TESIS FINAL CONCRETO

UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE TRUJILLO FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS ESCUELA DE AGRÌCOLA INFORME DE:

TEMA:

RET

PORCENTAJE OPTIMO DE ASERRIN ASERRIN COMO COMO AGREGADO EN EL CONCRETO CON CEMENTO TIPO ICO PARA MEJORAR LA RESISTENCIA DE PAVIMENTOS ALUMNO: CORTEZ GUARNIZ MILAGROS DEL ROCIO ESPINOZA MENDOCILLA MARIBEL RISCO AMAYA EDWIN MARTIN RUBIO VALLE MAX EDINSON VERTIZ PALOMINO KARLA ALEXANDRA UNIVERSIDAD: UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE TRUJILLO FACULTAD: CIENCIAS AGROPECU AGROPECUARIAS ARIAS ESCUELA ACADEMICA: INGENIERIA AGRICOLA ASESOR: Ing. VASQUEZ ALFARO IVAN EUGENIO TRUJILLO  – PERÚ T/08/11/2014

2014

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PRESENTACION

Ing. VASQUEZ ALFARO IVAN EUGENIO Se le presenta este trabajo de conocimiento académico dado a la responsabilidad de cumplir con los trabajos del curso; la cual sea de su agrado este trabajo titulado:

PORCENTAJE ÓPTIMO DE ASERRIN COMO COMO AGREGADO EN EL CONCRETO CON CEMENTO TIPO ICO PARA MEJORAR LA RESISTENCIA DE PAVIMENTOS. Agrego que sea de su tratado académico de dicho contenido de este trabajo. Trujillo, 8 de noviembre del 2014

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DEDICATORIA A DIOS Que nunca nos abandonó en los  peores momentos de nuestras vidas y nos dio la fortaleza que necesitábamos.

A NUESTROS PADRES Quienes son nuestras fortaleza de seguir adelante.

A NUESTROS FAMILIARES Y AMIGOS Que nos brindaron su apoyo y su confianza.

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AGRADECIMIENTO Un gran pero gran agradecimiento a nuestros maestros ingenieros y demás docentes de la Escuela de Ingeniería Agrícola que contribuyeron con nuestros conocimientos  para nuestra formación profesional.

Por ultimo agradecemos a nuestros compañeros por su amistad, apoyo y su confianza durante nuestro recorrido académico.

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RESUMEN En este trabajo se analiza la calidad de agregados que brinda dicha empresa y también el aserrín ya que es una pieza importante en esta humilde tesis.. Después de obtener las muestras representativas de los agregados, procedimos

a

determinar sus propiedades FISICO MECÁNICAS, las cuales fueron: Peso específico, la granulometría, el porcentaje de absorción, el contenido de humedad, el peso unitario seco y compactado, el contenido de finos y el módulo de finura (Del agregado fino y grueso), resistencia a la abrasión, características que brindan una valiosa información

de la

capacidad de servicio de la estructura a largo plazo. La granulometría de los agregados, determinada por análisis de tamices de N° 100, N° 50,  N° 30, N° 16, N° 8, N° 4, 3/8", 3/4", 1", 11/2", 2".,es un elemento importante que nos sirvió, en la determinación del tamaño máximo nominal y por ende, del requerimiento unitario de agua, proporciones del agregado grueso y fino, y de la cantidad del cemento  para obtener la trabajabilidad deseada. El peso específico, es de vital importancia, para determinar el PESO de los agregados existente en la dosificación. La absorción, prueba realizada para realizar CORRECCIONES en las dosificaciones de mezclas de concreto. El aserrín también se tamizo con el tamiz N° 16 ya que necesitamos ese tamaño para que el aserrín al absorber agua no se infle tanto y también para que tenga una buena adherencia a los agregados del concreto; analizamos su SLUMP de acuerdo a los porcentajes 0%, 1%, 2%, y 3% con el CONO DE ABRAMS ABRAMS para así comprobar la cantidad de agua a absorber; con un curado de 14 , 21 y 28 días sabremos si la resistencia ha bajado o ha subido para  poder utilizarlo en pavimentos.

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ABSTRACT In this paper the quality of the company providing aggregated and analyzed sawdust as it is an important piece in this humble thesis. After obtaining representative samples of aggregates, we proceeded to determine their  physical and mechanical properties, which were: Specific Gravity, grain size, absorption rate, moisture content, the compacted dry unit weight, fines content and fineness modulus (the fine and coarse aggregate), abrasion resistance characteristics that provide valuable information about the serviceability of the structure over time. The granulometry of the aggregates, as determined by sieve analysis of No. 100, No. 50,  No. 30, No. 16, No. 8, No. 4, 3/8 ", 3/4", 1 ", 11 / 2 ", 2". it is an important element that helped us in determining the nominal maximum size and, therefore, the unit water requirement, proportions of coarse and fine aggregate, and the amount of concrete for workability desired. The specific gravity, it is vital to determine the WEIGHT of the existing aggregates in dosage. The absorption test performed for CORRECTIONS in  batching concrete mixes. Sawdust also sieved with sieve No. 16 and we need that size for the sawdust to absorb water and does not inflate too much to have a good adhesion to concrete aggregates; SLUMP analyzed according to their percentages 0%, 1%, 2% and 3% with CONE ABRAMS so check the amount of water absorbed; cured with 14, 21 and 28 days we will know if the resistance is down or uploaded to use in pavements.

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ANTECEDENTES El crecimiento constante de la población ha ocasionado diferentes problemáticas en el País, en primera, la falta de viviendas para la población, especialmente para familias de bajos recursos y en segundo, el creciente deterioro ambiental ocasionado por la generación de desechos no biodegradables,  por lo que se requieren propuestas ecologistas que aminoren estos problemas. Entre las soluciones se encuentra, el desarrollo y mejora en la calidad de los elementos de construcción, empleando nuevas tecnologías y materiales que disminuyan el impacto ambiental (reduciendo el gasto de energía y materias primas que requieren los elementos de construcción convencionales), de bajo costo en su elaboración y de  procesamiento sencillo. Diversas organizaciones, empresas, equipos de investigación e iniciativas ecologistas  preocupadas por solucionar estas problemáticas, han comenzado a promover, desarrollar y experimentar con algunos materiales, tradicionalmente considerados como desechos (orgánicos e inorgánicos), como son residuos de madera (viruta, aserrín), fibras de henequén, piña, coco, cenizas del carbón, plásticos, entre otros, utilizándolos como agregados y mezclándolos con cemento para obtener nuevos materiales de construcción. Estos “desechos” constituyen insumos constituyen insumos potenciales para el desarrollo de nuevas tecnologías de construcción de viviendas.

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ÍNDICE GENERAL ...................................................................................................... ................................................................. ........... 1 PRESENTACION................................................  ................................................................................................................... ............................ 2 DEDICATORIA .......................................................................................  ..................................................................................……………… ………………33 AGRADECIMIENTO .................................................................................. ..................................................................................................... ...................................................……………… ………………44 RESUMEN ..................................................  ...................................................................................................……………… ………………55 ABSTRACT ................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ........................................................ 6 ANTECEDENTES .........................................................  ............................................................................................................. ............................ 7 INDICE GENERAL .................................................................................  ..................................................................................................... ...................................... 8 INDICE DE GRAFICOS ...............................................................  ....................................................................................................... ........................................................ 8 INDICE DE FIGURAS ................................................. ....................................................................................................... .............................................. 9 INDICE DE CUADROS .........................................................  ........................................................................................................ ........ 10 INDICE DE TABLAS ................................................................................................

I.

 .................................................................................................. ............................................. 11 INTRODUCCION ..................................................... 1. 1 Realidad Problemática y Marco Teórico…………………………… Teórico……………………………... ...……… ……….12 .12 1.1.1 Realidad Problemática…………………………………………… Problemática……………………………………………... ...…… ……12 12 1.1.2 Marco Teórico…………………………………………………………. Teórico…………………………………………………………. 12 1.2 Problema

.20

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Un iversidad Naci onal de Tr uj il lo

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2.4

Técnica…………………………………………………… Técnica…………………………………………………… .………………..25 ……………….. 25

2.5

Procedimiento………………………………………………………… Procedimiento………………………………………………………… ...…. ...….25 25

......................................................... ....... 29 III. ANALISIS DE DATOS Y RESULTADOS .................................................. ...................................................................................................... ............................................ 44 IV. PRESUPUESTO..........................................................

V.

.......................................................................... .......................... 45 DISCUSIÓN DE RESULTADOS ................................................

VI. CONCLUSIONES Y RECOMENDACIONES .................................................... 46 VII.

 ................................................................................................... ............................................. 48 BIBLIOGRAFIA ......................................................

........................................................................................................ ............................................................... ......... 49 VIII. ANEXOS ..................................................

ÍNDICE DE CUADROS CUADRO N° 01…………………………………………………………………………24

CUADRO N° 02………………………………………………………………………… 29 CUADRO N° 03………………………………………………………………………… 30

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CUADRO N° 12………………………………………………………………………… 36 CUADRO N° 13………………………………………………………………………… 37 CUADRO N° 14………………………………………………………………………… 40 CUADRO N° 15………………………………………………………………………… 41 CUADRO N° 16………………………………………………………………………… 41 CUADRO N° 17………………………………………………………………………… 42 CUADRO N° 18………………………………………………………………………… 42 CUADRO N° 19………………………………………………………………………… 43 CUADRO N° 20………………………………………………………………………… 44 CUADRO N° 21………………………………………………………………………… 44

ÍNDICE DE FIGURAS FIGURA N°01………………… N°01……………………………………….………… …………………….………………………………….. ………………………..50

FIGURA N°02………………………………………………………….………………..50 50 FIGURA N°03………………………………………………………….………….…….50 FIGURA N°04…………………………………………………………………… .……..50 FIGURA N°05…………………………………………………………………… .……..50

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FIGURA N°14………………………………………………….………………………..52 52 FIGURA N°15………………………………………………………….………………..52 52 FIGURA N°16……………………………………………………………….…………..52 52 FIGURA N°17…………………………………………………………….……………..52 52 FIGURA N°18………………………………………………………………….………..52 52 FIGURA N°19………………………………………………….…………………… .….53 FIGURA N°20………………………………………………………….………………..53 53 FIGURA N°21……………………………………………………………….…………..53 53 FIGURA N°22…………………………………………………………….……………..53 53 FIGURA N°23………………………………………………………………….………..53 53 FIGURA N°24………………………………………………………………….………..53

ÍNDICE DE GRAFICOS GRAFICO N°:01 N°:0 1 .................................................. ........................................................................................................ ............................................................... ......... 54 GRAFICO N°:02 ................................................................................................................ 54 GRAFICO N°:03 ................................................................................................................ 55 GRAFICO N°:04 ................................................................................................................ 55 GRAFICO N°:05 ................................................................................................................ 56

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I. INTRODUCCION Antiguamente se decía que los agregados eran elementos inertes dentro del concreto ya que no intervenían directamente dentro de las reacciones químicas, la tecnología moderna se establece que siendo este material el que mayor porcentaje de participación tendrá dentro de la unidad cúbica de concreto sus propiedades y características diversas influyen en todas las propiedades del concreto. Es muy importante el análisis de los agregados ya que gracias a estas propiedades  podremos formar un concreto de características relacionadas con las mencionadas, si el análisis de estas es fallido el concreto que formaremos no tendrá los requerimientos para el cual fue fabricado. Por ello el siguiente informe expone de manera didáctica y comprensiva el procedimiento correcto para el análisis de los agregados y la exposición de los mismos.

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1. 1 REALIDAD PROBLEMÁTICA Y MARCO TEÓRICO 1.1.1 REALIDAD PROBLEMÁTICA Diversas organizaciones, empresas, equipos de investigación e iniciativas ecologistas preocupadas por solucionar estas problemáticas sobre el crecimiento constante de población en el País, en primera, la falta de viviendas para la población, especialmente para familias de bajos recursos y en segundo, el creciente deterioro ambiental ocasionado por la generación de desechos no  biodegradables. Las empresas han comenzado a promover, desarrollar y

experimentar con algunos materiales, tradicionalmente considerados como desechos (orgánicos e inorgánicos), como son residuos de madera (viruta, aserrín), fibras de henequén, piña, coco, cenizas del carbón, plásticos, entre otros, utilizándolos como agregados y mezclándolos con cemento para obtener nuevos materiales de construcción. Estos “desechos” constituyen insumos  potenciales para el desarrollo de nuevas tecnologías de construcción de

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Un iversidad Naci onal de Tr uj il lo

Escuela Pr ofes Escuela ofesion ion al de I ngeni ería Agr í cola 

 pues éste método es el que generalmente se aplica para obtener el tamaño adecuado. Los agregados naturales y los de trituración se distinguen por tener  por lo general un comportamiento compor tamiento constructivo diferente, sin embargo emba rgo se pueden llegar a combinar teniendo la mezcla a su vez características diferentes. También denominados áridos, inertes o conglomerados son fragmentos o granos que constituyen entre un 70% y 85% del peso de la mezcla, cuyas finalidades específicas son abaratar los costos de la mezcla y dotarla de ciertas características favorables dependiendo dela obra que se quiera ejecutar. Los agregados ya sean naturales, triturados o sintéticos se emplean en una gran variedad de obras de ingeniería civil, algunas de las aplicaciones pueden ser: construcción de filtros en drenes, filtros para retención de partículas sólidas del agua, rellenos en general, elaboración de concretos hidráulicos, elaboración de concretos asfálticos, elaboración de morteros hidráulicos, construcción de bases y sub-bases en carreteras, acabados en general, protección decoración en techos y azoteas, balasto en ferrocarriles y otras. El agregado fino es aquel que pasa el

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Un iversidad Naci onal de Tr uj il lo

Escuela Pr ofes Escuela ofesion ion al de I ngeni ería Agr í cola 

se refieren normalmente a la composición química, la granulometría, los coeficientes de forma y el tamaño. 

Composición

El agregado fino consistirá en arena natural proveniente de canteras aluviales o de arena producida artificialmente. La forma de las partículas deberá ser generalmente cúbica o esférica razonablemente libre de partículas delgadas,  planas o alargadas. La arena natural estará constituida por fragmentos de roca limpios, duros, compactos, durables. 

Calidad

En general, el agregado fino o arena deberá cumplir con los requisitos establecidos en la norma, es decir, no deberá contener cantidades dañinas de arcilla, limo, álcalis, mica, materiales orgánicos y otras sustancias perjudiciales.

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Un iversidad Naci onal de Tr uj il lo

Escuela Pr ofes Escuela ofesion ion al de I ngeni ería Agr í cola 

 partículas más pequeñas del agregado grueso de roca o grava triturada deberá ser generalmente cúbica y deberá estar razonablemente libre de partículas delgadas, planas o alargadas en todos los tamaños. 

Calidad

En general, el agregado grueso deberá estar de acuerdo con la norma ASTMC 33 (El uso de la norma está sujeto de acuerdo al país en el cual se aplique la misma ya que las especificaciones de cada una de estas varían de acuerdo con la región o país). Los porcentajes de sustancias dañinas en cada fracción del agregado grueso, en el momento de la descarga en la planta de concreto, no deberán superar los siguientes límites

PESO ESPECÍFICO Peso específico del agregado fino Este método permitirá calcular con ayuda de la fiola, el volumen que ocupara el

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Un iversidad Naci onal de Tr uj il lo

Escuela Pr ofes Escuela ofesion ion al de I ngeni ería Agr í cola 

Dónde: Pe = peso especifico W1= peso en el aire de la muestra secada al horno, en gramos. W2=peso en el aire de la muestra saturada con superficie seca. W3= peso en el aire de la muestra saturada, en gramos.

PORCENTAJE DE ABSORCIÓN Absorción: aumento en el peso de los agregados debido al agua en los poros del material, pero sin incluir el agua adherida a la superficie exterior de las

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Un iversidad Naci onal de Tr uj il lo

Escuela Pr ofes Escuela ofesion ion al de I ngeni ería Agr í cola 

PESO UNITARIO Peso unitario suelto seco (PUSS) Es aquel en el que se establece la relación peso/volumen dejando caer libremente desde cierta altura el agregado (5cm aproximadamente), en un recipiente de volumen conocido y estable. Este dato es importante porque  permite convertir pesos en volúmenes y viceversa cuando se trabaja con agregados. Se denomina PUS cuando para determinarla se coloca el material seco

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Un iversidad Naci onal de Tr uj il lo

Escuela Pr ofes Escuela ofesion ion al de I ngeni ería Agr í cola 



Volumen del molde = A



Peso del Molde = B



Peso Agregado suelto + peso del molde = S



Peso Agregado Compactado + peso del Molde = C

GRANULOMETRIA Se denomina clasificación granulométrica o granulometría, a la medición y graduación que se lleva a cabo de los granos de una formación sedimentaria, de los materiales sedimentarios, así como de los suelos, con fines de análisis, tanto

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Un iversidad Naci onal de Tr uj il lo

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

% ARENA –  ARENA – LIMO LIMO = ∑ % PR (