pmrtloukmr `mn nrmwe mttfetlbe tb t`f lemnfqumoy ba t`f prfssurf hfmsurlec nfvlofs t`fe le usf. ^`fsf wfrf7 (l) t`f hfroury obkuhe9 (ll) m nfvlof  jy w`lo` t`f obhprfsslbe ba mlr le m tujf wms hfmsurfn9 (lll) m plstbe hbvlec le m oyklenfr men obetrbkkfn jy m sprlec. Nlmp`rmchs men ompsukfs s`bwfn sbhf mnvmeof jut lt wms t`f fkmstlo fkfhfet ebw iebwe ms t`f Jburnbe tujf w`lo` wms pmtfetfn le =0>< jbt` jy Fucfef Jburnbe ba Tmrls men _o`lez ba Obkbcef w`lo` swfpt t`f jbmrn men `ms fvfr sleof rfhmlefn t`f nbhlemet  prleolpkf prfssurf hfmsurfhfet. ^`fsf levfetbrs mppfmr tb le `mvf hmnf t`f nlsobvfry lenfpfenfetky ba fmo` bt`fr men prbjmjky nln sb sbhf tlhf jfabrf t`fy tbbi but t`flr pmtfets. Fmrky le =0>< t`f _o`lez cmucf wms rfpbrtfn tb `mvf jffe suoofssaukky trlfn but be sfvfrmk Mustrlme men Cfrhme rmlkwmys, w`lkst t`f fkmjbrmtlbe men nftmlk ba Jburnbe“s spfolalomtlbe, wlt` lts 3: nlmcrmhs, mrf mhpkf fvlnfeof ba huo` wbri men fxpfrlhfet. Jburnbe wbrifn abr sbhf yfmrs wlt` Qlnlf, t`f levfetbr ba t`f hftmkklo jmrbhftfr w`lo` wms alrst omkkfn ‐mefrbln“ jy `lh, jut kmtfr t`fy afkk but, men Jburnbe“s jrlkklmet tujf pmtfet wms kbst jfomusf t`f levfetlbe wms strmecfky `fkn tb `mvf jffe leokunfn le Qlnlf“s mefrbln pmtfet. S`fe Jburnbe wmkifn but ba oburt m nlsmppbletfn hme men `fmvlky hukotfn le nmhmcfs lt ome `mrnky `mvf boourrfn tb `lh t`mt `f wms cblec tb `mvf t`f kmst kmuc` men fetfr letb fecleffrlec lhhbrtmklty w`lkf t`f emhf ba `ls obequfrbr amnfn letb rfkmtlvf bjklvlbe. BTFZM^LBE BA ^@F JBVZNBE CMVCF

^`f motlbe ba t`f Jburnbe tujf t ujf nfpfens upbe t`f twb slnfs ba m akmttfefn tujf jflec abrofn mpmrt w`fe t`f letfremk prfssurf ls leorfmsfn. La m tujf ba t`ls sfotlbe ls  jfet letb m oblk lt tfens ttb b ueoblk men strmlc`tfe uenfr  prfssurf9 la bef fen b baa t`f tujf ls alxfn, t`f ueoblklec u eoblklec faafot omusfs t`f arff fen tb hbvf. ^`f hbtlbe ba t`ls arff fen ls usfn tb hbvf m pbletfr be m somkf tb lenlomtf t`f prfssurf mppklfn tb t`f tujf. ^`ls tujf ome tmif sfvfrmk abrhs ba w`lo` beky t`rff mrf le ourrfet usf. Jy amr t`f hbst wlnfky usfn abrh ls t`f O-s`mpfn Jburnbe tujf. ^`f akmttfefn br bvmk tujf ls jfet letb me mro ba mjbut :64´. Lt ome jf hmnf tb obvfr prmotlomkky mkk t`f rmecfs le w`lo` prfssurf cmucfs mrf hmnf. Abr sbhf purpbsfs m akmt tujf wbuen letb m splrmk ls usfn t`frfjy nforfmslec jbt` vbkuhf o`mecf    Guef, = s`bws t`f nlrfotlbes le w`lo` w`lo` v vmr mrlbu lbus pblets be t`f tujf hbvf, ms omkoukmtfn arbh (:). ^`f hmce tunf ba t`f klat ba t`f tujf fen omeebt  jf omkoukmtfn wlt` mey  prfolslbe, ju Cbltfle `ms abuen t`mt t`f fhplrlomk abr  ukm7  

r,  men t   mrf ms le Alc. ? 9 w`frf  M, J, r,  men F 8  8  9 8 prfssurf le tujf9 men F \buec“s hb ukus ba tujf hmtfrlmk. ^`ls clvfs me moourmtf fstlhmtf ba t`f nfabrhmtlbe a t`f tujf arbh w`lo` t`f klat ome jf om oukmtfn abr m ofrtmle rmecf ba slzfs.

Alc. =„^yplomk mrrmecfhfet ba Jburnbe cmucf Hfmsurlec _ystfh

^`f  typlomk mrrmecfhfet ba m Jburnbe cmucf ls s`bwe le Alc. =. ^`f hbvfhfet br ‐klat“ ba t`f okbsfn fen ba t`f Jburnbe tujf rfsuktlec arbh letfremk prfssurf o`mecf ls obevfrtfn letb rbtmry hbtlbe jy m slhpkf hfo`melsh tfrhlemtlec le m rbtmtlec s`mat w`lo` omrrlfs t`f pbletfr. Alcurf : s`bws m kfss ob hhbe mrrmecfhfet le w`lo` t`f fen ba t`f tujf ls nlrfotky obeefotfn t`rbuc` m klei tb t`f pbletfr splenkf men t`f somkf be t`f nlmk nlmk ls t`frf t`frfabr abrff ffoo oofe fetrl trlom omkky kky nl nlsp spb bsfn men s`brt. ^`ls mrrm mrrmec ecfh fhfe fett ls ls h hmmle leky ky usf usfn b be e ooffrtmle shmkk cmucfs w`lo` mot ms lenlomtbrs.

Ms m r kf, prfssurf cmucf hmeuamoturfrs  nb bt usf omkoukmtlbes suo` ms t`fsf jfomusf t`fy mrf mjkf tb prfnlot t`f klat ba mey t  jf suaalolfetky okbsfky abr t`f `flr lr purpb pbss s arbh fxpfrlfeof ba t`f  jf`mvlbur ba slhlkmr tujfs. Le mey omsf lt ls ebt efo ssmry tb nb t`ls vfry moourmtfky jfomusf t`frf mrf mpprfolmjkf vmrlmtlbes le t`f t`loiefss men orbsssf sfot otlb lbe eb baa t`f t`f tuj tujlec lec mvm mvmlk lkmm kf. ^`f hmeefr ba jfenlec mksb ksb ` `mms me faafo afot be be t` t`ff mhbuet ba klat. Abr hm hmeuamoturlec p pu urpbsfs lt `ms jffe abuen nfslrmjkf nfslrmj kf tb usf t`f smhf kla men cmucf hbvfhfet abr

O@MZMO^FZL_^LO_ BA ^@F JBVZNBE ^VJF  Nlrfotlbe men Hmceltunf ba Hbvfhf t

^`f tfenfeoy tfenfeoy ba t`f Jburnbe Jburnbe tujf tb strmlc`tfe ltsfka uenfr prfssurf `ms t`f fqulvmkfet aafot ba leorfmslec t`f rmnlus ba ourvmturf ba t`f tujf. Arbh t`ls mssuhptlbe, t`f nlrfotlbe ba hbtlbe ba mey pblet ba t`f tujf ome jf omkoukmtfn. Le Alc. ?, la `f tujf ls ba kfect`  K men  K men ls jfet t`rbuc` me meckf ΰ  wl  wlt me faafotlvf rmnlus r, r, t`fe  t`fe t`f nlrfotlbe ba hbtlbe ba t`f arff fen ba t`f tujf  T(x, y), y), rf  rfkm kmtl tlv vf ttb b t` t`f alx alxffn ffe en, w lo` ls tmife ms t`f brlcle, ome j jff om omkoukmtf koukmtfn, n, mssuhle mssuhle t`mt t`f kfect` ba t`f tujf nbfs ebt o`mecf, men t`mt fen faafots mrf ebt mpprfolmjkf.  Ebw men w`frf

 x 8 - r   sle sle ΰ    y 8 r ( k - obs ΰ ) ΰ  8 K/r

(=)

men t`ls clvfs t`f kbous ba  T.   T.  ^` s t`f nlrfotlbe ba hbvfhfet ba  T   ome jf abuen jy laafrfetlmtlec. ^`ls clvfs7 ny nx

8

 

= - obs ΰ   - ΰ  sle ΰ   ΰ   obs ΰ   - sle ΰ  

^rmesmotlbes ba t`f _bolfty ba Lestruhfet ^fo ebkbcy

 

(:)  

 Guef, =6 le.). ^`fsf mrf nrmwe p p` `bsp`br-jrbezf tujfs ms ty lomkky usfn le 1-le. nlmk nlm. cmucfs. M vmrlmtlbe ba  pfr ofet le wmkk t`loiefss wlkk prbnuof m vmrlmtlbe ba =:-6 pfr ofet le t` t`ff prf prfss ssur urff rfqu rfqulr lrfn fn tb clvf lvf t`f t`f stm nmrn klat. La t`f le letf tfrrlb lbrr mme en fx fxtf tfrrlbr ssu ur mofs ba t`f tujlec arbh w`lo` t`f Jburnbe tujfs mrf tb jf hmnf mrf ebt ob-mxlmk, t`fe Jburnbe tujfs jfet arbh lt s`bw wlnf nlaafrfeofs ba jf`mvlbur. ^`fsf v rlmtlbes mrf fspfolmkky lmkky  eb ebtl tlof ofmj mjkf kf la twb twb b bvm vmkk J Jbu burr be tujfs arbh t`f smhf kfect` ba tujlec mrf jfet le  ppbsltf nlrfotlbes. Aurt` Aurt`fr frhb hbrf rf,, tt`f `frf rf hm hmy y jf nla nlaaf afrfe rfe fs mkbec t`f kfect` ba t`f smhf plfof ba tujlec. ^` ^`ff `lc `lc`f `fst st pr prfs fssu surf rf rm rmec ecff h nf arbh m ofrtmle wlnt` ba sfotlbe ls cbvfrefn jy t`f  pfrabrhmeof ba t`f t` f tujf. Abr fxmhpkf fxmhpkf,, cmu cmucfs cfs hmnf wlt` p`bsp`br- jrbezf t ujf s ba h hb brf t`me 4-464 le. wmkk t` t`loiefss mrf

kli liffky tb ssu uaafr ar arbh ffx xofsslvf `ystfrfsls, sleof t`f faafot ba obkn wbrilec nbfs ebt pfeftrmtf rlc`t t`rbuc` t`f wmkk, men pbssljky nuf tb t`f crfmtfr strmle le t`f tujf wmkk. Tbwfr ba ^ujf ^`f kbwfs kbwfstt prfss prfssurf urf rm rmec ecf abr w`lo` m ofrtmle wlnt` ba tujlec tujlec ls usfn usfn ls c cbvf bvfref ref  jy t`f mjlklty ba t`f tujf tb wbri t`f hbvfhfe hbvfhfett men men tb wlt`stmen t`f s`bois lt rf rfooflv lvffs le le nm nmy-tb tb--nmy ` `mmen lec. M tujf wlt` t`le wmkks w`lo` lo` ` `mms jffe huo` akmt kmtt efn tb rfnuof lts prfssurf rm rmec ecff ls nf nfkl klom omtf tf,, jf jfle lec c klm klm kf tb tmif m sft la ebt prbtfotfn tfotfn mc mcml mles estt s` s`bo boi. i. ^ ^`ls `ls typf ba tujf ls sbhftlhfs ebt  pbwfrauk febuc` tb hmif m smtlsamotbry cmucf. ^`f pbwfr ba m tujf le r kmtlbe tb m hbvfhfet hmy  jf fxprfssfn ms t`f fefrcy `lo` wbukn jf rfqulrfn tb rf rftu ture re t`f t`f fen fenp plfof lfof ba t`f t`f tujf tb lts brlclemk pbsltlbe matfr matfr m p prf rfss ssur urff ffqu qumk mk tb t f rmecf ba t`f cmucf `m.s  jffe mppklfn. Alcurf 1 s`b s `bw t`f fefrcy vmrlfs abr tujfss ba nlaafrf tujf nlaafrfet et rm rmecf ecfss men wlnt`s. ^`frf ls m ofrtmle

fefrcy abr fvfry hbvfhf hbvfhfe et men pbletfr jfkbw w`lo` nlaaloukty ls fxpfrlfeofn le omkljrmtlec t`f cmucf, men  jfkbw w`lo` t`f arlotlbe le t`f hbvfhfet omusfs ‐stloi.“ _mtlsamotbry cmucfs hmy jf hmnf arbh t`fsf kbw-fefrcy tujfs jy uslec klc`t pbletfrs, jy outtlec nbwe nbwe t`f t`f w wfflc`t lc`t ba mmkk kk hb hbv v ec pmrts, men jy vfry omrfauk mssfhjky. M jfttfr wmy, `bwfvfr, ls tb usf m sfotlbe ba crf crfmtf mtfrr wlnt wlnt` `w w`l `lo` o`,, ab abrr t f smhf rmecf, `ms m t`loifr wmkk wmkk me men n clv clvfs fs hbrf hbrf ffef efrc rc . ^`f kbwfr usumk klhlt ba  prfssurf rmecf abr t`f Jburnbe cmucf ls 4-=6 kj/le:. Cmucfs ba 4-? kj/le:  mrf oomslbemkky usfn, jut t`f nlmp`rmch typf ba cmucf ls hbrf smtlsamotbry abr  prfssurf rmecfs ba 4-=4 kj/l : br kfss.   O`blof ba Hmtfrlmks 

Alc. ?„Nlmcrmhhmtlo rfprfsfetmtlbe a Jburnbe tujf men fekmrcfn vlfw ba orbss-s fotlbe    Guef, =: 6-6 :-6  jmk. 

Jrmzfn _orfwfn 

 T`bsp`br Jrbezf (nrmwe)   (nrmwe)  Jfrykkluh Obppfr (nrmwe) (hmo`lefn)

_bat sbknfrfn Jrmzfn  Jrmzfn  

@fmt ^rfmthfet  Ebef    Ebef

mucfs

Zmecf (Hmx. cmucf crmnumtlbe : le kj/le   =6-=444

 Trfolpltmtlbe `mrnfefn  

6-6444

 Ebtfs

^`fsf hmtfrlmks mrf usfn uekfss t`fy mrf mttmoifn  jy t`f prfssurf hfnluh 

=444- le. nlm. men bvfr, ob hbeky `mvf levbkutf tfft` frrbr leorfms leorfmsfs fs fvfr fvfr h hbrf brf ss`mrpk `mrpk ms a`f hmxlhuh w`lo` ome jf hmnf tb clvf f trfhfky fvfe trmeshlsslbe mppkl klffn prfssurf leorfmsfs. La t` t`ff m ppklfn prfssurf ls le ba hbtlbe. @bwfvfr, shmkk hbvfhfets wlt` levbkutf fx fxof ofss ss ba t` t`ff hm hmxl xlhu huh h so sommkf cr crmn mnu umtlbe men ls bvfr t`f tfft` mrf mrf ebt ebt ms smtlsamotb smtlsamotbry ry m t`bsf wlt` oyokblnmk tfft`. bvfrkbmn bvf rkbmn prfs prfssur surf, f, t`fe t` t`ff `ystfr `ystfrfs fsls kbbp hmy jfobhf ^`f ^`frfab rfabrf rf c cmuc mucfs fs ba ba ? le. nl nl k slzf br kfss usumkky `mvf me bpfe bef. ^`f cmucf tujf ls t`fe smln tb tmif m hb hbv vfhf fhfet etss w wlt lt` ` ooy yokbln kblnmmk tfft`. M `mlr sprlec ls efmrky  pfrhmefet sft (B, M, (B, M, J, N, A, @  le  le Alc. 3). La t`ls sft ls ebt mkwmys alttfn be t`f plelbe tb mif up t`f skmoi le t`f tfft` t fft` fx fxof ofssl sslvf vf t`f cm cmuc ucff ome ome jf rf rfom omklj kljrm rmtfn men wlkk aueotlbe men le t`f plvbts. ^`ls sprlec s`bukn jf strbec febuc` tb bvfr lts somkf rmecf gust ms wfkk ms p fvlbusky. tmif up t` t`ff skmo kmoi ju jutt e eb bt ssttrbec febuc` tb omusf mey   ^`f tujf le t`f cmucf w`lo` cmvf t`f rfsukts pkbttfn le ‐s ‐stlo tloi“ i“ le le t` t`ff bpf bpfrm rmtlb tlbe e ba t f cmucf jy leorfmslec t`f Alc. 0 wms ba p`bsp`br jrbezf men mn jffe nfkljfrmtfky arlo arlotlbe tlbe abr abrofs ofs le t` t`ff cfm cfmrr tfft men le t`f plvbts.^`f beky sbatfefn tb fxmccfrmtf t`f faafots ba `ystfrfsls. ^`f rmecf mngusthfets efofssmry le t`f bvfhfet lkkustrmtfn mrf tb (4-=444 kj/le:) wms o`bsfe o`bsfe sb t`mt t`f tujf obukn jf t`f kfect` ba t`f obeefotlec lei men t`f pbsltlbe ba t`f obhpmrfn obhp mrfn wlt` bef w`lo` w`lo` `mn ebt jffe nfkljfrmtfky s`bukn s`buknfr fr sorfw sorfw le t`f skbt b t`f qumnrmet. ^`f abrhfr sbatfefn, men wlt` m stffk bef. ^`f hmxlhuh `ystfrfsls mngusthfet femjkfs t`f qumnrmet tb jf obrrfotky frrbr be t`f ebrhmk tujf wms ? kj/le:, men be t`f stffk tujf  pbsltlbefn men t`f kmttfr o`me fs lt wms ebt nftfotmjkf. _tffk tujfs nb, `bwfvfr, s`bw `ystfrfsls w`fe t`fy mrf hmnf letb lc` prfssurf cmucfs.  

^rmesmotlbes ba t`f _bolfty ba Lestruhfet ^fo`ebkbcy

 

 Guef, =)  ^`f faafot ba mey stmtlo `fmn ba klquln `ms jffe mkkbwfn abr le t`f omkl jrmtlbe ba t`f cmucf. _uo` mkkbwme mkkb wmeof ofss mrf sbhftl sbhftlhf hf nlaaloukt tb nftfrhlef men le om omsf sfss ba nb nbuj ujtt ob obes esuk uktt t f cmucf hmeuamoturfr stmtlec w`ft`f w`f t`frr m prfss prfssurf urf,, vm vmou ouu u , br obhpbuen cmucf ls tb jf usfn usf n mmen en s`bw s`bwlec lec jy hfm hfmes ba m nlhfeslbemk sifto` t`f rfkmtlbes`lp jftwffe t`f lpf tmpplec men cmucf alxlec  pblets. (6)  S`frf m cmucf `ms  jffe omkljrmtfn tb mkkb mkkbw w abr m klquln `fmn, t`f plplec rue ls kmln tb mvbln mlr kbois, ms amr ms pbssljkf. (1)  ^`f cmucf ls hbu tfn uprlc`t uekfss lt `ms jffe omkl omkljr jrm tf n ab abr ru usf sf le mey b wlt` `fr mttltunf. (3) ^`f cmucf ls alttfn me lsbkmtlec oboi br vmkvf  mtfn la lt ls tb jf usfn be stfmh br be mey mppklomtlbe w`frf lt hmy hmy jf e effofssmry ttb b rrffh vf lt w`lkf t`f pkmet ls uenfr  prfssurf. Omrf hust mksb mksb jf tmi tmiff tb mvbln kmrcf men `fmvy obeefotlec plplec tb c cmm cfs, fspfolmkky suramof- men aku akus`-hbu bue etle tlec cmucfs w frf t`f cmucfs ome fmslky jf

_MAF^\ TZFOM ^LBE_ ^`f pbssljlkl pbssljlklty ty ba Jburnb Jburnbe e tujf rupturf hust jf tmife letb moobuet, men ms t`ls hmy kfmn tb m vlbkfet jkbw-but le t`f omsf ba cmucfs jflec usfn be `lc`- prfssurf cms lt ls fssfetlmk tb fesurf t`mt t`f akylec ckmss men bt`fr pmrts nb eb ebtt omusf omusf llegu egury ry tb tb me mey ybef stmen stmenll c le arbet ba t`f cmucf. Lt ls t`frfabrf lhpfrmtlvf t`mt mey suo` cmucfs crmnumtfn tb m prfssurf fxoffnlec =444 kj le:  mrf obestruotfn be smafty smafty prle prleolpk olpkfs fs n nfslc fslcefn efn ttb b nlrfot t`f jurst jmoiwmrns. ^b t`ls t`ls fen fen m st strb rbec ec pm pmrtl rtltlb tlbe e ls omst le t`f omsf jftwffe t`f tujf men t`f nlmk men t`f jmoi ba t`f cmucf ls obvfrfn  jy m vfry t`le nlso. Mksb, t`f nlmk ckmss ls kmhlemtfn. La t`ls cmucf ls tb jf suramof- buetfn, m spmof ba ebt kfss t`me a le. hus hustt jf kfat jftwff jftwff lt men t`f wmkk sb t`mt t`f nlso obvfrlec t`f jmoi ls ebt r fstrmlefn.    Mey  Mey   cmuc cmucff u usf sfn n be be bxy bxyc cfe hust fhjbny t`f mjbvf smafty afmturfs men jf mjsbkutfky rff ba crfmsf br blk. Mey cmucf usfn be moftykfef s`bukn `mvf t`f smhf obes obestru truotl otlbe be ms me bx bxyc ycfe fe cm cmu u f, men s`bukn `mvf m Jb Jburn urnbe be tuj tujff h hmn mnff b baa stff stffkk br br ‐ “ Hbefk br bt`fr kbw obppfr obetfet mkkby. ^`f mjbvf mjbvf p prfomu rfomutlbes tlbes mrf hbrf aukky nfsorljfn le t`f Jrltls` _tmenmrn mkrfmny rfafrrfn tb be p. 0:.

Al c. c. =6„ =6„O O`fo `foi eut eut abr pr prbtf tlec cmucf mcmlest sunnfe rfkfmsf ba rfssurf    Guef, =-le. nlmk slzf s`bukn jf sorm sormpp ppfn fn la t`fy t`fy rfqu rfqulr lrff hbrf t`me m okfme-up men slhpkf mngusthfet. (:)  Zmlsf t`f prfssurf tb mjbut :6 pfr ofet mjbvf t`f hmxlhuh somkf rfmnlec men matfr kfmvlec lt t`frf abr mjbut tfe tfe sfobe sfobens ns ms m tfs abr kfmimcf, rfkfmsf skbwky tb zfrb rb.. Nu Nurle lec c t` t`ls ls tfs tfst bj bjs rvf t`mt t`f pbletfr rftures tb lts lts b brl rlcl clem emkk rrfm fmnl nlec ec be rfkf rfkfmsf tb mthbsp`frf, tmpplec t`f cmucf la efofssmry. La t`f  pbletfr amlks tb rfture, lt ls m slce t`mt t`f tujf `ms nftf lbrmtfn le sfrvlof men rfqulrfs rfpkmofhfet. (?)  Zmlsf t`f prfssurf tb t`f hmxlhuh somkf rfmnlec vfry skbwky men wmto` t`f pbletfr okbsfky tb nftfrhlef la t`f motlbe ba t`f cmucf ls shbbt`. Zfkfmsf prfssurf vfry skbwky skbw ky tb bjs bjsfrv frvff motlb motlb nurlec prfssurf amkk. Gfriy motl motlbe be usu sumk mkky ky lenl lenlom omtf tfss w mr, stloilefss le t`f hbvfhfet br kleimcf, br m nmhmcfn mlr sprlec. (>)  Zmlsf t`f prfssurf men ebtf rfmnlecs t`rbuc`but t`f t`f somk somkff be rlsle lslec c me men n aammkklec prfssurfs. La t`fsf s`bw m obestmet frrbr men la t`f `ystfrfsls nbfs ebt fxoffn | pfr ofet lt ome ome jf mss mssuhfn uhfn t`mt t`f tujf ls smtlsamotbry. La t`f fr frrb rbrr leor leorfm fmsf sfss w wlt lt` ` pr prfs fsss rf leorfmsf lt ls klifky t`mt t`f tujf tujf `ms `ms w wfm fmif ifef efn n le le sfr sfrvl vlof. La, be rmlslec prfssurf arbh zfrb tb t`f hmxlhuh nlmk rfssurf, t`f pbletfr ls abuen tb trmvf trmvfkk eb ebtt hb hbrf rf t`me t`me mjb mjb t =4 pfr ofet le fxofss ba t`f hmrifn hmri fn somkf somkf kkfec fect`, t`, t` frrbr ome jf obrrfotfn jy hbvlec hbv lec tt`f `f obeef obeefotl otlec ec rbn butwmrns mkbec t`f qumnrmet skbt. La lt trmvfks hbrf t`me t`ls, t`f tujf effns rfpkm rfp kmof ofhf hfet. et. La t`f t`f mhbu mhbuet ba `ystfrfsls mt t`f hlnnkf  pblet ba t`f somkf mppfmrs mrcf abr t`f typf ba cmucf men  prfssurf rmecf, r mecf, t`f ttujf ujf e ffns rfpkmofhfet. ^`f effn tb rfpkmof t`f tujf s`bukn ebt batfe boour le wfkk- hmnf

 Guef, =-M-=1 -M-=1, p. 1-M-=16.

Alc. =0„ieboilec be pbletfr

tmpfrfn plelbe s`mat wlt` m cfetkf  jkbw wlt` m `bkkbw nrlat (Alc. =0). ^`f ttlh lhff tm tmi ife ttb b mmn ngu gusst t` t`f c ucf nfpfens kmrcfky be fxpf fxpfrl rlfe feof of,, ju jutt lltt ome ome jf s` s`br brtf tf fn jy uslec m spfolmk tfstlec nlmk ba t`f smhf omkljrmtlbe men `mvlec m out-but tb clvf moofss moofss tb t`f sklnfr wlt wlt`bu `but t`f effn tb rfhbvf t`f nlm nlmk. k. Aurt` Aurt`fr fr ttlhf lhf ome ome jf jf smv smv n jy uslec sorfwfn  pfcs lestfmn ba nlmk sorfws abr quloi men fmsy nlmk o`meclec (Alc. =. JZL^L_@ _^MENMZN =  =3 304 7 =< YJburnbe“s nfslceX, Flsfe`m`e-Wfltuec, nfslceX,  Flsfe`m`e-Wfltuec, =0><  =0>> (4)=1= 333 3?