The American Period in the Philippines

Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo Lecture from Prof Francis August Ramos Transcribed by Nikko Izar

The American Period in the Philippines The American Colonial Policies First Phase of Revolution -

The start of Emilio Aguinaldo’s government is the end of the Katipunan

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Loss of Spanish Empire in the Orient

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Philippine Independent Church – Gregorio Aglipay or The Aglipayan Church

Spanish American War -

Battle in Manila Bay and Mock Battle in Manila

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George Dewey, Spencer Pratt and Emilio Aguinaldo

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Informal alliance of Emilio Aguinaldo and the Americans

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Betrayal of the Americans

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The Americans need the Filipinos to buy time in waiting for the reinforcement

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Philippine American War Battle in San Juan Bridge February 4, 1899

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Private William Grayson

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1898 – Americans are friends

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1899 – Americans are enemies

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Apolinario Mabini – sublime paralytic adviser of Emilio Aguinaldo

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Battle of Tirad Pass – Gregorio del Pilar

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Assassination of Gen. Antonio Luna

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Capture of Emilio Aguinaldo in Palanan, Isabela .

Policy of Pacification -

Military Government – Military General Wesley Meritt, Elwell Otis and Arthur McArthur

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Benevolent Assimilation – Americans are not invaders/conquerors but FRIENDS

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Proclaimed by President William Mckinley

Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo Lecture from Prof Francis August Ramos Transcribed by Nikko Izar

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Embarrassing if they will not colonize the Philippines; there will be anarchy in the Philippines in the hands of the Filipinos, Manifest destiny of the Americans to COLONIZE, CIVILIZE, CHRISTIANIZE AND EDUCATE the Filipinos

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Foreign interest in the Philippines: British, French, Japanese and the Germans

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1. First / Schurman Commission

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2. Second / Taft Commission

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Effects:

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-Americans’ message of goodwill

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-investigate, survey, recommendation and implementation of laws in the Philippines

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-bicameral legislature – Philippine Commission and Philippine Assembly

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-establishment of civil government

new chartered cities – Cebu, Iloilo, Bacolod, Davao, Zamboanga, San Pedro, Quezon City, Cavite and Tagaytay -reorganization of municipal and provincial government -opening of public school system (Primary and Secondary) -Philippine Constabulary -Civil service system Howard Taft William Cameron Forbes Luke Wright Henry Ide James Smith Burton Francis Burton Harrison Henry Stimson Dwight Davies Theodore Roosevelt

Leonard Wood

Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo Lecture from Prof Francis August Ramos Transcribed by Nikko Izar

Frank Murphy

Suppressing Nationalism - Flag Law - Sedition Law -

Re-concentration Act

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Brigandage Act

Policy of Attraction  Economic Development -Payne-Aldrich Tariff Act -Underwood-Simmons Act -

Improvement in the Transportation and Communication

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Policy of Filipinization Philippine Commission – Federal Party –

Pro-Americans – Democrats – Opposition -

Philippine Assembly

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Philippine Bill 1902 / Cooper Act

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Filipino commissions in Washington

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Council of State

Philippine Assembly: Speaker of the House – Sergio Osmeña Majority Floor Leader – Manuel Quezon Policy of Independence -

Wood-Forbes Mission (enemies of Independence)

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Lack of sufficient resources

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Philippine economy is still dependent with the economy of the United States

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There are still many graft and corruption in the government

Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo Lecture from Prof Francis August Ramos Transcribed by Nikko Izar

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Philippines is not yet ready to defend itself from other aggressors -

Problems in taxation and revenues; maldistribution of lands or agrarian and social problems

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There was still political instability

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Filipinos participation in the elections

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Political Parties:

-Independence Party or Nationalist Party -Democratic Party -

Jones Law – Granting of Independence to the Philippines

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The Hare Hawes Cutting Law and Tydings Mcduffie Law

Effects of the American period in the Philippines -

Purchasing of Friar Lands

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Spanish weights and measures – improved

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Modern machines

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Agricultural Products increased

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Export Crops: Sugar, Copra, Coconut, Metals and Hemp

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Payne-Aldrich Tariff Act of 1909 – partial free trade of the Philippines and the United States

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Underwood-Simons Tariff Act – Full trade

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Because of the Free Market of America, the annual balance of trade was generally in favor of the Philippines

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Defects of Free Trade with the United States brought economic prosperity to the Filipinos which in turn resulted in a higher standard of living, better health and sanitation and social advancement

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But Philippine economic prosperity is only artificial, economically Philippine economy became dependent in American Markets.

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Filipinos neglected to develop other markets in other countries such as Great Britain, Spain, China, France, Germany and Holland.

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-Industrial Development – advent of the industrial age in the Philippines

Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo Lecture from Prof Francis August Ramos Transcribed by Nikko Izar

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-Philippine cigar and cigarette factories, coconut oil mills, sugar and other minerals

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-Growth: Mat and Hat, Cloth weaving industry, rattan and wood furniture, pottery and brick industry, slipper industry

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-NEPA- National Economic Protectionism Association

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- Improved and the development of Philippine Products: piña, jusi cloth, Ilocano blankets, towels, hemp slippers, Marikina shoes, bakyas, hats, Barong Tagalog and Balintawak for Filipinas

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Creation of many roads- Gov. Gen. Cameron Forbes

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Manila-Dagupan Railway- Philippine Railway Company

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Opening of shipping ports

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MERALCO – old Spanish horse drawn street car line in Manila organized by Charles M. Swift

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American imported electric street cars

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China clipper

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PLDT – communication

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Currency – Silver to Gold

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Philippine Postal Savings Banks

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Philippine National Bank

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Influences – most westernized nation in Asia

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Asian Identity ?

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More European than Asian?

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Democracy – extended to the to Filipino masses (Common “Tao”)

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Food

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Cigarette

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Clothes

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Use of Mr. and Ms.

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Being Frank, Broadminded, Humor and Sportsmanship

Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo Lecture from Prof Francis August Ramos Transcribed by Nikko Izar

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Equality – brothers, sisters

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Kissing the hands, “mano po”

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Family Prayers

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Women – freedom, no chaperons, work, sports and education

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Popular Education – Public Schools – Thomasites

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Freedom

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Health

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English names

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English Literature

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Streets, plazas, hotels, hospitals, movie houses, banks, restaurants, stores, commercial firms, bridges, schools and colleges- English names

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Moro-moro to Zarsuela

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Newspaper- Manila Daily Bulletin

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Elevators, aircon, columns- Corinthian, Doric, Ionic, Graeco, Roman, Gothic and Byzantine

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Guillermo Tolentino – Bonifacio Monument

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American Song hits and dance

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Protestant Christianity

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Holywood Silent Movies- “Talkies”

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Physical Education

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Sportmanship

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Ballroom Dancing

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Philippine Heroes

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National Heroes Day, Bonifacio and Rizal Day, Valentines Day

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Christmas Tree, Christmas Lights, Cards and Halloween Party

Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo Lecture from Prof Francis August Ramos Transcribed by Nikko Izar