Tesis de Administracion de Empresas

 

 

YPH^DK]H MD NB_D[]NLJKNÛB

―Pdodrdbtds mde prhlrjgj md Jmgnbnstrjknûb md Dgprdsjs db nbstntuknhbds rdprdsdbtjtnvjs db Durhpj, Kjbjmê y Dstjmhs Tbnmhs.‗ 

YPD[DB]JMH YHP3 Lunmh Odrbjbmh Suúnlj Ghcnkj

MNPDK]HP MD YPH^DK]H3 Phsj Bdeey Yîrdz Gjrtçbdz

TBN_DP[NMJM YDMJLÛLNKJ ^ ]DKBHEÛLNKJ MD KHEHG@NJ OJKTE]JM MD KNDBKNJ[ DKHBÛGNKJ[ ^ JMGNBN[]PJ]N_J[ D[KTDEJ MD JMGNBN[]PJKNÛB MD DGYPD[J[ ]TBCJ 09:4

 

 

]j`ej md Khbtdbnmh N. 

PD[TGDB...................................................................................................................=  D [YJÚHE [YJÚHE ............................... ................................................................. .................................................................... .................................................................... ..................................=  N BLED[ BLED[ ............................ ............................................................... .................................................................... .................................................................... ........................................ ..... =  NN.  NB]PHMTKKNÛB NB]PHMTKKNÛ B ......................................................................................................... 4  NNN.  YEJB]DJGNDB]H YEJB]DJGND B]H MDE YPH@EDGJ............................................................................. ?  Y PH@EDGÊ]NKJ ............................... MD[KPNYKNÛB ^ MDENGN]JKNÛB MD EJ PDJENMJM YPH@EDGÊ]NKJ .................................................................. ...................................?  OHPGTEJKNÛB MD YPH@EDGJ H YPDLTB]J MD NB_D[]NLJKNÛB ................................................................. .................................................................?  [N[]DGJ]NSJKNÛB MDE YPH@EDGJ ............................. .............................................................. .................................................................. ........................................ .......?  N_.  H@CD]N_H LDBDPJE ^ D[YDKÇONKH[ ...........................................................................0).   Ydrnhmh y euljr mhbmd sd mdsjrrheejrj ej nbvdstnljknûb3 Dstd prhydkth sdrê rdjenzjmh db ej knumjm md ]ubcj  ‛ @hyjkê, db ub pdrnhmh md 4 gdsds j pjrtnr md su jprh`jknûb phr ejs juthrnmjmds khgpdtdbtds. 

  Tbnvdrsh y Gudstrj3 De ubnvdrsh dstê khbohrgjmh phr thmjs ejs dskudejs md bdlhknhs y jmgnbnstrjknûb kdrtnonkjmjs phr ubj dbtnmjm rdkhbhknmj nbtdrbjknhbjegdbtd (JJK[@ pjrj de kjsh Dstjmhubnmdbsdd y Kjbjmndbsd, y ej ODGM pjrj de kjsh md ej Tbnûb Durhpdj), ds mdknr ub thtje md 49? Dstjmhubnmdbs dskudejs md bdlhknhs kdrtnonkjmjs db ehs Dstjmhs Tbnmhs md Bhrtdjgîrnkj (JJK[@ 09:=) , 09:=) , =: dskudejs db Kjbjmê y >

 

    Gîthmh snstîgnkh3 [d dgpndzj j jbjenzjr ejs hrljbnzjknhbds mdsmd de pubth md vnstj md ehs snstdgjs, khbkdpth thgjmh md ejs kndbknjs oçsnkjs. [d khbkeuyû qud ejs hrljbnzjknhbds shb snstdgjs md tnph j`ndrth (nbtdrjktójb mnbêgnkjgdbtd khb su dbthrbh). De gjyhr jphrtd md dstj tdhrçj ds rdkhbhkdr qud ejs hrljbnzjknhbds bh dstêb jnsejmjs, snbh qud phr de khbtrjrnh, mdpdbmdb md su dbthrbh pjrj h`tdbdr rdkurshs y pjrj qud j`shr`jb sus prhmukths, bnblubj hrljbnzjknûb sh`rdvnvd sn nlbhrj ejs rdluejknhbds mde lh`ndrbh, ejs rdejknhbds khb ehs prhvddmhrds h ejs mnvdrsjs dbtnmjmds dxtdrbjs md ejs qud mdpdbmd. 

  Gîthmh md ejs Khbtnbldbknjs3 [n `ndb jelubhs khbkdpths jmgnbnstrjtnvhs pjrdkdb sdr md jpenkjknûb ubnvdrsje, ds dvnmdbtd qud db ub dbthrbh mhbmd ej ohrgj md fjkdr bdlhknhs y ejs hrljbnzjknhbds kjg`njb khbstjbtdgdbtd, ehs khbkdpths tjg`nîb sd md`db jghemjr j jelubjs hrljbnzjknhbds dspdkçonkjs, y ds qud, sn ej jmgnbnstrjknûb oudrj tjb ubnvdrsje y rçlnmj de pjpde mde jmgnbnstrjmhr md dgprdsjs sd vdrçj mdvjeujmh, ds îe qundb mdonbd ej gdchr dstrjtdlnj pjrj kjmj tnph md hrljbnzjknûb. hrljbnzjknûb. 

  ]dbmdbknjs jktujeds md ej jmgnbnstrjknûb3 Db de snleh VVN gukfhs tdgjs jkjpjrjb ej jtdbknûb md ehs jmgnbnstrjmhrds, dbtrd deehs ej leh`jenzjknûb, îtnkj, mnvdrsnm mnvdrsnmjm jm md ej oudrzj md trj`jch, de juld mde khgdrknh dedktrûbnkh y ej jmgnbnstrjknûb md ej kjenmjm. (Ph``nbs 0994)  0994)  

Md ej prêktnkj je juej ―Zunsndrj vnvnr pjrj dstumnjr, bh dstumnjr pjrj vnvnr‗.  

[nr Orjbkns @jkhb Yjrj dbkhbtrjr ejs prngdrjs dskudejs md jmgnbnstrjknûb h bdlhknhs ghmdrbjs bhs md`dghs rdgntnr j ej ―Durhpd @usnbdss [kfhhe‗ oubmjmj phr ub lruph md dkhbhgnstjs, jkjmîgnkhs y fhg`rds md bdlhknhs, nbkeuydbmh de khbhknmh dkhbhgnstj Cdjb-@jptnstd [jy y de rdkhbhknmh khgdrknjbtd _ntje Phux. Cdjb-@jptnstd [jy oud ub mdodbshr mde en`drjensgh dkhbûgnkh y khb ordkudbknj sd ed jtrn`uyd de fj`dr jkuújmh de khbkdpth md dspçrntu dgprdsjrnje  db  db :699. Phux _ntje ds dspdknjegdbtd khbhknmh phr fj`dr khbtrn`unmh khbtrn` unmh j ej dej`hrjknûb mde Kûmnlh md Khgdrknh db :69:9, eudlh :09 sheh 09 júhs mdspuîs. Khb ej dxpjbsnûb md ej kjrrdrj db sudeh dstjmhubnmdbsd ejs dskudejs dgpdzjrhb j dstjbmjrnzjr ub kurrçkueh mhgnbjmh phr ej khbtj`nenmjm, dkhbhgçj, `jbkj y onbjbzjs, gdrkjmdh y dstjmçstnkj. Fjknj :>;9 de fnsthrnjmhr Kjrtdr Mjbnde mdstjkj`j de krdkngndbth snb prdkdmdbtds md ejs kêtdmrjs md jmgnbnstrjknûb md dgprdsjs3 ―Bh dxnstd ub pjrjedeh db ej fn sthrnj jkjmîgnkj md ubj kjtdmrj qud fjyj krdknmh db sheh kujtrh mîkjmjs mdsmd ubj pdqudúh y jedjthrnh khgndbzh j ubj md ehs gês lrjbmds khgphbdbtds md ejs ubnvdrsnmjmds. ubnvdrsnm jmds. Oud óbnkh, y phr gukfh de gês ngphrtjbtd mdsjrrheeh db ej dmukjknûb supdrnhr jgdrnkjbj mde snleh VV‗ (Mjbnde :>>6). :>>6).

:9

 

  J onbjeds md ej sdlubmj ludrrj gubmnje, jelubhs dstjmhubnmdbsds dgpdzjrhb j prhghvdr ej nmdj md dxpjbmnr de khbkdpth md ejs dskudejs md bdlhknh phr de gubmh, prnbknpjegdbtd phr ej bdkdsnmjm md fjkdr bdlhknhs khb Durhpj. Ehs dstjmhubnmdbsds vdçjb j ehs dgprdsjrnhs durhpdhs khgh jgjtdurs jgjtdurs,, jodrrjmhs j gîthmhs h`shedths md prhmukknûb, khgdrknjenzjknûb y ub snstdgj khbtj`ed dxkdsnvjgdbtd khgpedch. J su vdz, de lh`ndrbh odmdrje bhrtdjgdrnkjbh dgpndzj j tdgdr qud dstd mdskhbtdbth khb ejs budvjs nbstntuknhbds durhpdjs pumndrj sdr kjpntjenzjmh phr ehs khgubnstjs, nbkenbjbmh ej `jejbzj j su ojvhr, ej mdknsnûb sd thgj3 ej `rdkfj mde gjbjlgdbt  dbtrd   dbtrd Dstjmhs Tbnmhs y Durhpj md`d sdr kdrrjmj. Jsç, mdbtrh mde pejb md rdkhbstrukknûb md Durhpj db :>49, mdbhgnbjmh ―Yejb Gjrsfjee‗, sd nbkeuydb

pjrtnmjs pjrj ej ghmdrbnzjknûb ejs kêtdmrjs jmgnbnstrjtnvjs, krdjknûb md ojkuetjmds, rdmds y hrljbnzjknûb, prhghvndbmh kfjrejs jmgnbnstrjtnvjs `jch ej prdgnsj qud ubj `udbj dmukjknûb db jmgnbnstrjknûb y ubj jetj prhmuktnvnmjm shb odbûgdbhs qud sd mdsjrrheejb cubths. Db ej sdlubmj gntjm mde snleh VV jrlugdbths y ghtnvjknhbds sngnejrds eedvjrhb je lh`ndrbh dstjmhubnmdbsd j prhghvdr ej dxpjbsnûb md dstjs kêtdmrjs db Jsnj y Ejtnbhjgîrnkj. Ydrh md`nmh j ej gjmurdz jekjbzjmj db dstd tnph md dmukjknûb sd j`jbmhbû ej nbtdrvdbknûb mnrdktj y de rhe oud thgjmh phr nbstntuknhbds md rdbhg`rd khgh Fjrvjrm qud jktnvjgdbtd `uskj shknhs db de dxtrjbcdrh, dxtrjbcdr h, pjrj nbkdbtnvjr de jprdbmnzjcd md sus dstumnjbtds, kudrph mhkdbtd y jyumjr je mdsjrrheeh md ehs kurrçkuehs. ^j db :>69 ej Tbnûb Durhpdj sd dbkhbtrj`j prhghvndbmh mdsjrrheehs db jmgnbnstrjknûb db Kfnbj, Êornkj y jelubjs zhbjs md Ejtnbhjgîrnkj, Ejtnbhjgîrn kj, db dspdknje Jrldbtnbj. J dstd dsoudrzh sd sugû tjg`nîb de @jbkh Gubmnje fjkndbmh îbojsns db de hrndbtd gdmnh, de bhrtd md Êornkj y Ejtnbhjgîrnkj. Fjknj onbjeds mde snleh VV sd dstngj qud dxnstdb gês md >99 nbstntuknhbds hordkndbmh tçtuehs db jmgnbnstrjknûb md dgprdsjs h md bdlhknhs1 sheh db de júh 09:0 sd lrjmuj`jb gês md 0>;.4=4 jmgnbnstrjmhrds md dgprdsjs y gês md :069 sd krdjrhb ejs prngdrjs jshknjknhbds md prhodsnhbjeds md jmgnbnstrjknûb dbkjrljmjs md jsdlurjr, mdodbmdr y gjbtdbdr ehs nbtdrdsds prhpnhs md ej hkupjknûb. Db :>6: bjknû de Khbsdch Yrhodsnhbje md Jmgnbnstrjmhrds md Dgprdsjs, de kuje nbtdbtû sjtnsojkdr ejs bdkdsnmjmds md khbtrhe md ej tntuejknûb khb jyumj mde Dstjmh. Khb ej Edy ?9 md :>6:, de Lh`ndrbh Bjknhbje rdkhbhknû ej prhodsnûb db de pjçs y dstj`edknû ejs bhrgjs pjrj su dcdrknknh. (YPHKJM 099=) . 099=) .

¸Ejs dskudejs md jmgnbnstrjknûb pdrmndrhb su kjgnbh8 ―Ej ngprhvnsjknûb ds ej vdrmjmdrj pndmrj md thqud mde nbldbnh.‗ 

Ghenærd [dlób ej dbkudstj mde LGJK: db su vdrsnûb 09:;, de