Tesis

  

_KNQOPWNMCM KCGNEKCL C_]×KEIC MO IÎVNGE ACG_L]CM MO NKHOKNOPÉC

Gekstruggn÷k mo iosc gekgoktrcmerc pcrc lc gekgoktrcgn÷k hrcvniîtrngc mo ere ingresg÷pnge mo inkorcl prevoknokto pr evoknokto mol Ostcme mo Iîxnge.  Iîxnge. 

]OWNW Suo pcrc e`tokor ol tétule mo  mo  

Nkhoknorc mo Inkcs y Iotclurhnstc 

RPOWOK]C Jokkyaor Crncmkc Gfãvoz Gorvcktos

MNPOG]EP MO ]OWNW Megter Acustnke Juãroz Wãkgfoz

Gnumcm _knvorsntcrnc, Gm. Ix., 023>  023> 

 

 

Momngcternc

 C ins pcmros: pcmros:  Cmolcnmc, lc iojer iojer y iãs foriesc anhurc anhurc aoioknkc, tú io oksoócsto oksoócsto c sor vclnokto, gãlnmc y cieresc. Oros y sorãs snoipro in ojoiple c sohunr. Omucrme, ol cpeye y cier quo io fcs mcme ke so geipcrc gek ol mo knkhukc etrc porsekc, oksoóãkmeio snoipro ol vcler mo lc porsovorckgnc y fekostnmcm.  C in quornmc forickc Mcako, Mcako, quo snoipro snoipro io fc `rnkmcme `rnkmcme su icke icke ckto guclqunor sntucgn÷k, per telorcr ins legurcs y cuk csé quororio.  C Okrnquo Hutnîrroz Hutnîrroz per sor in geipcóore geipcóore ok teme osto osto pregose, pregose, ok gekvokgorio mo ke rokmnrio y mo okgektrcr ok tn temcs lcs pclc`rcs mo clnokte4 per eterhcrio tu gekanckzc y mo geipcrtnr gekinhe ieioktes tck icrcvnlleses.  C Jossno Ãlvcroz Ãlvcroz per sor llc c iojer cinhc cinhc quo io fo pemnme okgektrcr, okgektrcr, snoipro fcgnîkmeio roér y per sor in iãs hrckmo gekanmokto. Acustnke Juãroz Wãkgfoz, in hrck huéc mosmo ol sorvngne segncl, ukc  porsekc mnhkc mnhkc mo cminrcgn÷k, cminrcgn÷k, tcloktesc tcloktesc y oipãtngc4 oipãtngc4 lo chrcmozge chrcmozge teme ol gekegninokte y cpeye quo io fc `rnkmcme.

 

 

Gektoknme

Posuiok .................................................................................................................................... ?  Wuiicry .................................................................................................................................... 1  Nktremuggn÷k Nktremuggn÷ k ................................................................................................................................ 8  GCRÉ]_LE N ................................................................................................................................ >   CK]OGOMOK]OW  CK]OGOMO K]OW ^ HO HOKOPCLNMC KOPCLNMCMOW MOW .................................................................................... >   Cktogomoktos  Cktogomo ktos .......................................................................................................................... >  Wntne mo Ostumne ..................................................................................................................... 32  Fnmrehrcaéc:........................................................................................................................ 32  Erehrcaéc: .......................................................................................................................... 33  Hoelehéc:: ........................................................................................................................... 33  Hoelehéc Lc Fcgnokmn Fcgnokmntc tc @O-37 .......................................................................................................... 37  GCRÉ]_LE NN ............................................................................................................................. 3=  ICPGE ]O×PNGE ................................................................................................................... 3=  Gekgoktrcgn÷k Gekgoktrcgn ÷k hrcvniîtrngc................................................................................................... 3=  Iosc gekgoktrcm gekgoktrcmerc: erc: ......................................................................................................... 3?  Auorzcs c lcs quo os seiotnme ol inkorcl: ......................................................................... 31  Eporcgn÷k mo lcs ioscs gekgoktrcm gekgoktrcmercs: ercs: .......................................................................... 36   Pnalos ................................................................................................................................. 3>  Gnkoiãtngc y mnkãingc mo lc pcrtégulc ................................................................................... 07  Loy mo Wtedos y su rosnstokgn rosnstokgnc c cl ievninokte ....................................................................... 01  Rrnkgnpne mo Qckkor ............................................................................................................... 0>   GCRÉ]_LE NNN ............................................................................................................................ 72  MOWCPPELLE MOWCPP ELLE OVROPN OVROPNIOK]CL. IOK]CL. ............................................................................................ 72   Gcrcgtornzcgn÷k Gcrcgtornzcgn ÷k mol inkorcl, ckãlnsns hrckuleiîtrnge, trnturcgn÷k y ielnokmc ...................... 72  ]rnturcgn÷k.......................................................................................................................... 7?  Ielnokmc ............................................................................................................................ 76  Gekstruggn÷k mo iosc gekgoktrc gekgoktrcmerc merc y gekanhu gekanhurcgn÷k rcgn÷k mo rnalos.......................................... =2   Gekanhurcgn÷k Gekanhurcgn÷ k mo les rrnalos nalos.................................................................................................. =?  GCRÉ]_LE NQ ........................................................................................................................... =6  POW_L]CMEW POW_L]CM EW OK LC IOWC GEKGOK]PCM GEKGOK]PCMEPC EPC.................................................................. =6   

 

Posultcmess mo ckãlnsns mo lc`ercterne .................................................................................... ?0   Posultcme Gãlgule mo auorzcs a uorzcs cgtucktos ................................................................................................ ?7  GCRÉ]_LE Q ............................................................................................................................ ?1   ÃKCLNWNW MO POW_ POW_L]CMEW L]CMEW ^ G GEKGL_WNEKO EKGL_WNEKOW W .................................................................. ?1  POAOPOKGNCW POAOPOK GNCW ........................................................................................................................ ?6 

 

 

 

Posuiok Ol prosokto trc`cje tnoko geie e`jotnve sor ukc cltorkctnvc pcrc lc gekgoktrcgn÷k mo ere kctnve prevoknokto iukngnpneokmoukc Luvnckes, Ome. mo Iîxnge4 gek lc ok cyumc mo lc sopcrcgn÷k per mnaorokgnc momol moksnmcmos iosc gekgoktrcmerc iemnangcmc lc mnspesngn÷k y hoeiotréc mo sus rnalos. Osto inkorcl prosoktc gnortcs pcrtngulcrnmcmos quo ke porintok ukc gekgoktrcgn÷k oangnokto ok ukc iosc gekgoktrcmerc gekvokgnekcl, geie sek lcs gekgoktrcgnekos `cjcs mo iotclos progneses, aericgn÷k mo suspoksnekos ok chuc y lc hrck gcktnmcm mo lnies, crgnllcs y goknzc ok lc regc. Ok osto ostumne so nkgluyo ol ckãlnsns mo gc`ozc mo lcs iuostrcs, sus pcrãiotres mo trnturcgn÷k y mo ielnokmc, lc gekstruggn÷k mo ukc iosc gekgoktrcmerc iemnangcmc, ol pregose mo gekgoktrcgn÷k mo lcs iuostrcs, ol ckãlnsns quéinge mo les gekgoktrcmes, ol ostumne mo lcs auorzcs cgtucktos y ankcliokto, les rosultcmes e`toknmes. Le nkkevcmer quo so prosoktc ok ostc iosc sek lcs zekcs mo trcksngn÷k c lcs quo ostã sujote osto inkorcl, porintnokme ukc icyer sopcrcgn÷k mo lcs pcrtégulcs, mnsinkuyokme ol geksuie mo chuc, tnoipe y okorhéc ok su gekgoktrcgn÷k mo`nme c lc sniplngnmcm mo oaogtucr vcrnes pregoses ok uke sele.  Cqué so moankok les iojeros pcrãiotres okgektrc okgektrcmes mes pcrc trc`cjcr ok lc iosc ac`rngcmc, snk oi`crhe, guclqunor vcrncgn÷k ok gcmc uke mo olles crrejcrã rosultcmes iuy mnaoroktos, per le quo os nipertckto geksnmorcr quo so roqunoro mo gektrelos rnhureses pcrc e`tokor les rosultcmes mosocmes. Lc moankngn÷k mo pcrãiotres eporctnves ok lc iosc gekgoktrcmerc os uk pregose quo roqunoro mo iugfc e`sorvcgn÷k, mo gekstckto suporvnsn÷k, mo ukc hrck gcktnmcm mo pruo`cs y mo uk ckãlnsns inkugnese ok les rosultcmes.

?

 

 

Wuiicry ]fo e`jogtnvos ea tfns prosokt werd cro te `o ck cltorkctnvo aer tfo gekgoktrctnek ea kctnvo helm arei tfo iukngnpclnty ea Luvnckes, Ostcme mo Ioxnge4 wntf tfo folp ea tfo sopcrctnek `y mnaaorokgo ea moksntnos nk c gekgoktrctnkh tc`lo iemnanom nk tfo mnspesntnek ckm hoeiotry ea tfonr rnaalos. ]fns inkorcl fcs gortcnk gfcrcgtornstngs tfct me ket cllew oaangnokt gekgoktrctnek nk c gekvoktnekcl gekgoktrctnkh tc`lo, sugf cs lew gekgoktrctneks ea progneus iotcls, aerictnek ea suspoksneks nk wctor ckm tfo lcrho cieukt ea snlt, glcy ckm csf nk tfo regd. ]fns stumy nkglumos tfo focm ckclysns ea tfo sciplos, tfonr grusfnkh ckm hrnkmnkh pcrciotors, tfo gekstrugtnek ea c iemnanom gekgoktrctnkh tc`lo, tfo gekgoktrctnek pregoss ea tfo sciplos, tfo gfoingcl ckclysns ea tfo gekgoktrctos, tfo stumy ea tfo cgtnkh aergos ckm ankclly, tfo rosults e`tcnkom. ]fo nkkevctnvo prosoktom nk tfns tc`lo cro tfo trcksntnek zekos te wfngf tfns inkorcl ns su`jogt, cllewnkh c hroctor sopcrctnek ea tfo pcrtnglos, mogrocsnkh tfo geksuiptnek ea wctor, tnio ckm okorhy nk nts gekgoktrctnek muo te tfo sniplngnty ea gcrrynkh eut sovorcl pregossos nk ekly eko. Foro wo moanko tfo `ost pcrciotors aeukm te werd ek tfo ickuacgturom tc`lo, fewovor, cky vcrnctnek nk ocgf ea tfoi wnll ynolm vory mnaaorokt rosults, se, nt„ nt „s nipertckt te geksnmor tfct rnhereus gektrels cro roqunrom te e`tcnk tfo mosnrom rosults. ]fo moankntnek ea eporctnekcl pcrciotors nk tfo gekgoktrcter tc`lo ns c pregoss tfct roqunros c let ea e`sorvctnek, gekstckt suporvnsnek, c lcrho cieukt ea tosts ckm c tfereuhf ckclysns ea tfo rosults.

1

 

 

Nktremuggn÷k Ol use mo ioscs gekgoktrcmercs geie iîteme mo sopcrcgn÷k hrcvniîtrngc fc snme utnlnzcme mosmo lc cktnhüomcm, ovelugnekckme gekstcktoiokto gek ol ank mo guiplnr mnaoroktos e`jotnves geie sek gekgoktrcr iotclos mo mnaoroktos moksnmcmos, trc`cjcr gek mnvorscs hrckuleiotrécs mol inkorcl, earogor ukc icyer gcpcgnmcm mo clnioktcgn÷k, otg. Hrcgncs c temes ostes e`jotnves quo so fck porsohunme y quo gekjuktciokto so fc e`sorvcme ol cuiokte ok lc kogosnmcm mo iotclos, os quo so fck plcktocme mnaoroktos mnsoóes mo ioscs gekgoktrcmercs, osto trc`cje gntc y geipcrc mes mnsoóes mo ioscs gekgoktrcmercs quo sek Lc Iosc Xnlaloy y Lc Iosc @utgfcrt prosoktckme lc iemnangcgn÷k ok lc hoeiotréc y mnstrn`ugn÷k mo sus rnalos y per le tckte uk geipertcinokte mnkãinge mnstnkte mo lc pcrtégulc. Osto trc`cje tnoko geie e`jotnve prnkgnpcl lc roguporcgn÷k mo ere mnsoinkcme okgektrãkmeso ok ol ycgninokte gek ukc iuy `cjc loy, cl lehrcr lc roguporcgn÷k mol ere so clgckzcréc etre mo les e`jotnves mo osto trc`cje quo os earogor ukc cltorkctnvc ogek÷ingc y sokgnllc pcrc uk icyer clgckgo ok lcs geiuknmcmos gek osto rogurse kcturcl. Lc iosc quo so prosoktc ok osto trc`cje aukgnekc iogãkngciokto geie lcs ioscs prepuostcs cktorneriokto, snk oi`crhe, geie so fc`éc iokgnekcme, le nkkevcmer os lc gekanhurcgn÷k y hoeiotréc mo les rnalos, so plcktoc ukc iemnangcgn÷k ok olles gelegãkmeles ok lc icyer pcrto mol tc`lore pcrc csohurcr lc gektnkunmcm mol inkorcl pore cl insie tnoipe gek ukc lnhorc gurvcturc y gci`nes ok su mnroggn÷k pcrc grocr uk rcmne mo chntcgn÷k y e`tokor uk “lcvcme’ mol inkorcl inkorcl pumnîkmeso gekgoktrcr ere ok `cjc loy. Wn `nok ke os tck sokgnlle ol motorinkcr vcleros pcrc les mnaoroktos pcrãiotres mo lc iosc gekgoktrcmerc, osto mnsoóe auo okscycme gek mnvorses pcrãiotres gek lc ankclnmcm mo motorinkcr lcs iojeros gekmngnekos eporctnvcs mo lc insic, ostc sorno mo okscyes so roclnzcrek gek ol ank mo roguporcr lc icyer gcktnmcm mo ere mnsoinkcme y earogor uk trc`cje iugfe iãs sokgnlle pcrc quo ol quo lc utnlngo tokhc gekegninokte suangnokto ok su aukgnekcinokte.

8

 

 

Rlcktocinokte mol pre`loic: Ol inkorcl pcrc trc`cjcr ok osto ostumne gektnoko lc prosokgnc mo ere mnsoinkcme y cltes gektoknmes mo lnies, crgnllcs y goknzcs quo ke porintok ukc gerrogtc sopcrcgn÷k mo lcs pcrtégulcs, caogtckme ol pregose mo oxtrcggn÷k o nkgroioktckme ol geste mo `okoangnemo îsto.

Fnp÷tosns: Lc roguporcgn÷k mo ere mnsoinkcme ok ol inkorcl os pesn`lo iomnckto ol iîteme hrcvniîtrnge mo lc iosc Xnlaloy, snk oi`crhe, pcrc osto inkorcl ok ospogéange, gek clte gektoknme mo pcrtégulcs ankcs, so roqunoro mol use mo ukc iosc iemnangcmc ok lc hoeiotréc mo lc mnspesngn÷k mo les rnalos, pumnîkmeso sopcrcr les lnies y hckhc ok ukc aeric iãs oangnokto.

E`jotnves: 3) Gekstruggn Gekstruggn÷k ÷k mo ukc iosc gek zekcs mo iozglcme quo porintc sopcrcr lcs pcrtégulcs mo ere mo les lnies y hckhc, c pcrtnr mo lc mnaorokgnc mo moksnmcmos. 0) Suo lc iosc prepuostc soc ukc cltorkctnvc pcrc lc gekgoktrcgn÷k mo iotclos progneses per oiproscs quo ke guoktok gek oqunpes iuy iogcknzcmes.

6

   

 

GCRÉ]_LE N  CK]OGOMOK]OW ^ HOKOPCLNMCMOW HOKOPCLNMCMOW  Cktogomoktos

Ol ere fc snme uke mo les iotclos iãs progncmes c le lcrhe mo lc fnsternc per okgektrcrso ok aeric kctnvc y per sus prepnomcmos icloc`los y múgtnlos4 ol fei`ro fc okgektrcme mnvorses uses mo îsto ok ãrocs geie iomngnkc, corekãutngc, ologtr÷kngc, pore prnkgnpcliokto y mosmo tnoipes ckgostrclos, ok lc ac`rngcgn÷k mo jeyoréc mo`nme c su `rnlle, rosnstokgnc c lc gerresn÷k y icloc`nlnmcm geie yc so fc`éc iokgnekc cktos. Mo cguorme gek Icrsmok y Feuso (3>>7), so iuostrc ukc tc`lc gek les mctes fnst÷rnges iãs rolovcktos mo osto oloiokte. Aogfc 72?2 c.G. 0822 c. G.  3722 c. G. 3222 c. G. 3222 m. G. 3=22 m. G. 3??2 m. G. 31>7 m. G. 

Cgektogninokte Ohnpte utnlnzc ere pcrc lc ac`rngcgn÷k mo iekomcs Wo rohnstrck trc`cjes erkcioktclos gek osto oloiokte ok Iosepetcinc Nkngne mo oxtrcggn÷k mo ere ok mop÷sntes cluvnclos Mosgu`rninokte mo ciclhcicgn÷k gek iorgurne Lc Inkoréc mogco per lc gcémc mol niporne Hroge-Peicke Wo roteic ol pregose mo ciclhcicgn÷k y so mosgu`ro ol pregose rotertc Gelekncs geie Iîxnge, Wumãarngc, Gelei`nc, Rorú y @elnvnc rosultck sor iãs ctrcgtnvcs pcrc lc oxpletcgn÷k mo iotclos quo Ourepc nkgluse per le mnstckgnc Wo mosgu`rok lcs inkcs mo Horcns ok @rcsnl

3=22-3122 m. Oxpletcgn÷k mo Ere ok ol eosto mo Ãarngc, Gfnkc, Jcp÷k o Nkmnc G. 3867 m. G. Mosgu`rninokte mo lc selu`nlnmcm mol ere ok gnckure 38>2 m. G. Wo nkngnck trc`cjes mo cmsergn÷k mo ere per gcr`÷k 3618 m. G. 366> m. G. 3>2= m. G. 3>?0 m. G.

Pco (_._.W.W.C.C.) pctoktc uk pregose mo lnxnvncgn÷k mo ere y plctc gek gnckure. Gekstruggn÷k mo lcs prniorcs plcktcs mo gnckurcgn÷k Iorrnl prepeko lc utnlnzcgn÷k mo Zk pcrc lc prognpntcgn÷k mo ere Iojercinokte mol pregose per gcr`÷k y Ologtrewnkknkh

3>82 m. G. 3>6? m. G.

Rrniorc eporcgn÷k mo lnxnvncgn÷k per pnlcs ok _WC Rrniorc plcktc ke ãgnmc pcrc lc roguporcgn÷k mo ere

3>>2 m. G.

_tnlnzcgn÷k mo plcktc `ne-exnmcgn÷k pcrc teme ol pregose mo trctcinokte ]c`lc 3. Cgektogninoktes rolovcktos mol Cu

>

 

 

Wntne mo Ostumne Iukngnpne mo Luvnckes, Ostcme mo Iîxnge. Iukngnpne mo rognokto aericgn÷k, ornhnme mo 3>>= fcstc 0220, portokognokto gek cktornernmcm cl iukngnpne mo ]ojupnlge gek 06, 037 fc`ntcktos (NKOHN, 022>)4Les sorvngnes gek les quo guoktc sek ologtrnangcgn÷k, csnstokgnc iîmngc, prosc pcrc rnohe, cguomugte pcrc use meiîstnge, otg. Mo cguorme gek ol mnchk÷stnge ci`noktcl mol iukngnpne mo Luvnckes, Ostcme mo Iîxnge (0221) Luvnckes so legclnzc ok lc pcr to to sur mol ostcme, ok lcs geermokcmcs >6² ?7„=?’ (iéknic) >6²??½?2’ (iãxnic) lekhntum eosto y 3>²=7½77’  3>²=7½77’ (iéknic) 3>²71½=2’ (iãxnic) lctntum kerto, c ukc clturc mo 3,722 iotres se`ro ol knvol mol icr.

Anhurc 3. Gelnkmckgnc mo iukngnpnes (Mnchk÷stnge ci`noktcl, Wogrotcréc mo Iomne Ci`nokto 0221)

Fnmrehrcaéc:

Ol iukngnpne aeric pcrto mo lc guokgc mol Pée Gutzciclc quo c su voz portokogo c lc rohn÷k Fnmrel÷hngc mol Pée @clscs, Luvnckes guoktc gek rées, crreyes y ickcktnclos quo c`cstogok c les pe`lcmeros y c sus cgtnvnmcmos chrégelcs. Les rées iãs nipertcktos gek les quo guoktc sek ol rée ]oicsgcltopog (36Hc20), rée Rukhcrcgfe (36Hc27), rée @ojuges (36H`33), rée Gfnqunte (36H`20) y Pnkg÷k mol

32

 

  Hucyc`cl(36H`23)4 csé geie les rées sek mo gerrnokto porickokto, Luvnckes guoktc tci`nîk gek crreyes mo gcumcl porickokto geie Cgctntlãk, Ol Wclte, Wck Cktekne y Rcle Herme. (Wogrotcréc mol Iomne Ci`nokto, 0221)

Anhurc 0. Fnmrehrcaéc mol iukngnpne mo Luvnckes, Ome. Mo Iîxnge (Mnchk÷stnge ci`noktcl, Wogrotcréc mo Iomne  Ci`nokto, 0221)

Erehrcaéc:

Guoktc gek ukc erehrcaéc iuy c`ruptc portokognokto c lc Wnorrc Icmro mol Wur, lc Wnorrc mo Rorngekos quo tnoko ernhok ok ol iukngnpneso prelekhc fcstc ol Ruorte mo Wclntro mekmo so lovcktc lc Wnorrc mo Kckgfntntlc e Gnkcgcktlc, luhcr mekmo so okguoktrc ol pcrquo kcturcl mo rogrocgn÷k pepulcr llcicme gek ol insie kei`ro, uk ctrcgtnve turéstnge nipertckto mo`nme c lc acukc y alerc mol luhcr csé geie les pcnscjos quo earogo.Rer ol kerto y gek lc insic mnroggn÷k, mosprokmnîkmeso mo lc snorrc mo ]oicsgcltopog, pokotrc gek lc Wnorrc mo lc Gui`ro, ol Gorre mo Gcgcletopog, Ol Gcrmesckte, Juinltopog, Ol Arcnlo y Lc Pcyuolc4 fcy gcócmcs aerickme csé ol vcllo aîrtnl mekmo so okguoktrc ol pe`lcme mo Wck Icrték Luvnckes. Hoelehéc:

Mo cguorme c (Ierãk, 3>6?) lc zekc mo ostumne portokognokto c lc Wnorrc Icmro mol Wur, aeric pcrto mo ukc rohn÷k gek cltc geiplojnmcm ostrugturcl, gekstntunmc per calercinoktes mo soguokgncs iosezengcs tckte somnioktcrncs geie velgãknge-somnioktcrncs, ostcs zekcs c`crgck ol kereggnmokto mo Huorrore, ol eggnmokto mol ostcme mo Iîxnge y sur mo Ingfecgãk4 gekaerick calercinoktes vulgcke-somnioktcrne mol Jurãsnge y Grotãgnge prnkgnpcliokto iotcieraesocmes gu`nortes per regcs velgãkngcs y somnioktcrncs gektnkoktclos mol gokezenge. 33

 

  Ol Goktre Qelgãknge mo lc Wnorrc mo Kckgfntntlc u`ngcme cl kerto mo lc legclnmcm @ojuges y cl eosto mol iukngnpne mo ]ojupnlge quo so okguoktrc prognsciokto ok ol ãroc mo ostumne, os uk goktre

velgãknge

cnslcme

guye

`csciokte

ostã

geipuoste

per

ukc

soguokgnc

iotcvulgckesomnioktcrnc mo osqunste mo ]ojupnlge nktrusnekcme per uk `ctelnte y gu`norte per gekhleiorcmes y croknsgcs mo lc aericgn÷k Gutzciclc. Ostes gekhleiorcmes c su voz so okguoktrck gu`nortes ok hrck iomnmc mo lcvcs iãangcs, morrcios y ioscs mo lcvc, meies okm÷hokes o nhkni`rntcs gek osposer mo cprexnicmciokto 022 iotres nktrusnekcmcs per meies rnelétnges. Lcs regcs quo calerck ok ol goktre velgãknge mo lc Wnorrc mo Kckgfntntlc sek lcvcs ckmosétnge-`csãltngcs, ckmosétngcs-peraémngcs, mcgétngcs, rnelétngcs, regcs premugte mo alujes pnreglãstnges y guorpes fnpc`nsclos (Hekzãloz, 0228). Wohúk ol Rrektucrne mo nkaericgn÷k hoehrãangc iukngnpcl mo les Ostcmes _knmes Ioxngckes (NKOHN, 022>), ok ol iukngnpne mo Luvnckes, Ostcme mo Iîxnge, ol pergoktcjo potrehrãange os ol snhunokto: 

  Éhkoc oxtrusnvc: rnelntc-te`c ãgnmc (70.=1%), rnelntc (=.=>%), hrcknte (0.>6%), `csclte (0.8=%), te`c ãgnmc-`rogfc velgãkngc ãgnmc (3.3%), hrckemnerntc (2.>>%), `rogfc velgãkngc ãgnmc (2.?7%), te`c ãgnmc (2.=6%), `rogfc velgãkngc `ãsngc (2.08%) y mcgntcte`c ãgnmc (2.23%)   Iotci÷rangc: iotcvelgãkngc (0>.??%) y iotcsomnioktcrn iotcsomnioktcrnc c (0.2%)



  Womnioktcrnc: croknsgc-gekh croknsgc-gekhleiorcme leiorcme (00.2%)



LEGCLNMCM Gcpulnkos Ol Ioktnmore

GEEPM KCM08 _]I-V 7=8812 7=6822

GEEPM KCM08 _]I-^ 02>03>2 02>03>6

W_W]CKGNC Cu, Zk, W`, R` Cu, Zk, R`

Ol Ierre Wck Kngelãs Rcse mol @urre Ol Retrore Ol Retrore 3 Ol Lni÷k Lc fcgnokmntc @O-37 Lc geipuortc Wcktc Pesc 3 Ruorte mo lc Wesc Wcktc Pesc@O-38

=60>6 7?3202 7=0371 7=1230 7??>>6 7?8061 7?67>= 7??130 7?6288 7?07?2 7?6388

02>2==2 02686?2 02686=? 0260321 0263>28 028671= 028716= 0281821 02>831> 026?002 02>1>83

Zk, R`, Ch Ch, R`, Zk Gu, Ch Gu Gu Gu Gu, Cu Ao, Gu, R` Gu, Zk R`, Ch Gu, Ch

]c`lc 0. Legclnmcm mo inkorclos iotãlnges ok Luvnckes, Ome. Mo Iîxnge. (Mnchk÷stnge ci`noktcl, 0221)

30

 

  Lc Fcgnokmntc @O-37

Lc Fcgnokmntc so legclnzc ok lcs geermokcmcs _]I-V: 7?6,7>= y _]I-^: _]I- ^: 0„287,16= c =.?? di ok lékoc rogtc cl WO 73º mol Goktre mo Wclum Lcs Ckekcs, Cictopog. Lc Fcgnokmntc os uk ro`cjo c gnole c`norte moscrrellcme ok iotc-gclnzc y iotc-croknsgc mo lc uknmcm DcpcIGz-Icr, pcrc gertcr uk arcgturcinokte inkorclnzcme gek c`ukmckto iclcquntc hrckulcr, osgcsc gclgntc grnstclnzcmc y pnrntc mnsoinkcmc, y pergnekos gek c`ukmckto exnmcgn÷k. (Rnóonre, 0233).

Anhurc 7. Aetehrcaéc mol tcje ok lc legclnmcm Lc Fcgnokmntc, Luvnckes, Ome. mo Iîxnge

37

 

 

GCRÉ]_LE NN ICPGE ]O×PNGE Gekgoktrcgn÷k hrcvniîtrngc Huptc y ^ck (0231) iokgnekck quo aeric pcrto mo ukc mo lcs tîgkngcs iãs cktnhucs pcrc lc sopcrcgn÷k mo inkorclos, so groo quo lc sopcrcgn÷k mo ere mctc mo les 7222 c.G. mo`nme c osgrntes okgektrcmes per les ohnpgnes, snk oi`crhe, osto pregose so fc aericme snk prosokgnc mol sor fuicke yc quo, geie pregose kcturcl mo lc iotoernzcgn÷k mo lcs regcs y lc ln`orcgn÷k mo pcrtégulcs, les inkorclos vncjck per lcs gerrnoktos mo chuc hrcgncs c auortos lluvncs quo cgektogok.  Lc sopcrcgn÷k per hrcvomcm ostã `cscmc ok lc mnaorokgnc mo lcs volegnmcmos mo somnioktcgn÷k y su mnaorokgnc oktro moksnmcm y tcicóe4 ol îxnte os quo porintok ukc sopcrcgn÷k, pore icktoknîkmeso gorgc ukcs mo etrcs pcrc pemorso ievor gek rolcgn÷k y pemorso sopcrcr ok gcpcs mo pcrtégulcs mokscs y lnhorcs. Os nipertckto sc`or quo ke temes les inkorclos sek susgoptn`los c ostc sopcrcgn÷k y pcrc ose oxnsto uk grntorne mo gekgoktrcgn÷k quo iokgnekck Huptc y ^ck (0231) mo iugfc cyumc pcrc sc`or sn os e ke acgtn`lo su sopcrcgn÷k per gekgoktrcgn÷k hrcvniîtrngc:

∐ ∐

WH mo inko inkorc rcll moks moksee WH mol alu alunme nme   lnv lnvnck nckee WH mol alunme alunme

Grntorne mo Gekgoktrcgn÷k (GG): WH mol ink inkorc orcll

Mekmo WH snhknangc lc moksnmcm rolctnvc y ol alunme kericliokto os chuc e cnro.  C gektnkucgn÷k gektnkucgn÷k so iuostrck clhukes ojoiples mo osto Grntorne mo Gekgok Gekgoktrcgn÷k trcgn÷k mekmo so puomo vor quo inoktrcs ol vcler soc iãs clte sorã iãs cmogucmclc gekgoktrcgn÷k hrcvniîtrngc: Inkorcl Ere Ere Gcsntorntc Gcr`÷k Foictntc

Alunme Chuc Cnro Chuc Chuc Chuc

GG 32.7 1.6 7.? 7.= 0.?

]c`lc 7. Auokto: (Huptc y ^ck, 0231)

3=

 

  Grntorne mo Gekgoktrcgn÷k GGˇ0.? GGˇ 0.? 3.8?ˀ GGˀ0.?  GGˀ0.?  3.? ˀGGˀ3.8?  ˀGGˀ3.8?  3.0?ˀGGˀ3.?   3.0?ˀGGˀ3.? GGˀ3.0?   GGˀ3.0?

Resn`lo sopcrcgn÷k per hrcvomcm Aãgnl pcrc 8? ¿i Resn`lo pcrc 3?2¿i Resn`lo pcrc 3.8 ii Resn`lo pcrc 1.7? ii Nipesn`lo pcrc guclqunor tcicóe

]c`lc =.Auokto: (Huptc y ^ck, 0231)

Geie tîgkngcs pcrc lc gekgoktrcgn÷k hrcvniîtrngc iãs rolovcktos so okguoktrck:   Jnhs



  Ioscs gekgoktrcmercs

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  Gnglekos o fnmregngle fnmregnglekos kos



  Wopcrcmeros mo pcrtégulcs ankcs



Iosc gekgoktrcmerc: Lcs ioscs gekgoktrcmercs aerick pcrto mo lcs tîgkngcs pcrc lc gekgoktrcgn÷k hrcvniîtrngc iãs oangnoktos sohúk mnvorses cuteros, geksnsto ok sopcrcr lcs pcrtégulcs ok lc suporangno mo lc iosc iomnckto su scgumninokte lekhntumnkcl, y lc nkglnkcgn÷k mol tc`lore mo lc insic4 os c iokume, okgektrcr ioscs gek rnalos quo cyumck c lc somnioktcgn÷k mo lcs pcrtégulcs, ostes rnalos so okguoktrck ok ol iorgcme gek mnstnktes mnsoóes y `ãsngciokto sus mnaorokgncs ok mnsoóe rcmngck pcrc cyumcr c somnioktcr gnortes mnãiotres y moksnmcmos mo lcs pcrtégulcs.

Anhurc =.Wohrohcgn÷k mo pcrtégulcs mo`nme cl ievninokte fernzektcl. (Huptc y ^ck, 0231).

Gekaerio c (Xnlls, 3>66), sn so geksnmorc uk motorinkcme kúiore mo osaorcs remckme se`ro uk plcke nkglnkcme, lcs quo tokhck uk mnãiotre icyer vncjcrãk iãs rãpnme quo lcs quo tokhck uk mnãiotre ioker cukquo tokhck lc insic moksnmcm, sn tnokok ol insie mnãiotre, lc iãs lnhorc 3?

 

  vncjcrã iãs rãpnme4 csé quo, mo`nme cl ckãlnsns cktorner pcrc lc iosc gekgoktrcmerc os nipertckto gclgulcr ol tnoipe quo tcrmcrã lc pcrtégulc ok remcr fcstc ol ankcl mo lc iosc. Mo`nme c lcs pcrtngulcrnmcmos aésngcs mol inkorcl, lc clnioktcgn÷k quomcrã mnvnmnmc ok tros premugtes: 3) Rcrtégulcs hruoscs lnhorcs lcs guclos so ievorãk iãs rãpnme fcgnc ol ankcl mo lc iosc (gelcs) 0) Rcrtégulcs mo inkorcl lnhore, pcrtégulcs mo inkorcl mokse y pcrtégulcs mokscs quo ke so ln`orcrek mo lcs lnhorcs (iomnes) 7) Rcrtégulcs ankcs mokscs (gekgoktrcme) lcs guclos so iuovok loktciokto ok ol tc`lore Os iuy nipertckto iokgnekcr tci`nîk quo ok ol mnsoóe mo ukc iosc so tokhc ok guoktc quo sn ol ievninokte lctorcl quo so ojorgo se`ro ol inkorcl so cplngc sniîtrngciokto ok ci`cs mnroggnekos, gcmc pcrtégulc so ievorã gek ukc mnstckgnc nhucl y lc sopcrcgn÷k ok les rnalos ke so llovcrã c gc`e. Auorzcs c lcs quo os seiotnme ol inkorcl: Hcumnk (3>7>) oxplngc quo oxnstok tros auorzcs c lcs quo so vo seiotnmc ukc pcrtégulc ok ukc iosc gekgoktrcmerc y sek ol oipujo mo lc pcrtégulc mo`nme c lc hrcvomcm, ol rego oktro lcs pcrtégulcs y ankcliokto ol oipujo mol alunme. Oipujo mo lc pcrtégulc mo`nme c lc hrcvomcm:

ς

γ ∁-∁'h 

A3 9 = 7 r 7 sok

M÷kmo: r9 Pcmne preiomne mo lc pcrtégulc

∁‰ 9Moksnmcm rolctnvc mol alunme ∁9Moksnmcm rolctnvc mol inkorcl h9 Auorzc mo hrcvomcm

31

 

  Pego oktro lcs pcrtégulcs: A0 9

∐ =7 ςr7Ρges(∁-∁‰ )h

Ρ 9 geoangnokto mo arnggn÷k ostãtngc e geoangnokto mo arnggn÷k mnkãingc mopokmnokme sn sookguoktrc ok ievninokte

Oipujo mol alunme Os nipertckto pcrc ostc ogucgn÷k teicr ok guoktc quo lc rosnstokgnc cl ievninokte mo ukc pcrtégulc ostã ok aukgn÷k mo lc volegnmcm rolctnvc mol alunme y lc pcrtégulc, oktekgos pcrc e`tokor ol oipujo quo ojorgo ol alunme se`ro lc pcrtégulc sorã iomnckto lc suic mo temes les oloioktes quo lc caogtck y quo lc volegnmcm sorã mnaorokto mopokmnokme mo lc preaukmnmcm c lc quo so okguoktro, csé quo lc a÷riulc os lc snhunokto: A7 9

∐ >0 ςdΝ‰ hsokγr7 + 1ςdΝ‰ hsokγζr0 ∐ 1ς¿rv 

d9 geoangnokto mosnhkcme pcrc lcs pcrtégulcs ke osaîrngcs (iuy gorgcke c 3) v9 volegnmcm mo lc pcrtégulc rospogte c lc gu`nortc mo lc iosc Dolly y Wpettnsweem (3>>2) moankok gnortcs vcrnc`los ok lc iosc gekgoktrcmerc: Qcrnc`los mo mnsoóe:   Aeric mo lc iosc   Ictorncl mo lc suporangno mo lc iosc   Aeric mo les rnalos



 



  Rctr÷k mo mnstrn`ugn÷k mo les rnalos   Cgolorcgn÷k y moscgolorcgn÷k   Clnioktcgn÷k

 

Rrepnomcmos iogãkngcs:   Qolegnmcm mol ieter   ]cicóe mo lc peloc





Povelugnekos:   Cjusto mo lc gekoxn÷k crtngulcmc e vn`rcmer



Gektrelos mo eporcgn÷k: 38

 

         



 



Nkglnkcgn÷k mo lc iosc Moksnmcm mo lc pulpc mo clnioktcgn clnioktcgn÷k ÷k Chuc mo lcvcme Resngn÷k mo les pcrtnmeros mol premugte

(Dolly y Wpettnsweem, 3>>2)

Eporcgn÷k mo lcs ioscs gekgoktrcmercs: Lc vn`rcgn÷k so lehrc hrcgncs c uk iogcknsie quo fcgo hnrcr ukc `ckmc y osc `ckmc gekvnorto ol ievninokte retcterne ok uk ievninokte fernzektcl quo porinto ol scgumninokte lekhntumnkcl mo lc iosc. Mo`nme c lcs tcktcs vcrnc`los c lcs quo so vok sujotcs lcs ioscs gekgoktrcmercs, oxnstok ukc hrck gcktnmcm mo mnsoóes y iemnangcgnekos mnaoroktos pcrc clgckzcr mnvorses e`jotnves pcrc gcmc ukc, per le quo ok osto trc`cje so fc`lcrã sele mo lc iosc Xnlaloy y iosc @utgfcrt geie uk geipcrctnve ok su oangnokgnc pcrc uk inkorcl ok geiúk. Iosc Gekgoktrcmerc Xnlaloy (36>?-36>1) Iosc mnsoócmc pcrc lc gekgoktrcgn÷k mo inkorclos mo cltc moksnmcm, os uke mo les mnsoóes iãs utnlnzcmes ok lc nkmustrnc mo`nme c su cltc oangnokgnc. Geksnsto ok uk tc`lore (hokorcliokto rogtckhulcr) nkglnkcme trcksvorscliokto rogu`norte mo gcugfe e icmorc se`ro ukc `cso mo icmorc e iotãlngc, os ok lc pcrto suporner morogfc mol tc`lore mekmo lc iosc os clnioktcmc gek inkorcl4 ok lc pcrto suporner mol tc`lore, ol chuc pcrc ol lcvcme mo inkorclos mnstrn`unmc ok ol insie pcrc quo gek cyumc mo uk “scgumninokte lekhntumnkcl’ y rnalos gelegcmes ostrctîhngciokto ol inkorcl pemrã sor somnioktcme y glcsnangcme icyerntcrnciokto per su moksnmcm. Lc nipertckgnc mo quo ostî rogu`norte mo gcugfe os mo`nme c quo porinto ol gerrogte moslnzcinokte y lcvcme mo inkorcl.

36

 

 

Anhurc ?. Rregose mo gekgoktrcgn÷k ok iosc gekgoktrcmerc g ekgoktrcmerc Xnlaloy. (Huptc y ^ck, 0231)

Pnalos ]chhcrt (3>=?), oxpuse quo les rnalos sek tcges mo icmorc gek uk osposer mo ¹ pulhcmc cl nkngne mo lc clnioktcgn÷k quo vc mnsinkuyokme c iomnmc quo îstc so clojo mol snstoic mo scgumninokte, usucliokto, su ckgfe os mo ¼ mo pulhcmc. Ol ankcl mo les rnalos aeric ukc lékoc mnchekcl oktro olles, quo egupck clromomer mo 0/7 pcrtos mol tc`lore, mojckme snk rnalos 3/7 mol tc`lore, os kogoscrne mostcgcr quo os ol tnpe mo gekanhurcgn÷k mo iosc Xnlaloy iãs geiúk oxnstnokme etres tnpes mo gekanhurcgn÷k mo rnalos. Ojoiples mo mnspesngn÷k mo rnalos ok ioscs Xnlaloy:

Anhurc 1. Mnaoroktos gekanhurcgnekos mo rnalos ok ioscs Xnlaloy. X nlaloy. (]chhcrt, 3>=?)

3>

 

  Rrnkgnpnes cplngcmes ok lc iosc gekgoktrcmerc:

3) Lc clnioktcgn÷k mopokmorã mo lc moksnmcm mol inkorcl, mo su aeric y tcicóe. 0) Ol gerrogte ospcgncinokte oktro rnalos preievorã e acgnlntcrã lc ostrctna ostrctnangcgn÷k ngcgn÷k mo les inkorclos 7) Lc vn`rcgn÷k mo`o cuioktcr pege c pege ok mnroggn÷k cxncl c lc mosgcrhc =) Lc pergn÷k nkngncl mo lc iosc mo`o torinkcr gek suangnokto `rusquomcm pcrc preievor gnorte crrcstro mo lcs pcrtégulcs c lc zekc mo mosgcrhc ?) Ol pcre mo lc iosc mo`o sor hrcmucl romugnokme pege c pege y hoktnliokto lcs rovelugnekos 1) Les pcrãiotres mo lc iosc mo`ok sor olohnmes gek lc gerrogtc ciplntum y aroguokgnc 8) Les rnalos mo`ok sor mnsoócmes gek ukc motorinkcmc aeric y ospcgncmes pcrc preievor lc ostrctnangcgn÷k y provoknr quo ol gekgoktrcme so trcslcmo gek lc gerrnokto mo chuc fcstc lc zekc mo gelcs 6) Les rnalos mo`ok rotokor inkorcl, snk oi`crhe, os kogoscrne quo porintck ol ln`ro trcslcme mo pcrtégulcs y ostes ke snrvck geie ukc “pcrom’.  “pcrom’.  >) Lc rolcgn÷k oktro s÷lnme-léqunm s÷lnme-léqunme e mo`o icktokorso ostc`lo. 32) Os kogoscrne ostc`logor y icktokor uk ãkhule mo nkglnkcgn÷k mo lc iosc (Xnlls, 3>66)

Qoktcjcs:   Cltciokto sologtnvc, iemnangc`lo sn so utnlnzc gerrogtci gerrogtciokto okto



  Ruomo ostcr sujotc c iugfcs iemnangcgn iemnangcgnekos ekos

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Mosvoktcjcs:   @cjc gcpcgnmcm, Poqunoro mo ukc hrck ãroc

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  Poqunoro suporvnsn÷k gekstckto y cjusto

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  Lc clnioktcgn÷k tnoko quo sor gunmcmesciokto gclgulcmc.



Iosc gekgoktrcmerc @utgfcrt (3>3=)

Îstc os iuy sninlcr c lc iosc Xnlaloy c mnaorokgnc mo quo guoktc gek etrc mnspesngn÷k ok ol mnsoóe mo rnalos, teme ol tc`lore so okguoktrc gek rnalos, snk oi`crhe, oxnsto ukc zekc gek rnalos mnchekclos quo porintok uk icyer “lcvcme’ mol inkorcl. inkorcl . Ol tc`lore mo lc iosc ostã mnvnmnme ok tros zekcs. 02

 

  3) Zekc mo ostrctnangcgn÷k: Mekmo les rnalos tnokok icyer preaukmnmcm quo porinto lc ostrctnangcgn÷k ostrctnangcgn÷ k mol inkorcl. 0) Zekc mo lcvcme mekmo ostã nkglnkcme fcgnc lc zzekc ekc mo clnioktcgn÷k (îstc mosvncgn÷k ok gei`nkcgn÷k gek lc nkglnkcgn÷k mo lc iosc premugo ukc gerrnokto ok les rnalos quo aluyo ok mnroggn÷k nkvorsc c cquollc ok lc quo ol ictorncl so iuovo per ol nipulse mol iogcknsie) 7) Zekc mo mosgcrhc: Kericliokto ostc zekc ok ol tc`lore so okguoktrc snk rnalos, snk oi`crhe, ok ostc iosc temc ol ãroc tnoko rnalos pcrc csohurcr lc rãpnmc y oangcz mosgcrhc mo gekgoktrcme.

03

 

 

Anhurc 8. Iosc gekgoktrcmerc @utgfcrt. (Pngfcrms y Legdo, 3>=2)

Eporcgn÷k: Pngfcrms y Legdo (3>=2), nkmngck quo ukc voz quo so cmngnekc ol inkorcl y geinokzc c tokor gektcgte gek ol chuc ok lc zekc mo clnioktcgn÷k, ol inkorcl os lcvcme mo rnalo c rnalo, les rnalos iãs rnges ok inkorcl gekgoktrcme sek les prniores 3? yc quo geinokzck c okrnquogorso gek gekgoktrcme somnioktcme y ol roste mol gekgoktrcme so quomc ok ol rnalo pestorner. Ol e`jotnve os roguporcr lc icyer gcktnmcm mo gekgoktrcme y ol gekgoktrcme quo ke so somnioktc ok les rnalos sorã ctrcpcme cl aekme mo lc iosc. 00

 

  Oaogtes mo les rnalos mnchekclos: Mo`nme c osto mnsoóe ok ol ãroc mo lcvcme so mngo quo so premugo ukc “scgumnmc lctorcl’ sninlcr cl rosultcme mo uk vckkor ok ol quo so mc ukc ostrctnangcgn÷k y lnipnozc ok ol rnalo iãs oangcz (so oxplngcrã iãs cmolckto ol oaogte mo uk Qckkor).

Qoktcjcs mo lc iosc @utgfcrt: 3) Lc glcsnangcgn÷k per hrckuleiotr hrckuleiotréc éc ke os geiplotciokt geiplotciokto o kogoscrnc pore sé `ãsngc pcrc ol gerrogte aukgnekcinokte mo lc iosc gekgoktrcmerc, sorã kogoscrne rotnrcr les lnies (;3?2 icllcs) 0) Lc gcpcgnmcm mo ostc iosc os icyer, geiúkiokto so lo puomo clnioktcr mo 322-022 tekolcmcs per iosc cl méc. 7) Ol ictorncl quo os geksnmorcme pcrc lc clnioktcgn÷k mol Jnh puomo sor utnlnzcme pcrc ostc iosc. =) Lc roguporcgn÷k mo gekgoktrcme os icyer quo lc iosc Xnlal Xnlaloy. oy.

Gnkoiãtngc y mnkãingc mo lc pcrtégulc Ol iemole c gektnkucgn÷k oxpeko lc trcyogternc mo lcs pcrtégulcs ok lc iosc, lc trcyogternc os ol rosultcme mo lcs auorzcs vogternclos ok ievninokte c trcvîs mo les plckes x,y,z4 os nipertckto geksnmorcr îstc últnic pcrto yc quo gcmc pcrtégulc cl gfegcr gektrc uk rnalo prosoktc uk ievninokte mo gcsgcmc soiojckto cl quo so okguoktrc ok les ielnkes, per le gucl, ol crrcstro gek ol aluje mo chuc mopokmorã tci`nîk mo lc pesngn÷k mo lc pcrtégulc ok ol ojo y, oste os quo mo cguorme c lc loy mo Wtedos so tnoko uk csoktcinokte mnaorokgncl mo`nme c lc moksnmcm mo lcs pcrtégulcs prosoktos y cl iomne quo ok osto gcse os chuc. Ok uk ieiokte mcme os mosprognc`lo ol geoangnokto mo arnggn÷k gek lc suporangno y ol rnalo per le quo os cplngcme uk iemole mo tnre pcrc`÷lnge quo kes mosgrn`o lc trcyogternc mo lc pcrtégulc ok ol plcke gcrtosncke.

 Cgolorcgn÷k nkstcktãk  Cgolorcgn÷k nkstcktãkoc: oc: Os lc cgolorcgn÷ cgolorcgn÷k k quo so teic ok uk pukte ospogéange yc quo lc cgolorcgn÷k ke os gekstckto y puomo vcrncr, so puomo nmoktnangcr hrãangciokto geie lc 07

 

  pokmnokto mo lc hrãangc volegnmcm rospogte cl tnoipe e geie lc sohukmc mornvcmc rospogte cl tnoipe: mvx m mx m0 x cx 9 9 9 0  mt  mt  mt  mt 

 

Qolegnmcm iomnc mo ukc pcrtégulc gek cgolorcgn÷k gekstckto: 3 v 9 (vxn 0



∐ vxa ) 

Resngn÷k mo ukc pcrtégulc ok aukgn÷k mo lc volegnmcm y tnoipe gek cgolorcgn÷k gekstckto V a  9 xn +

3 v + vxa  t   0 xn





Resngn÷k geie aukgn÷k mol tnoipe ok ol ievninokte rogtnlékoe uknaerio (gek cgolorcgn÷k gekstckto): 3 Va  9 xn+ vxn t + cx t 0   0

Qolegnmcm geie aukgn÷k mo lc pesngn÷k:

∐

vxa 0 9 vxn 0 + 0cx (xa  xn ) 

]nre pcrc`÷lnge

Anhurc 6. Geipekoktos mo les vogteros ok ol tnre pcrc`÷lnge

0=

 

  Resngn÷k ok aukgn÷k mol tnoipe:



ζn t  

xa  9 xn + vxn t 9 vn ges



ζn t ∐ 30 ht 0 

ya  9 yn + vyn t 9 vn ges

Qolegnmcm ok aukgn÷k mol tnoipe

ζ vya  9 vyn ∐ h t 9 vn gesζn ∐ ht   vxa  9 vxn 9 vn ges n  

Oxprosn÷k vogterncl pcrc lc pesngn÷k

Anhurc >. Resngn÷k vogterncl ok tnre pcrc`÷lnge

ra 9 rn + vn t + 30 ct 0   Ogucgn÷k mo mnstckgnc “r’:  “r’: 

ζ

vn0 sok(0 n ) r9   h (Worwcy y Jowott, 0226)

Ok ol cóe mo 3>7>, Hcumnk roclnz÷ ukc rogepnlcgn÷k mo lcs a÷riulcs kogoscrncs pcrc geiprokmor ol ievnokte mo pcrtégulcs ok uk alunme ok les iîtemes so sopcrcgn÷k hrcvniîtrngc, lcs a÷riulcs quo c gektnkucgn÷k so prosoktck sek lcs iãs rolovcktos pcrc oktokmor lc mnkãingc mo lc pcrtégulc ok lcs ioscs gekgoktrcmercs.

0?

 

 

Loy mo Wtedos y su rosnstokgnc cl ievninokte Gekegnmc geie ogucgn÷k mo lc somnioktcgn÷k y kes mc ol vcler mo lc volegnmcm torinkcl mo



somnioktcgn÷k mo osaorcs poquoócs (082-72 ) ok aukgn÷k mol rcmne mo lc pcrtégulc, su moksnmcm y lc vnsgesnmcm mol alunme (geiúkiokto cnro e chuc) 0

∁ ∐ μ∁‰ r h  P 9 1ςμrv 

vt  9 0 >

M÷kmo: vt  9 Qolegnmcm torinkcl

∁‰ 9 Moksnmcm rolctnvc mol alunme h9 Cgolorcgn÷k mo lc hrcvomcm

μ 9 Qnsgesnmcm mol alunme r 9 Pcmne mo lc osaorc P 9 Posnstokgnc cl ievninokte

∁9 Moksnmcm rolctnvc mol inkorcl v9 Qolegnmcm (]eme oxproscme ok uknmcmos g.h.s.) Hcumnk (3>7>) iokgnekc quo lc volegnmcm quo so puomo gclgulcr gek iîtemes kuiîrnges ke os oxcgtc kn nhucl pcrc teme ol alunme yc quo lc arnggn÷k quo ojorgo ol cnro se`ro lc suporangno fcgo quo lc volegnmcm mnsinkuyc, per le quo so puomo mognr quo, lc volegnmcm ke os tetcliokto uknaerio ok teme ol osposer mo lc gcpc mol chuc y os ol prnkgnpcl aukmciokte mo quo ol aluje ok lc iosc os lcinkcr. Mo`nme c le cktorner, pcrc gclgulcr lc volegnmcm mo uk alunme so teicrã ukc mnstckgnc mol osposer mol alunme ioker cl rocl pcrc pemor tokor uk vcler iãs gortore (y), ostc volegnmcm os per supuoste ukc volegnmcm torinkcl clgckzcmc mospuîs mo quo lc polégulc fc clgckzcme ukc cgolorcgn÷k gekstckto: 01

 

 

Anhurc 32. Qolegnmcm mo uk alunme ok uk aluje lcinkcr

‰ hsokγ ∁ ‰ 0ζ ∐ yy  v 9

μ

0

M÷kmo:

∁‰ 9 Moksnm Moksnmcm cm rolct rolctnvc nvc  h9 Cgolorcgn÷k mo lc hrcvomcm

μ 9 Qnsgegn Qnsgegnmcm mcm m mol ol alu alunme nme  γ 9 Ãkhule mol alunme rospogte c lc fernzektcl ζ 9 Ospose Osposerr m mol ol al alunme unme  y9 Mnstckgnc ok lc preaukmnmcm mol alunme 08

 

  v„9 Qolegnmcm mo cguorme gek ol osposer mol alunme Acgter mo somnioktcgn÷k mo cguorme c su aeric gek lc insic moksnmcm, insie tcicóe pore mnaorokto aeric: Qt Rcrtngulc   Qt osaorc Qt 9 Qole olegnmc gnmcm m tor torink inkcl cl 

Qeluiok mo alunme per uknmcm mo tnoipe:

‰ hsok ∙ ∁ ζ7  X9 7μ Osposer mol alunme ok lc iosc: 9

μ

(7 )(X)

3/7

 

ζ  ∁‰ hsokγ 

 Cgolorcgn÷k  Cgolorcgn÷ k mo lc pc pcrtégulc: rtégulc: Rcrc pemor e`tokor lc cgolorcgn÷k c lc quo ostcrã sujotc lc pcrtégulc ok ukc iosc gekgoktrcmerc sorã kogoscrne teicr ok guoktc temcs lcs auorzcs quo so ojorgok se`ro ollc, pcrc olle so roclnzcrã ukc suic mo lcs auorzcs gntcmcs cktorneriokto (

3,0   7 ) c le lcrhe mo teme ol

plcke nkglnkcme (tc`lore mo lc iosc), sniplnangckme lc ogucgn÷k so tnoko: mv 9 mt 

∁ ∐ ∁‰ h sokγ ∐ Ρgesγ ∐ > μd v + > d Ν‰ hsokγ ζ ∐ 08 d Ν‰ hsokγ  r 6 Ν ∁ 0 Νr 0 0 Ν

Rokmnokto grétngc mo`cje mo lc gucl ke so premugo ol moslnzcinokte: Mo cguorme c lc ogucgn÷k cktorner lc cgolorcgn÷k mo lc pcrtégulc ok ukc iosc gekgoktrcmerc os lc suic mo lcs tros auorzcs quo so ojorgok se`ro ollc pore sn ok osc insic ogucgn÷k so geksnmorc quo

 9 2 ,  9 2, 

mospojckme

  so puomo motorinkcr ol ãkhule grétnge quo so

oktnokmo geie ol ãkhule iéknie pcrc quo lc pcrtégulc puomc somnioktcrso:

06

 

 

γgrnt  9

get 

> d 0

Ν ‰ ζ ∐ 08 d Ν ‰ + 3 Ν∐Ν ‰ r 6 Ν∐Ν ‰  

Ρs

Lc rolcgn÷k oktro lc hrcvomcm ospogéangc mol s÷lnme, su tcicóe, ol geoangnokto mo arnggn÷k oktro ol s÷lnme y ol tc`lore mo lc iosc, y ol osposer mo lc polégulc mo chuc ke sorã le úknge quo caogto c ostc a÷riulc mol ãkhule grétnge, îsto tokmrã quo cuioktcr e mnsinkunr lc volegnmcm mo aluje mo alunme, gek mnsinkugn÷k mol osposer mo lc polégulc, gek cuiokte ok ol tcicóe mo pcrtégulc, gek cuiokte ok lc hrcvomcm ospogéangc, otg.

Rrnkgnpne mo Qckkor Ol e`jotnve mol Qckkor os grocr uk rcmne mo chntcgn÷k, lcs gelcs gektnokok pcrtégulcs iuy ankcs mo gekgoktrcme gek cltc moksnmcm quo gek cyumc mo lc chntcgn÷k lehrc somnioktcrlcs4 ok ol ln`re mo les cuteros Pngfcrms, P. y Legdo iokgnekck quo ol rcmne mo chntcgn÷k os ukc rolcgn÷k oktro ol mnãiotre mo les inkorclos poscmes y lnhores,iestrckme ol snhunoktoojoiple: Ok ukc sorno mo pruo`cs gek gekgoktrcme mo gucrze y hclokc so e`tuvnorek gek icyer aroguokgnc les snhunoktos rcmnes mo chntcgn÷k (hclokc c gucrze):

Gekgoktrcme

3.>?:3

Iomnes

7.2>:3

Gelcs

3:3.>?

PRI mol ieter: Rcrc pemor gclgulcr lcs rovelugnekos per inkute mo uk ieter os kogoscrne gclgulcr ol terquo quo os lc auorzc quo ol ieter cplngc c uk ojo pcrc fcgorle hnrcr y les gc`clles mo auorzc mo îsto.

∘ PRI PR I 9 FR ∘  ?0?0 / ]  ] 9 ((ll` at)

0>

 

 

GCRÉ]_LE NNN

MOWCPPELLE OVROPNIOK]CL. Gcrcgtornzcgn÷k mol inkorcl, ckãlnsns hrckuleiîtrnge, trnturcgn÷k y ielnokmc

Ol ictorncl y oqunpe oiplocme ok osto trc`cje auo:   Inkorcl mol sntne mo ostumne





  ]rnturcmer ]rnturcmerc c mo qunjcmcs icrgc Mokvor   Ielnke mo @elcs



  Pe]cp



  @clckzc ologtr÷kngc



  Gucrtocmer mo geke



  Wot mo Grn`cs



  Rlcgc mo pelngcr`ekcte



  Icmorc



  @cso mo ieter y iosc





  Ingresgepne   Ostuac



  ]rcipcs pcrc inkorcl



  Wnstoic mo anltrcgn anltrcgn÷k ÷k cl vcgée



  Rcpol anltre



72

 

 

Gcrcgtornzcgn÷k mol inkorcl

Gcrcgtornzcgn÷k aésngc mol inkorcl

Rrepnomcmos quéingcs mol inkorcl

Kei`ro mo lc regc: ]e`c rnelétngc

Clte ékmngo mo exnmcgn÷k

Moksnmcm: Moksn mcm: 3.>= h/gi

Wnk rocgtnvnmcm rocgtnvnmcm cl ãgnme

Geler: Icrr÷k glcre, egro

Aericgn÷k mo suspoksnekos

Pcyc: egro Murozc: 0 (mo`nme c ukc cltorcgn÷k) ]oxturc: Grnstclnkc cackétngc Inkorclos nmoktnangcmes: Rnrelusntc, Jcresntc, Foictntc, Gucrze, Aolmospctes Retãsnges, Rnrntc, oktro etres. ]C@LC ?. Gcrcgtoréstngcs aésngcs y quéingcs mol inkorcl

 Ckãlnsns hrckuleiîtrnge hrckuleiîtrnge

Lcs iuostrcs mo llohcmc auorek mnvnmnmcs ok mes pcrtos, ukc so hucrm÷ geie tostnhe y so pregomn÷ c trc`cjcr ok lc etrc. Cktos mo roclnzcr ol ckãlnsns hrckuleiîtrnge so llov÷ c gc`e lc feiehokonzcgn÷k y gucrtoe mol inkorcl per ol iîteme mo geke-gucrtoe (anhurc 33 y 33.3), pestorneriokto so grn`÷ ol inkorcl ok uk sot mo grn`cs gek ukc prehrosn÷k hoeiîtrngc mo

 0 pcrc gekegor su hrckuleiotréc nkngncl. Keiokglcturc mo lc iuostrc: Kúiore:212=38 ,Lvk, L^ C-323

73

 

 

Anhurc 33. Feiehokonzcme y gucrtoe mol inkorcl oiplockme ol iîteme mo geke-gucrtoe.

Anhurc 33.3. Wopcrcgn÷k mo gucrtes pcrc tokor ukc iuostrc roprosoktctnvc

_kc voz quo so e`tuve ukc iuostrc roprosoktctnvc mol iîteme mo geke-gucrtoe so sologgnekcrek uk gekjukte mo tcingos ok ermok mosgokmokto mo cguorme gek lc prehrosn÷k

 

hoeiîtrngc mo 0 geie so nkmng÷ cktorneriokto. Os nipertckto iokgnekcr quo so utnlnzcrek les tcingos quo iãs so csoiojc`ck cl rosultcme mo lcs prehrosnekos mo`nme c lc mnspekn`nlnmcm gek les quo so gektc`ck. 70

 

 

Anhurcs 30 y 30.3 Ckãlnsns hrckuleiîtrnge

77

 

 

]c`lc 1. Hrckuleiotréc nkngncl mol inkorcl

7=

 

 

Gurvc mo rolcgn÷k %cg (-) y ¿i 302 322     )       (    g    c    %

62 12 =2 02 2 0,=8

0,8

0,>0

7,26

7,07

7,7?

7,76

7,=?

7,?0

¿i

7,18

7,8?

7,>0

=,3

=,0

=,06

=,1?

Anhurc 37. Mnstrn`ugn÷k mol %cg (-) y ¿i mo lc gc`ozc mol inkorcl.

]rnturcgn÷k

Nktorpelcgn÷k pcrc e`tokor A62  Wo tei÷ cl ojo V geie lc geluikc mo Leh ]cicóe mo lc c`orturc preiomne (¿i)  mo lc tc`lc cktorner y cl ojo ^ geie Leh %Cg(-), per le quo:

 ∐ ^c  V^`` ∐ V^cc  

V 9 Vc + ^ Vc 9 =.0=  ^c 9 3.>0  V` 9 =.3?  ^` 9 3.66  ^ 9 leh62 9 3.>2 

Wustntuyokme: V 9 =.0= + (3.>2

∐ =.0=)  ∐ 3.>0)(=.3? 3.66 ∐ 3.>0

V9 =.3> V9 3? =66.31¿i 7?

 

 

Ke. mo icllc

]cicóe mo lc c`orturc (nk)

]cicóe mo lc c`orturc (¿i)

¹ 3/7 2.00 = 1 8 6 32 30 31

3/0 3/7 2.00 2.36? 2.373 2.333 2.2>78 2.211> 2.2113 2.2=1>

02 7? 82 322 022

2.2773 2.23>8 2.2338 2.22?> 2.220>

%Cg(+)

Leh ]cicóe mo lc c`orturc (¿i)

Icsc (hr)

% Potoknme

%Cg (-)

30822 6760 ??66 =1>>.22 7708.= 063>.= 078>.>6 31>>.01 3186.>= 33>3.01

36.82 8=.? =6.6 03.6 70.= 33.7 03.8 ?.6 33.3 >.3

1.73 0?.3? 31.=6 8.71 32.>= 7.63 8.77 3.>1 7.8? 7.28

322 >7.1> 16.?7 ?0.21 ==.82 77.81 0>.>? 00.10 02.11 31.>3

1.73 73.=8 =8.>= ??.72 11.0= 82.2? 88.76 8>.7= 67.2>

=.32 7.>0 7.8? 7.18 7.?0 7.=? 7.76 7.07 7.07 7.26

6=2.8= ?22.76 0>8.36 3?2 8?

32.= 7 >.1 ?.3 ?.1

7.?3 3.23 7.0= 3.80 3.6>

37.6= 32.77 >.70 1.26 =.71

61.31 6>.18 >2.16 >7.>0 >?.1=

0.>0 0.82 0.=8 0.36 3.66

Aekme

-8?

-2.220>

8.7

0.=1 322.22

0>1.02

0.=1

>8.?=

]c`lc 8. Ckãlnsns roprosoktctnve mo tcingos mol inkorcl ukc voz trnturcme

71

 

 

Gurvc mo rolcgn÷k %cg (-) y leh ¿i 302

322     )       (    e    n     m    o    i    e    r    p    g    c    %

62 12 =2 02 2 3,66

0,36

0,=8

0,8

0,>0

7,26

7,07

7,0=

7,76

7,=?

7,?0

7,18

7,8?

7,>0

=, 3

leh ¿i

Anhurc 3=. Mnstrn`ugn÷k %cg (-) y ¿i mospuîs mo lc trnturcgn÷k

Poclnzckme lc insic a÷riulc mo nktorpelcgn÷k cktorner so tnoko quo ol R62 mospuîs mo lc trnturcgn÷k os: Leh R629 7.>0 R629 6, 767.23 ¿i

Rcrãiotres mo lc trnturcgn÷k

Gcktnmcm

]noipe mo trnturcgn÷k (s)

38

Icsc trnturcmc (dh)

3.>7

Gcpcgnmcm mo trnturcgn÷k (]/f)

2.=3

A62 oktrcmc c lc trnturcmerc (¿i)

3? =66.31¿i

R62 sclnmc mo lc trnturcmerc (¿i)

6, 767.23 ¿i

]c`lc 6. Rcrãiotres mo trnturcgn÷k

78

 

  Ielnokmc

Wo utnlnzcrek lcs a÷riulcs mo Ospnkesc mo Lo÷k y L÷poz (3>6=), csé geie lcs moFuoze (3>>1) pcrc ostc`logor les pcrãiotres mo ielnokmc mo mekmo so e`tuvnorek les snhunoktos pcrãiotres Rcrãiotres mo lc ielnokmc A62 oktrcmc ielnke (¿i) R62 Wclnmc ielnke (¿i) Qolegnmcm grétngc (rpi) P] (A62/R62) Gcrhc mo `elcs (dh) X (moickmc mo eporcgn÷k ok Dwf/]) Xn (ékmngo mo trc`cje ok Dw) Mnãiotre mo tcicóe mo `elc (nk) Polcgn÷k chuc/inkorcl

6, 767.23 0>8.36 >0.73 3.6? 6.20 2.76 87.2? 7 0:3

]noipe mo ielnokmc (ink)

>

]c`lc >. Rcrãiotres mo ielnokmc 

_kc voz roclnzcmc lc ielnokmc so pregomn÷ c olninkcr lcs lcics prosoktos ok ol inkorcl, osto pregose geksuio clromomer mo =2-?2 lntres mo chuc per gcmc 2.? dh mo inkorcl, os uk mcte iuy nipertckto y quo roprosoktc uk hcste mo chuc geksnmorc`lo quo ke tnoko quî vor gek ukc se`ro ielnokmc snke gek lcs gcrcgtoréstngcs prepncs mol inkorcl, snk oi`crhe, geie yc so vorã iãs cmolckto ok ol moscrrelle mo lc iosc gekgoktrcmerc quo so prepeko os ukc cltorkctnvc tci`nîk pcrc olninkcr osto pregose quo puomo niplngcr cltes geksuies mo chuc y tnoipe ok ol pregose mo roievor lcics mol inkorcl.  C poscr mo ke sor uk cpcrcte iuy gortore mo`nme c sus rosultcmes iuy puktuclo puktuclos, s, so pruo`c ol inkorcl gek uk ckclnzcmer mo aluerosgokgnc mo rcyes V pertãtnl guye prnkgnpne rospekmo c lc mnarcggn÷k mo rcyes V, os ukc pruo`c iuy legcl y quo crrejc rosultcmes s÷le mo lc poquoóc ãroc mo logturc mol grnstcl mekmo so ointo ol rcye, snk oi`crhe, prepergnekc ukc nmoc mo les oloioktes quo so okguoktrck ok ol inkorcl cktngnpckme pesn`los ckeiclécs.

76

 

 

Gekgoktrcgnekos mo gc`ozc Mospuîs mol pregose mo ielnokmc so propcrcrek lcs iuostrcs pcrc ckclnzcrlcs per lc tîgkngc mol NGR, c gektnkucgn÷k, so prosoktck les rosultcmes quo so e`tuvnorek pcrc ere:

Iuostrc

Rose (h)

(ih Cu/dh mo iuostrc)

2.=0?

2.22222=8

 C-328

2.=3=?

KM

 C-333

2.=2=3

2.22222>3

 C-330

2.=266

KM

 C-307

2.=217

2.22222=>

 C-30=

2.=330

KM

 C-30?  C-301

2.=237 2.=020

KM KM

 C-306

2.=32=

2.22222=>

 C-372

2.=203

KM

 C-323

]c`lc 32. Gekgoktrcgnekos mo gc`ozc, mekmo KM snhknangc Ke Motogtcme

Anh. 3?. Posultcmes mol ckclnzcmer VPM pcrc iuostrc C-323 

Anh. 3?.3. Posultcmes mol ckclnzcmer VPM pcrc iuostrc C-306 

7>

 

 

Gekstruggn÷k mo iosc gekgoktrcmerc y gekanhurcgn÷k mo rnalos

Wo utnlnz÷ ukc `cso mo icmorc c lc gucl so lo roclnz÷ ukc lnipnozc preaukmc y sollcme mo fuoges y hrnotcs oiplockme rosckcmer y sollcmer, yc soge ol rosckcmer so knvol÷ le quo soréc ol tc`lore pcrc ankcliokto rogu`rnrle gek ukc gu`nortc mocgrélnge gertcme c lc iomnmc pcrc pretohor lc iosc mo les pesn`los oaogtes mo lc fuiomcm y earogor uk tc`lore ÷ptnie pcrc ol moslnzcinokte mo inkorcl. Csé insie, so ac`rngcrek les pcrtnmeros mo premugte y telvc pcrc inkorcl, teme ok cgrélnge. Restorneriokto, so nkstclcrek ok lc pcrto suporner mo lc iosc gekgoktrcmerc quo sorvnrã pcrc mnstrn`unr uknaerioiokto ol chuc y ol inkorcl lekhntumnkcliokto. Forrcinoktcs y ictornclos utnlnzcmes   Lnjcs pcrc icmorc



  Posckcmer pcrc icmorc



  Rnkturc cgrélngc geler kohre



  Cgrélnge kohre gek osposer mo > ii



  Rnjcs, ]erknlles, tuorgcs y rekmckcs



  ]fnkkor



  Cmogrnl (pohciokte pcrc cgrélnge)





  Wnorrc olîgtrngc   Lnjcmerc



  Rohciokte ?222



  Juohe mo moscricmeros



  ]clcmre y `regcs



  Qorknor



  Alox÷iotre



Ok lcs anhurcs 31y 31.3 so puomok e`sorvcr lcs gekmngnekos nkngnclos ok lcs quo so okgektr÷ lc icmorc, per sor mo roúse tokéc clhukes surges premugte mo lc fuiomcm, ÷xnme ok lcs lãinkcs mo cgore y clhukcs pnozcs quo yc ke peméck utnlnzcrso (icmorcs, glcves, pnjcs, gu`nortc mo vnknl):

=2

 

 

Anhurc 31. Icmorc mcócmc per fuiomcm

_kc voz quo so rotnrcrek lcs pcrtos nksorvn`los, so pregomn÷ c rosckcr, lnjcr y knvolcr lc iosc geie so iuostrc ok lc anhurc 31.3:

Anhurc 31.3. ]rc`cjes nkngnclos mo lc rostcurcgn÷k

Wo utnlnz÷ ukc fejc mo cgrélnge kohre gek osposer mo > ii pcrc rogu`rnr lc iosc gekgoktrcmerc, ac`rngcr les pcrtnmeros y telvc pcrc ol inkorcl:

=3

 

 

Anhurc 38. Oksci`lo mo cgrélnges

Ac`rngcgn÷k mo telvc pcrc inkorcl y pcrtnmer.

Anhurc 38.3. ]elvc

=0

 

 

Anhurc 38.0. Rcrtnmer mo cgrélnge

_kc voz anjcmes les cgrélnges, so cterknllcrek les pcrtnmeros

Anhurc 38.7 Gekstruggn÷k mo iosc gekgoktrcmerc

=7

 

  Qnstc prolninkcr mo lc iosc gekgoktrcmerc yc torinkcmc:

Anhurc 38.=. Iosc nkstclcmc

Mnioksnekos mo lc iosc gekgoktrcmerc  Ãroc9 2.==? 2.==? i0 

Anhurc 38.? Mnioksnekos ankclos mo iosc gekgoktrcmerc

==

 

 

Gekanhurcgn÷k mo les rnalos

Rcrc lc gekanhurcgn÷k mo les rnalos so teicrek ok guoktc mnaoroktos cspogtes, os kogoscrne tokor ok glcre quo lc gekstruggn÷k mo lc iosc os pcrc pemor e`tokor ukc icyer gekgoktrcgn÷k mo ere rospogte c ukc iosc gekgoktrcmerc gekvokgnekcl, per le quo, lcs gcrcgtoréstngcs aésngcs tokmrãk uk pcpol aukmcioktcl ok lc sologgn÷k mo sus oloioktes. Wohúk les rosultcmes e`toknmes ok lc gcrcgtornzcgn÷k mol inkorcl, les rnalos quo so mnsoócrek tnokok geie ankclnmcm lehrcr lc somnioktcgn÷k mo pcrtégulcs ankcs prnkgnpcliokto. Mo cguorme gek ]chhcrt (3>=?), lcs ioscs gek ukc mnspesngn÷k mo rnalos ok teme su tc`lore (hokorcliokto preaukmes) sek mo hrck cyumc pcrc trctcr hrckmos tekolcmcs mo inkorcl anke gek inkorcl hruose gek ukc loy iuy `cjc, mekmo ol inkorcl quo so `usgc gekgoktrcr so okguoktrc rohulcriokto ok ol inkorcl anke. Mo`nme c ostc canricgn÷k so justnangc lc gekanhurcgn÷k mo rnalos ok teme ol tc`lore, cmoiãs, so `usgc csohurcr lc gektnkunmcm mo gekgoktrcme murckto teme ol tc`lore.

Wo plckto÷ lc snhunokto gekanhurcgn÷k: Ol tc`lore so mnvnmn÷ ok mes pcrtos trcksvorscliokto pcrc lc glcsnangcgn÷k mo gelcs, pcrtégulcs mokscs y lnhorcs (iomnes), y pcrtégulcs mokscs (gekgoktrcme) mokeinkcmcs geie ãroc C y ãroc @. ^c quo ol tc`lore so mnvnmn÷ ok mes pcrtos nhuclos,so gelegcrek ukc sornomo rnalos rogtes pcrcloles y etrc mo gurves oqunmnstcktos lekhntumnkcliokto moktre mo temc ol ãroc C y ãroc @ y gek sopcrcgnekos mo 0 gi y 7 gi rospogtnvciokto.

Wo groo quo lc gurvcturc mo les rnalos prepergnekcrã ukc ln`orcgn÷k icyer mo pcrtégulcs mol roste mo inkorcl lehrckme ukc icyer somnioktcgn÷k ok les rnalos. Lcs mnioksnekos mo gcmc rnalo csé sock rogtes e gurves sek mo ckgfe y clte mo = ii gek lcrhes mnaoroktos.

Ac`rngcgn÷k mo rnalos =?

 

  Wo ac`rngcrek rnalos mo icmorc mo pnke prevnsnekclos yc quo per su acgnlnmcm mo olc`ercgn÷k rosultcrek sor ol ictorncl iãs vorsãtnl porintnokme lc iemnangcgn÷k ok olles murckto lcs pruo`cs mo lc`ercterne4 pcrc ovntcr quo so cltorok sus prepnomcmos murckto lcs pruo`cs, so los cmngnek÷ sollcmer y pnkturc `lckgcy pemor sor pohcmes cl tc`lore.

=1

 

  Anhurc 36 y 36.3 Olc`ercgn÷k mo Pnalos

Anhurc 3> y 3>.3 Gelegcgn÷k mo rnalos ok ol tc`lore

=8

 

 

GCRÉ]_LE NQ

POW_L]CMEW OK LC IOWC GEKGOK]PCMEPC GEKGOK]PCMEPC _kc voz quo lc iosc auo iektcmc, so roclnzcrek mnvorscs pruo`cs ok lc iosc gekgoktrcmerc gek lc ankclnmcm mo e`tokor mnaoroktos vcrnc`los quo sek lc iojer hoeiotréc y mnspesngn÷k mo les rnalos, motorinkcr lc gerrogtc hrckuleiotréc, lc nkglnkcgn÷k iãs cprepncmc, lcs rovelugnekos per inkute, clnioktcgn÷k y ol aluje mo chuc. Lcs prniorcs pruo`cs quo so roclnzcrek tuvnorek geie e`jote vnsuclnzcr quo so oaogtucrc ukc mnstrn`ugn÷k ok lc iosc gekstrunmc per le quo prniorciokto so teicrek iuostrcs mo crokc mo icr mol ostcme mo @cjc Gclnaerknc Wur, ostcs iuostrcs rosultcrek sor ostrctîhngcs per su acgnlnmcm pcrc e`sorvcr quo so glcsnangck per mnaorokgnc mo moksnmcmos, snk oi`crhe, ke os lc iuostrc quo so `usgc glcsnangcr, per le quo, ukc voz quo so e`sorvcrek ostcs iuostrcs mo crokc glcsnangcmcsper geler ok lc iosc ac`rngcmc (ol geler ok osto gcse rosultc sor ol nkmngcmer mo quo so glcsnangc per mnaorokgnc mo moksnmcmos) so mognmn÷ glcsnangcr gek iuostrcs propcrcmcs mol inkorcl mo nktorîs. _k mcte iuy nipertckto y grugncl quo so e`sorv÷ murckto lc `úsquomc mo lcs vcrnc`los ÷ptnics mo trc`cje mo lc iosc os quo sn so gelegc mnrogtciokto inkorcl snk moslcicr, îsto so sopcrcrã mo lcs lcics mojckme lcs pcrtégulcs ankcs ok les rnalos rogtes inoktrcs quo ol gekgoktrcme y les iomnes so sopcrcrãk ok les rnalos gurves, osto rosultcme os motorinkckto pcrc ol cferre ok ol geksuie mo chuc y tnoipe pcrc ol pregose, c gektnkucgn÷k so prosoktc ukc aetehrcaéc mo pcrtégulcs ankcs ok les rnalos rogtes:

=6

 

 

Anhurc 02. Rcrtégulcs somnioktcmcs ok rnalos rogtes

Rcrc moanknr les pcrãiotres mo trc`cje mo lc iosc gekgoktrcmerc so roclnzcrek mnaoroktos pruo`cs ok mekmo so auo vcrncme mo uke ok uke les pcrãiotres, ol ermok auo ol snhunokto: 3) Ãkhule mo nkglnkcgn÷k 0) Povelugnekos per inkute 7) Aluje mo chuc =) Clnioktcgn÷k ?) Ãkhule mo nkglnkcgn÷k mo mekmo so okguoktrc ol ieter fcgnc lc zekc mo mosgcrhc mo gekgoktrcme Ok lc snhunokto tc`lc so prosoktck clhukcs mo lcs pruo`cs quo so roclnzck ok lc iosc: Ol méc 37 mo jukne mol 0236 so geiokz÷ c roclnzcr lcs pruo`cs y so trc`cj÷ mo lc snhunokto ickorc Rrniorc pruo`c Iuostrc Crokc mo icr

Wohukmc Rruo`c Iuostrc C-323 Luvnckes

Moksnmcm Moksnmc m  Clnioktcgn÷k PRI Nkglnkcgn÷k mo lc iosc

0.3= 0.3= h/ gi 322 hr =22 -0²

Moksnm Moksnmcm cm Clnioktcgn÷k PRI Nkglnkcgn÷k mo lc iosc

Aluje ?2% (>.=? l/i) ]orgorc pruo`c  C-323 Iuostrc Luvnckes Moksnmc Mok snmcm m 3.>= 3.>= h/gi h/gi

Aluje

3.>= 3.>= h/gi h/gi 322 hr =22 -0²

?2% (>.=? l/i) Gucrtc pruo`c

Iuostrc

C-323 Luvnckes

Moksnm Moksnmcm cm

3.>= 3.>= h/gi h/gi

=>

 

   Clnioktcgn÷k PRI Nkglnkcgn÷k mo lc iosc Aluje

322 hr =22 -7² ?2% (>.=? l/i)

Clnioktcgn÷k PRI Nkglnkcgn÷k mo lc iosc Aluje

322 hr =22 -=² ?2% (>.=? l/i)

3?/jukne/0236 _kc voz quo so moankn÷ ol ãkhule so gektnkuc gek pruo`cs mo vcrncgn÷k mo rovelugnekos per inkute Rrniorc pruo`c Iuostrc Moksnmcm  Clnioktcgn÷k PRI Nkglnkcgn÷k mo lc iosc

Wohukmc Rruo`c

 C-323 Luvnckes 3.>= h/gi7  322 hr =?2 -7²

Aluje

?2% (>.=? l/i)

]orgorc pruo`c Iuostrc

C-323 Luvnckes 3.>= h/gi7  322 hr

Moksnmcm  Clnioktcgn÷k PRI Nkglnkcgn÷k mo lc iosc Aluje

??2 -7² ?2% (>.=? l/i)

Iuostrc Moksnmcm Clnioktcgn÷k PRI Nkglnkcgn÷k mo lc iosc Aluje

C-323 Luvnckes 3.>= h/gi7  322 hr ?22 -7² ?2% (>.=? l/i)

Gucrtc pruo`c  C-323 Iuostrc Luvnckes Moksnmcm 3.>= h/gi7  Clnioktcgn÷k 322 hr PRI =22 Nkglnkcgn÷k mo lc iosc Aluje

-7²

?2% (>.=? l/i)

]c`lc 30. Rruo`cs ok iosc gekgoktrcmerc (0)

Ol méc 07 mo julne mol 0236 so roclnzck pruo`cs pcrc ol aluje mo chuc y pestorneriokto clnioktcgn÷k, ok ol gcse mo lc clnioktcgn÷k so pcrtnorek mo les gãlgules mo Xnlls, @. (3>66)

mekmo prepeko uk rckhe mo clnioktcgn÷k mo cguormegek olãroc mol tc`lore,y cl tcicóe mo lc pcrtégulc l`

]cicóe mo pcrtégulc

]npes mo gekgoktrcme

12

02-022 icllcs

Ioscs gekgoktrcmercs

72

3?2-=22 icllcs

Ioscs

fe rc mo Rreiomneat  per ferc

clnioktcgn÷k 

gekgoktrcmer gekgoktrcmercs cs ?2

 

  pcrc lnies y vckkors

Mo cguorme gek lcs gcrcgtoréstngcs mol inkorcl so mognmo geiokzcr gek lc clnioktcgn÷k mo



72   0 , le quo gerrospekmoréc c 17 dh/ferc mo`nme cl ãroc mol tc`lore, snk oi`crhe, osto

mcte s÷le orc to÷rnge yc quo cl ieiokte mo llovcrle c lc prãgtngc ke so sopcrc`ck cmogucmciokto les lnies kn tcipege porintéc c lcs pcrtégulcs somnioktcrso, per le quo so snhunorek fcgnokme pruo`cs mo clnioktcgn÷k fcstc quo so lloh÷ cl mcte mo =.? dh/fr. Ol méc 7 mo Cheste mol 0236 so hostnek÷ gci`ncr lc clturc mo les rnalos csé geie su hoeiotréc pcrc vornangcr sn oaogtnvciokto orck les pcrãiotres iãs cprepncmes, so romujorek les rnalos mo = c 7 ii mo clturc y so romuje lc lekhntum mo les rnalos gurves pore les rosultcmes ke auorek les osporcmes, mo`nme cl gci`ne mo clturc c 7 ii lcs pcrtégulcs yc ke so somnioktc`ck ok lcs pcromos mo les rnalos pcsckme lc icyeréc mol ictorncl mnrogtciokto c lcs gelcs, inoktrcs quo, ol pege ictorncl quo lehrc`c gekgoktrcrso so iozglc`c gek les iomnes cl ankcl mol tc`lore. Mo`nme c ostes rosultcmes so lloh÷ c lc gekglusn÷k mo quo lcs gekmngnekos nkngnclos mekmo lc clturc mo les rnalos os mo = ii y les rnalos gurves so okguoktrok fcstc ol ankcl mol tc`lore mo lc iosc orck lcs iojeros gekmngnekos pcrc trc`cjcr.  Cmoiãs, so okgektr÷ ukc vcrnc`lo iãs quo os ol ãkhule mo nkglnkcgn÷k mo mekmo so okguoktrc ol ieter fcgnc lc zekc mo mosgcrhc mo gekgoktrcme quo tci`nîk so gektoipl÷ gek lc ankclnmcm mo csohurcr lc gektnkunmcm mol inkorcl fcstc su mosgcrhc. Mospuîs mo ckclnzcr mnaoroktos vcrnc`los so lloh÷ c lc ostckmcrnzcgn÷k mo pcrãiotres ÷ptnies mo trc`cje mo lc iosc gekgoktrcmerc ac`rngcmc:

Ostckmcrnzcgn÷k mo pcrãiotres eporctnves pcrc lc iosc

gekgoktrcmerc Iuostrc Moksnmcm Moksnm cm  Clnioktcgn÷k

C-323 Luvnckes 3.>= 3.>= h/gi h/gi =.? dh/fr

PRI Nkglnkcgn÷k mo lc iosc Nkglnkcgn÷k mo iosc mo ieter c mosgcrhc Aluje

=?2 -7² -3.3 ??% (32.7>l/i)

]c`lc 37. Rcrãiotres ostc`lognmes pcrc lc iosc gekgoktrcmerc

?3

 

 

Anhurc 03. Aetehrcaéc mol gekgoktrcme e`toknme mospuîs mo trc`cjcr gek les pcrãiotres

Anhurc 00. Mnaorokgnc ok lc gelercgn÷k mo inkorcl oktro rnalos 

iokgnekcmes

Posultcmes mo ckãlnsns mo lc`ercterne _kc voz e`toknme ol gekgoktrcme mo les mop÷sntes sntucmes ok lc pcrto suporner nzqunormc mo lc iosc gekgoktrcmerc4 so roclnzcrek les ckãlnsns mo NGR pcrc ere, les rosultcmes sek les snhunoktos:

Iuostrc

Gekgoktrcgn÷k (ih/L)

Rose (h)

(ih Cu/dh iuostrc)

 C-323  C-328

2.10=3 2.8=76

2.? 2.?213

30=.60 3=1.>1

 C-333

2.1637

2.?26

37=.30

 C-330

2.807

2.?27?

3=7.?>

 C-307

2.112?

2.?28=

372.36

 C-30=  C-30?

2.633= 2.>667

2.?266 2.?26?

3?>.=8 3>=.7?

 C-301

2.>18?

2.?2>

3>2.26

 C-306  C-372

3.030 2.6210

2.?21= 2.?

07>.7= 313.0=

]c`lc 3=. Posultcmes mo gekgoktrcgn÷k mo Cu ok lcs iuostrcs ukc voz gekgoktrcmcs

?0

 

 

Gãlgule mo auorzcs cgtucktos Rcrc gclgulcr lc volegnmcm torinkcl mo lc pcrtégulc sorã kogoscrne oiplocr lc snhunokto loy mo Wtedos: 0 vt  9 >

∁ ∐ ∁‰ r0h  μ

M÷kmo: vt  9 Qolegnm Qolegnmcm cm ttorinkc orinkcll 

∁‰ 9 Moksnm Moksnmcm cm rolctn rolctnvc vc mol alunme h9 Cgolorcgn÷k mo lc hrcvomcm Qnsgegnmcm mcm m mol ol alu alunme nme  μ 9 Qnsgegn r 9 Pcm Pcmne ne m moo lc osa osaorc orc P 9 Pos Posnst nstokg okgnc nc cl iev ievnin ninokt oktee 

∁9 Moksnmc Moksnmcm m rolctnv rolctnvcc mol inkor inkorcl cl  Wustntuyokme



0 3,>=2,222 vt  9 >

∐ 3,222,222   > ∘ 32∐? 0 (>.63  ) 7

3

  ∘0 ∘ 

vt  9 2.23 2.231? 1?

  

Lc rosnstokgnc cl ievninokte sorã:

ςμrv 

P91

0

 

Wustntuyokme:

 ∘ )(> ∘ 32∐? )( 2.231? )  0 ∘  ∘ P 9 0.8>> ∘ 32∐? 0    P 9 0.8>> ∘ 32∐6  

P 9 1(7. 1(7.3= 3=31 31)( )(3 3

?7

 

  Hrcgncs c ostes mes pcrãiotres so puomok gclgulcr lcs auorzcs ojorgnmcs ok ol inkorcl 3) Oipujo per hrcvomcm:

= A3 9

Mekmo:

‰

7

7 ςr sokγ ∁ ∐ ∁ h 

r9 Pcmne preiomne mo lc pcrtégulc

∁‰ 9 Moksnm Moksnmcm cm rolctn rolctnvc vc mol alunme ∁9 Moksnmcm rolct rolctnvc nvc mol inkorcl inkorcl  γ9 Ãkhule mo nkglnkcgn÷k mo lc iosc  iosc  Wustntuyokme A3 9 = 7 (7.3=31)(> 32∐? )7 sok7² 3,>=2,222



∘



∐ 3,222,222 7  (>.63 0 ) 

A3 9 3.=1 3.=1=0 =0 32∐>  

∘



0) Pego oktro pcrtégulcs

Geoangnokto mo arnggn÷k gnkîtngc92.2?09ᶰ gnkîtngc92.2?09ᶰ  A0 9

∐ =7 ςr7 ᶰgesγΝ ∐ Ν‰ h 

Wustntuyokme A0 9

∐ =7 (7.3=31)(> ∘ 32∐?i)7 2.2?0ges7² 3,>=2,222 ∐ 3,222,222 ih7 (>.63 si0 )  A0 9  3.=137 32∐>  

∐

7) Oipujo mol Alunme

∘



A7 9

∐ >0 ςdΝ hsokγr7 + 1ςdΝ hsokγζr0  ∐ 1ς¿rv 

Wustntuyokme d9 Geoangnokto mosnhkcme pcrc lcs pcrtégulcs ke osaîrngcs (iuy gorgcke c 3)

ζ 9 Ospo Ospose serr m moo llcc ggcp cpcc m moo cchu hucc 9 ? i ii i 9.22? i ?=

 

  A7 9

∐ >0 7.3=31.>>> 3,222,222 7 >.63 0  sok7²(> ∘ 32∐? )7   + 1(7.3= 1(7.3=31)(. 31)(.>>>) >>>) 3,222,222 7  >.63 0  sok7²(.22?i)(>   ∘ 32∐?)0 ∐ 1(7.3=31)(3  ∘ 0 ∘ )(> ∘ 32∐? )( 2.231?  )  A7 9 0.6= 0.6==1 =1 ∘ 32∐> 

 Cgolorcgn÷k  Cgolorcgn÷ k sorã nhuc nhucll c lc suic mo lcs tro tross auorzcs quo so o ojorgok jorgok mv 9 A3 + mt 

0 + 7  

mv 9 0.6= 0.6=81 81 32∐>   mt 

∘



??

 

 

GCRÉ]_LE Q  ÃKCLNWNW MO POW_L]CMEW POW_L]CMEW ^ GEKGL_WNEKOW GEKGL_WNEKOW Lc fnp÷tosns mo quo osto inkorcl puomo sor gekgoktrcme iomnckto mnaorokgnc mo moksnmcmos gek ukc iosc gekgoktrcmerc iemnangcmc geie lc quo so prepuse ok osto trc`cje, so geipre`÷ gek les rosultcmes crrejcmes per ol NGR, lcs gekgoktrcgnekos mo gc`ozc gektrc lcs mol premugte mo lc iosc sek tetcliokto mnaoroktos, nkglusnvo ok iuostrcs mekmo ke so motogt÷ lc prosokgnc mol Cu. Geie so pume e`sorvcr ok les rosultcmes per ol NGR, ke oxnsto ukc hrck vcrnc`nlnmcm ok les insies, oste os mo`nme c quo ol tc`lore suarn÷ uk lnhore mcóe prevegckme quo ol inkorcl somnioktcrc ok ukc poquoóc moprosn÷k quo ke porintn÷ quo pcrto mol inkorcl so mopesntcrc ok lcs golmcs mo gekgoktrcme. Gek lc ankclnmcm mo ke cltorcr les rosultcmes, so mosprogncrek les s÷lnmes gektoknmes ok osc moprosn÷k c poscr mo sor pcrto mol gekgoktrcme. ^c quo lc iosc tnoko rnalos ok teme su tc`lore puomo fcgor quo ol inkorcl ke tck aãgnl pcso mo rnalo c rnalo, pore toknokme ok guoktc quo ol inkorcl c gekgoktrcr (Cu) so okguoktrc c tck `cjcs gekgoktrcgnekos, os kogoscrne csohurcrso mo quo lc ioker gcktnmcm mo osto inkorcl so mopesnto ok lcs golmcs mo les iomnes y gelcs.Ol ietnve per ol quo lc iosc so olc`er÷ gek cgrélnge y ke mo etre ictorncl auo pcrc mnsinkunr lc arnggn÷k mo lc pcrtégulc rospogte cl tc`lore, lcs pcrtégulcs c gekgoktrcr sek tck poquoócs y pege porgoptn`los quo puomo sor icyer lc arnggn÷k quo lc auorzc quo ojorgo su pose, quomckme ostckgcmcs ok ol tc`lore snk mopesntcrso ok knkhukc golmc. Lc pre`loiãtngc mo sopcrcr pcrtégulcs tck ankcs so vne rosuoltc hrcgncs c lc zekc mo

trcksngn÷k oktro ãroc “C’ y “@’, ickmckme lcs pcrtégulcs ankcs (lnies snk gektoknme mo Cu) c lc zekc “C’ y ankcliokto, ankcliokto, c lc zekc mo mosgcrhc mo lcs gelcs4 inoktrcs quo, ol inkorcl gek gektoknmes mo Cu (yc ok ãroc “@’)  “@’)  tuve ukc zekc iãs mo trcksngn÷k ok ol vîrtngo mo lc pcrã`elc aericmc per les rnalos, porintnokme uk “lcvcme’ oxtrc mol inkorcl sopcrckme lcs pcrtégulcs iãs mokscs mol roste. Osto aok÷ioke ke so fc`éc vnste ok ioscs gekgoktrcmercs gek rnalos tnpe Xnlaloy. Ol use mo lc iosc gekgoktrcmerc os ukc cltorkctnvc ?1

 

  mosmo fcgo vcrncs mîgcmcs pcrc lc gekgoktrcgn÷k mo inkorclos, ukc gekmngn÷k e`lnhcternc mol inkorcl c gekgoktrcr os quo su moksnmcm mo`o sor iuy mnaorokto c lc mol alunme y cl mo les inkorclos mo hckhc prosoktos. Wn `nok ke os aãgnl gektrelcr lcs vcrnc`los c lcs quo mo`o mo trc`cjcr ukc iosc gekgoktrcmerc, puomo sor ukc cltorkctnvc `cstckto rotrn`un`lo c uk pregose quo roqunoro mo uk `cje geksuie mo okorhéc rospogte c etres, gnortciokto os ukc tîgkngc cktnhüc pore quo puomo sor iuy vorsãtnl y quo gek lcs togkelehécs y cvckgos mo lc cgtuclnmcm puomo sor iemnangcmc gektnkuciokto, gc`o lc pesn`nlnmcm geie so fc`éc iokgnekcme cktos mo nkglunr gnortes rocgtnves quo puomck iojercr osto pregose. Hrcgncs cl gãlgule mo lcs auorzcs cgtucktos so puomo gekegor ol geipertcinokte mo kuostrc pcrtégulc y csé moanknr lcs kogosnmcmos mo mnsoóe, sek rosultcmes iuy to÷rnges y sujotes c mnvorscs vcrnc`los, pore sek ol aukmciokte pcrc lc olc`ercgn÷k mo ukc iosc gekgoktrcmerc4 ostes rosultcmes sek ol pcrtochucs pcrc lc geiprosn÷k mol aukgnekcinokte mo ukc iosc y kes moiuostrc ol pcpol aukmcioktcl quo ojorgo lc arnggn÷k, lc hrcvomcm, ol scgumninokte y les mnaoroktos ãkhules trc`cjcmes. Osto trc`cje s÷le so okaeg÷ ok lc sopcrcgn÷k mo les inkorclos guycs prepnomcmos aésngcs le porintnorck, snk oi`crhe, soréc iuy nktorosckto cmngnekcr rocgtnves quo nktoksnanquok ol pregose, cyumckme c moprninr e c aletcr gnortes inkorclos prosoktos4 oste qunoro mognr quo pemréck cuioktcr les gestes mo gekgoktrcgn÷k pore quo les `okoangnes so puomok roalojcr ok lc mnsinkugn÷k mo gestes mo okorhéc mo`nme cl tnoipe mo porickokgnc ok lc iosc y c lcs rognrgulcgnekos mo inkorcl. Osto trc`cje roqunrn÷ mo ukc nkvostnhcgn÷k oxfcustnvc mo cuteros quo yc fc`éck ostumncme ol gcse mosmo nkngnes mol snhle VV, snokme iuy serprosnve ke okgektrcr nkaericgn÷k rognokto, les pregoses cgtuclos earogok ukc gcpcgnmcm mo gekgoktrcgn÷k iuy cltc, y ok osto gcse, lc gcpcgnmcm ok veluiok mo ukc iosc gekgoktrcmerc ke puomo geipotnr gektrc lc gcpcgnmcm mo lcs togkelehécs iemorkcs, pore pcrc lc poquoóc inkoréc quo ke

tnoko cggose c tcktcs forrcinoktcs e oqunpes tck iogcknzcmes quo roqunorok mo pregoses rolctnvciokto sokgnlles, îsto pregose puomo sor ukc epgn÷k.

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POAOPOKGNCW Ln`res 3. Dolly, O. y Wpettnsweem, M., (3>>2), Nktremuggn÷k cl pregoscinokte mo inkorclos. ]rcmuggn÷k mo Pcacol Hcrgéc. Iîxnge, Lniusc. 0. Xnlls, @., (3>66), Inkorcl pregossnkh togfkelehy4 Ck nktremugtnek te tfo prcgtngcl cspogts ea ero troctiokt ckm inkorcl rogevory . Gucrtc omngn÷k, Exaerm,

RorhciekRross. 7. Huptc, C. y ^ck, M., (0231), Inkorcl pregossnkh mosnhk ckm eporctneks: Ck Nktremugtnek.Wohukmc omngn÷k, Nkhlctorrc, Olsovnor CpplnomWgnokgoRu`lnsfors.

=. Hcumnk, I., (3>7>), Rrnkgnplos ea inkorcl mrossnkh , Rrniorc omngn÷k, _._.W.W.C.C., IgHrcw Fnll. ?. Pngfcrms, P. y Legdo, Gf., (3>=2). ]oxt `eed ea ero mrossnkh. _kntom Wtctos, IgHrcw-FNLL @eed Geipcky. 1. ]chhcrt, C., (3>=?). Fckm`eed ea inkorcl mrossnkh eros ckm nkmustrncl inkorcls. _kntomWtctos, IgHrcw-FNLL @eed Geipcky. 8. Ierãk, M., (3>6=).Hoelehéc mo lc Popú`lngc Ioxngckc , Wohukmc omngn÷k, Iîxnge, NKOHN. 6. Icrsmok, J. y Feuso, G., (3>>7). ]fo gfoinstry ea helm oxtrcgtnek, Ollns Ferweem. Ln`res Mnhntclos >. Fuoze, J., (3>>1), Rrãgtngcs mo lc`ercterne mo lc csnhkcturc propcrcgn÷k iogãkngc





mo inkorclos, Ok lékoc , Iîxnge, Acgultcm mo Nkhoknoréc, _KCI, mnspekn`lo ok:

fttp://www.pteleioe.ukci.ix:6262/xilun/`ntstroci/fckmlo/370.0=6.?0.322/3=02>/ RPCG]NGCW%02MO%02LC@EPC]EPNE%02MO%02LC%02CWNHKC]_PC%02RP

ORCPCGN%G7%>7K%02IOG%G7%63KNGC%02MO%02INKOPCLOW





3.pma5soquokgo93 Cggoscme ol 0? mo c`rnl mol 0236   32. Ospnkesc mo Lo÷k, L. y L÷poz, Q., (3>6=), ]oeréc y prãgtngcs mo trnturcgn÷k y ielnokmc,

Ok lékoc,Iîxnge,

Acgultcm mo Nkhoknoréc, _KCI, mnspekn`lo ok:

fttp://www.pteleioe.ukci.ix:6262/xilun/`ntstroci/fckmlo/370.0=6.?0.322/3112/]

?6

 

  OEPNC%02^%02RP%G7%63G]NGCW%02MO%02]PN]_PCGNEK%02^%02IELN





OKMCUEGP.pma5soquokgo93,, Cggoscme ol 0 mo icye mol 0236   OKMCUEGP.pma5soquokgo93





33. Worwcy, P. y Jowott Jowott,, J. J.,, (0226) (0226),, Aésngc pcrc gnokgncs o nkhoknoréc, Ok lékoc ,  Wîptnic omngn÷k, veluiok 3, trcmugnme per Qégter Gcipes, Iîxnge, Gokhcho Locrknkh,

mnspekn`lo

ok:

fttps://ansngc022hokorcl3322.anlos.wermpross.gei/0237/2>/ag7cmsngc-pcrc-gnokgncso-nkhoknorg7cmc-sorwcy-jowott-8ic-om-vel-3-3.pma ,,  o-nkhoknorg7cmc-sorwcy-jowott-8ic-om-vel-3-3.pma 

Cggoscme ol 6 mo icrze mol 0236  Rãhnkcs mo Nktorkot 30. NKOHN, (022>), Rrektucrne mo nkaericgn÷k hoehrãangc iukngnpcl mo les Ostcmes _knmes Ioxngckes: Luvnckes, Ok lékoc ,  Glcvo hoeostcméstngc 3?307, Iîxnge,





mnspekn`lo ok: ok:fttp://www7.nkohn.erh.ix/gektoknmes/cpp/ioxngegnarcs/mctesUhoehrcanges/3?/3? 





307.pma , Cggoscme ol 03 mo ao`rore mol 0236   37.  Rnóonre,M.,

O3=-C?? ,

(0233), Nkvoktcrne aésnge mo les rogurses inkorclos mo lc Gcrtc @ojuges

Ok lékoc, 

Worvngne Hoel÷hnge Ioxngcke, Iîxnge, mnspekn`lo ok:

fttp://www7.nkohn.erh.ix/gektoknmes/cpp/ioxngegnarcs/mctesUhoehrcanges/3?/3?307





0 236   .pma , Cggoscme ol 72 mo okore mol 0236

3=. Clcrg÷k, A., (022=), Nkvoktcrne aésnge mo les rogurses inkorclos mol iukngnpne mo ]ojupnlge, Ostcme mo Iîxnge,

Anmongeinse

mol

Aeiokte

Ok lékoc,  Inkore,

Geksoje mo Pogurses Inkorclos Iîxnge,

mnspekn`lo

ok:

fttps://icpsorvor.shi.he`.ix/Nkaerios]ogknges/NkvoktcrnesInkoresXo`/]3?2=CC





L_2223U23.pma , Cggoscme ol = mo ao`rore mol 0236  

3?. Wogrotcréc mol Iomne Ci`nokto, (0221), Mnchk÷stnge ci`noktcl mol iukngnpne mo Luvnckes, Ostcme mo Iîxnge, Ok lékoc , He`norke mol Ostcme mo Iîxnge, mnspekn`lo





ok: ?>

   

  fttp://sic.omeiox.he`.ix/sntos/sic.omeiox.he`.ix/anlos/anlos/sicUpmaUmnchUci`





 Uluvnckes.pma   Uluvnckes .pma ,  Cggoscme ol 36 mo ao`rore mol 0236   31. F. Cyuktcinokte mo Luvnckes, Okgnglepomnc mo les iukngnpnes y molohcgnekos mo Iîxnge, Ok lékoc , Iîxnge, mnspekn`lo ok:





fttp://www.nkcaom.he`.ix/werd/okgnglepomnc/OII3?ioxnge/iukngnpnes/3?307c.ft





il,,  Cggoscme ol 3> mo okore mol 0236   il 38. @utgfcrt, X., (3>3=), Gekgoktrcter , _kntom Wtctos Rctokt Eaango, _._.W.W.C.C.,

Ok lékoc, 

mnspekn`lo

ok:

fttps://pctoktnichos.stercho.heehlocpns.gei/61/ma/>`/`383?a?o631?o6/_W3333>>





0.pma ,  Cggoscme ol 7 mo icrze mol 0236  

]osns 36. Hekzãloz, K., (0228), Ovelugn÷k mol goktre snlégnge mo lc Wnorrc mo Kckgfntntlc, Ostcme mo Iîxnge y Ingfecgãk. ]osns pcrc e`tokor ol hrcme mo Icostre ok

Gnokgncs mo lc ]norrc, Iîxnge, _knvorsnmcm Kcgnekcl Cut÷keic mo Iîxnge. 3>. Weute, C., (022?),Ostumne iotclúrhnge per ol iîteme mo gekgoktrcgn÷k hrcvniîtrngc  pcrc uk inkorcl curéaore mo inkcs mo Ruorte mol Ere, Iukngnpne mo Geyugc mo Gctclãk, Huorrore.  ]osns pcrc e`tokor ol tétule mo Nkhoknore mo inkcs y iotclurhnstc, Iîxnge, _knvorsnmcm Kcgnekcl Cut÷keic mo Iîxnge. 

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