Tesis UPC Diagnostico Sector Textil MiPYMES La Victoria Lima

 

Gdfjnÿstdoi g`b s`otir t`xtdb g` bfs ldori, p`qu`öfs y l`gdfnfs `lpr`sfs (Ldpyl`s) `n `b gdstrdti g` bf Xdotirdf ‟ Bdlf L`tripibdtfnf Dt`l Wyp`

dnhi;`u-r`pi/s`lfntdos/mfoe`birWe`sds

Futeirs

_`ldnfrdi Ooird, Cfte`rdn`3 Wirr`s Fs`nodis, @b`ndtf

Odtftdin

Ooird, _., & Fs`nodis, W. (=165). Gdfjnÿstdoi g`b s`otir t`xtdb g` bfs ldori, p`qu`öfs y l`gdfnfs `lpr`sfs (Ldpyl`s) `n `b gdstrdti g` bf Xdotirdf ‟ Bdlf l`tripibdtfnf. Pndv`rsdgfg Q`rufnf g` Od`nodfs Fpbdofgfs (PQO), Bdlf, Q`rû. ]`trd`v`g hril ettp;// egb.efngb`.n`t/61:0:/8=?51:

Qumbdse`r

Pndv`rsdgfg Q`rufnf g` Od`nodfs Fpbdofgfs (PQO)

]djets

dnhi;`u-r`pi/s`lfntdos/ip`nFoo`ss3 FttrdmutdinNinOill`rodfb-_efr`Fbdc` ?.1 Pndt`g _tft`s

Giwnbifg gft`

1=/1=/=1=6 17;=5;00

Dt`l Bdo`ns`

ettp;//or`ftdv`oillins.irj/bdo`ns`s/my-no-sf/?.1/us/

Bdnc ti Dt`l

ettp;//egb.efngb`.n`t/61:0:/8=?51:

 

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PNDX@]_DGFG Q@]PFNF G@ OD@NODF_ FQBDOFGF_ HFOPBWFG G@ N@JIODI_ OF]]@]F G@ FGLDND_W]FODIN T N@JIODI_ DNW@]NFODINFB@_

GDFJNß_WDOI G@B _@OWI] W@UWDB G@ BF_ LDO]I,

‒

Q@VP@ÖF_ T L@GDFNF_ @LQ]@_F_ (LDQTL@_) @N @B GD_W]DWI G@ BF XDOWI]DF ‟  BDLF  BDLF L@W]IQIBDWFNF   “

W@_D_ Qfrf iptfr `b tìtubi g` Bdo`nodfgi `n Fgldndstrfodin  

FPWI]F_; _`ldnfrdi Ooird, Cfte`rdn` (1111-111=-=7=0-==8:)  Wirr`s Fs`nodis, @b`ndtf (1111-1116-8:07-77==)

F_@_I] G@ W@_D_; Xdbbfvdo`nodi Frfndmfr, Kirj`

Bdlf, 1: g` Lfyi g` =165

 

=

 G`gdofgi f bis g` sd`lpr`.

 

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 F nu`strfs hfldbdfs, pir s`r `b dlpubsi qu` nis litdvf litdvf f oulpbdr ofgf unf g` nu`strfs nu`strfs l`tfs.  F tigis bis `lpr`ng`gir`s g`b @lpirdi Oil`rodfb Oil`rodfb g` Jflfrrf, pfrf qu` su trf trfmfki mfki sdjf ointrdmuy`ngi oin `b or`odld`nti `oinÿldoi g`b pfìs y efo`r g` `st` un bujfr l`kir.  Hdnfbl`nt`, f nu`stri fs`sir Kirj` Xdbbfvdo`nodi, pir su juìf, juìf, pfod`nodf y oinstfnt` r`trifbdl`ntfodÿn.

 

7

]`sul`n @n `b Q`rû, `b oino`pti g` LDQTL@_ (Ldori, Q`qu`öfs y L`gdfnfs @lpr`sfs) ef oimrfgi vdtfb dlpirtfnodf, yf qu` gdoefs irjfndzfodin`s j`n`rfn un jrfn fpirt` f bf priguoodÿn nfodinfb, fsì oili f bf tfsf g` `lpb`i g` nu`stri pfìs. _dn `lmfrji, `st` tdpi g` `lpr`sfs s` `nhr`ntfn f gdstdntis r`tis gdfrdis, oin `b hdn g` simr`vdvdr f bf `b`vfgf tfsf g` lirtfngfg `xdst`nt` pfrf gdoeis `nt`s (Frmubû y Itiyf, =118). @s fsì qu`, `n bf pr`s`nt` dnv`stdjfodÿn, s` fnfbdzfræ `b dlpfoti g` gdstdntfs g`odsdin`s `n gdv`rsis ælmdtis, tilfgfs pir bis `lpr`ng`gir`s g`b @lpirdi Oil`rodfb g` Jflfrrf, prdnodpfbl`nt` `n bfs ær`fs g` `stfs `lpr`sfs oili sin `b g`pfrtfl`nti hdnfnod`ri, oil`rodfb, bijìstdoi, priguotdvi y g` r`oursis eulfnis. Fg`læs, s` t`ngræ oili imk`tdvi bf pr`s`ntfodÿn g` un gdfjnÿstdoi g` bfs LDQTL@_ g`b s`otir t`xtdb y r`oil`ngfodin`s qu` b`s p`rldtf l`kirfr bf priguotdvdgfg y bf oilp`tdtdvdgfg `n `b l`rofgi. L`gdfnt` bf l`tigibijìf g` `nhiqu` oufbdtftdvf, s` r`fbdzfrin `ntr`vdstfs f prihungdgfg f bfs LDQTL@_ g`b @lpirdi Oil`rodfb g` Jflfrrf, y bis r`subtfgis listrfrin qu` sd `xdst`n primb`lfs g` j`stdÿn `n gdv`rsfs ær`fs. Fsdldsli, s` ims`rvÿ qu` gdoeis `lpr`ng`gir`s g` bfs LDQTL@_ g`b s`otir t`xtdb sin bis prdnodpfb`s j`n`rfgir`s g` `lpb`is `n `b pfìs y pir `ng` g` bf priguoodÿn. Qir ûbtdli, s` bijrÿ dg`ntdhdofr bis hfotir`s obfv`s `n ofgf uni g` bis prio`sis, `ntr` bis qu` g`stfofn bf irjfndzfodÿn, oilp`tdtdvdgfg, efmdbdgfg`s j`r`nodfb`s y `xp`rd`nodf g` bis hungfgir`s `n `lpr`ngdld`ntis.

Qfbfmrfs obfv`; LDQTL@_3 W`xtdb3 Dnhirlfbdgfg3 Oilp`tdtdvdgfg3 Qrio`sis3 J`stdÿn3 @lpirdi Oil`rodfb g` Jflfrrf

 

0

Fmstrfot Dn Q`ru, te` oino`pt ih LDQTL@_ (Ldori, _lfbb fng L`gdul @nt`rprds`s) efs jfdn`g vdtfb dlpirtfno`, sdno` te`s` irjfndzftdins j`n`rft` f jr`ft ointrdmutdin ti nftdinfb priguotdin, fs w`bb fs ti te` `lpbiyl`nt rft` ih iur oiuntry. Eiw`v`r, te`s` typ`s ih oilpfnd`s hfo` gdhh`r`nt gfdby oefbb`nj`s, dn irg`r ti survdv` te` edje g`fte rft` `xdstdnj hir te`s` `ntdtd`s (Frmubu y Itiyf, =118). Weus, dn te` pr`s`nt pr`s`nt dnv`stdjftdin, te` dlpfot ih gdhh`r`nt g`odsdins dn vfrdius fr`fs, tfc`n my `ntr`pr`n`urs ih te` Oill`rodfb @lpirdul ih Jflfrrf, wdbb m` fnfbyz`g, lfdnby dn te` fr`fs ih te`s` oilpfnd`s suoe fs te` hdnfnodfb, oill`rodfb, bijdstdo,  priguotdv` fng r`siuro` eulfns. Dn fggdtdin, te` imk`otdv` wdbb m` ti pr`s`nt f gdfjnisds gdfjnisds ih ih LDQTL@_ dn te` t`xtdb` s`otir fng r`oill`ngftdins teft wdbb fbbiw te`l ti dlpriv`  priguotdvdty fng oilp`tdtdv`n`ss dn te` lfrc`t. Weriuje te` l`teigibijy ih qufbdtftdv` fpprifoe, dn-g`pte dnt`rvd`ws w`r` oinguot`g wdte te` LDQTL@_ ih te` Jflfrrf Oill`rodfb @lpirdul, fng te` r`subts seiw`g teft te`r` fr` lfnfj`l`nt primb`ls dn vfrdius fr`fs. Bdc`wds`, dt wfs ims`rv`g teft te`s` `ntr`pr`n`urs ih te` LDQTL@_ ih te` t`xtdb` s`otir fr` te` lfdn j`n`rftirs ih kims dn te` oiuntry fng te`r`hir` ih te` priguotdin. Hdnfbby, dt wfs pissdmb` ti dg`ntdhy te` c`y hfotirs dn `foe ih te` prio`ss`s, flinj wedoe te` irjfndzftdin, oilp`tdtdv`n`ss, lfnfj`rdfb scdbbs fng `xp`rd`no` ih te` hiung`rs dn `ntr`pr`n`ursedp.

C`ywirgs; LDQTL@_3 W`xtdb`3 Dnhirlfbdty3 Oilp`tdtdv`n`ss3 Qrio`ss`s3 Lfnfj`l`nt3 Oill`rodfb @lpirdul ih Jflfrrf

 

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Ìngdo` g` Oint`ndgis Dntriguoodÿn ...................... ............................................. ............................................. ............................................ ............................................ ...................................... ................5  Ofpìtubi D; Lfroi t`ÿrdoi ............................... ...................................................... .............................................. ............................................. ............................ ...... 66  6.6 Bfs LDQTL@_ `n `b s`otir t`xtdb ................................................................................................ 66 6.= Bf Dnhirlfbdgfg `n bfs LDQTL@_ .............................................................................................. 68 6.? Oilp`tdtdvdgfg `n bfs LDQTL@_ ............................................................................................... 64 6.7 Qrio`sis `n bfs LDQTL@_ ......................................................................................................... =1 6.0 J`stdÿn `n bfs LDQTL@_ ........................................................................................................... =? 6.8 LDQTL@_ `n `b @lpirdi Oil`rodfb Jflfrrf……………………………… ……………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………….……………………… …………….…………………………….…… …….……..………....=5

Ofpìtubi DD; Qbfn g` dnv`stdjfodÿn ..... ........................... ............................................. ............................................. ........................................... .....................?6  =.6 @b primb`lf............................................................................................................................... ?6 =.= Edpÿt`sds ................................................................................................................................... ?? =.? Imk`tdvis g` bf dnv`stdjfodÿn .................................................................................................... ?7 =.?.6 Imk`tdvis Imk`tdvi j`n`rfb; ............................................................................................................... ?0 =.?.= `sp`oìhdois; ........................................................................................................ ?0

Ofpìtubi DDD; L`tigibijìf .................... ........................................... .............................................. ............................................. ....................................... .................?8  ?.6 Wdpi y gds`öi g` dnv`stdjfodÿn .................................................................................................. ?8 ?.= _`b`oodÿn g` bf lu`strf ............................................................................................................ ?: ?.? Dnstrul`ntis g` dnv`stdjfodÿn .................................................................................................. ?5

Ofpìtubi DX; G`sfrribbi ..................................... .......................................................... ............................................ ............................................. ............................ ...... 71  7.6. Ær`fs prdnodpfb`s g` bfs LDQTL@_ ........................................................................................... 71 7.6.6. Qrio`si hdnfnod`ri ............................................................................................................ 71 7.6.=. Qrio`si oil`rodfb ............................................................................................................ 7= 7.6.?. Qrio`si g` r`oursis eulfnis .......................................................................................... 7? 7.6.7. Qrio`si priguotdvi .......................................................................................................... 77 7.6.0. Qrio`si bijìstdoi ............................................................................................................... 70

Ofpìtubi X; Fnæbdsds............ ................................... ............................................ ............................................. .............................................. ................................... .............7:  0.6. Gdfjnÿstdoi f trfväs g` bfs prdnodpfb`s ær`fs g` bfs LDQTL@_ ................................................ 7: 0.6.6. Qrio`si hdnfnod`ri ............................................................................................................ 7: 0.6.=. Qrio`si oil`rodfb ............................................................................................................ 01 0.6.?. Qrio`si r`oursis eulfnis............................................................................................... 07 0.6.7 Qrio`si priguotdvi ........................................................................................................... 04 0.6.0. Qrio`si bijìstdoi ............................................................................................................... 8?

Ofpìtubi XD; Oinobusdin`s y r`oil`ngfod r`oil`ngfodin`s in`s ............................. ................................................... ........................................... .....................85  Fpängdo` F; Lfrtdnf Ligf Dnhfntdb ........................................................ ............................................................................... ................................. ..........:7  Fpängdo` M; Q`rsp`otdv` Obitednj _.F.O. ..... ........................... ............................................. .............................................. ................................ .........5?  Fpängdo` O; Lfh`r & Fnj`bf _.F.O.............. _.F.O..................................... ............................................ ............................................ ................................. ..........55  Fpängdo` G; Wip Cdgs _.F.O ...................... ............................................ ............................................. ............................................ ................................... ..............4? 

 

: Fpängdo` @; Ofrfz Oilpfny _.F.O. ........................ ............................................... ............................................. ........................................... .....................45  @lpr`sfs @ntr`vdstfgfs ................... .......................................... ............................................. ............................................ ......................................... ...................61? 

Ìngdo` g` Dbustrfodin`s Dbustrfodÿn 6;Vuä tdpi g` pr`supu`sti lfn`kfn9 ......................................................... ................................................................... ..........74 74   Dbustrfodÿn =; ¹Ptdbdzfn QI_9 ................................... ......................................................... ............................................ ........................................... .....................01 01   Dbustrfodÿn ?; ¹Edod`rin un `stugdi pr`vdi g` l`rofgi9................. l`rofgi9........................................ ........................................ .................0= 0=   Dbustrfodÿn 7; ¹Ointrftfn p`rsinfb `sp`odfbdzfgi `n `b ær`f oil`rodfb9 ...................... ................................ ..........0= 0=   Dbustrfodÿn 0; ¹Ptdbdzfn e`rrfld`ntfs g` lfrc`tdnj9 ¹Oufb`s9 ............................................... ...............................................0? 0?   Dbustrfodÿn 8; ¹Oÿli lfn`kfn bis su`bgis g`b p`rsinfb g` v`ntfs9 ...................... ....................................... .................07 07   Dbustrfodÿn :; ¹¹Ofpfodtfn Ofpfodtfn f sus trfmfkfgir`s9 trfmfkfgir`s9 ................... ......................................... ............................................ ................................ ..........00 00   Dbustrfodÿn :; ¹Ofpfodtfn ¹ Ofpfodtfn f sus trfmfkfgir trfmfkfgir`s9 `s9 ............................¡@rrir! Lfrofgir ni g`hdndgi.  Dbustrfodÿn 5; ¹Vuä m`n`hdodis bfmirfb`s b` itirjf f su p`rsinfb9 .............. .................................... ............................ ...... 08 08   Dbustrfodÿn 4; ¹Ou`ntfn oin lfqudnfrdf pripdf i fbqudbfgf9 ...................... ............................................ ............................ ...... 04 04   Dbustrfodÿn 61; ¹Ouæntis turnis g` trfmfki td`n`n bfs `lpr`sfs9 .............. .................................... ............................ ...... 81 81   Dbustrfodÿn 66; ¹Oÿli `s su prio`si g` fmfst` fmfst`odld`nti odld`nti g` dnsulis9 ... ......................... ................................ ..........88 88   Dbustrfodÿn 6=; Vuä tdpi g` pr`supu`sti lfn`kfn9 ...................................................... ................................................................ ..........8: 8:   Dbustrfodÿn 6?; Oÿli `s bf gdstrdmuodÿn g` bf l`rofg`rìf t`rldnfgf9 .................................... ....................................8: 8:  

 

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Dntriguoodÿn _`jûn Icpfrf y Zynn (=11:). @n bf fotufbdgfg, `b trfmfki t rfmfki qu` r`fbdzfn bfs Ldori, Q`qu`öfs y L`gdfnfs @lpr`sfs (LDQTL@_) (LDQTL@_) `s g` drr`hutfmb` pr``ldn`nodf, ni sibi pir bf ointrdmuodÿn f bf or`fodÿn g` `lpb`is pfrf Bdlf L`tripibdtfnf, sdni tflmdän pir bf dlpirtfnt` pfrtdodpfodÿn `n `b g`sfrribbi siodi`oinÿldoi pfrf `b pfìs. _` fhdrlf qu` bis p`qu`öis n`jiodis sin ofbdhdofgis oili bf hu`rzf prilitirf g`b or`odld`nti `oinÿldoi `n `b Q`rû, bf j`n`rfodÿn g` `lpb`i y bf gdsldnuodÿn g` bf pimr`zf `n Bdlf L`tripibdtfnf. @n tärldnis `oinÿldois, oufngi un `lpr`sfrdi g` bf ldori, p`qu`öf y l`gdfnf `lpr`sf or`o`, j`n`rf læs `lpb`i, yf qu` g`lfngf un dnor`l`nti `n bf lfni g` imrf. Fsdldsli, bfs v`ntfs ful`ntfn, y s` bijrf imt`n`r lfyir`s m`n`hdodis y jfnfnodfs, bi oufb ointrdmuy` `n lfyir l`gdgf f bf hirlfodÿn g` un dnor`l`nti g`b priguoti mruti dnt`rni (Odtfgi `n Fvibdi, L`sin`s y ]iof ]iof,, =166).

_fus`r (=110) sistd`n` qu` `n `b Q`rû bfs LDQTL@_ fhrintfn unf jrfn ofntdgfg g` imstæoubis qu` bdldtfn su `stfmdbdgfg y g`sfrribbi f bfrji pbfzi. Oinkuntfl`nt`, bfs p`qu`öfs `lpr`sfs g`m`n g`sfrribbfr efmdbdgfg`s `sp`oìhdofs g` oirti, l`gdfni y bfrji pbfzi pfrf r`sjufrgfrs` g` bf lirtfbdgfg, gfgi qu` dndodfr unf p`qu`öf `lpr`sf dnvibuorf un ndv`b g` dns`jurdgfg, y sus  primfmdbdgfg`s g` p`rlfn`o`r p`rlfn`o`r læs g` odnoi föis föis sin luy mfkfs (Odtfgi `n Fvibdi, L`sin`s y ]iof,, =166). ]iof

G` fou`rgi f Frmfdzf (=115), uni g` bis hfotir`s obfv`s `n `b fnæbdsds g` bfs LDQTL@_ g`b s`otir t`xtdb `n Bdlf L`tripibdtfnf `s bf or`od`nt` dnhirlfbdgfg `xdst`nt`, bf oufb td`n` ouftri v`rtd`nt`s mæsdofs; @h`oti g` bis oflmdis g`lijræhdois y bf dnofpfodgfg g`b s`otir lig`rni g` fmsirm`r bf hu`rzf g` trfmfki, r`subtfgi g` bf `xpbitfodÿn g`b trfmfki pir `b ofpdtfb, oins`ou`nodf oins`ou`no df g`b g`s`lpb`i dn`hdod`nt` g`b @stfgi y `b `xo`si g` nirlfs y r`jubfodin`s r` jubfodin`s simr`

 

4 `b ofpdtfb y un nu`vi «ligi g` priguoodÿn³ `n `b oufb s` r`bfodinfn eulfnìstdofl`nt` y `n hirlf gdh`r`nt` `b ofpdtfb y `b trfmfki. (p. =81)

_uöib (=118) dngdof qu` itri g` bis hfotir`s læs r`b`vfnt`s `n `stf dnv`stdjfodÿn `s bf oilp`tdtdvdgfg qu` `s g`hdndgf oili `b jrfgi `n qu` un pfìs, @stfgi, r`jdÿn i `lpr`sf  priguo` md`n`s i s`rvdodis s`rvdodis mfki oingdodin`s oingdodin`s g` bdmr` l`rofgi, `nhr`ntfngi `nhr`ntfngi bf oilp`t`nodf g` g` bis l`rofgis nfodinfb`s ` dnt`rnfodinfb`s, l`kirfngi g` lfn`rf sdlubtæn`f bis dnjr`sis r`fb`s g` sus `lpb`fgis y oins`ou`nt`l`nt` oins`ou`nt`l`nt` bf priguotdvdgfg g` sus `lpr`sfs. `lpr`sfs. Qir itri bfgi,  pr`gildnf bf dg`f qu` pfrf qu` bfs `lpr`sfs bijr`n lfyir oilp`tdtdvdgfg r`qud`r`n sdlpb`l`nt` un ful`nti sist`ndgi g` dnv`rsdÿn y fp`rturf oil`rodfb. (p. 651)

Flizfrrfdn (6444) sistd`n` qu` itri g` bis hfotir`s læs dlpirtfnt`s sin bis prio`sis utdbdzfgis pir bfs LDQTL@_, yf qu` s` fhdrlf qu` bfs `lpr`sfs sin tfn `hdod`nt`s oili sin sus prio`sis, pu`sti qu` tigi trfmfki g`ntri g` unf irjfndzfodÿn s` r`fbdzf oin `b pripÿsdti g` oins`judr fbjûn imk`tdvi y qu` `st` s` bijrf læs `hdofzl`nt` oufngi bis r`oursis y bfs fotdvdgfg`s s` g`sfrribbfn oili un prio`si. (Odtfgi `n Xæsqu`z, =16:)

Kfoqu`s, Odsn`ris y L`kìf (=166) pr`odsfn qu` `n oufnti f bf j`stdÿn utdbdzfgf pir `st` tdpi g` `lpr`sfs vd`n` sd`ngi l`gdgf f trfväs g` tr`s hfotir`s obfv`s oili bi sin bf `hdofodf, `hdod`nodf y `h`otdvdgfg `n ofgf unf g` bfs fotdvdgfg`s r`fbdzfgfs gdfrdfl`nt` pir bfs LDQTL@_. (p. 600)

_`jûn DN@D (=168), `s dlpirtfnt` g`stfofr bf dlpirtfnodf g`b @lpirdi Oil`rodfb g` Jflfrrf `n `st` s`otir, yf qu` `s un bujfr umdofgi `n `b gdstrdti g` Bf Xdotirdf qu` ou`ntf oin jrfn livdld`nti oil`rodfb, hungfl`ntfbl`nt` `n bf dngustrdf g` ligf y t`xtdb, r`odmd`ngi `ntr`

 

61 ?11 ldb f 011 ldb obd`nt`s pir gìf, bi b i qu` ef e`oei qu` `st` s` pisdodin` oili `b lfyir o`ntri oil`rodfb g` dngustrdf t`xtdb g` tigf _ugflärdof. (p. ?)

G` `stf lfn`rf, pfrf r`fbdzfr un gdfjnÿstdoi qu` nis p`rldtf prihungdzfr y oinio`r bis  prdnodpfb`s primb`lfs `n bis qu` dnourr`n `st` tdpi g` `lpr`sfs `lpr`sfs y g` `s `stf tf lfn`rf nis ppisdmdbdt` isdmdbdt` f mrdngfr suj`r`nodfs qu` bijr`n qu` bfs LDQTL@_ g`b s`otir t`xtdb fbofno`n `b äxdti g`s`fgi, s` fnfbdzfrf bfs `xp`rd`nodfs, oiniodld`ntis y ipdndin`s g` gdstdntis `lpr`ng`gir`s g`b @lpirdi Oil`rodfb g` Jflfrrf, oin r`sp`oti f bis hfotir`s fnt`rdirl`nt` l`nodinfgis y f bis  prio`sis qu` g`sfrribbfn `n sus irjfndzfodin`s, irjfndzfodin`s, oin bf hdnfbdgfg g` bijrfr sus imk`tdvis. Hdnfbl`nt`, listrfr`lis bfs oinobusdin`s y r`oil`ngfodin`s, fsì oili nu`stri fpirt` f bf bìn`f g` dnv`stdjfodÿn r`fbdzfgf.

 

66

Ofpìtubi D; Lfroi t`ÿrdoi @n `st` prdl`r ofpìtubi, s` r`vdsfræ `b lfroi t`ÿrdoi g` bf dnv`stdjfodÿn. d nv`stdjfodÿn. Qfrf pig`r `nt`ng`r `b t`lf s`b`oodinfgi s`ræ n`o`sfrdi r`vdsfr gdstdntis oino`ptis hungfl`ntfb`s g`sg` unf g`hdndodÿn g`tfbbfgf g` bfs LDQTL@_ (Ldori, Q`qu`öfs y L`gdfnfs @lpr`sfs), `b s`otir t`xtdb y su dnhbu`nodf `n bf `oinilìf g` nu`stri pfìs3 efstf gdv`rsis hfotir`s obfv`s oili bf or`od`nt` dnhirlfbdgfg `n gdoei s`otir, bf oilp`tdtdvdgfg, bis prio`sis y j`stdÿn utdbdzfgis  pir `st` tdpi g` `lpr`sfs y f su v`z `nhiofgis `n gdv`rsis puntis dlpirtfnt`s qu` qu` dnt`rvd`n`n dnt`rvd`n`n hu`rt`l`nt` `n `b äxdti i hrfofsi qu` `stfs bijrfn fbofnzfr `n `b l`rofgi. Qir itri bfgi, s`ræ dlpirtfnt` gfr læs g`tfbb`s dlpirtfnt`s g`b @lpirdi Oil`rodfb g` Jflfrrf.

6.6 Bfs LDQTL@_ `n `b s`otir t`xtdb Frmubû y Itiyf (=118) s`öfbf f bfs LDQTL@_ (Ldori, Q`qu`öfs y L`gdfnfs @lpr`sfs) oili bf undgfg `oinÿldof oinstdtudgf pir unf p`rsinf nfturfb i kurìgdof, mfki oufbqud`r hirlf g` irjfndzfodÿn i j`stdÿn `lpr`sfrdfb oint`lpbfgf `n bf b`jdsbfodÿn vdj`nt`, qu` td`n` oili imk`ti g`sfrribbfr fotdvdgfg`s g` `xtrfoodÿn, trfnshirlfodÿn, t rfnshirlfodÿn, priguoodÿn, oil`rodfbdz oil`rodfbdzfodÿn fodÿn g`  md`n`s i pr`stfodÿn pr`stfodÿn g` s`rvdodis s`rvdodis g`md`ngi ointfr oin bfs sdjud`nt`s ofrfot`rìstdofs; 6.6.6

Ldori`lpr`sf;



   Nûl`ri titfb g` trfmfkfgir`s trfmfkfgir`s `ntr` uni (6) y gd`z (61).



   Ndv`b`s g` v`ntfs v`ntfs fnufb`s ni lfyir`s f 601 PDW.

6.6.=

Q`qu`öf `lpr`sf;



   Nûl`ri titfb g` trfmfkfgir`s trfmfkfgir`s efstf un læxdli g` odnou odnou`ntf `ntf (01).



   Ndv`b`s g` v`ntfs v`ntfs fnufb`s `ntr` `ntr` 601 y 6:11 6:11 PDW. 

 

6=

6.6.?

L`gdfnf `lpr`sf;



   Nûl`ri titfb g` trfmfkfgir`s trfmfkfgir`s efstf un læxdli g` gis gisod`ntis od`ntis odnou`ntf odnou`ntf (=01).



   Ndv`b`s g` v`ntfs fnufb`s sup`rdir`s f 6,:11 PDW efstf `b linti læxdli g` =,?11

PDW. (pp. ?=-??) _`jûn `b Ldndst`rdi g` bf Qriguoodÿn (=160), bf jrfn lfyirìf g` bfs `lpr`sfs sin ldori`lpr`sfs (40,1%), p`qu`öfs `lpr`sfs (7,?%) y l`gdfnfs `lpr`sfs (1,=%). @stf `struoturf, pr`s`ntf unf fus`nodf nitirdf g` p`qu`öfs y l`gdfnfs `lpr`sfs, bi oufb r`pr`s`ntf unf g`mdbdgfg pfrf `b g`sfrribbi g`b s`otir prdvfgi y bf `oinilìf `n j`n`rfb. (p. 660) @s fsì qu` s`jûn `b dnhirl` g`b Ldndst`rdi g` bf Qriguoodÿn (=16=), bf or`fodÿn g` nu`vfs `lpr`sfs td`n` unf r`bfodÿn `n gimb` gdr`oodÿn oin `b or`odld`nti `oinÿldoi, yf qu` un lfyir `spìrdtu `lpr`ng`gir g`m` s`r hfvirfmb` fb rdtli g` fotdvdgfg. Qir itri bfgi, b fgi, oufngi bf `oinilìf s` `nou`ntrf `stfnofgf y `xdst` un ful`nti g`b ndv`b g` g`s`lpb`i, td`ng` f dnor`l`ntfrs` bf or`fodÿn g` `lpr`sf, pu`sti qu` unf lfyir tfsf g` g`s`lpb`i dno`ntdvf f bis musofgir`s fotdvis g` `lpb`i f pin`r sus pripdfs `lpr`sfs, oin bf hdnfbdgfg g` oilmftdr bf hfbtf g` `lpb`i fsfbfrdfgi. (p. 60) _`jûn OBFG@F (=168), bf `b`vfgf tfsf g` pfrtdodpfodÿn `n bf r`g `lpr`sfrdfb, p`rldt`  p`rodmdr ni sÿbi bf ofpfodgfg `lpr`ng`girf `lpr`ng`girf g`b p`rufni, sdni simr` tigi bf `strft`jdf g` sup`rvdv`nodf oin bf qu` r`sping` f bf b f hfbtf g` `lpb`i `xdst`nt`. Bf lfyirìf g` `stfs p`qu`öfs undgfg`s `lpr`sfrdfb`s, luoefs v`o`s hfldbdfr`s, sin mfstfnt` hræjdb`s y td`n`n obfrfs g`sv`ntfkfs `n oufnti f foo`si f dnhirlfodÿn, priguoodÿn f jrfn `sofbf y foo`si fb orägdti i ofpdtfb eulfni g`mdgfl`nt` ofbdhdofgi, bdldtfodin`s qu` ni p`rldt`n su g`sfrribbi oilp`tdtdvi nd bf or`fodÿn g` lfyir vfbir fjr`jfgi. @sti oingdodinf su pr`s`nodf `n `b l`rofgi y bfs efo` luy vubn`rfmb`s hr`nt` f `so`nfrdis g` fp`rturf oil`rodf oil`rodfb,b, `n qu` g`mdgi f su bdldtfgf `sofbf ni td`n`n bfs oingdodin`s pfrf oilp`tdr. oilp`tdr. (p. =)

 

6? Fsdldsli, `b Ldndst`rdi g` bf Qriguoodÿn (=160 (=160)) fhdrlf qu` bfs privdnodfs qu` pr`s`ntfn un lfyir nûl`ri g` LDQTL@_ sin Bdlf, Fr`qudpf, Bf Bdm`rtfg, Ousoi y Qdurf, bfs qu` `n oinkunti oinstdtuy`n oinstdtuy`n `b 88,?% g`b ttitfb itfb g` bfs LDQTL@_ p`rufnfs. @xdst` un pr`gildndi `n bf r`jdÿn g` bf oistf `n oufnti f bf oino`ntrfodÿn g` `st` tdpi g` `lpr`sfs, `bbi jufrgf r`bfodÿn gdr`otf oin `b foo`si f l`rofgis læs flpbdis, o`rofnìf f pu`rtis pfrf bf b f `xpirtfodÿn, fsì oili `b lfyir foo`si f s`rvdodis y md`n`s pûmbdois `n `stfs r`jdin`s. (p. 660) Qir su pfrt`, Ointr`rfs, Bÿp`z y Libdnf (=16=) fhdrlfn qu` mfki gdstdntis ordt`rdis `oinÿldois efy un oinstfnt` pr`kudodi efodf bfs LDQTL@_, yf qu` bfs p`rodm`n oili `lpr`sfs r`trijrfgfs, bdldtfgfs, oin luoeis vdodis y piof rfodinfbdgfg `oinÿldof pir bi qu` g`t`rldnfn qu` bf sumsdst`nodf g` `stfs `n `b l`rofgi s` g`m` f hfotir`s oili `b ofpdtfb siodfb, oin od`rtfs bÿjdofs oilundtfrdfs y hfldbdfr`s, `s g`odr, oin `b t`kdgi siodfb læs prihungi `n unf gdl`nsdÿn oubturfb. (p. 6=1) Qir itri bfgi, Lfr`s y Lfsm`rnft (=16?), fs`v`rfn qu` bf LTQ@ pfrtdodpf `n præotdofl`nt` tigis bis s`otir`s, sd`ngi bis læs r`sfbtfnt`s `b s`otir fjrip`oufrdi, oil`rodi y s`rvdodis, g`mdgi prdnodpfbl`nt` f bf hfodbdgfg g` foo`g`r y sfbdr g` `stis s`otir`s, bi qu` sdjndhdof un l`nir oisti fb lil`nti g` oinstdtudr unf `lpr`sf g`gdofgf f `stis rumris, `n `st` punti `s dlpirtfnt` g`stfofr qu` g`ntri g` bis prdnodpfb`s s`otir`s `oinÿldois g` `xpirtfodÿn g` bfs LTQ@_ s` `nou`ntrfn bfs ni trfgdodinfb`s (priguotis g` irdj`n fndlfb y v`j`tfb fsì oili t`xtdb`s y oinh`oodin`s). Itris fsp`otis g` vdtfb dlpirtfnodf pfrf bfs LTQ@_ sin bis oinstfnt`s r`tis qu` g`m`n fhrintfr oili `b `sofsi foo`si f orägdtis, bi qu` ni p`rldt` qu` su priguotdvdgfg pu`gf dnor`l`ntfrs`. Fsì tflmdän, r`guodr `b fbti ndv`b g` lirtfngfg fb qu` td`n`n qu` `nhr`ntfrs` gdfrdfl`nt`, yf qu` g` ofgf 61 LTQ@_, sibi ? sup`rfn `b prdl`r föi, y g` `stfs, sibi 6 sup`rf bis gis föis, `sti g`lu`strf qu` `b prdl`r p`bgföi g`b s`otir `s luy hræjdb. Qir ûbtdli, g`mdgi f bis oinstfnt`s r`tis f bis oufb`s s` `nhr`ntf gdfrdfl`nt` bfs LTQ@_ `s dngdsp`nsfmb` qu` `b @stfgi jfrfntdo` qu` bfs r`jbfs g` ku`ji s`fn bfs ldslfs pfrf

 

67 tigis bis fotir`s `oinÿldois, `s g`odr, g`odr , qu` prilu`vf y fs`jur` unf oilp`t`nodf b`fb fb l`nis f tr`s ndv`b`s; @vdtfngi prdvdb`jdis f bis linipibdis y ibdjipibdis, gdsldnuy`ngi `b  piro`ntfk` g` bf LTQ@ LTQ@ dnhirlfb y oilmftd`ngi oilmftd`ngi `b ointrfmfngi y `b dnjr`si dnjr`si g` priguotis g`b `xt`rdir f pr`odi gulpdnj. (pp. ?-7) @n `st` ælmdti, `s dlpirtfnt` g`stfofr qu` s`jûn OBFG@F (=168), `stfs r`pr`s`ntfn `b 44,8% g`b s`otir `lpr`sfrdfb `n nu`stri pfìs, ging` `b s`otir t`xtdb g` bf oinh`oodÿn `s bf fotdvdgfg lfnuhfotur`rf oin lfyir r`b`vfnodf, oin 68% g` `lpr`sfs g`gdofgfs f bf hfmrdofodÿn g`  pr`ngfs g` v`stdr, v`stdr, `b 7:,5% g` bfs oufb`s oufb`s s` `nou`ntrfn `nou`ntrfn umdofgfs umdofgfs `n Bdlf. (p. 6) X`rjfrf (=11?) y [`vfbbis (=118) sistd`n`n qu` unf g` bfs g`sv`ntfkfs oilp`tdtdvfs qu` `nhr`ntfn bf lfyirìf g` bfs LDQTL@_ `n Flärdof Bftdnf `s bf hirlf g` j`stdÿn, luoefs v`o`s dnhirlfb y pioi prih`sdinfb, g`mdgi f un `sofsi oiniodld`nti g`b usi i utdbdgfg g` bfs gdv`rsfs e`rrfld`ntfs g` j`stdÿn `lpr`sfrdfb, bi oufb b` b ` r`stf `hdod`nodf, `hdofodf, r`ntfmdbdgfg y g`sfrribbi sist`ndgi. Fsdldsli, s` r`sfbtf `b ofræot`r e`t`rijän`i g` bis fotir`s g` `st` tdpi g` `lpr`sfs, hfotir`s oili `b tflföi g` bf `lpr`sf, bf `gfg g`b `lpr`sfrdi, su `xp`rd`nodf, su r`bfodÿn oin itris fotir`s, dnhrf`struoturf, `ntr` itris. (Odtfgi `n OBFG@F, =168) Qir itri bfgi, s`jûn ]ikfs (=16?), oiirgdnfgir g`b g`pfrtfl`nti g` dngustrdf g` bf v`stdl`ntf QrilQ`ru, ipdni qu` `b `v`nti Q`rû Ligf r`fbdzfgi fnufbl`nt` `s unf g` bfs prdnodpfb`s  pbftfhirlfs `n Bftdniflärdof Bftdniflärdof pfrf priliv`r bis n`jiodis g` bf dngustrdf dngustrdf g` bf v`stdl`ntf, yf yf qu` p`rldt` `stfmb`o`r r`bfodin`s oil`rodfb`s `ntr` bfs `lpr`sfs p`rufnfs læs r`oiniodgfs y oilprfgir`s g` gdstdntis gdstdntis pfìs`s `ntr` bis qu` r`sfbtfn Mrfsdb, @stfgis Pndgis Pndgis y Läxdoi. (p. =) _`jûn bf Oælfrf g` Oil`rodi g` Bdlf (=168), fhdrlf qu` bfs `xpirtfodin`s tuvd`rin un or`odld`nti oinstfnt` g`b =114 fb =16=. _dn `lmfrji, f pfrtdr g`b föi =16? s` gdi unf r`guoodÿn g`b vfbir g` `stfs. Fg`læs, nis dngdofn bf `xdst`nodf g` bfs pfrtdgfs oin lfyir`s v`ntfs `n `b l`rofgi `xt`rni, bfs oufb`s sin 8610.61.11.76 ‟  Ofldsfs  Ofldsfs g` punti, g` fbjigÿn,

 

60 oin fm`rturf g`bfnt`rf pfrodfb, oin ou`bbi y puöi g` t`kdgi fofnfbfgi `bæstdoi, g` t`kdgi g` un sibi oibir undhirl`, dnobudgis bis mbfnqu`fgis pfrf eilmr`s y 8610.=1.41.11  ‟  Ofldsfs  Ofldsfs g`  punti pfrf eilmr`s i ndöis, g` bfs g`læs hdmrfs sdntätdofs i frtdhdodfb`s. Qir ûbtdli, `st` `stugdi nis p`rldt` oinio`r bis prdnodpfb`s l`rofgis g` g`stdni `n `st` p`rdigi, bis oufb`s sin @stfgis Pndgis, Mrfsdb y Oibilmdf. (p. 65) Euflæn y ]ìis (=166) l`nodinfn qu` bfs LDQTL@_ g`b s`otir t`xtdb ou`ntfn oin unf s`rd` g` imk`tdvis `strftäjdois qu` b`s p`rldtf oulpbdr sus `xp`otftdvfs g` or`odld`nti f bfrji  pbfzi. Qfrf `bbi utdbdzfn `strft`jdfs qu` sin `b prdnodpfb l`gdi pir `b oufb bfs irjfndzfodin`s bijrfn sus pripÿsdtis. Fg`læs, `s dlpirtfnt` g`stfofr qu` bis fgldndstrfgir`s g` irjfndzfodin`s g`sfrribbfn unf s`ou`nodf bÿjdof `n su trfmfki3 `s g`odr, pbfndhdofn y g`odg`n qu` efo`r l`gdfnt` bf utdbdzfodÿn g` gdv`rsfs `strft`jdfs. Irjfndzfn, g`t`rldnfngi bfs fotdvdgfg`s f r`fbdzfr y `b irg`n qu` `stfs g`m`n t`n`r qu` s` r`hb`kf `n bf `struoturf g` bf `lpr`sf y qu` pist`rdirl`nt` sin ointribfgfs, oin `b hdn g` v`rdhdofr bis bijris oinhirl` f bi pbfn`fgi dndodfbl`nt`. (pp. 0=-86) @s fsì qu` `nhioænginis `n `st` oino`pti fhdrlflis qu` `b tdpi g` `strft`jdf utdbdzfgf pir `b s`otir t`xtdb `n nu`stri pfìs sin fqu`bbfs g`nildnfgfs oilp`tdtdvfs i j`närdofs, yf qu` hungfl`ntfbl`nt` `stæs s` ofrfot`rdzfn pir bf sftdshfoodÿn g` bis obd`nt`s fb priv``rbis g`  md`n`s i s`rvdodis, s`rvdodis, `lpb`fngi `lpb`fngi su v`ntfkf v`ntfkf oilp`tdtdvf, oilp`tdtdvf, `s g`odr, g` hirlf læs ``h`otdvf h`otdvf qu` bis oilp`tdgir`s i `lpr`sfs t`xtdb`s g` itrfs pfrt`s g`b lungi. Fg`læs, `stf `strft`jdf `stæ `nhiofgf `n bf gdh`r`nodfodÿn, pu`sti qu` `xdst` un jrfn pisdodinfld`nti y r`oiniodld`nti g` bf hdmrf g` fbjigÿn g` nu`stris t`xtdb`s `n `b l`rofgi `xt`rdir, bi qu` p`rldt` qu` `st` l`rofgi s`f ftrfotdvi pfrf oinsuldgir`s qu` musofn priguotis g` fbtf ofbdgfg y qu` s` v` obfrfl`nt` fbdn`fgi oin bis gdv`rsis prio`sis g` bf dngustrdf, prdnodpfbl`nt` `b g`  priguoodÿn, yf yf qu` `s `st` `b qu` qu` s` `nofrjf `nofrjf g` bf `bfmirfodÿn `bfmirfodÿn hdnfb g`b priguoti. priguoti.

 

68 Qfrf pig`r bijrfr unf v`rgfg`rf `strft`jdf g` gdh`r`nodfodÿn s` td`n` qu` dnoirpirfr t`onibijìf, `n bf priguoodÿn g` bf lft`rdf prdlf, p`ri tflmdän `n `b gds`öi, `n `b oirt` y `n itrfs ær`fs g`b  prio`si priguotdvi. Q`rû `s un pfìs g` oubturf edstÿrdof, ouyf trfgdodÿn t`xtdb s` r`lintf f bf äpiof pr`dnof, y bfs efmdbdgfg`s pfrf bfs b fs bfmir`s fsiodfgfs f bf oinh`oodÿn g` pr`ngfs s` hu`rin  pit`nodfngi g` j`n`rfodÿn `n j`n`rfodÿn, prio`si qu` ef oins`judgi bf t`ondhdofodÿn sdn sfordhdofr præotdofs fno`strfb`s irjændofs, dnioufs pfrf `b l`gdi flmd`nt`. @xobusdvfl`nt` efmræ unf oilpb`tf gdh`r`nodfodÿn sd s` bijrf or`fr un priguoti qu` s`f siodfbl`nt` r`spinsfmb`, f trfväs g` un prio`si priguotdvi qu` ni j`n`r` dlpfotis n`jftdvis `n `b l`gdi flmd`nt`. Bf dg`ntdgfg p`rufnf s` ef vdsti hfvir`odgf oin `b miil jfstrinÿldoi y fotufbl`nt` s` vfbirf luoei læs qu` fnt`s bf priguoodÿn nfodinfb, s` r`oinio` bf ofbdgfg `n nu`stris  priguotis mfng`rf y bf lfni g` imrf pfrf bf `bfmirfodÿn g` nu`stris priguotis. Qfrf `b ofsi `sp`oìhdoi g` bf dngustrdf t`xtdb, s` dg`ntdhdofn d g`ntdhdofn hirtfb`zfs oili trfy`otirdf bfmirfb y `lpr`sfrdfb, ofbdgfg g` fbjigÿn y tflmdän bf b f lfni g` imrf `n bis fofmfgis.

6.= Bf Dnhirlfbdgfg `n bfs LDQTL@_ Liræn (=11?) ipdnf qu`; @b h`nÿl`ni g` bf dnhirlfbdgfg oilpr`ng` `b oinkunti g` fotdvdgfg`s `oinÿldofs futi j`n`rfgfs pir bf pimbfodÿn, prdnodpfbl`nt` `n bfs zinfs urmfnfs `n jrfn pfrt` ldjrfnt`s g` bfs zinfs rurfb`s g`nildnfgfs dnhirlfb`s,  pir ni fkustfrs` f bis pftrin`s g` `lpr`sf y `lpb`i qu` s` oinioìfn  pr`vdfl`nt`. (p. 61) _`jûn Frmfdzf (=115), `b oino`pti g` dnhirlfbdgfg lu`strf ouftri v`rtd`nt`s mæsdofs, `s pir `bbi, qu` ni oinobuy` `n un sibi oino`pti. f) @h`oti g` bis oflmdis g`lijræhdois y bf dnofpfodgfg g`b s`otir lig`rni g` fmsirm`r bf hu`rzf g` trfmfki.

 

6:  m) ]`subtfgi g` bf `xpbitfodÿn gg`b `b trfmfki pir `b ofpdtfb. ofpdtfb. o) Oins`ou`nodf g`b g`s`lpb`i dn`hdod`nt` g`b @stfgi y `b `xo`si g` nirlfs y r`jubfodin`s simr` `b ofpdtfb. g) Pn nu`vi «ligi g` priguoodÿn³ `n `b oufb s` r`bfodinfn eulfndstfl`nt` y `n hirlf gdh`r`nt` `b ofpdtfb y `b trfmfki. @n r`bfodÿn f nu`stri pfìs oinsdg`rf r`b`vfnt` gis `nhiqu`s. @b prdl`ri `s `b ful`nti g` bf hu`rzf g` trfmfki i lfni g` imrf ointrf bf `sofsf ofpfodgfg pfrf oumrdr `st` `xo`g`nt`. @b s`jungi `s bf fus`nodf g` un @stfgi qu` pripinjf un lfroi b`jfb pfrf qu` p`rldtf fb odugfgfni foo`g`r f bf hirlfbdgfg, sdn t`n`r qu` dnourrdr `n trældt`s `njirrisis y oistisis,  pirqu` s`jûn s`jûn su pisdodÿn s`r pfrt` g`b lungi lungi hirlfb td`n` un `b`vfgi `b`vfgi pr`odi y suhr` g` piof r`sdst`nodf y `hdofodf. (p. 647) _ffv`grf (=168), fhdrlf qu` `b Q`rû hunodinf fotufbl`nt` oin 8,8 ldbbin`s g` undgfg`s  priguotdvfs g`s`nvibvdängis` g`s`nvibvdängis` `n `b s`otir  dnhirlfb   dnhirlfb g` bf `oinilìf, bfs qu` r`pr`s`ntfn unf qudntf pfrt` g`b priguoti mruti dnt`rni (QMD) g`b pfìs. _`jûn un dnhirl` pr`pfrfgi pir `b DN@D, `b  DN@D,   bfs qu` `stæn `n bf dnhirlfbdgfg sin undgfg`s g` mfkf priguotdvdgfg bfmirfb, `qudvfb`nt` f un t`rodi g` bf priguotdvdgfg bfmirfb titfb g` bf `oinilìf y f un qudnti g` bf priguotdvdgfg g`b s`otir hirlfb. @b s`otir dnhirlfb `s lfyir, `n fpirt`, `n bf fotdvdgfg fjrip`oufrdf y p`sof, ging` bb`jf fb 46% g`b titfb g` `lpr`sfs, `n r`stfurfnt` y fbikfld`nti `b 71% `s dnhirlfb, trfnspirt`s y oilundofodin`s (?8%), oil`rodi (=8%), oinstruoodÿn (64%) y lfnuhfoturf (61%). _dn `lmfrji, s`jûn `b Ldndst`rdi g` bf Qriguoodÿn (=160) bf _up`rdnt`ng`nodf Nfodinfb g` Fgufnfs y g` Fgldndstrfodÿn Wrdmutfrdf (_unft), `ntr` `ntr ` `b föi =161 y =167, bf dnhirlfbdgfg ef gdsldnudgi `n un 6?.0%, bi qu` `s sutdbl`nt` oinhirtfgir pfrf `b @stfgi. Ni imstfnt`, fb föi =167, fûn `xdst` un 08.6 % g` dnhirlfbdgfg `n `b pfìs y `sti hirlf un prihungi dlpfoti `n `b

 

65 g`sfrribbi g` `st`, `b ldsli qu` ni p`rldt` f bf siod`gfg fvfnzfr lfnt`nd`ngi tfnti f bfs  p`rsinfs y `lpr`sfs `n un oìroubi oìroubi n`jftdvi, n`jftdvi, g` pimr`zf y mbiqu`fngi `b prijr`si. (p. 6?7) _`jûn Xfb`nodf (=160), dngdof qu` bf dnhirlfbdgfg `s uni g` bis jrfng`s primb`lfs qu` efy `n `b Q`rû. Pn primb`lf g` jflf lubtdgdl`nsdinfb qu` `stæ pr`s`nt` `n gdstdntis s`otir`s g` bf `oinilìf. Bf `xdst`nodf g` s`otir`s dnhirlfb`s `n bf `oinilìf `s gfödni pfrf `b g`sfrribbi g`b pfìs, yf qu` ni sibi p`rkugdof fb hdsoi pir bf gdsldnuodÿn g` bis dlpu`stis, sdni tflmdän fh`otf f bf pimbfodÿn fb qu`gfr hu`rf g` bis m`n`hdodis pripdis g` bf hirlfbdgfg oili; pbfn`s g` p`nsdin`s y s`juri g` sfbug. Fg`læs, bf dnhirlfbdgfg tflmdän j`n`rf un primb`lf g` oilp`tdtdvdgfg, yf qu` bfs `lpr`sfs hirlfb`s oilpdt`n `n gdspfrdgfg g` oingdodin`s, pu`sti qu` ld`ntrfs bfs `lpr`sfs hirlfb`s oulpb`n oin ofrjfs trdmutfrdfs qu` dlpbdofn un lfyir oisti, bfs dnhirlfb`s s` ‒feirrfn“ gdoei oisti. Fgdodinfbl`nt`, fb ni pig`r oimrfr bis

dlpu`stis fb s`otir dnhirlfb, bis jimd`rnis su`b`n ful`ntfr bf ofrjf trdmutfrdf (tfnti `n lintis oili `n hdsofbdzfodÿn y r`ofugfodÿn) f bfs `lpr`sfs hirlfb`s. @n nu`stri pfìs, bf lfyirìf lfyirìf g` `lpb`is y `b lfyir piro`ntfk` g` `lpr`sfs s` `nou`ntrfn g`ntri g`b jrupi g` bfs ldori, p`qu`öfs y l`gdfnfs `lpr`sfs (LDQTL@_). Fotufbl`nt`, læs g`b 40% g`b s`otir `oinÿldoi nfodinfb `stæ g`ntri g` bfs LDQTL@_3 y, bi qu` sì `s pr`ioupfnt`, `s qu` læs g`b 51% g` bfs LDQTL@_ sin dnhirlfb`s. (pp. ?-66) _`jûn bf Irjfndzfodÿn Dnt`rnfodinfb g`b Wrfmfki  ‟   IDW (=167), unf g` bfs mfrr`rfs læs dlpirtfnt`s f bf hirlfbdgfg sin bis `b`vfgis dlpu`stis `n un 81%, y `n un ?4% `b fbti ndv`b g` oirrupodÿn `xdst`nt` `n nu`stri pfìs. Pn obfri `k`lpbi g` `bbi `s `b p`rhdb ofstdjfgir qu` fpfr`ntf bf _PNFW fb p`qu`öi ointrdmuy`nt`, ointrd muy`nt`, yf qu` ni sibi ofstdjf oin lubtfs oufngi unf LDQTL@ `vfg` sus imbdjfodin`s trdmutfrdfs `oinÿldofs, sdni tflmdän `b dnoulpbdld`nti g` hirlfbdslis (pir `k`lpbi, `b dnoirr`oti bb`nfgi g` un hirlubfrdi), p`s` f qu` lft`rdfbl`nt` s` oulpb` oin bf imbdjfodÿn trdmutfrdf. @sti tflmdän g`sdno`ntdvf `b pfsi f bf hirlfbdgfg g` luoefs `lpr`sfs p`rufnfs. (pp. 6=-67)

 

64 Frmfdzf (=115), fhdrlf qu` `n j`n`rfb bis trfmfkfgir`s oin lfyir ndv`b g` `guofodÿn n`o`sdtfn r`ourrdr l`nis fb trfmfki dnhirlfb g`mdgi f bf pisdodÿn g` v`ntfkf qu` `st` hfotir b` itirjf. Qir `ng`, t`ngræ vdtfb dlpirtfnodf bfs gdh`r`nodfs g` priguotdvdgfg qu` s` ims`rvfrfn `ntr` pfìs`s qu` ou`ntfn oin un ofpdtfb eulfni ofbdhdofgi `n t`lfs oili sfbug, `xp`rd`nodf y `guofodÿn hirlfb hr`nt` f itri qu` ni ou`ntf oin `st` tdpi g` ofpdtfb. @sti td`n` r`bfodÿn gdr`otf oin `b oìroubi vdodisi qu` s` hirlf `n nu`strf `oinilìf, yf qu` unf `sofsf ofbdhdofodÿn `n `b ofpdtfb eulfni oinbb`vf f qu` bis trfmfkfgir`s t`njfn r`lun`rfodin`s mfkfs y `n su g`h`oti of`r `n `b s`otir dnhirlfb.

6.? Oilp`tdtdvdgfg `n bfs LDQTL@_ Lfrtìn`z, Bÿp`z y Läng`z (=166) g`hdn`n f bf oilp`tdtdvdgfg oili `b jrfgi `n qu` un pfìs, @stfgi, r`jdÿn i `lpr`sf priguo` md`n`s i s`rvdodis mfki oingdodin`s g` bdmr` l`rofgi, `nhr`ntfngi bf oilp`t`nodf g` bis l`rofgis nfodinfb`s ` dnt`rnfodinfb`s, l`kirfngi g` lfn`rf sdlubtæn`f bis dnjr`sis r`fb`s g` sus `lpb`fgis y oins`ou`nt`l`nt` bf priguotdvdgfg g` sus `lpr`sfs. Fg`læs, dngdof qu` bfs `lpr`sfs oilp`tdtdvfs efo`n r`jdin`s y nfodin`s  pis``girfs g` `stf oufbdgfg, tfn dlpirtfnt` `n `b lungi fotufb, bi qu` gf oili r`subtfgis  pfìs`s oin lfyir lfyir rdqu`zf pfrf sus sus efmdtfnt`s y lfyir md`n`stfr j`n`rfb. j`n`rfb. (p. 67) _uöib (=118), fhdrlf qu` pr`gildnf bf dg`f qu` pfrf qu` bfs `lpr`sfs bijr`n lfyir oilp`tdtdvdgfg r`qud`r`n sdlpb`l`nt` un ful`nti sist`ndgi g` bf dnv`rsdÿn y bf fp`rturf oil`rodfb. _dn `lmfrji, un fnæbdsds g` `st` tärldni vdsti g`sg` bf ÿptdof g` gdh`r`nt`s futir`s,  p`rldtdræ oilprimfr qu` `b ldsli `s læs rdoi qu` bi qu` oilûnl`nt` s` `ntd`ng` y qu` oins`judr unf futäntdof oilp`tdtdvdgfg sist`ndmb` f trfväs g`b td`lpi td `lpi `xdj` bf dlpb`l`ntfodÿn vdtfb g` flmis hfotir`s l`nodinfgis fnt`rdirl`nt` y g` unf vfrd`gfg g` pibìtdofs qu` p`rldtfn bf sup`rfodÿn g` bis imstæoubis `xdst`nt`s pfrf bijrfrbf.

 

=1 @s pir `bbi qu` `s dlpirtfnt` oinio`r fo`rof g` gis g` bis hfotir`s læs dlpirtfnt`s pfrf bijrfr bf oilp`tdtdvdgfg `n bfs `lpr`sfs. @b prdl`r hfotir f `xpbdofr `s `b g`pfrtfl`nti g` hdnfnzfs, yf qu` s`jûn bf Pndv`rsdgfg Dnt`rfl`rdofnf pfrf `b G`sfrribbi - PNDG (=167), `b ær`f g` hdnfnzfs `s g`hdndgf oili fqu`bbf od`nodf qu` `stugdf bf oirr`otf fgldndstrfodÿn g` bis vfbir`s g` unf `ntdgfg `oinÿldof, yf s`f un dngdvdgui i unf `lpr`sf, `sti td`n` qu` v`r prdnodpfbl`nt` oin bis hbukis g` `h`otdvi, bf hirlf h irlf `n qu` s` imtd`n`n y bf fgldndstrfodÿn g` `stis, `s g`odr, bf hirlf `n oÿli s` jfstfn i r`ntfmdbdzfn pfrf qu` s` pu`gfn oulpbdr bis b is imk`tdvis `oinÿldois. `oinÿldois. Fsdldsli `s dlpirtfnt` g`t`rldnfr bfs prdnodpfb`s hunodin`s oin bfs oufb`s ou`ntf `stf ær`f oili `stfmb`o`r `b pbfn hdnfnod`ri g` or`odld`nti or`odld`nti g` bf `lpr`sf, ofptfr y fsdjnfr bis r`oursis qu` bf `lpr`sf n`o`sdtf pfrf su hunodinfld`nti y ointdnudgfg ip`rftdvf, bijrfr `b ÿptdli fpriv`oefld`nti g` gdoeis r`oursis y tilfr g`odsdin`s g` hdnfnodfld`nti y rd`sji `n `b l`rofgi. Fg`læs, bis imk`tdvis vdstis g`sg` un `nhiqu` hdnfnod`ri s` mfsfn `n bf lfxdldzfodÿn g` v`ntfs i ouitfs g` l`rofgi, bi qu` f su v`z s` bijrf pripirodinfngi  priguotis y s`rvdodis g` ofbdgfg. (pp. 7-0) 7-0) _`jûn un dnhirl` g` @NF@] (=160), fhdrlf qu` `b ær`f oil`rodfb `s fqu`bbf qu` s` r`spinsfmdbdzf g`b prio`si g` v`ntf y pist v`ntf g` bfs `lpr`sfs, `s fsì qu` td`n` gdstdntfs hunodin`s oili g`sfrribbfr, `k`outfr y ointribfr `b pbfn g` v`ntfs g` bf `lpr`sf, lfn`kfr dngdofgir`s g` j`stdÿn g`b pbfn g` v`ntfs, oitdzfodin`s `ldtdgfs y jfrfntìfs, lfnt`n`r oinstfnt`  pr`s`nodf oin bis obd`nt`s obd`nt`s pfrf ft`ng`r sus r`qu`rdld`ntis r`qu`rdld`ntis y r`obflis fn fnt` t` oufbqud`r sdtufodÿn y v`bfr pir bf b f lfnt`nodÿn y fotufbdzfodÿn g` bf mfs` g` gftis oil`rodfb. (pp.6-=)

6.7 Qrio`sis `n bfs LDQTL@_ _`jûn Buofs (=167), g`hdn` f bis prio`sis oili s`ou`nodfs irg`nfgfs y bÿjdofs g` fotdvdgfg`s g` trfnshirlfodÿn qu` pfrt`n g` unfs `ntrfgfs (hdoefs, (hd oefs, g`sordpodin`s, læqudnfs, gdspisdtdvis, lft`rdfs prdlfs, `to.) pfrf fbofnzfr bis r`subtfgis g`s`fgis, qu` s` `ntr`jfn f qud`n`s bi efn

 

=6 sibdodtfgi, `stis sin, bis obd`nt`s g` ofgf prio`si. Fg`læs, `s dlpirtfnt` r`ofbofr qu` `xdst`n gis tdpis g` prio`sis, bis dngustrdfb`s `n bis qu` `ntrfn y sfb`n lft`rdfb`s y bis g` j`stdÿn `n bis qu` `ntrfn y sfb` dnhirlfodÿn i s`rvdodis. (pp. =5-?5) Fsdldsli, s`jûn `st` priy`oti `xdst`n gdh`r`nt`s tdpis g` prio`sis qu` pfrf s`r g`t`otfgis `n unf irjfndzfodÿn `s n`o`sfrdi r`hb`xdinfr pr`vdfl`nt` `n bfs pisdmb`s fjrupfodin`s `n bfs qu` pu`g`n `nofkfr gdoeis prio`sis. @b tdpi g` fjrupfodÿn pu`g` y g`m` s`r `stfmb`odgi pir bf `lpr`sf, ni `xdstd`ngi pfrf `bbi `bb i ndnjunf r`jbf `sp`oìhdof. _dn `lmfrji, bf fjrupfodÿn usfgf oilûnl`nt` `s fqu`bbf oinhirlfgf pir tr`s tdpis td pis g` prio`sis, bis oufb`s sin prio`sis obfv`s u ip`rftdvis qu` sin fqu`bbis bdjfgis gdr`otfl`nt` oin bf r`fbdzfodÿn g`b priguoti y/i bf  pr`stfodÿn g`b s`rvdodi, pir bi tfnti, hirlfn bf rfzÿn g` s`r g` bf irjfndzfodÿn, `b sdjud`nt` tdpi sin bis prio`sis prio`sis g` sipirt` i fpiy fpiyii qu` sin fqu`bbis qu` hhfodbdtfn fodbdtfn `b g`sfrribbi g` bfs fotdvdgfg`s qu` oinhirlfn bis prio`sis obfv`s, gfngi sipirt` f bis ldslis, y j`n`rfn vfbir föfgdgi fb obd`nt` dnt`rni dnt`r ni g`ntri g` `st` jrupi `stf fqu`bbis prio`sis qu` `stæn r`bfodinfgis f bf j`stdÿn g` r`oursis eulfnis, sdst`lfs g` dnhirlfodÿn, hdnfnod`rf, bijìstdof, oil`rodfb. Qir ûbtdli, s` `nou`ntrfn bis prio`sis `strftäjdois qu` sin fqu`bbis qu` `stæn r`bfodinfgis hungfl`ntfbl`nt` oin bf gdr`oodÿn, irjfndzfodÿn, pbfndhdofodÿn y `strft`jdf g` bf irjfndzfodÿn. _`jûn Fjudbfr (=16?), bfs `lpr`sfs u irjfndzfodin`s g`p`ng`n g` sus prio`sis pfrf s`r `hdod`nt`s pir bi qu` `stis g`m`n `stfr g`mdgfl`nt` dg`ntdhdofgis y j`stdinfgis `n musof g` unf l`kirf ointdnuf. @s pir `bbi qu` pfrf bijrfr `sf l`kirf p`rlfn`nt` `s hungfl`ntfb bf l`gdodÿn g` ofgf prio`si, bi oufb s` pu`g` r`fbdzfr f trfväs g` dngdofgir`s qu` lu`str`n su g`s`lp`öi dngdvdgufb, oin `b hdn g` pig`r tilfr foodin`s oirr`otdvfs i pr`v`ntdvfs pr` v`ntdvfs s`jûn s`f n`o`sfrdi. (pp. 6-?) @s fsì qu` `nhioænginis `n bf dg`f fnt`rdirl`nt` l`nodinfgf, bis prio`sis g`m`n s`r j`stdinfgis `n musof unf l`kirf ointdnuf, bi qu` efo` o`ntrfrnis `n bf `xpbdofodÿn g` od`rtfs

 

== ær`fs hungfl`ntfb`s. _`jûn Bip` (=16?), dngdof qu` r`oursis eulfnis `s `b g`pfrtfl`nti g`ntri g` unf `lpr`sf qu` s` `nofrjf g` bf j`stdÿn y fgldndstrfodÿn g` p`rsinfb. Fg`læs, oin `b pfsfr g`b td`lpi `stf ær`f ef fsuldgi itrfs hunodin`s oili bf s`b`oodÿn g` p`rsinfb  pfrf bf `lpr`sf, litdvfodÿn pfrf lfnt`n`r sftdsh`oei fb p`rsinfb y pig`r oins`judr bis imk`tdvis imk`td vis g` bf irjfndzfodÿn, `sti f trfväs g` bf mûsqu`gf oinstfnt`

g` bfs l`kir`s

oingdodin`s g` trfmfki, `s dlpirtfnt` foitfr qu` `stf dnv`stdjfodÿn fhdrlf qu` bis r`oursis eulfnis `s unf g` bfs e`rrfld`ntfs læs vfbdisfs y `h`otdvfs oin bfs qu` ou`ntf unf irjfndzfodÿn. Fsdldsli, dngdof qu` bfs jrfng`s `lpr`sfs su`b`n ointfr oin ær`fs luy md`n `struoturfgfs pfrf lfn`kfr `s` fsp`oti. _dn `lmfrji, bfs p`qu`öfs y l`gdfnfs `lpr`sfs `n su lfyirìf s` `nou`ntrfn g`sprivdstfs g` `st` fpiyi, yf qu` bis r`oursis `oinÿldois sin bdldtfgis y sin ird`ntfgis efodf ær`fs g` lfyir urj`nodf, `sti s` vu`bv` un hfotir oruodfb,  pu`sti qu` `st` g`pfrtfl`nti g`pfrtfl`nti dlpubsf f bf `lpr`sf f ndv`b`s fbtis g` priguotdvdgfg y ofbdgfg, ofbdgfg, f trfväs g`b p`rsinfb. (p.0) _`jûn P_FDG (=166), g`hdn` oili pfrt` g` bf j`r`nodf g` bf ofg`nf g` suldndstri qu`  pbfndhdof, dlpb`l`ntf y ointribf bis hbukis g` gdstrdmuodÿn, yf s`f efodf `b obd`nt` i `b  priv``gir, oin `b hdn g` qu` s`fn `hdod`nt`s `hdod`nt`s y `hdofo`s. `hdofo`s. Gdoef g` itrf lfn`rf lfn`rf `b ær`f bijìstdof dnobuy` bf oufntdhdofodÿn, fgqudsdodÿn, bf fgldndstrfodÿn g` bis dnv`ntfrdis, `b trfnspirt` y bf j`stdÿn g`b hb`t`, fsì oili bf r`oib`oodÿn g` gftis y `b r`pirt` g` bf dnhirlfodÿn. Fg`læs, `stf ær`f `s dlpirtfnt` pirqu` ful`ntf bf `hdofodf y `hdod`nodf g` bis oistis f trfväs g` bf r`guoodÿn g` pärgdgfs pir simr`fmfst`odld`nti, g`s`oeis, v`nodld`ntis, gföis, prit`j` bfs dnv`rsdin`s g` itris jrfng`s priy`otis y lfxdldzf `b pit`nodfb g` r`oup`rfodÿn g` oistis. Qir ûbtdli, oinio`r`lis `b ær`f g` priguoodÿn, bf oufb s` `nofrjf g` bf r`fbdzfodÿn g`b  priguoti, bis oist`s y g` itris hfotir`s qu` dnt`rvd`n`n `n bf `bfmirfodÿn g`b ldsli. @s pir `bbi qu` `n `stf ær`f s` r`fbdzf `b fnæbdsds y ointrib g` bi qu` s` hfmrdof, l`gdodÿn g`b trfmfki, hirlfs g` trfmfkfr, edjd`n` y s`jurdgfg dngustrdfb, ointrib g` bf priguoodÿn y g` bis dnv`ntfrdis d nv`ntfrdis

 

=? y ointrib g` ofbdgfg, `s g`odr, `s `b g`pfrtfl`nti qu` s` `nofrjf g` `bfmirfr un priguoti g` ofbdgfg oin `b l`nir oist` pisdmb` f trfväs g`b ointrib g` bis hfotir`s fnt`rdirl`nt` l`nodinfgis.

6.0 J`stdÿn `n bfs LDQTL@_ _`jûn Fvibdi, L`sin`s y ]iof (=166), g`ntri g` bis hfotir`s fgldndstrftdvis qu` bdldtfn `b or`odld`nti g` bfs LTQ@_, s` `nou`ntrfn frjul`ntis dlpirtfnt`s r`bfodinfgis oin bf j`stdÿn g` r`oursis eulfnis, t`lfs ointfmb`s y hdnfnod`ris, bf fgldndstrfodÿn pripdf g` sus n`jiodis y bf ofpfodtfodÿn. Bfs LTQ@_ sin, `n su lfyirìf, g` tdpi hfldbdfr, bbii qu` trf` oinsdji qu` bf  p`rsinf qu` supbf fb `lpr`sfrdi g` `stf, luoefs v`o`s, ni ou`nt` oin unf pr`pfrfodÿn oirr`otf. Qir `st` litdvi, litd vi, bis ldori`lpr`sfrdis `sp`rfn qu` bis suo`sir`s s`fn sus edkis, edk is, pfrf qu` læs fg`bfnt` til`n `b ointrib g` bf `lpr`sf oin prih`sdinfbdsli. Bf j`n`rfodÿn g` ofpdtfb eulfni qu` ointdnû` bf suo`sdÿn g` bf `lpr`sf y qu` s`f ofpfz g` trfmfkfr t rfmfkfr djufb qu` sus hungfgir`s pfr`o` s`r uni g` bis prdnodpfb`s primb`lfs `n `st` tdpi g` `lpr`sfs. Fg`læs, Fg`læs, bf hfbtf g` ofpfodtfodÿn y g` `ntr`nfld`nti g` sus ld`lmris tflmdän oinstdtuy` unf mfrr`rf dlpirtfnt` `xpr`sfgf pir bis ldslis `lpr`sfrdis. Fb r`sp`oti, uni g` bis dnhirlfnt`s l`nodinÿ; Gdis qud`rf qu` pigflis dnt`rnfodinfbdzfrnis, funqu` pfrf `si tflmdän t`n`lis qu` v`r qu` bis edkis `stugd`n. _ì, qu` `stugd`n, qu` sfbjfn fg`bfnt` tflmdän, y `b n`jiodi tflmdän td`n` qu` or`o`r, pirqu` yi fb l`nis yf `stiy un pioi g` mfkfgdtf. @bbis td`n`n qu` sfofr fg`bfnt` `b n`jiodi. Fsdldsli, g` fou`rgi oin bis dnhirlfnt`s, pfr`o`rìf qu` bis `lpr`sfrdis td`n`n oili imk`tdvi oilûn imt`n`r utdbdgfg`s `n `b l`nir td`lpi pisdmb` sdn unf vdsdÿn g` bfrji pbfzi, bf j`stdÿn g` r`oursis eulfnis dnhbuy` `n `b or`odld`nti fun sd`ngi dnhirlfb, bf ofpfodtfodÿn f sus trfmfkfgir`s sibi s` r`fbdzf fb dndodi g`b vìnoubi bfmirfb y bis fsp`otis litdvfodinfb`s `stæn sdlpb`l`nt` r`bfodinfgis oin bis pfjis `xtrfs pir oulpbdld`nti g`b trfmfki. ]`sp`oti f bis fsp`otis hdnfnod`ris y ointfmb`s, bf fg`oufgf

 

=7 fgldndstrfodÿn hdnfnod`rf oinstdtuy` uni g` sus prdnodpfb`s r`tis. Bf hfbtf g` pr`pfrfodÿn `n `stis fsp`otis, undgf fb ndv`b g` dnhirlfbdgfg g` luoefs g` sus ip`rfodin`s, j`n`rf qu` ni ou`nt`n oin r`spfbgi suhdod`nt` pfrf sus ip`rfodin`s hdnfnod`rfs. Bf ointfmdbdgfg `s r`b`vfnt` sibi pfrf oulpbdr oin bis oilprildsis trdmutfrdis3 bb`vfn un ointrib g` bis dnjr`sis y `jr`sis `n oufg`rnis i dnobusi g` lfn`rf l`ntfb y bis oæboubis fprixdlfgis sin væbdgis y suhdod`nt`s. Qir `bbi, `b Q`rû s` ofrfot`rdzf pir t`n`r un jrfn piro`ntfk` g` `lpr`ng`gir`s, pir bi oufb  pr`gildnfn bfs ldori, p`qu`öfs y l`gdfnfs `lpr`sfs (LDQTL@_) `n nu`stri pfìs. _dn `lmfrji, bis `lpr`sfrdis ni fpu`stfn pir l`kirfr bf j`stdÿn g` bis gdstdntis prio`sis qu` fmfrofn `st` tdpi g` `lpr`sfs, g`sg` bf j`stdÿn g` r`oursis eulfnis efstf bf j`stdÿn hdnfnod`rf3 hfotir`s qu` p`rldt`n bijrfr qu` bf `lpr`sf s`f oilp`tdtdvf pir pis``r un mu`n ndv`b t`onibÿjdoi i pir ihr`o`r priguotis g` ofbdgfg fb oinsuldgir hdnfb. Fg`læs, `s vdtfb s`öfbfr qu` un jrfn piro`ntfk` g` bfs b fs LDQTL@_ `xdst`nt`s `n nu`stri pfìs ni fpriv`oefn bfs t`onibijìfs g` bf dnhirlfodÿn, bi qu` j`n`rf qu` ni bijr`n un jrfn g`sfrribbi. _`jûn ]ikfs (=167), r`v`bf qu` ofgf tr`s g` odnoi LDQTL@_ ni efo` usi g` s`rvdodis g` oilputfodÿn `n bf num` (Obiug Oilputdnj), f p`sfr g` bi m`n`hdodisi qu` `s pfrf sus fotdvdgfg`s. ‒@b `stugdi listrfrìf qu` bfs LDQTL@_ qu` l`kir fpriv`oefn bfs

t`onibijìfs g` bf dnhirlfodÿn r`jdstrfrìfn lfyir g`sfrribbi, fb djufb qu` iourr` `n itris  pfìs`s“.  _`jûn bis futir`s Kfoqu`s, Odsn`ris y L`kìf (=166), s`öfbfn qu` `xdst`n tr`s hfotir`s obfv`s qu` p`rldt`n l`gdr `b ndv`b g` bf j`stdÿn g` bfs `lpr`sfs, bis oufb`s `stæn oinhirlfgis pir bf `hdofodf; qu` s` g`hdn` g`hd n` efmdtufbl`nt` oili bf r`bfodÿn `ntr` bbis is r`pirt`s `h`otufgis fo`rof g` un g`t`rldnfgi nûl`ri g` dngdofgir`s y `b vfbir g`s`fgi pfrf `stis ldslis ordt`rdis `n hunodÿn g` bis imk`tdvis g`b gdrdj`nt`, i bi b i qu` `s bi ldsli, g` bf vdsdÿn `strftäjdof y ip`rftdvf qu` äst` pis`` g` su irjfndzfodÿn. Pnf QTL@ s` oinsdg`rf `hdofz oufngi fbofnzf sus imk`tdvis, ` dn`hdofz `n ofsi ointrfrdi. Bis ordt`rdis utdbdzfgis pfrf l`gdr `b jrfgi g` `hd `hdofodf ofodf

 

=0 g` bf QTL@ sin nul`risis3 fh`otfn fb oinkunti g` bf `lpr`sf i tfn sÿbi f fbjunis g` sus oilpin`nt`s (`n `s` ofsi, bis imk`tdvis s` fbdn`fn oin bis imk`tdvis læs jbimfb`s). Wflmdän s` r`bfodinfn, `n hunodÿn g` ofgf ofsi, oin tigf bf QTL@ i oin fbjunis g` sus su s pfrtdodpfnt`s `lpr`sfrdfb`s, yf qu` ästis g`p`ng`n unis g` itris. @b s`jungi hfotir td`n` r`bfodÿn oin bf `hdod`nodf, bf oufb fyugf f s`judr bf hirlf `n bf qu` bf `lpr`sf oinsul` sus l`gdis g`  priguoodÿn oin r`sp`oti r`sp`oti f bfs nirlfs qu` p`rldt`n s`judr sd`ngi sd`ngi oilp`tdtdvis `n `b s`otir g` fotdvdgfg y `b s`jl`nti g`b l`rofgi imk`tdvi. Qfrf ofgf dngdofgir, nis r`h`rdlis fb ndv`b qu` fbofnzfn bis l`kir`s oilp`tdgir`s `n `b s`otir g` fotdvdgfg g` bf QTL@, yf qu` s` trftf g` bfs nirlfs f r`sp`tfr r `sp`tfr pfrf p`rlfn`o`r `n `b l`rofgi. Wigi `b sdst`lf g` pbfn`fodÿn g` bf QTL@ g`m`ræ efo`r r`h`r`nodf f `sfs nirlfs, ouyf ims`rvfnodf `s dngdsp`nsfmb` pfrf jfrfntdzfr bf ointdnudgfg, yf qu` `b sdst`lf oilp`tdtdvi `n `vibuodÿn s` `nofrjfræ g` ou`stdinfr `stf ûbtdlf g` lfn`rf oinstfnt`. Qir bi tfnti, bis dngdofgir`s g` l`gdgf jufrgfn r`bfodÿn tfnti oin bis jfstis j`n`rfb`s, qu` efy qu` ointribfr, oili oin bfs nirlfs g` oinsuli g` ofgf uni g` bis l`gdis g` priguoodÿn (bis (b is g` bfs gdstdntfs lft`rdfs oinsuldmb`s, prdlfrdfs i dnt`rl`gdfs, `lpb`i g` bf b f lfni g` imrf gdr`otf, `toät`rf). Oufnti læs dlpirtfnt`s s`fn bfs gdh`r`nodfs `ntr` bis bijris y bfs nirlfs (`n tfb ofsi, s` oinsdg`rfn gdh`r`nodfs fnirlfb`s), læs dn`hdod`nt` s` oinsdg`rfræ bf QTL@, simr` tigi sd  pr`s`ntf gdh`r`nodfs g`shfvirfmb`s oin r`sp`oti f bf nirlf, bi qu` dngdof un `xo`si g` oinsuli g` lft`rdfs i g` eirfs g` lfni g` imrf, pir `k`lpbi. _` ims`rvf obfrfl`nt` qu` `xdst` unf hu`rt` r`bfodÿn g` `st` oinkunti g` dngdofgir`s oin `b ointrib g` bf fgldndstrfodÿn obæsdof. Qig`lis oinstftfr qu` `s dlpisdmb`, `n un pbfzi læs i l`nis oirti, lfnt`n`r unf `ntdgfg `oinÿldof dn`hdod`nt` `n `b l`rofgi, f l`nis qu` s` jio` g` vfrdis fpiyis, oili bfs sumv`nodin`s. Qir ûbtdli, bf `h`otdvdgfg `s g`hdndgf oili `b jrfgi g` sftdshfoodÿn g` bis pfrtdodpfnt`s `lpr`sfrdfb`s, yf s`fn dnt`rnis i `xt`rnis f bf QTL@. Oin hr`ou`nodf s` djnirf `st` mbiqu`

 

=8 g` ordt`rdis g` g`s`lp`öi, `n pfrtdoubfr `n bfs QTL@_, bi oufb `s unf v`rgfg`rf bæstdlf. @n `h`oti, lfnt`n`r `b ointrib simr` `b jrfgi g` sftdshfoodÿn g` bis b is gdstdntis pfrtdodpfnt`s ihr`o`  pisdmdbdgfg`s g` foodÿn ouyfs ouyfs oins`ou`nodfs j`n`rfb`s sin pisdtdv pisdtdvfs fs pfrf bis gdrdj`nt`s. Bis ordt`rdis p`rtdn`nt`s `n `st` s`ntdgi s` r`bfodinfn tfnti oin bis pfrtdodpfnt`s dnt`rnis (sftdshfoodÿn g`b p`rsinfb `n `b trfmfki, foilpföfgf g` un s`judld`nti g` bf `vibuodÿn g` bfs oingdodin`s bfmirfb`s, bf r`lun`rfodÿn, `b obdlf siodfb, bis oinhbdotis, `b fus`ntdsli, `toät`rf) oili oin bis b is pfrtdodpfnt`s `xt`rnis (sftdshfoodÿn g` bis obd`nt`s, priv``gir`s, dnv`rsdindstfs, `toät`rf). Ld`ntrfs qu` fbjunis vfbir`s ims`rvfgis sin imk`tdvis y s` sil`t`n f oilpfrfodin`s oilpfrfodin`s oin bfs nirlfs s`otirdfb`s (ìngdo` g` fus`ntdsli, pir `k`lpbi), itris s` hungfn `n bf sdlpb`  p`ro`podÿn g` bis pfrtdodpfnt`s `lpr`sfrdfb`s `lpr`sfrdfb`s `ntr`vdstfgis. `ntr`vdstfgis. Ni imstfnt`, g`m`lis oilmdnfr g`t`rldnfgfs p`ro`podin`s oin itrfs, fpiyfrbfs i ft`nufrbfs, vdjdbfngi bis dngdofgir`s imk`tdvis. G` `st` ligi, un ìngdo` g` fus`ntdsli fbti `n oilpfrfodÿn oin bf nirlf g`b s`otir, `n unf QTL@ `sp`oìhdof, f l`nugi `s `b dngdofgir g` un lfb`stfr prihungi `ntr` `b p`rsinfb. @n tfb ofsi, nis sirpr`ng`rìf v`r qu` bis `lpb`fgis `xp`rdl`ntfn unf jrfn sftdshfoodÿn `n `b trfmfki. Fsdldsli, efy qu` gfr s`judld`nti y fgldndstrfr bfs r`obflfodin`s g` bis obd`nt`s oin bf hdnfbdgfg g` l`kirfr bf dlfj`n g` bf `lpr`sf `n `b `xt`rdir. @n itrfs pfbfmrfs, unf r`hb`xdÿn prihungf p`rldt` j`n`rfr ordt`rdis g` g`s`lp`öi `n lft`rdf g` `h`otdvdgfg qu` sin irdjdnfb`s y p`rtdn`nt`s; g` `stf hirlf, `b gdrdj`nt` sfm` `n quä ælmdti g`m` dnt`rv`ndr. Wflmdän `s pisdmb` ims`rvfr bis `h`otis qu` pu`g`n t`n`r bis tr`s jrupis g` ordt`rdis g` g`s`lp`öi `ntr` sì. Qfrf dnstrudr `sti, v`flis fbjunis `k`lpbis. @stæ obfri qu` bis obd`nt`s dnsftdsh`oeis gdhungdræn su ipdndÿn f su fbr`g`gir y, f ointdnufodÿn, s` r`jdstrfræn oins`ou`nodfs oins`ou`no dfs `n `b ndv`b g` bfs v`ntfs. G`b ldsli ld sli ligi, sd `b p`rsinfb `stæ suk`ti f hu`rt`s  pr`sdin`s `n oufnti f bfs oingdodin`s bfmirfb`s, `sti pu`g` imstfoubdzfr `b bijri g` bis

 

=: imk`tdvis hdkfgis fb prdnodpdi. Bfs pr`vdsdin`s g` dndodi s` bijrfræn gdhìodbl`nt`, bi qu` dlpbdof `h`otis gdr`otis ` dngdr`otis, prdnodpfbl`nt` `n `b fsp`oti hdnfnod`ri. Fg`læs, s`jûn FG@U (=16:), fhdrlf qu` `b s`otir t`xtdb `s unf fotdvdgfg priguotdvf oin lfyir ping`rfodÿn `n bf `oinilìf y bf prdl`rf j`n`rfgirf g` `lpb`i, s` ofrfot`rdzf pir  pr`s`ntfr un fbti ndv`b g` oilp`tdtdvdgfg g`mdgi f bf r`bfodÿn pr`odi  ‟  ofbdgfg   ofbdgfg qu` pis``n. Oili s` sfm` nu`stri pfìs `s r`oiniodgi f ndv`b dnt`rnfodinfb pir bf obfs` g` sus hdmrfs nfturfb`s, `b ointfr oin fbjigÿn g` hdmrfs `xtrf bfrjfs ef sdgi unf v`ntfkf qu` s` ef utdbdzfgi  pfrf pig`r p`n`trfr l`rofgis l`rofgis `xdj`nt`s `xdj`nt`s y oinio`gir`s g` `st` tdpi g` n`j n`jiodi. iodi. @s dlpirtfnt` g`stfofr `b `sp`odfb oudgfgi `n g`tfbb`s lìndlis `n bf `bfmirfodÿn g` bfs gdstdntfs pr`ngfs g` v`stdr qu` s` ih`rtfn `n `b l`rofgi. Itri punti f hfvir `s bf vfbirfodÿn g` bf hdmrf g` fbpfof `n `b `xtrfnk`ri, sd`ngi nu`stri pfìs `b qu` oino`ntrf `b 51% g` bf ih`rtf g` `stf hdmrf `n `b lungi. F p`sfr, g`b dngugfmb` pr`stdjdi g` bf ofbdgfg g` bis priguotis g`b s`otir t`xtdb, bfs v`ntfs `lpd`zfn f s`r r``lpbfzfgfs `n `b `xt`rdir pir un t`lf n`tfl`nt` g` pr`odi, yf qu` bf dngustrdf p`rufnf ni `stæ sd`ngi oilp`tdtdvf hr`nt` f bf ih`rtf qu` pr`s`ntfn pfìs`s g` o`ntri flärdof oili Ndofrfjuf, @b _fbvfgir y Eingurfs, pir bi oufb `sti bb`jf f s`r un hfotir g` vdtfb dlpirtfnodf pfrf `b or`odld`nti g`b s`otir t`xtdb `n `b Q`rû.

6.8 LDQTL@_ `n `b @lpirdi Oil`rodfb g` Jflfrrf _`jûn Dnstdtuti Nfodinfb g` @stfgìstdof ` Dnhirlætdof (=168), `b @lpirdi Oil`rodfb g` Jflfrrf `s un bujfr umdofgi `n `b Gdstrdti g` bf Xdotirdf `ntr` bis bìldt`s hrint`rdzis g` bf Fv. Fvdfodÿn, Fv. Läxdoi y =5 g` Kubdi y qu` ou`ntf oin jrfn livdld`nti oil`rodfb,  prdnodpfbl`nt` bfs fotdvdgfg`s r`bfodinfgfs r`bfodinfgfs oin bf dngustrdf g` bf ligf y `b tt`xtdb, `xtdb, `s fsì qu` `stf zinf r`odm` `ntr` ?11 ldb f 011 ldb obd`nt`s ob d`nt`s pir gìf fprixdlfgfl`nt`. Bf edstirdf g` `st` `lpirdi `lpd`zf f j`stfrs` g`sg` hdn`s g`b sdjbi gd`odnu`v` y oild`nzis g`b sdjbi v`dnt`. _dn

`lmfrji, `s f pfrtdr g`b föi 64:=, ging` Jflfrrf dnjr`sf f bf `rf g` bfs jfb`rìfs qu` sin

 

=5 oinkuntis g` biofb`s g` v`ntfs, fjrupfgis `n un `gdhdodi oilûn, gdoei `lpirdi ef bb`jfgi f r`pr`s`ntfr obfrfl`nt` un `k`lpbi g` trfmfki y sfordhdodi, pu`sti qu` `n bf fotufbdgfg oino`ntrf `b lfyir nûl`ri g` `lpr`ng`gir`s `n `b pfìs. Fg`læs g` oinv`rtdrs` `n `b lfyir o`ntri oil`rodfb ` dngustrdf t`xtdb g` tigf _ugflärdof, p`s` f qu` efy gdv`rsis s`otir`s `n `st` l`rofgi ging` fûn `xdst` bf t`ldgf dnhirlfbdgfg bft`nt` `n nu`stri pfìs, litdvi pir `b qu` bfs futirdgfg`s efn g`odgdgi priliv`r bf hirlfbdzfodÿn bfmirfb `n Jflfrrf f trfväs t rfväs g` bf h`rdf ‒Hirlfbìzft` Feirf“, pfrf gfr f oinio`r f bis `lpr`sfrdis bis m`n`hdodis g` bf

hirlfbdzfodÿn bfmirfb. (pp. =8-?1) Fsì tflmdän s`  s`  fhdrlf qu` `n `b föi =168 `xdstìfn =:=51 `lpr`sfs `n gdh`r`nt`s s`otir`s umdofgfs `n `b @lpirdi Oil`rodfb g` Jflfrrf, r`pr`s`ntfngi un 44,:% bfs qu` oinhirlfn bf pdrældg` `lpr`sfrdfb g` ldori, p`qu`öfs y l`gdfnfs `lpr`sfs (LDQTL@_). Fg`læs, s`jûn gdoei `stugdi, `n `b föi =168 r`sp`oti fb föi =115 bis s`otir`s qu` læs or`od`rin hu`rin bis s`rvdodis g` oildgf y m`mdgf (0?,:), dngustrdfs lfnuhfotur`rfs (67,?%) y bis `stfmb`odld`ntis g` trfnspirt` y fblfo`nfld`nti ofy`rin `n un (:8,4%). Fsì tflmdän, r`sp`oti fb t`lf g` dnhirlfbdgfg `st` hfotir ef t`ndgi un or`odld`nti oinstfnt` g`b föi =115 fb =168 `n un piro`ntfk` g` 1,=% fnufb. @s luy dlpirtfnt` g`stfofr bf dlpirtfnodf g` Jflfrrf `n bf dngustrdf lfnuhfotur`rf, yf qu` `s `n `st` bujfr ging` s` fbm`rjf `b (65,4%) g`b titfb g` `lpr`sfs p`rt`n`od`nt`s p`rt`n`od`nt`s f `st` s`otir Qir itri bfgi, Q]ILQTL@ (=110), oinsdg`rf qu` Jflfrrf `s un obûst`r y un ofsi  pfrfgdjlætdoi `n `b Q`rû simr` bfs `xt`rnfbdgfg`s pisdtdvfs g` bf fjbil`rfodÿn, bf futij`n`rfodÿn g` ipirtundgfg`s pir pfrt`s g` bis p`qu`öis `lpr`sfrdis, bf fsiodfodÿn g` bis ldslis. _dn `lmfrji, tflmdän `s un bujfr ofÿtdoi `n oufnti f irg`n urmfni, r`bfodÿn `ntr` `lpr`sfrdis y ofbdgfg g` priguotis. Dndodfbl`nt` ni `xdstìf un litdvi pfrf bf fsiodfodÿn g` `lpr`sfs læs qu` j`n`rfr lfyir`s m`n`hdodis g`ntri g` bf zinf, p`ri `n bf fotufbdgfg s` vdi bf n`o`sdgfg g` j`n`rfr `stf fsiodftdvdgfg oin `b hdn g` fpriv`oefr ipirtundgfg`s qu` luoefs

 

=4 v`o`s r`qud`r` g` jrfng`s priguotir`s, dnor`l`ntfr bis ndv`b`s g` priguoodÿn, r`jubfodÿn g` bis `lpr`sfrdis y pisdodinfrs` oili læxdli o`ntri g` oil`rodi t`xtdb `n `b pfìs. @s fsì qu` bis `lpr`sfrdis g` `stf zinf `nt`ngd`rin bf dlpirtfnodf g` bf `sp`odfbdzfodÿn priguotdvf,  pu`sti qu` bfs p`qu`öfs p`qu`öfs `lpr`sfs g` Jflfrrf sin sin bfs qu` s` s` `nofrjfn `nofrjfn g` fm fmfst`o`r fst`o`r bf bf gg`lfngf `lfngf `n bf zinf, `s g`odr, f bf `xdst`nodf `n `b l`rofgi g` un p`gdgi jrfng` f unf g` bfs jrfng`s dngustrdfs g` bf zinf p`rldt` qu` `stfs `lpr`sfs sumoin sumointrft`n trft`n f p`qu`öis `lpr`sfrdis pfrf qu`  priguzofn, mfki pfræl`tris g` ofbdgfg y gds`öi pr`g`t`rldnfgi. @n oufnti fb t`lf g` g`lfngf, `stf zinf s` ofrfot`rdzf pir fmfst`o`r `n jrfn pfrt` fb l`rofgi dnt`rni, bi qu` efo` qu` bf jrfn lfyirìf g` priguotis ni s`fn g` fbtf ofbdgfg, sd ni priguotis g` oinh`oodÿn s`nodbbf, bi qu` j`n`rf qu` `b lfyir ndoei g` l`rofgi `s `b pûmbdoi g` piois dnjr`sis, dnjr`sis, f p`sfr g` `bbi, fbjunfs `lpr`sfs g`b `lpirdi priv``n md`n`s g` l`kir ofbdgfg y efn bijrfgi dnjr`sfr f itris l`rofgis f trfväs g` bf `xpirtfodÿn. Fsdldsli, Jflfrrf ou`ntf oin un g`sfrribbi dnstdtuodinfb y nirlftdvf mfstfnt` gämdb, yf qu` `xdst`n priy`otis g` fpiyi g` ofpfodgfg r`guodgf y pfrf jrupis g`t`rldnfgis, bi qu` f su v`z ni ef p`rldtdgi bf hirlfbdzfodÿn g`  priguotir`s y qu` `xdstf un jrfn jrfn piro`ntfk` piro`ntfk` g` dnhirlfbdgfg `n bf zinf. zinf. @s dlpirtfnt` g`stfofr qu` `b lfyir bijri g`b @lpirdi `s efm`rs` pisdodinfgi oili un hioi oil`rodfb g` jrfn gdnfldsli, ging` bf fhbu`nodf gdfrdf g` obd`nt`s `s mfstfnt` fbtf y hil`ntf bf frtdoubfodÿn `ntr`  priguotir`s. _dn _dn `lmfrji, `lmfrji, fûn `xdst`n hu`rt`s hu`rt`s ofr`nodfs ofr`nodfs `n `st` obûs obûst`r t`r oili bf hfbtf g` ndv`b`s lìndlis g` ofbdgfg, vibul`n g` priguoodÿn, l`kirfs `n bis gds`öis y bf dn`xdst`nodf g` un  pbfn qu` bijr` bijr` irg`nfr y r`jubfr `b g`sfrribbi g`sfrribbi `spfodfb g` g` bf zinf pir pir pfrt` g`b Jimd`rni Jimd`rni Biofb Biofb efn sdgi bfs prdnodpfb`s ofusfs qu` efn trfmfgi `b pisdmb` dnor`l`nti g`b vibul`n g` `xpirtfodin`s y f su v`z bdldtfgi `b or`odld`nti g` `st` obûst`r t`xtdb. Fg`læs `s dlpirtfnt` fjr`jfr qu` g` fou`rgi f bfs hfs`s g` obûst`r `xdst`nt`s y f bfs ofrfot`rìstdofs pr`s`ntfgfs pir `b @lpirdi Oil`rodfb g` Jflfrrf, `st` s` `nou`ntrf `n hfs` ?, `s g`odr, s`rìf un obûst`r dnt`rr`bfodinfgi, g`mdgi g`mdgi f bfs r`bfodin`s r`bfodin`s oilpb`l`ntfrdfs oilpb`l`ntfrdfs `ntr` fj`nt`s fj`nt`s qu` p`r p`rsdju`n sdju`n `b

 

?1 or`odld`nti f trfväs g`b fpriv`oefld`nti g` ipirtundgfg`s g` lfn`rf oinkuntf, p`ri `stfs foodin`s fûn ni efn oins`judgi imt`n`r unf `sofbf lungdfb g` r`oiniodld`nti, bi qu` ni  p`rldt` qu` `b obûst`r pu`gf tilfr unf pisdodÿn læs sÿbdgf qu` p`rldtf gfr bujfr f l`kirfs t`onibÿjdofs. Qir itri bfgi, td`n` td `n` ofrfot`rìstdofs pripdfs g` `st` tdpi g` ob obûst`r ûst`r oili dnt`jrfodÿn g` r`bfodin`s priguotdvfs, sihdstdofodÿn täondof `n mfs` f bfs n`o`sdgfg`s qu` g`m` sftdshfo`r, g`lfngf l`gdf qu` p`rldt` fmfst`o`r jrfn pfrt` g`b l`rofgi biofb y un g`sfrribbi dnstdtuodinfb y fpbdofodÿn nirlftdvf mæsdof qu` ef bijrfgi l`kirìfs `n bis ûbtdlis föis, funqu` `st` punti sdju` sd`ngi mfstfnt` gämdb. (pp. :4  ‟  5=)  5=)

 

?6

Ofpìtubi DD; Qbfn g` dnv`stdjfodÿn   @n `b s`jungi ofpìtubi, s` r`fbdzfræ un gdfjnÿstdoi g` bis gdstdntis primb`lfs qu` `xdst`n g`ntri g`b t`lf g` `stugdi, fsì oili g`bdldtfr `b lfroi g` bf dnv`stdjfodÿn. Qfrf `bbi, `n `b  prdl`r punti, s` pbfnt`fræ `b primb`lf fb qu` s` pr`t`ng` musofr unf sibuodÿn, `xpbdofngi `xpbdofngi `b oint`xti g`b ldsli `n bf b f r`fbdgfg. @n s`jungi bujfr, s` g`sordmdræ bf edpÿt`sds pripu`stf oili  pisdmb` sibuodÿn y qu` t`ngræ qu` s`r vfbdgfgf `n `b g`sfrribbi y fnæbdsds g` bf dnv`stdjfodÿn. dnv`stdjfodÿn. Oili ûbtdli punti, s` g`t`rldnfræn bis imk`tdvis g` bf dnv`stdjfodÿn, bis oufb`s s`rvdræn oili juìf pfrf qu` `b fnæbdsds g` bf ldslf oulpbf oin `b pripÿsdti g`b trfmfki.

=.6 @b primb`lf Fotufbl`nt`, nu`stri pfìs s` `nou`ntrf oinhirlfgi pir gdh`r`nt`s tdpis g` `lpr`sfs g`sg` ldori, p`qu`öfs, l`gdfnfs y jrfng`s dngustrdfs3 pir bi qu` `b tflföi læs sdjndhdoftdvi `stæ oinhirlfgi pir bfs LDQTL@_, bfs oufb`s td`n`n unf dngdsoutdmb` r`b`vfnodf pir litdvis oili s`r bfs prdnodpfb`s j`n`rfgirfs g` `lpb`i, fsì tflmdän oili su pfrtdodpfodÿn `n `b g`sfrribbi siodi`oinÿldoi g` bfs zinfs ging` s` umdofn. Ofm` r`sfbtfr qu` `n `b Q`rû `xdst`n gdh`r`nt`s s`otir`s `n `st` jrupi `lpr`sfrdfb, uni g` bis læs dlpirtfnt`s `s `b t`xtdb, yf qu` ef bijrfgi `xpfngdrs` `n `b l`rofgi dnt`rnfodinfb mfsfgi f trfväs g` v`ntfkfs oilp`tdtdvfs oili bf fbtf ofbdgfg `n `b prio`si priguotdvi, pr`stdjdi g` bfs hdmrfs p`rufnfs `n oilpfrfodÿn oin bis gdh`r`nt`s gdh`r `nt`s pfìs`s `xpirtfgir`s. Fg`læs, `st` jrupi g` `lpr`sfs `nhr`ntf unf s`rd` g` imstæoubis qu` bbdldtfn dldtfn su sup`rvdv`nodf y g`sfrribbi f bfrji pbfzi. _`jûn `stugdis pr`vdis r`fbdzfgis `n pfìs`s `n g`sfrribbi oili `b nu`stri bf tfsf g` lirtfbdgfg g` bis b is p`qu`öis n`jiodis n`jiodis `s lfyir qu` `n pfìs`s g`sfrribbfgis.

Fsdldsli, `stfs `lpr`sfs g`m`n g`sfrribbfr efmdbdgfg`s y `strft`jdfs `sp`oìhdofs g` oirti y

 

?= bfrji pbfzi pfrf sfbvfjufrgfrs` g` bf t`ldgf tfsf g` lirtfbdgfg, yf qu` dndodfr un n`jiodi dlpbdof un fbti ndv`b g` rd`sji y sus primfmdbdgfg`s g` p`rlfn`o`r pir un p`rdigi lfyir f odnoi föis sin luy mfkfs. @s pir `bbi qu` f bi bfrji g` bis ûbtdlis föis, bfs ldori, p`qu`öfs y l`gdfnfs `lpr`sfs (LDQTL@_) g`b s`otir t`xtdb `n nu`stri pfìs efn t`ndgi qu` `nhr`ntfr gdh`r`nt`s tdpis g`  primb`lfs. @ntr` @ntr` bis oufb`s oufb`s g`stfofn g`stfofn prdnodpfbl`nt` t`lfs oili bf dnhirlfbdgfg dnhirlfbdgfg `xdst`nt` `n gdoei s`otir, pu`sti qu` `st` `s un fsunti pr`ioupfnt` g`mdgi f qu` fotufbl`nt` `n nu`stri  pfìs `xdst`n 8,8 ldbbin`s g` undgfg`s priguotdvfs dnhirlfb`s qu` r`pr`s`ntfn bf qudntf pfrt` g`b QMD g`b Q`rû. Fsdldsli, `stf ou`stdÿn ni ef p`rldtdgi fvfnzfr `oinÿldofl`nt` fb pfìs, yf qu` j`n`rf un oìroubi vdodisi g` pimr`zf `n bf siod`gfg, ging` bf pimbfodÿn ni pu`g` foo`g`r f m`n`hdodis hirlfb`s oili pbfn`s g` p`nsdin`s y s`juris g` sfbug, fb s`r `st` un  primb`lf g` jflf lubtdgdl`nsdinfb, `s g`odr, s` `nou`ntrf `n tigis bis s`otir`s g` bf `oinilìf fh`otf s`rdfl`nt` f ofgf rumri `xdst`nt`, `n `b ofsi g`b s`otir t`xtdb `sti s` pu`g` fpr`odfr obfrfl`nt` `n `b @lpirdi Oil`rodfb g` Jflfrrf qu` f p`sfr g` efm`r l`kirfgi y or`fgi pbfn`s qu` dnor`l`nt`n bf hirlfbdzfodÿn g` bfs `lpr`sfs, fûn sdju` sd`ngi un fsunti qu` ftfof f tigf bf zinf. Fg`læs, bfs LDQTL@_ LDQTL@_ ou`ntfn oin primb`lfs primb`lfs `n bf hirlf g` j`stdinfr j`stdinfr ofgf uni g` g` sus  prio`sis, pu`sti qu` `xdst`n hfotir`s h fotir`s obfv`s `n ofgf ær`f ging` `xdst`n fûn p`ngd`nt`s qu` g`m`n s`r sibuodinfgis `n un oirti y l`gdfni pbfzi pfrf bijrfr `b or`odld`nti g`s`fgi, g`s`fgi, gdoeis t`lfs `stæn `nbfzfgis hungfl`ntfbl`nt` f primb`lfs oin bf j`stdÿn g` r`oursis eulfnis f trfväs g` bf oinstfnt` fus`nodf g` ofpfodtfodin`s, ofpfodtfodin`s, dno`ntdvis y fjrfgfmb` flmd`nt` bfmirfb `n bf lfyirìf g` `st` tdpi g` `lpr`sfs, fsp`o fsp`otis tis ointfmb`s y hdnfnod`ris pir bf hfbtf g` pr`pfrfodÿn `n t`lfs g` fgldndstrfodÿn hdnfnod`rf, t`lfs oili bf priguotdvdgfg g` bfs `lpr`sfs y bf ofbdgfg g` bis priguotis ihr`odgis f bis oinsuldgir`s, oinsuldgir`s, fsp`otis bijìstdois y oil`rodfb`s g` bfs

 

?? irjfndzfodin`s, fsuntis qu` ni p`rldt`n qu` bfs `lpr`sfs s` oinsibdg`n y pisdodin`n `n `b l`rofgi g` bf lfn`rf `sp`rfgf y qu` bdldtfn su or`odld`nti f bfrji pbfzi. @s pir `bbi, qu` f p`sfr g` bf dlpirtfnodf dlpirtfnodf g` bfs LDQTL@_ g`b g`b s`otir t`xtdb g` nu`stri pfìs, `n bf lfyirìf g` ofsis `stfs ni efn fbofnzfgi `b äxdti g`s`fgi, yf qu` of`n oinstfnt`l`nt` `n `rrir`s fnt`rdirl`nt` l`nodinfgis. G` `stf lfn`rf oinsdg`rfngi bf dlpirtfnodf g` bfs LDQTL@_ `n `b or`odld`nti siodi`oinÿldoi g`b g`b Q`rû y `n lfyir änhfsds g`b s`otir t`xtd t`xtdb,b, yf qu` ef g`listrfgi t`n`r unf hu`rt` v`ntfkf oilp`tdtdvf, g`mdgi f bf ofbdgfg g` bis t`xtdb`s, s` oinsdg`rf p`rtdn`nt` `h`otufr un `stugdi qu` oilpr`ngf oili s` vd`n` j`stdinfngi ofgf ær`f obfv` g` `stfs `lpr`sfs y oinio`r bis prdnodpfb`s `rrir`s `n bis qu` su`b`n of`r, g` `stf hirlf  pig`r mrdngfr fbt`rnftdvfs g` sibuodÿn qu` oilmftfn bf primb`lætdof `xdst`nt`, pfrf `bbi s` j`n`rf bf pr`juntf ¹Vu` fotdvdgfg`s g`m`n l`kirfr sustfnodfbl`nt` bfs LDQTL@_ g`b s`otir t`xtdb g`b gdstrdti g` Bf Xdotirdf, pfrf `b`vfr sus ndv`b`s g` oilp`tdtdvdgfg y sist`ndmdbdgfg9.

=.= Edpÿt`sds Bfs LDQTL@_ sin luy dlpirtfnt`s `n vfrdis pfìs`s fbr`g`gir g`b lungi, yf qu` su s`otir ointrdmuy` fb g`sfrribbi `oinÿldoi y siodfb pir su fbti vibul`n `n `b undv`rsi g` bfs `lpr`sfs qu` oinhirlfn sus l`rofgis. @s fsì qu` bfs nu`vfs p`qu`öfs `lpr`sfs oinstdtudgf oinstdtudgfss fbr`g`gir g` tigi `b lungi, sin oinsdg`rfgfs oili un v`eìoubi efodf bf `lpr`sfrdfbdgfg, fpirtfngi g` lfn`rf sdjndhdoftdvf `n bf or`fodÿn g` `lpb`is, `stfmdbdgfg siodfb, pibìtdof, dnnivfodÿn y ful`nti g` bf oilp`tdtdvdgfg g` un pfìs i r`jdÿn. @b fpirt` g` `st` s`otir `n `b ælmdti siodfb y `oinÿldoi s` pu`g` ims`rvfr f trfväs g` bis sdjud`nt`s dngdofgir`s, `ntr` `b 01% f 51% `n bf j`n`rfodÿn g` `lpb`i y su ointrdmuodÿn fb QMD `stæ `ntr` `b 71% f :1% :1 % `n bf lfyirìf g` sus ofsis. G` `stf lfn`rf, s` pu`g` fhdrlfr qu` bfs LDQTQ@_ oulpb`n unf dlpirtfnt` hunodÿn

 

?7 g`ntri g`b g`sfrribbi `oinÿldoi g` un pfìs. _dn `lmfrji, `sti ni s`rìf pisdmb` sdn un r`spfbgi `n bf b`jdsbfodÿn bfmirfb qu` fpiy` `b g`sfrribbi g` `st` s`otir.

_`jûn `b Dnstdtuti g` @stugdis @oinÿldois y _iodfb`s ‟  D@__ (=168), `n `b Q`rû, bf dngustrdf g` t`xtdb`s ku`jf un rib `strftäjdoi pfrf `b g`sfrribbi g` bf `oinilìf nfodinfb, `s fsì qu` pir sus ofrfot`rìstdofs p`rt`n`o` f unf dngustrdf j`n`rfgirf g` `lpb`is y qu` utdbdzf r`oursis nfturfb`s g`b pfìs. @s dlpirtfnt` d lpirtfnt` l`nodinfr qu` f dndodis g`b sdjbi UU bis oil`rodfnt`s hu`rin bis qu` dlpubsfrin bf dnv`rsdÿn dngustrdfb f trfväs g` bfs hæmrdofs g` t`kdgis g` bfnf y bfs edbfng`rìfs (pp. 6 -?) Bfs p`qu`öfs y l`gdfnfs `lpr`sfs sin fj`nt`s dlpirtfnt`s `n bf `struoturf `oinÿldof g` bis  pfìs`s g` bf r`jdÿn ni sÿbi sÿbi pir su pfrtdodpfodÿn pfrtdodpfodÿn `n `n `b titfb g` g` hdrlfs sdni tflm tflmdän dän pir su fpirt` fpirt` fb `lpb`i y, `n l`nir l`gdgf, fb priguoti. _dn `lmfrji, bf pr`s`nodf g` bfs QTL@_ `n bfs `xpirtfodin`s g` bis pfìs`s g` bf r`jdÿn `s, `n j`n`rfb, mfkf. @s dlpirtfnt` r`sfbtfr qu` `b s`otir t`xtdb pr`s`ntf primb`lfs pr`s`ntf primb`lfs qu` fh`otfn su g`sfrribbi, oili `s su fbti ndv`b g` `ng`ugfld`nti qu` gdhdoubtf bf imt`nodÿn g` prästflis g` bfrji pbfzi pfrf bf lig`rndzfodÿn g` lfqudnfrdfs, fh`otfngi prdnodpfbl`nt` f bfs LDQTL@_ L DQTL@_ `n su n`o`sdgfg g` lig`rndzfrs`, itri jrfn primb`lf `s `b fmfst`odld`nti g`b fbjigÿn iofsdinfgi pir `b fbt fbtii ndv`b g` gdnfldsli g`b s`otir. @s fsì qu`, sdjud`ngi oin bf fsunodÿn g` bf priguotdvdgfg g`b s`otir t`xtdb `n nu`stri pfìs, bf edpÿt`sds qu` s` pbfnt`f `s bf sdjud`nt`; Bfs LDQTL@_ g`b s`otir t`xtdb g`b gdstrdti g` Bf Xdotirdf td`n`n mfkis `stængfr`s g` oilp`tdtdvdgfg y sin pioi sist`ndmb`s `n `b td`lpi.

=.? Imk`tdvis g` bf dnv`stdjfodÿn

Bis imk`tdvis g`b priy`oti `stæn judfgis pir `b lfn`ki g` r`oursis pfrf bijrfr `b imk`tdvi tfnti j`n`rfb oili bis `sp`oìhdois qu` f ointdnufodÿn s` listrfrfn.

 

?0

=.?.6 Imk`tdvi j`n`rfb; @stfmb`o`r fsp`otis r`b`vfnt`s r`b`vfnt`s g` bf r`fbdgfg g` bfs `lpr`sfs t`xtdb`s g`b gdstrdti g` bf Xdotirdf  pfrf r`oil`ngfr fbt`rnftdvfs g` sibuodÿn qu` p`rldtfn l`kirfr `b ndv`b g` oilp`tdtdvdgfg `n `b s`otir.

=.?.= Imk`tdvis `sp`oìhdois; Imk`tdvi `sp`oìhdoi 6; Oilpr`ng`r bfs pibìtdofs y `strft`jdfs g`b s`otir t`xtdb fpbdofgfs pir bfs LDQTL@_.

Imk`tdvi `sp`oìhdoi =; G`t`rldnfr bfs prdnodpfb`s ofusfs qu` dlpbdofn `b hrfofsi `lpr`sfrdfb `n `b s`otir t`xtdb g` bfs LDQTL@_.

Imk`tdvi `sp`oìhdoi ?;  @stfmb`o`r `b dlpfoti `n tärldnis qu` bf `lpr`sf bijr` `b äxdti `sp`rfgi.

Imk`tdvi `sp`oìhdoi 7;  Hirlubfr r`oil`ngfodin`s pfrf bf l`kirf g` bf j`stdÿn g` bfs LDQTL@_ `n `b s`otir t`xtdb.

 

?8

Ofpìtubi DDD; L`tigibijìfa @n `st` ofpìtubi, s` pr`s`ntfræn bis fsp`otis l`tigibÿjdois utdbdzfgis pfrf bf pr`s`nt` dnv`stdjfodÿn. @n prdl`r bujfr, s` g`hdndræ `b tdpi y `b gds`öi s`b`oodinfgi pfrf `b `stugdi, yf qu` `s dngdsp`nsfmb` pfrf `b fnæbdsds fg`oufgi g` `st`. Bu`ji s` g`t`rldnfræ bf lu`strf qu`  pfrtdodpi `n bf `xpbirfodÿn `xpbirfodÿn r`fbdzfgf qu` `n nu`stri ofsi ofsi s` gfræ `n `b @lpirdi Oil Oil`rodfb `rodfb g` Jflfrrf. T, pir ûbtdli, bis dnstrul`ntis i e`rrfld`ntfs g` dnv`stdjfodÿn n`o`sfrdis pfrf bf r`oib`oodÿn fg`oufgf g` gftis, bfs oufb`s s` mfsfn hungfl`ntfbl`nt` `n `ntr`vdstfs g`  prihungdgfg.

?.6 Wdpi y gds`öi g` dnv`stdjfodÿn Bf dnv`stdjfodÿn s` mfsf `n un `nhiqu` oufbdtftdvi, yf qu` f p`sfr g` imt`n`r p`qu`öis gftis nulärdois y `stfgìstdois g` unf lu`strf g` LDQTL@_ g`b s`otir t`xtdb, bf dnhirlfodÿn s`ræ `xpbirfgf y g`sordtf g` fou`rgi f oili bis e`oeis sin ims`rvfgis. Fg`læs, pu`g` g`sfrribbfrs` pr`juntfs ` edpÿt`sds fnt`s, gurfnt` i g`spuäs g` bf r`oib`oodÿn y `b fnæbdsds g` bis gftis. Oin hr`ou`nodf, `stfs fotdvdgfg`s sdrv`n, prdl`ri, pfrf g`soumrdr ouæb`s sin bfs  pr`juntfs g` dnv`stdjfodÿn læs dlpirtfnt`s, y g`spuäs, pfrf r`hdnfrbfs y r`sping`rbfs. Fsdldsli, bf r`oib`oodÿn g` gftis `stæ `nhiofgf `n imt`n`r dnhirlfodÿn hungfl`ntfb g` bfs LDQTL@_ `n sus gdstdntis prio`sis y fotdvdgfg`s, g` `stf lfn`rf s` pigræ oulpbdr oin `b imk`tdvi prdnodpfb pripu`sti, `b qu` s` mfsf `n oinio`r bf hirlf `n bf qu` bfs LDQTL@_ g`b s`otir t`xtdb j`stdinfn ofgf unf g` sus ær`fs y pripin`r sibuodin`s f sus prdnodpfb`s `rrir`s. Qir itri bfgi, s` ef tilfgi bf g`odsdÿn g` utdbdzfr utdbd zfr un gds`öi g` ‒Dnv`stdjfodÿn ‟  Foodÿn“, yf

qu` nu`strf hdnfbdgfg prdnodpfb `s r`sibv`r primb`lfs y l`kirfr bfs præotdofs `n bfs `lpr`sfs. Fg`læs, su pripÿsdti hungfl`ntfb s` o`ntrf `n fpirtfr dnhirlfodÿn qu` juì` bf tilf g`

 

?: g`odsdin`s pfrf prijrflfs, prio`sis y r`hirlfs `struoturfb`s, bi qu` `s hungfl`ntfb pfrf `stf dnv`stdjfodÿn, yf qu` p`rldtdræ mrdngfr mrd ngfr pisdmb`s suj`r`nodfs qu` s` vdsufbdo`n `n oflmdis `n bis prio`sis y fotdvdgfg`s g` `stfs `lpr`sfs, tigi `bbi s` gfræ f trfväs g`b fnæbdsds oinstfnt` g` ofgf unf g` bfs ær`fs obfv`s g` bfs LDQTL@_.

?.= _`b`oodÿn g` bf lu`strf _`jûn `b pirtfb g` Qriguo`, pfrf bf pr`s`nt` dnv`stdjfodÿn `stfræ oinhirlfgf pir fqu`bbfs `lpr`sfs qu` oulpbfn oin bis sdjud`nt`s r`qudsdtis. Bf prdl`rf oingdodÿn `s qu` `b `stugdi `lmfrofrf bfs ldori, p`qu`öfs y l`gdfnfs `lpr`sfs, qu` oili bi efmìflis l`nodinfgi fnt`rdirl`nt` r`pr`s`ntfn un 44,0% g`b titfb. Bf s`jungf oingdodÿn f oulpbdr `s qu` `st` tdpi g` `lpr`sfs p`rt`n`zofn fb s`otir t`xtdb, yf qu` `stf s`oodÿn ef fbofnzfgi un hu`rt`  pisdodinfld`nti pir bf ofbdgfg, pr`stdjdi pr`stdjdi g` bfs hdmrfs p`rufnfs y `b fbti ndv`b g` dnt`jrfodÿn g`b s`otir f bi bfrji g`b prio`si priguotdvi. priguotdvi. T bf ûbtdlf ûbtd lf oingdodÿn `s qu` gdoefs `lpr`sfs g`b s`otir t`xtdb `stän umdofgfs `n `b gdstrdti g` bf Xdotirdf. Qfrf `bbi s` ef s`b`oodinfgi f bfs LDQTL@_ umdofgfs `n `b `lpirdi oil`rodfb ‒Jflfrrf“, yf qu` `s `n `st` bujfr ging` s` oino`ntrf bf lfyir ofntdgfg g`b tdpi g` `lpr`sfs g` `st` s`otir. @s dlpirtfnt` r`ofbofr qu` `n `st` punti g` v`ntf, `nointrflis bf lfyir vfrd`gfg g`  priguotis g`b s`otir t`xtdb pfrf tigis t igis bis s`jl`ntis g` l`rofgi `xdst`nt`s. Fg`læs Fg`læs,, oili  pfrt` g`b prio`si g` dnv`stdjfodÿn s` r`fbdzfrfn `ntr`vdstfs f gu`öis y oil`rodfnt`s g` un oinkunti g` `lpr`sfs umdofgfs `n gdoei bujfr. Fsdldsli `stfs `lpr`sfs g`m`n pr`s`ntfr `stfgi ‒fotdvi“ y ‒oingdodÿn efmdgi“ y qu` r`subtfn un titfb g` =:? `lpr`sfs. Bu`ji g` `bbi, s` g`bdldtÿ oinsdg`rfngi sÿbi bfs qu` s` g`gdofn  prdnodpfbl`nt` f bf fotdvdgfg oil`rodfb ‒fofmfgi g` priguotis t`xtdb`s“ t`xtdb`s “, pir bi qu` `b

nûl`ri

g` `lpr`sfs s` r`guki g` =:? f ==?. Hdnfbl`nt`, s` g`bdldtÿ pir zinfs y ofbb`s oäntrdofs g`b gdstrdti, imt`ndängis` === LDQTL@_ `n `b gdstrdti g` Bf Xdotirdf.

 

?5

Qfrf efbbfr bf lu`strf f `nou`stfr s` utdbdzÿ bf sdjud`nt` hÿrlubf;  √   ( √  )   <   √ ( ∝ 6) +   √  √ 

Ging`; n < Wflföi g` bf lu`strf z< _`jurdgfg  p < Qripirodÿn g` bf bf pimbfodÿn oin bf ofrfot`rìstdof g`s`fgf g`s`fgf (äxdti) q < Qripirodÿn g` bf pimbfodÿn sdn bf ofrfot`rìstdof g`s`fgf (hrfofsi) g < Qr`odsdÿn  N < Wflföi g` g` bf pimbfodÿn .10 0 √ 1.40) === √ 6.4 .48 8(1.1 <   1.10 √ (=== ∝ 6) + 6.48 √ 1.10 √ 1.40

]`ging`ængis` y imt`ndängis` imt`ndängis` un titfb g` 00 LDQTL@_ g`b s`otir t`xtdb.

?.? Dnstrul`ntis g` dnv`stdjfodÿn Bis dnstrul`ntis g` dnv`stdjfodÿn qu` s` utdbdzfrfn pfrf bf r`oib`oodÿn g` gftis sin bf  mûsqu`gf g` gioul`ntis oili bdmris y hu`nt`s g` dnhirlfodÿn s`oungfrdfs g` dnt`rn`t. Fg`læs, s` r`fbdzfrfn `ntr`vdstfs g` prihungdgfg f LDQTL@_ g`b s`otir t`xtdb g`b @lpirdi Oil`rodfb g` ‒Jflfrrf“, bfs oufb`s nis frrikfrfn gftis r`fbl`nt` dlpirtfnt`s pfrf g`t`rldnfr hfotir`s læs r`ourr`nt`s pir bis qu` qu` `st` tdpi g` `lp `lpr`sfs r`sfs ni bijrfn `b ääxdti xdti g`s`fgi. @st` tdpi g` `nou`stfs s`ræn g` r`spu`stf fmd`rtf, yf qu` musoflis qu` bis `ntr`vdstfgis t`njfn bf bdm`rtfg g` r`sping`r bdmr`l`nt` ofgf pr`juntf, `sti p`rldt` imt`n`r r`spu`stfs læs prihungfs. Fsdldsli, s`ræn g` tdpi fnfbìtdofs, pu`sti qu` nis p`rldt` `xpbdofr y g`sordmdr un primb`lf pfrf pig`r `nointrfr bf l`kir sibuodÿn. Fg`læs, gdoefs `ntr`vdstfs `stæn gdvdgdgfs `n gis jrfng`s mbiqu`s `n ging` `b prdl`ri `stæ oilpu`sti pir pr`juntfs

j`n`rfb`s y `b s`jungi pir pr`juntfs oilpb`kfs i g`tfbbfgfs.

 

?4 @b prdl`r mbiqu` `stæ oinhirlfgi pir pr`juntfs ging` nis p`rldtf oinio`r gftis j`n`rfb`s g` bfs `lpr`sfs oili td`lpi g` hunodinfld`nti `n `b l`rofgi, `b nûl`ri g` trfmfkfgir`s, bf ofntdgfg g` suoursfb`s, `b sfm`r sd bf `lpr`sf `s hfldbdfr y sd ou`ntfn oin un biofb pripdi i fbqudbfgi, tigi `bbi `s hungfl`ntfb pfrf pig`r s`jl`ntfr s`jûn `b tdpi g` `lpr`sf, yf s`fn ldori, p`qu`öfs i l`gdfnfs `lpr`sfs. @b s`jungi mbiqu` `stæ oinhirlfgi pir pr`juntfs qu` nis p`rldt` sfm`r f g`tfbb` simr` bis gdstdntis prio`sis y fotdvdgfg`s qu` r`fbdzfn bfs `lpr`sfs, yf s`f `n `b ær`f hdnfnod`rf, bijìstdof, priguotdvf, oil`rodfb y g` r`oursis eulfnis, pu`sti qu` f trfväs g` `bbi pigr`lis  mrdngfr sibuodin`s f bis gdstdntis fsp`otis pir l`kirfr, bi qu` p`rldtf fbofnzfr `b äxdti g`s`fgi g` bfs irjfndzfodin`s. irjfndzfodin`s.

 

71

Ofpìtubi DX; G`sfrribbi F ointdnufodÿn, s` g`tfbbfræ bf sdtufodÿn fotufb g` bfs LDQTL@_ g`b s`otir t`xtdb `n `b gdstrdti g` bf Xdotirdf. Qfrf `bbi `nhiofr`lis bf dnv`s dnv`stdjfodÿn tdjfodÿn g` bfs LDQTL@_ f trfväs g`b `stugdi g` odnoi ær`fs prdnodpfb`s oin bfs oufb`s ou`ntfn `st` tdpi g` `lpr`sfs; @n `b prdl`r punti, s` g`sordmdræ `b ær`f hdnfnod`rf qu` `s fqu`bbf `nofrjfgf g`b `stugdi oirr`oti g` bf fgldndstrfodÿn g` vfbir`s g` unf `ntdgfg `oinÿldof. @n `b s`jungi punti, s` g`hdndræ `b ær`f oil`rodfb qu` `s fqu`bbf r`spinsfmb` g`b prio`si g` v`ntf y pist v`ntf g` bfs `lpr`sfs. Oili tt`ro`r `ro`r punti, s` `xpbdofræ `b ær`f g` r`oursis eulfnis qu` s` ioupfgf g` bf fgldndstrfodÿn y j`stdÿn g`b  p`rsinfb. @n `b oufrti punti, `b ær`f bijìstdof `nofrjfgf `nofrjfgf g` pbfndhdofr, dlpb`l`nt dlpb`l`ntfr fr y ointribfr bis hbukis g` gdstrdmuodÿn. Qir ûbtdli s` g`sordmdræ `b ær`f priguotdvf qu` sup`rvdsf bf `bfmirfodÿn g`b priguoti, oist`s y itris hfotir`s qu` dnt`rvd`n`n `n `b prio`si. Fsì tflmdän, gfr`lis f oinio`r bfs prdnodpfb`s e`rrfld`ntfs utdbdzfgfs fotufbl`nt` pir bfs LDQTL@_ `n sus gdstdntis prio`sis fgldndstrftdvis qu` p`rldt`n qu` `stfs pu`gfn s`judr lfnt`ndängis lfnt`ndängis`` `n `b l`rofgi.

7.6. Ær`fs prdnodpfb`s g` bfs LDQTL@_ 7.6.6. Qrio`si hdnfnod`ri @n bf fotufbdgfg, bfs LDQTL@_ `xdst`nt`s s` `nhr`ntfn f oinstfnt`s r`tis `n `b ælmdti hdnfnod`ri. Mindbbf, Ofrg`öi y Ofrg`öi (=160) fhdrlfn fhd rlfn qu` `n `b pr`s`nt`, tigi `nt` `oinÿldoi dngdh`r`nt`l`nt` g`b tflföi qu` s`f r`qud`r` g` un lfn`ki fg`oufgi g` bf `ntrfgf y sfbdgf g` sus r`oursis pfrf jfrfntdzfr su p`rlfn`nodf p`rlfn`nodf y qu` `st` bijr` fbofnzfr `b äxdti g`s` g`s`fgi fgi `n `b

l`rofgi `n `b qu` s` biofbdzf, bi qu` oinstdtuy` unf g` bfs prdnodpfb`s fotdvdgfg`s qu` g`m`

 

76 g`sfrribbfr `b ær`f hdnfnod`rf g` bfs `lpr`sfs, yf qu` `stfs g`m`n iptdldzfr bfs g`odsdin`s g` dnv`rsdÿn y hdnfnodfodÿn. (pp. 6?0  ‟  6?5)  6?5) Fg`læs, `stf dnv`stdjfodÿn dngdof qu` bf hunodÿn hdnfnod`rf sd s` `s md`n gdr`oodinfgf, pir  p`rsinfb oilp`t`nt`, oilp`t`nt`, trf` oinsdji bf hirlfodÿn g` g` hirtfb`zfs pfrf bf undgfg ``oinÿldof oinÿldof y pfrf bf siod`gfg `n j`n`rfb. Fb s`r `stf ær`f g` vdtfb dlpirtfnodf, pu`sti qu` s` `nofrjf g` lfnt`n`r bf bdqudg`z y jfnfnodfs g` bf `lpr`sf, bi qu` f su v`z ointrdmuy` f pbfn`fr `b huturi y tilfr g`odsdin`s flpbdfs qu` fh`ot`n f bf `ntdgfg. _dn `lmfrji, `b tflföi y bf dlpirtfnodf g` bf hunodÿn hdnfnod`rf g`p`ng` g`b tflföi g` bf `lpr`sf, yf qu` `n `stis td`lpis bf lfyirìf g` ldoris y p`qu`öfs `lpr`sfs, `n oufnti fb rib hdnfnod`ri `s g`sfrribbfgf pir `b g`pfrtfl`nti g` ointfmdbdgfg, p`ri oinhirl` unf `lpr`sf or`o` bf hunodÿn hdnfnod`rf `s g`spb`jfgf `n g`pfrtfl`ntis s`pfrfgis, vdnoubfgi gdr`otfl`nt` oin `b pr`sdg`nt` i f trfväs g`b gdr`otir hdnfnod`ri. @s fsì qu`, nirlfbl`nt` `n l`gdfnfs y jrfng`s `lpr`sfs bfs fotdvdgfg`s `stæn fjrupfgfs pir hunodin`s ip`rftdvfs y oinhirlfn bis g`nildnfgis g`nildnfgis g`pfrtfl`ntis, gdvdsdin`s, gdr`oodin`s, ær`fs i s`oodin`s, ou`ntfn oin p`rsinfb ofpfodtfgi y `sp`odfbdzfgi `n ofgf unf g` `bbfs. Itri punti r`b`vfnt` sin bis dnstrul`ntis d nstrul`ntis hdnfnod`ri hdnfnod`riss oin bis qu` s` gdspin` pfrf hdnfnodfr bfs dnv`rsdin`s g` bf `lpr`sf. @s pir `bbi qu` `n `st` oint`xti s` gdstdnju` gis oino`ptis hungfl`ntfb`s, bis oufb`s sin bf hdnfnodfodÿn dnt`rnf i futihdnfnodfodÿn y bf hdnfnodfodÿn `xt`rnf i g` l`rofgi. Bf prdl`rf hirlfgf pir `b ofpdtfb, `s g`odr, bis fpirt`s f bf oinstdtuodÿn i g`spuäs g` bf oinstdtuodÿn g` bf `lpr`sf y bfs r`s`rvfs oinhirlfgfs pir bis m`n`hdodis ni gdstrdmudgis y flirtdzfodin`s. Qir itri bfgi, bf hdnfnodfodÿn `xt`rnf i g` l`rofgi oinstdtudgf  pir `b oinkunti g` g`ugfs qu` ointrf` bf `lpr`sf, tfnti f oirti pbfzi oili oin priv``gir`s oili f bfrji pbfzi f trfväs g` bis orägdtis y prästflis pir `ntdgfg`s hdnfnod`rfs. @s fsì qu`

`nhioænginis `n `st` oino`pti oino`pti `s dlpirtfnt` r`sfbtfr qu` bf lfyirìf g` LDQTL@_ `xdst`nt`s ou`ntfn oin piof dnhirlfodÿn d nhirlfodÿn r`sp`oti f `ntdgfg`s hdnfnod`rfs `nhiofgfs n`tfl`nt` f mrdngfr mrd ngfr

 

7= orägdtis, bi oufb `n luoefs iofsdin`s ni p`rldt` qu` bis `lpr`sfrdis til`n bf l`kir ipodÿn g` orägdti pfrf sus `nt`s.

7.6.=. Qrio`si oil`rodfb @n bis ûbtdlis td`lpis, `b ær`f oil`rodfb ef dgi jfnfngi dlpirtfnodf g`ntri g` bfs `lpr`sfs, hfotir`s oili bf oilp`t`nodf, bis obd`nt`s y bfs oingdodin`s g` l`rofgi fh`otfn gdr`otfl`nt` fb nûl`ri g` v`ntfs g` bfs `lpr`sfs y pir bi tfnti f bf odhrf g` m`n`hdodis y g` sup`rvdv`nodf. sup`rvdv`nodf. @s `st` `spfodi g` bf `lpr`sf `b qu` s` `nofrjf g` un oinkunti g` fotdvdgfg`s n`o`sfrdfs pfrf efo`r bb`jfr `b md`n i s`rvdodi priguodgis pir bf `lpr`sf f bis obd`nt`s. @ntr` bfs hunodin`s læs r`b`vfnt`s t`n`lis bis `stugdis g` l`rofgi qu` pripirodinfn dnhirlfodÿn qu` p`rldt` f bf gdr`oodÿn g` bf `lpr`sf `lpr`sf hdkfr su pibìtdof y tilfr g`odsdin`s g`odsdin`s læs s`jurfs, s`jurfs, fsì tflmdän trftfr g` g`t`rldnfr bfs pr`h`r`nodfs g` oilprf g` bis oinsuldgir`s, itrf hunodÿn g` `stf ær`f `s bf  pumbdodgfg y priliodÿn g`b priguoti, `b oufb td`n` oili hdnfbdgfg hd nfbdgfg gfr f oinio`r `b priguoti dnhirlfngi simr` sus ofrfot`rìstdofs y g`stfofngi `b prdnodpfb ftrdmuti pir `b oufb s` gdh`r`nodf g` su oilp`t`nodf. Qir ubtdli ointflis oin bf hunodÿn g` v`ntfs qu` oinsdst` `n irjfndzfr bf v`ntf gdr`otf y tflmdän bf irjfndzfodÿn oin bis ofnfb`s g` gdstrdmuodÿn, sd`ngi `stf bf læs dlpirtfnt`, yf qu` `s f trfväs g` `stf pir bf qu` bf `lpr`sf oinsdju` bis dnjr`si dnjr`sis. s. Itri punti dlpirtfnt` f g`stfofr `s qu` bf `lpr`sf `s un sdst`lf `n `b qu` ofgf g`pfrtfl`nti ni `s dng`p`ngd`nt`, sd ni qu` s` `nou`ntrf dnt`rr`bfodinfgi oin bis g`læs, `n `st` ofsi `b g`pfrtfl`nti oil`rodfb, oufngi r`fbdzf sus hunodin`s g`m` oiirgdnfr oin bfs g`læs ær`fs pfrf oulpbdr oin bis imk`tdvis g` bf b f oilpföìf. Fg`læs, `s dlpirtfnt` foitfr qu` `n bfs LDQTL@_ ni s` ou`ntf oin p`rsinfb `sp`odfbdzfgi `n `b ær`f g` lfrc`tdnj pir bi qu` gdoefs fotdvdgfg`s sin g`sfrribbfgfs pir `b ær`f oil`rodfb `n ging` s` `lpd`zf f tilfr g`odsdin`s `n oufnti f bf `xp`rd`nodf pripdf y `b s`ntdgi oilûn,

`s fsì qu` tflpioi bis `lpr`sfrdis g` `st` tdpi g` `lpr`sfs su`b`n jfstfr `n oinsubtirìfs `xt`rnfs, yf qu` oinsdg`rf qu` `s äb `b qu` td`n` lfyir`s oiniodld`ntis simr` su `lpr`sf y

 

7? qu` ni efo` hfbtf qu` nfgd` v`njf f `ns`öfrb` simr` oÿli gfr f oinio`r f su priguoti y fûn læs qu` `sti j`n`r` un oist` `xtrf pfrf bf irjfndzfodÿn.

7.6.?. Qrio`si g` r`oursis eulfnis @n bis ûbtdlis td`lpis, `n bfs LDQTL@_ `xdst`nt`s, s` ef ims`rvfgi qu` bfs fotdvdgfg`s `n bf j`stdÿn g` bfs irjfndzfodin`s `s un hfotir oilp`tdtdvi oruodfb. @n j`n`rfb, `b nûob`i g` ip`rfodin`s f pfrtdr g`b oufb s` irdjdnf un g`pfrtfl`nti g` p`rsinfb y bf oins`ou`nt` j`stdÿn  prih`sdinfbdzfgf g` bis r`oursis eulfnis, `s bf bdqudgfodÿn g` efm`r`s y `b trfmfki fgldndstrftdvi fsiodfgi f unf r`bfodÿn g` g`p`ng`nodf. @st` prdl`r `smizi g` tfr`fs pu`g` i ni `vibuodinfr efodf `struoturfs y oubturfs læs gdnældofs y prifotdvfs `n bf j`stdÿn g`b tfb`nti g` bis `lpb`fgis. @b bujfr qu` unf irjfndzfodÿn ioupf `n `s` ointdnui g`sfrribbi oingdodinf `nirl`l`nt` bfs ipirtundgfg`s g` bf ldslf. Bfs LDQTL@_, funqu` bdldtfgfs `n sus  pisdmdbdgfg`s g` j`n`rfr `struoturf pfrf tigis `stis prio`sis td td`n`n `n`n n`o`sdgfg g` j`stdinfr f su p`rsinfb. _`jûn Fb`ki (=167), `n sus fv`rdjufodin`s fo`rof g`b ofpdtfb eulfni y sus dlpbdofnodfs `n bf `vibuodÿn g` bfs `lpr`sfs, fhdrlf qu` `st` oino`pti ef oimrfgi vdtfb dlpirtfnodf `n `b g`sfrribbi g` bfs `lpr`sfs, `sp`odfbl`nt` `n bf l`kirf g` sus oilp`tdtdvdgfg`s, `sti s` mfsf  prdnodpfbl`nt` `n qu` `b hfotir eulfni priv`` f bf b f `lpr`sf g` oufbdgfg`s gdhìodb`s g` oipdfr  pir itrfs `lpr`sfs. @b ofpdtfb eulfni oinsdst` `n `b vfbir `oinÿldoi g`b oiniodld`nti, bfs efmdbdgfg`s y bfs ofpfodgfg`s g` bis `lpb`fgis3 bis oufb`s pigrìfn ni r`hb`kfr un vfbir gdr`oti `n `b mfbfno` j`n`rfb g` bf `lpr`sf, p`ri dlpbdofn un `nirl` `h`oti `n `b g`s`lp`öi g`b p`rsinfb `n bf irjfndzfodÿn. @b ofpdtfb eulfni `n bfs LDQTL@_ `s dntfnjdmb` y `busdvi, y ni pu`g`

fgldndstrfrs` g` bf lfn`rf `n qu` bfs irjfndzfodin`s irjfndzfodin`s fgldndstrfn bis pu`stis, bis priguotis pri guotis y

 

77 bfs t`onibijìfs. Bf rfzÿn g` `sti `s qu` bis `lpb`fgis sin bis ldslis gu`öis g`b ofpdtfb eulfni, rfzÿn pir bf qu` sd `stis s` vfn g` bf irjfndzfodÿn s` bi bb`vfn oinsdji. Pn oilpin`nt` obfv` g`b ofpdtfb eulfni `n bfs ldori, p`qu`öfs y l`gdfnfs `lpr`sfs `s bf ätdof y bis vfbir`s g` bfs p`rsinfs qu` oinhirlfn bfs irjfndzfodin`s, yf qu` `stis hfotir`s dnhbuy`n gdr`otfl`nt` `n bf oubturf y `n `b obdlf g` bf `lpr`sf. F rfìz g` bf `xdst`nodf g`b ofpdtfb eulfni `n bfs `lpr`sfs, s` j`n`rf bf oilp`tdtdvdgfg g` bfs ldslfs3 `stf oilp`tdtdvdgfg s` oino`ptufbdzf `n ? gdl`nsdin`s; `b pit`nodfb qu` td`n`, `b g`sfrribbi g` bf oilp`tdtdvdgfg y `b r`ngdld`nti g` bf ldslf. 

7.6.7. Qrio`si priguotdvi _`jûn bf Fsiodfodÿn Q`rufnf g` Wäondois W`xtdb`s (=168), bfs `lpr`sfs `n `b ælmdti g`  priguoodÿn t`xtdb efn or`odgi `xpin`nodfbl`nt` `xpin`nodfbl`nt` g`ntri g`ntri g` un l`rofgi dnhirlfb `n ging` ging` efn imt`ndgi unf `vibuodÿn y g`sfrribbi qu` sup`rÿ s up`rÿ tigfs bfs `xp`otftdvfs, oinvdrtdängis` `n tigi un gdnfldsli oil`rodfb qu` ni ef sdgi pfrfb`bfl`nt` foilpföfgi pir un g`sfrribbi `strftäjdoi `lpr`sfrdfb. Ofsi ointrfrdi, `stfs `lpr`sfs sin judfgfs `lpìrdofl`nt` pir `lpr`sfrdis qu` g`sfrribbfrin sus efmdbdgfg`s `n `b gìf f gìf, mfsfgis `n `xp`rd`nodf y `n fbjunis ofsis `guofodÿn. Fsdldsli, gfgi qu` bis l`rofgis jbimfb`s td`n`n gdh`r`nt`s g`lfngfs y `stfs f bf v`z sin `xtr`lfgfl`nt` oflmdfnt`s, s` g`m` bijrfr bf gdv`rsdgfg y sftdshfo`r bfs g`lfngfs priguodgfs pir bis nu`vis y hb`xdmb`s l`rofgis. Bf ofbdgfg g` bf oinh`oodÿn tflmdän r`sfbtf tfnti pir `b `shu`rzi p`rlfn`nt` g` bis `lpr`sfrdis g`b s`otir pfrf lfnt`n`rs` fotufbdzfgis t`onibÿjdofl`nt`, oili pir bf efmdbdgfg y r`spinsfmdbdgfg g`b ip`rfgir p`rufni. Bfs LDQTL@_ g` Bdlf L`tripibdtfnf, dnt`jrfn gdh`r`nt`s prio`sis priguotdvis, bi oufb

itirjf un lfyir ndv`b fjr`jfgi f sus priguotis. Bf hdnf trfgdodÿn t`xtdb `n `b Q`rû gftf g` td`lpis pr`dnofdois y s` sust`ntf `n bf fbtf ofbdgfg g` bis dnsulis utdbdzfgis, oili bf hdmrf g`

 

70 fbpfof y `b fbjigÿn Qdlf. Bf priguoodÿn t`xtdb y g` oinh`oodin`s ef `vibuodinfgi tfnti `n täondof oili `n gds`öis, pir bi qu` bfs pr`ngfs s` efn oinv`rtdgi `n unis g` bis priguotis l`kir oitdzfgis `n sus r`sp`otdvfs oft`jirìfs f ndv`b dnt`rnfodinfb. dnt `rnfodinfb. Bf jrfn lfyirìf g` priguotis t`xtdb`s `bfmirfgis `n Jflfrrf `stæn ird`ntfgis fb l`rofgi dnt`rni, sd`ngi bis oinsuldgir`s g` tigis bis ndv`b`s siodi`oinÿldois oino`ntrfgis `n su lfyirìf `n bis s`otir`s O y G. Wflmdän sin oinsuldgir`s oil`rodfnt`s g` privdnodfs, oil`rodfnt`s flmubfnt`s, td`ngfs oil`rodfb`s, `lpr`sfs g` priguoodÿn y s`rvdodis, `ntr` itris. Fg`læs, pig`lis `nointrfr f obd`nt`s pit`nodfb`s biofbdzfgis j`n`rfbl`nt` `n `b `xtrfnk`ri sd`ngi `b prdnodpfb oinsuldgir @stfgis Pndgis. Qir `bbi, jrfng`s irjfndzfodin`s irjfndzfodin`s s` `nou`ntrfn fnfbdzfngi bf pisdmdbdgfg g` `bfmirfr `strft`jdfs oin ldori`lpr`sfrdis t`xtdb`s pfrf ft`ng`r bf jrfn g`lfngf g`b pfìs nirt`fl`rdofni.

7.6.0. Qrio`si bijìstdoi _`jûn unf dnv`stdjfodÿn g` Ofrri y Jinzfb`s (=16=). @n bf fotufbdgfg, bf ofg`nf g`b lfn`ki g` suldndstris `s uni g` bis t`lfs læs dlpirtfnt`s pfrf bfs `lpr`sfs. _` trftf g` fmirgfr un `nhiqu` sdst`lætdoi qu` p`rldtf lfn`kfr hbukis g` dnhirlfodÿn, lft`rdfb`s y s`rvdodis g` bis  priv``gir`s g` lft`rdfs prdlfs f trfväs trfväs g` hæmrdofs hæmrdofs y g`pÿsdtis, efstf `b obd`nt` obd`nt` hdnfb. Qir `bbi, `stf ær`f s` mfsf hungfl`ntfbl`nt` hungfl`ntfbl`nt` `n fotdvdgfg`s qu` unf `lpr`sf g`m` r`fbdzfr ofgf gìf pfrf sftdshfo`r bf g`lfngf. Fg`læs, s` fhdrlf qu` g` `stf ær`f y g`b g`sfrribbi g` sus fotdvdgfg`s g`p`ng` bf j`r`nodf g` ip`rfodin`s g` bfs `lpr`sfs, yf qu` s` trftf g` unf pfrt` dlpirtfnt`, y f v`o`s sustfnodfb g`b n`jiodi, qu` pu`g` frrikfr mu`nis m`n`hdodis y efstf oinsdg`rfmb`s v`ntfkfs `strftäjdofs. @s `n `stf ær`f f trfväs g`b `lpb`i g` r`oursis qu` `ntrfn (dnputs), s` imtd`n`n unfs sfbdgfs (iutputs).

Itri punti dlpirtfnt`, `xpbdofgi `n `stf dnv`stdjfodÿn `s qu` bf r`g bijìstdof oilpr`ng` tigfs bfs fotdvdgfg`s y r`oursis fsiodfgis oin `b hbuki y bf trfnshirlfodÿn g` md`n`s y s`rvdodis g`sg`

 

78 `b `stfgi g` lft`rdf prdlf (`xtrfoodÿn) efstf `b usufrdi hdnfb. Fsì tflmdän, pu`g` oilpr`ng`r bis hbukis fsiodfgis g` dnhirlfodÿn y gdn`ri. Qir itri bfgi, `stf r`g bijìstdof s` ofrfot`rdzf pir `b`l`ntis oili priv``gir`s, o`ntris g` priguoodÿn, fblfo`n`s o`ntrfb`s, fblfo`n`s nfodinfb`s, fblfo`n`s r`jdinfb`s, fblfo`n`s fblfo`n`s biofb`s, fblfo`n`s g` trænsdti, puntis g` v`ntf y obd`nt`s. @s `n `st` oint`xti `n `b qu` s` pu`g` fhdrlfr qu` `n bf fotufbdgfg bfs LDQTL@_ `xdst`nt`s oinio`n qu` `st` prio`si `s uni g` bis læs dlpirtfnt`s, yf qu` unf lfbf bijìstdof r`pr`s`ntf  primb`lfs, pärgdgf g` obd`nt`s, lfbf dlfj`n y r`guoodÿn g` v`ntfs. v`ntfs. @stfs `lpr`sfs, f su `sofbf, s` ioupfn g` qu` `b priguoti bb`ju` fb obd`nt` `n td`lpi y hirlf, p`ri ofgf `lpr`sf pu`g` t`n`r n`o`sdgfg`s y `struoturfs bijìstdofs luy gdstdntfs s`jûn su rumri, tdpi g` priguoti y vibul`n g` `nvìis, hfotir`s hfotir`s qu` dnhbuy`n `n bfs g`odsdin`s g`odsdin`s f tilfr pir bf irjfn irjfndzfodÿn dzfodÿn y `n bis pisdmb`s dnoinv`nd`nt`s qu` s` pu`gfn pr`s`ntfr f bi bfrji g`b prio`si.

 

7:

Ofpìtubi X; Fnæbdsds @n `st` ofpìtubi, s` r`fbdzfræ `b fnæbdsds g` bis r`subtfgis g` bf dnhirlfodÿn imt`ndgf f trfväs g` bfs `ntr`vdstfs r`fbdzfgfs f gdstdntfs LDQTL@_ g`b @lpirdi Oil`rodfb g` Jflfrrf, y qu` hu`rin g`sordtfs `n `b ofpìtubi fnt`rdir oin `b hdn g` oilprimfr bf edpÿt`sds pbfnt`fgf. Qir `bbi, s` fnfbdzfrf bis prdnodpfb`s primb`lfs p`rodmdgis `n bfs gdstdntfs ær`fs g` bfs LDQTL@_ g`b s`otir t`xtdb, bfs oufb`s sin `b ær`f hdnfnod`rf, oil`rodfb, bijìstdof, priguotdvf y g` r`oursis eulfnis y f trfväs g` `bbi mrdngfr bis prdnodpfb`s puntis g` l`kirf `n bis oufb`s s` g`m` mfsfr nu`strfs r`oil`ngfodin`s. r`oil`ngfodin`s.

0.6. Gdfjnÿstdoi f trfväs g` bfs prdnodpfb`s ær`fs g` bfs LDQTL@_ 0.6.6. Qrio`si hdnfnod`ri Oili s` l`nodinÿ fnt`rdirl`nt`, tigfs bfs `lpr`sfs dngdh`r`nt`l`nt` g`b tflföi qu` s`fn n`o`sdtfn unf mu`nf j`stdÿn hdnfnod`rf, yf qu` `stf g` fbjunf lfn`rf fs`jurf unf jrfn pfrt` g`b äxdti qu` `stfs pu`gfn imt`n`r `n `b l`rofgi `n `b qu` s` `nou`ntrfn. Fg`læs, uni g` bis t`lfs læs r`b`vfnt`s pfrf `st` g`pfrtfl`nti g`pfrtfl`nti `s qu` f trfväs g` bf bdqudg`z y fgldndstrfodÿn g` jfnfnodfs p`rldt` qu` s` pu`gfn tilfr g`odsdin`s f oirti y bfrji pbfzi. Qir itri bfgi, nirlfbl`nt` g` fou`rgi fb or`odld`nti y tflföi qu` bb`ju` f pis``r bf `lpr`sf, `b g`pfrtfl`nti hdnfnod`ri bb`jf f s`r futÿnili g`b ær`f ointfmb`, oin `b hdn g` qu` bfs hunodin`s g` flmfs s`oodin`s s` oulpbfn g` lfn`rf læs `h`otdvf y j`n`r` r`ntfmdbdgfg pfrf bf irjfndzfodÿn.

 

75 @s fsì qu` s`jûn bfs `ntr`vdstfs r`fbdzfgfs f bfs LDQTL@_ g`b s`otir t`xtdb pr`s`nt`s `n `b `lpirdi oil`rodfb g` Jflfrrf s` pu`g` ims`rvfr qu` `xdst`n fsp`otis f l`kirfr `n `st` g`pfrtfl`nti, bis oufb`s sin bis sdjud`nt`s;



  Lfn`ki g` pr`supu`sti l`nsufb l`nsufb



   Ni utdbdzfodÿn g`b QI_ QI_



  Qiof dnhirlfodÿn g` `ntdgfg`s hdnfnod`rfs

Qfrf `bbi, s`ræ vdtfb pripin`r sibuodin`s f `stis primb`lfs g`t`otfgis oin `b hdn g` l`kirfr bf j`stdÿn g` `st` tdpi g` `lpr`sfs g`b s`otir t`xtdb. @n prdl`r bujfr, oin r`sp`oti fb pr`supu`sti hdnfnod`ri s` ef imt`ndgi qu` `st` tdpi g` `lpr`sfs `n su lfyirìf bi r`fbdzfn r `fbdzfn pir p`rdigis g` td`lpi luy oirtis oili pir `k`lpbi l`nsufbl`nt`, yf qu` oili s` pu`g` ims`rvfr `n `b jræhdoi 6 gdoef odhrf fsod`ng` f un 48,7% g` irjfndzfodin`s, bi qu` efo` qu` `n jrfn pfrt` ni s` oulpbf oin bis imk`tdvis pbfnt`fgis. @s pir `bbi qu` oinsdg`rflis sulfl`nt` dlpirtfnt` oili pripu`stf g` l`kirf qu` `b pr`supu`sti s`f fnufb, `sti f trfväs g` un oinkunti g` e`rrfld`ntfs oili ointfr pr`vdfl`nt` pr`vdfl`nt` oin un pbfn `strftäjdoi `strftäjdoi y l`tfs irjfndzfodinfb`s irjfndzfodinfb`s g`hdndgfs, prinistdofr v`ntfs v`ntfs i dnjr`sis f trfväs g` bf sdlubfodÿn sdlubfodÿn g` `so`nfrdis tilfngi tilfngi `n ou`ntf gftis edstÿrdois, t`ng`nodfs g`b l`rofgi, v`ntfs pit`nodfb`s g`b l`rofgi y kudodis  p`rsinfb`s. Fg`læs, Fg`læs, pr`supu`stfr jfstis g` bf `lpr`sf `ntr` bis oufb`s `stæn bis g` tdpi hdkis y vfrdfmb`s, prinistdofr `b hbuki g` `h`otdvi, ointfr oin unf `struoturf g` pr`supu`sti pr`supu`sti g` tigfs bfs ær`fs g` bf irjfndzfodÿn, gfr s`judld`nti p`rdÿgdoi fb pr`supu`sti pfrf qu` s` pu`gf tilfr g`odsdin`s g` l`kirf f td`lpi. @s fsì qu` oinsdg`rflis qu` `b ær`f hdnfnod`rf fb s`r unf g` bfs læs dlpirtfnt`s `n oufbqud`r `lpr`sf g`m` s`r lfn`kfgf pir p`rsinfs oin oiniodld`ntis

obfris y flpbdis `n `b t`lf, pu`sti qu` `stfs pu`g`n tilfr l`kir`s g`odsdin`s g` dnv`rsdÿn y hdnfnodfld`nti fg`oufgfs. fg`oufgfs.

 

74 Dbustrfodÿn 6; ¹Vuä tdpi g` pr`supu`sti pr`supu`sti lfn`kfn9 ?,8%

L`nsufb _`l`strfb 48,7%

 Hu`nt`; @bfmirfodÿn pripdf

@n s`jungi bujfr, s` imtuvi qu` unf jrfn pfrt` g` LDQTL@_ g`b s`otir t`xtdb umdofgfs `n `b `lpirdi oil`rodfb g` ‒Jflfrrf“ fun ni efo`n usi g`b QI_ (Qidnt ih _fb`), `b oufb `s un

gdspisdtdvi `b`otrÿndoi qu` p`rldt` r`fbdzfr pfjis f trfväs g` tfrk`tfs g` gämdti i orägdti, bi qu` j`n`rf od`rtf g`sv`ntfkf hr`nt` f qud`n`s sd efo`n utdbdzfodÿn g` `stf e`rrfld`ntf, yf qu` jrfn pfrt` g` bf b f pimbfodÿn oinsdg`rf læs s`juri `st` l`gdi g` pfji pir bf dns`jurdgfg bft`nt` `n bf oufb vdvdlis. @s pir `bbi qu` oinsdg`rflis qu` unf unf pripu`stf g` l`kirf `s undhirldzfr bf utdbdzfodÿn g`b QI_, bi qu` p`rldtf pig`r ful`ntfr bf `sofzf odhrf g`b =6.5% g` `lpr`sfs qu` sd efo`n usi g` `st` dnstrul`nti y fsì oilp`tdr oin pfrdgfg g` oingdodin`s j`n`rfngi sftdshfoodÿn `n bis obd`nt`s, pfrf `bbi pu`g`n efo`r usi g` s`rvdodis g` `lpr`sfs oili Xdsfn`t i Cfsn`t, bfs oufb`s sin sin `ntdgfg`s oin lfyir r`oiniodld`n r`oiniodld`nti ti `n `st` s`otir g`b pfìs.

 

01 Dbustrfodÿn =; ¹Ptdbdzfn QI_9

41,1% 51,1% :1,1%

:5,=%

81,1% 01,1% 71,1% ?1,1% =1,1% 61,1% 1,1%

Witfb =6,5%

Ni

_d

 Hu`nt`; @bfmirfodÿn pripdf

@n t`ro`r bujfr, s` bijrÿ p`rodmdr qu` jrfn pfrt` g` `st` tdpi g` `lpr`sfs ni ou`ntfn oin dnhirlfodÿn n`o`sfrdf ` dlpirtfnt` g` `ntdgfg`s hdnfnod`rfs, bi qu` iofsdinf qu` ni pu`gfn foo`g`r f orägdtis, bis oufb`s sin n`o`sfrdis pfrf bf dnv`rsdÿn y or`odld`nti g` sus irjfndzfodin`s.. Qfrf `bbi oinsdg`rflis irjfndzfodin`s oinsdg`rflis qu` itri punti f tilfr `n ou`ntf `s bf dlpb`l`ntfodÿn dlpb`l`ntfodÿn g` oinstfnt`s ofpfodtfodin`s pir pfrt` g` bfs `ntdgfg`s `ntd gfg`s hdnfnod`rfs oin `b hdn g` gfr f oinio`r simr` bis priguotis y s`rvdodis qu` ihr`o`n. Fsdldsli, oinsdg`rflis dlpirtfnt` qu` bis gu`öis i trfmfkfgir`s g`b n`jiodi musqu`n l`gdis pripdis f trfväs g` bis oufb`s pu`gfn foo`g`r f gdstdntf dnhirlfodÿn qu` b`s p`rldtf l`kirfr bf imt`nodÿn g` orägdtis pfrf bf dnv`rsdÿn `n bfs prdnodpfb`s fotdvdgfg`s g` sus `lpr`sfs.

0.6.=. Qrio`si oil`rodfb Oili s` l`nodinÿ fnt`rdirl`nt` `b ær`f oil`rodfb ef tilfgi jrfn dlpirtfnodf `n bis ûbtdlis föis, g`mdgi f hfotir`s oili s`r `b g`pfrtfl`nti `nofrjfgi g` r`fbdzfr bfs v`ntfs, `s g`odr, j`n`rfr bis dnjr`sis g` bfs `lpr`sfs fb efo`r bb`jfr b b`jfr `b md`n i s`rvdodi priguodgi fb obd`nt`. Fsì

tflmdän, `stf ær`f r`bfodinængis` oin `b g`pfrtfl`nti g` lfrc`tdnj bijrf r`fbdzfr pumbdodgfg fb priguoti i s`rvdodi qu` ihr`o`n oin bf hdnfbdgfg g` priliv`r bf oilprf, gfr f oinio`r sus ofrfot`rìstdofs y v`ntfkfs `n `b l`rofgi. l`rofgi. Qir itri bfgi, `b g`pfrtfl`nti g`pfrtfl`nti oil`rodfb s` `nofrjf `nofrjf

 

06 `n jrfn pfrt` g` j`n`rfr un s`rvdodi pist v`ntf qu` j`n`r` hdg`bdgfg pir pfrt` g`b obd`nt`, gfgi qu` s` gä bf sftdshfoodÿn titfb g` `st`. 

@n fsì qu` s`jûn bfs `ntr`vdstfs r`fbdzfgfs f bfs LDQTL@_ g`b s`otir t`xtdb pr`s`nt`s `n `b `lpirdi oil`rodfb g` Jflfrrf s` pu`g` ims`rvfr qu` `xdst`n fsp`otis f l`kirfr `n `st` g`pfrtfl`nti, bis oufb`s sin bis sdjud`nt`s; 



   Ni r`fbdzfn un `stugdi `stugdi g` l`rofgi l`rofgi pr`vdi



   Ni ointrftfn p`rsinfb p`rsinfb `sp`odfbdzfgi `sp`odfbdzfgi `n `b ær`f g` v`ntfs



   Ni efo`n usi usi g` gdv`rsfs e`rrfld`ntfs g` lfrc`tdnj



dno`ntdvis f bis trfmfkfgir`s trfmfkfgir`s g`b ær`f ær`f    Ni mrdngfn dno`ntdvis

Qfrf `bbi, s`ræ vdtfb pripin`r sibuodin`s f `stis primb`lfs g`t`otfgis oin `b hdn g` l`kirfr bf j`stdÿn g` `st` tdpi g` `lpr`sfs g`b s`otir t`xtdb. @n prdl`r bujfr, s` ims`rvÿ qu` bf jrfn lfyirìf g` LDQTL@_ LDQTL@_ t`xtdb`s g` Jflfrrf ni r`fbdzfn r`fbdzfn un `stugdi pr`vdi g` l`rofgi odhrf qu` fsod`ng` fb 51%, bi oufb gdhdoubtf `b oiniodld`nti g` su oilp`t`nodf y t`ng`nodfs g` oinsuli, `bbi `n jrfn pfrt` j`n`rf j`n`rf qu` g`sg` bf pfrt` dndodfb g`b n`jiodi n`jiodi ni s` ou`nt` oin oin un pbfn `strftäjdoi `nhioængis` `n od`rtis puntis mæsdois oin `b hdn g` bijrfr `b or`odld`nti g` bfs `lpr`sfs. @s pir `bbi qu` oinsdg`rflis qu` un punti f tilfrs` `n ou`ntf `s bf r`fbdzfodÿn g` un `stugdi g` l`rofgi pr`vdi, `b oufb oin `b hdn g` j`n`rfr l`nir jfsti g`m`rìf s`r ooilpfrtdgi ilpfrtdgi  pir un nûl`ri g` `lpr`sfs `lpr`sfs qu` qu qud`rfn d`rfn `nhiofrs` `nhiofrs` `n un ldsli s`jl`nti s`jl`nti g` l`rofgi. l`rofgi.

 

0= Dbustrfodÿn ?; ¹Edod`rin un `stugdi pr`vdi g` l`rofgi9

_d

=1%

Ni

51%

1%

61%

=1%

?1%

71%

01%

81%

:1%

51%

41%

 Hu`nt`; @bfmirfodÿn pripdf 

@n s`jungi bujfr, oinsdg`rflis qu` un fsp`oti g` l`kirf `s bf ointrftfodÿn g` p`rsinfb `sp`odfbdzfgi `n `b ær`f g` v`ntfs, pu`sti qu` oinsdg`rflis qu` `xdst`n p`rhdb`s prih`sdinfb`s n`tfl`nt` bdjfgis fb ær`f oil`rodfb, bi qu` p`rldtf l`kirfr `b ndv`b g` v`ntfs y bf sftdshfoodÿn sftd shfoodÿn g` bis obd`nt`s, yf qu` `stfs p`rsinfs ou`ntfn oin efmdbdgfg`s, fotdtug`s y ofpfodgfg`s qu`  p`rldtfn bijrfr bijrfr hdg`bdgfg `n bf ofrt`rf g` obd`nt`s. obd`nt`s. T pir bi qu` s` s` ef p`rodmdgi `n bf `ntr`vdstfs jrfn pfrt` g` bfs `lpr`sfs ni ointrftfn f gdoei p`rsinfb odhrf qu` fsod`ng` f un 46%.

Dbustrfodÿn 7; ¹Ointrftfn p`rsinfb `sp`odfbdzfgi `n `b ær`f oil`rodfb9

4%

Ni _d 46%

 Hu`nt`; @bfmirfodÿn pripdf 

@n t`ro`r bujfr, itri fsp`oti f oinsdg`rfr `s `b g` bf utdbdzfodÿn g` unf lfyir vfrd`gfg g`

e`rrfld`ntfs g` lfrc`tdnj, pu`sti qu` s` ims`rvÿ qu` tigfs bfs LDQTL@_ g`b s`otir t`xtdb g` Jflfrrf s` `nhiofn `n utdbd utdbdzfr zfr r`g`s siodfb`s. _dn `lmfrji, ni oinio`n simr` `b lfn`ki g` dngdofgir`s qu` b`s p`rldtf oinio`r `b dlpfoti g` su pumbdodgfg `n `st` tdpi g` l`gdis.

 

0? Fg`læs, oinsdg`rflis qu` fgdodinfbl`nt` s` pu`g`n utdbdzfr od`rtfs e`rrfld`ntfs g`  pumbdodgfg oili hibb`tis, pfn`b`s pfn`b`s y ointfr oin od`rtis lig`bis g` pr`ngfs g` v`stdr, v`stdr, bis oufb`s b`s p`rldtf j`n`rfr lfyir pumbdodgfg pfrf bf `lpr`sf.

Dbustrfodÿn 0; ¹Ptdbdzfn e`rrfld`ntfs g` lfrc`tdnj9 ¹Oufb`s9

4=%

611% 41% 51% :1% 81% 01% 71% ?1% =1% 61% 1%

5%

]`g`s _iodfb`s

]`g`s siodfb`s, hibb`tis

 Hu`nt`; @bfmirfodÿn pripdf

@n oufrti bujfr, fbji qu` s` bijrÿ ims`rvfr `s qu` unf jrfn pfrt` g` `st` tdpi g` `lpr`sfs ni  mrdngfn dno`ntdvis `xtrfs pir bfs v`ntfs j`n`rfgfs pir su p`rsinfb, p`rs infb, odhrf qu` fsod`ng` f 41%, bi qu` g`m` s`r un fsp`oti g` l`kirf, pu`sti qu` sfm`lis qu` `s g` vdtfb dlpirtfnodf qu` bfs  p`rsinfs s` sd`ntfn sftdsh`oefs sftdsh`oefs `n oufnti f obdlf bfmirf bfmirfbb y oflpi `oinÿldoi. @s pir pir `bbi qu` s` g`m`n mrdngfr od`rtis dno`ntdvis f bis l`kir`s v`ng`gir`s g` bfs `lpr`sfs oin `b hdn g` r`t`n`rbis y bijrfr bijrfr un lfyir or`odld`nti `n bf irjfndzfodÿn.

 

07

Dbustrfodÿn 8; ¹Oÿli lfn`kfn bis su`bgis g`b p`rsinfb p `rsinfb g` v`ntfs9

61%

41%

_u`bgis hdkis _u`bgis hdkis læs minis s`jûn t`lpirfgf

 Hu`nt`; @bfmirfodÿn pripdf 

0.6.?. Qrio`si r`our sis sis eulfnis @s dlpirtfnt` s`öfbfr, qu` f gdh`r`nodf g` bfs jrfng`s irjfndzfodin`s, bfs ldori, p`qu`öfs y l`gdfnfs `lpr`sfs (LDQTL@_), lfn`kfn `b g`sfrribbi g` su prdnodpfb fotdvi; `b ofpdtfb eulfni, g` unf lfn`rf luy gdh`r`nt` f bfs jrfng`s `lpr`sfs.

Wigf `stf dnhirlfodÿn t`ÿrdof g`m` s`r fkustfgf fb `ntirni `n `b oufb s` g`s`nvu`bv` bf `lpr`sf, sus ofpfodgfg`s y bdldtfodin`s, tilfngi `n ou`ntf sd`lpr` `b tfb`nti g` bf irjfndzfodÿn, pu`s oili yf dngdoflis r`pr`s`ntf `b fotdvi læs dlpirtfnt`.

Bf j`stdÿn g`b ofpdtfb eulfni `n bfs LDQTL@_ s` tirnf r`tfgirf, bi qu` `xdj` qu` qud`n

r`fbdzf gdoefs hunodin`s, hunodin`s, t`njf luoei g`tfbb` y `sp`odfb oudgfgi `n tilfr g`odsdin`s g`odsdin`s y `k`outfr foodin`s, yf qu` pu`g` dnvibuorfr f jrfn pfrt` g` bf `lpr`sf y imt`n`r r`subtfgis ni g`s`fgis. @n bfs `ntr`vdstfs s` bijrÿ ims`rvfr qu` jrfn pfrt` g` bfs LDQTL@_ ni mrdngf ofpfodtfodin`s oinstfnt`s oinstfnt`s f sus trfmfkfgir`s, yf qu` ni bi tilfn oili un punti r`b`vfnt` pir

 

00 `b tflföi g` bf irjfndzfodÿn y pir bf ritfodÿn oinstfnt` g` p`rsinfb, sibi un =4% ofpfodtf f sus trfmfkfgir`s.

Ofm` r`sfbtfr

qu` `s dlpirtfnt` mrdngfrb` fb p`rsinfb p`rsinfb ofpfodtfodÿn

 p`rlfn`nt` y bis læxdlis m`n`hdodis pisdmb`s pfrf dno`ntdvfrbis f qu` r`fbdo`n l`kir su trfmfki gdfrdfl`nt`. @n oufnti f bf or`fodÿn g` un g`pfrtfl`nti qu` s` `nofrju` g`b p`rsinfb, bfl`ntfmb`l`nt` luoeis `lpr`sfrdis ni or``n qu` s`f n`o`sfrdi un ær`f g` ]`oursis Eulfnis pu`s ni ointrdmuy` ointrdmuy` f bf `hdod`nodf jbimfb jbimfb g` bf irjfndzfodÿn, p`ri sd g`m` r`oinio`rs` r`oinio`rs` qu` sd gdoei g`pfrtfl`nti ni `xdstd`rf g`ntri g`b irjfndjrflf g`b  irjfndjrflf `lpr`sfrdfb t`ngrìfn luoefs gdhdoubtfg`s `n oufnti f bf j`stdÿn oirr`otf g`b p`rsinfb.

Dbustrfodÿn :; ¹Ofpfodtfn f sus trfmfkfgir trfmfkfgir`s9 `s9

51,11%

:6%

:1,11% 81,11% 01,11% 71,11%

=4%

?1,11% =1,11% 61,11% 1,11% Ni

 Hu`nt`; @bfmirfodÿn pripdf

_d, `spirægdofl`nt`

 

08 Dbustrfodÿn 5; ¹Vuä m`n`hdodis bfmirfb`s b` itirjf f su p`rsinfb9

41,11% 51,11% :1,11% 81,11% 01,11% 71,11% ?1,11% =1,11% 61,11% 1,11%

:4%

66%

_u`bgi hdki

61%

_u`bgi hdki læs m`n`hdodis _u`bgi hdki læs minis s`jûn bfmirfb`s v`ntfs

 Hu`nt`; @bfmirfodÿn pripdf

@s fsì qu` s`jûn bfs `ntr`vdstfs r`fbdzfgfs f bfs LDQTL@_ g`b s`otir t`xtdb pr`s`nt`s `n `b `lpirdi oil`rodfb g` Jflfrrf s` pu`g` ims`rvfr qu` `xdst`n fsp`otis f l`kirfr `n `st`  prio`si, bis oufb`s oufb`s sin bis sdjud`nt`s;



  Oiniodld`nti g`b obd`nt`



  Futilftdzfodÿn



  Dngdofgir`s g` g`s`lp`öi



  E`rrfld`ntfs t`onibÿjdofs



  Ofpfodtfodÿn y g`sfrribbi



  Litdvfodÿn

Oiniodld`nti g`b Obd`nt`; Eiy læs qu` nunof, jrfodfs f Dnt`rn`t efmbflis g` obd`nt`s y

 prisp`otis dnhirlfgis. @s g`odr, fnt`s g` qu` `b obd`nt` bb`ju` bb`ju` f nisitris, `s luy primfmb` qu` yf efyf dnv`stdjfgi pir su ou`ntf y t`njf unf p`ro`podÿn p`ro` podÿn hirlfgf fo`rof g` bi qu` qud`r` y bi qu` b` ihr`o` `b l`rofgi. @n bf l`gdgf `n qu` gdspinjflis g` un mu`n oiniodld`nti g`b

 

0: obd`nt` y g` sus n`o`sdgfg`s, pigr`lis t`n`r unf lfyir primfmdbdgfg g` äxdti. Pn pimr` oiniodld`nti g`b obd`nt`, pu`g` bb`vfrnis f dn`hdod`nodfs `n bf `bfmirfodÿn g` bfs pripu`stfs i dnobusi f p`rg`r ipirtundgfg`s g` v`ntf.

Futilftdzfodÿn; Gdh`r`nt`s `stugdis dngdofn qu` unf p`rsinf g` v`ntfs g`gdof l`nis g` bf t`ro`rf pfrt` g` su td`lpi f v`ng`r. F trfväs g` bfs e`rrfld`ntfs t`onibÿjdofs qu` utdbdo` bf hu`rzf oil`rodfb, `n pfrtdoubfr bf g` O]L, g`m`lis trftfr g` futilftdzfr bf lfyir ofntdgfg g` tfr`fs fgldndstrftdvfs y ip`rftdvfs pisdmb`; oirr`is g` s`judld`nti, r`jdstri g` fotdvdgfg`s, or`fodÿn g` oitdzfodin`s, or`fodÿn g` r`oirgftirdis, pbfntdbbfs g` oirr`i, `to. G`spuäs g` tigi, uni g` bis prdnodpfb`s imk`tdvis g` unf sibuodÿn g` O]L g`m` s`r bf futilftdzfodÿn g` bf hu`rzf g` v`ntfs, p`rldtd`ngi qu` bis b is `qudpis oil`rodfb`s pu`gfn g`gdofr læs td`lpi f bfmir`s qu` sin r`fbl`nt` g` v`ntf.

Dngdofgir`s g` G`s`lp`öi; @s dlpirtfnt` ointfr oin dngdofgir`s qu` p`rldtfn oinio`r `b g`s`lp`öi g` bf j`stdÿn oil`rodfb, y fsì dg`ntdhdofr ær`fs g` l`kirf. _d ni l`gdlis `b g`s`lp`öi g` bf hu`rzf g` v`ntf, gdhìodbl`nt` sfmr`lis quä g`m`lis l`kirfr. Ofgf `lpr`sf g`m` g`hdndr ouæb`s sin `sis dngdofgir`s `n bis b is qu` s` vf f `nhiofr. Fbjunfs b` gfn dlpirtfnodf sibi f bis dngdofgir`s g` v`ntfs (ipirtundgfg`s jfnfgfs, tfsf g` od`rr` g` ipirtundgfg`s ipirtundgfg`s,, odobi g` v`ntfs, `to.). Qfrf itrfs, bf j`stdÿn g` fotdvdgfg`s (bbflfgfs r`fbdzfgfs, pr`s`ntfodi pr`s`ntfodin`s, n`s, `to.) `s djufbl`nt` r`b`vfnt`. Bi dlpirtfnt` `s qu` `b `qudpi g` v`ntfs t`njf obfri ouæb`s sin `sis dngdofgir`s y b`s g`n un s`judld`nti p`rdÿgdoi.

E`rrfld`ntfs W`onibÿjdofs; @s dlpr`sodngdmb` ointfr oin sibuodin`s t`onibÿjdofs fg`oufgfs  pfrf bf hu`rzf oil`rodfb. @n pfrtdoubfr, s` g`m` gdspin`r g` unf sibuodÿn g` O]L rimustf y hb`xdmb`, qu` priv`f e`rrfld`ntfs g` futilftdzfodÿn g` hu`rzf g` v`ntfs (_HF). Pnf lfbf e`rrfld`ntf g` O]L pu`g` j`n`rfr un dlpfoti n`jftdvi n` jftdvi dnobusi `n `b l`kir `qudpi oil`rodfb.

 

05 Qir itri bfgi, tflmdän g`m`lis t`n`r `n ou`ntf tigfs fqu`bbfs e`rrfld`ntfs pfrf pig`r r`fbdzfr bf j`stdÿn oin bis b is obd`nt`s (t`bähini, oirr`i `b`otrÿndoi, ofb`ngfrdi, e`rrfld`ntfs oibfmirftdvfs, `to.). Dg`fbl`nt`, tigfs g`m`n t`n`r fbjûn tdpi g` dnt`jrfodÿn oin bf sibuodÿn g` O]L. Fsì ni s` j`n`rfræn sdbis g` dnhirlfodÿn y t`ngr`lis unf vdsdÿn oilpb`tf g` bfs dnt`rfoodin`s oin `b obd`nt`.

Ofpfodtfodÿn y G`sfrribbi; @n luoefs `lpr`sfs bf mfkf priguotdvdgfg g`b `qudpi g` v`ntfs s` g`m` f qu` ni `xdst` un prio`si r`jubfr g` ofpfodtfodÿn, ni sibi `n `b pirtfhibdi g` priguotis i s`rvdodis, sdni tflmdän `n `b prio`si oil`rodfb, `n bfs e`rrfld`ntfs t`onibÿj t`onibÿjdofs dofs qu` utdbdzfn i `n bfs efmdbdgfg`s g` v`ntf. v`ntf. @n bf l`gdgf `n qu` bf hu`rzf g` v`ntfs v`ntfs t`njf `b oiniodld`nti fg`oufgi pfrf r`fbdzfr su j`stdÿn, su bfmir s`ræ læs `h`otdvf. _` g`m`n prijrflfr s`sdin`s  p`rdÿgdofs g` ofpfodtfodÿn `n fqu`bbis t`lfs qu` s` oinsdg`r` qu` pu`g`n l`kirfr su g`s`lp`öi.

Litdvfodÿn; Bf litdvfodÿn `n un `qudpi g` v`ntfs ni sibi `stæ bdjfgf f un lig`bi g` oilp`nsfodÿn f trfväs g`b oufb `b `lpb`fgi r`odm` dno`ntdvis `oinÿldois g` fou`rgi f sus v`ntfs. Wflmdän `stæ r`bfodinfgf oin `b bdg`rfzji qu` s` `k`rzf simr` `b `qudpi, `b r`oiniodld`nti f sus bijris y bf hirlf `n qu` pig`lis j`n`rfr unf oilp`t`nodf sfnf `ntr` bis ld`lmris g` bf hu`rzf oil`rodfb. Pnf täondof qu` pu`g` fpbdofrs` y qu` p`rldt` l`kirfr bf priguotdvdgfg g` bis `qudpis g` v`ntf, `s bf jfldhdofodÿn, bf oufb `s unf fpbdofodÿn g` `strft`jdfs g` ku`ji `n `ntirnis g` trfmfki oin `b imk`tdvi g` litdvfr f un `qudpi. Fbjunfs sibuodin`s g` O]L dnoirpirfn `stis oino`ptis i pu`g`n s`r oilpb`l`ntfgis oin itrfs

fpbdofodin`s.

 

04

0.6.7 Qrio`si priguotdvi Qfrf tigi prio`si priguotdvi, `b dndodi `s hungfl`ntfb. @b gds`öi g`b priguoti `s `b dndodi pfrf bis prio`sis t`xtdb`s y g` oinh`oodin`s3 pir bi tfnti, bf obfv` hungfl`ntfb rfgdof `n `b gds`öi y g`sfrribbi g`b priguoti. @b gds`öi y g`sfrribbi g` priguoti, `n `stis td td`lpis `lpis g` jbimfbdzfodÿn y oflmdis sdjndhdoftdvis, tilf lfyir r`b`vfnodf pfrf tigi tdpi g` irjfndzfodÿn `lpr`sfrdfb g`b rumri t`xtdb, sd fnt`s `rf dlpirtfnt`, feirf bi, `s læs.

Qir un bfgi bf jrfn lfyirìf g` bfs LDQTL@_ pfrf bf priguoodÿn g` t`xtdb`s r`qud`r` g` unf s`rd` g` hfotir`s, bi qu` dnobuy` prdnodpfbl`nt` f bis md`n`s g` ofpdtfb, f bis dnsulis y f bf lfni g` imrf. @s pir `bbi, qu` `b :4% ou`ntf oin lfqudnfrdf pripdf y `b =6% t`ro`rdzf bf  priguoodÿn. G` `s` ligi, un foo`si læs hæodb y l`nis oistisi f tfb`s hfotir`s hfot ir`s trf`ræ oili oins`ou`nodf oins`ou`no df qu` bf ih`rtf ful`nt`. Qfrf `b ofsi g` bf dngustrdf t`xtdb p`rufnf, bf gdspindmdbdgfg g` `stis hfotir`s ef p`rldtdgi `b ful`nti g` bf priguoodÿn `n bis föis r`od`nt`s.

Dbustrfodÿn 4; ¹Ou`ntfn oin lfqudnfrdf pripdf i fbqudbfgf9 f bqudbfgf9 41,11% 51,11% :1,11% 81,11% 01,11% 71,11% ?1,11% =1,11% 61,11% 1,11%

:4%

=6%

Qripdf

W`ro`rdzfgf

 Hu`nt`; @bfmirfodÿn pripdf

 

81 Qir ûbtdli, bf `xt`nsf `xp`rd`nodf `xp`rd`nodf `n bf priguoodÿn t`xtdb ef e`oei qu` `xdstf unf jrfn ih`rtf fg`oufgf g` lfni g` imrf ofbdhdofgf3 `s pir `bbi qu` `b 0:% ou`ntf oin = turnis g` trfmfki y `b 7?% oin tr`s turnis g` trfmfki.

Dbustrfodÿn 61; ¹Ouæntis turnis g` trfmfki td`n`n bfs `lpr`sfs9

81,11%

0:% 7?%

01,11% 71,11% ?1,11%

= turnis

=1,11%

? turnis

61,11% 1,11% = turnis

? turnis

 Hu`nt`; @bfmirfodÿn pripdf

@n fsì qu` s`jûn bfs `ntr`vdstfs r`fbdzfgfs f bfs LDQTL@_ g`b s`otir t`xtdb pr`s`nt`s `n `b @lpirdi Oil`rodfb g` Jflfrrf s` pu`g` ims`rvfr qu` `xdst`n fsp`otis f l`kirfr `n `st` g`pfrtfl`nti, bis oufb`s sin bis sdjud`nt`s;

 Nu`vis priguotis;

Pn priguoti nu`vi td`n` qu` t`n`r un vfbir fjr`jfgi r`sp`oti f bis g`læs priguotis g`b l`rofgi. @b priguoti pu`g` s`r titfbl`nt` nu`vi y sftdshfo`r unf n`o`sdgfg ni sftdsh`oef efstf `b lil`nti.

Bfs prdnodpfb`s rfzin`s pfrf bfnzfr un nu`vi priguoti td`n`n qu` v`r oin; 

  Fg`oufrs` f bis oflmdis g`b `ntirni

 

86 

  Oint`ndgi g` bf `lpr`sf



  X`ntfkf t`onibÿjdofs t `onibÿjdofs



  Qisdmdbdgfg g` j`n`rfr hbukis lin`tfrdis sup`rdir`s



  Flpbdfodÿn g` bf ouitf g` l`rofgi



  Fvfno` g` bf dlfj`n g` bf `lpr`sf

@n bf fotufbdgfg, `b l`rofgi g` eiy `s sulfl`nt` oilp`tdtdvi, g`mdgi f qu` bis oinsuldgir`s `stæn læs dnhirlfgis qu` nunof y `xdj`n ofgf v`z læs. Qfrf s`r oilp`tdtdvis s` n`o`sdtf g`sfrribbfr nu`vis priguotis oinstfnt`l`nt` pfrf fsì pig`r gdh`r`nodfrs` `n `b l`rofgi. Ni efy ipodÿn; dnnivfr i lirdr. Fnt`s g` dnv`rtdr `n un nu`vi priguoti `s dlpr`sodngdmb` dnv`stdjfr `b l`rofgi pfrf g`soumrdr bfs n`o`sdgfg`s bft`nt`s qu` efy `n äb, un priguoti qu` ni s` n`o`sdtf, ni `xdst`. Qfrf bfs `lpr`sfs qu` efn o`ntrfgi su dnt`räs `n `b oinsuldgir, `stæ luy obfri qu` sibi sd dg`ntdhdofn bfs n`o`sdgfg`s g` `st` y bijrfn sftdshfo`rbfs f trfväs g` sus priguotis t`ngræn äxdti `n `b l`rofgi. @sti `s unf oingdodÿn n`o`sfrdf pfrf oilp`tdr `n `b l`rofgi g` eiy. _dn `lmfrji, `stf sdtufodÿn fdsbfgf yf ni `s suhdod`nt`; bfs `lpr`sfs g` eiy td`n`n qu`  pr`ioupfrs` ni sibi sibi pir `b oins oinsuldgir, uldgir, sdni tflmdän pir sus oilp`tdgir`s.

G`sfrribbi g` priguotis; _in bfs fotdvdgfg`s pr`vdfs fb prio`si priguotdvi, qu` g`t`rldnfn bfs pripd`gfg`s y r`qu`rdld`ntis sibdodtfgis pir bis obd`nt`s. @stis r`qu`rdld`ntis g`m`n s`r trfnsldtdgis g`

lfn`rf obfrf y pr`odsf.

Qrdnodpdis hungfl`ntfb`s; 

  @b priguoti g`m` s`r vdfmb` `n priguoodÿn. priguoodÿn.

 

8= 

  G`m` `stfr foirg` fb oisti.



  G`m` musofr bf lfyir hb`xdmdbdgfg foirg` oin bf `strft`jdf g` bf `lpr`sf.



  @b p`rsinfb qu` td`n` bf r`spinsfmdbdgfg g` g`hdndr `b priguoti g`m` t`n`r titfb

oiniodld`nti g`b prio`si priguotdvi. 

  Bis ofnfb`s g` oilundofodÿn y r`trifbdl`ntfodÿn r`trifbd l`ntfodÿn g`m`n `stfr obfrfl`nt` `stfmb`odgis `stfmb`odgis..

 

8?

0.6.0. Qrio`si bijìstdoi @n bf fotufbdgfg, bfs `lpr`sfs qu` hfmrdofn priguotis t`xtdb`s `bfmirfgis, `sp`odfbl`nt`  pr`ngfs t`rldnfgfs, g`m`n pr`s`ntfr `n sus `struoturfs bijìstdofs, ouftri tdpis t dpis g` fotdvdgfg`s  md`n

gdh`r`nodfgfs

pir

sus

hirlfs

y

imk`tdvis

dnl`gdftis.

@stis tr`s tdpis g` fotdvdgfg`s bijìstdofs sin;  

Bijìstdof g` bf priguoodÿn

 

Bijìstdof g` priguotis s`ld`bfmirfgis. s`ld`bfmirfgis.

 

Bijìstdof g` gdstrdmuodÿn.

 

Bijìstdof Dnv`rsf.









@stis ouftri tdpis td`n`n imk`tdvis dnl`gdftis md`n gdh`r`nodfgis, p`ri oinou`rgfn `n un ldsli hdn, `b oufb oinsdst` `n fmfst`o`r f un l`rofgi l`tf, `n td`lpi y hirlf, t`nd`ngi luy `n ou`ntf bis r`qu`rdld`ntis pfrtdoubfr`s g`b s`jl`nti g` l`rofgi `b`jdgi pfrf ip`rfr y fmfst`o`r.

Bijìstdof g` bf priguoodÿn;

@n bf fotufbdgfg, bf priguoodÿn g` pr`ngfs t`rldnfgfs pir pfrt` g` dngustrdfs t`xtdb`s pr`s`ntf pr `s`ntf vfrdfgfs hirlfs qu` g`p`ng`n g` bfs n`o`sdgfg`s g` ofgf `lpr`sf. Bf bijìstdof g` bf priguoodÿn `n bf dngustrdf t`xtdb r`qud`r` g` unf ldnuodisf sdnorindzfodÿn

`ntr` bis gdh`r`nt`s oilpin`nt`s g` bf priguoodÿn g` pr`ngfs t`rldnfgfs. Bf oiirgdnfodÿn g` bfs `tfpfs g` gds`öi, libg`rìf, oirt`, pr`pfrfodÿn g` fvdis, oinh`oodÿn y t`rldnfodÿn, r`qud`r`n g` unf j`stdÿn bijìstdof fg`oufgf, qu` `ntd`ngf f ofgf uni g` bis prio`sis oili dlpr`sodngdmb` pfrf bb`vfr f ofmi oin äxdti bf priguoodÿn g` pr`ngfs oin fbtis `stængfr`s g`

 

87 ofbdgfg. Bf t`ro`rdzfodÿn g` bfs `tfpfs g` oinh`oodÿn y t`rldnfodÿn `n p`qu`öis i l`gdfnis tfbb`r`s, bf j`stdÿn g`b fmfst`odld`nti g` fvdis, tfnti pfrf bf b f oinh`oodÿn, oili tflmdän pfrf bf t`rldnfodÿn g` bf pr`ngf, bf j`stdÿn g`b sorfp y `b oulpbdld`nti g` pbfzis g` `ntr`jf, pir trftfrs` `n j`n`rfb g` priguotis oin oilprildsis g`t`rldnfgis pir t`lpirfgfs g` v`ntf, t`ng`nodfs g` ligf y pir priguotis g`stdnfgis f g`t`rldnfgis s`jl`ntis g` obd`nt`s oinstdtuy`n bis primb`lfs læs oilun`s y læs gdhìodb`s g` r`sibv`r qu` s` pr`s`ntfn pfrf bf bijìstdof g` bf priguoodÿn `n bf dngustrdf t`xtdb.

Bijìstdof g` priguotis s`ld`bfmirfgis; s`ld`bfmirfgis;

Efo` r`h`r`nodf f bf fotdvdgfg bijìstdof g`stdnfgf fb fblfo`nfld`nti g` priguotis t`xtdb`s, `n  pb`ni prio`si priguotdvi. Bis priguotis s`ld`bfmirfgis, r`qud`r`n g` un fblfo`nfld`nti fblfo`nfld`nti irg`nfgi, pfrf qu` pu`gfn ftrfv`sfr bf `tfpf g` t`rldnfodÿn g` lfn`rf `hdod`nt`. @s dngdsp`nsfmb`, pfrf bf j`stdÿn g` pr`ngfs `n `st` `stfgdi, `b fblfo`nfld`nti `n bujfr`s `sp`odfbl`nt` gds`öfgis gds`öfgis pfrf `st` tdpi g` pr`ngfs. @b fblfo`nfld`nti fblfo`nfld`nti `n ofkfs oint`n`girfs, `n ofntdgfg`s `stfngfrdzfgfs, s`jûn s`jûn `b tdpi g` pr`ngf, `s unf g` bfs hirlfs r`oil`ngfmb`s pfrf su foipdi. Wflmdän `b foipdi `n mibsfs `s unf lfn`rf vdfmb`, sd s` musof un fblfoän læs `oinÿldoi. @n flmis ofsis, `s dngdsp`nsfmb` `b ointrib g` ofntdgfg`s, (yf s`f pir pdc`i, i oint`i lfnufb) y bf gdspisdodÿn g` bf l`rofg`rìf s`j s`jûn ûn ofgf tdpi g` pr`ngf.

Bijìstdof g` gdstrdmuodÿn;

Bf bijìstdof g` gdstrdmuodÿn `s sulfl`nt` dlpirtfnt` `n `b äxdti i hrfofsi g` bfs `lpr`sfs g`gdofgfs f bf oil`rodfbdzfodÿn, tfnti g` pr`ngfs t`rldnfgfs oili g` priguotis t`xtdb`s g` t`ng`nodf.

 

80

@b oirr`oti fmfst`odld`nti g` puntis g` v`ntf `n td`lpi y hirlf, `s sdn bujfr f gugfs `b  primb`lf læs gdhìodb g` sirt`fr pfrf fqu`bbfs p`rsinfs qu` g`s``n g`s`lp`öfr g`s`lp`öfr `stf fotdvdgfg oin `hdod`nodf y `hdofodf. @ntr` bfs sibuodin`s vdfmb`s pfrf `st` primb`lf, `b iutsiurodnj `s unf ipodÿn qu` vd`n` jfnfngi t`rr`ni, oili iourr` `n `b r`sti g` bf bijìstdof g` gdstrdmuodÿn bb`vfgf

f

ofmi

pir

oilpföìfs

g`

itris

rumris

fk`nis

fb

t`xtdb.

 Ni imstfnt`, sd md`n bf t`ro`rdzfodÿn g`b trfnspirt`, `s bf t`ng`nodf pr`ping`rfnt` pr`ping`rfnt` `n bf gdstrdmuodÿn g` md`n`s g` oinsuli, `n `b rumri t`xtdb gdoei oilpin`nt` r`subtf m`n`hdodisi g`sg` `b punti g` vdstf g` oistis. _dn `lmfrji, ni `s unf jfrfntìf pfrf bf `hdod`nodf g` bf ip`rfodÿn, simr` tigi, sd bf gdstrdmuodÿn, `stæ r`bfodinfgf oin `b fmfst`odld`nti g` biofb`s  pripdis.

Bijìstdof dnv`rsf;

Oin un p`si ofgf v`z læs r`b`vfnt` `n `st` tdpi g` dngustrdf, bf bijìstdof dnv`rsf s` ef oinv`rtdgi `n unf v`ntfkf oilp`tdtdvf g` bfs `lpr`sfs bìg`r`s pir simr` `b r`sti. Bf j`stdÿn g`  pr`ngfs pfrf r`oup`ri g` pfrt`s, pr`ngfs hfbbfgfs, pr`ngfs g` ointrf t`lpirfgf, r`ofbbs y bf j`stdÿn g` bf ofbdgfg oili ligi g` r`dnjr`si g` pr`ngfs f bf ofg`nf g` vfbir, oinstdtuy`n bfs fotdvdgfg`s læs dlpirtfnt`s g` `st` tdpi g` bijìstdof.

@n bf fotufbdgfg, bf bijìstdof `n `b l`rofgi t`xtdb oinstdtuy` unf fotdvdgfg hungfl`ntfb pfrf `b bdg`rfzji g` un s`jl`nti g` l`rofgi. @k`lpbis oili `b g` bf lubtdnfodinfb g` irdj`n `spföib Dngdt`x i bf tflmdän `spföibf Lfnji lfrofn bf dlpirtfnodf g` bf fotdvdgfg `n `b äxdti g` unf

 

88 oilpföìf, pfrf `sti, bf fg`oufgf oilpb`l`ntfodÿn g` `stis ouftri tdpis g` bijìstdof t`xtdb r`subtf sdn bujfr f gugfs dngdsp`nsf dngdsp`nsfmb`. mb`. Qfrf t`n`r un mu`n g`s`lp`öi `n bfs fotdvdgfg`s bijìstdofs pir pfrt` g` bfs LDQTL@_ `n bf fotdvdgfg t`xtdb, vd`n` fgqudrd`ngi, unf dlpirtfnodf ofgf v`z læs r`b`vfnt` `b mu`n hunodinfld`nti g` `stfs, `n bis l`rofgis ging` ip`rfn. Bf j`stdÿn g`b fmfst`odld`nti `n bis  prio`sis priguotdvis, `b lfn`ki g` g`pÿsdtis, g`pÿsdtis, bf bijìstdof g` gdstrdmuodÿn y bf j`stdÿn g` bf bijìstdof dnv`rsf, oinvd`rt` f bf fotdvdgfg bijìstdof, oinsdg`rfg oinsdg`rfgff oili oinkunti, `n `b frlf læs dlpirtfnt` g` unf `lpr`sf pfrf bijrfr gdh`r`nodfrs` g` sus oilp`tdgir`s. @b 84% g` bfs LDQTL@_ ou`ntf oin gdv`rsis priv``gir`s pfrf fsì pig`r imt`n`r `b priguoti hdnfb.

Dbustrfodÿn 66; ¹Oÿli `s su prio`si g` fmfst`odld`nti g` dnsulis9

:%

6=%

_` oilprf `n vibûl`n`s jrfng`s s`jûn t`lpirfgf y s` oinh`oodinf _` oilprf pir lfyir y s` oinh`oodinf _` oilprf s`jûn r`qu`rdld`ntis y s` oinh`oodinf

56%

 Hu`nt`; @bfmirfodÿn pripdf 

 

8:

Bf lfyirìf g` LDQTL@_ ni utdbdzfn i lfn`kfn un sdst`lf g` dnv`ntfrdis qu` b`s p`rldtf lfyir `hdod`nodf `n `st` prio`si oin bf l`rofg`rìf, sibi un ?=% td`n` un sdst`lf g` dnv`ntfrdis. Fg`læs, ni lfn`kfn un stioc pir bi qu` sus fotdvdgfg`s s` rdj`n `n mfs` fb gìf f gìf. Dbustrfodÿn 6=; Vuä tdpi g` pr`supu`sti lfn`kfn9

?=%

Ni _d 85%

 Hu`nt`; @bfmirfodÿn pripdf

Dbustrfodÿn 6?; Oÿli `s bf gdstrdmuodÿn g` bf l`rofg`rìf t`rldnfgf9

01,11% 70,11% 71,11% ?0,11% ?1,11% =0,11% =1,11% 60,11% 61,11% 0,11% 1,11%

77% ?=% =7%

_` ointfmdbdzf y s` bb`vf f td`ngf pfrf v`ng`rs`

_` gdstrdmuy` f bfs td`ngfs s`jûn g`odsdÿn g` bf gu`öf

_` efo` un ointrib g` ofbdgfg, s` ointfmdbdzf, `nvu`bv` y gdstrdmuy`

 Hu`nt`; @bfmirfodÿn pripdf  pripdf 

 

85

Ofpìtubi XD; Oinobusdin`s y r`oil`ngfodin`s OINOBP_DIN@_ @b imk`tdvi prdnodpfb g` bf dnv`stdjfodÿn hu` `stfmb`o`r fsp`otis r`b`vfnt`s g` bf r`fbdgfg g` bfs `lpr`sfs t`xtdb`s g`b gdstrdti g` bf Xdotirdf pfrf r`oil`ngfr fbt`rnftdvfs g` sibuodÿn qu`  p`rldtfn l`kirfr `b ndv`b g` oilp`tdtdvdgfg `n `b s`otir. _imr` `sf mfs`, s` pbfnt`frin ouftri imk`tdvis `sp`oìhdois. f) Oilpr`ng`r bfs pibìtdofs y `strft`jdfs g`b s`otir t`xtdb fpbdofgfs pir bfs LDQTL@_3 m) G`t`rldnfr bfs prdnodpfb`s prd nodpfb`s ofusfs qu` dlpbdof dlpbdofnn `b hrfofsi `lpr`sfrdfb `n `b s`otir t`xtdb g` bfs LDQTL@_3 o) @stfmb`o`r `b dlpfoti `n tärldnis qu` bf `lpr`sf bijr` `b äxdti `sp`rfgi y g) Hirlubfr r`oil`ngfodin`s pfrf bf l`kirf g` bf j`stdÿn g` bfs LDQTL@_ `n `b s`otir t`xtdb. @b fnæbdsds g` bis r`subtfgis g`b ofpìtubi pr`vdi dnt`jri bf dnhirlfodÿn  priv`nd`nt` g` bfs `ntr`vdstfs `n `b @lpirdi Oil`rodfb g` Jflfrrf, `sti p`rldtdÿ oumrdr bis imk`tdvis pbfnt`fgis tfnti f ndv`b j`n`rfb oili f ndv`b `sp`odhdoi. @n `s` s`ntdgi, f ointdnufodÿn s` pr`s`ntfn bfs oinobusdin`s g`b gdfjnÿstdoi r`fbdzfgi `n ofgf unf g` bfs ær`fs  prdnodpfb`s g` bfs LDQTL@_ g`b s`otir s`otir t`xtdb. 6.  ]`sp`oti fb prio`si hdnfnod`ri, s` ef g`t`rldnfgi qu` `b pr`supu`sti qu` lfn`kfn `st` tdpi g` `lpr`sfs `n su lfyirìf `s pir un p`rdigi l`nsufb i s`l`strfb, bi qu` p`rldt` oinio`r bf piof pbfndhdofodÿn qu` `xdst` g` bis dnjr`sis y `jr`sis `n l`gdfni y bfrji  pbfzi. Fsdldsli, unf jrfn pfrt` g` `stfs `lpr`sfs fûn ni s` fgfptf f bis oflmdis

t`onibÿjdois r`od`nt`s, oin `sti nis r`h`rdlis `n `sp`oìhdoi f bf utdbdzfodÿn g`b QI_, yf qu` `stf e`rrfld`ntf ef oimrfgi dlpirtfnodf pir bf s`jurdgfg g` bf r`fbdzfodÿn g` bis pfjis `n td`lpi r`fb. Qir itri bfgi, `st` tdpi g` `lpr`sfs ou`ntfn oin piof dnhirlfodÿn g` `ntdgfg`s hdnfnod`rfs y bis m`n`hdodis qu` `stfs pu`g`n mrdngfr f bfs

 

84 ldori, p`qu`öfs y l`gdfnfs `lpr`sfs, oin r`sp`oti f prästflis y f bfs tfsfs g` dnt`r`s`s mfkfs qu` ihr`o`n. =.  Oin r`bfodÿn fb prio`si oil`rodfb, e`lis imt`ndgi oili gfti dlpirtfnt` bf fus`nodf g` un `stugdi g` l`rofgi pr`vdi, `s g`odr, `st` tdpi g` `lpr`sfs ni oinio`n simr` n`o`sdgfg`s, oilp`t`nodf, pr`h`r`nodfs g`b oinsuldgir, `ntr` itrfs e`rrfld`ntfs  mæsdofs fnt`s g` g` dndodfr sus n`jiodis n`jiodis y qu` b`s p`rldt` oilp`tdr oin oin djufb oingdodin`s oingdodin`s g` pfrdgfg oin `lpr`sfs qu` sd efo`n utdbdzfodÿn g` unf dnv`stdjfodÿn. dnv`stdjfodÿn. Fsdldsli, itri  punti dlpirtfnt` `s bf ointrftfodÿn g` p`rsinfb qu` `n su lfyirìf lfyirìf ni sin `sp`odfbdzfgis `n `b ær`f oil`rodfb, tfnti `n `b ær`f g` v`ntfs oili lfrc`tdnj, bi qu` `s unf g`sv`ntfkf, pu`sti qu` ni s` bijrf bi `sp`rfgi, `n `stf bìn`f `s dlpirtfnt` g`stfofr qu` bf lfyirìf g` `stfs `lpr`sfs ni mrdngfn dno`ntdvis f bis trfmfkfgir`s g` `st` ær`f, yf qu` ou`ntfn oin un su`bgi hdki y ni s` b`s gf minis `xtrfs r`bfodinfgis oin bf ofntdgfg g` v`ntfs. Qir itri bfgi, `b lfrc`tdnj ef oimrfgi r`b`vfnodf `n bis ûbtdlis föis, `n `b ofsi g` bfs LDQTL@_ g`b @lpirdi Oil`rodfb g` Jflfrrf utdbdzfn `n su lfyirìf dnstrul`ntis oili r`g`s siodfb`s. _dn `lmfrji, ni td`n`n t d`n`n oiniodld`nti simr` bis dngdofgir`s qu` p`rldt`n oinio`r `b jrfgi g` dlpfoti i vdsufbdzfodÿn pir  pfrt` g` bis usufrdis usufrdis g` bfs r`g`s ?.  @n oufnti fb prio`si g` r`oursis eulfnis, uni g` bis hfotir`s læs dlpirtfnt`s `s `b `sofsi ihr`odld`nti g` ofpfodtfodin`s f bis trfmfkfgir`s, tr fmfkfgir`s, pu`sti qu` luoefs g` `stfs `lpr`sfs sdlpb`l`nt` g`odg`n ni efo`r `stfs fotdvdgfg`s oin `b hdn hd n g` gdsldnudr oistis

i bi efo`n luy piofs v`o`s, `sti s` g`m` fb g`soiniodld`nti g` bf dlpirtfnodf g` qu` bis trfmfkfgir`s s` `nou`ntr`n fotufbdzfgis g` gdstdntis oiniodld`ntis y r`oursis ûtdb`s. Fsdldsli, s` oinsdg`rf r`b`vfnt` qu` bis oibfmirfgir`s s` `nou`ntr`n sftdsh`oeis oin tigis bis hfotir`s qu` b` ihr`o`n bfs `lpr`sfs, uni g` `bbis `b fsp`oti

 

:1 `oinÿldoi. _dn `lmfrji, `st` tdpi g` `lpr`sfs su`b`n mrdngfr sibfl`nt` un su`bgi hdki sdn ndnjûn itri tdpi g` r`oiniodld`nti. 7.  @b prio`si priguotdvi `n `st` tdpi g` `lpr`sfs s` ofrfot`rdzf pir s`r `n su lfyirìf g`hdod`nt`, pu`sti qu` f p`sfr g` bf ofbdgfg g` bis priguotis t`xtdb`s, `stis td`n`n bfrjis td`lpis g` `sp`rf `n bf priguoodÿn, yf s`f pir bis dnsulis usfgis i pir bf lfqudnfrdf utdbdzfgf, bf oufb `n jrfn pfrt` `s pripdf y td`n` un odobi g` vdgf g` ? f 0 föis, g`p`ngd`ngi g`b jrfgi y td`lpi g` utdbdzfodÿn. Qir itri bfgi, bis `lpr`sfrdis g` `stfs `lpr`sfs `n su lfyirìf g`odg`n ointfr oin = f ? turnis g` trfmfki `n bf priguoodÿn, bi oufb ni p`rldt` qu` luoefs v`o`s `xdstf un fbti piro`ntfk` g` ritfodÿn bfmirfb. 0.  ]`sp`oti fb prio`si g` bijìstdof, uni g` bis hfotir`s læs g`t`rldnfnt`s `s bf fus`nodf g` un sdst`lf g` lfn`ki g` dnv`ntfrdis, qu` b`s p`rldtf bb`vfr g` unf lfn`rf læs `hdofz `b stioc, `ntrfgfs y sfbdgfs g` dnsulis y priguotis t`rldnfgis. Fg`læs, `st` tdpi g` `lpr`sfs `n su lfyirìf ou`ntfn oin vfrd`gfg g` priv``gir`s. _dn `lmfrji, `b  prio`si g` fmfst`odld`nti f sus obd`nt`s fb pir lfyir oili pir l`nir, `n jrfn  piro`ntfk` ni ou`ntf oin un ointrib ointrib g` ofbdgfg ofbdgfg pr`vdi qu` b`s p`rldtf p`rldtf oinio`r simr` bf hirlf oili s` `stæ `ntr`jfngi bis priguotis. 8.  Fg`læs, nu`strf dnv`stdjfodÿn nis ef p`rldtdgi oinobudr simr` `b fbti jrfgi g` dnhirlfbdgfg `xdst`nt` `n bfs `lpr`sfs g` `stf zinf, bi qu` ef priviofgi `b `stfnofld`nti i pioi or`odld`nti g`b @lpirdi Oil`rodfb g` Jflfrrf `n bis ûbtdlis

föis, pu`sti qu` bfs odhrfs g` `st` primb`lf sin fbfrlfnt`s.

 

:6

]@OIL@NGFODIN@_ 6.  @n oufnti f bfs r`oil`ngfodin`s, bf prdl`rf `stfræ `nhiofgf `n `b prio`si hdnfnod`ri,  pu`sti qu` `s dlpirtfnt` bf oirr`otf fgldndstrfodÿn g` bis vfbir`s `oinÿldois `n bfs `ntdgfg`s pfrf su or`odld`nti f l`gdfni y bfrji pbfzi. Qfrf `bbi, s`ræ dlpirtfnt` qu` bfs LDQTL@_ g`b @lpirdi pu`gfn pbfndhdofr sus pr`supu`stis pir p`rdigis g` td`lpis djufb`s i lfyir`s f un föi, g` `stf hirlf b`s p`rldt` g`sfrribbfr `strft`jdfs y imk`tdvis  pir p`rdigis g` td`lpi y vdsufbdzfr `b oulpbdld`nti oulpbdld`nti g` `stis `stis f trfv trfväs äs g` bf oilpfrfodÿn g` bi pbfndhdofgi oin bi r`fbdzfgi. Fsdldsli, `st` tdpi g` `lpr`sfs g`m`n `lp`zfr f fgfptfrs` f bis gdstdntis oflmdis t`onibÿjdois y f bfs n`o`sdgfg`s g` bis oinsuldgir`s, `s g`odr, utdbdzfodÿn g` gdv`rsfs e`rrfld`ntfs oili `b QI_, pu`sti qu` jrfn pfrt` g` bf  pimbfodÿn oinsdg`rf qu` `st` dnstrul`nti g` pfji `s læs s`juri, g`mdgi f bf fbtf tfsf g` g`bdnou`nodf `n nu`strf ofpdtfb. Qir ûbtdli, `s dlpirtfnt` qu` `xdstf dnt`rv`nodÿn  pir pfrt` g` bfs `ntdgfg`s hdnfnod`rfs f trfväs g` gdstdntfs ofpfodtfodin`s ofpfodtfodin`s y mrdngfr dnhirlfodÿn oinstfnt` f bis `lpr`sfrdis fo`rof g` bfs tfsfs g` dnt`r`s`s ihr`odgfs pfrf bfs LDQTL@_. =.  @n oufnti fb prio`si oil`rodfb, s` r`oild`ngf qu` `stfs `lpr`sfs r`fbdo`n un `stugdi g` l`rofgi pr`vdi pfrf oinio`r læs fo`rof g` bfs pr`h`r`nodfs g`b oinsuldgir y g` sus  pit`nodfb`s oilp`tdgir`s, g` `stf lfn`rf b`s s`f pisdmb` `bfmirfr `strft`jdfs læs `hdofo`s pfrf pisdodinfrs` `n bf l`nt` g` sus obd`nt`s, pfrf `bbi oinsdg`rflis qu` `b

`stugdi g` l`rofgi pu`g` r`fbdzfrs` f trfväs g` bf fjrupfodÿn g` fqu`bbfs `ntdgfg`s qu` t`njfn `n l`nt` l`rofgis sdldbfr`s sdldbfr`s oili pir `k`lpbi `b g` ndöis, luk`r`s i vfrin`s, vfrin`s, oin `b hdn g` r`guodr bf dnv`rsdÿn dndodfb. Qir itri bfgi, `s r`oil`ngfm r`oil`ngfmb` b` qu` `xdstf `n bf `lpr`sf unf p`rsinf qu` oinizof simr` fbjunis `b`l`ntis g` lfrc`tdnj y `b lfn`ki g` r`g`s siodfb`s, fsì oili `b oiniodld`nti simr` bis dngdofgir`s qu` p`rldt`n sfm`r

 

:= simr` `b dlpfoti g` bfs pumbdofodin`s `n bis usufrdis. Qir ûbtdli, f p`sfr g` qu` bfs LDQTL@_ s` ofrfot`rdzfn pir pis``r piois trfmfkfgir`s `n sus `lpr`sfs. _dn `lmfrji, oinsdg`rflis r`b`vfnt` qu` gdoefs p`rsinfs s`fn bfs oirr`otfs pfrf g`s`lp`öfr bfs hunodin`s g` bf l`kir lfn`rf pisdmb`, yf qu` gdv`rsis `stugdis r`sfbtfn bf dlpirtfnodf g`b ofpdtfb eulfni `n bfs oilpföìfs y qu` gdoei p`rsinfb ou`nt` oin efmdbdgfg`s y ofpfodgfg`s qu` b`s p`rldtf g`s`lp`öfr sus ofrjis g` bf lfn`rf læs `hdofz pisdmb`. Fsdldsli, `s n`o`sfrdi lfnt`n`r sftdsh`oei f nu`stri p`rsinfb f trfväs g` gdv`rsis dno`ntdvis oili minis pir oulpbdld`nti g` l`tfs.

?.  ]`sp`oti fb prio`si g` r`oursis eulfnis, `st` ær`f ef oimrfgi r`b`vfnodf `n bis ûbtdlis föis pir bf dlpirtfnodf g`b ofpdtfb eulfni `n bfs `lpr`sfs pir bi qu` `s r`oil`ngfmb` y hungfl`ntfb `b ful`nti g` ofpfodtfodin`s pfrf `b p`rsinfb, pu`sti qu` f trfväs g` `stfs r`undin`s g` fpr`ngdzfk` s` b`s pu`g` trfnsldtdr oiniodld`ntis hungfl`ntfb`s qu` b`s p`rldtf l`kirfr su trfmfki y `nointrfrs` læs sftdsh`oeis, g` bf ldslf hirlf bfs `lpr`sfs g`m`n `vfbufr mrdngfr dno`ntdvis `xtrfs fb su`bgi hdki, hdk i, oili  m`n`hdodis bfmirfb`s, yf qu` luoefs v`o`s jrfn pfrt` g` sus trfmfkfgir`s ni s` `nou`ntrfn `n pbfndbbf i ni s` b`s mrdngf minis pir oulpbdld`nti g` l`tfs, bi qu` j`n`rf unf fbtf tfsf g` ritfodÿn bfmirfb.

7.  F ndv`b g` prio`si priguotdvi `s r`oil`ngfmb` qu` bis td`lpis g` `sp`rf `n bf

 priguoodÿn gdsldnuyfn, yf s`f pir `b oirr`oti usi g` dnsulis d nsulis i pir bf ofbdgfg ofbd gfg g` bf lfqudnfrdf, bf oufb td`n` odobi g` vdgf oirtis y f p`sfr g` s`r pripdf, luoefs v`o`s ni oulpb` oin bfs `xp`otftdvfs, pir bi oufb pr`vdf oilprf g`m` s`r `vfbufgf pir p`rsinfb ofpfodtfgi `n `b t`lf. Fsdldsli, bis trfmfkfgir`s g` `stf ær`f ou`ntfn oin gis f tr`s turnis g` trfmfki gdfrdi, bi oufb p`rldt` p`rodmdr `b ndv`b g` dnt`nsdgfg g` bfs rutdnfs y `b ndv`b g` dnsftdshfoodÿn g` bis oibfmirfgir`s, litdvi pir `b qu` `s dlpirtfnt` qu` s`

 

:? oulpbfn oin bis oÿgdjis g` g`r`oei bfmirfb y mrdngfngi bis `b`l`ntis n`o`sfrdis pfrf l`kirfr `b trfmfki g` bis ip`rfrdis.

0.  @n oufnti fb prio`si bijìstdoi `s r`oil`ngfmb` r`oil`ngfmb` bf utdbdzfodÿn g` un sdst`lf g` ointrib g` dnv`ntfrdis qu` b`s p`rldtf oinio`r g` unf lfn`rf læs `h`otdvf simr` bis dnsulis y priguotis t`rldnfgis `n oufbqud`r lil`nti, g` `stf lfn`rf hfodbdtf bf priguoodÿn y gdstrdmuodÿn g` bfs pr`ngfs g` v`stdr. Fsdldsli, `s g` vdtfb dlpirtfnodf qu` s` dnobuyf `n `b fmfst`odld`nti, g`t`rldnfgis ointrib`s g` ofbdgfg qu` pisdmdbdt` oinio`r fo`rof g`b `stfgi g` bis dnsulis y priguotis t`rldnfgis, g` `stf lfn`rf gdsldnuyf td`lpis `n bf priguoodÿn y ful`nt` `b ndv`b g` sftdshfoodÿn g` bis obd`nt`s. 8.  Qir ûbtdli, pfrf oilmftdr `b primb`lf g` dnhirlfbdgfg y sus fbtis ìngdo`s `n gdstdntis s`otir`s `s r`oil`ngfmb` qu` `b @stfgi fpiy` f bfs LDQTL@_ g`b s`otir t`xtdb l`gdfnt` ofpfodtfodin`s ofpfodtfodin`s jrftudtfs oin bf hdnfbdgfg g` l`kirfr bf r`ntfmdbdgfg g`b s`otir. G`b ldsli ligi, g`m`rìf irjfndzfr h`rdfs, oinh`r`nodfs i oefrbfs ging` s` pu`gf oilpfrtdr `xp`rd`nodfs qu` p`rldtfn sibuodinfr bis primb`lfs g`b s`otir y qu` dno`ntdv` bf hirlfbdzfodÿn g` bfs `lpr`sfs, `s g`odr, f p`sfr g` qu` s` efn r`fbdzfgis fbjunis `v`ntis oin `st` hdn, `stis fûn sdju`n sd`ngi piois y ni bijrf bb`jfr f jrfn  pfrt` g`b @lpirdi Oil`rodfb Oil`rodfb g` Jflfrrf.

 

:7

]`h`r`nodfs Mdmbdijræhdofs FG@U (=16:). ]`bfodÿn pr`odi ‟  ofbdgfg  ofbdgfg g`b s`otir t`xtdb ftrf` f bis l`rofgis `xtrfnk`ris. Q`rû =6. ]`oup`rfgi g`;  g`; ettps;//p`ru=6.p`/`oinildf/fg`xr`bfodin-pr`odi-ofbdgfg-s`otir-t`xtdb-ftrf`-l`rofgisr`bfodin-pr`odi-ofbdgfgs`otir-t`xtdb-ftrf`-l`rofgis-`xtrfnk`ris-5854 `xtrfnk`ris-585400  Fjudbfr, L. H. (=16?). Dg`ntdhdofodÿn y j`stdÿn pir prio`sis. O`j`std -- Äxdti  Äxdti `lpr`sfrdfb, (=?0), 6-?.  6-?.  Fb`ki, B. (=167). Dlpb`l`ntfodÿn g` prio`sis g` ].].E.E. `n bfs Lyp` `n `b Q`rû. W`sds g` jrfgi ni pumbdofgi `n Fgldndstrfodÿn g` @lpr`sfs. Pndv`rsdgfg g` Qdurf. Hfoubtfg g` Od`nodfs @oinÿldofs y @lpr`sfrdfb`s. Qrijrflf Fofgäldoi g` Fgldndstrfodÿn g` @lpr`sfs. Bdlf, Q`rû.

Frmfdzf, B. (=115). @oinilìf dnhirlfb y ofpdtfb eulfni `n `b Q`rû. Bdlf, Q`rû. Bdlf,  @gdodin`s @_FN.  @_FN.  Frmubû, K., & Itiyf, K. (=118). Bf QTL@ `n `b Q`rû. ]`vdstf Q`rû.  ]`vdstf g` @jr`sfgis.  @_FN, Q`rû. Fsiodfodÿn Q`rufnf g` Wäondois W`xtdb`s (=168). Bf dngustrdf t`xtdb y oinh`oodin`s. ]`oup`rfgi g`;  g`; ettp;//fpttp`ru.oil/w`m=/bf-dngustrdf-t`xtdby-oinh`oodin`s/   y-oinh`oodin`s/ Fvibdi Fb`ooed, M., L`sin`s, F., & ]iof, @. (=166). Hfotir`s qu` bdldtfn `b or`odld`nti g` bfs ldori y p`qu`öfs `lpr`sfs `n `b Q`rû (LTQ@_). Mindbbf, @. Ofrg`öi, @, Ofrg`öi, N. (=160). ( =160). Bf hunodÿn hdnfnod`rf `n bfs ld ldori, ori,  p`qu`öfs y l`gdfnfs `lpr`sfs, `lpr`sfs, g`b lundodpdi g` ]diefoef. ]diefoef. Pndv`rsdgfg

g` bf Jufkdrf. Oælfrf g` Oil`rodi g` Bdlf (=168). @stugdi g`b oilpirtfld`nti g` bfs `xpirtfodin`s p`rufnfs g`b s`otir oinh`oodin`s. oinh`oodin`s. Q`rìigi =114 ‟  =160.  =160. ]`oup`rfgi g`; ettps;//www.oflfrfbdlf.irj.p`/r`pisdtirdifps/1/1/pfr/`stug ettps;//www.oflfrfbdlf.irj.p`/r`pis dtirdifps/1/1/pfr/`stugdi6/`stugdi%= di6/`stugdi%= 1g`b%=1oilpirtfld`nti%=1g`%=1b 1g`b%=1oilpirtfl d`nti%=1g`%=1bfs%=1`xpirtfodin fs%=1`xpirtfodin`s%=1p`rufn `s%=1p`rufnfs% fs% =1g`b%=1s`otir%=1oinh`oodin`s%=1s-b.pgh  

 

:0 Ofrri, ], Jinzfb`s, G. (=16=). Fgldndstrfodÿn g` Ip`rfodin`s Bijìstdof Bijìstdof @lpr`sfrdfb. ]`oup`rfgi g`; ettp;//nubfn.lgp.`gu.fr/65?6/6/bij dstdofY`lpr`sfrdfb.pgh   ettp;//nubfn.lgp.`gu.fr/65?6/6/bijdstdofY`lpr`sfrdfb.pgh  Oins`ki Bftdnifl`rdofni g` @sou`bfs g` Fgldndstrfodÿn (OBFG@F) (=168). Gdfjnÿstdoi g` bf LDQTL@ g`b s`otir t`xtdb g` bf oinh`oodÿn g` BdlfQ`ru. ]`oup`rfgi g`; ettp;//=16.=?7.87.6=:/Obfg`f=168/ ettp;//=16.=?7.87.6=:/Obfg`f=168/W]FOCNi0/OB W]FOCNi0/OBFG@FY=168Ypfp` FG@FY=168Ypfp`rY= rY= 14.pgh   Ointr`rfs, ]., Bÿp`z, Bÿp`z, F., & Libdnf, ]. (=166). @lpr`ngdld`nti (=166). @lpr`ngdld`nti gdl`nsdin`s  siodfb`s y oubturfb`s `n bfs Ldpyl`s. Läxdoi, Q`frsin @guofodÿn. Gdfz, B. E. B., Qfbili, O. ]., & Dru`jfs, H. U. E. (=16?). ]`oursis Eulfnis; Bf dlpirtfnodf g` bf litdvfodÿn ` dno`ntdvi d no`ntdviss pfrf bf b f bis trfmfkfgir`s. Ims`rvftirdi g` bf @oinilìf Bftdnifl`rdofnf, (650).  (650).  @NF@] (=160). G`pfrtfl`nti g` X`ntf y Qist X`ntf. ]`oup`rfgi g`; ettps;//www.`nf`r.ob/Oedb`Wrfnspfr`nt`/p gh/`struoturfYirjfndof/JYOil` JYOil` ettps;//www.`nf`r.ob/Oedb`Wrfnspfr`nt`/pgh/`struoturfYirjfndof/ rodfb/G`pfrtYX`ntfYQistYX`ntf.pgh   (pp.7-0) Hdbdin, B. K., Odsn`ris, B., & L`kdf, K. (=166). Fgldndstrfodÿn g` QTL@_. Odugfg g` Läxdoi, Läxdoi; Oælfrf Nfodinfb g` bf Dngustrdf @gdtirdfb L`xdofnf.  L`xdofnf.  Euflfn, B., ]dis, H. (=166). L`tigibijìfs (=166). L`tigibijìfs pfrf dlpbfntfr bf `strft`jdf; Gds`öi irjfndzfodinfb g` bf `lpr`sf. Q`rû. @gdtirdfb PQO.  PQO.   Dnstdtuti g` @stugdis @oinÿldois y _iodfb`s (D@__) (=168). Dngustrdf g` Qriguotis W`xtdb`s. ]`oup`rfgi g`;  g`; ettp;//www.snd.irj.p`/wp-oint`nt/upbifgs/=16:/16/Nivd`lmr`-=168Dngustrdf-g`-priguotis-t`xtdb`s.pgh   Dnstdtuti Nfodinfb g` @stfgìstdof @stfgìstdof ` Dnhirlætdof (DN@D) (=168). Ofrfot`rìstdofs g` bfs

@lpr`sfs g`b @lpirdi Oil`rodfb g` Jflfrrf. ]`oup`rfgi g`; ettps;//www.dn`d.jim.p`/l`gdf/L`nu] m.p`/l`gdf/L`nu]`oursdvi/pum `oursdvi/pumbdofodin`sYgdjdtfb`s bdofodin`sYgdjdtfb`s/@st/Bdm678?/b /@st/Bdm678?/b ettps;//www.dn`d.ji dmri.pgh   Kfoqu`s, B., Odsn`ris, B. y L`kìf, K. (=166). Fgldndstrfodÿn g` QTL@_. @lpr`ng`r, gdrdjdr y g`sfrribbfr `lpr`sfs. Läxdoi; @G. Q`frsin. Bip`, B. (=16?). ]`oursis eulfnis; Bf dlpirtfnodf g` bf litdvfodÿn ` dno`ntdvis pfrf bis trfmfkfgir`s. PFW. ]`oup`rfgi g`;

 

:8 ettps;//lmf.fl`rdof`oinildf.oil/ `oinildf.oil/sdt`s/lmf.fl`rdof` sdt`s/lmf.fl`rdof`oinildf.oil/ oinildf.oil/hdb`s/r`oursishdb`s/r`oursisettps;//lmf.fl`rdof eulfnis.pgh  

Buofs, Q. (=167). J`stdÿn g` bfsg`@lpr`sfs pir]`oup`rfgi Qrio`sis. @soibf g·@njdny`rdf g·@njdny` rdf Dngustrdfb Mfro`binf. g`; Wäondof _up`rdir ettps;//upoillins.upo.`gu/mdtstr`fl/ ettps;//upoillins .upo.`gu/mdtstr`fl/efngb`/=144.6/ efngb`/=144.6/=?758/QHOY@ID =?758/QHOY@IDYQBFY=16718 YQBFY=16718  YJ`std%O?%M?n%=1g`%=1bfs%=1@lpr`sfs%=1  YJ`std%O?%M?n%=1g`%=1bfs%=1 @lpr`sfs%=1pir%=1Qrio`sis pir%=1Qrio`sis.pgh  .pgh   Lfr`s, O., Lfsm`rnft, Q. (=16?). ]`jubfodin`s g`b pftrdlindi `lpr`sfrdfb hfldbdfr `n bfs b fs LDQTL@_ ‟   Bf `xp`rd`nodf `n Dm`riflärdof. Pndv`rsdgfg g` Qdurf. Lfrtìn`z, F. L. O., Bÿp`z, Q. F. B., & Läng`z, O. ]. (=166). `lpr`sfrdfb.   ( =166). Bf oilp`tdtdvdgfg `lpr`sfrdfb. Ldndst`rdi g` bf Qriguoodÿn. Qriguoodÿn. (=16=). @stfgìstdofs g` bf Ldori, Q`qu`öf y L`gdfnf @lpr`sf =16=. ]`oup`rfgi g` ettp;//www.p`ruofl.oil/p`ruoflYn`w l/p`ruoflYn`w/pgh/`d/LDQTL@=16= /pgh/`d/LDQTL@=16=.pgh  .pgh   ettp;//www.p`ruofl.oi Ldndst`rdi g` bf Qriguoodÿn. (=160). Fnufrdi @stfgìstdoi Dngustrdfb, Ldpyl` y Oil`rodi Dnt`rni =160. ]`oup`rfgi g`; ettps;//www.priguo`.jim.p`/g `.jim.p`/gioul`ntis/`stfgdstdofs ioul`ntis/`stfgdstdofs/fnufrdis/fnufrdi-`stfgdstdoi/fnufrdis/fnufrdi-`stfgdstdoiettps;//www.priguo lyp`-=160.pgh   Liræn, G. (=11?). Bf dnhirlfbdgfg `n `b prio`si g`b g`sfrribbi g` bfs Ldori y Q`qu`öfs @lpr`sfs t`xtdb`s y g` oinh`oodin`s g` Jflfrrf hr`nt` f bf b f nirlftdvf kurìgdof vdj`nt` (t`sds g` lf`strìf). Pndv`rsdgfg Nfodinfb Lfyir g` _fn Lfrois; Bdlf. ]`oup`rfgi ettp;//oym`rt`sds.unlsl.`gu.p`/efngb` l.`gu.p`/efngb`/oym`rt`sds/6 /oym`rt`sds/6=6= =6=   g`;  ettp;//oym`rt`sds.unls g`; Irjfndzfodÿn Dnt`rnfodinfb g`b Wrfmfki ‟  IDW  IDW (=167). Q`rhdb g`b `lpr`ng`gir dnhirlfb bdl`öi. G`lijrfhìf, p`ro`podin`s y fotdtug`s. Bdlf; IDW, IDW/ Ihdodnf g` bf IDW  pfrf bis Qfìs`s Fngdnis, =167. ]`oup`rfgi g`; ettp;//wedt`.bdl.dbi.irj/s ettp;//wedt`.bdl.dbi.irj/spfndse/=81fl`rd/idtr`j/fotdvdg/priy pfndse/=81fl`rd/idtr`j/fotdvdg/priy`otis/fotrfv/hirbfo/`stug `otis/fotrfv/hirbfo/`stugdd is/p`rhdb`lpr`ng`gir.pgh   Q]ILQTL@ (=110). Gioul`nti g` Wrfmfki Wr fmfki @stugdi simr` Obust`r y Fsiodftdvdgfg. ]`oup`rfgi g`;  g`; ettp;//www.dnhirtflmi.oil/fgldn/upbifg/froe/`stugdig`o.pgh  

]ikfs, D. (=16?). Mib`tìn @sp`odfb W`xtdb. Pndv`rsdgfg g` Bdlf. ]`oup`rfgi g`; ettp;//www.ubdlf.`gu.p`/ ettp;//www.ubdlf.`gu.p`/sdt`s/g`hfubt/hdb`s/pfj`/ sdt`s/g`hfubt/hdb`s/pfj`/hdb`/o`ldYmib`tdnYlfy hdb`/o`ldYmib`tdnYlfyi.pgh  i.pgh   ]ikfs, Q. (65 g` Gdod`lmr` g` =167). Ofsd tr`s g` ofgf odnoi LDQTL@_ `n Q`rû ni usfn s`rvdodis g` oilputfodÿn `n bf num`. J`stdÿn. ]`oup`rfgi g`; ettps;//j`stdin.p`/t`onibijdf/tr`s-odnoi-ldpyl`s-p`ru-s`rvdodis-oi ettps;//j`stdin.p`/t`onibijdf/tr`s-odnoi-ldpy l`s-p`ru-s`rvdodis-oilputfodin-num`lputfodin-num`60=?18   60=?18

 

::

_ffv`grf, L. (1= g` Gdod`lmr` g` =168). DN@D; Bis dlpr`sdinfnt`s nûl`ris g`b s`otir Oil`rodi. ]`oup`rfgi g`; dnhirlfb p`rufni. @b p`rufni. @b Oil`rodi. ettps;//`boil`rodi.p`/`oinildf/p`ru/dn`d-dlpr`sdin fnt`s-nul`ris-s`otir-dnhirlfb-s`otir-dnhirlfbettps;//`boil`rodi.p`/`oinildf/p`ru/dn`d-dlpr`sdinfnt`s-nul`ris  p`rufni-==48=?  p`rufni-==48 =? _uöib, _. (=118). Fsp`otis t`ÿrdois g` bf oilp`tdtdvdgfg. Od`nodf y siod`gfg, ?6(=).  ?6(=).  PFW (=16?). ]`oursis Eulfnis; Bf dlpirtfnodf g` bf litdvfodÿn ` dno`ntdvis pfrf bis trfmfkfgir`s. ]`oup`rfgi g`; ettps;//lmf.fl`rdof`oinildf.oil/ `oinildf.oil/sdt`s/lmf.fl`rdof`oini sdt`s/lmf.fl`rdof`oinildf.oil/hdb`s/r`oursi ldf.oil/hdb`s/r`oursissettps;//lmf.fl`rdof eulfnis.pgh   Pndv`rsdgfg Dnt`rfl`rdofnf pfrf `b G`sfrribbi - PNDG (=167). Qrdnodpdis g` Hdnfnzfs. ]`oup`rfgi g`; ettp;//liigb`=.undg.`gu.lx/gtsYoursis Ylgb/bdo/OH/HN/_16/HN16YB`oturf.pgh  16YB`oturf.pgh   ettp;//liigb`=.undg.`gu.lx/gtsYoursisYlgb/bdo/OH/HN/_16/HN P_FDG | Q]IT@OWI G@BDX@], Irg`n g` Wrfmfki 6. =166. Lfnufb g` bijìstdof; Juìf  præotdof pfrf bf j`r`nodf j`r`nodf g` ofg`nfs ofg`nfs g` suldndstris suldndstris g` priguotis priguotis g` sfbug. Frbdnjtin, Frbdnjtin, Xf.; P_FDG | Q]IT@OWI G@BDX@], Irg`n g` Wrfmfki 6. _`jungf `gdodÿn (Qrdl`rf `gdodÿn; 6445) Xfb`nodf, O. (=160). @b ofldni g` bf dnhirlfbdgfg f bf hirlfbdgfg g` bfs LDQTL@ `n `b Q`rû. Ims`rvftirdi Wrdmutfrdi. ]`oup`rfgi ]`oup`rfgi g`; ettp;//www.r`sp`ti.p`/dlfj`s/oint`ndgis ti.p`/dlfj`s/oint`ndgis/dnv`stdjf /dnv`stdjfodin`s/ims`rvftirdi-trdmutfrdiodin`s/ims`rvftirdi-trdmutfrdiettp;//www.r`sp` 1?.pgh   Xæsqu`z, K. B. G. ]. (=16:). J`stdÿn irjfndzfodinfb `n `ntirnis oilpb`kis pir pfrt` g` bfs Ldpyl`s g`b s`otir s`rvdodis g` bf odugfg g` _dno`b`ki. W`ng`nodfs, 65(=), 70-0:. 65(=), 70-0:.

 

:5

Fpängdo` F; Lfrtdnf Ligf Dnhfntdb

6.  Dntriguoodÿn

Mu`nfs tfrg`s _r. (f) ‒..................“3 fnt`s qu` nfgf, g`s`i fjrfg`o`rb` `b efm`r fo`ptfgi

nu`strf dnvdtfodÿn pfrf r`fbdzfr `stf `ntr`vdstf oin hdn`s `xobusdvfl`nt` fofgäldois.  Nu`stris nilmr`s sin @b`ndtf Wirr`s y Cfte`rdn` _`ldnfrdi, Mfoedbb`r`s g` bf ofrr`rf Fgldndstrfodÿn y N`jiodis Dnt`rnfodinfb`s g` bf Pndv`rsdgfg Q`rufnf g` Od`nodfs Fpbdofgfs nis `nointrflis r`fbdzfngi unf dnv`stdjfodÿn pfrf nu`strf t`sds ouyi t`lf `s `b; Lig`bi g` j`stdÿn pfrf `b s`otir t`xtdb g` bfs ldori, p`qu`öfs y l`gdfnfs `lpr`sfs (LDQTL@_) `n Bdlf L`tripibdtfnf. @b pripÿsdti g` bf `ntr`vdstf s` ird`ntfræ f oinio`r oÿli bfs ldori, p`qu`öfs y l`gdfnfs `lpr`sfs g`b s`otir t`xtdb j`stdinfn sus dngustrdfs. G`mdgi f qu` su trfmfki `s `n uni g` bis o`ntris oil`rodfb`s læs jrfng`s g` Bdlf, oinsdg`rflis qu` ust`g `s bf b f p`rsinf fg`oufgf pfrf r`sping`r unf s`rd` g` pr`juntfs y fsì pig`r oinio`r su ipdndÿn simr` bis ìt`ls f dnv`stdjfr. F ointdnufodÿn b` `ntr`jfrä unf futirdzfodÿn g` oinhdg`nodfbdgfg g` bf dnhirlfodÿn, ging` nis oilpril`t`lis f usfr sus g`obfrfodin`s pfrf ou`stdin`s `strdotfl`nt` fofgäldofs3 fofgäldofs3 g`b ldsli ligi, b` efrä `ntr`jf g` unf sibdodtug `n bf qu` g`obfrf su oins`ntdld`nti pfrf pfrtdodpfr `n bf dnv`stdjfodÿn `n su rib g` `ntr`vdstfgi y pig`r r`jdstrfr bf `ntr`vdstf `n lft`rdfb fugdtdvi.

=.  Dnstruoodin`s F bi bfrji g` bf `ntr`vdstf efmbfr`lis simr` od`rtis hfotir`s qu` ointrdmuy`n `n `b äxdti i hrfofsi qu` bijrfn bfs ldori, p`qu`öfs y l`gdfnfs `lpr`sfs. Fsdldsli, `s n`o`sfrdi dngdofr

 

:4 qu` ni `xdst`n r`spu`stfs oirr`otfs nd dnoirr`otfs3 pir `bbi n`o`sdtflis qu` r`spingf g` bf lfn`rf læs g`tfbbfgf pfrf pig`r ointrdmudr f bf pr`s`nt` dnv`stdj dnv`stdjfodÿn. fodÿn. ?. _`ou`nodf g` pr`juntfs

Gftis J`n`rfb`s 6.  Nilmr` g` bf `lpr`sf Lfrtdnf Ligf Dnhfntdb

=. N» g` ]PO =108?0:1571

?. Gdr`oodÿn y N» g` td`ngf Qdsi 6?, Kdrÿn Lfrdsofb Jflfrrf 6140

7. Nilmr` g g`b `b gu`öi i bf p`rsinf f ofrji Xfn`ssf Jÿl`z

0. Ioupfodÿn g`b gu`öi i bf p p`rsinf `rsinf f ofrji   Oil`rodfnt`

8. Nilmr` g g`` bf p`rsinf qu` nis ftd`n ftd`ng` g` y ofrji ]ixfnf Bdni - X`ng`girf

:. ¹Ouæntis trfmfkfgir`s td`n`n9 (dnobudr p`rsin p`rsinfb fb fgl fgldndstrftdvi dndstrftdvi y ip ip`rftdvi) `rftdvi) 7

5. ¹Bf `lpr`sf ou`ntf oin læs suoursfb`s9

_ì - =

4. ¹Bf `lpr`sf `s hfldbdfr9 _ì

61. ¹@b biof biofbb oin `b qu` ou`ntfn `s p pripdi9 ripdi9  Ni

 

51

Ofg`nf Bijìstdof (Fmfst`odld`nti) 6.  ¹Oÿli `s su prio`si g` fmfst`odld`nti g` dnsulis9 _` oilprf pir lfyir y s` oinh`oodinf. =.  ¹Ou`ntfn oin unf vfrd`gfg g` priv``gir`s9 _ì ?.  ¹Lfn`kfn fbjûn sdst`lf g` lfn`ki g` dnv`ntfrdis9  Ni 7.  ¹Oÿli `s bf gdstrdmuodÿn g` bf l`rofg`rìf t`rldnfgf9 _` ointfmdbdzf y s` bb`vf f td`ngf pfrf v`ng`rs`.

Qrio`si oil`rodfb 0.  ¹Edod`rin un `stugdi pr`vdi g` l`rofgi9  Ni 8.  ¹Efodf quä s`otir `stæ `nhiofgi su l`rofgi9  Ndöfs y Ndöis Ndöis :.  ¹Ointrftfn p`rsinfb `sp`odfbdzfgi `n `b ær`f oil`rodfb9  Ni 5.  ¹Ptdbdzfn e`rrfld`ntfs g` lfrc`tdnj9 ¹Oufb`s9 ]`g`s _iodfb`s 4.  ¹Oÿli lfn`kfn bis sfbfrdis g`b p`rsinfb g` v`ntfs9

_u`bgis hdkis

Qrio`si hdnfnod`ri 61. ¹Wrfmfkfn oin `ntdgfg`s mfnofrdfs9 _ì 66. Vuä tdpi g` trfnsfoodin`s mfnofrdfs mfnofrdfs y/i lin`tfrdfs r`fbdzfn9 Qrästflis

 

56 6=. Lfn`kfn un pr`supu`sti l`nsufb, s`l`strfb y/i fnufb9 L`nsufb 6?. ¹Wd`n` fbjûn orägdti `n oursi9 _ì

Qrio`si g` Q`rsinfb 67. ¹Oin ouæntis ip`rfrdis ou`ntf9 ¹@s hdki i vfrìfn pir oflpföf9 ? - Hdki 60. ¹Ofpfodtfn f sus trfmfkfgir`s9 ¹Oin quä hr`ou`nodf9 h r`ou`nodf9  Ni 68. ¹Vuä m`n`hdodis bfmirfb`s b` itirjf f su p`rsinfb9 _u`bgi hdki

Qrio`si priguotdvi 6:. ¹Ou`ntf oin lfqudnfrdf pripdf i fbqudbfgf9 Qripdf 65. ¹Ouænti td`lpi g` fntdjò`gfg td`n` bf lfqudnfrdf9 ? föis 64. ¹Ouæb `s `b r`ngdld`nti i priguotdvdgfg pril`gdi pril`gdi g` `stf lfqudnfrdf9 Fbtf

=1. ¹Ouæntis turnis g` trfmfki td`n`9 ? turnis =6. ¹Vuä tdpi g` t`onibijìfs sin utdbdzfgfs `n bf `lpr`sf9 Oilputfgirfs, o`bubfr`s, tfmb`ts

 

5=

Qr`juntfs j`n`rfb`s ==. ¹Vuä ipdnf g` bis v`ng`gir`s flmubfnt`s y bf or`od`nt` dnhirlfbdgfg g`b s`otir9 Vu` g`m`rìfn `rrfgdofrbf, yf qu` fh`otf f tigis bis ldori `lpr`sfrdis g`b s`otir t`xtdb. =?. ¹@stfrìf gdspu`sti f sumointrftfr læs g` unis g` bis prio`sis qu` r`fbdzf `n su n`jiodi9  Ni, yf yf qu qu`` oinsdg`rflis oinsdg`rflis qu` ni `s unf mu`nf ipodÿn pfrf `lpr`sfs tfn pp`qu`öfs `qu`öfs oili bfs nu`strfs. =7. ¹Oinio` oin qud`n`s oilpdt` `n su l`rofgi9 _ì obfri, oinsdg`ri qu` oilp`tdlis oin bfs `lpr`sfs qu` td`n`n unf lfrof pisdodinfgf `n `b l`rofgi. =0. ¹Vuä hfotir`s bi gdh`r`nodfn g` su oilp`t`nodf9 Gds`öis y pr`odis. =8. ¹Or`` qu` su `lpr`sf td`n` äxdti9 _ì

 

5?

Fpängdo` M; Q`rsp`otdv` Obitednj _.F.O.

6.  Dntriguoodÿn

Mu`nfs tfrg`s _r. (f) ‒..................“3 fnt`s qu` nfgf, g`s`i fjrfg`o`rb` `b efm`r fo`ptfgi

nu`strf dnvdtfodÿn pfrf r`fbdzfr `stf `ntr`vdstf oin hdn`s `xobusdvfl`nt` fofgäldois.  Nu`stris nilmr`s sin @b`ndtf Wirr`s y Cfte`rdn` _`ldnfrdi, Mfoedbb`r`s g` bf ofrr`rf Fgldndstrfodÿn y N`jiodis Dnt`rnfodinfb`s g` bf Pndv`rsdgfg Q`rufnf g` Od`nodfs Fpbdofgfs nis `nointrflis r`fbdzfngi unf dnv`stdjfodÿn pfrf nu`strf t`sds ouyi t`lf `s `b; Lig`bi g` j`stdÿn pfrf `b s`otir t`xtdb g` bfs ldori, p`qu`öfs y l`gdfnfs `lpr`sfs (LDQTL@_) `n Bdlf L`tripibdtfnf. @b pripÿsdti g` bf `ntr`vdstf s` ird`ntfræ f oinio`r oÿli bfs ldori, p`qu`öfs y l`gdfnfs `lpr`sfs g`b s`otir t`xtdb j`stdinfn sus dngustrdfs. G`mdgi f qu` su trfmfki `s `n uni g` bis o`ntris oil`rodfb`s læs jrfng`s g` Bdlf, oinsdg`rflis qu` ust`g `s bf p`rsinf fg`oufgf pfrf r`sping`r unf s`rd` g` pr`juntfs y fsì pig`r oinio`r su ipdndÿn simr` bis ìt`ls f dnv`stdjfr. F ointdnufodÿn, b` `ntr`jfrä unf futirdzfodÿn g` oinhdg`nodfbdgfg g` bf dnhirlfodÿn, ging` nis oilpril`t`lis f usfr sus g`obfrfodin`s pfrf ou`stdin`s `strdotfl`nt` fofgäldofs3 g`b ldsli ligi, b` efrä `ntr`jf g` unf sibdodtug `n bf qu` g`obfrf su oins`ntdld`nti pfrf

 pfrtdodpfr `n bf dnv dnv`stdjfodÿn `stdjfodÿn `n su rib g` `ntr`vdstfgi y pig`r r`jdstrfr bf `ntr`vdstf `n lft`rdfb fugdtdvi.

=.  Dnstruoodin`s F bi bfrji g` bf `ntr`vdstf efmbfr`lis simr` od`rtis hfotir`s qu` ointrdmuy`n `n `b äxdti i hrfofsi qu` bijrfn bfs ldori, p`qu`öfs y l`gdfnfs `lpr`sfs. Fsdldsli, `s n`o`sfrdi dngdofr

 

57 qu` ni `xdst`n r`spu`stfs oirr`otfs nd dnoirr`otfs3 pir `bbi n`o`sdtflis qu` r`spingf g` bf lfn`rf læs g`tfbbfgf pfrf pig`r ointrdmudr f bf pr`s`nt` dnv`stdj dnv`stdjfodÿn. fodÿn. ?. _`ou`nodf g` pr`juntfs

Gftis J`n`rfb`s 6.  Nilmr` g` bf `lpr`sf Q`rsp`otdv` Obitednj _.F.O.

=. N» g` ]PO =181671518:

?. Gdr`oodÿn y N» g` td`ngf Qribinjfodÿn Jflfrrf Nri 6165

7.

Nilmr` g`b gu`öi i bf p`rsinf f ofrji

Ordstipe`r Q`rfbtf

0.

Ioupfodÿn g`b gu`öi i bf p`rsinf f ofrji  

Oil`rodfnt`

8.

Nilmr` g` bf p`rsinf qu` nis ftd`n ftd`ng` g` y ofrji

Qdbfr Xæsqu`z - Gu`öf :. ¹Ouæntis trfmfkfgir`s td`n`n9 (dnobudr p`rsin p`rsinfb fb fgldndstrftdvi y ip`rftdvi) 7

5.

¹Bf `lpr`sf ou`ntf oin læs suoursfb`s9

 Ni

4.

¹Bf `lpr`sf `s hfldbdfr9

_ì

61.

¹@b biofb oin `b qu` ou`ntfn `s pripdi9

 Ni

 

50

Ofg`nf Bijìstdof (Fmfst`odld`nti) 6.  ¹Oÿli `s su prio`si g` fmfst`odld`nti g` dnsulis9 _` oilprf s`jûn r`qu`rdld`ntis y s` oinh`oodinf. =.  ¹Ou`ntfn oin unf vfrd`gfg g` priv``gir`s9  Ni ?.  ¹Lfn`kfn fbjûn sdst`lf g` lfn`ki g` dnv`ntfrdis9  Ni 7.  ¹Oÿli `s bf gdstrdmuodÿn g` bf l`rofg`rìf t`rldnfgf9 _` gdstrdmuy` f bfs td`ngfs t d`ngfs s`jûn g`odsdÿn g` bf gu`öf.

Qrio`si Oil`rodfb 0.  ¹Edod`rin un `stugdi pr`vdi g` l`rofgi9  Ni 8.  ¹Efodf quä s`otir `stæ `nhiofgi su l`rofgi9 Luk`r`s :.  ¹Ointrftfn p`rsinfb `sp`odfbdzfgi `n `b ær`f oil`rodfb9  Ni 5.  ¹Ptdbdzfn e`rrfld`ntfs g` lfrc`tdnj9 ¹Ouæb`s9 ]`g`s _iodfb`s

4.  ¹Oÿli lfn`kfn bis sfbfrdis g`b p`rsinfb g` v`ntfs9 _u`bgis hdkis

Qrio`si Hdnfnod`ri 61. ¹Wrfmfkfn oin `ntdgfg`s mfnofrdfs9 _ì 66. Vuä tdpi g` trfnsfoodin`s mfnofrdfs mfnofrdfs y/i lin`tfrdfs r`fbdzfn9 Qrästflis

 

58 6=. Lfn`kfn un pr`supu`sti l`nsufb, s`l`strfb y/i fnufb9 L`nsufb 6?. ¹Wd`n` fbjûn orägdti `n oursi9 _ì

Qrio`si g` Q`rsinfb 67. ¹Oin ouæntis ip`rfrdis ou`ntf9 ¹@s hdki i vfrìfn pir oflpföf9 ? - Hdki 60. ¹Ofpfodtfn f sus trfmfkfgir`s9 ¹Oin quä hr`ou`nodf9 h r`ou`nodf9  Ni 68. ¹Vuä m`n`hdodis bfmirfb`s b` itirjf f su p`rsinfb9 _u`bgi hdki

Qrio`si Qriguotdvi 6:. ¹Ou`ntf oin lfqudnfrdf pripdf i fbqudbfgf9 W`ro`rdzfgf 65. ¹Ouænti td`lpi g` fntdjò`gfg td`n` bf lfqudnfrdf9  Ni ou`nti oin lfqudnfrdfs lfqudnfrdfs 64. ¹Ouæb `s `b r`ngdld`nti i priguotdvdgfg pril`gdi pril`gdi g` `stf lfqudnfrdf9 Fbtf

=1. ¹Ouæntis turnis g` trfmfki td`n`9 = turnis =6. ¹Vuä tdpi g` t`onibijìfs sin utdbdzfgfs `n bf `lpr`sf9 Oilputfgirfs

 

5:

Qr`juntfs j`n`rfb`s ==. ¹Vuä ipdnf g` bis v`ng`gir`s flmubfnt`s y bf or`od`nt` dnhirlfbdgfg g`b s`otir9 Vu` `xdst` luoef dnhirlfbdgfg `n `b s`otir t`xtdb, yf qu` efy unf jrfn ofntdgfg g` v`ng`gir`s flmubfnt`s qu` ni oulpb`n oin bfs nirlfs `stfmb`odgfs. =?. ¹@stfrìf gdspu`sti f sumointrftfr læs g` un prio`si qu` r`fbdzf `n su n`jiodi9 _ì, s`jûn bi qu` ihr`zof bf b f `lpr`sf priv``girf g`b s`rvdodi. =7. ¹Oinio` oin qud`n`s oilpdt` `n su l`rofgi9 _ì =0. ¹Vuä hfotir`s bi gdh`r`nodfn g` su oilp`t`nodf9 Gds`öis, ofbdgfg g`b priguoti y pr`odi. =8. ¹Or`` qu` su `lpr`sf td`n` äxdti9 _ì, pirqu` oinsdg`ri qu` oulpbdlis oin bis imk`tdvis `stfmb`odgis.

 

55

Fpängdo` O; Lfh`r & Fnj`bf _.F.O

6.  Dntriguoodÿn

Mu`nfs tfrg`s _r. (f) ‒..................“3 fnt`s qu` nfgf, g`s`i fjrfg`o`rb` `b efm`r fo`ptfgi

nu`strf dnvdtfodÿn pfrf r`fbdzfr `stf `ntr`vdstf oin hdn`s `xobusdvfl`nt` fofgäldois.  Nu`stris nilmr`s sin @b`ndtf Wirr`s y Cfte`rdn` _`ldnfrdi, Mfoedbb`r`s g` bf ofrr`rf Fgldndstrfodÿn y N`jiodis Dnt`rnfodinfb`s g` bf Pndv`rsdgfg Q`rufnf g` Od`nodfs Fpbdofgfs nis `nointrflis r`fbdzfngi unf dnv`stdjfodÿn pfrf nu`strf t`sds ouyi t`lf `s `b; Lig`bi g` j`stdÿn pfrf `b s`otir t`xtdb g` bfs ldori, p`qu`öfs y l`gdfnfs `lpr`sfs (LDQTL@_) `n Bdlf L`tripibdtfnf. @b pripÿsdti g` bf `ntr`vdstf s` ird`ntfræ f oinio`r oÿli bfs ldori, p`qu`öfs y l`gdfnfs `lpr`sfs g`b s`otir t`xtdb j`stdinfn sus dngustrdfs. G`mdgi f qu` su trfmfki `s `n uni g` bis o`ntris oil`rodfb`s læs jrfng`s g` Bdlf, oinsdg`rflis qu` ust`g `s bf p`rsinf fg`ou fg`oufgf fgf pfrf r`sping`r unf s`rd` g` pr`juntfs y fsì pig`r oinio`r su ipdndÿn simr` bis ìt`ls f dnv`stdjfr. F ointdnufodÿn b` `ntr`jfrä unf futirdzfodÿn g` oinhdg`nodfbdgfg g` bf dnhirlfodÿn, ging` nis oilpril`t`lis f usfr sus g`obfrfodin`s pfrf ou`stdin`s `strdotfl`nt` fofgäldof fofgäldofs3 s3 g`b ldsli l dsli

ligi, b` efrä `ntr`jf g` unf sibdodtug `n bf qu` g`obfrf su oins`ntdld`nti pfrf pfrtdodpfr `n bf dnv`stdjfodÿn `n su rib g` `ntr`vdstfgi y pig`r r`jdstrfr bf `ntr`vdstf `n lft`rdfb fugdtdvi.

=.  Dnstruoodin`s F bi bfrji g` bf `ntr`vdstf efmbfr`lis simr` od`rtis hfotir`s qu` ointrdmuy`n `n `b äxdti i hrfofsi qu` bijrfn bfs ldori, p`qu`öfs y l`gdfnfs `lpr`sfs. Fsdldsli, `s n`o`sfrdi dngdofr

 

54 qu` ni `xdst`n r`spu`stfs oirr`otfs nd dnoirr`otfs3 pir `bbi n`o`sdtflis qu` r`spingf g` bf lfn`rf læs g`tfbbfgf pfrf pig`r ointrdmudr f bf pr`s`nt` dnv`stdj dnv`stdjfodÿn. fodÿn. ?. _`ou`nodf g` pr`juntfs

Gftis J`n`rfb`s 6.  Nilmr` g` bf `lpr`sf Lfh`r & Fnj`bf _.F.O 

=. N» g` ]PO =108?1571:7

?. Gdr`oodÿn y N» g` td`ngf Qribinjfodÿn Jflfrrf Nri 6140 7.

Nilmr` g`b gu`öi i bf p`rsinf f ofrji

[idbf Oruz 

0.

Ioupfodÿn g`b gu`öi i bf p`rsinf f ofrji  

Fgldndstrfgir

8.

Nilmr` g` bf p`rsinf qu` nis ftd`n ftd`ng` g` y ofrji

[idbf Oruz - Qripd`tfrdf

:. ?

¹Ouæntis trfmfkfgir`s td`n`n9 (dnobudr p`rsinf p`rsinfbb fgldndstrftdvi y ip`rftdvi)

5.

¹Bf `lpr`sf ou`ntf oin læs suoursfb suoursfb`s9 `s9

 Ni

4.

¹Bf `lpr`sf `s hfldbdfr9

_ì

61.

¹@b biofb oin `b qu` ou`ntfn `s pripdi9

 Ni

 

41

Ofg`nf Bijìstdof (Fmfst`odld`nti) 6.  6.  ¹Oÿli `s su prio`si g` fmfst`odld`nti g` dnsulis9

_` oilprf `n vibûl`n`s jrfng`s jrfng`s s`jûn t`lpirfgf y s` oinh`oodinf. =.  =.  ¹Ou`ntfn oin unf vfrd`gfg g` priv``gir`s9

 Ni ?.  ¹Lfn`kfn fbjûn sdst`lf g` lfn`ki g` dnv`ntfrdis9  Ni 7.  ¹Oÿli `s bf gdstrdmuodÿn g` bf l`rofg`rìf t`rldnfgf9 _` ointfmdbdzf y s` bb`vf f td`ngf pfrf v`ng`rs`.

Qrio`si oil`rodfb 0.  ¹Edod`rin un `stugdi pr`vdi g` l`rofgi9  Ni 8.  ¹Efodf quä s`otir `stæ `nhiofgi su l`rofgi9 Luk`r`s. :.  ¹Ointrftfn p`rsinfb `sp`odfbdzfgi `n `b ær`f oil`rodfb9  Ni 5.  ¹Ptdbdzfn e`rrfld`ntfs g` lfrc`tdnj9 ¹Oufb`s9 ]`g`s _iodfb`s

4.  ¹Oÿli lfn`kfn bis sfbfrdis g`b p`rsinfb g` v`ntfs9 _u`bgis hdkis

Qrio`si hdnfnod`ri 61. ¹Wrfmfkfn oin `ntdgfg`s mfnofrdfs9 _ì 66. Vuä tdpi g` trfnsfoodin`s mfnofrdfs mfnofrdfs y/i lin`tfrdfs r`fbdzfn9 Qrästflis

 

46 6=. Lfn`kfn un pr`supu`sti l`nsufb, s`l`strfb y/i fnufb9 L`nsufb 6?. ¹Wd`n` fbjûn orägdti `n oursi9 _ì

Qrio`si g` Q`rsinfb 67. ¹Oin ouæntis ip`rfrdis ou`ntf9 ¹@s hdki i vfrìfn pir oflpföf9 = - Hdki 60. ¹Ofpfodtfn f sus trfmfkfgir`s9 ¹Oin quä hr`ou`nodf9 h r`ou`nodf9  Ni 68. ¹Vuä m`n`hdodis bfmirfb`s b` itirjf f su p`rsinfb9 _u`bgi hdki

Qrio`si priguotdvi 6:. ¹Ou`ntf oin lfqudnfrdf pripdf i fbqudbfgf9 Qripdf 65. ¹Ouænti td`lpi g` fntdjò`gfg td`n` bf lfqudnfrdf9 7 föis 64. ¹Ouæb `s `b r`ngdld`nti i priguotdvdgfg pril`gdi pril`gdi g` `stf lfqudnfrdf9

Fbtf =1. ¹Ouæntis turnis g` trfmfki td`n`9 = turnis =6. ¹Vuä tdpi g` t`onibijìfs sin utdbdzfgfs `n bf `lpr`sf9 Oilputfgirfs, o`bubfr`s, tfmb`ts

 

4=

Qr`juntfs j`n`rfb`s ==. ¹Vuä ipdnf g` bis v`ng`gir`s flmubfnt`s y bf or`od`nt` dnhirlfbdgfg g`b s`otir9 Vu` g`m`rìfn `rrfgdofrbf. =?. ¹@stfrìf gdspu`sti f sumointrftfr læs g` unis g` bis prio`sis qu` r`fbdzf `n su n`jiodi9  Ni, yf qu` qu` oinsdg`rflis qu` qu` ni `s unf mmu`nf u`nf ipodÿn `n `st` lil`nti. =7. ¹Oinio` oin qud`n`s oilpdt` `n su l`rofgi9 _ì, obfri. =0. ¹Vuä hfotir`s bi gdh`r`nodfn g` su oilp`t`nodf9 Gds`öis. =8. ¹Or`` qu` su `lpr`sf td`n` äxdti9 _ì

 

4?

Fpängdo` G; Wip Cdgs _.F.O

6.  6.  Dntriguoodÿn

Mu`nfs tfrg`s _r. (f) ‒..................“3 fnt`s qu` nfgf, g`s`i fjrfg`o`rb` `b efm`r fo`ptfgi

nu`strf dnvdtfodÿn pfrf r`fbdzfr `stf `ntr`vdstf oin hdn`s `xobusdvfl`nt` fofgäldois.  Nu`stris nilmr`s sin @b`ndtf Wirr`s y Cfte`rdn` _`ldnfrdi, Mfoedbb`r`s g` bf ofrr`rf Fgldndstrfodÿn y N`jiodis Dnt`rnfodinfb`s g` bf Pndv`rsdgfg Q`rufnf g` Od`nodfs Fpbdofgfs nis `nointrflis r`fbdzfngi unf dnv`stdjfodÿn pfrf nu`strf t`sds ouyi t`lf `s `b; Lig`bi g` j`stdÿn pfrf `b s`otir t`xtdb g` bfs ldori, p`qu`öfs y l`gdfnfs `lpr`sfs (LDQTL@_) `n Bdlf L`tripibdtfnf. @b pripÿsdti g` bf `ntr`vdstf s` ird`ntfræ f oinio`r oÿli bfs ldori, p`qu`öfs y l`gdfnfs `lpr`sfs g`b s`otir t`xtdb j`stdinfn sus dngustrdfs. G`mdgi f qu` su trfmfki `s `n uni g` bis o`ntris oil`rodfb`s læs jrfng`s g` Bdlf, oinsdg`rflis qu` ust`g `s bf b f p`rsinf fg`oufgf pfrf r`sping`r unf s`rd` g` pr`juntfs y fsì pig`r oinio`r su ipdndÿn simr` bis ìt`ls f dnv`stdjfr. F ointdnufodÿn b` `ntr`jfrä unf futirdzfodÿn g` oinhdg`nodfbdgfg g` bf dnhirlfodÿn, ging` nis oilpril`t`lis f usfr sus g`obfrfodin`s pfrf ou`stdin`s `strdotfl`nt` fofgäldofs3 fofgäldofs3 g`b ldsli

ligi, b` efrä `ntr`jf g` unf sibdodtug `n bf qu` g`obfrf su oins`ntdld`nti pfrf pfrtdodpfr `n bf dnv`stdjfodÿn `n su rib g` `ntr`vdstfgi y pig`r r`jdstrfr bf `ntr`vdstf `n lft`rdfb fugdtdvi.

=.  =.  Dnstruoodin`s

F bi bfrji g` bf `ntr`vdstf efmbfr`lis simr` od`rtis hfotir`s qu` ointrdmuy`n `n `b äxdti i hrfofsi qu` bijrfn bfs ldori, p`qu`öfs y l`gdfnfs `lpr`sfs. Fsdldsli, `s n`o`sfrdi dngdofr

 

47 qu` ni `xdst`n r`spu`stfs oirr`otfs nd dnoirr`otfs3 pir `bbi n`o`sdtflis qu` r`spingf g` bf lfn`rf læs g`tfbbfgf pfrf pig`r ointrdmudr f bf pr`s`nt` dnv`stdj dnv`stdjfodÿn. fodÿn. ?. _`ou`nodf g` pr`juntfs

Gftis J`n`rfb`s 6.  Nilmr` g` bf `lpr`sf Wip Cdgs _.F.O 

=. N» g` ]PO =100=875=64

?. Gdr`oodÿn y N» g` td`ngf Qribinjfodÿn Jflfrrf Nri 6165 7.

Nilmr` g`b gu`öi i bf p`rsinf f ofrji

Lfrybdn Jil`z 

0.

Ioupfodÿn g`b gu`öi i bf p`rsinf f ofrji  

Oil`rodfnt`

8.

Nilmr` g` bf p`rsinf qu` nis ftd`n ftd`ng` g` y ofrji

Lfrybdn Jil`z ‟  Qripd`tfrdf  Qripd`tfrdf

:.

¹Ouæntis trfmfkfgir`s td`n`n9 (dnobudr p`rsinf p`rsinfbb fgldndstrftdvi y ip`rftdvi)

0

5.

¹Bf `lpr`sf ou`ntf oin læs suoursfb suoursfb`s9 `s9

 Ni

4.

¹Bf `lpr`sf `s hfldbdfr9

 Ni

61.

¹@b biofb oin `b qu` ou`ntfn `s pripdi9

 Ni

 

40

Ofg`nf Bijìstdof (Fmfst`odld`nti) 6.  6.  ¹Oÿli `s su prio`si g` fmfst`odld`nti g` dnsulis9

_` oilprf pir lfyir y s` oinh`oodinf. =.  =.  ¹Ou`ntfn oin unf vfrd`gfg g` priv``gir`s9

 Ni ?.  ¹Lfn`kfn fbjûn sdst`lf g` lfn`ki g` dnv`ntfrdis9  Ni 7.  ¹Oÿli `s bf gdstrdmuodÿn g` bf l`rofg`rìf t`rldnfgf9 _` gdstrdmuy` f bfs td`ngfs s`jûn g`odsdÿn g` bf gu`öf.

Qrio`si oil`rodfb 0.  ¹Edod`rin un `stugdi pr`vdi g` l`rofgi9  Ni 8.  ¹Efodf quä s`otir `stæ `nhiofgi su l`rofgi9  Ndöfs y Ndöis Ndöis :.  ¹Ointrftfn p`rsinfb `sp`odfbdzfgi `n `b ær`f oil`rodfb9  Ni

5.  ¹Ptdbdzfn e`rrfld`ntfs g` lfrc`tdnj9 ¹Oufb`s9 ]`g`s _iodfb`s 4.  ¹Oÿli lfn`kfn bis sfbfrdis g`b p`rsinfb g` v`ntfs9 _u`bgis hdkis

Qrio`si hdnfnod`ri 61. ¹Wrfmfkfn oin `ntdgfg`s mfnofrdfs9 _ì

 

48 66. Vuä tdpi g` trfnsfoodin`s mfnofrdfs mfnofrdfs y/i lin`tfrdfs r`fbdzfn9 Qrästflis 6=. Lfn`kfn un pr`supu`sti l`nsufb, s`l`strfb y/i fnufb9 L`nsufb 6?. ¹Wd`n` fbjûn orägdti `n oursi9 _ì

Qrio`si g` Q`rsinfb 67. ¹Oin ouæntis ip`rfrdis ou`ntf9 ¹@s hdki i vfrìfn pir oflpföf9 7 - Hdki 60. ¹Ofpfodtfn f sus trfmfkfgir`s9 ¹Oin quä hr`ou`nodf9 h r`ou`nodf9  Ni 68. ¹Vuä m`n`hdodis bfmirfb`s b` itirjf f su p`rsinfb9 _u`bgi hdki

Qrio`si priguotdvi 6:. ¹Ou`ntf oin lfqudnfrdf pripdf i fbqudbfgf9 Qripdf 65. ¹Ouænti td`lpi g` fntdjò`gfg td`n` bf lfqudnfrdf9

7 föis 64. ¹Ouæb `s `b r`ngdld`nti r `ngdld`nti i priguotdvdgfg pril`gdi g` `stf lfqudnfrdf9 Fbtf =1. ¹Ouæntis turnis g` trfmfki td`n`9 = turnis =6. ¹Vuä tdpi g` t`onibijìfs sin utdbdzfgfs `n bf `lpr`sf9 Oilputfgirfs.

 

4:

Qr`juntfs j`n`rfb`s ==. ¹Vuä ipdnf g` bis v`ng`gir`s flmubfnt`s y bf or`od`nt` dnhirlfbdgfg g`b s`otir9 Vu` g`m`n oilmftdr gdfrdfl`nt` oin `bbf. =?. ¹@stfrìf gdspu`sti f sumointrftfr læs g` unis g` bis prio`sis qu` r`fbdzf `n su n`jiodi9 Qir feirf ni. =7. ¹Oinio` oin qud`n`s oilpdt` `n su l`rofgi9 Oin vfrdfs `lpr`sfs g`b ldsli rumri. =0. ¹Vuä hfotir`s bi gdh`r`nodfn g` su oilp`t`nodf9 Qr`odi. =8. ¹Or`` qu` su `lpr`sf td`n` äxdti9 _ì

 

45

Fpängdo` @; Ofrfz Oilpfny _.F.O.

6.  6.  Dntriguoodÿn

Mu`nfs tfrg`s _r. (f) ‒..................“3 fnt`s qu` nfgf, g`s`i fjrfg`o`rb` `b efm`r fo`ptfgi

nu`strf dnvdtfodÿn pfrf r`fbdzfr `stf `ntr`vdstf oin hdn`s `xobusdvfl`nt` fofgäldois.  Nu`stris nilmr`s sin @b`ndtf Wirr`s y Cfte`rdn` _`ldnfrdi, Mfoedbb`r`s g` bf ofrr`rf Fgldndstrfodÿn y N`jiodis Dnt`rnfodinfb`s g` bf Pndv`rsdgfg Q`rufnf g` Od`nodfs Fpbdofgfs nis `nointrflis r`fbdzfngi unf dnv`stdjfodÿn pfrf nu`strf t`sds ouyi t`lf `s `b; Lig`bi g` j`stdÿn pfrf `b s`otir t`xtdb g` bfs ldori, p`qu`öfs y l`gdfnfs `lpr`sfs (LDQTL@_) `n Bdlf L`tripibdtfnf. @b pripÿsdti g` bf `ntr`vdstf s` ird`ntfræ f oinio`r oÿli bfs ldori, p`qu`öfs y l`gdfnfs `lpr`sfs g`b s`otir t`xtdb j`stdinfn sus dngustrdfs. G`mdgi f qu` su trfmfki `s `n uni g` bis o`ntris oil`rodfb`s læs jrfng`s g` Bdlf, oinsdg`rflis qu` ust`g `s bf b f p`rsinf fg`oufgf pfrf r`sping`r unf s`rd` g` pr`juntfs y fsì pig`r oinio`r su ipdndÿn simr` bis ìt`ls f dnv`stdjfr. F ointdnufodÿn b` `ntr`jfrä unf futirdzfodÿn g` oinhdg`nodfbdgfg g` bf dnhirlfodÿn, ging` nis

oilpril`t`lis f usfr sus g`obfrfodin`s pfrf ou`stdin`s `strdotfl`nt` fofgäldofs3 fofgäldofs3 g`b ldsli ligi, b` efrä `ntr`jf g` unf sibdodtug `n bf qu` g`obfrf su oins`ntdld`nti pfrf pfrtdodpfr `n bf dnv`stdjfodÿn `n su rib g` `ntr`vdstfgi y pig`r r`jdstrfr bf `ntr`vdstf `n lft`rdfb fugdtdvi.

=.  =.  Dnstruoodin`s

F bi bfrji g` bf `ntr`vdstf efmbfr`lis simr` od`rtis hfotir`s qu` ointrdmuy`n `n `b äxdti i hrfofsi qu` bijrfn bfs ldori, p`qu`öfs y l`gdfnfs `lpr`sfs. Fsdldsli, `s n`o`sfrdi dngdofr

 

44 qu` ni `xdst`n r`spu`stfs oirr`otfs nd dnoirr`otfs3 pir `bbi n`o`sdtflis qu` r`spingf g` bf lfn`rf læs g`tfbbfgf pfrf pig`r ointrdmudr f bf pr`s`nt` dnv`stdj dnv`stdjfodÿn. fodÿn. ?. _`ou`nodf g` pr`juntfs

Gftis J`n`rfb`s 6.  Nilmr` g` bf `lpr`sf Ofrfz Oilpfny _.F.O. 

=. N» g` ]PO =1001==?104

?.

Gdr`oodÿn y N» g` td`ngf

Kdrin Fntindi Mfzi Nri :::

7.

Nilmr` g`b gu`öi i bf p`rsinf f ofrji

Buds Ju`rr`ri 

0.

Ioupfodÿn g`b gu`öi i bf p`rsinf f ofrji  

Fgldndstrfgir

8.

Nilmr` g` bf p`rsinf qu` nis ftd`n ftd`ng` g` y ofrji

Bdbdfnf _fbfzfr - X`ng`girf 

:.

¹Ouæntis trfmfkfgir`s td`n`n9 (dnobudr p`rsinf p`rsinfbb fgldndstrftdvi y ip`rftdvi)

07

5.

¹Bf `lpr`sf ou`ntf oin læs suoursfb suoursfb`s9 `s9

_d - 64

4.

¹Bf `lpr`sf `s hfldbdfr9

 Ni

61.

¹@b biofb oin `b qu` ou`ntfn `s pripdi9

_d

 

611

Ofg`nf Bijìstdof (Fmfst`odld`nti) 6.  6.  ¹Oÿli `s su prio`si g` fmfst`odld`nti g` dnsulis9

_` oilprf pir lfyir y s` oinh`oodinf. =.  =.  ¹Ou`ntfn oin unf vfrd`gfg g` priv``gir`s9

_d ?.  ¹Lfn`kfn fbjûn sdst`lf g` lfn`ki g` dnv`ntfrdis9 _d 7.  ¹Oÿli `s bf gdstrdmuodÿn g` bf l`rofg`rìf t`rldnfgf9 _` efo` un ointrib g` ofbdgfg, s` ointfmdbdzf, `nvu`bv` `nvu`bv` y gdstrdmuy` .

Qrio`si oil`rodfb 0.  ¹Edod`rin un `stugdi pr`vdi g` l`rofgi9 _d 8.  ¹Efodf quä s`otir `stæ `nhiofgi su l`rofgi9 Luk`r`s :. ¹Ointrftfn p`rsinfb `sp`odfbdzfgi `n `b ær`f oil`rodfb9

:.  ¹Ointrftfn p`rsinfb `sp`odfbdzfgi `n `b ær`f oil`rodfb9  Ni 5.  ¹Ptdbdzfn e`rrfld`ntfs g` lfrc`tdnj9 ¹Oufb`s9 ]`g`s _iodfb`s, hibb`tis 4.  ¹Oÿli lfn`kfn bis sfbfrdis g`b p`rsinfb g` v`ntfs9 _u`bgis hdkis læs minis s`jûn t`lpirfgf

Qrio`si hdnfnod`ri 61. ¹Wrfmfkfn oin `ntdgfg`s mfnofrdfs9

 

616 _ì 66. Vuä tdpi g` trfnsfoodin`s mfnofrdfs mfnofrdfs y/i lin`tfrdfs r`fbdzfn9 Qr`stflis 6=. Lfn`kfn un pr`supu`sti l`nsufb, s`l`strfb y/i fnufb9 _`l`strfb 6?. ¹Wd`n` fbjûn orägdti `n oursi9  Ni

Qrio`si g` Q`rsinfb 67. ¹Oin ouæntis ip`rfrdis ou`ntf9 ¹@s hdki i vfrìfn pir oflpföf9 ?1 - Hdki 60. ¹Ofpfodtfn f sus trfmfkfgir`s9 ¹Oin quä hr`ou`nodf9 h r`ou`nodf9 _d, l`nsufbl`nt` 68. ¹Vuä m`n`hdodis bfmirfb`s b` itirjf f su p`rsinfb9 _u`bgi hdki læs m`n`hdodis bfmirfb`s

Qrio`si priguotdvi 6:. ¹Ou`ntf oin lfqudnfrdf pripdf i fbqudbfgf9

Qripdf 65. ¹Ouænti td`lpi g` fntdjò`gfg td`n` bf lfqudnfrdf9 0 föis 64. ¹Ouæb `s `b r`ngdld`nti r `ngdld`nti i priguotdvdgfg pril`gdi g` `stf lfqudnfrdf9 Fbtf =1. ¹Ouæntis turnis g` trfmfki td`n`9 ? turnis

 

61= =6. ¹Vuä tdpi g` t`onibijìfs sin utdbdzfgfs `n bf `lpr`sf9 Oilputfgirfs, o`bubfr`s, tfmb`ts.

Qr`juntfs j`n`rfb`s ==. ¹Vuä ipdnf g` bis v`ng`gir`s flmubfnt`s y bf or`od`nt` dnhirlfbdgfg g`b s`otir9 Vu` jrfn pfrt` g` Jflfrrf `s dnhirlfb. =?. ¹@stfrìf gdspu`sti f sumointrftfr læs g` unis g` bis prio`sis qu` r`fbdzf `n su n`jiodi9 _d, g` fou`rgi f m`n`hdodis. =7. ¹Oinio` oin qud`n`s oilpdt` `n su l`rofgi9 Oin vfrdfs `lpr`sfs g`gdofgfs f bf v`ntf `n `b ldsli s`otir. =0. ¹Vuä hfotir`s bi gdh`r`nodfn g` su oilp`t`nodf9 Ofbdgfg. =8. ¹Or`` qu` su `lpr`sf td`n` äxdti9 _ì

 

61?

@lpr`sfs @ntr`vdstfgfs Nilmr` g` bf @lpr`sf

Nûl`ri g` ]PO

6)  Hrfjfnodf Ligf

6:7416:=461

=)  Oeioibft`

=18110168?=

?)  Migy Hdtn`ss @.D.].B

=106?:5?::1

7)  Cinnoy Or`ftdin·s & W`xtdb`rdf Dnt`rnftdinfb Dnt`rnftdinfb _.F.O

=101::78061

0)  Uedcfs _.].B

=10061?81:7

8)  Gfkd Jdrbs

61611?1854:

:)  Goft`xs _.F.O.

=1018?8??1:

5)  Mbu`: X`stdgis

=174==5:?=:

4)  In` Biv` _tir`

616455?175?

61) Lftftf

6170:187475

66) Lfrtdnf Ligf Dnhfntdb

=108?0:1571

6=) Q`rsp`otdv` Obitednj _.F.O.

=181671518:

6?) W`kdgis Jiyis—s _.].B. 

=10756?15=0

67) Q`ru Ligf Zdnny _.F.O.

=1816:5:417

60) Wip Cdgs _.F.O

=100=875=64

68) W`kdgis `n Qunti Nn`ybf G— Hfsedin @.D.].B.

=1010476==8

6:) Ofrfz Oilpfny _.F.O.

=1001==?104

65) Lfh`r & Fnj`bf _.F.O

=108?1571:7

64) Oinh`oodin`s Oujsf Qumbdodgfg @.D.].B.

=10?580:456

  =1) Oirpirfodin Dngustrdfb Ldju`bdti _.F.O =6) Qdnc & Mbu` @.D.].B.

=1077:8?1=0 =1816?5=0=6

==) Lig`bdn` _.F.O.

=18117=55=1

=?) Fngooruz

=10=657:1?0

 

617 =7) Dntdn`bbfs _.F.O.

=10677::?07

=0) Ixdj`n Cdgs

6178=?5458?

=8) Cdnjstin Prmfn Z`fr @.D.].B.

=10740=:046

=:) W`xtdb _fn ]flÿn

=161==86006

=5) _umbdjrfh _.F.O.

=10786181=6

=4) Mfbtdt`x _.F.O.

=101?0:?010

?1) Oirpirfodÿn [fhdri @.D.].B.

=10?046=6?6

?6) _cdn Oittin _.F.O.

=10?0418?=5

?=) Mindhfodi Oil`rodfb @.D.].B.

=100?741:15

??) _ibfrf _.F.O.

=1?50:0=?81

?7) Dngustrdf W`xtdb Foufrdi

=1=8:46156?

?0) Lyf Bdn`

617=6864187

?8) ]ìis & Enis _.F.O.

=16156=4576

?:) Ftedcf K`fns

6114?61=?11

?5) Gdvdnf's

617?68?:?07

?4) Mruligf _.F.O.

=106=6?7041

71) K`fns ]iy

=1?546:1081

76) Or`fodin`s Ofpm`r _.F.O 7=) G`sdjn & Ligf _fdgf _.F.O.

=1811588650 =107710=648

7?) Ordstdnf Oibirs _.F.O.

=10?:654==7

77) Oinh`t`xtdb`s Q`ru _.F.O.

=17:::66864

70) ] & L Oirpirftdin Q`ru _.F.O.

=101468=585

78) Lfrföf @.D.].B

=10785?1745

7:) Mrdsf Q`rû _iod`gfg Fnindlf O`rrfgf ‟ Mrdsf Q`ru _.F.O.

=1074?=6548

  75) Xdntfj` 15 15 _.F.O. 74) Eirnf Miofn`jrf Mrun`bbf Nftfbd

=1816=18156 61:1=:44:54

01) X`rnfoubf _.F.O.

=108?=?1?6?

06) _ujfr Bdps Oilpfny _.F.O.

=1?4=57=?05

 

610

0=) Mie`l ]`pr`s`ntfodin`s _.F.O.

=1014001615

0?) W`xtdb Vufbdty Ligf @D]B

=10=?::=50:

07) Bufnnf Miutdqu` fng _ei`s _.F.O.

=181=0:0077

00) Gdstrdmudgirf W`xtdb @b E`rlfni _.].B.

=1010606??6