Tesis Hurto (1) Con Correcciones

 

_I]ÚOHNKG ODHNVG_NGEG CI VIEIZYIHG @NEN[SI_ND CIH ]DCI_ ]D]YHG_ ]G_G HG ICYKGKNÛE YENVI_[NSG_NG, KNIEKNG ^ SIKEDHDBÀG YENVI_[NCGC EGKNDEGH IQ]I_N@IESGH CI HG [IBY_NCGC

I[S_GSIBNG[ ]_IVIESNVG[ CIH CIHNSD CI AY_SD CN_NBNCG G HD[ I[SYCNGESI[ CI HG Y.I. GEC_IG GHDE[D CI HICI[@G YONKGCG IE IH [IKSD_ _YNZ ]NEICG BYG_IEG[ I[SGCD @N_GECG

Sutdr @itdcdhûbnkd:  

Gutdrg:

 

Kanrneds @gràg K.N: 77.?32.7;3

Gornh ?=7>

 

KG]NSYHD N IH ]_DOHI@G

]hgetig`nietd cih ]rdohi`g Hg sntugknûe `uecngh si prisietg pridkupgeti, cioncd g hds kdestgeti kg`onds y trgesfdr`gkndeis qui si vge bieirgecd càg g càg, cioncd g hds kdefhnktds netireds ie vgrnds pgàsis gsà kd`d ih gubi i nekri`ietd cih cihntd, cih kugh enebúe pgàs istç ixietd, guegcd g istd, vge gpgrikniecd `çs drbgenzgkndeis krn`neghis drbgenzgcgs hgs kughis ed rispitge frdetirgs y gktúge ie cnfirietis pgàsis.G`îrnkg Hgtneg, ed is gj gjie iegg g is istg tg pr prdo dohi hi`ç `çtn tnkg kg,, pd pdrr ih kd kdet etrg rgrn rndd si ag vn vnst stdd ue ne nekr kri` i`ie ietd td ci hg krn`neghncgc, cdeci `ukags vikis, hds prdohi`gs sdknghis y hg ixkhusnûe sdkngh, sde ih kghcd cih kuhtnvd, pgrg qui ih krn`ie drbgenzgcd hdbri rikhutgr `ukads necnvncuds qui ed vniecd `ijdràg ie sus kdecnkndeis ci vncg, cikncie gpdygrhds y su`grsi g sus kgusgs. _ivnstg Kanhi ?==? (pgb7?) Ie hds úhtn`ds tni`pds, Vieizuihg ag sufrncd ue nekri`ietd pdohgkndegh ed gkdrci kde hg righncgc urogeàstnkg istrukturgcg ie ihhg, hg kugh trgi kd`d kdesikuiekng hg cisdrbgenzgknûe sdkngh ie tdcds hds envihis, gu`ietgcd gsà ued ci hds prdohi`gs `çs brgvi ci hg sdknicgc vieizdhgeg hg nesiburncgc knucgcgeg, ih kugh si vie rifhijgcds ie hgs virtnbnedsgs knfrgs ci cihntds dkurrncds. Ih Dosirvgtdrnd Vieizdhged ci hg Vndhi Vndhiekng ekng (DVV) puohnkû ie su úhtn úhtn`d `d nefdr`i ci ?=76 qui si istn`g istn`g ueg tgzg vndh vn dhie ietg tg ci `u `uirt irtis, is, ci 7== fghhi fghhikn kncd cdss pd pdrr kg kgcg cg 7== `n `nhh ag agon ontg tgeti etisc scdec decih ihds ds ad`nkncnds, pdr hg brgvicgc qui rivnstie, kgusge brge ghgr`g ie hg sdknicgc, pird sde hds cihntds cihntds ci Aurtd qui eu`îrnk eu`îrnkg`ieti g`ieti si kd`it kd`itie ie kde `gydr frikuiekn frikuiekng. g. Cisci agki g÷ds ih @nenst @nenstirnd irnd ci Netirn Netirndr dr Justnkng y ]gz ed púohnkg púohnkg cgtds kdekritds, pird hg úhtn`g Iekuistg Egkndegh ci Vnktn`nzgknûe y ]irkipknûe ci [iburncgc Knucgcgeg, ihgodrgcg ihgodr gcg ie ih ?==> pdr ih Nestntu Nestntutd td Egkndegh Egkndegh ci Istgcàstnkg Istgcàstnkg (NEI), grrdjû qui ie Vieizuihg si kd`itie geugh`ieti geugh`ieti kirkg ci `çs ci 3==.=== aurtds. Istd su`gcd kde

 

ih cihntd ci rdod, su`ge ie kdejuetd, kirkg cih 1=% ci hds cihntds qui si ijikutge ie Vieizuihg. Ie isti `ns`d drcie ci ncigs, hg nesiburncgc ag tdkgcd hgs fnorgs `çs siesnohis ci hg sdknicgc y ag `dstrgcd hg frgbnhncgc y vuheirgonhncgc ci hds ispgknds icukgtnvds g envih oçsnkd, `icnd supirndr y supirndr. Ed is fdrtuntd qui isti ti`g pir`geizkg ie hg gbiecg ci cnskusnûe ie hds envihis hdkghis, istgtghis, egkndeghis i netiregkndeghis y qui sig ti`g ci nevistnbgknûe cisci hgs nestntukndeis ci icukgknûe supirndr  ]dr kdesnbunieti, istds cihntds si age nekri`ietgcd hds úhtn`ds g÷ds, cioncd g hgs cnfirietis prdohi`çtnkg qui vnvi ih pgàs. Gsà kd`d hg fghtg ci vghdris qui ixnstie. [ibúe Bgrkàg (7>>1), gfnr`g: "Wui hds vghdris sde hd qui suihi `dvir hg kdecuktg y ih kd`pdrtg`nietd ci hgs pirsdegs< drnietgecd hg vncg y `grkgecd hg pirsdeghncgc hd qui gyucg gh ouie cisievdhvn`nietd cietrd ci hg sdknicgc". G pisgr ci hds isfuirzds qui ag righnzgcd ih bdonired ie `gtirng ci siburncgc, ed si ag hdbrgcd kdesibunr ueg sdhuknûe ifnkgz g isti tirrnohi prdohi`g qui gfiktg g hg sdknicgc. G tgh puetd qui ie hg gktughncgc si istçe vniecd gfiktgcds pdr cnkad `gh, hgs uenvirsncgcis, hnkids y kdhibnds age sncd vàktn`gs ie `úhtnphis dkgsndeis ci istds cihn cihntd tds, s, sn sntu tugk gknû nûee qu quii cied ciedtg tg pr prid idku kupg pgkn knûe ûe ie is istu tucn cnge geti tis, s, pr prdf dfis isdr dris is y riprisietgetis, Isti prdohi`g `ir`g hg kdefngezg ci hds `ni`ords ci ue brupd y is  oçsnkg`ieti yg qui cioi sir gtgkgcd kd`d prdohi`g kdhiktnvd. Kugecd ih aurtd si kdeknoi kd`d ue prdohi`g necnvncugh (agy ghbunie qui aurtg, ue ‘cihnekuieti‐) si  pnirci isi fgktdr kd`uentgrnd y ci kuhturg ci hg iskuihg qui is tge n`pdrtgeti. ]dr hd tgetd, si gpuetg g trgogjgr kdhiktnvg`ieti ih ti`g. @ukads kdhibnds ed istçe gkdstu`orgcds g istd pird is hg úenkg `geirg ci hhibgr righ`ieti gh fdecd cih gsuetd. gsue td. Is eiki eikisgrn sgrndd agkir g hds ist istucn ucnget getis is kdeskniet kdesknietis is ci qui ih aurtd aurtd is ue  prdohi`g, puis guequi pgrizkg `ietnrg, `ukags vikis ed ixnsti kdekniekng phieg ietri ihhds ci qui hd sig. _isuhtg útnh pdr ihhd kdevirsgr ie hgs guhgs sdori ih ti`g: ´Kû`d hd pirknoie4 ´Kuçhis sde sus kgusgs4 ´_ikdedkie sus kdesikuiekngs pgrg ihhds `ns`ds y pgrg hg vncg ie ih guhg y ie hg iskuihg4 Is eikisgrnd tieir sisndeis sn`phi`ieti pgrg ciogtnr ih ti`g y trgogjgr hg ncig ci qui is ue gsuetd KDHIKSNVD qui kdeknirei g tdcds y ed ue prdohi`g necnvncugh (qui is kd`d usugh`ieti hds

 

istucngetis hd vie), puis gfiktg hg kdefngezg qui si tnieie hds `ni`ords ci hg kd`uencgc, cnfnkuhtg ih ouie cisievdhvn`nietd ci hgs khgsis, itk. Istd suihi td`gr  tni`pd tni` pd puis pgsgr ci ueg vnsnûe necnvnc necnvncugh ugh ci isti tnpd ci gsuetds g ueg kd`uentgrng kd`uentgrng is ue prdkisd hietd. ]dr hd tgetd, is n`pdrtgeti trgogjgr ih ti`g cisci tris frietis: ued, agkniecd ietiecir g hds istucngetis qui dkuhtgr ueg fghtg -ih aurtd ie isti kgsd- ed is gcikugcd (qui ed is sneûen`d ci g`nstgc, pdr iji`phd), agknîecdhds kdesknietis ci hd qui snieti hg vàktn`g gh agoir sncd dojitd ci ue aurtd, y sdori tdcd, agknîecdhds pgrtàknpis kdhiktnvg`ieti cih tnpd ci sgeknûe. Istd cioiràg sir ue prdkisd cneç`nkd ie ih qui hg kd`uencgc icukgtnvg dpneg y grbu`ietg sdori hd qui si `iriki hg pirsdeg qui ag kd`itncd hg fghtg, y td`g kdhiktnvg`ieti hg ciknsnûe ci sgekndegr d ci cgr g hg  pirsdeg ueg sibuecg dpdrtuencgc. dpdr tuencgc. Hg`ietgohi`ieti `ukads kdhibnds ed puicie gphnkgr isti tnpd ci istrgtibng  pdrqui tnieie ribhg`ietds pricitir`negcds y ràbncds qui euekg si rivnsge y ie hds qui si istnpuhg ci geti`ged qui aurtgr is ‘fghtg brgvi‐, y si si÷ghg hg sgeknûe g gphnkgr. ]griki edknvd, yg qui kgcg kgsd tniei pgrtnkuhgrncgcis qui cioie tieirsi ie kuietg gh `d`ietd ci cikncnr. ´Kû`d puici sgoirsi ci geti`ged qui ghbd is ‘fghtg brgvi‐ sne td`gr ie kuietg -pdr iji`phd- hgs netiekndeis ci hg pirsdeg, ih kdetixtd ci hg fghtg, d hds pdsnohis gtieugetis4 Kde isi tnpd ci ribhg`ietds si gtg ci pnis y `geds g hds prdfisdris, qunieis `ukags vikis si snietie dohnbgcds g sibunrhds guequi ed krige ie ihhds, y ed si pir`nti hg pgrtnknpgknûe ci hds istucngetis ie hg righ td`g ci ciknsndeis sdori hgs ribhgs qui rnbie su vncg iskdhgr. Ie risu`ie, is eikisgrnd rd`pir hg ncig ci ueg cnsknphneg cnvncncg ie ueg kuhturg gcuhtg (gcuhtds qui krige hgs ribhgs y hgs gphnkge d n`pdeie) virsus ueg kuhturg istucngetnh (istucngetis qui ed pgrtnknpge ie hg bieirgknûe ci hgs edr`gs y qui riknoie sgekndeis pgsnvg`ieti), ci `dcd qui hds istucngetis si snietge pgrti ci hg kuht kuhturg urg ci hg iskui iskuihg hg y gs gsu` u`ge ge ue uegg pgrtn pgrtnkn knpgk pgknû nûee cn cnri rikt ktgg ie hg vn vncg cg (edr` (edr`gs, gs, ribhg`ietds, ribhg` ietds, sgek sgekndeis) ndeis) ci hg `ns `ns`g. `g. ]grg ihh ihhd, d, hg cnsknphneg cnsknphneg cioi sir ietiecncg ietiecncg kd`d ixprisnûe ci ueg `drgh kd`pgrtncg (pdr tdcds) y ed kd`d kdetrdh sdkngh d sn`p sn`phi hi `g `gei eijd jd ci kd kdec ecuk uktg tg.. Ci Cioi oi cijg cijgrr ci si sirr pu puen entn tnvg vg pg pgrg rg pg pgsg sgrr g ti tiei eir  r 

 

kdeedtgkndei kdeedt gkndeiss `drghi `drghis. s. [n hg cnsknphneg cnsknphneg si vuihvi ueg tgrig kdhiktnvg, kdhiktnvg, hds istucngetis istucngetis gsu`nrçe ih kdetrdh cnsknphnegrnd kd`d prdpnd, si gkgogrç hg prisnûe ci pgris pgrg agkir priknsg`ieti hd kdetrgrnd g hgs edr`gs, yg qui hgs edr`gs ed sirçe ‘ci hds  prdfisdris‐ sned ci tdcds. Jige ]ngbit cikàg kde tdcg rgzûe qui hg cnsknphneg cioi gogecdegr hg ncig ci qui ih prn`ir dojitnvd cih kgstnbd cioi sir hg cnsugsnûe (pgrg hd qui si eikisntge kgstnbds kgcg viz `çs adrriecds), y rikdedkir qui su dojitnvd  prneknpgh cioiràg sir hg ixprisnûe ci hg cisgprdogknûe cih brupd. Istd cipieci, pdr  supuistd, ci hg fuirzg ci hg kd`uencgc y ih gpriknd qui kgcg ued ci sus `ni`ords hi tiebg.  

Ih @uenknpnd ]hgzg ed istç ixietd ci istgs sntugkndeis, ispikàfnkg`ieti ie hg

Y.I ‘Ghdesd Gecrig ci Hicis`g‐, uonkgcg ie ih [iktdr ci _unz ]neicg, @uenknpnd ]hgzg Istgcd @nrgecg, cdeci si istç bieirgecd ogjg gutdistn`g ie istucngetis,  prdfisdris y pirsdegh dorird qui hgodrge ie cnkag nestntuknûe, cioncd g qui `ukags vikis si vie gfiktgcds kugecd tnieie qui suspiecir hgs khgsis pdr `icncgs ci siburncgc cioncd g qui age sncd vàktn`gs ci aurtd ]dr kdes kdesnbu nbunie nieti ti age snc sncdd gfiktg gfiktgcds cds cnrikt cnriktg`i g`ieti eti,, yg qui `ukads ci hds dojitds aurtgcds kd`úe`ieti sde `gtirnghis tikedhûbnkds kd`d kd`putgcdrgs< hd qui ivntg ih ouie cisgrrdhhd ci hgs gktnvncgcis iskdhgris, nekhusd age dptgcd pdr  gogecdegr hds istucnd pdr ih istgcd ci ghirtg ie ih kugh vnvie y pdr `nicd ci pircir  agstg su vncg. ]dr hd kugh si vndhg ih cirikad g hg icukgknûe g hds jûvieis istucngetis tnpn tnpnfn fnkgc kgcgg ie hg kd kdest estnt ntuk uknû nûee ci hg _ipúo _ipúohn hnkg kg Odhn Odhnvg vgrn rngeg geg ci Vieiz Vieizui uihg hg ie sus grtàkuhds 7=? y 7=; ie hds kughis istgohiki hg icukgknûe kd`d ue cirikad au`ged y ue cioir sdkngh fuecg`ietgh, ie hg kugh ih istgcd is ih `çxn`d bgrgeti ie hg nbughcgc ci kdecnkndeis kdecnkndeis y dpdrtuencg dpdrtuencgcis cis ci hg sdknicgc vieizdhgeg, vieizdhgeg, ci ghhà hg n`pdrtgekng n`pdrtgekng ci ritd`gr hds vghdris ci hg sdknicgc qui si age istgcd pircniecd y qui gyucie g cns`neunr ci `geirg ifiktnvg isti fieû`ied ci krn`neghncgc qui si vnvi ie hg gktughn gkt ughncgc cgc.. . Aikad Aikad kdedknc kdedkncdd pdr hgs gut gutdrn drncgci cgciss icukgtn icukgtnvgs vgs cih phg phgeti etih, h, quniei qunieiss sdhnkntgrde, righnzgr hgodris ci pgtruhhgji iskdhgr pdr hgs gcygkiekngs ci hg nestntuknûe y hg gphnkgknûe ci kdevirsgtdrnds g hds istucngetis kd`d `icncg privietnvg y ivntgr ih gu`iet gu` ietdd cih aurt aurtd, d, y si bieiri ue prdohi`g prdohi`g kdhiktnv kdhiktnvdd qui gfikti gfikti hg kd`uenc kd`uencgc gc

 

istucngetnh y pdr ieci, qui n`phnqui ih gogecded iskdhgr, cisirknûe i nekhusnvi, ih rdod rdod pdr pdr ih pr prdo dohi hi`g `g citi citikt ktgc gcd, d, pd pdrr hg fg fght htgg ci dr drni niet etgk gknû nûee ci hg fg fg`n `nhn hng, g, ciskdedkn`nietd ci hgs kdesikuiekngs, pdeniecd ie rnisbd hg vncg y sghuc. Hg Yencgc Icukgtnvg ‘Ghdesd Gecrig ci Hicis`g‐, uonkgcg ie ih @uenknpnd ]hgzg Bugriegs Istgcd @nrgecg istç ie puetd ci quniori pdr ih cihntd ci aurtd ih kugh ag sncd kdestgeti cijgecd ueg brge siesgknûe ci nesiburncgc, qui gfiktg ie tdcds hds gs gspi pikt ktds ds g is istg tg kg kgsg sg ci is istu tucn cnd, d, ti tien enie iecd cd kd kd`d `d kd kdes esik ikui uiek ekng ng si sies esgk gknû nûee ci nesiburncgc, ciskdefngezg, ritrgsd ie hgs gktnvncgcis gkgcî`nkgs, cisirknûe iskdhgr  ietri dtrgs. [niecd eikisgrng hg prisieti nevistnbgknûe pgrg ih gpdyd ie siburncgc knucgcgeg qui cioi sir n`phi`ietgcd kde rnburdsg gtieknûe y prndrncgc. Ie isti `ns`d drcie ci ncigs si prisietge hgs snbunietis netirrdbgetis pgrg cgr  rispuistg g hg prdohi`çtnkg phgetigcg: ´Wuî kdedkn`nietds kdedkn`nietds privnds cih cihntd ci Aurtd pdsiie hds istucngetis istucngetis ci hg Yencgc Icukgtnvg ‘Ghdesd Gecrig ci Hicis`g‐, uonkgcg ie ih @uenknpnd ]hgzg Bugriegs Istgcd @nrgecg ´Wuî tnpd ci Istrgtibngs icukgtnvgs cioie sir utnhnzgcgs pgrg ih fdrtghikn`nietd ci hg  privieknûe cih cihntd ci Aurtd ie i e hg Yencgc Icukgtnvg ‘Ghdesd Gecrig ci Hicis`g‐, uonkgcg ie ih @uenknpnd ]hgzg Bugriegs Istgcd @nrgecg4

Cngbeûstnkd ]grtnknpgtnvd Kd`uentgrnd

]grg ih prisieti cngbeûstnkd pgrtnknpgtnvd kd`uentgrnd, si righnzge cnvirsgs vnsntgs g hg nestntuknûe icukgtnvg y hg righnzgknûe ci iekuietrds kd`uentgrnds g trgvîs ci gsg`ohigs ci pgcris y riprisietgetis, riprisietgetis, riuendei riuendeis, s, tghhiris, `isgs ci trgogjd trgogjd ie hds kdesijds icukgtnvds i netibrgknûe ci ietis buoireg`ietghis y púohnkds g fgvdr ci hg icukgknûe y g hg sdhuknûe ci hds cnvirsds prdohi`gs. Ie hgs `ns`gs si rikdhiktgrç nefdr`gknûe g trgvîs ci hg tîkenkg hhuvng ci ncigs, gpdrtis pgrg hg sdhuknûe ci hds prdohi`gs, ribnstrd ci edtgs, gphnkgknûe ci iekuistg gh

 

 pirsdegh cnriktnvd i nefdr`getis khgvis ci hg kd`uencgc, y hds gpdrtis qui puicge cgr  hds cnvirsds ietis, pgrg hhivgr g kgod kde ifnkgkng ih cisgrrdhhd cih prdyiktd ie hg sdhuknûe ci hds prdohi`gs citiktgcds, sibúe hg prndrncgc.

Jirgrqunzgknûe ci Eikisncgcis

Snpds ci ]rdohi`gs

[dknghis

]rdohi`gs - Aurtd ci Iqunpds Sikedhûbnkds - Nrri Nrrisp spit itd d g hds hds prdfisdris. - Cihn Cihnek ekui uiek ekng ng  juvienh. - Ouhhyneb. - Kde Kdefh fhnk nktd tds s ie ie hg netirgkknûe istucngetnh.

- Citirndrd ci hgs nestghgkndeis nestghgkndeis icukgtnvgs pdr pgrti ci hds istucngetis. Ci Nefrgistrukturg

]rdpuistg ci [dhuknûe

]rndrnzgknûe

- Sghh hhi iri ris s ci - Aurt Aurtd d ci ci Iqun Iqunpd pds s privieknûe ci Sikedhûbnkds - Ouhhyeb. [iburncgc - Cihne hnekui kuiekng kng Knucgcgeg - Kdesijd Kd`uegh, Kdesijd ci: Icukgtnvd, @nenstirnd  G trgvîs ci: ]úohnkd, Kdesijd ci ]rdtikknûe cih En÷d En÷g y Gcdhiskieti, - Kdev Kdevir irsg sgtd tdrn rnds ds Kd`ntî Icukgtnvd, pdr hg DEG, NCIEG, Fnskghàg cih @iedr, Sghhiris pdr ietis i Cifiesg ]úohnkg, nestntukndeis DEG, Kd`nsnûe ci - Gphn Gphnkg kgkn knûe ûe ci Cipdrti, NCIEEG. sgekndeis - Kgsd Kgsds sc cnr nrnb nbnc ncds ds ghh ghh Kdesijd ci ]rdtikknûe - _ipg _ipgrg rgkn knûe ûe ci - Neti Netibr brgk gknû nûe e ci ci hg hg puirtgs y rijgs. fg`nhng, iskuihg y @getie ien` n`ni niet etd d cih cih kd`uencgc, Kdesijd - @get g`onieti iskdhgr. Icukgtnvd, FICI. - _ipg _ipgrg rgkn knûe ûe ci `isgs, snhhgs y  G trgvîs ci ci hgs pupntris. ]netur urg g ie ie hds hds snbunietis gkkndeis: - ]net ispgknds icukgtnvds.

- Jdre reg gcg ci `getien`nietd iskdhgr 

 

Snpds ci ]rdohi`gs

Ci [irvnknds ]úohnkds

]rdohi`gs

]rdpuistg ci [dhuknûe

]rndrnzgknûe

- Gouecgekn kng g ci hg `ghizg ghricicdr ci hg

- [irv [irvnk nknd nds s ]úoh ]úohnk nkds ds ci hg Ghkghcàg cih `uenknpnd ]hgzg.

- Kdrr Kdrris ispd pdes esgo gonh nhnc ncgc gc ci hds cnvirsds ietis kd`pitietis.

nestntuknûe. - Fghtg ci  G trgvîs ci ci hgs fu`nbgknûe. - Kdetg`negknûe snbunietis gkkndeis: pdr rikdhikknûe rikdhikknûe nedpdrtueg ci cisikads sûhncds. - Kdrt Kdrti ic ci i hg hg `gh `ghiz izg g - Gusiekng ci siburncgc iskdhgr. - Fu`nbgknûe - _ikdh kdhikknû kknûe e dpdrtueg ci hds cisikads - ]grt ]grtnk nknp npgk gknû nûe e ci hds pgcris y riprisietgetis g trgvîs cih Kdesijd Icukgtnvd ie hds Kd`ntîs ci  G`onieti,, [ghuc i  G`onieti Nefrgistrukturg

Sgohg Eº 7 Hg Nevistnbgcdrg

 

Çrodh cih ]rdohi`g

NEK_I@IESD CI HD[ CIHNSD[ IE HG Y.I.

CI[KDEDKN@NIESD CI HG[ ED_@G[ CI HG NE[SNSYKNDE

_DOD[ IE HG NE[SNSYKNDE

AY_SD

FGHSG CI KDEDKN@NIESD IE @GSI_NG CI ]_IVIEKNÛE CIH CIHNSD CI AY_SD

FGHSG CI [IBY_NCGC IE HG Y.I.

FGHSG CI VGHD_I[

FGHSG CI KD@YENKGKNÛE ]DHNKNG KD@YENCGC

FGHSG CI ]GS_YHHGJI VIANKYHG_ Fuieti: _ighnzgknûe prdpng ci hg nevistnbgcdrg (?=7>)

 

DOJISNVD[ CI I[SYCND Dojitnvd Bieirgh Cisgrrdhhgr Istrgtibngs ie privieknûe cih Cihntd ci Aurtd, cnrnbncg g hds istucngetis ci hg Y.I. Ghdesd Gecrig ci Hicis`g, uonkgcg ie ih @uenknpnd ]hgzg [iktdr ci _unz ]neicg Bugriegs Istgcd @nrgecg

Dojitnvds Ispikàfnkds Ncietnf Ncie tnfnkg nkgrr hds kded kdedkn` kn`nie nietds tds priv privnds nds gki gkirkg rkg cih cihntd cihntd ci Aurt Aurtdd cnr cnrnbn nbncd cd g hds istucngetis ci hg Y.I ‘Ghdesd Gecrig ci Hicis`g‐uonkgcg ie ih @uenknpnd ]hgzg Bugriegs Istgcd @nrgecg. Geghnz Geg hnzgr gr hgs cnf cnfirie irietis tis ist istrgt rgtibn ibngs gs icuk icukgtn gtnvgs vgs cnrnbn cnrnbncgs cgs g hds ist istucn ucnget getis is pgrg ih fdrtghikn`nietd ci hg privieknûe cih cihntd ci aurtd ie hg Y.I ‘Ghdesd Gecrig ci Hicis`g‐uonkgcg ie ih @uenknpnd ]hgzg Bugriegs Istgcd @nrgecg. Gphnkgr hgs Istrgtibngs ci privieknûe cih Cihntd ci Aurtd cnrnbncgs g hds istucngetis ci hg Y.I ‘Ghdesd Gecrig ci Hicis`g‐uonkgcg ie ih @uenknpnd ]hgzg Bugriegs Istgcd @nrgecg

 

Çrodh ci hds Dojitnvds Sghhiris kde Cdkietis y _iprisietgetis pgrg hg  pgrtnknpgknûe ie hg  phgenfnkgknûe cih ]hge ci Gkknûe

Kde ih ]hge ci Gkknûe yg ijikutgcd si cnsi÷g ih ]hge ci Gkknûe pgrg hg rispiktnvg ivghugknûe

Ietrivnstgs kde Cnriktnvds, Cdkietis, Gc`nenstrgtnvds, Dorirds y istucngetis,

Cisgrrdhhgr Istrgtibngs ie privieknûe cih Cihntd ci Aurtd

Cngbedstnkgr hds kdedkn`nietds privnds gkirkg cih cihntd ci

Gphnkgr hgs Istrgtibngs ci  privieknûe cih Cihntd ci Aurtd cnrnbncgs g hds istucngetis Geghnzgr hgs cnfirietis istrgtibngs icukgtnvgs cnrnbncgs g hds istucngetis pgrg ih fdrtghikn`nietd ci hg   Fuieti: _ighnzgknûe prdpng ci hg nevistnbgcdrg (?=7>)

 

JY[SNFNKGKNDE Is rihivgeti ih prisieti istucnd, pdrqui si righnzgrçe ci fdr`g snsti`çtnkg y drbgenzgcg hds cnvirsds prdkicn`nietds d gktnvncgcis, g trgvîs ci ue kdejuetd ci gkkndeis ci fdr`g pgrtnknpgtnvg kde tdcds hds gktdris sdknghis: ]dhnkàg, Kdesijd Kd`uegh, Kd`uencgc Istucngetnh pgrg hg vnghncgc ie hg sdhuknûe ci hg prdohi`çtnkg citiktgcg, utnhnzgecd Istrgtibngs ci siburncgc knucgcgeg cnrnbncg g hg privieknûe ci hds istucngetis y ci hds qui g cngrnd righnzge hgodris cietrd ci hg Yencgc Icukgtnvg. Istgs gkkndeis istçe fuecg`ietgcgs ie ]rd cih onieistgr istucngetnh, pirsdegh gc`nenstrgtnvd, y dorird, `dstrgecd hg n`pdrtgekng cih cisphnibui y uenfnkgknûe ci hg ]dhnkàg-Kd`uencgc, hg kugh tniei ih dojitd ci cns`neunr hg sirni ci cihntds ie hg Nestntuknûe, yg qui kd`d istucngetis YEI[ is `uy n`pdrtgeti ih gpdrti qui pir`ntg hg siburncgc knucgcgeg, kd`d fuekndegrnds pdhnknghis is ci tdtgh rihivgekng yg qui pdr  `icnd ci hgs tî tîkenkgs kenkgs ci ne nevistnb vistnbgknûe gknûe si puicie citiktgr citiktgr hds fdkds qui qui puicge puicge iekdetrgrsi ie hg zdeg. ]dr dtrg pgrti, is ci brge eikisncgc, cioncd g qui ih phge ci gkknûe is cistnegcd gh fdr fdrtg tghi hikn kn`n `nie ietd td ci hg [ib [iburn urncg cgcc Kn Knuc ucgc gcgeg geg tr trgvî gvîss ci cn cnvi virsg rsgss is istr trgt gtibn ibngs gs y  pgrtnknpgknûe ci cnvirsds ietis sdknghis y buoireg`ietghis, kdetrnouyiecd g ue kg`ondd ci kdekni kg`on kdekniekng ekng y rifhix rifhixnûe nûe ci hds qui hgodrge ie hg Nestntuknûe. Nestntuknûe. Gsà `ns`d, ih  prisieti prdyiktd bieirgrç oieifnknds pgrg hg pdohgknûe istucngetnh, gcqunrniecd airrg`nietgs ci drnietgknûe pgrg hg prdyikknûe ci `itgs qui prdpdrkndege ueg `ijdr  netirgkknûe kde ih pirsdegh cdkieti, Gc`nenstrgtnvd, Dorird, krigecd ih sietncd ci  pirtieiekng y ih kuncd ci hgs nestghgkndeis. Ci nbugh fdr`g, pir`ntnrç fdrtghikir hg nestntuknûe ci hg Yenvirsncgc Egkndegh Ixpirn`ietgh Ixpirn `ietgh ci hg [iburnc [iburncgc gc (YEI[) ie su @nsnûe y Vnsnûe, Vnsnûe, cgecd kricnonhncgc kricnonhncgc ie ih ku`phn`nietd ci hds dojitnvds nestntukndeghis y ih euivd rdh cih Fuekndegrnd gh sirvnknd ci hgs kd`uencgcis, bieirgecd pristnbnd y rikdedkn`nietd sdkngh pdr pgrti ci hg knucgcgeàg.Istd n`phnkg hg netibrgknûe cih fuekndegrnd ie hds cnvirsds ç`ontds ie ih kde kdetix tixtd td sdkng sdkngh, h, icukgtnvd icukgtnvd,, fg`nh fg`nhngr ngr y kd` kd`uen uentgr tgrnd, nd, ijirkni ijirkniecd ecd cisci cisci ueg

 

fnhdsdfàg au`genstg, ih rispitd g hgs hiyis y hgs edr`gtnvgs hibghis qui cifneie isti euivd rdh, gkgogecd kde ih necnvncughns`d, y sietgr hgs ogsis ci ueg kdekniekng knucgcgeg,dfrikniecd hg siburncgc sdkngh y hg kdevnviekng ie pgz, g trgvîs ci ue phge ci gkknûe pgrg ih fdrtghikn`nietd ci hg [iburncgc Knucgcgeg. Ci nbugh fdr`g is ci su`g n`pdrtgekng g envih ci kd`uencgc yg qui netibrg hg  pgrtnknpgknûe sdkngh, nevdhukrgecd g hds sujitds snbenfnkgetis cnriktg`ieti kde hds nevistnbgcdris, pir`ntnîecdhi hg netirgkknûe, pgrg pdcir hdbrgr kde ih dojitnvd fnegh qui is hg privieknûe cih Cihntd ci Aurtd ie hg Nestntuknûe

 

KG]NSYHD NN @G_KD SID_NKD [ibúe Grngs (?==6), hgs ogsis tiûrnkgs ‘[de ih kdejuetd ci tidràgs, iefdquis y `dcihds qui fuecg`ietge hg nevistnbgknûe y snrvie pgrg netirpritgr ih fieû`ied d  prdohi`g phgetigcd qui si istucng, kdestntuyi ih rispghcd kdekiptugh qui si hi cg gh  prdohi`g‐ (p. 37). Ih `grkd tiûrn tiûrnkd kd istç drnietgcd drnietgcd g cgr sdpdrti g hgs hgs eikisncgcis eikisncgcis phgetigcgs phgetigcgs cietrd ci hg nevistnbgknûe, pdr tgh rgzûe si phgetige tîr`neds tiûrnkds rihivgetis g fne ci ornecgr ueg kd`priesnûe prdfuecg sdori ih ti`g ie istucnd y prdpdrkndegr ueg vnsnûe khgrg khgrg ci hg nefdr`gkn nefdr`gknûe ûe tiûrn tiûrnkg kg sdori hgs kughis si cgrçe g kdedkir hgs tidrà tidràgs gs `çs risghtgetis.

GESIKICIESI[ CI HG NEVI[SNBGKNDE Hds getikicietis ci hg nevistnbgknûe istçe rifirncds g istucnds privnds sdori ih ti`g ie kuistnûe, is ciknr, trgtg ci trgogjds sdori ih cihntd ci Aurtd , kde ih doj dojitd itd ci geghnzgrhds y ixtrgir ci ihhds pdsnohis ghtiregtnvgs qui pir`ntge ku`phnr, kde ih dojitnvd bieirgh ci istg nevistnbgknûe, ci gaà si prisietge hds snbunietis: Kgstrd (?=7;), (?=7;), prisietd prisietd ue istucnd istucnd qui hhivg pdr tàtu tàtuhd hd ‘ Ghngezg istrgtîbnkg

ietri hds fuekndegrnds pdhnknghis cih Kuirpd ci ]dhnkàg Egkndegh Odhnvgrngeg y hg kd`uencgc icukgtnvg cih hnkid _gfgih Yrcgeitg ci hg ]grrdqung [ge Jdsî pgrg ih `getien `ge tien`ni `nietd etd ci hg sib siburn urncgc cgc knu knucgcg cgcgeg‐ eg‐. Ih tr trgo gogj gjdd si ci cisg sgrr rrdh dhhû hû ie hg uenvir uen virsncg sncgcc egk egknde ndegh gh ixpirn` ixpirn`iet ietgh gh ci hg sibu siburnc rncgc gc y si fdr`uhû fdr`uhû kd`d kd`d dojitn dojitnvd vd bieirgh bie irgh Cis Cisgrrd grrdhhg hhgrr ueg ghn ghngezg gezg ist istrgt rgtîbn îbnkg kg iet ietri ri hds fuek fueknde ndegrn grnds ds pdh pdhnkn nknghi ghiss cih

 

Kuirpd Kui rpd ci ]dh ]dhnkà nkàgg Egknde Egkndegh gh Odhnvg Odhnvgrng rngeg eg y hg kd`uen kd`uencgc cgc icuk icukgtn gtnvg vg hnk hnkid id _gfg _gfgih ih Yrcgeitg ci hg ]grrdqung [ge Jdsî pgrg ih `getien`nietd ci hg siburncgc knucgcgeg. Cisci ueg vnsnûe `itdcdhûbnkg hg nevistnbgknûe fui ci kg`pd, ogjd ue envih ciskrnptnvd y ue cnsi÷d ed ixpirn`ietgh. Hg pdohgknûe dojitd ci istucnd istuvd kdestntuncg pdr hds `ni`ords ci hg kd`uencgc icukgtnvg cih rifirncd hnkid y hds fuekn fue kndeg degrn rnds ds pd pdhn hnkn kngh ghis is gcskrn gcskrntd td g hg kustd kustdcn cngg y prdti prdtikk kknû nûee ci is isii si sikt ktdr dr ci hg  pgrrdqung [ge Jdsî. Yeg viz kuh`negcd ih istucnd si kd`prdoû ue ghtd àecnki ci nesiburncgc knucgcgeg ie hgs gcygkiekngs cih phgetih hd qui g`irntg hg gcdpknûe ci `icncgs tiecnietis g rivirtnr tgh sntugknûe. Kde isi trgogjd istgohikir ueg kdeixnûe ietri ih istucnd qui si righnzg y hg nevi nevist stnb nbgk gknû nûee ci cisk skrn rntg tg.. ]uis ]uis hd hdss cd cdss si ri rifn fnir irie ie gh kd kdet etrd rdhh ci cihh ci cihn hntd td ie hg hgss nestntukndeis icukgtnvgs y ih trgogjd ie kdejuetd ci hds kuirpds ci siburncgc, pirsdegh ci hg nestntuknûe y kd`uencgc< cçecdhi n`pdrtgekng g hg pgrtnknpgknûe prdtgbûenkg ci hg kd`uencgc y gh trgogjd `gekd`uegcd kde hds kuirpds ci siburncgc gh istgohikir  istrgtibngs qui pir`ntge risbugrcgr hgs nestntukndeis icukgtnvgs.  Eigzdg (?=7?), (?= 7?), pr prisietd isietd ueg nevistnbgknûe tntuhgcg ‘Cnsi÷d ci ue prdbrg`g

pgrg hg prdtikk prdtikknûe nûe ci hg Y.I.E. Kgrnkugd curgeti hds pirndc pirndcds ds vgkgkndeghi vgkgkndeghiss ‐. Ih trgogjd fui prisietgcd ie hg Yenvirsncgc Egkndegh Ixpirn`ietgh ci hg [iburncgc y tuvd kd`d dojitnvd bieirgh. Cnsi÷gr ue prdbrg`g pgrg hg ]rdtikknûe ci hg Y.I.E. Kgrnkugd, curgeti hds pirndcds vgkgkndeghis. Ih istucnd si nesirtû ie hg `dcghncgc ci nevistnbgknûe ci kg`pd, ogjd ue envih ciskrnptnvd, `nietrgs qui hg pdohgknûe istuvd kdestntuncg pdr hds agontgetis ci hg YC. 9 ci hg pgrrdqung Kgrnkugd. Fneghnzgcg hg nevistnbgknûe, ih gutdr ci hg `ns`g kdekhuyd qui ih àecnki ci aurtds ie hg Y.I.E. is su`g`ieti ghtd curgeti hds pirndcds vgkgkndeghis, rgzûe pdr hg kugh si riquiràg ih cnsi÷d ci ue prdbrg`g ci priviekn privieknûe. ûe. Kd`d si dosirvg ie g`ogs nevistnbgkndeis hg vgrngohi cipiecnieti si gsdkng gh ti`g ci hds aurtds ie hgs uencgcis icukgtnvgs, ci ghhà hg rihgknûe y ih gpdrti qui istds istucnds bieirge sdori hg nevis nevistn tnbg bgkn knûe ûe qu quii gk gktu tugh gh`i `iet etii si ci cisgr sgrrdh rdhhg hg.. Gci`ç Gci`çss kd kdest estnt ntuyi uyiee ue uegg fuiet fuietii rifiriekngh ci n`pdrtgekng kgpntgh pgrg hg kdestrukknûe ci hgs ogsis tiûrnkgs.

 

@grtàe @gr tàeiz iz (?=7 (?=77), 7), prisiet prisietdd ueg nevist nevistnbg nbgknû knûee qui tàt tàtuhd uhd ‘Istr Istrgtib gtibngs ngs ci

priviek pri vieknûe nûe drn drnietg ietgcgs cgs g hg cns cns`ne `neukn uknûe ûe ci hgs gktn gktnvnc vncgcis gcis cih cihnkt nktnvg nvgss ie hgs icnfnkgkndeis iskdhgris cih @uenknpnd Hnoirtgcdr‐. Ih istucnd fui prisietgcd ie ih Nestntutd Yenvirsntgrnd ci hg ]dhnkàg Knietàfnkg pgrg dptgr pgrg ih brgcd ci ispiknghnstg ie Gc`nenstrgknûe y Biriekng ci ]dhnkàg. Ih gutdr ci hg nevistnbgknûe si phgetiû kd`d dojitnvd bieirgh Cnsi÷gr Istrgtibngs ci ]rivieknûe Drnietgcgs g hg Cns`neuknûe ci hgs Gktnvncgcis cihnktnvgs ie hgs icnfnkgkndeis iskdhgris cih @uenknpnd Hnoirtgcdr. Cisci ueg vnsnûe `itdcdhûbnkg hg nevistnbgknûe si sdpdrtû ie ue prdyiktd fgktnohi, gpdygcd ie ue istucnd ci kg`pd, ogjd ue envih ciskrnptnvd y ue cnsi÷d ed ixpir ixpirn` n`iet ietgh gh.. Fn Fneg eghn hnzg zgcg cg hg ne nevi vist stnb nbgk gknû nûee ih gutdr gutdr ci hg `n `ns` s`gg citir citir`n `ned ed hg neixnstiekng ci phgeis ci privieknûe qui kdecuzkg g hg prdtikknûe ci hds riknetds icukgtnvds ci hds gtgquis ci hds cihnekuietis.   [i ivnciekng hg vnekuhgknûe ci isti istucnd kde hg nevistnbgknûe qui si cisgrrdhhg pdr kugetd ie g`ods kgsds si drnietg g hg privieknûe ci cihntds ie hgs uenc uencgc gcis is icu icukg kgtn tnvg vgss pr prnv nvgc gcgs gs y púohn púohnkgs kgs,, iv ivnc ncie iekn knçe çecds cdsii hg fghtg fghtg ci ph phgei geiss ci  privieknûe pgrg ih risbugrcd ci isgs nestntukndeis y cistgkgecd hg eikisncgc cih cnsi÷d ci prdbrg`gs y istrgtibngs qui pir`ntge ue trgogjd ie kdejuetd privietnvd y ci risbugrcd ci hgs nestghgkn nestghgkndeis deis icukgtnvgs yg qui riprisie riprisietg tg ue brge gtrgktnvd gtrgktnvd pgrg hds cihnekuietis pdr iekdetrgrsi hgs `ns`g sne pirsdegh ci siburncgc.

FYECG@IESGKNÛE SIÛ_NKG ^ HIBGH Fuecg`ietgknûe Siûrnkg Hg ]dhnkàg Bgoghcûe, Onrloikl y Oittndh, (7>>=). ‘Hg pdhnkàg is ueg nestntuknûe ci kgrçktir  istgtgh, cdtgcg ci pdcir kdgktnvd ne`icngtd, iekgrbgcg ci necnvncughnzgr, citiktgr, `geijgr y/d suprn`nr kdecuktgs privnstgs ie hg hiy kd`d suskiptnohis ci sgeknûe‐ (p. ;1). Ih euivd pgrgcnb`g ci hg pdhnkàg kdesnsti ie prd`dvir ue kd`pdrtg`nietd  prdgktnvd, hd qui snbenfnkg qui hg pdhnkàg cifnei pdr sà `ns`g sntugkndeis ci

 

netirvieknûe y si gktnvg pgrg `geijgrhgs ci cnvirsgs `geirgs. Ie istds kgsds, hg  pdhnkàg ed ispirg isp irg qui hds knucgcgeds cieueknie, rikhg`ie d sdhnkntie su netirvieknûe, sned qui hg gktnvncgc pdhnkngh si getnknpg gh riquirn`nietd cih púohnkd, kd`d `geirg ci ijirkir ueg gkknûe privietnvg ci hg cihnekuiekng. Hg pdhnkàg drnietgcg g hg sdhuknûe ci prdohi`gs ie hg kd`uencgc, is ue sirvnknd  púohnkd y gh ci tdcds hds knucgcgeds y kgcg ued ci hds agontgetis ci ue pgàs, sne cnstneknûe ci enebueg ispikni, prdkurgecd sni`pri prdpubegr `icncgs pgrg `getieir  ih khn`g ci edr`ghncgc y trgequnhncgc qui hg knucgcgeàg riquniri, pgrg su edr`gh fuekndeg`nietd.

Hg Kd`uencgc Yeg kd`uencgc is ue brupd d kdejuetd ci necnvncuds, siris au`geds, qui kd`pgrtie kd`pgrt ie ihi`i ihi`ietds etds ie kd`úe, tghis kd`d< ue ncnd`g, ncnd`g, kdstu`oris, kdstu`oris, vghdris, tgrigs, vnsnûe cih `uecd, icgc, uonkgknûe bidbrçfnkg (ue ogrrnd pdr iji`phd), istgtus sdkngh, rdhis. ]dr hd bieirgh, ie ueg kd`uencgc si krig ueg ncietncgc kd`úe, `icngeti hg cnfiriekngkn cnfirie kngknûe ûe ci dtrds brupds d kd`uencgcis kd`uencgcis (bieirgh`ieti (bieirgh`ieti pdr snbeds d gkkndeis), gkkndeis), qui qui is kd kd`p `pgr grtn tncg cg y ih ihgo godrg drgcg cg ie ietr trii sus ne neti tibrg brget etis, is, y tg tg`o `onî nîee sd sdkn kngh ghnz nzgc gcg. g. Bieirgh`ieti, ueg kd`uencgc si uei ogjd hg eikisncgc d `itg ci ue dojitnvd kd`úe, kd`d puici sir ih onie kd`úe< sn onie istd ed is ghbd eikisgrnd, ogstg ueg ncietncgc kd`úe pgrg kdefdr`gr ueg kd`uencgc, sne hg eikisncgc ci ue dojitnvd ispikàfnkd. Ie tîr`neds ci gc`nenstrgknûe d ci cnvnsnûe tirrntdrngh, ueg kd`uencgc puici kdesncirgrsi ueg ietncgc snebuhgr ci pdohgknûe, ueg `gekd`uencgc, ue suourond, itk. Ie tîr` tîr`ne neds ds ci tr trgo gogj gjd, d, ue uegg kd kd`u `uen encg cgcc is ue uegg i`pr i`pris isg. g. Hg pg pgrt rtnk nknp npgk gknû nûee y kddpirgknûe ci sus `ni`ords pdsnonhntge hg ihikknûe kdesknieti ci prdyiktds ci trgesfdr`gknûe cnrnbncds g hg sdhuknûe brgcugh y prdbrisnvg ci hgs kdetrgcnkkndeis  pdtiekngcdrgs ci su gutdcisgrrdhhd. [i agohg ci ‘pdhnkàg y kd`uencgc‐,  pgrtnkuhgr`ieti ie hgs brgecis knucgcis, kd`d ueg fdr`g ci gkdphgr ih trgogjd  pdhnkngh g hd qui hg bieti cisig, y ci ihn`negr tiesndeis ietri hds knucgcgeds y hg  pdhnkàg, nekhuyiecd hg vndhiekng, hds prijunknds, ih cnstgekng`nietd y ih `geijd  purg`ieti hibghnstg ci hds prdohi`gs.

 

[i ouskg, ietdekis, ue `dcihd qui pir`ntg gkirkgr hds vikneds g hg pdhnkàg, y qui îstg gktúi `çs ie snetdeàg kde hgs eikisncgcis ci hg bieti qui kde hgs pgutgs netiregs y ourdkrçtnkgs ci fuekndeg`nietd. Kdee ih cis Kd cisgrr grrdh dhhd hd ci hg hgss brg brgeci eciss kn knuc ucgci gcis, s, ih citirn citirndrd drd ci hg hgss ri rihg hgkn knde deis is neti netirpi rpirsd rsdeg eghi his, s, hg prd prdpg pgbgk bgknû nûee ci hg ci cihn hnek ekui uiekn ekngg kg kghh hhij ijirg irg y ih ci cisdr sdrcie cie ie citir`negcgs zdegs, si agki `uy prisieti hg eikisncgc ci qui hds prdpnds vikneds kdhgodrie ristgohikniecd isi drcie, y qui prdkurie g hg pdhnkàg pgrg hgs sntugkndeis `çs brgvis, risdhvniecd pdr su kuietg hds aikads `iedris. Ih cn cnhi hi`g `g fuecg fuecg`i `iet etgh gh ci hg cied` cied`ne negcg gcg rihgk rihgknû nûee ie ietr trii hg pd pdhn hnkà kàgg y hg kd`uencgc, is ue oghgeki ietri ih `getien`nietd cih drcie y ih `getien`nietd ci hg hibghncgc. @gydr drcie ed snbenfnkg, eikisgrng`ieti, `gydr hibghncgc, sn hds vikneds y hg pdhnkàg cifneie kd`d necisigohis kdecuktgs ed tnpnfnkgcgs pdr hg hiy. ]dr ]dr dt dtrd rd hg hgcd, cd, gp gpib ibdd istrn istrnkt ktdd g hg hi hibg bghn hncg cgcc ed n` n`ph phnk nkg, g, eikis eikisgrn grng` g`iet ieti, i, sgtnsfgkknûe sgtnsf gkknûe knucgcgeg, knucgcgeg, sn ihhd prdcuki n`pirsdeghncgc n`pirsdeghncgc,, getgbdens`d getgbdens`d y hietntuc hietntuc ie ih kdetrdh ci hd necisigohi.

Nestntutd Gutûed`d Kdesijd Egkndegh ci Cirikads cih En÷d, En÷g y Gcdhiskietis (NCIEG) Is ih ieti riktdr ie `gtirng ci prdtikknûe g en÷ds, en÷gs y gcdhiskietis, drbgens`d gcskrntd gh @nenstirnd cih ]dcir ]dpuhgr pgrg hgs Kd`uegs y ]rdtikknûe [dkngh. Sniei su drnbie g pgrtnr ci hg _ifdr`g g hg Hiy Drbçenkg ci ]rdtikknûe g En÷ds,  En÷gs y Gcdhiskieti, ih 7= ci Cnkni`ori ci ?==2, pdr vàg agonhntgeti, is ue ieti ijikutdr ci pdhàtnkgs. G pgrtnr ci istg rifdr`g si suprn`ie y hnquncge hds Kdesijds Istgcghis ci Cirikads y si nenkng hg Krigknûe cih Nestntutd Gutûed`d kde sus ?3 Cnrikkndeis istgcghis, ie ih ispàrntu ci kietrghnzgr hg pdhàtnkg ci prdtikknûe g en÷ds, en÷gs y gcdhiskietis. [u dojit dojitnv nvdd is ci ci`d `dkrg krgtn tnzgr zgr ih sn snst sti` i`gg ci prdti prdtikk kknû nûee g en en÷d ÷ds, s, en en÷gs ÷gs y gcdhiskietis, prd`dvniecd y fgknhntgecd hg nekdrpdrgknûe cih ]dcir ]dpuhgr, g fne ci

 

grtnkuhgr hgs cnfirietis pdhàtnkgs ci nekhusnûe sdkngh cih Bdonired _ivdhukndegrnd, pgrg bgrge bg rgetn tnzg zgrr ih fdr fdrtg tghi hikn kn`n `nie ietd td fg fg`n `nhn hngr gr y ag agkir kir pdsno pdsnohi hi qui td tdcd cd en en÷d, ÷d, en en÷g ÷g y gcdhiskieti si cisgrrdhhi phieg`ieti ie ih sied ci ueg fg`nhng.

Kdesijd Icukgtnvd Hdss Kd Hd Kdes esij ijds ds Ic Icukg ukgtn tnvds vds sde hg hgss gs gsdkn dkngk gknd ndei eiss krigc krigcgs gs pg pgrg rg drbge drbgenz nzgr gr ih fuekndeg`nietd ci hg kd`uencgc icukgtnvg, ci gkuircd kde hg Hiy Drbçenkg ci Icuk Ic ukgk gknû nûee y hg _isdh _isdhuk uknû nûee Eº =9 =911 ci cihh @nen @nenst stir irnd nd ci cihh ]dcir ]dcir ]d ]dpu puhg hgrr pgrg pgrg hg Icukgknûe. Ih Kdesijd Icukgtnvd is, ci isg `geirg, hg nestgekng ci pgrtnknpgknûe knucgcgeg ie tdcd kietrd cih suosnsti`g ci icukgknûe oçsnkg, netibrgcd pdr hds envihis ci icukgknûe nenkngh, icukgknûe prn`grng y icukgknûe `icng. Ih Kdesijd Icukgtnvd istç kdefdr`gcd pdr pgcris, `gcris, riprisietgetis, rispdesgohi rispdesg ohis, s, ist istucn ucnget getis, is, cdki cdkieti etis, s, trg trgogj ogjgcdr gcdrgs gs y trg trgogj ogjgcd gcdris ris gc`nen gc`nenstr strgtn gtnvds, vds, dorirds y dorirgs ci hgs nestntukndeis icukgtnvgs, cisci hg icukgknûe nenkngh agstg hg icukgknûe `icng bieirgh, `icng tîkenkg y tdcgs hgs `dcghncgcis cih suosnsti`g ci icukgkn icu kgknûe ûe oçsn oçsnkg. kg. Sg`onî Sg`onîee pdcr pdcrçe çe fdr` fdr`gr gr pgrt pgrtii ci hg kd`uen kd`uencgc cgc icu icukgt kgtnvg nvg hgs  pirsdegs egturghis y juràcnkgs, vdkirds y vdkirgs ci hgs cnfirietis drbgenzgkndeis kd`uentgrngs vnekuhgcgs kde hgs nestntukndeis icukgtnvgs. ]rdpûsntd: ]rdpûsn td: Kde ih supri`d kd`prd kd`prd`nsd `nsd sustietgc sustietgcdd ie vghdris vghdris îtnkds, îtnkds, `drghis, `drghis, au`geàstnkds, y kuhturghis, hg prisieti _isdhuknûe tniei kd`d prdpûsntd ci`dkrgtnzgr  hg bistnûe iskdhgr, kde ogsi ie ih `dcihd sdkndpdhàtnkd ci hg ci`dkrgkng pgrtnknpgtnvg y prdtgbûenkg istgohikncg ie euistrg Kdestntuknûe ci hg _ipúohnkg Odhnvgrngeg ci Vieizuihg (7>>>). Ihhd Ihhd sn snben benfn fnkg kg,, qu quii hd hdss gktd gktdris ris kh khgvi gviss y dt dtrds rds kd kdrri rrispd spdesg esghi hiss ci cihh pr prdk dkisd isd icukg icukgkn knde degh gh pg pgrt rtnk nknp npge ge gk gktn tnvg vg`i `iet etii ie hd hdss gs gsuet uetds ds ci ne neti tirîs rîs ci citir` citir`ne negcg gcg kd`u kd`uen encg cgcc ic icukg ukgtn tnvg, vg, `i `icn cnget getii hg drbge drbgenz nzgkn gknûe ûe ci kd kdhi hikt ktnv nvds ds ci istucn istucnge geti tis, s, cdkietis, pgcris, `gcris y riprisietgetis, cnriktnvds, qunieis tiecrçe su vdkiràg ie ih Kdesijd Icukgtnvd, pgrtnknpgecd cnriktg`ieti ie hg bistnûe iskdhgr y, pdr ieci, ie hg td`g ci ciknsndeis< gsà kd`d istgohikir hds eikisgrnds vgsds kd`uenkgetis ietri hg

 

iskuihg d ih hnkid y hg hdkghncgc cdeci ihhg si iekuietrg nesirtg, prdpnkngecd ci istg `geirg ueg fdr`gknûe pgrg ih ijirknknd phied ci hg euivg knucgcgeàg. Istg Istg pr prdp dpui uist stgg is ih risu risuht htgc gcdd ci ue pr prdk dkis isdd ci sn snst sti` i`gt gtnz nzgk gknû nûee ci hd  prisietgcd y cnskutncd ie hgs `isgs ci trgogjd righnzgcgs g envih `uenknpgh, ribndegh y egkndegh.

OG[I HIBGH Hg ogsi hibgh ie hg prisieti nevistnbgknûe istç kdefdr`gcg pdr ih kdejuetd ci edr`gs juràcnkgs vnekuhgcgs g hds drcieg`nietds ci kgrçktir hibgh qui sustietge ih istucnd, cietrd ci hgs hiyis y edr`gtnvgs utnhnzgcgs si iekuietrge hgs snbunietis:

KDE[SNSYKNÛE CI HG _I]ÚOHNKG ODHNVG_NGEG CI VIEIZYIHG BGKISG DFNKNGH CI HG _I]ÚOHNKG CI VIEIZYIHG Eº ;6.16=, 7>>> Hg Kdestntuknûe ci hg _ipúohnkg Odhnvgrngeg ci Vieizuihg (K_OV), kd`d fdrjgcdrg ci ueg pgtrng hnori y sdoirgeg, bgrgetnzg ih cirikad gh istgohikn`nietd ci ue Istgcd ci justnkng, cioiris y bgrgetàgs necnvnsnohis pgrg tdcds hds siris au`geds.

Grtàkuhd 99: Sdcg pirsdeg tniei cirikad g hg prdtikknûe pdr pgrti cih Istgcd, g trgvîs ci hds ûrbgeds ci siburncgc knucgcgeg ribuhgcds pdr hiy frieti g sntugkndeis qui kdestntuyge g`iegzg, vuheirgonhncgc d rnisbd pgrg hg netibrncgc fàsnkg ci hgs  pirsdegs, sus prdpnicgcis, ih cnsfruti ci sus cirikads y ih ku`phn`nietd ci sus cioiris. Hg pgrtnknpgknûe ci hds knucgcgeds y knucgcgegs ie hds prdbrg`gs cistnegcds g hg privieknûe, siburncgc knucgcgeg y gc`nenstrgknûe ci i`irbiekngs sirç ribuhgcg  pdr ueg hiy ispikngh. Hds kuirpds ci siburncgc siburncgc cih Ist Istgcd gcd rispitgrçe rispitgrçe hg cnbencgc cnbencgc y hds cirikads au`geds ci tdcgs hgs pirsdegs. Ih usd ci gr`gs d sustgekngs tûxnkgs pdr pgrti cih

 

fuekndegrngcd pdhnkngh y ci siburncgc istgrç hn`ntgcd pdr prneknpnds ci eikisncgc, kdevieniekng, dpdrtuencgc y prdpdrkndeghncgc, kdefdr`i g hg hiy. Isti grtnkuhgcd istgohiki hg prdtikknûe pdr pgrti cih Istgcd g trgvîs ci hds ûrbg ûrbged edss ci sibu siburn rncg cgcc kn knuc ucgc gcge gegg ih cn cnsf sfru ruti ti ci hd hdss ci ciri rika kads ds y bg bgrg rget etàg àg ci cihh ku`phn`nietd ci hds cioiris, ie`grkgecd kd`d prndrncgc ih rispitd g hg cnbencgc y hds cirikads au`geds.

Grtàkuhd ;?;  ci hg `ns`g hiy istgohiki hg drbgenzgknûe ci hds ûrbgeds ci siburncgc knucgcgeg, kd`d `icnd pgrg bgrgetnzgr hg prdtikknûe ci hds knucgcgeds y sus adbgris ie ih cnsfruti ci hds cirikads fuecg`ietghis, nekdrpdrg hg krigknûe ci nestntukndeis i nestru`ietds hibghis qui pir`ntge godrcgr netibrgh y ifnkgz`ieti hg  prdohi`çtnkg ci hg nesiburncgc knucgcgeg.

Grtàkuhd Grtàku hd ;;?. Ih Ijikutnvd Egkndegh, pgrg `getieir y ristgohikir ih drcie púohnkd,  prdtibir gh knucgcged d knucgcgeg, adbgris y fg`nhngs, gpdygr hgs ciknsndeis ci hgs gutdrncgcis kd`pitietis y gsiburgr ih pgkàfnkd cnsfruti ci hgs bgrgetàgs y cirikads kdestntukndeghis, ci kdefdr`ncgc kde hg hiy, drbgenzgrç: - -Ye kuirpd uenfdr`gcd ci pdhnkàg egkndegh. - -Ye kuirpd ci nevistnbgkndeis knietàfnkgs, pieghis y krn`neghàstnkgs. - -Ye kuirpd ci od`oirds y od`oirgs y gc`nenstrgknûe ci i`irbiekngs ci

kgrçktir knvnh. - -Yeg drbgenzgknûe ci prdtikknûe knvnh y gc`nenstrgknûe ci cisgstris. - -Hds ûrbgeds ci siburncgc knucgcgeg sde ci kgrçktir knvnh y rispitgrçe hg

cnbencgc y hds cirikads au`geds, sne cnskrn`negknûe ghbueg. -Hg fueknûe ci hds ûrbgeds ci siburncgc knucgcgeg kdestntuyi ueg kd`pitiekng kdekurrieti kde hds Istgcds y @uenknpnds ie hds tîr`neds istgohikncds ie istg Kdestntuknûe y hg hiy.‐ 

 

HI^ D_BÇENKG CI ]_DSIKKNÛE CIH EN×D, EN×G ^ GCDHI[KIESI. BGKISG DFNKNGH CI HG _I]ÚOHNKG CI VIEIZYIHG E½ ;1.>=7, ?==2

Grtàkuhd 97. Ih Istgcd, kde hg gktnvg pgrtnknpgknûe ci hg sdknicgc, cioi bgrgetnzgr pdhàtnkgs y prdbrg`gs ci privieknûe kdetrg ih usd nhàkntd ci sustgekngs ghkdaûhnkgs, istupifgknietis y ]snkdtrûpnkgs. Gsn`ns`d, cioi gsiburgr prdbrg`gs  pir`geietis ci gtieknûe ispikngh pgrg hg rikupirgknûe ci hds en÷ds y gcdhiskietis cipiecnieti y kdesu`ncdris ci istgs sustgekngs. Is rispdesgonhncgc cih Istgcd gsà kd`d ci hg sdknicgc cnrnbnr prdbrg`gs ci  privieknûe kdetrg hgs sustgekngs psnkdtrûpnkgs, istupifgknietis y ghkdaûhnkgs qui  pirjucnkge ih onieistgr ci hds en÷ds, en÷gs y gcdhiskietis, gci`çs ci istgohikir y ijikutgr prdbrg`gs ci gsnstiekng ci riagonhntgknûe g hds en÷ds y gcdhiskietis qui istî  pgsgecd pdr istg prdohi`çtnkg.

Grtàkuhd 99. Sdcds hds en÷ds, en÷gs y gcdhiskietis tnieie ih cirikad g sir  nefdr`gcds i nefdr`gcgs y g pgrtnknpgr gktnvg`ieti ie su prdkisd icukgtnvd. Ih `ns`d cirikad tnieie ih pgcri, hg `gcri, riprisietgetis d rispdesgohis ie rihgknûe gh  prdkisd icukgtnvd ci hds en÷ds, en÷gs y gcdhiskietis qui si iekuietrie ogjd su ]gtrng ]dtistgc, riprisietgknûe d rispdesgonhncgc. Ih Istgcd cioi prd`dvir ih ijirknknd ci isti cirikad, ietri dtrgs fdr`gs,  ornecgecd nefdr`gknûe y fdr`gknûe gprdpngcg sdori hg `gtirng g hds en÷ds, en÷gs y gcdhiskietis, gsà kd`d g su pgcri, `gcri, riprisietgetis d rispdesgohis.

Grtàkuhd >=. Sdcds hds y hgs gcdhiski gcdhiskietis etis qui, pdr sus gktds, sige sd`itn sd`itncds cds d sd`itncgs gh [nsti`g ]iegh ci _ispdesgonhncgc ci Gcdhiskietis, tnieie cirikad g hgs `ns`gs `ns `gs bgr bgrget getàgs àgs sustge sustgetn tnvgs, vgs, prdk prdkisgh isghis is y ci iji ijikukn kuknûe ûe ci hg sgeknûe sgeknûe,, qui hgs  pirsdegs `gydris ci cnikndkad g÷ds, gci`çs ci gquîhhgs qui his kdrr kdrrispdecge ispdecge pdr su kdecnknûe ispikàfnkg ci gcdhiskietis.

Grtàkuhd >?  Istç prdanoncd prdanoncd viecir d fgknh fgknhntgr, ntgr, ci kughqunir fdr`g, g hds en÷ds, en÷gs y gcdhiskietis:

 

g) Sgogkd.  o) [ustgekngs istupifgknietis y psnkdtrûpnkgs, nekhuncds hds neaghgetis. k) [ustgekngs ghkdaûhnkgs. c) Gr`gs, `uenkndeis y ixphdsnvds. i) Fuibds grtnfnknghis y sn`nhgris. f) Nefdr`gkndeis d n`çbieis negprdpngcgs pgrg su icgc.

HI^ D_BÇENKG CI ICYKGKNÛE. BGKISG DFNKNGH CI HG _I]ÚOHNKG ODHNVG_NGEG CI VIEIZYIHG Eº 9.>?>, ?==> Grtàkuh Grtà kuhdd 73: Hg ic icuk ukgk gknnûe is ue ci ciri rika kadd au au`g `ged ed y ue ci cioi oirr sd sdkn kngh gh fuecg`i fuec g`ietg etghh kdekion kdekioncg cg kd` kd`dd ue prdk prdkisd isd ci fdr`gkn fdr`gknûe ûe netibr netibrgh, gh, brgtunt brgtuntg, g, hgn hgnkg, kg, nekhusnvg y ci kghncgc, pir`geieti, kdetneug i netirgktnvg, prd`uivi hg kdestrukknûe sdkngh cih kdedkn`nietd, hg vghdrgknûe îtnkg y sdkngh cih trgogjd, y hg netibrghncgc y  prii`neiekng ci hds cirikads au`geds, hg fdr`gknûe ci euivds ripuohnkgeds y ripuohnkgegs pgrg hg pgrtnknpgknûe gktnvg, kdesknieti y sdhncgrng ie hds prdkisds ci trgesfdr`gknûe necnvncugh y sdkngh, kdesustgekngcg kde hds vghdris ci hg ncietncgc egkndegh, kde ueg vnsnûe hgtnedg`irnkgeg, kgrnoi÷g, necàbieg, gfrd ciskiecnieti y uenvirsgh. Hg icukgknûe ribuhgcg pdr istg Hiy si fuecg`ietg ie hg cdktrneg ci euist euistrd rd Hn Hnoi oirt rtgc gcdr dr [n [n`û `ûee Odh Odhàv àvgr, gr, ie hg cdk cdktr trne negg ci [n [n`û `ûee _d _dcrà cràbu buiz, iz, ie ih au`gens`d sdkngh y istç gonirtg g tdcgs hgs kdrrnietis cih piesg`nietd. Hg cncçktnkg istç kietrgcg ie hds prdkisds qui tnieie kd`d iji hg nevistnbgknûe, hg krigtnvncgc y hg needvgknûe, hd kugh pir`nti gcikugr hgs istrgtibngs, hds rikursds y hg drbgenzgknûe cih guhg, g pgrtnr ci hg cnvirsncgc ci netirisis y eikisncgcis ci hds y hgs istucngetis. G trgvîs ci hg icukgknûe, ih cdkieti needvgcdr cioi prdpnkngr istrgtibngs pgrg hg fdr`gknûe cih ouie knucgcged, qui gktúi ci fdr`g kdrriktg ie hg sdknicgc, kde kgrçktir au`genstg, sietncd ci pirtieiekng g hg sdknicgc y gh kdetixtd cdeci si cisievuihvi, cisievui hvi, g risdhvir risdhvir kdefhn kdefhnktds, ktds, sir kràtn kràtnkd, kd, geghàtnkd y rifhixnvd rifhixnvd ci hds prdohi`gs ci su kd`uencgc y cih pgàs, pgrg su netirvieknûe ie hg sdhuknûe ci hds `ns`ds.

 

HI^ ]HGE CI HG ]GS_NG ?=7;-?=7>. BGKISG DFNKNGH CI HG _I]ÚOHNKG ODHNVG_NGEG CI VIEIZYIHG Eº 6.771

Brge Dojitnvd Anstûrnkd E½ ?: NN. Kdet Kdetne neug ugrr kdest kdestruy ruyie iecd cd ih sdkng sdknghn hns` s`dd odhnv odhnvgrn grnged ged cih sn snbh bhdd QQN, QQN, ie Vieizuihg, kd`d ghtiregtnvg gh snsti`g cistruktnvd y sghvgji cih kgpntghns`d y kde ihhd gsiburgr ‘hg `gydr su`g ci fihnkncgc pdsnohi, hg `gydr su`g ci siburncgc sdkngh y hg `gydr su`g ci istgonhncgc pdhàtnkg‐ pgrg euistrd puiohd.

Dojitnvd Egkndegh ?.7.  ]rd ]rdpuh puhsgr sgr hg tr trges gesfdr fdr`g `gkn knûe ûe ci cihh sn snst sti` i`gg ik ikdeû deû`n `nkd kd,, ie fue fuekn knûe ûe ci hg trgesnknûe gh sdknghns`d odhnvgrnged, trgskiecniecd ih `dcihd rietnstg pitrdhird kgpntghnst kgpnt ghnstgg agkng ih `dcih `dcihdd ikdeû`nkd ikdeû`nkd prdcuktnvd prdcuktnvd sdknghnstg, sdknghnstg, ogsgcd ie ih cisgrrdhhd cisgrrdhhd ci hgs fuirzgs prdcuktnvgs.

Dojitnvds Istrgtîbnkds y Bieirghis ?.7.7.7. Cnsi÷gr istrgtibngs qui pir`ntge bgrgetnzgr hg pgrtnknpgknûe cih puiohd, gu`ietgecd su envih ci kdekniekng pgrg gfrdetgr kughqunir iskiegrnd qui si drnbnei kd`d kdesikuiekng ci hg buirrg ikdeû`nkg.

?.7.7.;. Ci`dkrgtnzgr hds `icnds ci prdcukknûe, n`puhsgecd euivgs fdr`gs ci  prdpnicgc, kdhdkçecdhgs gh sirvnknd ci hg sdknicgc.

?.7.3.3. ]rd`d ]rd`dvir vir ih cisgrr cisgrrdh dhhd hd ci ne nest stge gekn kngs gs ci kd kddrc drcne negk gknû nûee ie ietr trii hd hdss Kdesijds Kd`ueghis y Kdesijds ci Srgogjgcdris y Srgogjgcdrgs.

?.7.6. Kdefdr`gr hg nestntukndeghncgc cih `dcihd ci bistnûe sdknghnstg ?.7.;. Bgrgetnzgr hg fdr`gknûe kdhiktnvg ie hds kietrds ci trgogjd, fgvdrikniecd hg nekdrpdrgknûe gh trgogjd prdcuktnvd, sdhncgrnd y hnoirgcdr.

 

?.?.7.9. ]rd`dvir hg gr`denzgknûe ci hg vncg fg`nhngr y hgodrgh. ?.?.6.3. Kdetrno Kdetrnounr unr g hg prçktn prçktnkg kg snsti` snsti`çtn çtnkg, kg, `gsnvg `gsnvg y cnvirsn cnvirsnfnk fnkgcg gcg ci hg gktnvncgc fàsnkg ie hgs kd`uencgcis y ispgknds púohnkds.

?.?.6.9. Fdrtghikir ih cipdrti ci ghtd riecn`nietd, kde gpdyd netibrgh gh gthitg y aîrdis cih cipdrti, cisgrrdhhd ci hg `icnkneg y hgs kniekngs gphnkgcgs gh cipdrti ci ghtd riecn`nietd, cisgrrdhhd ci kietrds ci ghtd riecn`nietd y ci hg iskuihg egkndegh ci tghietds cipdrtnvds.

?.?.2.  Fdrt Fdrtgh ghik ikir ir ih pr prdt dtgb gbde denns` s`dd ci hg juv uvie iettuc ie ih ci cisg sgrr rrdh dhhhd y kdesdhncgknûe ci hg _ivdhuknûe Odhnvgrngeg.

?.9.3.?. ]rd`dvir hg justnkng ci pgz kd`uegh kd`d airrg`nietg ifnkgz pgrg rispghcgr rispghc gr hg kdevnviekn kdevnviekngg pgkàfnkg y fgvdriki fgvdrikirr hg prçktnkg ci hg sdhncgrncgc sdhncgrncgc y ih g`dr  ietri hds vieizdhgeds y hgs vieizdhgegs.

?.9.3.;. @ijdrgr hg nefrgistrukturg ixnstieti y kdestrunr euivds ispgknds fàsnkds pgrg gu`ietgr ih eú`ird ci Srnoueghis y Fnskghàgs g envih Egkndegh. ?.9.3.9. Cisgrrdhhgr ueg kuhturg ci rispdesgonhncgc ie hg gc`nenstrgknûe ci  justnkng, n`puhsgecd hgs pdhàtnkgs ci fdr`gknûe y kgpgkntgknûe ci juikis, juizgs y fnskghis púohnkds, ie fueknûe cih cirikad g vnvnr onie.

?.9.3.6. ]rd`dvir hg grtnkuhgknûe i netibrgknûe kdairieti ci hds nestru`ietds  juràcnkds ixnstietis, qui fgvdrizkg hg ifnkniekng y ifnkgkng ie hg gphnkgknûe ci hg  justnkng.

?.9.9. Cisphibgr ie sdori `grkag hg Brge @nsnûe ¡G Sdcg Vncg! Vieizuihg kdeki kdekion oncg cg kd kd`d `d ueg pd pdhà hàtn tnkg kg ne neti tibr brgh gh ci sib sibur urnc ncgc gc kn knucg ucgcg cgeg eg,, kd kdee ih fn fnee ci trge trgesfd sfdr` r`gr gr hd hdss fg fgkt ktdr dris is ci kg kgrçk rçkti tirr ist istruk ruktu turgh rgh,, sn sntu tugk gknd ndeg eghh i ne nest stnt ntuk uknd ndegh egh,, bieirgcdris ci hg vndhiekng y ih cihntd, pgrg ricuknrhds, gu`ietgecd hg kdevnviekng sdhncg sdh ncgrng rng y ih cnsfr cnsfruti uti cih puioh puiohdd gh hnori hnori y siburd siburd ijirknkn ijirknkndd ci sus gktnvn gktnvncgc cgcis is fg`nhn fg` nhngri gris, s, kd` kd`uegh ueghis, is, sdkn sdknghi ghis, s, fdr`gtn fdr`gtnvgs, vgs, hgodrg hgodrghis his,, snecnk snecnkghi ghis, s, ikdeû` ikdeû`nkg nkgs, s, kuhturghis y rikrigkndeghis.

?.9.9.7. Ixpgecnr y kdesdhncgr hg privieknûe netibrgh y kdevnviekng kd`uegh, ie kdrrispdesgonhncgc kde ih Istgcd, g trgvîs cih ci ogsi< ci hg ijikuknûe cih phge ci trgo trgogj gjdd pg pgrg rg hd hdbr brgr gr ih kd kdet etrdh rdh ci gr gr`g `gs, s, `u `uen enkn knde deis is y ci cisg sgr` r`i< i< gsà kd kd`d `d hg

 

netiesnfnkgknûe cih prdbrg`g ci fdrtghikn`nietd ci hg nevistnbgknûe, gpriaiesnûe y  prdkisg`nietd ci pirsdegs rispdesgohis ris pdesgohis ci cihntds.

?.9.9.?. Kdesdhncgr ih @dvn`nietd ]dr hg ]gz y hg Vncg pgrg hg kdestrukknûe ci ueg kuhturg ci pgz, `icngeti prdpuistgs y gkkndeis g fgvdr ci ueg kdevnviekng  pgkàfnkg, siburg, sdhncgrng y hnoirtgrng, g trgvîs cih fdrtghikn`nietd f drtghikn`nietd ci hg drbgenzgknûe drb genzgknûe y hg `dvnhnzgknûe pdpuhgr ie gpdyd g hg Brge @nsnûe G Sdcg Vncg Vieizuihg.

?.9.9.3. Fdrtghikir hds ûrbgeds ci siburncgc púohnkg y knucgcgeg ie @gtirng ci kdetrdh y privieknûe cih cihntd, `icngeti hg cdtgknûe ci iqunpg`nietd necnvncugh i nestntukndegh g hds kuirpds ci pdhnkàg y hg tikenfnkgknûe kd`uenkgkndegh pgrg ueg rispuistg rçpncg y ifiktnvg. HG G[G@OHIG EGKNDEGH CI HG _I]ÚOHNKG ODHNVG_NGEG CI VIEIZYIHG Cikritg Hg snbunieti, HI^ D_BÇENKG CI HD[ KDE[IJD[ KD@YEGHI[ Kgpàtuhd N Cnspdsnkndeis bieirghis Dojitd Grtàkuhd 7. Hg prisieti Hiy tniei pdr dojitd ribuhgr hg kdestntuknûe, kdefdr`gknûe, drbgenzgknûe y fuekndeg`nietd fuekndeg`nietd ci hds kdesij kdesijds ds kd`uegh kd`ueghis is kd`d ueg nestgekng nestgekng ci pgrtnknpgknûe pgrtnknpgknûe  pgrg ih ijirknknd cnriktd ci hg sdoirgeàg pdpuhgr y su rihgknûe kde hds ûrbgeds y ietis cih ]dcir ]úohnkd pgrg hg fdr`uhgknûe, ijikuknûe, kdetrdh y ivghugknûe ci hgs pdhàtnkgs  púohnkgs, gsà kd`d hds phgeis y prdyiktds vnekuhgcds gh cisgrrdhhd kd`uentgrnd. Kdesijds kd`ueghis Grtàkuhd ?. Hds kdesijds kd`ueghis, ie ih `grkd kdestntukndegh ci hg ci`dkrgkng pgrtnknpgtnvg y  prdtgbûenkg, sde nestgekngs ci pgrtnknpgknûe, grtnkuhgknûe i netibrgknûe ietri hds knucgcgeds, knucgc geds, knucgc knucgcgegs gegs y hgs cnvirsgs drbgenz drbgenzgkndei gkndeiss kd`uentgrngs, kd`uentgrngs, `dvn`niet `dvn`nietds ds sdkng sdk nghi hiss y pdp pdpuh uhgri gris, s, qu quii pi pir` r`nt ntie ie gh pui puioh ohdd drb drbge genz nzgc gcdd ij ijir irki kirr ih bd bdon onir ired ed kd`uentgrnd y hg bistnûe cnriktg ci hgs pdhàtnkgs púohnkgs y prdyiktds drnietgcds g

 

rispdecir g hgs eikisncgcis, pdtieknghncgcis y gspnrgkndeis ci hgs kd`uencgcis, ie hg kdestrukknûe cih euivd `dcihd ci sdknicgc sdknghnstg ci nbughcgc, iquncgc y justnkng sdkngh.

 

KG]ÀSYHD NNN @G_KD @ISDCDHÛBNKD

Ih `grkd `itdcdhûbnkd istç rifirncd gh `d`ietd qui ghuci ih prdkisd ci nevist nev istnbg nbgknû knûe, e, kde ih doj dojitd itd ci pdeirh pdeirhds ds ci `g `genf enfnis nistd td y snsti` snsti`gtn gtnzgr zgrhds hds (?==>), ), @ @gtrnz gtrnz Ipnst Ipnstî`nk î`nkg, g, is hg ffuiet uietii ci ci drnbie drnbie ci ci ueg ueg kds`dvns kds`dvnsnûe, nûe,

ncidhdbàg, pgrgcnb`g, `îtdcd, tîkenkg d istrgtibng gcikugcg pgrg nevistnbgr hg egturghizg ci ueg righncgc egturgh d sdkngh, ietdekis hg `gtrnz ipnstî`nkg is ih drnbie y gphnkgknûe cih kdedkn`nietd, ih qui `ns`d cg sdpdrti, fnr`izg, sdhnciz g euistrgs `genfistgkndeis prçktnkgs ci rgzdegr, drbgenzgr, trgcuknr, krigr y sietnr ci gkui gkuirc rcdd d ed g hgs hgs kdec kdecnk nknd ndei eiss anst anstûr ûrnk nkgs gs pg pgrg rg kd kd`p `pri riec ecir ir,, ne neti tirp rpri ritg tgr, r, snsti`gtnzgr i nevistnbgr. Ie tdcd tdcd pr prdk dkis isdd ci nevi nevist stnb nbgk gknû nûe, e, si td td`g `gee cg cgtd tdss ci cihh `u `uec ecdd ri righ gh> (7>>7), 7), kdesn kdesncirg cirg qui ih `îtdcd kd`d "ue prdki prdkisd sd hûbnkd, surbncd cih rgkndknend ci hg necukknûe". Ie ogsi g istgs pri`nsgs ih `îtdcd kdestntuyi ih kdejuetd ci ribhgs y pgsds qui drnietge hg nevistnbgknûe knietàfnkg, ietri hds kughis si `iekndege ci `geirg bieirgh< hg dosirvgknû dosirvgknûe, e, ih phgetig`nietd ci anpûti anpûtisns sns d supuistds pgrg pgrg risdhvir  ueg netirrdbgeti, hg ixpirn`ietgknûe pgrg kd`prdogr hg anpûtisns ixkiptd ie ghbueds kgsds ci hgs kniekngs sdknghis d au`gegs, hg fàsnkg tiûrnkg, hg gstrded`àg, ietri dtrgs, y fnegh`ieti hgs kdekhusndeis ci risuhtgcds dotiencds. dotiencds.   Ie isti drcie hds nevi nevistnbgcdris stnbgcdris si÷ghge qui iihh `îtdcd is ue drcie qui cioi n`pd n` pdei eirr g hds hds cnfi cnfiri riet etis is ie prdk prdkis isds ds ei eiki kisg sgrn rnds ds pg pgrg rg hd hdbr brgr gr ue fn fnee cg cgcd cd d

risuhtgcds. Ie hg kniekng si ietnieci pdr `îtdcd, kdejuetd ci prdkisds qui ih ad`ori cioi i`priecir ie hg nevistnbgknûe y ci`dstrgknûe ci hg vircgc.

 

Ih `îtdcd ed si nevietg cipieci cih dojitd ci hg nevistnbgknûe. Hds sgonds kuygs nevistnbg nevi stnbgknde kndeis is fuirde fuirde kdrd kdrdegcg egcgss kde îxntd tuvni tuvnirde rde ih kuncgcd kuncgcd ci ciedtgr hds  pgsds rikdrrncds y hds `icnds qui hhivgrde g hds risuhtgcds. Dtrd cispuîs ci ihhds geghnzû tghis prdkisds y justnfnkgrde hg ifnkgkng ci ihhds `ns`ds.

Hg Istrukturg y Fgsis cih @îtdcd Ie isi `ns`d drcie drcie ih `îtd `îtdcd cd gkdrc gkdrcii g hg nevistnbgk nevistnbgknûe nûe hg nevistnbgk nevistnbgknûe nûe ci gkknûe gkk nûe pgr pgrtnk tnknpg npgtnv tnvg, g, kd kdedk edkncg ncg kd`d kd`d ih `î `îtdc tdcdd ci istuc istucnd nd y gk gkknû knûee ci tnpd tnpd kughntgtnvd, sustietgcg pdr hg nevistnbgknûe ie hg pgrtnknpgknûe ci hds prdpnds kdhiktnv kdhik tnvds ds g nevist nevistnbg nbgr. r. Ci ghhà ghhà qui hds nev nevis istnb tnbgc gcdri driss hhi hhivgr vgrde de g kgod kgod is istg tg nevistnbgknûe, snbuniecd ueg sirni ci pgsds qui si ispiknfnkge g kdetneugknûe: g) Ih cngb cngbeûstn eûstnkd kd: Ye Yedd ci hds hds `g `gyd ydri riss pr prdo dohi hi`g `gss ci citi tikt ktgc gcds ds cu curg rget etii ih cngbeûstnkd ih kugh fui kdefnr`gcd pdr hds `ni`ords ci hg Y.I. Gecrig Ghdesd Ghd esd ci Hicis` Hicis`g, g, qun quniei ieiss gfn gfnr`g r`grde rde qui hgs çrigs çrigs prdohi prdohi`ç `çtnk tnkgs gs qu quii  prisietg ih Hnkid pgrg phgenfnkgr sus pdhàtnkgs ci siburncgc ie kugetd gh aurtd, is hg fghtg ci privieknûe cih `ns`d y fghtg ci kdedkn`nietd i hds istucngetis ie tdred g hg `gtir `gtirng, ng, Cnkads Cnkads cih cihntd ntdss si vie nefhu nefhuiek iekngc ngcds ds pdr cnvirs cnvirsds ds fgktdris ci rnisbd tghis kd`d ih krikn`nietd istucngetnh sne ue kdesikuieti gu`ietd knucgcgeds ciskdedkncds ciskdedkncds ie hgs gcygkiek gcygkiekngs ngs ci hg Nestntuknûe.  o) Hg ]hgenfnkgknûe: Drbgenzgknûe ci hg Nefdr`gknûe: [i prdkicnû g drbgenzgr hg nefdr`gknûe gcqunrncg, gcqunrncg, kde ih fne ci uutnhnzgrhg tnhnzgrhg y phgs`grhg ie hg nevistnbgknûe, nevistnbgknûe, cietrd ci hgs kdekhusndeis y rikd`iecgkndeis, cdeci si istgohiknirde hgs  pdsnohis rispuistgs geti hg prdohi`çtnkg phgetigcg.

Gci`çs ci hg

n`phi` n`p hi`iet ietgkn gknûe ûe ci ue snsti`g  snsti`g  kdefngohi ci rgstrid y `dentdrid kd`d ih supirvnsnûe   y ih ih kdetrdh tgetd ci hds fuekndegrnds fuekndegrnds kd`d  pgtruhhgji, fgknhntg f gknhntg hg supirvnsnûe ci hg knucgcgeàg ie bieirgh. Nbugh`ieti, hg netrdcukknûe ue netrdcukknûe ue snsti`g cnriktd ci kd`uenkgknûee kde hds fuekndegrnds kd`d iehgki pgrg hg privieknûe cih cihntd. kd`uenkgknû k) Hg ijikuknûe: Ihgodrgknûe ci hds Nestru`ietds: [i cnsi÷û ueg ietrivnstg ed istru istrukt ktur urgc gcg, g,

cd cdec ecii

pgrtn pgrtnkn knpg pgrd rdee

gc`ne gc `nenst nstrgt rgtnvd nvd,, qunie qunieis is

cd cdki kiet etis is,,

gci gci`çs `çs fgk fgknhn nhntgr tgrde de hg

is istu tucn cnge geti tis, s,

pi pirs rsde degh gh

nefdr` nefdr`gk gknûe nûe pg pgrg rg

hg

 

ihgodrgknûe ci: Kdevirsgtdrnds, iekuietrds y tràptnkds nefdr`gtnvds, kde hg fneghncgc ci kdedkir hg dpnenûe ci hds cnriktnvds ci hg nestntuknûe, ie fueknûe ci kdedkir citghhgcg`ieti citghhgcg`ieti su ppuetd uetd ci vnstg ie kugetd kugetd gh prdohi`g prdohi`g trgtgcd y sus pdsnohis pdsnohis sdhuk sdhukndei ndeiss kdhgodr kdhgodrgecd gecd y gpdyge gpdygecd cd ie tdcd `d`ietd kde hg ]dhnkàg y hds nevistnbgcdris. c) Hg ivghugknûe: Isti prdyiktd ag sncd cnsi÷gcd ie kdejuetd kde hds cnriktnvds cih Nestntutd Nestntutd y kde hg pgrtn pgrtnknpg knpgknûe knûe ci hds cdkietis, cdkietis, istuc istucngeti ngetiss y pirs pirsdegh degh gc`nenstrgtnvd, rgzûe pdr hg kugh sus risuhtgcds y cnsi÷d pir`ntie vnsughnzgr su n`phi`ietgknûe ie hg Yencgc Icukgtnvg.

Ih [ujitd [nbenfnkgeti ]grg @grtàeiz @grtàeiz (?===), sde nefdr` nefdr`geti getiss khgvis, gquihhgs gquihhgs pirsdegs pirsdegs qui snrvie ci fuieti ci nefdr`gknûe, quî tnieie kdedkn`nietds ispiknghis y istgtus, pdrqui ijirkie ue hncirgzbd ie hg zdeg. [i necg necgbgrç bgrç kde hds cnrikt cnriktnvds, nvds, pirs pirsdegh degh cdk cdkieti ieti,, gc`nenstrgtnv gc`nenstrgtnvdd y dorird, dorird, ih snbenfnkgcd d kd`d kd`d pirknoie hgs istrgtibngs pprivietnvgs rivietnvgs cih ci cihntd hntd ci aurtd ie hg Y.I. Gec Y.I. Gecrig rig Ghd Ghdesd esd Hic Hicis is`g, `g, utnh utnhnzg nzgecd ecd tîkenk tîkenkgs gs kd`d hg ietrivns ietrivnstg tg ed istrukturgcgs y ih gutd ripdrtgji. Istgs pir`ntnrçe kd`priecir hg righncgc ogjd istu istucn cndd neti netirp rpri ritg tgec ecdd hd qu quii nefd nefdr` r`ge ge hg hgss pi pirs rsde degs gs qu quii hg vn vnvi viee y sus ixpirniekngs. ^, istgs pirsdegs, sibúe @grtàeiz (do-knt), sde hgs uencgcis ci

geçhnsns, is ciknr< gquihhgs qui pdr kdedkn`nietd ci hg knucgc, stgtus y kgpgkncgc ci nefdr`gknûe nefdr`gknûe,, qui puicie sirv sirvnr nr ci puieti puieti ietri istg y hds nevistnbgcd nevistnbgcdris< ris<  ogsgcds ie krntirnds kd`d: [ir `ni`ord ci hg kd`uencgc, Sieir ouieg vdhuetgc  pgrg sir ietrivnstgcd, istgr cnspuistd g sir brgogcd, y tieir kgpgkncgc ci gpdrtgr  cgtds n`pdrtgetis pgrg ih ti`g qui si nevistnbg. ]grg citghhgr tdcg hg nefdr`gknûe rikgogcg kde hds cgtds rihgkndegcds kde hgs istrgtibngs privietnvgs cih cihntd ci aurtd ie hg Y.I. Gecrig Ghdesd Hicis`g uonkgcd ie Bugriegs @uenknpnd ]hgzg Istgcd Odhnvgrnged ci @nrgecg.

 

_ikdhikknûe ci hg Nefdr`gknûe

 

[ibúe Grngs, F. (?=77), hg _ikdhikknûe ci hg Nefdr`gknûe si cifnei kd`d ‘hgs

cnstnetgs `geirgs ci dotieir hg nefdr`gknûe, `nietrgs qui hds nestru`ietds sde hds `icnds `gtirnghis qui si i`phige pgrg rikdbir y gh`gkiegr hg nefdr`gknûe‐.(p. 62). Hg prisieti nevistnbgknûe cisgrrdhhû hgs snbunietis tîkenkgs i nestru`ietds qui gyucgrde g rikdhiktgr hg nefdr`gknûe eikisgrng pgrg ih ti`g ie istucnd kd`d hg ri rikd kdpn pnhg hgkn knûe ûe cd cdku ku`i `iet etgh gh y hg ietr ietriv ivns nstg tg.. Hgs Hgs `n `ns` s`gs gs or orne necg cgrd rdee g hd hdss nevist nev istnbg nbgcdr cdris is hg fgknhn fgknhncg cgcc ci nek nekri` ri`iet ietgr gr nefdr` nefdr`gkn gknûe ûe ei eikis kisgrn grng, g, g fne ci citir`negr hgs prndrncgcis ci hg pdohgknûe dojitd ci nevistnbgknûe. Ietri hgs kughis istçe:

Hgs Sîkenkgs i Nestru`ietds   _djgs [drnged, (7>>6-7>2) si÷ghg gh rifirnrsi g hgs tîkenkgs i nestru`ietds pgrg

rikdpnhgr nefdr`gknûe kd`d hg ci kg`pd, hd snbunieti:  

Wui ih vdhu` vdhu`ie ie y ih tnpd tnpd ccii nefdr`g nefdr`gknûe knûe-kugh -kughntgtn ntgtnvg vg y kuge kugetntgt tntgtnvgnvg- qui qui si

rikgoie ie ih trgogjd ci kg`pd cioie istgr phieg`ieti justnfnkgcds pdr hds dojitnvds i anpûtisns ci hg nevistnbgknûe, d ci hd kdetrgrnd si kdrri ih rnisbd ci rikdpnhgr cgtds ci pdkg d enebueg utnhncgc pgrg ifiktugr ue geçhnsns gcikugcd cih  prdohi`g.   Is ci pgrtnkuhgr n` n`pdrtgekng pdrtgekng ddtdrbgr tdrbgr y ed dhv dhvncgr ncgr ih vghdr qui tnieie hgs tîkenkgs tîkenkgs y hds nestru`ietds qui si i`phigrçe ie ueg nevistnbgknû nevistnbgknûe. e. @ukags vikis si nenkng ue trgogjd sne ncietnfnkgr quî tnpd ci nefdr`gknûe si eikisntg d hgs fuietis ie hgs kughis puici dotieirsi< istd dkgsndeg pîrcncgs ci tni`pd, i nekhusd, g vikis, ih nenknd ci ueg euivg nevistnbgknûe. ]dr tgh rgzûe, si kdesncirg isiekngh cifnenr hgs tîkenkgs g i`phigrsi ie hg rikdhikknûe ci hg nefdr`gknûe, gh nbugh qui hgs fuietis ie hgs qui puici gcqunrnr tgh nefdr`gknûe.

 

  ]grg ih kg kgsd sd qui qui dkup dkupgg is istg tg ne nevist vistnbgk nbgknûe nûe hgs hgs tîkenkg tîkenkgss sihikkn sihikkndegc degcgs gs sde sde hg dosirvgknûe, hg kugh is ueg tîkenkg qui kdesnsti ie dosirvgr gtietg`ieti ih fieû`ied, aikad d kgsd, td`gr nefdr`gknûe y ribnstrgrhg pgrg su pdstirndr geçhnsns Hg dosirvgknûe is ue ihi`ietd fuecg`ietgh ci tdcd prdkisd nevistnbgtnvd, ie ihhg si gpdyg ih nevistnbgcdr pgrg dotieir ih `gydr eú`ird ci cgtds.   Ixnstie cds khgsis ci dosirvgknûe: hg Dosirvgknûe knietàfnkg y hg dosirvgknûe ed knietà kni etàfnk fnkg. g. Hg cnfiri cnfiriek ekng ng ist istçç ie hg net netie ieknd kndegh eghncg ncgc: c: do dosir sirvgr vgr knietà knietàfnkg fnkg`ie `ieti ti snbenfnkg dosirvgr kde ue dojitnvd khgrd, cifnencd y priknsd: ih nevistnbgcdr sgoi quî is hd qui cisig dosirvgr y pgrg quî hd agki, hd kugh n`phnkg qui cioi pripgrgr  kuncgcdsg`ieti hg dosirvgknûe. Dosirvgr ed knietàfnkg`ieti snbenfnkg dosirvgr  sne netieknûe, sne dojitnvd cifnencd y pdr tgetd, sne pripgrgknûe privng.

Ietrivnstg

Bghn Bg hnec ecd, d, (7>> (7>>1: 1: ]gb. ]gb. ?22) ?22).. Ci nbug nbughh fd fdr` r`gg si gp gpdy dyûû hg ne nefd fdr` r`gk gknû nûee kd kdee ietr ietriv ivns nstg tgss y ih kuis kuistn tnde degr grnd nd qui qui sd sdee hd hdss ih ihi` i`ie ietd tdss is isie iekn kngh ghis is ie hg vn vncg cg kdeti`pdrçeig, is kd`uenkgknûe prn`grng qui kdetrnouyi g hg kdestrukknûe ci hg righncgc, nestru`ietd ifnkgz ci brge priknsnûe ie hg `icncg qui si fuecg`ietg ie hg netirrihgknûe au`geg. ]rdpdrkndeg ue ixkihieti nestru`ietd aiuràstnkd pgrg kd`onegr hds iefdquis prçktnkds, geghàtnkds i netirpritgtnvds n`phàkntds ie tdcd  prdkisd ci kd`uenkgr kd`uenkgr [goned, (7>>?: ]gb.776) kd`ietg qui hg ietrivnstg, cisci ih puetd ci vnstg cih `îtdcd is ueg fdr`g `îtdcd fdr`g isp ispikà ikàfnk fnkgg ci netirg netirgkk kknûe nûe sdkngh sdkngh qui tniei pd pdrr dojitd dojitd rikdhiktgr cgtds pgrg ueg nevistnbgknûe nevistnbgknûe.. Hds Nevistnbgcdris fdr`uhge pribuetgs g hgs pirsdegs kgpgkis ci gpdrtgrhi cgtds ci netirîs, istgohikniecd ue cnçhdbd pikuhngr, gsn`îtrnkd, cdeci ueg ci hgs pgrtis  ouskg rikdbir nefdr`gkndeis y hg dtrg is hg fuieti ci isgs nefdr`gkndeis. ]dr  rgzdeis dovngs sûhd si i`phig, sghvd rgrgs ixkipkndeis, ie hgs kniekngs au`gegs.

 

Hg vietgjg isiekngh ci hg ietrivnstg risnci ie qui sde hds `ns`ds gktdris sdknghis qunieis quni eis prdpdrknd prdpdrkndege ege hds cgtd cgtdss rihgtnvds rihgtnvds g sus kdecuktg kdecuktgs, s, dpnendei dpnendeis, s, cisids, cisids, gktntucis y ixpiktgtnvgs, kdsg qui pdr su `ns`g egturghizg is kgsn n`pdsnohi ci dosirvgr cisci fuirg. Egcni `ijdr qui hg `ns`g pirsdeg nevdhukrgcg pgrg agohgr  gkirkg ci tdcd gquihhd qui pniesg y snieti, ci hd qui ag ixpirn`ietgcd d prdyiktg agkir. Hgs pribuetgs cih kuistndegrnd puicie sir istrukturgcgs d si`n istrukturgcgs, pgrg îstgg nevist îst nevistnbg nbgknû knûee si hhivge hhivge g kgo kgodd îst îstgs gs úht úhtn`g n`gss pg pgrg rg dotie dotieir ir nefdr` nefdr`gk gknûe nûe kughntgtnvg. Hgs ietrivnstgs si`n-istrukturgcgs, si ogsge ie ueg buàg ci gsuetds d  pribuetgs y ih ietrivnstgcdr tniei hg hnoirtgc ci netrdcuknr pribuetgs gcnkndeghis  pgrg priknsgr kdekiptds u dotieir `gydr nefdr`gknûe sdori ti`gs cisigcds

(Aireçeciz it gh, ?==;, (]çb. 399). Yeg ietrivnstg si`n istrukturgcgs (ed istrukturgcg d ed fdr`ghnzgcg) is gquîhhg ie qui ixnsti ue `grbie `çs d `ieds brgeci ci hnoirtgc pgrg fdr`uhgr hgs pribuetgs y hgs rispuistgs ([goned 7>>?:71). Hg tîkenkg ci hg ietrivnstg si utnhnzg ie istg nevistnbgknûe gphnkgecd ih iefdqui kughntgtnvd g hds risuhtgcds ci hg nevistnbgknûe.

]hge ci Gkknûe

  [ib [ibúe úe [uç [uçriz riz,, (7> (7>>>: >>: ]gb.? ]gb.?7>) 7>),, Ih ]hg ]hgee ci Gkknûe Gkknûe ‘sde ‘sde cdku`i cdku`ietd etdss cioncg`ieti istrukturgcds qui fdr`ge pgrti ci phgeig`nietd istrgtîbnkd ci ueg nevist nev istnbg nbgknû knûee ci kgr kgrçk çktir tir kug kughnt hntgtn gtnvd, vd, si ouskg ouskg ‘` ‘`gti gtirng rnghnz hnzgr‐ gr‐ hds dojitn dojitnvds vds istrgtîbnkds privng`ieti istgohikncds, cdtçecdsi ci ue ihi`ietd kugetntgtnvd y virnfnkgohi g hd hgrbd cih prdyiktd‐.  

]grg hds nevistnbgcdri nevistnbgcdriss ue phge ci gkknûe is ue tnpd ci phge qui prndrnzg hgs

nenkngtnvgs `çs n`pdrtgetis ppgrg grg ku`phnr kde knirtds dojitnvd dojitnvdss  y `itgs. Ci istg

 

`geirg, ue phge ci gkknûe si kdestntuyi kd`d ueg ispikni ci buàg qui ornecg ue `grkd d ueg istrukturg g hg adrg ci hhivgr g kgod ue prdyiktd.

Dojitnvd Bieirgh: Cisgrrdhhgr Istrgtibngs ie privieknûe cih Cihntd ci Aurtd, cnrnbncg g hds istucngetis ci hg Y.I. Ghdesd Gecrig ci Hicis`g, uonkgcg uonkgcg ie ih @uenknpnd ]hgzg [iktdr ci _unz ]neicg Bugriegs Istgcd @nrgecg.

Dojitnvds is ispikàfnkds:

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Nevistnbgcdris

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priv privnd ndss

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79 càgs

Ihgodrgknûe ci gbiecg. ]risietgknûe ci hg prdohi`çtnkg

ci Hicis`g‐uonkgcg ie ih

Istgcd Ge Gegh ghnz nzgr gr@nrgecg hgs hgs cnfi cnfiri riet etis is icuk icukgt gtnv nvgs gs

Cdkietis Gc`nenstrgtnvds Dorirds

@uenknpnd ]hgzg Bugriegs

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Cnriktnvds

Nevistnbgcdris, Ietrivnstgs

Cdkietis

cnrnbncgs g hds istucngetis  pgrg ih fdrtghikn`nietd ci hg privieknûe cih cihntd ci

_iuendeis kde _iprisietgetis

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Hicis` Hic is`g‐ g‐ uonkgc uonkgcgg ie ih @uenknpnd ]hgzg Bugriegs Istgcd @nrgecg

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G pgrtnr ci hg fikag ci gktnvgknûe cih prdyiktd

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