Ternary Compounds

 

Ternary Compounds

 

Ternary Compounds Ternary compounds are those containing three different elements. (NaNO3, NH4Cl, etc.). The naming of ternary compounds involves the memorization of several positive and negative polyatomic ions, (two or  more atoms per ion), and adding these names to the element with which they combine. i.e., Sodium ion, Na1+ added to the nitrate ion, NO31-, to give the compound, NaNO3, sodium nitrate.

Binary rules for indicating the oxidation number of metals and for indicating the numbers of atoms present a are re followed. The polyatomic ions that should be learned are listed in a separate handout.

 

Phosphate PO43(PO )31P 4O

3- = 5+ 5+ 3@ 2- = 8@

? 

131Fluorine and oxygen oxygen are highly highly electronegative and will attract electrons very strongly strongly.. Generally, Generally, phosphorus phosphorus will be 3- oxidation state: however, however, when combining with oxygen, phosphorus will lose five electrons and take on a 5+ oxidation charge.

 

Poly Po lyat atom omic ic Ions Ions - Memo Memori rize ze Eight ³-  ATE¶s´ ATE¶s´ PO43-

«««««

phosphate phosph ATE

SO42-

«««««

sulfate sulf   ATE

CO3

2- ««««..

ClO31NO3

««««..

1- «««..«.

carbonate carbon ATE

Exceptions: NH41+

«««««

ammonium

OH1-

«««««

hydroxide hydroxide

CN1-

««««..

cyanide cyan ide

chlorate chlor   ATE nitrate nitr   ATE

 

Pattern to Memorizing Nomenclature XY ³-ide´

XYO4 ³per   ___ -ate ate´´ 1 more oxygen

XYO3 ate´´ ³-ate normal

XYO2 XYO ³-ite ite´´ 1 less oxygen

³hypo ___ -ite ite´´ 2 less oxygen

 

Polyatomic Ion: .

a group of atoms that stay together and have a single, overall charge

BrO41-

BrO31-

BrO21-

BrO1-

CO32-

CO22-

CO2-

ClO31-

ClO21-

ClO1-

IO31-

IO21-

IO1-

NO41-

NO31-

NO21-

NO1-

PO53-

PO43-

PO33-

PO23-

SO42-

SO32-

SO22-

less oxygen

2 less oxygen

Per brom bromate

ion

CO42ClO41IO41-

SO521

more oxygen

Bromate

Carbonate

Chlor a te ate

Iodate

te Bromi te

ion

ion

ion

ion

ate Nitr a te ion

Phosphate

Sulf ate ate

ion

ion

³normal´

1

ion

ypobrom bromi t  te   Hypo

ion

 

Polyatomic Ion: .

a group of atoms that stay together and have a single, overall charge

BrO41-

BrO31-

BrO21-

BrO1-

CO32-

CO22-

CO2-

ClO31-

ClO21-

ClO1-

IO31-

IO21-

IO1-

NO41-

NO31-

NO21-

NO1-

PO53-

PO43-

PO33-

PO23-

SO42-

SO32-

SO22-

less oxygen

2 less oxygen

Per brom bromate

ion

CO42ClO41IO41-

SO521

more oxygen

Bromate

Carbonate

Chlor a te ate

Iodate

Bromi te te

ion

ion

ion

ion

Nitr a te ion ate

Phosphate

Sulf ate ate

ion

ion

³normal´

1

ion

Hypo ypobrom bromi t  te  

ion

 

Ternary Compounds NaNO2

sodium nitr iite te

KClO3

potassium chlor a ate te

Ca3(PO4)2

calcium phosphate phosphate

Fe(OH)3

iron (III) hydroxide

NaHCO3

sodium bicarbonate bicarbonate µsodium hydrogen carbonate carbonate¶¶

 

Calcium hydroxide hydrox ide Ca2+

OH1-

CaOH2

H Ca - O H

vs.

Ca(OH)2

HO - Ca - OH

 

Common Polyatomic Ions Names

of Common Polyatomic Ions

Ion

Name

Ion

Name

NH4 1+ NO2 1NO3 1SO3 2SO4 2HSO4 1-

ammonium nitrite nitrate sulfite sulfate hydrogen sulfate

CO3 2HCO3 1-

OH 1CN 1PO4 3HPO4 2H2PO4 1-

(³bisulfate´ is a widely used common name) hydroxide cyanide phosphate hydrogen phosphate dihydrogen phosphate

ClO3 1ClO4 C2H3O2 2MnO4 1Cr2O  7 2CrO4 2O2 2-

ClO 1ClO2 1-

carbonate hydrogen carbonate (³bicarbonate´ is a widely used common name) hypochlorite chlorite

1-

Zumdahl, Zumdah l, Zumdahl, DeCoste, DeCoste, W orld of Chemistry Chemistry 2002, pa page ge 100

chlorate perchlorate acetate permanganate dichromate chromate peroxide

Print Version

 

Ternary Compounds 3(PO 1. ____Ca ___ ___4_)_2____

calcium phosphate

2. ____(NH ___4_)_2CO ___3____

ammonium carbonate

3. ____ Al __2_(SO ___4_)3_____

aluminum sulfate

4.

Na2SO4

sodium sulfate  ____________________ 

5.

LiCN

cyanide ____lithium ______ __________  

6.

Ba(ClO3)2

7. _____Cu(OH) ______2_____

barium chlorate  ____________________  copper (II) hydroxide

 

Magnesium Phosphate Step 1:

Magnesium

Step 2:

Mg2+

PO43-

Step 3:

Mg 3

(PO ) 2

Step 4:

Phosphate

Mg3(PO4)2

4

 

variable Ir 2+,3+,4+,6+

Ir 2F(Cr  3 2O7)3

iridium (III) dichromate fluoride

Ca (OH) S 2

calcium hydroxide sulfide

Ti (CrO S2 4)2

titanium (IV) chromate sulfide

variable Ti3+,4+

Pt (CH Cl2 3COO)2

platinum (II) acetate chloride

variable Pt2+,4+

Br 2 3)2 Ba(BrO

bromide barium bromate

fixed

Ba2+

Sr SO 3P2 4

phosphide strontium sulfate

fixed

Sr 2+

K CN F

potassium cyanide fluoride

fixed

K1+

Zn (NO I2 2)2 Mn (ClO Cl4 3)4

zinc nitrite Zn2+ fixed iodide manganese mangane se (IV) chlorate chloride variable Mn2,3,4,6,7+

 Au PO 2O34

gold (III) phosphate oxide

fixed

Ca2+

variable  Au1+,3+ 1+

3P 3 Na NO

sodium nitrate phosphide

fixed

Na

 

variable Ir 2+,3+,4+,6+

Ir F3

iridium (III) fluoride

Ca S

calcium sulfide

Ti S2

titanium (IV) sulfide

variable Ti3+,4+

Pt Cl2

platinum (II) chloride

variable Pt2+,4+

BaBr 2

barium bromide

fixed

Ba2+

Sr 3P2

strontium phosphide

fixed

Sr 2+

KF

potassium fluoride

fixed

K1+

Zn I2 Mn Cl4

zinc iodide Zn2+ fixed manganese mangane se (IV) chloride variable Mn2,3,4,6,7+

 Au 2O3

gold (III) oxide

fixed

Ca2+

variable  Au1+,3+ 1+

Na 3P

sodium phosphide

fixed

Na

 

variable Ir 2+,3+,4+,6+

Ir 2(Cr 2O7)3

iridium (III) dichromate

Ca (OH)2

calcium hydroxide

Ti (CrO4)2

titanium (IV) chromate

variable Ti3+,4+

Pt (CH3COO)2

platinum (II) acetate

variable Pt2+,4+

Ba(BrO3)2

barium bromate

fixed

Ba2+

Sr 3SO4

strontium sulfate

fixed

Sr 2+

K CN

potassium cyanide

fixed

K1+

Zn (NO2)2 Mn (ClO3)4

zinc nitrite Zn2+ fixed manganese mangane se (IV) chlorate variable Mn2,3,4,6,7+

 Au PO4

gold (III) phosphate

fixed

Ca2+

variable  Au1+,3+ 1+

Na NO3

sodium nitrate

fixed

Na

 

Two

nonmetals

carbon sulfur N NCl tetrabromide dichloride O 2

Multiple-charge cation

Everything else

niobiumMn Pt(IO (V) S perchlorate ) vanadium (II) chromate

rubidium sulfate barium NH KI ClO oxide

2

35

Greek prefixes

53 4

4

Roman

numeral for name only

3

Roman

numeral

Charge Polyatomic ions OK CrissCross R

ule

Roman

numeral

Polyatomic ions OK

Where would you file this? VCrO BaO

4

dinitrogen pentoxide platinum (IV) iodate

CBr 4

ammonium chlorate

Nb(ClO4)5

potassium iodide

SCl2

nitrogen trichloride

2

R b2SO4

manganese (V) sulfide

 

Two

nonmetals

Greek prefixes

Multiple-charge cation

Everything else

Roman

numeral for name only

Roman

numeral

Charge Polyatomic ions OK

CrissCross R

ule

Roman

numeral

Polyatomic ions

Where would you file this? VCrO BaO

dinitrogen pentoxide 4

platinum (IV) iodate

CBr 4

ammonium chlorate

Nb(ClO4)5

potassium iodide

SCl2

nitrogen trichloride

Rb2SO4

manganese (V) sulfide

 

Write the compound formed by the following followi ng ions: 1) Al3+ S22) Mg2+

PO43-

When a formula is given«write the proper na name. me. When a name is given«write the proper formula. f ormula. 3) BaO 4) lithium bromide 5) Ni2S3 6) triphosphorus heptoxide 7) N2O5 8) molybdenum (VI) nitride Write the total number of atoms that make up each compound. 9) trinitrotoluene (TNT)« CH3C6H2(NO2)3 10) phosphoric acid H3PO4 Extra credit: What is the formula for plumbic for plumbic iodide? (Hint: lead is Pb2+ or Pb4+)

 

Write the compound formed by the following followi ng ions: 1) Al3+ S22) Mg2+

PO43-

When a formula is given«write the proper na name. me. When a name is given«write the proper formula. f ormula. 3) BaO 4) lithium bromide 5) Ni2S3

POP

6) triphosphorus heptoxide 7) N2O5

8) molybdenum (VI) nitride Write the total number of atoms that make up each compound.

QUIZ

9) trinitrotoluene (TNT)« CH3C6H2(NO2)3 10) phosphoric acid H3PO4

Extra credit: What is the formula for plumbic for plumbic iodide? (Hint: lead is Pb2+ or Pb4+)

 

Write the compound formed by the following followi ng ions: 1) Al3+ S22) Mg2+

PO43-

Answer Key aluminum sulfide

magnesium magn esium phosp phosphate hate

When a formula is given«write the proper na name. me. When a name is given«write the proper formula. f ormula. 3) BaO

LiBr  nickel (III) sulfide

5) Ni2S3

P3O7

6) triphosphorus heptoxide

dinitro dini trogen gen pent pentoxid oxide e

8) molybdenum (VI) nitride Write the total number of atoms that make up each compound. 9) trinitrotoluene (TNT)« CH3C6H2(NO2)3 10) phosphoric acid H3PO4

Mg3(PO4)2

barium oxide

4) lithium bromide

7) N2O5

 Al2S3

MoN2 21 8

Extra credit: What is the formula for plumbic for plumbic iodide? (Hint: lead is Pb2+ or Pb4+) PbI4

 

Poly Po lyat atom omic ic Ions Ions - Quiz Quiz C2O42-

«««««

oxalate

CrO42-

«««««

chromate

Cr 2O72-

««««..

dichromate

MnO41-

««««..

permanganate

CH3COO1-

««.

acetate

 

Ex ceptions!  ceptions!  Two exceptions to the simple simple ±ide  ±ide ending are the diatomic oxide ions, O22- and O21-. O22- is called peroxide

Note the differences.

O21- is called superoxide. barium oxide barium peroxide

BaO __________  BaO2 __________ 

sodium sodium oxide peroxide

2 __________  Na Na2O O2 __________ 

potassium oxide potassium superoxide

K2O __________  KO2 __________ 

Ba2+

Na1+

Do Not

K1+

Reduce to lowest terms!

 

Ionic Compounds: Polyatomic Ions Ionic Ion ic Compo Compound unds: s: Poly Polyato atomic mic Ion Ions s

Ionic Ion ic Compo Compound unds: s: Poly Polyato atomic mic Ion Ions s Polyatomic Ions Grid to Memoriz Memorize e Chart of the Ions and Polyatomic Ions

K eys eys

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Ionic Binary Compounds: Multiple-Charge Cations Ionic Binary Compoun Compounds: ds: Multipl Multiple-Char e-Charge ge Cation Cations s

Ionic Binary Compoun Compounds: ds: Multipl Multiple-Char e-Charge ge Cation Cations s

K eys eys

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Naming Chemical Compounds Binary Compound?

No

Polyatomic ions present?

No

This is a compound for which naming procedures have not yet been considered. Zumdahl, Zumdah l, Zumdahl, DeCoste, DeCoste, W orld of Chemistry Chemistry 2002, pa page ge 102

Yes

Use the strategy summarized earlier 

Yes

Name the compound using procedures similar  to those for naming binary ionic compounds.

 

Oxidation Numbers and Ionic Compounds

Oxidation Numbers and Ionic Compounds

Oxidation Numbers and Ionic Compounds

K eys eys

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Names and Formulas of Compounds Names and Formulas of Compounds

Names and Formulas of Compounds

K eys eys

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