The Bodyguards Bible (Revised 2000)

.. .. .. .. Total Quality Management Security Through ..

Bodyguard International Ltd

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Services

The Bodyguards Bible . . . . . . . The BSI Training Manual

© BSI Ltd All rights reserved 2000 Company Registered Number: 3735523 VAT Number: 724545240

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The Bodyguards Bible

Copyright 1995 – 1996 – 1997 – 1998 – 1999 - 2000 – by BSI and 2001 – 2002 – 2003 by BSI Ltd Published by: Bodyguard Services International Limited, Email: [email protected] All rights reserved. Our copyright is rigidly enforced. Except for use in a review, no portion of this Program may be reproduced in any form including email and Computer Disk without the express permission of the publisher. PROTECTED BY INTERNATIONAL COPYRIGHT

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.. .. .. .. This publication is not meant to replace Hands on training, there is no replacement for the . real thing but for today’s Specialist to carry out their role efficiently he/she will have to study constantly to keep up to date with new practices.

TITLES • General Overview / Personal Security • Bodyguard Lifestyle • Bodyguard Protocol • Client Contact • Client Profiling • Client Education • Threat Assessment • Operational Planning • Operational Orders • Security Advance Party • Residential Security Team • Hotel Security • Restaurant & Venue Security • Office Security • Client Travel Security • Vehicle Travel Security • Team Formations • Walking Drills • Vehicle Embus - Debus Drills • Defensive / Offensive Driving – Anti Ambush Techniques • Escort Drills • Secured Meetings • Unarmed Combat Pistol Marksmanship Training • Hostage / Kidnap Briefing • Introduction to Hostage Rescue • Hostage Rescue - Dynamic Entries • Special Response Teams • CQB Tactics • Electronic Counter Measures • IED - Introduction • IED - Building Search • IED - Vehicle Search • Bombs - Introduction • Bombs - Mail & Deliveries • Basic Surveillance Techniques • Vehicle Surveillance - Give Away Signs • Counter Surveillance, Espionage Theory • Tactical Communication • Radio Communication • Escalation & De-escalation of Force • First Aid – Trauma Management • Terrorist Tactics • Use of Force Theory

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General Overview / Personal Security There are three main principles that I personally think apply to most situations. These are: • • •

That the individual is responsible for his or her own security” That the security measures must match the threat level” That constant awareness is the cornerstone of good personal security”

All security is a compromise and in the field of close protection, that compromise is between the requirements of the security and the demands of living a near normal life as possible by the VIP. A security procedure without the correct mental approach is a total waste of time. We are faced with THREAT – this is the basis of our business and we need to look at threat from 3 perspectives: 1. THREAT AWARNESS 2. THREAT EVALUATION 3. THREAT AVOIDANCE The second and third areas are reactive and totally in the hands of the first. Evaluation is a function and is determined by time! One is incapable of evaluating if time is negligible. What will happen is the classic freeze scenario, “do I shoot or do we run”

BODYGUARD Lifestyle I don’t want you to get any opinions of when trying to become a bodyguard you will end up being in a James Bond lifestyle. This is a hard business to get into and harder one to stay in; the primary reason is because most of us within the profession know each other if not personally but professionally buy reputation. We have a saying in this business that you’re only as good as your last job. What we will teach you over the next 30 days are real life practical skills that can be used the moment you start your first contract. What’s expected of a professional Bodyguard: Reliability, Personality, and Confidentiality. But the primary expectation is one of Professionalism. E.g. NO Drink, Drugs, Emotional problems ETC The object of Personal Security is to reduce the risk of Kidnap, assassination or Criminal act by the application of certain principles and procedures to normal daily life.

BODYGUARD Protocol Protocol is one of the most common reasons for BODYGUARD’S being hired or fired, 4

.. .. .. .. such subjects as dress, hygiene, habits and behavior. The subject can be covered but . you will learn as you go on in the industry, clients requirements vary. Dress code may be formal, informal or a cultural requirement.

Protocol should be written into the SOP’s for each contract: Dress Appearance is very important, it is the first impression a potential client will see of you. If you are dress immaculately people will assume you to be able to take care of yourself and also carry out your business in the same manner, feel good with your dress and it will show by your confidence. Your suit is what you will be wearing most of the time when with corporate clients, stay away from 100% polyester & Linen as they crease very easily. Only if a client prefers a single or double suit then either should be fine, try to go for the conservative looking suit, navy blue or grey choose black suits carefully, try to steer away from the MIB look or the stereotypical BG look. Make sure your suit trousers fit you properly and just reach your shoes; short trousers should not be an option. Pastel shirts are all right throughout the working day but try to wear white shirts for the evenings. Always have spare shirts around when traveling and in case for emergencies. Wear long shirtsleeves, if you have any tattoos, make sure they are covered the appearance of the shirt collar and cuffs are important… always make sure they are clean. Ties should be silk and match your choice of suit and shirt, keeping the not smart and in line with your collar. Wear a decent size belt; keep to black with not a fancy shiny buckle. Shoes should be tie-ups and not slip on's, always tie in double knots for safety. Black shoes go with most clothing and should always be kept very clean. Make sure they fit you correctly you will be doing a lot of walking and standing around. Blisters can be painful and will detract you from your primary duty. Socks should be dark in color or match the clothing you are wearing, not white or multi colored. Hygiene Avoid body odor at all costs, shower and wash as much as possible. Teeth should be cleaned and breathe fresh, nails clipped and clean, hair combed and looking well taken care of beards trimmed and stubble free. Try to wear odorless deodorant with hardly any scent. Habits Smoking is not acceptable even if the client smokes try not to smoke on duty. Nose picking should not be done, Try to use a handkerchief and be discrete. No gum chewing at all. Wear comfortable clothing and underwear, the last thing you want is to be fidgeting with your underwear etc? Behavior Always be on your best behavior, you do not know who is watching you at any time, maybe not your client but associates. 5

Never let your client see you having fun and talking and laughing with other team members, drivers or any waitress, could be seen as you not doing your job correctly.

CLIENT Contact Before attending a meeting with a potential client you should endeavor to gather as much information on the individual and company. This will dictate you’re the best course of action for the contract negotiation process. Basic background checks by using credit reference agencies, companies’ house and relevant publications / who’s who etc the Internet is a great tool for looking for and researching people or companies. You will need to establish the following

Who he is and what position he holds? What is the nature of his business? What business partners there may be? Where and how is he financed?

Arrive at the meeting early and carry out counter surveillance before entering. You may even position outside protective surveillance if you feel necessary. During the interview you will need to build up an accurate picture of events, which would warrant your services. Not all clients will be truthful and may hold back on certain information. Experience in interview techniques will be beneficial in allowing this information to be obtained. • • • • • • • •

What are the reasons for using your services? Assess those reasons, is there a real threat or possibly imagined? Are you there it boost an ego, be a companion or deal with a dangerous situation? Has a threat actually been made to the client? What restrictions will the client be putting on you? Is the threat to be treated seriously? Have the authorities been made aware? What action and procedures have been instigated if any?

You will need to discover if any surveillance has been put on the client, this will include physical & electronic. If surveillance is present this could indicate the possible origin of the treat. You will need to ascertain the level of skill involved in the surveillance: • • •

Government Commercial Private

High level Medium level (Private Investigators) Low level (Criminal elements)

Now you should have a reasonably accurate picture of the treat and be in a position to recommend a few solutions on how you are able to help. Make the client aware of the solutions and that they are based on information given, possible further investigations may change the outcomes.

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.. .. .. .. decided to accept the contract a detailed threat assessment should begin If you have . immediately. CLIENT Profiling A client profile will include preferences and restrictions you will have to work with Always keep in mind that you are in the firing line, should the client restrict your suggestions in such a way it would be dangerous for you and your team, turn the contract down. People Places Personality Beliefs History

Lifestyle

Family - Blood/ Marriage Friends/Acquaintances Associations/Clubs/Religious affiliations Places of birth - Blood/Marriage Places of living - Home/Holiday Places of work/Places of leisure Aggressive, abrasive, confrontational, stubborn, easygoing, approachable Religious Prejudices Past affiliations Associations Military Criminal Medical Previous threats Single Married Divorced Gay Mistresses Gambling Drinking Philanderer Deceiving Workaholic Food Drink Theatre Sports

Now you can establish a threat level and the best approach to effectively protect your client.

CLIENT Education The ability to communicate effectively with your client and educate him in matters of his own security is essential. Client education should show the treats/ dangers along with self-protection procedures/ techniques that the client/ family must adopt in their daily lives, without if possible affecting normal everyday tasks. Begin by briefing the client as how the opposition gains intelligence/ information; this should include his patterns/ habits, surveillance techniques and informers. The client should limit access to information about

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• • • • •

Movements, patterns, lifestyle. Travel modes, itineraries, business arrangements. Clients company position, duties, associates/ colleagues. Plans of client’s office/ home. Security arrangements/ procedures.

Feed false information out on your clients, movements and routes? Basic counter surveillance procedures should be installed to the client/ family & staff • • • • • •

Vehicles cursing or passing the area Persons loitering or sitting in vehicles Empty vehicles/ vans parked in the area Work crews appearing to do no work Door salesmen, religion callers, and surveys Phone calls requesting information on client or family

General Security Advice • • • • • • • • • • •

Travel by different routes at different times if possible Avoid the use of pubs, restaurants/ venues at pre-arranged times Never walk alone & avoid walking at night Advise staff not to provide information on the clients/ families activities Avoid meeting unknown persons at scheduled times & unknown locations Try to memorize all office, home, emergency phone numbers Press releasers & memos should not contain travel plans, times, phone numbers Any photos of client/ family should not be recent Carry out a clean desk policy & use shredders/ safes Do not use designated parking Never book restaurants etc in your own name

Traveling Advice • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

Always search the vehicle and surrounding area before entering & driving the vehicle Keep the vehicle clean and uncluttered, no news papers on the seats or dashboard etc. If the choice of vehicles is available then change at random Do not have the company logo on the vehicle Avoid personalized number plates Never have less than half a tank of fuel Never use the same petrol station if possible Always use the alarm & keep all doors/ petrol cap, doors locked Never leave more than the ignition key when maintenance is being carried out Instruct the chauffeur on defensive diving techniques Always drive at the safest possible speeds Keep all doors locked when driving Try to use busy roadways Keep the vehicle moving at all times If attacked stay in the car & use as a weapon, fit emergency sirens/ lights to attract attention If you feel you’re under surveillance, drive to the nearest police station Cross bolt the Exhaust. No identifying stickers. 8

.. .. .. .. Home Advice . • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

All telephones situated away from windows/ glass doors If unsure of any caller, take their number and call them back At night keep all curtains closed & and are drawn before turning lights on Fit lights with timers on in different rooms Fit dead locks & security chains Have a good alarm system with panic buttons around the house especially the bedrooms Have mobile phones as back up to landlines Keep any outside lights on after dark use timers at different times on porch lights, so not to have any pattern. When answering the door use a peep hole/ cctv, peep hole situated in the wall rather than the door Only allow visitors that are expected Keep all rubbish bins in a secure area Instruct all staff on door/ telephone procedures Never label property/ vehicle keys Never allow children to answer the door/ phone

THREAT Assessment The threat assessment is an ever growing animal & should be revised and updated regularly Also with all the information of the current threat of your client, you will need to study national and international newspapers/ news broadcasts. Look for crime trends, terrorism groups/ tactics and any political situations your client may be faced with the Internet is a great source of information utilize it. When all the information as been attained you can now categorize the threat level and establish the procedures needed to protect the client effectively. The following principles should apply, your threat assessment should be The assessment must be

CLEAR

(It must be understandable)

LOGICAL

(The report is rational & based on the facts)

ACCURATE

(Not based on rumor, hearsay & up to date)

RELEVANT

(Include info relevant to the clients needs)

BRIEF

(Simple)

Attacker’s selection of target • • •

Threat is directed at client for who he is Threat is directed at client for who he represents Threat is directed at client for what he represents

Attackers motivation 9

• • • • • • •

Political Criminal Religious Vendetta/ Grievance Financial Mentally disturbed Publicity

Attackers method • • • • •

Assassination Kidnap Injury/ Maim Psychological Blackmail/ Extortion

Attacker’s technique/ how the threat will be carried out • • • • •

Bomb Shooting Knife Poisoning Kidnapping

From collating the above information you can categorize the appropriate threat level • • •

Cat 1 - An attack is definite Cat 2 - An attack is probable Cat 3 - An attack is remote but possible

(High risk) (Medium risk) (Low risk)

The client must also be protected from other possible threats and accidents such as • • • • • • •

Illness Fire Theft Harassment Environmental hazards Foreign conflicts/ policy Logistic problems

You will now need to establish the best approach to take to ensure an effective working relationship between your client/ associates and family. A personal profile of the client, work colleagues and family will dictate how this will be best achieved.

OPERATIONAL Planning The only way to succeed is to thoroughly plan any operation, with contingency plans for almost every possible scenario. Remember only a fool would believe they could handle unforeseen circumstances without prior planning. At this stage the opposition as an advantage, even when preparing for a small operation keep the big picture in mind. Remember if the client is ever witness to confrontation, you have failed in your primary responsibility. • • • • •

You must thoroughly brief all operatives concerned? What is the situation? What has been instigated & by whom? What are the team responsibilities? What do they need to know to be successful? 10

.. .. .. .. are to be involved in the planning; will all have different ideas & comments… All operatives . listen to what each as to say. OPERATIONAL Orders Always ensure that the location is secure, use electronic counter measures or even post guards. Remember the most brilliant planned operation is no good if the opposition can listen in. • • • • •

Operation Commence at Advanced recce Lighting up times Team members

(Code name) (Time & Date) (Time, date, weather conditions etc) (First & last light) (Names)

Ground Introduce the team members to the area that they will be operating: • • • • • • •

Photographs Maps Models Road types Rail travel Pick-up points Towns etc

Situation • •

Friendly Forces (Operation support, Police, Military, Security companies, their roles) Unfriendly Forces (Who/ what they are, what they are expected to do, background information)

Mission What is to be achieved: • • • •

Itineraries? Stops Expected timings Weather etc

Break down into stages: • • • •

1 - Preparation/ build up 2 - The client pick-up 3 - The journey 4 - The drop off

Execution A brief outline of how the team will carry out the mission, Include actions on: • • • •

Fire Attack Threat Bomb 11

• •

Breakdown Medical

Detailed Tasks Full details of what and how the team will carry out the mission. Each member is to know his role and each other's. All routes in/ out, actions on attack etc Service & Support •

List all equipment: o o o o o o

•

First aid kits Search kits Vehicles Weapons Radios Flashlights

Give all relevant: o o o o o o

Timings Dress codes Food & rest details Comms Route cards Phone numbers

Signals & Support • • • • •

Nominate 1/Cs and 2/Cs Give all call signs, codes, color coded maps, radio frequencies Lost comms Set watches Any questions and answers

SECURTIY Advance Party Although this is two separate items we can group them both into SAPs. The role of the Security Advance Party is simple, to obtain intelligence to check the routes and search the area that the VIPs will use. This is ok in theory, however very few teams enjoy the luxury of advance intelligence and planning, due to costing. The SAP have varied duties however there main role is to check that the route the party will take, is safe and secure, as is the venue they are visiting. One of the parties may be sent covertly a few hours ahead to do a methodical search of a venue. Locations • • •

Full postal address All relevant telephone numbers Maps/ grid references

Special Events •

All reservations/ bookings (Clients & team) 12

.. .. .. ..• .

purchase of any tickets needed

Route Selection • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

Main route Secondary route Exact mileage Exact timings; test runs to be made at different times of the same day, to gain an overall time Locations/ phones (coins/ card etc) Location of phones on route All communication black spots Safe havens/ emergency RV`s (police/ military establishments if accessible) Location/ numbers of all nearest hospitals/ A+E units Are doctors on site/ on call? First aid equipment at locations Vehicle breakdown services/ response times Road works/ any heavy vehicle movements Weather Places of interest

Danger Areas • • • • • • • • •

Traffic lights/ roundabouts Heavy traffic areas Cross roads Tunnels/ bridges/ railway crossings Overlooking buildings/ bankings Narrow roads Unlit areas/ no lights One way streets Areas of high crime

Police Assistance • • • •

Officers in charge Anti-terrorist/ special branch numbers Canine units/ bomb units, reaction times Contact names/ numbers/ pagers/ radio frequencies

Location Arrival/ Departure • • • • • • • • •

Exact drop off/ pick up points Arrival times Alternative times/ entrances Is the client to be met by anyone specific? Plans/ layout Surrounding area/ man holes/ outside buildings Floors/ stairs Elevators, what capacity Roof/ joining buildings

Location Parking • •

Where is the parking area/ is there a VIP area Security in operation 13

• • • • •

Facilities for chauffeurs/ BGs etc Toilets/ phones VIP route Alternatives Areas to be secured

Refreshments • • •

Is the VIP eating at location? How & where the food is prepared Arrangements for protection team

• • •

Any press/ TV present What are the limits of access? ID being used

Media

Liaison with other personnel • • • •

Protection teams Security Guests (obtain guest list) Managers/ fire, medical officers

Fire Drills • • • •

Fire alarms Extinguishers/ types, service details Alarm system in use Nearest fire station/ number

Linear route planning theory Linear - continuous, horizontal, non-stop, not crooked, shortest, straight-ahead, unbroken, true and uninterrupted. This means that we need to plan a direct route from A – B, this is not necessary a straight route because of various other problems. What Problems • • • • •

Road works One way Traffic Public demonstrations No go areas of town Bottlenecks etc

Route planning is one of the jobs that the SAP should undertake. What information will go into route from the VIPs home to a private function? 1. 2. 3. 4.

Firstly two routes need to be planned because of Intelligence reasons. You must know where the nearest Police Station & Hospitals are. Any road works Any possible bottle necks

Think about what else you should include in your route plan? 14

.. .. .. . Security. Through Total Quality Management .. Route Card Linear Venue

Code Blue

Parking areas

3.8 miles Turn right @ lights 3.5 miles

Hospital 3.2 miles

3rd Exit

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Code Red Zulu

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Roadwork’s 2.2 miles Hairpin Bend 2.3 miles Straight run

Police Station 2nd exit / ⅔ mile on the left

Large bushy area 1.8 / 1.3 miles

Leisure Centre

BT box 0.9 miles

Code green Zulu

Code yellow Zulu

10 Storey Apartments

Residence

© BSI Ltd All rights reserved 2000 Company Registered Number: 3735523 VAT Number: 724545240

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.. .. .. .. .. RESIDENTIAL Security What I’ve done here for you is basically give you an idea of the amount of effort it takes to plan residential security. Rural Residence • • • •

It is easier to erect dedicated security measures, fences and sensors, CCTV A client can become a target due to the isolation It is an easy task for mounting surveillance from surrounding areas Countryside will be dark at night making approaches hard to notice

City Residence • • • • •

High population allows your client to blend in There are more choices of routes Excellent communication systems and support Faster response times for police and medical support Surrounding streets well lit at night

Detached • • •

Allows for greater access and perimeter control Client has privacy Counter surveillance can be more easily mounted

Semi – Detached •

You should consider opposition access into residence through adjoining attic space

Apartment Block • •

Access is limited and easily guarded Other apartments can be approached for intelligence, counter surveillance and possible aid

• • • • •

Alarms & security systems Power supplies Floor plans, construction alterations Ground plans Lifts & shafts

Plans

Residence Perimeter Security • • • • • • • •

Vet all neighbors, properties, who are they Ensure all street lighting working Outside wall, fence to be at least 8 feet tall Walls & fences set up to restrict climbing Wall posts in be inserted in concrete No trees or obstacles to view over Use only the main entrance, keep all others locked Main perimeter to manned at all times 2

• • • •

Driveway to be well lit Keep the main parking area away from the residence Outside blind spots to be well lit CCTV

Residential Internal • • • • • • • • • •

Solid doors, strong windows and frames Blast or protective coated glass All bushes, trees to be cut back Full alarm system Well made locks and chains Bars or grills on ground floor windows Back up power generators All skylights, drainage, man holes to be secured Full use of curtains & blinds Spare flashlights & candles around the house

Residence Staff • • • • • • •

Staff to be restricted to the areas of duty Only long serving staff to be allowed to the client’s main areas Regular vetting of all staff No staff in security control rooms Be careful on subjects talked in front of staff Brief client, staff on security measures Utilize a need to know basis

Mail Procedures • • • •

If possible use a post office box, arrange mail to be collected All main deliveries to the main gate Mail & delivery vehicles to be left outside the property Log all incoming & outgoing mail, phone calls

Delivery • • • • •

No unexpected parcels or mail Delivered mail to be left outside residence All delivery personnel to be identified get to know who they are If personnel different, check with the company Laundry to be done outside, and to be picked up by a security member

Telephone • • • • • •

All calls to come through the security office Keep all phone points away from windows Phone checks for bugs done regularly All emergency numbers at hand Never give out client phone numbers; take the callers number and call back Never answer with the client’s name

Key Security • • •

All spare keys kept in control box and labeled Key box locked with no access Maintain key log and do not label individual keys 3

.. .. .. .. ..

•

Know where and who as the keys at all times

Safe Room • •

This is used as a refuge if an attack takes place It must be secure with its own telephone link, toilet, food & water until help arrives

Operations Room • • • •

Used for daily running and admin of security Manned 24 hrs a day, situated not disturb the client and family Ensure it as toilet, food and rest facilities The control room should be unidentifiable from the outside

Actions On • • • • • •

Detailed plans in the event of attack, fire or medical emergency Escape routes and procedures Awareness of false or decoy fire alarms Communications routine ready and operative Bomb threats All hospitals, doctors, plasma, drug centers to be known with addresses and telephone numbers, response times

Leaving Residence • • • •

Always vary times and exit points Recce the street and surrounding areas before leaving Use all available staff for the above Comms check before leaving

Evacuation Process 1. In a state of civil unrest, these are the procedures you should follow. The Evacuation of personnel is the very last step in assuring that their safety is upheld. 2. At the beginning of civil unrest and when there is no alternative, ALL families should be evacuated along with any other items such as pets or personnel belongings 3. When civil unrest starts to increase ALL non – essential personnel shall be evacuated, and the four most senior personnel into the one property nearest the office. 4. All documents that are not taken will be destroyed. 5. Supplies of food and water must be brought in to sustain the staff for up to two weeks. 6. Also a full medical kit and a small supply of petrol. 7. After careful consideration the delegate in charge must make the final decision to evacuate the remaining personnel and close the office. 8. Finally they should leave the countries via the routes indicated in this file.

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“A defensible space is a living residential environment which can be employed by inhabitants for their enhancement of their lives, whilst providing security for their families, neighbours and friends” SECURITY ANALYSIS Location Delegation de la Commission des Communautes Europeennes en Republique Togolaise Introduction Over the past few months there has been a growing state of unrest, though quiet at the moment there appears to be a groundswell of discontent that could manifest itself at any time. Aim The aim of this survey is to suggest recommendations and procedures that can be carried out by the Delegation, its members or any specialist security team that may be assigned to this location. No costing's have been involved, but expenditure has been kept in mind, therefore no electronic devices have been considered. The main theme being enhanced security by use of simple methods. The brief will be in the following phases: Delegation Phase 1 Exterior Phase 2 Perimeters Phase 3 Grounds Phase 4 Outbuildings Phase 5 Cars and car parking P.O.L. machinery Phase 6 Building Phase 7 Fire equipment, drills and ancillary equipment Phase 8 Staff Phase 9 Communications Phase 10 Local guards Residences and personnel Phase

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Residences

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.. .. .. .. .. Phases

12 Personnel and Families

Phase

13

Routes

Phase

14

Misc

Exterior The only buildings that overlook the Delegation are government offices or state run hotels; this virtually precludes them from being used in an offensive manner against the Delegation or its members. Perimeter The existing walls offer no obstacle to a would be intruder, unfortunately considerable expense would be involved to improve the situation, therefore it is likely to remain as it is. All gates should be closed and locked when not in use. It is recommended that the two gates (visitors and vehicles) now in use should be replaced or repaired as they are both in a bad state of repair and cannot be locked, (no locks). The visitor’s gate should have a bell and to be opened by the guard who will enquire about the nature of the caller's visit before he is admitted into the main building. This guard should be positioned inside the Delegation by the inner security door, which allows him to observe the entrance outside, and he is also on call for any internal disturbances, if needed. The telephone operator is in a position to observe the reading room while still carrying out her duties. Phase 3 Grounds The area surrounding the building is not large in extent, however easy access to the sides and rear of the premises should be restricted by placing grills at locations (13) sheet 1. Lights Many of the lights are not working or in a bad state of repair, vandal proof dusk/dawn automatic lights with at least one light per wall having a protective covering should replace these. To the rear of the building an infrared sensor arc light to be positioned so as to illuminate the maximum amount of ground. Both systems to have a manual override. Incinerator A small incinerator could be utilized at the rear of the building to burn (under controlled conditions) the waste paper from the shredder and the used confidential typewriter ribbons. Also any litter that has accumulated in the Delegation. 6

Ladders All ladders and any object that could assist intruders to scale the walls to the upper floor must be either locked in the outbuildings or securely fastened to an outside wall. Phase 4 Outbuildings The outbuildings to the rear of the Delegation should be cleared of all unnecessary articles.

Those, which are unoccupied, should be locked. The rooms that are in daily use must be secured at the end of the working day. Water Supply The water supply meter is situated behind the front wall. This has no covering and needs to be boxed in. There is an old cistern at the same location the cover of which is rusting away, it needs to be replaced and secured by a padlock (sheet 1 -2-) The fresh water cistern to the rear of the building has a strong metal cover but needs a padlock (sheet 1 -5-) Adjacent to this cistern are the water pressurizing tank and water pump; they are partially covered by part of the outbuildings but need a protective grillage for them to be satisfactorily secured. (Sheet 1 -6-) Power Supply The electricity power supply board is located in an open recess (Sheet 1 -7-) at the side of the building; this area can be easily secured by the placement of a strong metal grill door across the opening. Emergency Generator There is no alternative power supply to the Delegation in the event of a prolonged power failure. The above-mentioned recess phase 4/ (3) is an ideal place for the installation of a small emergency generator. The size and power to be determined by the appropriate technician. Phase 5 Cars and car parking areas The drivers of the Delegation's vehicles must ensure that they have a full tank at the start of each working day and it should not be allowed to fall below the half way mark. They should also carry out their daily checks (oil, petrol, water, tyres pressure and tyres conditions). Any abnormalities to be reported to the relevant person. The H.O.P.'s car should be fitted with run flat tyres or have an anti puncture solution (i.e. ultra seal) within the tyres. 7

.. .. .. . On.. up country trips, two spare wheels are to be taken. There are many puncture repair . devices on the commercial market (inflates and seals the tyre at the same time). Each car should carry one; this also applies to privately owned vehicles. Car search mirrors These are extremely useful when the underneath of a vehicle needs to be inspected. They could be constructed locally to reduce costs. Car parking When not in use the H.O.P.'s car should be parked in the drive inside the Delegation and locked. In times of heightened civil unrest as many cars as practical to use the parking area. The remaining cars to be dispersed to the private residences. The car park opposite the Delegation to be vacated until the situation returns to normal. Fuel If any fuel or inflammable products are kept on the premises as emergency reserves or generator requirements, then they must be stored in a separate location, have the necessary fire precautions and the place to be securely locked. Phase 6 Building The building is substantially constructed of concrete blocks with a cement render finish. The first floor is of concrete whilst the roof and the first floor ceiling are constructed of timber. Asbestos sheeting covers the roof. Windows Many of the windows on the upper floor are the louver type and where these have no grill protection, entry into the building is very easy, others are of the old shutter design and offer no barrier to a would be intruder. Several of the windows (ground and first floor) have light mesh grills: stronger units should replace these. The majority of the lower floor windows have adequate protection. If grills are to be fitted to the 1st floor windows then they should be placed on the inside of the building and some of them to have an opening section or the facility to be removed quickly in an emergency, thereby allowing the window to be used as an alternative fire escape. Air conditioners Grills, making sure that the protection does not interfere with any repairs or servicing that these units might require, should secure all unprotected air conditioners.

8

Doors Both the upper and lower fire doors are made of wood; the keys to open them are kept in a glass-fronted box near by. They are warped and ill fitting, they should be replaced by modern metal quick release doors. Inner security door This is of glass and aluminum construction and is controlled by the telephone operator who has her post to the side (sheet 1 - Tel. Op.) The guard is positioned in the Immediate area where he can observe the visitors gate, whilst the telephonist can see directly into the reading room (which is outside the main Delegation offices - see sheet 1 Reading room). The H.O.P. and the representative from Brussels discussed a possible change in the layout of this door. Proposed security door Once a person is admitted on the premises there are no restriction to his or her movements, therefore a second inner security door should be installed at the foot of the stairs. On the stair side of the door a release button will allow free movement for upper floor staff while the telephonist controls the entry for visitors or workmen. Doors H.O.P. Office Entrance to the H.O.P. office is through the double doors in the secretariat, however there is another entrance leading into the waiting room, this door can be retained but there must be no facility to open it from the waiting room side. Porch door An ornamental grill and door to enclose the open porch area, it will be padlocked during the hours of darkness thereby greatly increasing the security of the main entrance. As it is in a prominent position careful thought should be given to its design. Rear door (sheet 1 -8-) There is an office door to the rear of the building and as it has a non-functional purpose this door could be bricked up. Terracotta Grill (Sheet 1 A -2-) This is situated on the stair landing and allows ventilation into the upper floor, however a few blows of a heavy hammer could demolish it quickly and easily. A strong heavy grill fitted on the inside would secure this location. Again because of its prominent position an aesthetic design would be pleasing to the eye. Keys There are no key cupboards in the Delegation there should be one for each floor and one for the confidential area.

9

.. .. .. .. The .. night watchman holds the keys for the majority of the building; this is in order to

allow the cleaners into the building early in the morning. This system should be changed as soon as possible. Possible alternatives 1. 2. 3. 4.

Duty officer holds the keys and opens the Delegation each morning. Re-arrangement of cleaners timetable Extra security to supervise the cleaners If the second inner second inner security door is installed, the cleaners can continue on the ground floor unsupervised. They can proceed to the first floor when members of the staff are present.

Pros and cons This situation can be viewed in two ways. 1. If the night watchman holds the keys, he could be overpowered and his attackers would have free access to the Delegation and plenty of time to carry out their nefarious activities. 2. If he is not in possession of the keys he cannot enter the 'building in the event of a fire and telephone for assistance. A compromise is possible: he holds a key which will allow him access to a telephone, if this is to be the case, then he must know how to operate the exchange and be supplied with a list of emergency numbers. This matter will have to be settled by the Delegation as could involve extra duties or personnel. Phase 7 Fire precautions In the whole of the Delegation there are only two fire extinguishers. Each office should have a small capacity extinguisher whilst the bottom and top of the stairs there should be placed two 91-litre extinguishers. Alarms Smoke alarms should be installed in strategic locations and a simple method of alerting the delegation of any impending dangers ought to be available, perhaps the oldfashioned iron triangle? Fire assembly-point A point outside the grounds of the Delegation should be designated the "fire assembly point". On the outbreak of a fire, all staff will evacuate the building and gather at the F.A.P. They will exit by the nearest and safest door; in large fires the stairwell can cause a chimney effect so caution must be applied if any member decides to use the stairs as a mean of escape. Specific duties should be allocated to members of the Delegation so in the event of an emergency, the evacuation can run smoothly. Telephonist fire duties 10

On the outbreak of fire the telephone operator will call the relevant authority immediately. However it must be ascertained that there is a fire before such action is taken. This also applies to any other emergencies. Fires If a fire breaks out and it is not of a serious nature then an attempt should be made to put it out or control it until assistance arrives (decision of senior person on post at the time of the fire) Logbook: the telephonist to keep a record of all visitors in a logbook. Suggested format

DATE

REF No

GUEST

PERSON / REASON FOR VISIT

IN

OUT

OBSERVATION

1/1/1991

{1}

SMITH.J

JONES T

09:00

11:30

-----------

1/2/1991

{2}

S&W ELECTRICA L

REPAIR FAULTY SWITCH

10:00

12:00

WILL TMW.

CALL

Phase 8 Passes The Delegation has a small number of staff; therefore it is unnecessary to implement a pass system. A second inner security door is installed this should be sufficient to ensure that the confidential areas are restricted to the relevant personnel. Phase 9 Communications The question of radios is being dealt with directly by H.Q.; however it appears it could take considerable time before the necessary documentation could be granted, therefore other methods might have to be considered. Below is an example of a possible radio network that could be used when radios become available. Each location would be given a call sign. 11

.. .. .. .. ..• • • • • • • •

Delegation House SPARE House 2 House 3 Car 1 Spare Car 2

D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8

A duty officer's list would have to be compiled. The duty officer would disregard his own station call sign and take the control call sign for the duty period. Control would keep a listening watch for the complete period of duty. Other stations would keep open in accordance with the situation and battery life. The network would not be used for chatter, is an emergency network and is to be used for exactly that: "An emergency". Code words A list of code words would be necessary to cover the most serious eventualities, i.e. 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9) 10)

Place names Personnel Situations Movements Medical Threats - low/high R.V.s Evacuation Assistance Miscellaneous

The senior members to have their own battery chargers and spare batteries so they can keep their station open 24 hours a day. If possible the Delegation network to have a link with one of the other friendly establishments, particularly one that could come to their assistance in a dire emergency. Phase 10 Local guards It has already been emphasized to the local guards that a higher stage of security is necessary due to the changing political situation, local and international. They have adapted to the re-arrangement of their duties knowing it is for the increased protection of all. However they are reluctant men, they must treat all creeds with awareness and courtesy. Phase 11 Residences and Personnel Whenever a rented dwelling comes to the end of its lease consideration should be given to taking another residence in lieu, if it complies with any of the following. 12

1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6)

Is it closer to the Delegation? Does it offer greater security? How does it fit in with the evacuation plans? Will it receive better communications? Is there a good neighborhood? Location away from areas where unrest is likely to occur.

Residences Personnel and families traveling car or by foot These guidelines are to assist the families and dependants of Delegation's members when they leave the security of their dwellings. By: Car 1. Is your journey really necessary? 2. Try and travel with company or in convoy 3. Vary your timings and routes, particularly for your regular visits. This can be difficult for appointments, however you can arrive 15 min early! 4. If you are stopped by a road block (Police or Demonstrators) do not follow taxies or local cars down the side streets, turn around and keep to the main well illuminated routes until you reach your destination. 5. If you have to open your window to talk to anyone, open it only sufficient to carry on a conversation. Two to three minutes should be enough. 6. Make sure your car has plenty of fuel, oil, and water. Regular servicing is a must. 7. Have a spare key secured hidden on the outside of the vehicle (make sure to remove it during servicing) 8. Have an emergency puncture repair canister in the car 9. Small medical pack 10. Correct tyre pressures 11. If radios become available and you find yourself in a dangerous situation call for assistance. 12. Never leave the car unlocked especially with the keys in the ignition

On foot 1. Whilst walking in town, carry a secondary purse or wallet secreted on your person. In it hold your keys, I.D. cards, large monetary notes. Have only the bare essentials in the exposed handbag or wallet. 2. Don't wear excess jewellery, leave it at home, take off your gold Rolex, and wear the imitation model. 3. If an incident occurs, but you are not involved, move away as quickly as possible, without panic! If you become agitated or frightened find a public place, restaurant, bar-cafe, library, etc. enter inside and compose yourself then telephone for assistance if necessary. This is when a good local knowledge of the town becomes very important. 4. Carry all relevant telephone numbers on a small plastic covered card.

Emergency Provisions Hold at least two weeks supply of food and water, you might have to feed people stranded in 13

.. .. .. .. your residence. Have plenty of torches, lamps, batteries, candles and popular medicaments .. 20%

•

Nasogastric drainage

•

Tetanus prophylaxis.

Clinical manifestations may not appear for the first 24 hours Transport of Critically Ill Patients Transporting patients has risk. It requires good communication, planning and appropriate staffing. Any patient who requires transportation must be effectively stabilised before 160

departure. As a general principle, patients should be transported only if they are going to a facility that can provide a higher level of care. Planning and preparation include consideration of: •

The type of transport (car, land rover, boat etc)

•

The personnel to accompany the patient

•

The equipment and supplies required en route for routine and emergency treatment

•

Potential complications

•

The monitoring and final packaging of the patient.

Effective communication is essential with: •

The receiving centre

•

The transport service

•

Escorting personnel

•

The patient and relatives.

Effective stabilisation necessitates: •

Prompt initial resuscitation

•

Control of haemorrhage and maintenance of the circulation

•

Immobilisation of fractures

•

Analgesia.

Remember: if the patient deteriorates, re-evaluate the patient by using the primary survey, checking and treating life-threatening conditions, then make a careful assessment focussing on the affected system.

Be prepared: If anything can go wrong, it will, and at the worst possible time Appendix 1 Airway Management Techniques Basic techniques Chin lift and jaw thrust Placing two fingers under the mandible and gently lifting upward to bring the chin anterior can perform the chin lift manoeuvre. During this manoeuvre the neck should not be hyper extended. (Demonstrated in the Practical session)

161

.. .. .. . The jaw.. thrust is performed by manually elevating the angles of the mandible to obtain the . (Demonstrated in the Practical session) Remember these are not definitive same effect. procedures and obstruction may occur at any time. Or pharyngeal airway The oral airway must be inserted into the mouth behind the tongue and is usually inserted upside down until the palate is encountered and is then rotated 180 degrees. Care should be taken in children because of the possibility of soft tissue damage. Nasopharyngeal airway This is inserted via a nostril (well lubricated) and passed into the posterior oropharynx. It is well tolerated. Advanced techniques Orotracheal intubation If uncontrolled, this procedure may produce cervical hyperextension. It is essential to maintain in line immobilisation (by an assistant). (Demonstrated in the Practical session) Cricoids pressure may be necessary if a full stomach is suspected. The cuff must be inflated and correct placement of the tube checked by verifying normal bilateral breath sounds. Tracheal intubation must be considered when there is a need to •

Establish a patent airway and prevent aspiration

•

Deliver oxygen while not being able to use mask and airway

•

Provide ventilation and prevent hypercarbia.

This should be performed in no more than 30 seconds: if unable to intubate then ventilation of the patient must continue. Remember: patients die from lack of oxygen, not lack of an endo-tracheal tube.

Remember: patients with trauma of the face and neck are at risk for airway obstruction Surgical cricothyroidotomy This is indicated in any patient where intubation has been attempted and failed and the patient cannot be ventilated. The cricothyroid membrane is identified by palpation; a skin incision that extends through the cricothyroid membrane is made. An artery forceps is inserted to dilate the incision. A size 46 endotracheal tube (or small tracheotomy tube) is inserted. Appendix 2: Paediatric Physiological Values

162

Variable

Newborn

6 months

12 months

5 years

Adult

Respiratory rate (b/min)

50 ± 10

30 ± 5

24 ± 6

23 ± 5

12 ± 3

Tidal volume (ml)

21

45

78

270

575

Minute ventilation (L/min)

1.05

1.35

1.78

5.5

6.4

Hematocrit

55 ± 7

37 ± 3

35 ± 2.5

40 ± 2

4348

Arterial pH

7.37.4 Age

7.357.45

7.357

Heart rate range

Systolic blood pressure

(Beats per minute)

(MmHg)

01 year

100160

6090

1 year

100170

7090

2 years

90150

80100

6 years

70120

85110

10 years

70110

90110

14 years

60100

90110

Adult

60100

90120

Respiratory Parameters and Endotracheal Tube Size and Placement Age

Weight

Respiratory

ETT

ETT at

ETT at

(Kg)

Rate (b/min)

Size

Lip (cm)

Nose (cm)

Newborn

1.03.0

4050

3.0

5.58.5

710.5

Newborn

3.5

4050

3.5

9

11

3 months

6.0

3050

3.5

10

12

1 year

10

2030

4.0

11

14

2 years

12

2030

4.5

12

15

3 years

14

2030

4.5

13

16

4 years

16

1525

5.0

14

17

163

6 years

.. .. .. .. .. 20

1525

5.5

15

19

8 years

24

1020

6.0

16

20

10 years

30

1020

6.5

17

21

12 years

38

1020

7.0

18

22

Appendix 3: Cardiovascular pulmonaries Heart Blood

Capill

Resp

Urine

Mental

Rate

Refill

Rate

Volume

State

Normal

Normal > 30 malls/hr Normal

Blood loss Pressure

Up to 750 ml

< 100 Normal

7501500 ml

> 100

Systolic

Mild Positive 2030

2030

Normal

Concern Anxious/

15002000 ml

> 120 Decreased Positive 3040

515 Confused Confused/

More than 2000 ml

> 140 Decreased Positive > 40

< 10 Coma

Appendix 4: Glasgow Coma Scale Function

Response

Score

Open spontaneously

4

Open to command

3

Open to pain

2

None

1

Normal

5

Confused talk

4

Inappropriate words

3

Inappropriate sounds

2

Eyes (4)

Verbal (5)

164

None

1

Obeys command

6

Localises pain

5

Flexes limbs normally to pain

4

Flexes limbs abnormally to pain

3

Extends limbs to pain

2

None

1

Motor (6)

Appendix 5: Cardiac Life Support

Appendix 6: Trauma Response

165

.. .. .. .. Long before any trauma patient arrives in your medical care, roles must be identified and .. to each allocated member of the trauma 'team' Team members (depends on availability) Ideally: On-duty emergency doctor or experienced health worker (team leader) Trauma Team roles Team leader (Doctor)

(Nurse)

1. Co-ordinate ABC's

1. Help co-ordinate early resuscitation

2. History patient or family

2. Liase with relatives

3. Request X rays (if possible)

3. Check documentation including:

4. Perform secondary survey

Allergies

5. Consider tetanus prophylaxis and antibiotics

Medications

6. Reassess patient

Past history

7. Prepare patient for transfer

Last meal

8. Complete documentation

Events leading to injury

4. Notify nursing staff in other areas •

On-duty emergency nurse

•

1 or 2 additional helpers

When the patient actually arrives, a rapid overview is necessary. This is known as TRIAGE. This rapid overview prioritises patient management according to: •

Manpower

•

Resources.

This will be discussed at length during the course. Appendix 7: Activation Plan for Trauma Team

166

Criteria The following patients should undergo full trauma assessment: History • • • • •

Fall >3 metres MVA: net speed>30 km/hr Thrown from vehicle/trapped in vehicle Death of a person in accident Pedestrian vs. car/cyclist vs. car/ unrestrained occupant.

Examination • • • • •

Airway or respiratory distress BP>100mmHg GCS 1 area injured Penetrating injury

Disaster management Disasters do occur and disaster planning is an essential part to any trauma service. A disaster is any event that exceeds the ability of local resources to cope with the situation. A simple disaster plan must include: • •

• •

• • • •

Disaster scenarios practice Disaster management protocols including: o On-scene management o Key personnel identification o Trauma triage Medical team allocations from your hospital Agree in advance who will be involved in the event of a disaster o Ambulance o Police/army o National/international authorities o Aid and relief agencies. Evacuation priorities Evacuation facilities Modes of transport: road/air (helicopter/fixed wing)/sea Work out different communications strategies.

Medical pack (emergency) In any emergency evacuation the medical pack should to the assembly point where immediate assistance can to anyone suffering from burns or wounds. The medical pack (emergency) should contain the following: • • • • •

Blanket Triangular bandages Safety pins Crepe bandages Rolls of Elastoplasts 167

.. .. .. .. ..• • • • • •

Strong scissors Paraffin gauze (Burns) Shell dressings Blow up splints List of Personnel (up to date) - numbers to be verified Any special medicaments

at assembly point

Priorities for first aid

Ask

Look

Listen

Think

Act

One out of five casualties are seriously injured, maybe unconscious and require the following order of priorities. YOU MUST KNOW THEM WELL A. A clear airway to breathe through

- recovery position - Insert plastic airway

B. Breathing to be assisted

- mouth-to-mouth breathing

C. Circulation of the blood to be maintained external

- stop bleeding by - urgent treatment -

- Prevention of shock D. Do not panic

- Prevent and treat shock

E. Evacuation to the nearest medical unit. Any remaining casualties may be injured in the limbs and will require the following order of priorities a) Stop the bleeding b) Prevent shock c) Rest and gentle handling d) Evacuation. If YOU are injured and still conscious, carry out the following SELF HELP DRILL Stop the bleeding • • •

Lie still Direct pressure on or around wound - apply your shell dressing Put a crepe bandage on to maintain pressure firm, even

Treat pain •

Keep injured part still

Think about • • •

Help from others Look for exit wound and cover it You will be more comfortable if you have a chest wound if you sit and lean to injured side, and with a stomach wound sit propped up with the knees 168

drawn up. Assistance to the injured • • • •

Maintain a clear airway Put unconscious casualty in the recovery position, if injuries allow it Keep him still Listen for sounds of breathing - mouth to mouth if necessary

• •

Check that the heart is beating - massage heart if not beating Stop bleeding by any or all of the following:

Direct pressure with fingers or thumbs on or around the wound. If a dressing is available, apply it directly over the wound and press it firmly down. Make sure that it extends well beyond the edges of the wound. Apply a crepe bandage to maintain firm, even pressure. NOT TOO TIGHT If blood comes through dressing put more layers on. Expect and look for an exit wound. Any deep wound should be plugged right to is base with dressings. If bones protrude, then build dressings in layers around wound. Indirect pressure by using the pressure points in arms or legs. A TOURNIQUET SHOULD NEVER BE NECESSARY IF YOU DO YOUR JOB RIGHT. Elevate the limb whenever possible. Rest the part Prevent shock Reassure the casualty - it is worth a pint of blood to him Keep his body flat and raise the legs - worth another pint Loosen tight clothing. Keep him comfortably cool. Treat the cause of shock. Decide if evacuation is urgent to save his life Move good limb to the side of the injured ones and tie or splint them. Tie or pin an injured arm to the chest. Never leave an unconscious casualty - he may stop breathing. Always try to keep out germs. Never give a wounded man drinks - only SIPS - and not ever • •

If unconscious A penetrating wound of the trunk 169

.. .. .. .. ..•

Operation likely within four hours - never give alcohol in any form

Evacuate gently - Your casualty will get more shock every time he KILLS.

is even slightly moved - and SCHOCK

TERRORIST Tactics We tend to believe that a well-run CP/EP operation, which maintains awareness and correct procedures, will act as a deterrent to a terrorist organization. Quite probably in a large number of cases this is the case, but if a terrorist group is deterred from action by what would appear to be professional switched on security, we would never know, as they would simply turn their attentions to a softer option. The use of 'lead and follow' vehicles, hardening of the Principal's vehicle, residence and office should, we believe, all contribute to his improved safety. None of these measures helped, however, in protecting the life of the head of Deutsche Banke, Alfred Herrhausen, who was assassinated by West Germany's 'Red Army Faction' (RAF). Operating spasmodically, but successfully, they have been one of Germany's most dangerous left wing terrorist groups. It will pay us to look at one case study and see what lessons can be drawn. Alfred Herrhausen, Chairman of Germany's largest bank, was an individual larger than his position at the bank. He was a senior Economist and Industrial Strategist and a personal friend and advisor to Chancellor Helmut Kohl. His assassination was not dissimilar in magnitude to that of a Head of State, as indicated by the £2 million reward offered by the West German Government for information leading to the capture of his assassins. As a consequence of his prominence and importance, he was assigned a permanent Close Protection Team, which daily, whilst in transit, comprised of a lead vehicle, a follow vehicle and $200,000 of armored Mercedes, in which Herrhausen was driven. The security provisions of ‘Protected’ targets had never deterred the RAF however. Out of 10 attacks on prominent people, 6 had protection of one form or another, either Bodyguards, Escort Vehicles or Armored Vehicles. Three travelled in fully armored vehicles and three travelled in a three-car convoy. Herrhausen lived in an up-market residential area of Frankfurt and habitually left home around the same time. Choice of routes close from his home was limited and involved driving through a Park area. Close to the site of the attack was a walking path, jogging area and parking area within the Park, giving the terrorists ample cover for surveillance, preplanning and execution of the attack. Vehicles at the point of attack were slowed to approx. 30mph due to a school crossing and bus stop on the road and the road was prohibited to parked vehicles. Shortly after 8.30am on the morning of the attack, Herrhausen's armored Mercedes was blown nearly 80 feet along the road, when some 22lbs of TNT, placed on the carrier of a child's bike, exploded some three feet from the side of the vehicle. The blast blew shrapnel through the right rear door into the back right seat, where Herrhausen habitually sat. He was fatally injured and bled to death shortly after the explosion, although his driver, miraculously, was only slightly injured. The device had been triggered by a photoelectric cell, attached to one of the white posts, which lined the street. The beam was reflected back from a mirror also attached to a post on the other side of the street. The terrorists, calculating the speed and length of the Mercedes, 170

and seating position of their target, had previously calculated the position the bike would need to be in to explode as the front of the armored vehicle cut the beam. On the journey, the lead car which was some 200 metres in advance of the Mercedes, had passed the beam safely as it had been armed by command wire by a terrorist in a jogging who, with a small electric device and battery pack, had armed the bomb having been warned by a colleague by radio that the lead vehicle had passed the beam. The sophistication of the method of detonation and arming the bomb was unique. Some Weeks before, 'workmen' had chiseled a line in the pavement in which to lay command wire and cemented over it. The remainder of the command wire, which posed through the park, had probably been laid only that morning so as to escape Ion. The attack was a meticulously planned and spectacular coup for the RAF. The attack exposed serious flaws in the security measures. The lead car achieved nothing. Had it been advance vehicle tasked to recce the route in detail, then it may well have been suspicious bike parked in a position, which was discouraged on the particular road. For all the reasons we know, the park area was the ideal choice for the terrorist_ equally, security should have identified the locale as one which would give cam concern. • • • • •

Close to home with few alternates Traffic forced to slow Easy surveillance Tree-lined and bushy area Narrow road with • Easy escape following the attack • Ease of concealment that is joggers/walkers/couples etc. during the attack

The incident contains many of the common elements of a terrorist operation, 1 elevated, if we could use the word in such a horrific incident by the planning! Complexity of the method of attack. Many lessons can be learned from the attack, pro the main one being, that under certain circumstances a ‘hardened target’ will not put off a determined, intelligent, resourced terrorist organization, rather see it challenge. Security cannot be complacent as a consequence of the fact they have manpower and material resources. Constant awareness and the belief it will always hi to you, need to be maintained to enable observation, evaluation an avoidance to all into play. From an operational point of view the two lessons learned from this incident area. • •

Surveillance recognition Specific route survey

The surveillance was there to see if anyone had looked hard enough. Weeks of painstaking surveillance had been going on, not to mention the terrorists having to chisel away part of the pavement. The value of a lead vehicle, which is improperly tasked, is also brought into start relief. Whilst they may have been on the lookout for potential ambush situations they missed the bicycle. The routine of the lead car was also so well known that they used it as a timer to arm the device.

171

.. .. .. .. Assessing .. the conclusions of just one incident is insufficient for a student to become fully

acquainted with terrorist tactics and from the many Kidnap/Assassination attempts the following have merit in further study. • • • •

Attempted assassination of President Ronald Reagan March 1980, Washington Assassination of Col. Shatter & Col. Turner, Tehran Assassination Aldo Morro, Italy Kidnapping Hans Martin Schleyer, W. Germany

There are, unfortunately, many other incidents to study, some successful and some not so. 1 would be comforting to think that those that were unsuccessful were so as a result of the preventative actions of the Bodyguards. Regrettably this, in the majority of instances, is not the case. Most failures can usually be attributed to 'balls up' by the attackers or a failure of something outside their control. With the element of surprise and undetected surveillance, the odds are stacked in their favor. From 1970 to 1992 there was an increase in terrorist incidents from 298 to 5,400 in 1992 a 1713% increase in the level of terrorist activity. The geographic split of total incidents in 1992 was as follows: •

Latin America - 28 %

•

Middle East - 24 %

•

Asia. 19%

•

Europe. 18 %

•

Africa. 11 %

This gives a very one-sided view of the level of worldwide risk. Domestic bombing incidents in the States from 1975 - 1984 amounted to some 10,100 according to the FBI 'Summary of Bomb Incidents'. The breakdown was 7,100 explosive devices and 3,019 Incendiary devices, which resulted in 279 deaths and 1,600 injuries, yet the figures quoted At the beginning of this section attributed no terrorist incidents as happening in the D.S. Add To this the huge and growing problem of organized crime and acts of extortion, leveraged by The threat of or actual violence and the actual total for what one could consider domestic Terrorism is huge.

USE of Force Theory The use of force in response to Terrorism There is no question that terrorist incidents will continue to plague the international community well into the foreseeable future. One primary reason for this is the inherent difficulty involved in preventing a terrorist attack before it occurs. Another is the oftenfanatical nature of individuals who carry out the often suicidal - assaults. These factors are often the primary reason that the only action that can be taken in response to terrorism is after-the fact. Herein, too, lies a significant and controversial problem which responses are appropriate? Few disagree that economic sanctions against that nation determined to be responsible are acceptable. Nonetheless, while this action may dissuade some nations from hosting terrorist groups or providing refuge to individual perpetrators, it does little to punish those directly responsible. It is for this reason that it is important that nations are perceived

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as willing and able to make appropriate use of their armed forces to conduct retaliatory operations. A brief, illustrative examination of US practice and policy follows. The policy of the United States in the use of the military in responding to terrorist incidents has remained fairly consistent in recent years. Following the bombing of the April 1986 La Belle discotheque in West Berlin (which resulted in the deaths of two US servicemen), President Ronald Reagan ordered an immediate and thorough investigation involving all major US intelligence and law enforcement services. Upon conclusive finding that the perpetrators of this incident had been trained in Libya, he ordered an air strike on a number of targets, including terrorist training facilities. In the period of time following this attack, Libya noticeably reduced its previously active involvement in support of international terrorism. More recently, when Iraqi involvement in the plotted assassination of President Bush was verified in June 1993, President Clinton ordered a Tomahawk missile strike against the facility believed to have facilitated the planning of the operation, the headquarters complex of the Iraqi Intelligence Service (IIS). This attack (while later determined to be of questionable military effectiveness) provided a significant symbol of US resolve to punish those responsible involved in terrorism directed against its citizens. Following the attack, President Clinton issued this statement: "The Government of Iraq acted unlawfully in attempting to carry out Saddam Hussein's threats against former President Bush because of actions he took as President. The evidence of the Government of Iraq's violence and terrorism demonstrates that Iraq poses a continuing threat to United States nationals and shows utter disregard for the will of the international community as expressed in Security Council Resolutions and the United Nations Charter. Based on the Government of Iraq's pattern of disregard for international law, I concluded that there was no reasonable prospect that new diplomatic initiatives or economic measures could influence the current Government of Iraq to cease planning future attacks against the United States. The only thing more important than shot placement is knowing when to shoot. A lot of time is spent talking about which weapon or ammo will best suit your particular needs for each facet of personal defence. One topic that is rarely discussed though is how these lethal tools should be employed. Just what are the guidelines? Years ago I took my first use of force training while I was at the Maricopa County Detention Academy. At the time I thought that what they were teaching me was just watered down ‘jailer’ training, far different from actual police training. A few years later I found out how wrong I was when I had the opportunity to attend the firearms certification course required for all peace officers in Arizona before they may carry a weapon. As I sat in that class I was shocked to find that it was almost identical to the course I took for unarmed use of force back in the academy. Many people who have taken the instruction required to obtain their concealed weapons permit also have the same belief that I held then. Guess what? When I took the CCW course, it was not only the same material, but also the same two cops taught it! In fact the only difference between lawful force for police and civilians is that peace officers are not given the option of fleeing the scene to avoid confrontation. Lawful use of deadly force has nothing to do with shoot ‘em up, spray & pray tactics. It is a last ditch option when no other course of action is available. Regular police training emphasizes less on SWAT tactics and more on judgmental use of force. So when gun writers lambaste cops by saying that many are less proficient with their sidearm than the average IPSC shooter, they are doing a great disservice to the law enforcement community. Police are trained to know when to use force in a 173

.. .. .. .. discretionary . manner. Anyone who buys into the belief that police should be able to shoot .like the Terminator needs to spend more time as a ride along and less time at Blockbuster video. Lawful use of deadly force has nothing to do with shoot ‘em up, spray & pray tactics. It is a last ditch option when no other course of action is available. Here, two shots have caused the attacker to break off and back pedal away from the victim. Shoot-to-stop is best typified here. Further shots would constitute excessive force and a shoot-to-kill mentality. The governing logic behind all use of force is simple, "You may use only that amount of force necessary to overcome the threat." Police apply this logic best by stair stepping their levels of force. If you have ever wondered why modern police carry more weapons than Batman, here’s an example; Two police go to arrest a transient. First they verbally command him to comply, he resists. Next they grab him and begin to use Aikido holds to administer pain compliance, but he pulls a knife from his belt. One officer pulls his sidearm and covers his partner who responds to the threat with a blast of OC pepper. More verbal commands are given, "Put down the knife and surrender!" The subject still refuses and threatens the two officers who (in some departments) respond by firing two darts from a hand held Tazer. Still resisting, and impervious to the barrage of non-lethal devices used on him, the transient charges one of the officers. Officer number one responds with a single shot that stops the attacker. An extra magazine or speed loader is always nice in a protracted gunfight, but the entire philosophy of civilian defensive shooting is to extricate you from the threat as quickly as possible. The trade-off of an extra magazine in favour of an OC canister makes more sense in terms of bulk/non-lethal alternative. In each of these steps, the officers responded to each threat increase by raising the level of force slightly in response. While most real world police shootings do not have this many steps, this scenario is common and in almost all cases the officers are quickly cleared. Because they took such extensive pains to avoid shooting the perpetrator, it would be very unlikely for them to be convicted of criminal wrongdoing. Also, they could have shut down the situation at any time had the transient yielded. One of the aspects of modern defence is the ‘shoot to stop’ doctrine. It is not uncommon for people to believe that the proper intent in a lethal encounter is to shoot to kill. In our litigious world just uttering that phrase following a shooting is enough to guarantee that you will become the next David Goetz, sued for your entire future. To intentionally kill an attacker actually violates the use of force code, Only that amount of force necessary... Yes, it’s a bizarre world we live in, designed by lawyers and built by judges!

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Use of your handgun as an impact weapon not only raises weapons retention concerns, but also may damage some guns. The author’s father once destroyed an early alloy frame revolver by using it to repeatedly strike an unarmed attacker. Since then he carried a Colt 1911. In modern force methodology, you shoot to stop the bad guy from doing whatever he is doing. Upon compliance you stop firing, his death is a coincidental factor of your response. We don’t care if the offender goes away mad, just so long as he goes away. If this can be done with the mere sight of a .50 cal Desert Eagle with suppresser and Tac light, then all the better for you! Chances are, you will find that [in your state] you are not even legally permitted to use your weapon to stop the commission of a felony unless there exists reasonable fear of death There will be those that argue that deadly force has its own doctrine above and beyond normal levels of force because most state statutes specify that imminent danger to you or another must be present in order to respond with deadly force. But these requirements fall within the bounds of ‘only that amount of force...’ The simplest way to understand deadly force is that it can only be used in response to a life threatening attack. It is similar to a chess game where only a pawn can attack a pawn, bishops can only attack bishops, and You must have a reasonable fear for your life or that of another before you can administer deadly force. The threshold for reasonable fear may vary from person to person. I might lack legal justification for shooting a 6’, 180 lb man who attacks me with fists. Because I’m healthy, have no physical impairments, and have both the professional training and experience to respond to the threat, I would be less likely to be able to convince a grand jury that I had serious fear of death. By contrast, if that same man attacked my 5'3" wife then his death would likely be ruled as justified because she is shorter, weaker, and has no defensive training. In her case it would be prudent to assume that almost any male attacker would overcome her. Because of their lack of upper body strength, women have a higher reasonable fear of harm from a single unarmed attacker than a healthy male would. This could lower their threshold for responding with deadly force. A good example of reasonable fear was a burglary that occurred out in the county several years ago. The homeowner heard several men moving around at the end of his hallway by the living room. When he moved to the other end of the hallway with gun in hand they heard him. In the darkness he heard one of the criminals tell another "Let’s ---- him up!" At this point, against multiple attackers and in total darkness, he had a reasonable fear of imminent danger. They had agreed to harm him.

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.. .. .. . He fired.. into the darkness hitting two of the three. Of the two who had escaped, one was caught .later in the emergency room. His defence was that they had not been armed; hence the homeowner had no right to fire on them. The police disagreed and found the man’s actions reasonable. The use of deadly force to protect property is illegal. A reasonable fear for a human life must exist. In this photo the mere sight of a weapon is used to scare away a car thief. Were there children in the car, and then use of deadly force would likely be justified. So the next time that you hear someone tell you that most cops shoot poorly, try and keep in mind that no one pay them to kill people. The first rule to surviving a gunfight is to avoid it completely. But for those times that you are given no alternative, use of force must be done with the utmost in discretionary judgment. Because when the time comes you will be acting on instinct and adrenaline, it is best to incorporate alternative steps into your training Regime. Practice verbally challenging targets, carry a secondary non-lethal weapon, and work out emergency procedures on the range in advance. Most of all, take the time to learn the use of force statutes for your state by visiting the public law library in your county. Chances are you will find that you are not even legally permitted to use your weapon to stop the commission of a felony unless there exists reasonable fear of death. On the flip side, most states statutorily permit the use of deadly force to stop rape, kidnapping, or arson of an occupied structure. APC

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Protectee Profile 1. Protectee’s Name………………………………………………… Nickname…………………………………………………. 2. Permanent Residence Address………………………………………………………………………. …………………………. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………. Telephone…………………………………………Fax………………………Floor plan available? …………………………… 3. Secondary (vacation) residence address……………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………….. Telephone………………………………………..Fax………………………..Floor Plan available? ……………………………... 4. Office Address………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………..… Telephone…………………………………………Fax………………………Floor plan available? ………………………….. Secretary’s name………………………………………………..Home phone…………………………………………………….. Other telephones and description (Skypage etc) …………………………………………………………………………………. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………. 5. Physical: Age…….. Height……………… Weight……………Hair Colour…………Eye Colour…………………………… Glasses?…………. Prescription……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……... Scars/identifying marks…………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………….. 177

.. .. .. .. .. data: Sex…..Race……Date of birth……… 6. Personal Birthplace……………………………………………………………… Social Security…………………………Passport………………………Passport expiry date…………………………………… Drivers Lic…………………….State/Country……………………..Int’l driver’s Lic……………………………………………. Major Credit cards & #s ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… … ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………. 7. Medical: Physicians name……………………………………………… Telephone……………………………………………. Address……………………………………………………………………. ………………………………………………………….. Physicians name…………………………………………………………… Telephone…………………………………………….. Address………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………… Dentist’s name……………………………………………………………… Telephone………………………………………….. Address………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………. Illnesses/operations……………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………. Medication required…………………………………………………….Blood type……………………………………………. Allergies/drug allergies………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………… 1 8. Vehicles: Make………….Model………….Year……………….. Colour…………..Lic/State…….. Make………………………Model………………….Year……………Col…………… Lic/State……… Make………………………Model………………….Year……………Col…………… Lic/State……… 178

9. Plane: Type/description…………………………………………………….I.D……………………… 10. Boat: Type/description…………………………………………………….I.D……………………… 11 Health Ins Carrier………………………………………………………..Policy…………………….. Auto Ins Carrier……………………………………………………………..Policy…………………….. Other Ins Carrier……………………………………………………………Policy…………………….. Kidnap/ransom insurance………. Carrier…………………………………Policy……………………. 12.Attorney’s name………………………………………………………… Telephone………………… Address………………………………………………………………………………………………… …. 13. Protectee’s chief of security………………………………………………Telephone……………… Address………………………………………………………………………………………………… … 14. Bank: Name……………………………………Tel……………………… Contact………………… 15. History of threats against family……………………………………………………………………. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ….. 16 Any known enemies? ………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …….. 17. Club memberships……………………………………………………………………………………… 18.

Spouse Name……………………………………………………………………………………………. Physical: Age……….Height………..Weight……………..Hair Colour……………..Eye colour………… Glasses?……………….. Prescription……………………………………………………………………….. Scars/Identifying marks……………………………………………………………………………………….

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.. .. .. . Personal.. Data: Sex…………. Race…………… . D.O.B……………….Birthplace………………………… Social Security………………………………….Passport………………….Passport exp date……………. Drivers Lic……………………………… State/country………………….Int’l drivers licence……………

Medical: Physician’s name………………………………………….Tel…………………………… Address……………………………………………………………………………………… ……….. Physicians name…………………………………………………… Tel……………………………. Address……………………………………………………………………………………… …………. Dentist’s name…………………………………………………….Tel………………………………… Address……………………………………………………………………………………… …………. Illnesses/operations…………………………………………………………………………… ………… Medication required…………………………………………………Blood type……………………… Allergies/drug allergies………………………………………………………………………………….. Club memberships………………………………………………………………………………… …….. ………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………… 19. pouse name…………………………………………………………..Nickname…………………… Physical: Age……….Height…………….Weight………………Hair colour…………Eye col………. 180

Glasses? Prescription……………………………………………………………………………………. . Scars/Identifying marks………………………………………………………………………………….. Personal data: Sex………………..Race……………..D.O.B. ……………..Birthplace……………….. Social Security……………………….Passport…………………………Passport exp date…………… Drivers Lic…………………………..State/Country…………………..Int’l driver’s lic……………. Parent of children?………….. Terms of custody………………………………………………………. ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………….. 20. Children or other persons in household: Name (child 1)……………………………………………………………… Nickname…………………. Physical: Age………Height…………….Weight…………..Hair colour………….Eye colour…………………. Glasses?…………… Prescription…………………………………………………………………………….. Scars/identifying marks…………………………………………………………………………………………. ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………….. Personal data: Sex……..D.O.B……………….Birthplace…………………….Passport…………………… …… Name of School…………………………………………………….Tel……………………………… ………… School Address……………………………………………….Contact…………………………………..

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.. .. .. . If living..away from home, . tel/address……………………………………………………………………… Medical: Physician’s name………………………………………….Tel…………………………… Address……………………………………………………………………………………… ……….. Dentist’s name…………………………………………………… Tel……………………………. Address……………………………………………………………………………………… …………. Illnesses/operations ……………………………………………………………………………………… Medication required…………………………………………………Blood type……………………… Allergies/drug allergies………………………………………………………………………………….. 21. Name (child 2)………………………………………………………… Nickname…………………. Physical: Age………Height…………….Weight…………..Hair colour………….Eye colour…………………. Glasses?…………… Prescription…………………………………………………………………………….. Scars/identifying marks…………………………………………………………………………………………. Personal data: Sex……..D.O.B……………….Birthplace…………………….Passport…………………… …… Name of School…………………………………………………….Tel……………………………… ………… School Address……………………………………………….Contact………………………………….. If living away from home, tel/address………………………………………………………………………

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Medical: Physician’s name………………………………………….Tel…………………………… Address……………………………………………………………………………………… ……….. Dentist’s name…………………………………………………… Tel……………………………. Address……………………………………………………………………………………… …………. Illnesses/operations ……………………………………………………………………………………… Medication required…………………………………………………Blood type……………………… Allergies/drug allergies………………………………………………………………………………….. 22. Name (child 3)………………………………………………………

Nickname…………………. Physical: Age………Height…………….Weight…………..Hair colour………….Eye colour…………………. Glasses?…………… Prescription…………………………………………………………………………….. Scars/identifying marks…………………………………………………………………………………………. Personal data: Sex……..D.O.B……………….Birthplace…………………….Passport…………………… …… Name of School…………………………………………………….Tel……………………………… ………… School Address……………………………………………….Contact………………………………….. If living away from home, tel/address……………………………………………………………………….

Medical: Physician’s name………………………………………….Tel……………………………

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.. .. .. .. Address……………………………………………………………………………………… .. ………..

Dentist’s name…………………………………………………… Tel……………………………. Address……………………………………………………………………………………… …………. Illnesses/operations ……………………………………………………………………………………… Medication required…………………………………………………Blood type……………………… Allergies/drug allergies………………………………………………………………………………….. 23. Name (child 4)………………………………………………………… Nickname…………………. Physical: Age………Height…………….Weight…………..Hair colour………….Eye colour…………………. Glasses?…………… Prescription…………………………………………………………………………….. Scars/identifying marks…………………………………………………………………………………………. Personal data: Sex……..D.O.B……………….Birthplace…………………….Passport…………………… …… Name of School…………………………………………………….Tel……………………………… ………… School Address……………………………………………….Contact………………………………….. If living away from home, tel/address………………………………………………………………………

Medical: Physician’s name………………………………………….Tel…………………………………………… Address……………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………….

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Dentist’s name…………………………………………………… Tel…………………………………………….. Address……………………………………………………………………………………… …………. …………. Illnesses/operations ………………………………………………………………………………………………. Medication required…………………………………………………Blood type………………………………. Allergies/drug allergies………………………………………………………………………………….. ………. 24. Grandchildren? If yes attach separate sheets with same information as for children 25 Household employees: Name…………………………………….Tel…………………………………………. Address……………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………. Name………………………………………………………………… Tel,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………… CLIENTS SHOULD PROVIDE: Fingerprints, photographs, voice tapes and handwriting samples of each family member and blueprints of all residences.

RESIDENCE

What are the crime statistics for the neighbourhood

What is the response time for police

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.. .. .. .. .. What is the quality of the fire, police and ambulance services?

Have you introduced yourself to the local authorities? Have you walked /driven around the neighbourhood? Have you introduced yourself to the neighbours? (is there any neighbourhood interaction on security matters) Have you made a notation of neighbours ’vehicle licence plates And description of vehicles? What is the layout of the grounds and surrounding terrain? Have you produced a map or sketch? Are there security problems caused by the terrain, such as ditches, body of water, trees, high point overlooking the house and grounds What delay/deterrent protection is provided by the perimeter? Is there a fence? Is it in good repair and of sufficient height? Is There ahedge? If there is a fence is the gate sturdily built with a good lock? Is the gate locked at night? Is it locked during the day? Is the gate mounting hardware secured so that it cannot be Unfastened to prevent an intruder to enter? Can the gate be unlocked with a remote control device From within the automobile?

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Have shrubbery and trees close to the fence/house been cut back to deny hiding places ? Are there trees, poles, or structures near the fence which could Enable an intruder to more easily climb the fence or avoid contact if there are electronic sensors Has debris been cleared from both sides of the fence?

Is there sufficient lighting for the grounds and the exterior of the house?

Are light power switches well protected?

Is there back up power for all lighting on the grounds And in the house

How many access points to the house and grounds are there (alley, secondary access, road etc) Does someone regularly check the grounds and perimeter to Make certain that fence, gates, locks, lights etc are in good repair And have not been tampered with? Are light bulbs replaced on a regular basis Is the ground sufficiently level around the perimeter to enable the installation of barrier- type intrusion detectors? Are there trees, poles or other obstacles which would hamper the use of invisible barrier-type sensors? Are there animals on the grounds during the night which would preclude there use of motion detectors? 187

.. .. .. .. .. Are there guard dogs?, and if so, who is responsible for handling and exercising them? If not guard dogs, are there (pet) dogs which bark to warn of intruders? Are they secure from intruders?

Is there sufficent lighting to enable the use of CCTV?

Are there guards and if so who is responsible for supervising them Assigning schedules etc?

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Do the guards vary the patrol schedules so as not to be predictable?

Are the guards armed? And if so what is the firepower and condition of their weapons?

Do the guards supply their own weapons, or are these provided by the client?

Do the guards carry radios? And is there a strict code for there use/

Are the guards proprietary? (hired and supervised by the client or agent or provided by a contract services)

If guards provided by contract services, is the liability issue Clearly defined and does the company carry liability insurance?

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.. .. .. .. Have the .. guards, in your opinion been properly trained, particularly In the use of the maintenance of firearms?

Are firearms secured when not in active duty? Are all firearms regularly checked, repaired, cleaned and maintained?

Are weapons licensed and in compliance with local regulations?

Can entrances to the residence be seen from the street or any Area off premises?

Are entrances well lighted?

Are exterior doors of solid core and/or contain steel facing?

Do exterior doors fit and close snugly without gaps or give?

Are there steel/glass security storm doors? Are door hinges well-secured and, if not located on the inside Protected against the removal of the hinge pins?

Are all locks on exterior doors equipped with auxiliary locks?

Have strike plates been used and securely fastened with deep-set screws? 190

Is there glass in the door which could be broken and the lock reached from outside? If so, is the door fitted with a double cylinder lock and the key out of reach from the outside

If there is no glass in the door is there a peephole? Is there a pet entrance which could permit entry by a small person or can a lock be accessed through the pet door

Are all sliding glass doors hung so that the sliding door is mounted on the inside? Are doors secure from being lifted off the sliding door track? Is the jimmy-proof lock or charley bar on all sliding glass doors?

Are all sliding doors of reinforced bullet proof glass? Is the garage door equipped with a good locking system which can be unlocked and opened electronically from inside the vehicle?

Does the garage door automatically clock itself when closed?

Is the garage kept closed and locked at all times? Are vehicles inside the garage kept locked? Is the door from the garage into the residence of solid core and Does it have not only a deadbolt, but an auxiliary lock Opened from the inside Is the door from the basement into the upper floor of solid core And equipped with a deadbolt plus auxiliary lock? 191

.. .. .. .. .. If there is an outside entrance into the basement, has this entrance Been equipped with the same security specifications as other Exterior doors (solid core door, solid fit, solidly emplaced hinge pins, deadbolt lock? Do all outbuildings (storage sheds pool house etc) have sturdy Locks, hasps, and good security? Have trellises and ladders which could be used to gain access To upper floors been removed? Are external fuse boxes, control panels and power sources well secured from environmental hazards and against intrusion? Is there a swimming pool? If there are small children, is pool well secured with a fence, gate, locks and a floating alarm?

Are unused doors and windows permanently Closed and secured/ Have louvre windows been replaced with solid windows Of tempered, shatter proof glass? Do all windows have locks? Are windows kept locked when closed? If windows are opened, can they be locked from in the Open or half open position? Do all windows have screens or storm windows which can be Locked from the inside? Are all of the windows and doors protected either with iron bars Or an alarm system? If so are they (particularly bedroom windows) Equipped with quick release fire escape devices? Are window air conditioners bolted and secured against removal? Are basement and garage windows fully secured? Do any upper floor windows open onto a porch, balcony, or other 192

Structure. If so have they been fully secured? Do all windows have adequate window coverings,(curtains, drapes Shutters) to prevent someone from seeing inside? Are skylights fully secured against intrusion? Is the roof fully secured against intrusion?

If it is a flat roof, has a pole or something been erected to Deter a helicopter attack? Can the roof be accessed by scaling with grappling hooks? Does the master bedroom have a solid core door with a deadbolt Lock and hinge pins which cannot be removed from the outside? Is there either a telephone line or a cellular phone? Has a safe room been designated? Is the safe room equipped with a separate secure telephone Line or a cell phone? Is the safe room rated fire safe for at least one hour? Is the door to the safe room solid core, steel plated, and secured With a deadbolt, strike plate, reinforced door frame, and non-removable hinge pins?

Has the safe room been equipped and stocked with a battery Operated light, fire extinguisher, first aid kit, two-way radio Weapons, and water

Does the residence have an electronic alarm system? Is it an audible or a silent alarm? Is the alarm system connected to a central station? or is it connected to a residence command post?

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.. .. .. .. . Has the .system been recently (and is it regularly tested) Who is responsible for servicing and maintaining the system? Is the system subject to a higher than normal rare of false alarms? Does the alarm system need updating and/or enhancement Or is it adequate? What is the response to an alarm intrusion? What is the response time? Is the residence equipped with panic switches to signal an emergency ? what is the response? Is there CCTV detection system? Is it adequate, with sufficient Lighting? Who is available to monitor the CCTV what is the planned Response to a detection? Do you have layout and a set of blueprints for the residence And the electronic system? Where are they kept?

Is there a fire detection system?

Are batteries regularly checked for the system? Is there back up power? Are fire extinguishers strategically placed around the residence? Who is responsible for charging and maintaining the extinguishers? Are all occupants of the residence trained in the use of the extinguishers? Is the residence equipped with interior fire sprinklers?

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Is there at least one or more folding ladders on the upper floor To facilitate escape in the event of a fire? Do the occupants regularly practice a fire drill? Do the occupants regularly practice an intrusion drill? With retreat to the safe room?

Is there a command post on the grounds or within the residence? Is the command post manned on a twenty four hour basis? Are schedules made and adhered to for the protection team? Are weapons safely secured within the command post\? What form of communication system is available for the Command post is it secure? Is the command post off limits to employees other Than the protection team? Is the command post stocked with: Radios Medical kit Office supplies, table, chairs and bulletin board Typewriter Flashlight Fire extinguisher Extra keys (vehicles, residence) Layout and plans of house and grounds Updated client itinerary Telephone numbers Agent schedules and post assignments Intelligence reports Polaroid cameras Are procedures in place for screening visitors Is there a locking mailbox or arrangements for delivery of mail to the command post? How are deliveries to the residence handles? 195

.. .. .. . are they.. taken to the command post? . Is garbage/trash in a secure area or is it shredded? Do you have names, addresses, and telephone numbers for all staff?

Have the household employees been screened with background checks Has a personal profile been obtained for the client and his family Have family members and household staff been given “security Awareness” training to alert them to excessive wrong numbers and indications of surveillance?

Does family and staff understand the workings of the alarm System and use it?

Are windows and doors kept locked? Does family and staff understand the use of ( and any codes for ) emergency communication procedures? Have serial numbers been recorded for possessions and Have possessions been marked with an ID number? Have family and staff been alerted to the signs of a possible mail or package bomb and been given procedures for handling?

Is there a strict system for key control? Have the client and family been given a security briefing including how to kep a low profile, varying driving routines, defensive driving And crime prevention measures? Have procedures been established with the children’s school 196

Officials To prevent children being picked up by strangers? Do the children have escorts and secure transportation to take then to and from schools?

Do you have make, model and licence numbers of all client And household staff vehicles?

Has the residence been checked for eavesdropping devices?

Are the telephone lines regularly checked against wiretaps?

Apartment/Condominium

In addition to the above the following apartment-specific security details should be checked. All items on the above checklist should be checked and where necessary, security alterations made to the apartment-for example, with doors, locks, hinges, window locks, sliding glass doors etc. What is the history of crime within the building? Have the neighbours in close proximity (either side, above and below) been checked out? Do you believe them to be secure neighbours? Have you introduced yourself to the (close) neighbours within the building Is there a tenant association, and is mutual security an issue which can be established?

How secure overall is the building?

Is someone on duty in the lobby 24 hours a day to screen visitors delivery men, repair/maintenance people? Does the apartment have a balcony (s) which 197

.. .. .. .. could be .. accessed from the outside? Are the apartment’s grounds patrolled?

Are the apartments grounds well lit? Is there an inside parking garage? How secure is the garage against intrusion? Is the garage well lighted? Is there a telephone and/or panic switch located at strategic points within the garage? Is the garage area patrolled? Are you certain that no keys, or master keys to the client’s apartment are in other hands such as the building management? Have background checks been made on building management staff and employees? Is there back up power for the building? Is there an adequate number of elevators in the building? Are the elevators well lit and equipped with a mirror which reveals all occupants? Is there an adequate intrusion detection system in the building? What is the response time to the alarm?

Have you checked to be certain that the extinguishers have been charged and maintained

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Does the building have a fire detection system? Is it well maintained? Are there fire extinguishers in each half of the building? Have you checked the tags to be certain that the Fire extinguishers have been charged and maintained? Is the building well sprinklered?

Is the client’s apartment located within reach of the fire trucks And ladders Does the apartment have its own intrusion detection system? Has the system been properly maintained? What is the location of the nearest emergency hospital? Have you located the primary and secondary routes To the hospital? Have you checked all hallways and exits to determine the best escape route In the event of a fire? Are hallways, stairs and exits free of obstructions, equipped with handrails and well lit?

Can roof doors and skylights only be opened from the Inside and are they kept locked at all times? Are there bars covering roof doors and skylights? Are recreational areas (swimming pools, gym, library) secure and not available to the public? are there outside doors to these areas and are they kept locked from the public? Have you acquired a set of plans or at least a detailed layout of the building? 199

.. .. .. .. .. Office

Is the building propriety to the client, that is Is the client’s company the only one occupying The building If not have you introduced yourself to the other tenants? Have you performed a background check on any of the other tenants? Do any of the tenants present a security problem for your Client either with their employees or their product/service or their inattentiveness to security? Are there building security programs which encourage Interaction between tenants? Is there director of security for the building? What are the crime stats for the neighbourhood? Is there anything about the building, grounds or location that would make it an unusually attractive target for crime or terrorism

Are there any environmental concerns within or about the facility which should be addressed (poor water, asbestos, flooding, etc.)

What is the response time for police? fire? ambulance? What is the quality of the police, fire, and ambulance service?

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Have you established liaison with the police authorities?

Have you walked/driven around he neighbourhood, noting Anything unusual?

Have prior security surveys of the building and grounds Been made and are they available? What are the results of these surveys?

What is the layout of the grounds and surrounding terrain? Have you produced a sketch or map? Are there security problems caused by the terrain such as Ditches, body of water, trees, high point overlooking the facility and grounds

Is access to the facility open or restricted? If open access, is there visitor parking on the grounds? How is employee parking handled? What delay/deterrent protection is provided by the perimeter? Is there a fence? Is it in good repair and of sufficient height and strength is the entry road/street, straight/angular? If there is a fence how many access gates are there? Is/are the gate(s) locked at night? Is the gate mounting hardware secured so that it cannot be Unfastened to permit an intruder to enter?

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.. .. .. .. .. equivalent in strength and security to the fencing? Is the gate Is the main gate manned by a guard? Have shrubbery and trees close to the fence and/or facility been Cut back to deny hiding places? Are there trees, poles or structures near the fence which would enable an intruder to move easily, climb the fence or avoid contact If there are electronic sensors?

Has debris been cleared from both sides of the fence? Is there sufficient lighting for the perimeter, fencing, gates, grounds And the exterior of the facility?

Are light bulbs replaced on a regular basis

Is the lighting sufficient to enable the use of CCTV Are parking lots adequately lighted? Is the lighting mounted so that it is beamed in the direction Of the fencing(in the eyes of intruders) leaving the guards in a nonHighlighted area? Are light (power) switches well protected? Is the lighting tamper proof? Is there back up power for all grounds and buildings? Who is responsible for controlling the lights? Who is responsible for checking and maintaining the lights? How many access points (alley, secondary access road etc) to the grounds and facility are there?

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Is there an interior perimeter road for the use of the guards? Does someone regularly check the grounds and perimeter To make sure that fences locks etc are in good repair And have not been tampered with?

Is the ground sufficiently level around the perimeter to Enable the installation of barrier type sensors?

Are there trees, poles or other obstacles which would hamper the use of invisible barrier type sensors? Are there animals on the grounds during the night which would preclude the use of motion detectors? Are there guard dogs and if so who is responsible for handling and exercising them Are there guards and if so who is responsible for supervising them assigning schedules etc

Are backgrounds checks performed on guards at hiring? Do the guards vary their patrols schedules so as not to be predictable? Are the guards armed, and if so what is the firepower and Condition of their weapons? Do the guards supply their own weapons, or are these provided by the client? Do the guards carry radios? And is there a strict code for their use? Are the guards proprietary hired (hired and supervised By the client or agent) or provided by a contract agency?

If guards are provided by a contract service, is the liability issue clearly defined, and does the company carry liability insurance? 203

.. .. .. .. .. Have the guards in your opinion been properly trained, Particularly in the use of and maintenance of firearms? Are firearms properly secured when not in active duty? Are all firearms regularly checked, cleaned and maintained? Are weapons licensed and compliance with local regulations? Does the facility have an electronic alarm system? • • • • •

Perimeter intrusion detectors? Fence disturbance/motion sensors? Exterior door alarm sensors? Interior motion detectors, microwave, or other sensors? Window sensors?

Is it an audible or a silent alarm system Who will monitor the alarm sensors? Is the alarm system connected to a central station, or is it connected to a command post? If a central station is used are there dedicated telephone lines to carry the signals? Who will respond to an alarm signal? What is the response time? Are there guidelines for a response to an alarm signal? Will the response team be armed? What are the limitations to the response? If the alarm is transmitted from the facility will the response team be able to enter? How? Will they have keys?

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In the event of an alarm signal who on the company staff Will be notified? Has the system been recently (and is it regularly) checked? Who is responsible for servicing and maintaining the system? Is the system subject to a higher than normal rate of false alarms?

Does the alarm system need updating and/or enhancement or is it adequate?

If there are no proprietary guards, who will respond to an alarm signal? What is the response time? Is he facility equipped with panic switches to signal an emergency what is the response? Is there a CCTV detection system? What is the planned response to a detection. Who is available to monitor the CCTV? What is the planned response to a detection? Are all outdoor switches located in weatherproof, tamper resistant Areas? Do you have a sketched layout? And a set of blueprints For the grounds and the electronic system? Are all entrances to the building well lit? Are secondary doors (fire exits) solidly constructed And equipped with panic bars? And otherwise kept locked? Are unused doors securely locked? Is the exterior of the building itself of sufficient strength and integrity to withstand invasion? 205

.. .. .. .. .. Is there an alarm system which controls access through the exterior doors?

Are exterior doors of solid core and/or contain steel facing? Do exterior doors fit and close snugly without gaps or give? Have strike plates been securely fastened with deep-set screws? Are door hinges well-secured and, if not located on the inside Protected against the removal of the hinge pins? Are all locks on exterior doors either deadbolt (with at least a 1”throw) or double cylinder

Is there glass in the door which could be broken and lock reached from outside? If so is the door fitted with a double cylinder lock and the key hung out of reach from the outside If there is no glass in the door, is there a peephole? Are all sliding doors of reinforced (bullet proof) glass? Are all windows within access from the ground connected to the alarm system. Are all windows within access from the ground connected to the Alarm system? Are ground floor windows protested by shatterproof glass and iron bars?

Is the roof accessible from the ground or from adjoining buildings? Have the roof, skylights, ducts, and other accessible entryways been secured? If it is a flat roof has a pole or something been erected to deter A helicopter attack?

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Can the roof be accessed by scaling with grappling hooks? Do you have a layout and/or blueprints of the building? Is there an inside parking garage?

How secure is the garage from intrusion?

Is the garage well lit? Is there a telephone and/or panic button located at strategic points Within the garage Is the garage area patrolled? Has a safe room/area been designated? Is the safe room equipped with a separate secure telephone or A cell phone?

Is the safe room rated fire safe for at least one hour?

Is the door to the safe room solid core, steel plated, and secured With a deadbolt, strike plate, reinforced door frame, and non-removable hinge pins?

Has the safe room been equipped and stocked with a battery Operated light, fire extinguisher, first aid kit, two-way radio Weapons, and water

Is there a fire detection system? Are batteries regularly checked for this system? 207

.. .. .. .. .. Is there back up power?

Are fire extinguishers strategically placed around the facility Are they charged and maintained? Is the facility equipped with interior fire sprinklers? Does the residence have an electronic alarm system? Do the occupants practice a fire drill, how often? Are there lit exits clearly marked? Are there signs by the elevators directing occupants to use the stairs in the event of a fire?

Are procedures in place to handle bomb threats and evacuation?

Are evacuations practiced on a regular basis?

Has a safe assembly area been designated for use in an evacuation?

Are there an adequate number of elevators in the building? Are the elevators regularly inspected?

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Are the elevators well lit and equipped with a mirror Which reveals all occupants? Are all hallways, stairs, and exits free from obstructions, equipped with handrails and well lit? Is there a crisis management team that meets on a regular basis? Is there in place a crisis management plan? Are CMP scenarios and drills practiced? Does top management participate? Does the company carry kidnap/ransom insurance on its top executives? Does the CMP include procedures for handling a kidnap or hostage taking of a top company executive Is there a command post on he grounds or within the facility Is the command post manned on a 24 hour basis? What form of communication system is available for the command Post? Is it secure? Is the command post off-limits to employees other than the protection Team and guards? Is the command post stocked with : Radios Medical kit Office supplies, table, chairs and bulletin board Typewriter Flashlight Fire extinguisher Extra keys (vehicles, residence) Layout and plans of house and grounds Updated client itinerary Telephone numbers Agent schedules and post assignments Intelligence reports Polaroid cameras Is strict key control maintained within the facility? How is this handles?

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.. .. .. .. Is a record kept of al persons issued with and holding .. keys? company What procedures are in place for handling lost keys? are locks changed? Are mail handling procedures in place to alert mail handlers to possible mail and package bombs? Are all deliveries to the building or company space received at a central place? Do all new employees receive security awareness Training as part of their orientation? Are background checks made, and/or references checked on all employees? Are executive briefings prepared for all executives going overseas? What access controls are in place to handle visitors and trades people: • • • • •

At the gate In the lobby In the anteroom of the company offices In restricted areas? At the loading dock

Is it open access within the building for employees or are they restricted to certain areas? What access controls are in place to handle restricted employee access? Are employees badged? Are visitors issued badges, and are these badges collected upon the end of the visit? Is there a visitor escort service? Are outside repair/maintenance people escorted and supervised during their entire visit? Are packages and or briefcases searched? Are stairwells locked from the inside(self locking) Except at the ground floor and each five floors? 210

Do the receptionist/secretary and top execs have a silent distress panic signal? What is the response to the signal? Are rest rooms kept locked?

Are closets and maintenance rooms kept locked? Is an outside cleaning service used? Have they been checked? Are meeting rooms and exec offices regularly checked for eavesdropping devises Are telephone lines secure? Are they regularly checked for wiretaps What procedures are in place to protect proprietary company information? Is there good company security? Is there good company security?

Is the client’s staff (assistants, secretary) willing to assist in providing information to the protection team about the client’s itinerary and plans? Are they cooperative? Is the client’s staff aware of the need to protect the confidentiality Of the client’s itinerary and personal information?

Is the security director aware of the need to work with the protection Team? Have good relations been established?

OVERSEAS If overseas have all the above security measures been followed and upgraded to provide even more in-depth security? Is client and family fully aware of the need to keep a low profile and 211

.. .. .. .. to be even .. more aware of the need for security in a foreign country? Have household employees and company staff, particularly foreign household staff been fully background checked? Have you obtained the names, addresses and telephone numbers for household employees and company staff? Are household employees trained in security awareness and in the handling of mail deliveries and strangers at the door and on the telephone? Have you established contact with local authorities and with the U.S. department of State? Have you prepared an intelligence report and threat assessment for the host country and location? If you have employed a guard service, did you get recommendations From the US Department of State and did you check on the company? Have you communicated with the security personnel in other American companies in your location and discussed mutual security plans in the event of an evacuation?

Have company logos and other identifying marks been removed from client vehicles and residence? Is client’s vehicle of a low profile make and model common to the vehicles of the host company? Have you prepared an emergency evacuation plan in the event that The client and his family must move quickly/ Have you prepared a stock of emergency supplies to be kept at he residence in the event that an emergency prevents you from leaving the country? Are more stringent security measures taken to avoid having a bomb Placed in or near the residence or offices such as : • • •

Removing any bicycle racks adjacent to the building Not allowing unidentified bicycles or vehicles to be parked adjacent to the building Placing covers or screens over all ducts, vents mail slots etc on the building

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• •

Regularly inspecting the public areas of the building to note any unidentified or suspicious objects left there Securing or locking paper towel dispensers, boxes toilet tank tops etc

Have children’s schools been thoroughly checked to be certain they Are safe and reliable? Have school administrators and teachers been given instructions regarding not allowing children to be picked up by anyone other than family agents and other identified individuals Have children been given a code to identify any unknown person contacting them or attempting to remove them from school? Has a code been established with the client which would be used in the event of a kidnapping? Does the corporate crisis management plan cover the Eventuality of a kidnapping or hostage taking? Are you aware of the host country’s national holidays and are you particularly vigilant during these times?

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.. .. .. .. .. VEHICLE & TRANSPORTATION CHECKLIST Is the client’s vehicle of a size and weight that gives comfort and solid safety features?

Does the vehicle have automatic transmission? Have engine, transmission, radiator. Alternator, battery etc been upgraded for the heaviest duty available Is the vehicle equipped with a high intensity spotlight mounted on a swivel? Is the vehicle air conditioned? Does the vehicle have automatic controls for the windows and door locks? Is the vehicle equipped with an alarm system? Can the alarm system be controlled electronically with a hand held Clicker from outside the car? Are tires fully inflated? And are all four tires kept at exactly The same level of inflation? Is the spare tire regularly inspected and kept fully inflated? Is the vehicle in good condition overall? Is it regularly maintained? Who performs the maintenance is the vehicle taken to the same mechanic each time Do you carry in the trunk in addition to the spare tire extinguisher, flashlight, tire sealers, tool kit, tow chain, jack, lug wrench, jumper cables, extra motor oil and engine coolant plus a fully maintained medical kit Does the trunk have an inside latch release to

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flares, fire

permit escape if locked inside Do the hood and gas cap have locks controlled from inside? Is the car armoured? Should it be? Is the window glass bullet resistant? Have the radiator and gas tank been reinforced? A the tires a “ run flat” type which will continue to roll even if Pierced by a bullet Is the vehicle equipped with a cell phone and is it programmed for speed dialling? Do you have a two-way radio Do you keep the gas tank at least half full? Do you keep all doors and windows closed and locked at all times? If the vehicle is not always under your direct control or well Secured do you always perform a quick inspection of the vehicle and its immediate surroundings before getting in?

If the driver is employed for the client’s vehicle has the driver Been briefed as to logistics, safety and security procedures? If permanently employed has the driver been fully trained in executive protection driving procedures and escape and evasion driving manoeuvres? Is the driver aware that travel routes and times should be varied to avoid predictable behaviour? Is the driver aware that in an emergency, he/she must drive away Immediately, even at the cost of the vehicle. Is the driver armed? Has the driver been trained in defensive shooting? Have all identifying marks logos vanity licence plates etc been removed from the vehicle?

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.. .. .. .. .. Have all identifying marks been removed from the parking space used by the vehicle?

When not is use is the vehicle kept locked and inside a locked garage whenever possible? Is there an escort car does it function as the lead vehicle? If a rental limousine and driver have been hired, has the drive been Informed that the agent (rather than the client) will issue instructions? Has the limo driver been given explicit instructions? Are rental vehicles checked as to spare tire, fluid levels etc?

ADVANCES

Pre-Departure Have you put together a preliminary threat assessment? Have you renewed your files to find any prior reports and advance information which might be useful?

Do you have the client’s itinerary and all pertinent information about the proposed trip. This includes: Dates and locations to be visited • Itinerary • Auto/Limo rental agencies to check reservations • Federal state and local law enforcement or intelligence agencies as appropriate • Airline and/or transportation agency being used by advance agent to location If travel is by private aircraft, have captain and crew been alerted? Have you secured information about: • • •

Type of aircraft, call signs and tail number? Anticipated departure and arrival times? General aviation facility of FBO at the departure and arrival sites with telephone numbers 216

• • • •

Ramp stairs required? Storage location for the aircraft at the FBO? Alternate arrival site? Any special arrangements?

ON SITE AT SITE/CITY Observe general layout of the airport, How good is security? How is luggage handled? Will unloading and processing of client in a special place be required? Airline Service Rep contacted for any special handling requests? • Obtain a good map of the area and orient yourself to important ref points and locals • Obtain rental car, revonfirm reservations, discuss any special requirements • Proceed to hotel observing traffic conditions, road conditions and landmarks • Check into hotel. noting parking areas, lobby configuration, elevator locations, restaurants, emergency exits Telephone home office and inquire about any changes in plans? Notify host, sponsor, or contact of arrival, make appointments if appropriate Make appointment to meet with local law enforcement officers HOTEL Meet with general manager or resident (assistant) manager Request meeting with reservations manager, security director, night manager, food and beverage manager, chief hotel telephone operator head bellman, concierge, and head housekeeper At the meeting obtain telephone numbers for the general manager ,resident manager, and key personnel, and explain any special needs for room arrangement, food, access control, screening visitors, handling incoming calls need for privacy and security etc

Obtain all information about hotel restaurants and room service Locations and hours open Room service hours Name of Maitre’d and/or chef Host/hostess Menus Request that all room service orders, mail and packages go to command post Determine if staff wear identification badges Determine what services (barber, beautician, etc) are within the hotel 217

.. .. .. .. .. for protectee and his/her party and determine Select rooms who is in close proximity rooms either side above and below Examine rooms to be certain they are in good repair, safe free of hazardous objects, comfortable and contain any items of special request by the client Check for bugs and wire taps Obtain duplicate keys for all rooms to be used by client Locate emergency exits fie extinguishers, fire hoses, and smoke alarms Establish primary and secondary exit routes for emergency Check fire extinguishers to see if they have been charged Check hallways and stair wells for any obstructions, hand rails and lighting

Select location of command post check for bugs and wire taps

Arrange with head housekeeper to rearrange furniture and obtain chalk board Bulletin board extra waste baskets and bathroom towels Obtain long cord for telephone in command post

Obtain supplies for command post: Local telephone books Pens Paper Legal pads Paper clips Stapler Expense vouchers Time sheet Tags for labelling keys Other supplies and equipment recommended for command post: Folding stock pump shotgun Extra ammunition for shotguns and handguns 5-cell heavy duty flashlight with extra batteries ABC type fore extinguisher Handcuffs or flex cuffs Electrical appliance extension cord Telephone extension cord 218

Long telephone handset cord Small screwdriver set Key block locks Smoke masks for each member of the team Two-way radios , charger and spare batteries Portable alarm system should include: Smoke detector, door motion sensor, and panic alarm for room Alarm annunciator for remote sensors Paging system with sufficient pages for off-duty personnel Medical Kit for command post should include: Oxygen cylinder, regulator and mask Bulky trauma dressings Bandage material Splints Comfort items Aspirin and Tylenol Di-gel, Pepto Bismol Antihistamine Protectee and protective detail medications

Meet with Security Director and ask for a walk through of the hotel Checking entrances, exits, parking, emergency equipment, banquet and conference rooms, kitchens, maintenance, engineering, employee locker rooms, employee entrances and storage areas Determine from Security Director if there have been in the past Or are currently, any particular security problems What is the history of crime within the hotel and the surrounding areas How many security personnel are on the hotel staff? Can they be Utilised to assist in extending special security to client? Determine from Security Director locations of nearest fire station Ambulance service and emergency hospitals Ask Security Director for floor plans of hotel, or make sketches of hotel layout Make certain that there are sufficient baggage handlers with carts Reaffirm all billing arrangements and charges to master ledger

Residence (not belonging to client) See above checklist for residence

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.. .. .. . If alarm..system is not in place attach portable alarms . Determine if a temporary command post can be set up

Determine if a temporary safe room can be set up Determine if al mail, packages delivered to the residence Can be checked first by agents Household staff should be briefed on procedures for handling telephone enquiries and visitors

Obtain a list of service providers garbage collectors, gardeners, pool service etc and aprox times when they are to be in the residence If appropriate conduct an electronic sweep of the premises to determine if there are any eavesdropping devises or wire taps

Restaurants

Obtain floor plans or make sketches Request most secure private tables for client Request privacy and confidentiality for them Check exits, restrooms and access to telephones Determine where to park protectee vehicle Make arrangements for feeding protective agents Make reservations and arrangements for billing or payment Determine primary and secondary routes to nearest emergency Hospital with trauma unit Determine primary and secondary routes to restaurant from client’s location

Ballrooms, Banquets and Auditoriums Meet with liaison person for host committee, banquet manager facility manager and program manager Obtain telephone numbers for these people What is the purpose of this function What is the program How many attending What is the suggested dress Request that all awards and gifts be mailed to protectee 220

Determine seating arrangements ask to see function sheet Will client be seated at head table, if so what is below and behind table And how is it accessed Is there a buffer in front of the front table Examine podium, raised platform, stage, steps and chairs for loose Carpet, wires, and general stability Are stairs to podium well lit or should tape be fixed Obtain a floor plan of the facility, showing entrance and exit routes Under normal and emergency conditions, fire extinguishers, restrooms Telephones, holding room and parking Select and indicate agent posts on floor plan Determine if protectee can be brought in through special entrance Identify control boxes for heat, air, light and sound. Are they secure? Is there back up power? Where will protectee’s vehicle be parked? Will it be secure under constant supervision Who is handling security for the event? How large is the security Staff/ Have there been any problems associated with either the event, the facility or the neighbourhood?

Do a walk through of the facility Make arrangements for agent meal tickets Determine what will be needed for access control Is entry free and open to the general public Were tickets sold, at what price Is the event invitation only Are invitations numbered and cross referenced by name on a master list May guest who chooses not to attend give his invitation to another How many people are expected Where is the main control point Who will be there to check invitations? Who will handle guests who have forgotten or lost invitations Are handbags and parcels to be searched by whom Will metal detectors be required How will access via service or stage entrance be limited to authorised personnel 221

.. .. .. .. How will personnel be identified .. authorised How will exits to restroom and re-entry to ballroom be dealt with Have arrangements been made and space been provided for the media is the space contained in some way Has a press room been set up is it adequate Will bystanders and hecklers standing outside be contained in a roped off area Establish primary and secondary travel routes to the closest emergency hospital

Outside events Establish liaison with event sponsors and obtain details as listed Above A diagram or sketch should be made A walk through should be conducted of the entire area Is the area fenced Is there high ground overlooking the event area (stage) can it be secured Who is handling security for the event? How large is the security Staff Is it a seated affair Can attendees and spectators be confined behind ropes or barricades Have ”friendlies” been contacted to fill the front sections of the Roped off areas Has space and arrangements been made for the media Is there a “foul weather” plan Do you have a large umbrella for the protectee If it is a night event who is handling the lighting and will they be on hand for the event Is there back up power Determine primary and secondary routes to the event Determine primary and secondary travel routes to the closest emergency hospital

Ground Transportation Are you dealing with a large reputable rental car agency Have reservations and billing arrangements been made and re-conformed Does the car/Limo have an automatic transmission Is it air conditioned Does it have an alarm system and can it be controlled from outside Are tires fully inflated Is the spare tire in good condition Check fluid levels and conduct a general examination of under-the-hood mechanism Test all controls –air conditioning, heat, power locks etc Rental car or limo should have in the trunk, jump leads jack small tool kit an lug wrench Trunk should be equipped with flares flashlight tire sealers tow chain motor oil fully maintained medical kit

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If using a limo has driver been briefed and given a typed list of instructions Report with a clean car and a full gas tank-refill at night Speak only when spoken to Stay with limo at al times unless relieved Driver does not open and close doors If trunk needs to be opened use the interior release Don’t drink alcoholic beverages prior to or during work Don’t eat in the car Don’t smoke in the car Obey all traffic laws Do not turn on radio unless requested In high profile motorcade keep headlights on Keep one car length between vehicles Follow agent recommended travel routes Follow instructions of security agent rather than the client Establish duress code and emergency procedures

Is the car/limo equipped with a cell phone or a two-way radio Obtain duplicate vehicle keys Is an escort car to be rented, if so all of the above should be checked Where will the vehicles be parked Is there a contingency plan for what will be done if the limo or rental car breaks down? Do you have name, home telephone number and address for limo driver Have you picked a primary and secondary route to ach destination to be visited by client Have you tested the routes during rush hour, at night and at times similar to when the event will take place Are the maps clearly marked and easily read

Charter or Corporate Aircraft Have captain and crew been alerted to departure and travel schedules? Filld in flight plan and alternate foul weather plan? Have arrangements been made for ramp steps if needed? Is de-icing equipment available What is the length of the runway and will it accommodate the aircraft Do you know the hours of airport operation Do you have the telephone numbers and names of airport operations people Is there a VIP holding area at the local and site FBOs Where are restrooms and telephones Are there any customs regulations and clearances Are there special requests for food equipment etc Obtain a diagram or ma of airport and ramp areas be sure to brief all drivers on primary and secondary routes into and out of the airport Brief drivers on the primary and secondary routes to the hospital from the airport Will aircraft be guarded when unoccupied Are aircraft crew fully aware of security procedures 223

.. .. .. .. Establish security posts .. anysecurity If additional is needed ask the operations supervisor for recommendations for an outside security company What is the aircraft identifying information After a departure wait several minutes and then notify advance agent at next stop that party is on its way

Emergency Services Where is the nearest hospital with shock/trauma unit and a doctor on 24 hour duty to the hotel or site? Have you established primary and secondary routes to the hospital from the hotel, event etc Do you know the locations of the emergency entrances Is there suitable landing site for a helicopter Is there a VIP room Is ther a room for security and staff What is the response time for the fire department to the various locations. What is the response time and quality of service of the ambulance emergency services

Foreign Advances Do you have a valid passport which will not expire in less than six months Do you have the appropriate visa for the countries to be visited Have you received the appropriate shots Do you have a supply of medicines for colds, allergies, diarrhoea etc Do you have an international drivers licence Do you have valid credit cards Do you have a small amount of local foreign currency Do you have a relevant current guidebook Have you considered prepaying an amount to your credit card companies so as to extend your credit Have you purchased travellers checks Have you given careful consideration to the choice of air carrier Have you booked an “open” return flight Are you carrying a supply of prescribed medicines and do you have a copy of your prescription Have you noted serial numbers of and declared any firearms and packed them away unarmed in the stowed luggage Have you made copies of your passport and visa information credit card numbers Have you committed to memory a few basic phrases of the local languages Will you need an interpreter

Wrap Up Have you collected all expense vouchers and submitted a final expense report Have you written thank-you letters and filed your notes

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Close Protection Driver Brief. The overall rule during all vehicle mounted close protection details is that the CP agent is the vehicle commander, not the client and it is the CP agent who will issue orders in order for him/her to be effective in his/her duties. The following points are some do’s and don’ts for the driver: •

Report with a clean vehicle and a full gas tank.

•

Ensure that he/she has thoroughly checked the vehicle for suspicious activity or objects and that the vehicle is fully serviceable before beginning any programmes.

•

Speak only when spoken to. Unnecessary chatter cannot only be unwanted, but can pose a problem if the agent is concentrating on traffic, route, hazards etc

•

Do not leap out of the vehicle to open the door for the client, the agent will open and close the client’s door.

•

Once the client and the agent are inside the vehicle ensure the central locking is applied and the doors remain locked until the vehicle has arrived at the designated location. The windows must remain closed. If the client wishes a window to be open, ensure it is only open by a maximum of 2.5 inches to prevent opportunist attacks and objects being thrown into the vehicle.

•

Do not leave the vehicle unattended. Stay with the vehicle at all times unless you are relieved. Provisions will be made for the meals, restroom breaks, etc. If you must leave the vehicle, you are to notify the agent, the command post, or other drivers as to where you can be reached, how long you will be gone, and the reason for leaving the vehicle. The agent should carry a spare set of keys for the vehicle and another set kept at the command post. The advance agent should ensure that all drivers know how to and are able to contact the agent and command post.

•

When the vehicle arrives at its destination, the vehicle doors should be unlocked by the driver, the engine is kept running and in drive, and the driver remains behind the wheel helping the agent with observation of possible threats. Do not open and close doors for the client or the agent. The agent riding in the passenger seat of the vehicle will open his door only when he is satisfied that it is safe to do so and then he will open the clients door whilst observing the area for potential threats.

•

If the trunk needs to be opened then it should be released by the driver using the release catch from within the vehicle. Do not remove the keys from the ignition in the event that it is necessary to leave immediately.

• •

Alcoholic beverages must not be drunk within twelve hours prior to reporting for work or during work. Do not drink any beverage whilst driving. Food should not be eaten in the car, nor should the vehicle be used to drive to an eating establishment. The agent will arrange for meals. If it should become necessary to eat in the car, the vehicle must be completely cleaned and aired before the protectee returns.

•

Do not smoke in the vehicle at any time even if you are alone within the vehicle.

•

Drive smoothly, safely, and conservatively, obeying traffic laws and wear your seat belt. Stop, start, and turn gradually and smoothly, signalling turns well in advance. Pace your

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.. .. .. .. so that you do not run yellow lights. This is especially important if there is a follow..driving up vehicle. Do not sound the horn except in an emergency. •

When approaching red lights slow down and cruise slowly up to the traffic lights keeping the vehicle moving, a moving vehicle is safer than a stationary vehicle.

•

When bringing the vehicle to a halt at a stop sign or traffic lights ensure there is enough space between your vehicle and the vehicle ahead for you to drive around and escape if necessary to do so.

•

Do not turn the radio on unless requested to do so by the protectee or agent. Establish if the protectee has any favourite stations and pre-program the radio stations. If not then preprogram the stations to classical, easy listening and a good news station.

•

In a high profile motorcade, keep the headlights on.

•

In a motorcade or convoy, drivers should remain at least one vehicle length from the vehicle ahead of them. The distance should be such that the vehicles do not run into each other, and at the same time do not allow other vehicles to get in-between. If a problem develops with a vehicle then that vehicle should drop out rather than hold up the motorcade unless it is the VIP vehicle at which point a soft vehicle change should be carried out. A hard vehicle change is carried out only when under attack and the VIP vehicle has been immobilised.

•

If the destination is reached during darkness the vehicle lights should be on full beam and should be pointed away from location in an attempt to blind any potential attacker.

•

The driver must ensure he is furnished with maps and route cards to locations and acknowledge that he/she has a full understanding of all routes and locations. If he/she does not, then inform the agent immediately.

Your professionalism and co-operation is appreciated. Written by: Damian Rawcliffe

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CLOSE PROTECTION NOTES Personal Security – 5 Main Principles 1. 2. 3. 4.

Situation Awareness Avoid Routine (SAFER) Follow security procedures Exercise Common Sense and Initiative

Remain Anonymous or show strength

Situation Awareness: Accept threat exists Be vigilant (work and leisure) Be suspicious

Cautious approach Avoid Routine Different routes (find & destroy the routine before Different time the terrorist does it to you) Avoid Patterns 9visiting same places) Follow security procedure Establish procedures for Home/Office/Family/Travel Follow the procedures Make them workable Practice what you preach

Exercise common sense and imitative

(# do not panic # use any means at your disposal to counter the threat:

*religion/knowledge of terrorist group ) Remain anonymous or show strength Remain anonymous:

Low profile 227

.. .. .. .. Reservations in a different name .. phone Ex-directory numbers Dress conservatively Do not display jewellery Do not display cash Nothing to allow people to think you are a person of status Show strength (if anonymity is impossible) Make the attacker believe the attack would: Not succeed Show professionalism Strength in numbers (golden rule don’t show weapons) Attacker must believe in your ability (Alertness)

THE THREAT Persons Posing the threat Mentally unstable Criminals Mobs and dissidents Terrorists

(*special population groups druggies etc) * Protesters *Press *Enthusiastic crowd)

THE TERROIST THREAT The use of force or the threat of force by individuals or organisations to achieve by illegal means their political or ideological aims “Kill one terrify a thousand”

PROFILE OF A TERRORIST Age: 20-40 Middle class Educated Knows his aims Left wing extremist Regular job

TERROIST GROUP STRUCTURE Command Support Supply Active – (no ties)

228

TERROIST ATTACKS Bombings Stand off attacks ( Snipers, morters, cyber terrorism –computers) Close quarter attacks Hostage taking

TERRORIST OPERATING PROCEDURES Target group identification Initial reconnaissance of target Target selection Close target reconnaissance Planning Execution Exploitation Lessons learnt

THREAT ASSESSMENT Intelligence sources G1 - Manning G2* G2 – SY (Land/Sea/Air) Request through chain of command G3 – Ops/Trg Low level intelligence(local security forces) G4 - Logistics Other CP teams G5 -PR Media SO3 - Capt SO2 - Maj SO1 – Lt Col

AIM OF THREAT ASSESSMENT Most likely: form of attack Place of attack Time of attack

ASSESSMENT Must be:Clear Current Correct

ANALYSE THE PRINCIPLE Why is he/she going to be a threat Current employment Previous employment Who he/she is

IDENTIFY THE ENEMY Type of people or organisation Reduce lists (No of organisations are reduced through time) ID the groups/individual Capabilities Active areas Capable of activity in area 229

.. .. .. .. ..

STUDY THE ENEMY Individuals making up the group The group: Names Aliases Descriptions Histories

FAVOURITE MODUS OPERANDI (MO) • recent attacks • present capabilities ( it should now be possible to reduce the most likely areas of attack)

RECENT ATTACKS – PRESENT CAPABILITIES

(Study the programme) Identify locations Identify timings Take this into account: Traffic conditions Routines Buildings Terrorist weaponry Weakness in perimeter/building Vehicle security

CONCLUSION Interpretation of all available intelligence Vulnerable elements of operation Allocation of protection resources

SUMMARY Accurate threat assessment trial Update it regularly Use new information as it becomes available

REACTION TO ATTACK PHASES OF RESPONSE IMMEDIATE ACTION STABILISATION PROCEDURE COUNTER ACTION IMMEDIATE ACTION (DRILL) PRINCIPALS: Remove or reduce the threat Place assets between the threat and the VIP Remove the principal from the threat 230

STABILISATION PROCEDURE (find) Containment (fix location/strength) Precise situation (known information) Imprecise situation (N/K information)

COUNTER ACTION Carried out by other agencies

(last resort “strike)

ORGANISATION OF A CP TEAM Composition Team Leader 21/C

RST

PES

SAP

BG

CAT

QM

TEAM LEADER Rank ranges between Sgt – Maj depending on the size of the team and task, usually a SSgt

RESPONSIBILITIES : Command and Tasking of team Obtaining threat assessment Learn about VIP Obtain the VIP’s programme Detail people to carry out recces and liaison where required Make an appreciation Deliver orders/brief team

SECOND IN COMMAND

Rank ranges between Cpl – Capt RESPONSIBILITIES: Prepared to resume command of the team at short notice or in the team leaders absence Involved in the planning from the onset 231

.. .. .. .. ..

RESIDENT SECURITY TEAM (RST) Man power from 1 person up to 3 RESPONSIBILITES: Security of building Running of ops room (24 hrs a day) Searching of residence Securing the location Provides internal security Responsible for VIP family on his return

PERSONAL ESCORT SECTION (PES) 4X PERSONS – Normally used when the threat is extremely high ROLE: Accompany the VIP when mobile or on foot Support BG Overt deterrent First line of defence Obtrusive Recces as directed Accompany and protect VIP whilst out of residence Carry out anti surveillance Provide 360 protection

SECURITY ADVANCE PARTY (SAP) ROLE: Check the routes in advance of the VIP Search and secure locations Manpower due to size of team Remain in location throughout time of visit Check the route and location in advance and remain in situ (friendly face) Security covert (discreet/overt) Ant-surveillance drills Liaise with team De-buss and Em-buss points Check entrance points Check routes Establish comms

BODY GUARD (BG) COUNTER ATTACK TEAM (CAT) ROLE: Back up team

Covert protection Can act as a lazy (PES)

QUARTER MASTER (QM) Usually A Cpl ROLE: 232

Feeding Equipment Vehicles VEHICLE/BUILDING

SEARCH

Vehicle search – 7 stages Surrounding area (systematically Perimeter check (drains, bushes, debris etc) 4 man team = T/L, scribe + 2 searching)

COACH WORK (If vehicle not in use must be: Body work (paint scratched, grease marks #attended, anything odd!) # guarded, # secured )

UNDERNEATH, WHEELS & ARCHES (hands on)

#must be searched if

left unattended

BOOT Don’t forget spare wheel (loose items etc) (#don’t just look for explosives #cut cables #Loose wheel nuts #Draining of fluids #Loose plugs and leads #Bugging devises)

INTERIOR Look inside first then open rear door, search rear first then move forward (”then look into cockpit”)

ENGINE (Visual and then hands on) Washer bottle Heat/cooler ducts Bonnet itself

FINAL TEST Test all controls, move vehicle, brake test

BUILDING SEARCH

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.. .. .. .. the threat triad First assess .. Terrorist aim –(kill or severely maim) Location (routes, (drive ways, entrances etc: recce inquire as to local ???) Type of threat –(what form, surrounding areas/building try to think like a terrorist – plan ahead) VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT Size of device Building structure Red, amber, green (RAG) method of search (3 zone Red = extreme hazard Amber =Suffering injuries Green = Possible injuries )

THE SYSTEMATIC SEARCH All four walls –( Liase with building security – Ask about any building work strange builders) Ceiling -(Roof panels etc) Floor (Fitting of carpets, lumps oddities etc) Furniture - (Look different out of place) Outside areas –( Grounds)

SEQUENCE OF EVENTS CLEAR – escape routes and evacuation areas CLEAR – Ops room/set up plans CONDUCT – search –RAG method SECURE –areas

ACTION UPON DISCOVERING AN IED Don’t touch it Obtain a description – draw a picture Inform TL Mark where the device is physically Wedge doors and windows No radios/flash cameras

ACTION BY TL CONFIRM CLEAR CORDON CONTROL CONTROL POINT CHECK (possible secondary device) Task agencies Inform SUSPICIOUS OBJECT (use staff local to area who may know what it is)

234

ROYAL MILITARY POLICE UNIT PROTOCOL The etiquette with regard to people’s rank and status –where the art of acceptable behaviour, speech and dress is required. BEHAVIOUR On duty Off duty ON DUTY Timings Compliments Personal Opinion Confidentiality (keep to yourself) Over familiarity and fraternisation Honesty – (don’t bluff if you don’t know) Remain approachable (don’t be awkward, be friendly, try to get on) DISTURBING AND ANNOYING HABITS Picking your nose Adjusting the crotch Belching Breaking wind Revving the engine Slamming doors Tuttting Chewing gum Muttering OFF DUTY Alcohol Sex DRESS Acceptable to the VIP Conservative Suitable to the task (ask VIP what is suitable for the function) Clean and well pressed PERSONAL HYGIENE Odour (smoke) Appearance

235

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WALKING FORMATIONS PRINCIPLES OF WALKING FORMATIONS Adaptability Correct spacing - dependant on: Threat level Principals wishing Spacing of the PES Spacing of the BG VIP’s image Observation (360 degrees at all times)

BOX FORMATIONS

SG

SG

VIP

BG

SG

TL

Direction of travel

DIAMOND FORMATIONS

SG

SG

VIP

“V”

FORMATION BG

236

TL

SG

Direction of travel

4th member can be used to stay with car FORMATION SPACING

OPEN FORMATIONS Open box Open diamond Open “v” CLOSED FORMATIONS Closed box Closed diamond Closed “v”

REACTION TO ATTACK PRINCIPALS Remove or reduce the attack Place your assets between the threat and the VIP Remove the VIP from the threat

TYPES OF ATTACK Verbal attack Physical attack Knife attack Gun attack Long range sniper Grenade attack

BUILDING SECURITY LOCATIONS Residence Office 237

.. .. .. .. RESIDENCE ..

Can be in two environments Urban Rural

URBAN points of interest Good emergency response time Good communications Ease of access Ease of evacuation Lack of privacy Cover for enemy surveillance Overlooking buildings

RURAL Privacy Difficult for surveillance teams to merge with locals Emergency response times are slow Routes to and from a rural residence are limited Communications are difficult More ground to protect TYPES OF BUILDINGS

Bungalows Terraced house Country House Barracks/Embassy compound Apartment Hotel

CONSTRUCTION External considerations Internal considerations EXTERNAL Location Perimeter Grounds Buildings Doors – steel core door-drop bar Windows/skylights

INTERNAL VIP suite Safe room Staff quarters Guest room Public rooms

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RESIDENCE SECURITY Outer cordon Intermediate cordon Inner cordon

OUTER CORDON Area up to the outside of the perimeter fence Controlled by police &/or security forces Perimeter fence should provide an effective physical barrier

INTERMEDIATE CORDON Area from the perimeter fence to the residence outer wall Controlled by RST Should be a guard to control access who must consult RST prior to admitting anyone into the residence grounds INNER CORDON Area consists of the inner security of the residence including control of access into the building Controlled by RST RST Team leader (TL) should personally introduce all team members to the VIP, Host and all house staff members at the earliest opportunity

CONDUCT OF RST They need to be discreet Tactful Maintain strict residence security No smoking Keep noise and movement to a minimum especially at night Remain smartly dressed Do not fall asleep Do not show off with weapons Keep the Ops room tidy Respect the principals’ privacy and remember you are in his house Do not enter the VIP suite or study

DUTIES OF THE RST] As well as providing a 24 hr manned Ops room, the RST is responsible for the security of the residence as well as the principle when he is at the residence Answering the phone Answering the door Checking the post Regular security checks Handover/takeover – any program changes Locking and opening up procedures Night time routine

EMERGENCY DRILLS Fire procedure Bomb threat/hoax

239

.. .. .. .. OFFICE .. SECURITY

Locate VIP office on an upper floor BG office located near to VIP Safe room located next to VIP PA office next to VIP Waiting room for visitor

SITUATION AWARENESS OBSERVATION Attention Perception Conclusion

ATTENTION Involuntary Voluntary Habitual SUNMMARY Aware of what you see – look for signals Vet – is it relevant Discard Recognise – pick up on danger signals

SIGNS OF DANGER Obvious – ambush men with guns Situation signs – things in the environment Behavioural signs – body language AMBUSH PRINCIPLES

All approaches covered Ambush must have depth Ambush must be protected

TERRORIST CAPABILITIES Block escape from both directions – will use vehicles Will have a means of: Defeating armour Forcing the VIP to exit from vehicle Neutralise escort Protect itself and escape

AMBUSH SITTING Natural defile Few target escape routes Target approach observed Good terrorist escape routes

VIP OFFICE Solidly constructed door Windows armoured/laminated Alarm system for VIP –through to BG Curtains/blinds for windows Position VIP desk away from view PROCESSING OF VISITORS 240

Other VIPSs Business callers Social callers OTHER VIPs On arrival reception Inform PA VIP or PA meets visitor & guide to office BG in attendance On departure reverse procedure carried out

BUSINESS CALLERS On arrival reception inform PA Visitor called forward to PA office – BG in attendance – if necessary visitor searched Visitor seen by VIP Visitor will depart in accordance with normal drills – get someone to show them out

SOCIAL CALLERS If family allows unhindered access Visitors other than family treat as per business callers

AMBUSH SIGNS Natural defile No target escape No warning Fire positions Terrorist escape Marker Pedestrian Occupied vehicles Most of the signs are fixed Think like a terrorist Identify areas of risk Look for other signs

BEHAVIOUR SIGNS STRESS Pooling Hair stands on end Sweating White face Adrenaline

DEPLACEMENT ACTIVITY Filling in time – window shopping/reading Mask his true intentions Over emphasised

CLOSED BODY SIGNS Limbs crossed – hiding intentions Frequent touch of face – nervous = DANGER Sudden movement to open posture

MENTAL CONDITION STATES GREEN:-

Unaware of surroundings –2-4 seconds to react

241

.. .. .. .. YELLOW:Relaxed alert no specific focus ..General caution, receptive to “triggers” ORANGE:- Specific alert tactical appreciation – legal decision, preparation RED:aggressive

Flight imminent, mental trigger – then you know what to do with: weapon & be

** Never lapse into condition GREEN Where possible remain at YELLOW Move to ORANGE in known danger situation Prepare as much as possible before the flight Lower conditions as soon as possible “Where observation is concerned, chance favours only the prepared mind”

SURVEILLANCE/AWARENESS The systematic observation by covert or overt means of a person

WHO WILL CARRY IT OUT? Terrorists Criminals Press Foreign Intelligence Agencies To ID a CP team Manpower Weapons Vehicles Method of operation Capabilities Alertness

SURVEILLANCE TEAM Trained/not trained Man power –women & men Vehicles Equipment – cameras, radios, wpms

TYPES OF SURVEILLANCE Foot Mobile Static

Ops – Long term/temporary Rural -Urban

Technical

Optics, phone taps, cameras 242

Aerial

very costly

METHODS OF OPERATION Aim: Why are they doing it? Start point: Where the target is? Press, house staff, CP team on the piss Walk pasts & close target recces (CTRs) help to gain info Stake out covering all options Follow The housing, if the target stop the team surrounds the target & coves all options

VEHICLE ANTI-AMBUSH Protect the VIP Remove the VIP from danger Choose the operative drill Don’t attack the ambush Fast & aggressive action Beware of the decoy – secondary attack

TYPES OF ANTI-AMBUSH Drive through Block front Block front and rear Vehicle change over

ONE CAR DRILLS DRIVE THROUGH BG shouts “Get down” Vehicles move away from the main threat, accelerates, lights and horn, nearest safe house BG returns fire BG sends contact report BLOCK FRONT BG shouts “get down” VIP stops if you can’t ram the block BG returns fire Vehicle reverses out of killing zone VIP vehicle turns BG sends contact report

BLOCK FRONT AND REAR BG shouts “get down VIP vehicle stops BG returns fire Vehicle reverses until rear block is there Assess where the main threat/fire power is coming from Vehicle moves away/Adopts/vehicle position putting the vehicle between you and threat Exit vehicle to the protected side Deploy smoke/driver engages enemy BG controls VIP & considers extraction BG/VIP extract goes to nearest safe house Send contact report

243

.. .. .. .. TWO CAR .. DRILLS DRIVE THROUGH BG shouts “get down” VIP vehicle moves away from ambush – horn and lights PES moves towards ambush and returns fire – run people down Send contact report Safe house BLOCK FRONT BG shouts “get down” VIP vehicle stops and reverses lights and horn PES moves in front –deploys smoke PES vehicle returns fire PES/VIP reverse back together, PES giving cover to VIP Vehicles turn when able Safe House Contact report

BLOCK FRONT AND REAR BG shouts “get down” VIP vehicle stops and reverses lights and horn PES moves in front returns fire and deploys smoke PES reverses back providing cover for VIP vehicle Rear block goes in is spotted Assessment of main threat/fire power VIP vehicle moves away and adopts “vehicle position” PES vehicle forms a 2T” or a “V” PES deploy return fire and lay smoke PES command decides on extraction BG extract VIP from vehicle BG/VIP & PES aggressively withdraw to cover/safe house Send contact report

VEHICLE CHANGEOVER There must be a change to drive out of ambush (VIP vehicle is u/s) BG shouts “get down” VIP vehicle will stop =vehicle position if possible PES vehicle stops beside VIP vehicle – must be protected side PES driver remains in vehicle/PES deploy BG/VIP change vehicle PES vehicle extracts from area to nearest safe house PES and VIP driver extract by foot Send contact report

CAT TEAM DRILLS Options: a) Stop short – flanking attack b) Stop short – go firm (A) One CAT team member will remain with vehicle – if there is more than two CAT team move into flanking position CAT attack enemy 244

Once VIP is away and extracted they break of attack CAT extract to nearest safe house (B) CAT go firm – 360 degrees cover Inform BG/VIP BG/VIP find/manoeuvre to CAT location BG/VIP drive to nearest safe house Rest of CAT extract themselves

SURVEILLANCE AWARENESS A system of drills used by CPT to detect &/or evade surveillance

TYPES Types Covert Overt

PASSIVE Maintain personal security skills (PSS) Beware - look round check mirrors etc Be suspicious of people/vehicles Avoid routine Be methodical – don’t take short cuts Good communications – telling people information

COVERT The employment of apparently normal acts, which may cause an abnormal reaction

ON FOOT Use a busy shopping centre Use escalators and lifts Identify possible stake out and trigger locations Use quiet open areas such as parks and country walks Use a different drop off and pick up location

MOBILE Variations of speed Not using vehicles immediately Short trips Minor traffic violations Use of indicators

OVERT

245

.. .. .. .. Drills carried .. out openly to evade surveillance COUNTER-SURVEILLANCE Use of a 3rd party to identify surveillance on a briefed individual (CP Team) Collect – Speak to a member of the team Sift what’s important and what’s not use a matrix system Assess Brief - tell the higher authority Plan Acting - act out the plan

REACTION TO ATTACK

BUILDING – RTA 3 PHASES 1 Immediate action 2 Stabilisation 3 Counter action 1A Remove/reduce the threat Place assets between the threat & the VIP Remove the principle from the threat

STABILISATION Team must aim to stabilise the situation Avoid aggressive posture unless necessary Prevent the situation from deteriorating CONTAINMENT Surround the incident Fix the enemy’s location, strength and condition 2

SITUATIONS Be precise Imprecise Precise is when we know

Composition of the enemy Strength of the enemy Capabilities of the enemy 246

Location of the enemy All of these are known

(location of VIP)

Imprecise This is a situation when one or more of the previous factors are unknown

FURTHER POINTS If the enemy have VIP: *Prevent escape *Negotiate *Gain time – can be done by negotiating *Gather information *Line of compromised authority – move tactfully so you’re not seen by enemy *Window of opportunity

COUNTER ACTION Will only go into a building to rescue VIP –(fire, bomb, rounds going through safe room door) Only go in as a last resort COMBAT APPRECIATION Ground Situation (surrounding area) Aim – save VIP Enemy – how professional are they? CALCULATED PLAN Keep the plan simple It must be structured around protecting VIP Covert entry/overt entry – distraction SUMMARY Find principle Fix enemy’s location Strike (react)

VEHICLE EM-BUS & DE-BUS DRILLS Principle is extremely vulnerable when moving from/to a vehicle Risk is higher when VIP is being picked up /dropped off

BASIC FORMS Orthodox Unorthodox

247

.. .. .. .. ORTHODOX ..

When the vehicle is stationary & the VIP can de-bus on the same side of the vehicle as the entrance

FACTORS - visits Official engagement Private engagement Unscheduled stop

OFFICIAL ENGAGEMENT A pre-planed visit to an event & may be known/anticipated by others who pose a threat May be advertised in media

PRIVATE ENGAGEMENT These include recreational visits normally outside working hours, although pre-planned it will not be advertised and should not be known to others who pose a threat

UNSHEDULED STOP This would include a visit at short notice not pre-planned

BG EM-BUS CONSIDERATIONS Vehicle in position Stop close to pick up point 360 degrees observation by BG and driver 1BG informs Driver when VIP is arriving at vehicle Driver always has gear engaged Driver & 1BG identify escape routes

PLANNING A CP OPERATION

FACTORS The principle’s profile The threat The programme Recces An appreciation An Op order

PRINCIPLE’S PROFILE ADC’s, PA’s, older CP teams Pen picture to include career profile Family and friends 248

Description – height and build Medical info-blood group, conditions Likes and dislikes Attitude to CP Category of VIP THE THREAT -Person(s0 who pose threat –terrorist-criminal-psychopath-crank-demonstrators -Methods of operation:- assassination, kidnap, hostage, instilling of fear, surveillance -Gathering intelligence:- G2 Branch, Int & Sy, embassy Sy Offrs, reliable civilian Sy, police agencies, other CP teams -Levels of protection:- Cat 1 VIP in danger/an attack can be expected Cat 2 VIP is in some danger an attack can not be ruled out Cat 3 VIP is at threat CAT 1 PROTECTION BG, full PES Protection at place of work & places visiting Use of armoured vehicles Counter-attack team Use of electronic fortifications

CAT 2 PROTECTION BG PES – reduced form Some of the measures of CAT 1

CAT 3 PROTECTION May be given a BG and a PES Residence and place of work may be patrolled by Police and other agencies Places frequented by VIP may be given attention

249

.. .. .. .. ..

THE PROGRAMME Obtained early & discussed daily to see if there are any changes Available form :- ADC, PA,MA or the VIP

TYPES OF ENGAGEMENTS Official Private

(*Check programme for errors, seating plans, guest lists car passes, weather arrangements accom, and feeding arrangements programme establish places to get changed /medical facilities, evacuation plan)

OFFICIAL Civilian locations:Formal functions Black tie dinners, banquets, public speeches and cocktail parties Military/Embassy locations:Military tattoos, official calls, remembrance day, ceremonial functions, places at work

PRIVATE Recreational – Golf, tennis, walking etc Sight seeing – museums, art galleries Evening entertainment – cinema, meals, drinks, opera Travel – railway, airports

TIMINGS Accurate Realistic *both to be determines on the recce phase *visit locations and do drives as per the programme

DRESS Should always be practical & and be able to carry out drills Should always compliment the principle –VIP in a suit BG in a suit Never out dress the principle Always choose clothes that blend in with the environment Always have sufficient clothes for the task – possible overnight stays Prior to tasks BG to confirm with VIP reference dress codes

TRANSPORT Flying programme Principle travelling another vehicle 250

The principle driving himself Walking remember back up vehicle

RECONNAISSANCE Map appreciation –routes/roads Identify locations to be visited

ROUTES Known routes Clear the routes – road works Personal security No recce report/route card required

9phone AA – teletex)

Unknown routes Full drive/walk by team Full recce reports Route card Good map appreciation Check programme for accuracy – timings are ok Check comms when out and about Recce main route and alternative route Drive routes the same times and day

LOCATIONS Full recce reports produced Good map appreciation – look for places of interest in the area that the VIP might visit Em-bus/De-bus points (video/photograph? –location) Entry/exit points to the buildings Vulnerable points –(when in open) Safe room inside each location (access at short notice) Emergency RV points Actions on Comms check 360 degrees protection at all times Use the team to the full Car parking & vehicle security vehicles not to be left unattended Existing Sy measures

EQUIPMENT Recce report/route cards Maps Stationary Dictaphone Camera Camcorder Watch

LIAISON With the organisers and planners of the event Military/embassy officials Other Sy agencies 251

.. .. .. .. Other CP .. teams Civil police and SB Airport/Port Sy staff – for VIP flying in RECCE REPORTS

(safe houses and police stations)

COMMUNICATION Codes Red spot system Code words Use of serials

(comms)

All down to good comms

APPRECIATION The aim The factors The courses open to the team – choose the best course The plan – OP orders Operational (OP) order is a method of conveying a commanders plan to those who must execute that plan & to the others who must use it

THE BODYGUARD

QUALITIES OF A BODYGUARD Sense of responsibility Mature, positive and confident Alert and active mind Methodical Reliable Ability to get on/communicate with people Realistic – what you can and can’t do Truthful and honest Patient, tactful and tolerant A single minded devotion to duty and priorities Not easily bored Conscientious Diplomatic ROLE OF A BODY GUARD CP team bodyguard Duties of a CP team BG Prior to the operation Must know routes to each location Carry out a recce of each location to be visited Be aware of the em –bus/d-bus locations Be aware of existing Sy measures Familiarise himself with the VIP’s profile Other tasks allocated by the TL 252

During the operation Brief the VIP on duties and drills Introduction of yourself & driver Previous CP experience of VIP Brief the VI on actions on Mobile Sy –central locking windows Programme changes including dress Passage of information to the team –tell them everything Protection of the VIP Door opening/closing Escorting the VIP RTA drills

POST OPERATION/END OF DUTY Brief oncoming BG on:Programme changes Timings Dress for the day Problem areas –likes/dislikes of VIP Tactical considerations Brief the team leader Prepare information for the Post Ex Report (PXR)

THE INDIVIDUAL BODY GUARD Pre-Operation Gathering information Threat assessment Programme – changes/timings VIP profile Plan the CP operation Recce each route & location Brief Sp staff – driver During the operation Brief the VIP on drills Provide protection during the operation Command and control ** Be prepared for CHANGE/FASTBALL** Post –Operation Clean up & re-supply Post operation report – pass on the information

253

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FIRST AID. AIMS OF FIRST AID. To save life To prevent the casualties condition from getting worse PRINCIPLES OF FIRST AID. To prevent further injury to the casualty and to avoid injury to yourself, e.g., from fire, fumes, flames, collapsing buildings and any other hazards

To assess and treat the casualties in the following order of priority: Airways Breathing Circulation Disability Then to place the casualty in a comfortable position To immobilise injured limbs and broken bones To relieve pain if possible To arrange for evacuation, if necessary, in the correct priority REASONS FOR OBSTRUCTED AIRWAYS. Suffocation Inhalation of blood, vomit or water Foreign material in the mouth or throat, such as false teeth, blood clot, vomit, mud and debris 254

Swelling of the airway Injury to the face and neck RECOGNITION OF OBSTRUCTED AIRWAY. Breathing might be absent or noisy, bubbling, gasping or whistling Face might be blue or pale If conscious he might make violent efforts to breath If unconscious he might be convulsing ACTION TO BE TAKEN. Clear the airway Open airway- jaw thrust manoeuvre Place in ¾ prone position

REASONS FOR STOPPAGE OF BREATHING. Choking Suffocation Swelling of airway The tongue falling back in unconscious casualties Electric shock Drowning in water, blood or vomit Heart attack Poisoning due to nerve agents or an overdose of drugs such as morphine RECOGNITION OF STOPPAGE OF BREATHING. He will be unconscious Face might be blue or pale There will be no obvious chest movement No air being exhaled

255

.. .. .. .. ACTION .. TO BE TAKEN. EXHALED AIR RESUSITATION 2 breaths initially, then 10 breaths per minute- 1 every 6 seconds Check pulse Lay in ¾ prone position REASONS FOR HEART STOPPING. Stoppage of breathing Electrocution Drowning Hypothermia Heart attack Poisoning RECOGNITION OF HEART STOPPING. Check the CAROTID PULSE at the neck after the first two breaths of EAR ACTION TO BE TAKEN. Clear the airway Lay casualty on back on a firm surface Open airway 2 breaths of EAR Check CAROTID pulse for 5 seconds If no pulse begin compressions1 person – 15 compressions to 2 breathes 2 persons- 5 compressions to 1 breath SHOCK SHOCK IS THE BODYS REACTION TO LOSS OF CIRCULATING BODILY FLUID THROUGH INJURY, FOR EXAMLE BLEEDING AND BURNS.

256

RECOGNITION OF SHOCK. Casualty might feel cold and clammy on the skin Might be pale and look anxious There might be a blue tinge to the extremities, such as his nose, ears and fingers Pulse might be weak and fast Breathing might be shallow and rapid Might complain of feeling weak, faint and giddy with blurred vision Might be thirsty Might be semi-conscious or unconscious ACTION TO BE TAKEN. Lay casualty down, flat if possible Clear airway and ensure he is breathing Look for and stop any external bleeding Support and immobilise any injured limbs Keep the casualty warm and protect from the cold, wind and rain Avoid over heating DO NOT give anything to drink- only moisten lips with water DO NOT give morphine if; Has difficulty in breathing Is unconscious Has head injury REASONS FOR UNCONSCIOUSNESS.

Stoppage of blood supply to the brain, ie, fainting and heart attack Head injury Stoppage of breathing Drugs, alcohol, chemicals and poisons Diseases such as diabetes and epilepsy RECOGNITION OF UNCONSCIOUSNESS. Will not respond to normal or loud speech Will not respond to touch or pain such as pinching the ear lobe Will not respond to simple commands Might not be breathing 257

.. .. .. .. .. ACTION TO BE TAKEN. Check and clear airway Place in ¾ prone Never leave unattended because tongue may fall back into the throat and cause blockage Might vomit and drown as fluid runs into lungs FRACTURES. TREAT TO REDUCE PAIN AND PREVENT FURTHER INJURY.

Two types of fractures; CLOSED FRACTURE – no break in the skin OPEN FRACTURE – open wound Dress wound as appropriate and immobilise wound or limb COMPLICATED FRACTURE. There is damage to blood vessels, nerves and other important structures round the fracture

RECOGNITION OF COMPLICATED FRACTURE. The casualty might have felt or heard the bone break Might complain of pain and tenderness at the site of injury Might see bruising, swelling or deformity of the injured part Might be loss of movement or abnormal movement of injured part ACTION TO BE TAKEN. Stop bleeding and cover wounds with a dressing Immobilise the limb CHEST INJURIES. CRUSHED CHEST. 258

Might see abnormal chest movement on injured side Breathing will be painful and difficult Might complain of being short of breath Might be shocked, look anxious and distressed Lips may become blue Might cough up blood

ACTION TO BE TAKEN. Clear airway If conscious put in comfortable sitting position If there is a lot of abnormal movement of chest wall, casualty may be more comfortable lying on injured side If unconscious lie in ¾ prone position, lying on injured side OPEN CHEST WOUNDS. RECOGNITION OF OPEN CHEST WOUNDS. Will see a wound and might hear a sucking when casualty breaths in Breathing will be difficult and shallow Might see blood stained liquid bubbling out when casualty breaths out Might cough up blood Might show signs of shock ACTION TO BE TAKEN. Clear airway Seal hole leaving valve on bottom of seal Place comfortable position or in ¾ prone on injured side INTERNAL CHEST INJURY. DAMAGE TO BLOOD VESSELS, LUNGS OR HEART BY EXPLOSION AND BLAST.

259

.. .. .. .. RECOGNITION OF INTERNAL CHEST INJURY. .. Casualty might cough up blood Breathing will be difficult and painful Might look shocked Might know or suspect that he has been subject to a blast ACTION TO BE TAKEN. Treat for shock Treat sitting up if possible

ABDOMINAL INJURIES. RECOGNITION OF ABDOMINAL INJURIES. Might be wound or bruising of the abdomen, lower chest, lower back, groin or buttock

Might complain of pain and tenderness in his abdomen, abdomen muscles might be tense Will show signs of shock Might be vomiting blood stained fluid ACTION TO BE TAKEN. Cover wound with dressings If any gut is visible dressing should be wet Place casualty in ‘W’ position with knees drawn up and head and shoulders raised Or on side with knees drawn up Treat for shock Request urgent evacuation DO NOT give food or drink 260

BURNS. HEAT

CHEMICAL

RADIATION

RECOGNITION OF BURNS. SUPERFICIAL BURNS- appear red and the area might be swollen and blistered DEEP BURNS- appears dull-white and might be charring Some casualties might have a combination ACTION TO BE TAKEN. Put out flames Cool part with cold water for 10 minutes Cover burn including charred clothing with clean dry dressing Give morphine if necessary DO NOT burst blisters or remove charred clothing or apply lotions etc If casualty is conscious give frequent sips of water Place in comfortable position and immobilise and support burnt limbs PHOSPHEROUS BURNS. Cover burn with WET dressing and keep wet DO NOT remove phosphorous HEAT ILLNESS. HEAT EXHAUSTION HEAT STROKE RECOGNITION OF HEAT EXHAUSTION.

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Headache, dizziness and nausea

Cramps in legs or abdomen Pale clammy skin Weak pulse Might become confused and eventually unconscious ACTION TO BE TAKEN. Lay casualty down in cool shaded place Give frequent sips of cool water Keep cool by fanning or by sponging whole body down with cool water Heat stroke may develop RECOGNITION OF HEAT STROKE. All the above Show disturbed or uncharacteristic behaviour Fatigue, headache, and irritability Diminished sweating Nausea Flushed dry skin ACTION TO BE TAKEN. Lay in coolest place Remove all clothing Give sips of water Sponge down and fan or expose to breeze if possible Evacuate

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COLD INJURIES. HYPOTHERMIA NON-FREEZING COLD INJURY (TRENCH FOOT) FREEZING COLD INJURY (FROST BITE) HYPOTHERMIA. RESULT OF PROLONGED EXPOSURE TO COLD, WET AND WINDY WEATHER CONDITONS OR SUDDEN IMERSION IN ICY WATER

RECOGNITON OF HYPOTHERMIA. Uncontrollable shivering Unusual tiredness Disturbed vision Slurred speech Unexpected bursts of energy Unexpected behaviour changes When on the move, might slow down, stumble and repeated fall down Might collapse and become unconscious ACTION TO BE TAKEN. Protect casualty from weather Replace any wet clothes Put in dry sleeping bag with companion Give warm sweet non-alcoholic drinks Evacuate NON-FREEZING COLD INJURY. (TRENCH FOOT) RECOGNITION OF NON-FREEZING COLD INJURY. Feet become white, numb, cold and possibly swollen

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.. .. .. .. ACTION .. TOBE TAKEN. Protect the casualty from weather Gently clean and dry feet Warm feet using direct body heat Evacuate DO NOT RUB or WALK

FREEZING COLD INJURY. (FROST BITE). RECOGNITION OF FREEZING COLD INJURY, Feet appear white, are numb and look like marble Advanced will blister and go black and gangrenous Affected area feels cold and firm to touch ACTION TO BE TAKEN. Put in dry sleeping bag Give hot, sweet non-alcoholic drinks Evacuate Frozen feet can walk MORPHINE. DO NOT GIVE MORPHINE TO:

UNCONSCIOUS

HEAD INJURIES INJURIES AFFECTING BREATHING

Mark casualty with:

‘M’ Date

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Time

Up to 3 syretes

BATTLESHOCK. RECOGNITION OF BATTLESHOCK. Physical symptoms such as weakness or deafness, out of proportion to or absence of injury

Severe apprehension or restlessness Overwhelming guilt or despair Continuing over reaction to sound such as trembling Unexpected changes in behaviour, restlessness or over-reaction Substance abuse Dazed and confused state ACTION TO BE TAKEN. Reassure and evacuate

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