Tesis 2 Logistica
July 9, 2022 | Author: Anonymous | Category: N/A
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Fmpätub` C Mitjfjgjitjs y `aojtcv`s Mitjfjgjitjs
Bms Wjrdcimbjs gj F`itjijg`rjs sj gjsmrr`bbmr`i ji hcimbjs gj b`s mý`s 85, f`d` s`bufcöi m bm dmscvm mfjptmfcöi gjb f`itjijg`r f`d` djgc` gj trmisp`rtj dmrätcd`, fmyjig` ji bm ijfjscgmg p`rtumrcm gj f`itmr f`i cistmbmfc`ijs f`dpjtjitjs pmrm jb mbdmfjimdcjit` y dmicpubmfcöi gj f`itjijg`rjs y jb fmrluä`/gjsfmrluä` gj auqujs p`rtmf`itjijg`rjs, js msä f`d` ji b`s mý`s , píl. =). Gjsgj ui puit` gj vcstm `pjrmtcv`, uim tjrdcimb gj f`itjijg`rjs pujgj sjr jitjigcgm f`d` ui scstjdm citjlrmg` p`r vmrc`s suascstjdms, f`i f`ijxcöi häscfm y gj cih`rdmfcöi f`i bms rjgjs gj trmisp`rtj tjrrjstrjs y dmrätcdms. B`s suascstjdms s`i? =. Jb suascstjdm gj mbdmfjimdcjit` i`rdmbdjitj `fupm bm dmy`r pmrtj gj bm supjrhcfcj gj bm tjrdcimb y su huifcöi js bm gj gjpösct` tjdp`rmb gj bms djrfmifäms, pjrdctcjig` rjlubmrczmr
xcv Jb prcdjr Fmpätub` sj nm gjgcfmg` m bm gjsfrcpfcöi gjb pbmitjmdcjit` gjb pr`yjft` g`igj sj jifujitrm b`s mitjfjgjitjs, pbmitjmdcjit` gjb pr`abjdm gj civjstclmfcöi, `aojtcv`s, oustchcfmfcöi gjb pr`yjft` p r`yjft` y jb dmrf` djt`g`bölcf` gj bm civjstclmfcöi. Jb Vjluig` Fmpätub` sj gjsmrr`bbm jb Dmrf` Qjhjrjifcmb, g`igj sj gjsfrcaj bm Ubmtmh`rdm B`lästcfm Dubtcd`gmb gjb Uujrt` Vjf` ji jb Gjpmrtmdjit` gj @rur`, g`igj sj gjsmrr`bbm g jsmrr`bbm jb pr`yjft`. Ji jb Wjrfjr Fmpätub` gjgcfmg` mb Dmrf` Wjörcf`, jb fumb f`istm gj amsjs am sjs tjörcfms y f`ifjptumbjs gj tãrdci`s y huigmdjit`s pmrm jb pr`yjft`. Jb Fumrt` Fmpätub` dujstrm ui miíbcscs gjb f`itjxt` b`lästcfm mftumb vcifubmg` mb dmijo` gj f`itjijg`rjs. Ji jb ]ucit` fmpätub` gjgcfmg` mb gcsjý` gj bm ljstcöi gj bm Wjrdcimb gj F`itjijg`rjs p`r b`s icvjbjs jstrmtãlcf`, tíftcf` y `pjrmtcv`. U`r ÿbtcd`, jb Vjxt` Fmpätub` gjsfrcaj b`s f`st`s cifurrcg`s ji bm cdpbjdjitmfcöi gj bm tjrdcimb gj f`itjijg`rjs y b`s f`st`s b`lästcf`s p`r f`itjijg`rjs mbdmfjimg` gjitr` bm Wjrdcimb. Hcimbdjitj, prjsjitmfcöi gj rjsubtmg`s, bms f`ifbusc`ijs, mp`rtmfc`ijs y rjf`djigmfc`ijs rjf `djigmfc`ijs gj civjstclmfcöi. F`ifbuyjig` f`i bms rjhjrjifcms acabc`lríhcfms quj nmi scg` fctmgms m b` bmrl` gjb pr`yjft` gj lrmg`.
xccc Jb citjrãs gjb prjsjitj jstugc` rjfmj p`r bm ijfjscgmg gj f`itmr f`i ui írjm jspjfcmbczmgm ji jb dmijo` gj f`itjijg`rjs f`itjij g`rjs ji bm rjlcöi `ffcgjitmb gj A`bcvcm, dís jspjfähcf` ji jb gjpmrtmdjit` gj @rur`, g`igj jxcstj ui lrmi d`vcdcjit` gj f`itjijg`rjs y fmrlm ji ljijrmb, scjig` gj ijfjscgmg prc`rctmrcm pmrm jb gjsmrr`bb` gj bms `pjrmfc`ijs gj f`djrfc` jxtjrc`r gj b`s nmactmitjs gj bm fcugmg y bm rjlcöi. Jb prjsjitj trmamo` sj prjsjitm f`d` uim pr`pujstm pmrm citjlrmr jb pr`yjft` gj bm Ubmtmh`rdm B`lästcfm Dubtcd`gmb gjb Uujrt` Vjf` ji jb Gjpmrtmdjit` Gjpmrt mdjit` gj @rur`, f`d` uim tjrdcimb jspjfcmbczmgm ji f`itjijg`rjs, ji rjspujstm mb iudjr`s` y frjfcjitj tríhcf` gj f`itjijg`rjs quj trmisctm p`r jb Gjpmrtmdjit` gj @rur` y bm rjlcöi, quj ijfjsctmi rjmbczmr `pjrmfc`ijs b`lästcfms gjgcfms m f`itjijg`rjs. F`i jb pmi`rmdm gjsfrct`, jb g`fudjit` prjsjitm jb gjsmrr`bb` gjb Ur`yjft` gj Lrmg` gj Ubmtmh`rdm B`lästcfm Dubtcd`gmb gjb , f`d` pr`pujstm y p`scabj cdpbjdjitmfcöi pmrm ui djo`r dmijo` b`lästcf` gj f`itjijg`rjs gjitr` bm Ubmtmh`rdm b`lästcfm f`i bm cifbuscöi gj bm ljstcöi gj uim Wjrdcimb gj F`itjijg`rjs, mf`rgj m bms ijfjscgmgjs b`lästcfms rjqujrcgms p`r jb f`djrfc` jxtjrc`r gj A`bcvcm, f`istctucg` m mbfmizmr bm f``rgcimfcöi y mrtcfubmfcöi jitrj bms `pjrmfc`ijs gj bm Wjrdcimb gj F`itjijg`rjs y bms huifc`ijs mgumijrms gjitr` bm Ubmtmh`rdm, gj jstm dmijrm pujgm f`itrcaucr m ui djo`r dmijo` b`lästcf` y `rlmiczmtcv` gjb rjfcit` mgumijr`. Bm ljstcöi b`lästcfm gj bm Wjrdcimb gj F`itjijg`rjs sj gcsjýö ji amsj m trjs icvjbjs gj pbmichcfmfcöi? jstrmtãlcf`, tíftcf` y `pjrmfc`imb. Bm tjrdcimb gj f`itjijg`rjs f`istctucrí ui scstjdm citjlrmg` p`r trjs suascstjdms b`s fumbjs s`i? suascstjdm gj Fmrlm/Gjsfmrlm, suascstjdm gj Mbdmfjimdcjit` y suascstjdm gj Citjrf`ijxcöi, b`s fumbjs sj gjsfrcacríi ji sjcs Fmpätub`s y trjs Mijx`s quj f`istctuyj jb prjsjitj pr`yjft` gj lrmg`.
xcc
Citr`guffcöi
N`y ji gäm jxcstji gcvjrs`s dãt`g`s y pr`fjgcdcjit`s pmrm mbfmizmr djtms ` hcijs pr`pujst`s, ji j i t`g` tcp` gj írjms. Gjitr` jstms dÿbtcpbjs dÿbt cpbjs tãficfms tãfi cfms quj sj nmi jstugcmg`, bms quj qu j `hrjfji dmy`rdjitj rjsubtmg`s jhcfcjitjs, s`i bms quj sj gjsmrr`bbmi djgcmitj d`gjb`s gj ljstcöi. Bm ljstcöi f`iscstj ji jdpbjmr mffc`ijs, mffc`i js, pr`fjgcdcjit`s, rjsp`ismacbcgmgjs y r`bjs s`arj ui f`iouit` gj mftcvcgmgjs y rjfurs`s, f`i tjigjifcm gj mpr`vjfnmr mb díxcd` gcfn`s rjfurs`s, `atjicjig` `atjicji g` rjsubtmg`s rjsubtmg`s jhcfcjitjs jhcfcjitjs (Nujrl`, (Nujrl`, 15=3, píl. 1). Jst`s d`gjb`s pujgji sjr mpbcfmg`s mpbcfmg`s ji gcvjrsms írjms ` pr`fjs`s, f`d` js ji jb fms` b`lästcf`. Bm ljstcöi b`lästcfm ausfm gjsmrr`bbmr pr`fjgcdcjit`s jhcfcjitjs ji mftcvcgmgjs gj dmijo` y hbuo` gj dmtjrcmbjs, f`d` js jb mamstjfcdcjit`, mbdmfjimdcjit`, dmijo`, f`itr`b f` itr`b y gcstrcaufcöi. Ji gcstcit` lrmg`, bms huifc`ijs gj b`lästcfm tmdacãi cifbuyji jb sjrvcfc` mb fbcjitj, jb sudcicstr` y mgqucscfcöi, bm pbmichcfmfcöi gj bm pr`guffcöi y jb jdambmoj y jismdabmoj. Bm ljstcöi gj b`lästcfm js pmrtj gj t`g`s b`s icvjbjs gj pbmichcfmfcöi y jojfufcöi
jstrmtãlcfm, `pjrmtcvm `pjrmtcvm y tíftcfm. Js uim
huifcöi citjlrmg`rm, quj f``rgcim t`gms bms mftcvcgmgjs b`lästcfms, y tmdacãi citjlrm mftcvcgmgjs b`lästcfms f`i `trms huifc`ijs, cifbuyjig` bm f`djrfcmbczmfcöi, bms vjitms gj pr`guffcöi, bms hcimizms y bm tjfi`b`läm gj bm cih`rdmfcöi. Ausfm prcifcpmbdjitj bm rjguffcöi gj f`st`s, dmxcdczmr bm fmbcgmg gj bm pr`guffcöi, jdpbjmr pr`fjs`s jhcfcjitjs y f`isjlucr uim jdprjsm f`dpjtctcvm (F`uifcb `h B`lcstcfs Dmimljdjit Ur`hjssc`imbs, 15=1). Jstj d`gjb` js mpbcfmabj ji t`g` tcp` gj írjm g`igj sj prmftcquj `pjrmfc`ijs b`lästcfms, f`d` js jb fms` gj bm prjsjitj civjstclmfcöi, g`igj sj ausfö gcsjýmr jstm tãficfm ji f`itjxt` pmrtcfubmr f`d` js jb gj uim Wjrdcimb gj F`itjijg`rjs pjrtjijfcjitj m ui rjfcit` b`lästcf` mgumijr`, g`igj sj rjmbczmríi `pjrmfc`ijs gj mbdmfjimdcjit` y dmicpubmfcöi gj f`itjijg`rjs, f`i bm jxpjftmtcvm gj `atjijr rjsubtmg`s jhcfcjitjs ji sus pr`fjs`s.
xc Ab`quj gj mbdmfjimdcjit` gj f`itjijg`rjs gj cdp`rtmfcöi. ................................. =86 =86 Ab`quj gj mbdmfjimdcjit` gj f`itjijg`rjs f`itjij g`rjs vmfä`s. ............................................... ........................................... .... =8: =8: Ab`quj gj mbdmfjimdcjit` gj f`itjijg`rjs rjhrcljrmg`s. ...................................... =88 =88 Ab`quj gj f`itjijg`rjs quj trmisp`rtmi djrfmifäms pjbclr`sms. ............................ =83 =83 Gcdjisc`ijs gj f`itjijg`rjs. ................................................................................. ........................................... ...................................... = = Wmabm :.=8. Gcmlrmdm Dubtcpr`guft`.......................................................................................... =>1 Wmabm :.=6 =>6 Wmabm :.=>. I`djifbmturm gj rjbmfcöi jitrj mftcvcgmgjs. ........................................................... ........................................ ................... =>7 =>7 Wmabm :.=3. Qjqujrcdcjit`s gj jspmfc` pmrm bms írjms. ........................................... ............................................................... .................... =>8 =>8 Wmabm :.15. Gjiscgmg gj mbdmfjimdcjit` ji WJZ/mý`. ............................................................. ........................................... .................. =33 =33 Wmabm :.1=. Fmitcgmg miumb gj bm tjrdcimb gj f`itjijg`rjs. ...................................................... 155 155 Wmabm :.11. Gcmlrmdm gj pr`fjs` gj `pjrmfc`ijs gj f`itjijg`rjs gj jxp`rtmfcöi. .................. 156 156 Wmabm :.16. Gcmlrmdm gj pr`fjs` gj `pjrmfc`ijs gj f`itjijg`rjs gj cdp`rtmfcöi. .................. 158 158 Wmabm :.17. Gcmlrmdm gj pr`fjs` gj `pjrmfc`ijs gj f`itjijg`rjs vmfä`s. ............................... 15> 15> Wmabm :.1:. D`vcdcjit` gj f`itjijg`rjs p`r y gäms gj jstm jstmgäm. gäm. ................................................ 1=1 1=1 Wmabm 8.=. F`st`s gj mf`igcfc`imdcjit` gj tjrrji` y tmbbjrjs. ................................................... 1=: 1=: Wmabm 8.1. F`st`s gj Jqucp`s gj mbdmfjimdcjit`. ..................................................................... ........................................... .......................... 1=8 1=8 Wmabm 8.6. F`st`s F `st`s gj jqucp`s gj dmicpubmfcöi. .......................................................................... ................................... ....................................... 1=8 1=8 Wmabm 8.7. Qjsudji gjb f`st` t`tmb gj civjrscöi. ....................................................................... 1=8 1=8 Wmabm :.==. Wmabm :.=1. Wmabm :.=6. Wmabm :.=7. Wmabm :.=:.
Wmabm 8.:. F`st`s F `st`s gj dmi` gj `arm. ............................................................................................ ..................................................... ....................................... 1=< Wmabm 8.8. F`st` gj dmitjicdcjit` gj g j jqucp`. ........................................................................... ..................................................... ...................... 1=> 1=> Wmabm 8. 1=> Wmabm 8.>. F`st` gj dmi` gj `arm............................................................................................... 1=3 1=3 Wmabm 8.3. F`st` F `st` gj f`isud` gj cisud`s pmrm b`s jqucp`s. jqu cp`s. ................................................ ....................................................... ....... 115 115 Wmabm 8.=5. Jstrufturm gj f`st`s gj bm tjrdcimb gj f`itjijg`rjs. .............................................. 11= 11= Wmabm 8.==. F`st` b`lästcf` p`r f`itjijg`r mbdmfjimg`. ........................................................... ........................................ ................... 111 111 Wmabm 8.=1. F`st`s gj mbdmfjimdcjit` p`r gäm. ......................................................................... 111 111 Wmabm 8.=6. F`st`s b`lästcf` gj mbdmfjimdcjit` gj f`itjijg`rjs gj jxp`rtmfcöi. ................... 116 116 Wmabm 8.=7. F`st`s b`lästcf` gj mbdmfjimdcjit` gj f`itjijg`rjs gj cdp`rtmfcöi. ................... 117 117 Wmabm 8.=:. F`st`s b`lästcf` gj mbdmfjimdcjit` gj f`itjijg`rjs gj g j trmisa`rg`. ..................... 11: 11: Wmabm 8.=8. F`st` b`lästcf` gj mbdmfjimdcjit` gj f`itjijg`rjs Xmfä`s. ................................. 118 118 Wmabm 8.=
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