Terms of Contract Slides
July 25, 2022 | Author: Anonymous | Category: N/A
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DH\ JF @JKW_H@W @JKWIKWP JF @JKW_H@W
@JKWIKWP/WI_CP JF @JKW_H@W NKW_JGY@WNJK H Qirsjktei iktirs risthurhkt hkg sncpdy shys, —h `up jf tih, pdihsi– h whntir jr tei ousnkiss prjprnitjr h``ipts jir nktj hkg hh `jktrh`t `jcis nktj ixnstik`i. Xuisjk= \nte yjur bkjwdigli jf Wircs jf `jktrh`t ixpdhnk weht tei siktik`i nk tei qujthjk cihks hkg weht hri tei tenkls teht ehs kjt oiik shng out ixpi`tig: •
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\eik phris `jktrh`t, teiy ix`ehkli prjcnsis hkg `irthnk rnlets hkg jodnlhjks hrnsi jut jf tei ix`ehkli jf prjcnsis. Weisi rnlets hkg jodnlhjks hri tei tircs jf tei `jktrh`t. Wei tircs chy oi ixpriss jr ncpdnig. @jktikts jr tircs jf `jktrh`t rifirs tj tei s`jpi jf jodnlhjks hssucig oy tei `jktrh`kl phris. Wens nkvjdvis tei `jksngirhjk jf vhrnjus fh`tjrs oy tei `jurt wnte tei hnc jf hs`irthnknkl tei nktikjk jf tei `jktrh`kl phris. Weus hphrt frjc tei ixpriss tircs, wrnik jr jrhd, nt chy oi ki`isshry tj ncpdy tircs nktj tei `jktrh`t sj hs tj lnvi nt h ousnkiss i`h`y.
Nk tei hojvi s`ikhrnj, teiri ns h `jktrh`t wnte jki ixpriss tirc2 teht tih sejudg oi prjvngig. Nk hggnjk, ejw-ivir, h kucoir jf ncpdnig tircs hri ukgirstjjg hkg thbik fjr lrhktig oy tei phris ivik tejule kjt ixprissdy sthtig2 teht tei tih wndd oi ejt hkg frisedy chgi, hkg cndb hkg sulhr wndd oi hvhndhodi. Wircs su`e hs teisi hri ncpdnig oy weht ns `ustjchry. Nf fjr ixhcpdi, Dicjk tih whs riqunrig, tens wjudg kjt oi usuhd hkg hk ixpriss tirc sthkl tei riqunricikt wjudg oi ki`isshry.
NKW_JGY@WNJK NJK @JKW @JKW.. NKW_JGY@W
Pjci tircs hri rilhrgig hs fukghcikthd tircs, sjci hri cnkjr tircs wendi sjci chy oi siik hs dynkl oitwiik tei twj. Nk sjci `hsis hdsj, gnsk`jk ns chgi oitwiik tei `jktrh`t hkg ciri riprisikthjk. Enlednlet jf tei suo-tjpn`s tj oi prisiktig. (h) Ixpriss Wircs hkg Qhrjd Ivngik`i _udi (o) Ncpdnig tircs (`) Wircs hkg Ciri _iprisikthjk (g) @jddhtirhds @jktrh`ts (i) Khturi hkg ii`t jf @jktrh`tuhd Wircs (f) Ix`dusnjk hkg Dncnthjk @dhusi
Ixpriss Wircs hkg tei Qhrjd Ivngik`i _udi Ixpriss tircs hri tejsi teht hri spi`n`hddy cikjkig cikjkig hkg hlriig upjk oy tei phris. Weisi `jksnst jf jrhd jr wrnik sthticikt chgi oy tei phris. Nf tei `jktrh`t ns jrhd, nts tircs jr `jktikts cust oi isthodnseig oy ivngik`i hs h quisjk jf fh`t. Nf nt ns wejddy nk wrnkl, tei rudi ns teht ixtrnksn` ivngik`i wndd kjt oi hgcnig tj `jktrhgn`t tei wrnik gj`ucikt. Wens rudi ns bkjwk hs tei Qhrjd ivngik`i rudi hs sthtig oy tei `jurt jf hppihd nk Peitchrn v. Kwjbjyi Wei Qhrjd ivngik`i rudi ns h `jktrh`t dhw gj`trnki teht privikts phris tj h wrnik `jktrh`t frjc prisikkl —ixtrnksn`– ivngik`i jf tircs nk h `jktrh`t teht `jktrhgn`t, cjgnfy, jr vhry tei tircs jf h wrnik hlriicikt , weik teht wrnik hlriicikt ns `jksngirig `jcpditi hkg khdnzig. Fjr ixhcpdi, nk h gnsputi jvir tei shdi jf h ejci, nf tei ouyir hkg siddir ehvi snlkig h wrnik `jktrh`t fjr tei shdi jf h ejci hkg ehvi wrnik gjwk teht tei shdi prn`i ns #91,111,111.11 , tei ouyir wndd oi ohrrig frjc nktrjgu`nkl ivngik`i jf h gns`ussnjk teht ei ehg wnte tei siddir weiri sei hlriig tj sidd nt tj enc fjr #71,111,111.11. Wei Qhrjd ivngik`i rudi `hk oi sncpdnig hs —tei jutsngi ivngik`i rudi.– Qhrjd ivngik`i `hkkjt oi usig weiri teiri ns h wrnik `jktrh`t. Qhrjd ivngik`i `hk oi jteir wrnik hlriicikt, wrnik prjcnsis, jrhd hlriicikts hkg gns`ussnjks prnjr tj khdnsnkl tei wrnik `jktrh`t.
Ixpriss tircs `jkt. Ejwivir tei Qhrjd ivngik`i rudi ns suomi`t tj tei fjddjwnkl ix`ipjks (teht ns Qhrjd ivngik`i chy oi hgcnig nk tei fjddjwnkl sntuhjk)= (h) Wj isthodnse dh`b jf `jksiksus hg ngic (ciikl jf tei cnkg) = eiri tei hrlucikt ns teht oy vntui jf cnsthbi jr nk`hph`nty jr cnsriprisikthjk jr kjk- pirfjrchk`i jf h `jkgnjk pri`igikt, hcjkl jteirs, teiri ns kj vhdng jr onkgnkl `jktrh`t. `jktrh`t. Nk tei `hsi jf _hfis v. \n`eidehus, weiri h `ustjcir `jkth`tig h suppdnir fjr h senpcikt jf ljjg fjr J`tjoir out tei suppdnir cnsthbikdy gidnvirig nk Gi`icoir. Wei `ustjcir rifusig tj chbi phycikt. (o) Wj isthodnse @ustjc jr Yshli= Qhrjd ivngik`i chy hdsj oi hgcnig fjr tei purpjsi jf isthodnsenkl h `ustjc jr trhgi usihli. Nk tei `hsi jf Jyikulh v. Nkirkhjkhd @jcpuirs (Knlirnh) Dg . \eiri Knlirnhk Nkstuti jf `ehrtirig Hr`enti`t (KNH) pir`ikthli jf 0% whs hwhrgig tj tei Qdhnk/@dhnchkt Qdhnk/@dhn chkt jk tei ohsns jf ncpdnig tirc jf trhgi ushli whs upeidg oy tei suprici `jurt. Ejwivir, phrjd ivngik`i jf `ustjc jr ushli wndd kjt oi hgcnig weiri tei ii`t ns tj `jktrhgn`t tei ixpriss nktiksnjk jf tei phris. (`) Jrhd hkg wrnik @jktrh`t= weiri h `jktrh`t ns phrtdy wrnik hkg jrhd . (g) @jddhtirhd hlriicikt= H `jktrh`t jf prjcnsi tj hlrii jk tei chnk `jktrh`t.
Ixpriss tircs `jkt. (i) Wj risjdvi phtikt Hconlunty= ixtrnksn` ivngik`i chy oi hgcnig tj risjdvi hk hconlunty nk tei `jktrh`t. Dhkluhli wnte cjri tehk jki cihknkl. Peitchrn v. Kwjbjyi, weiri h dihsi hlriicik `jktrh`t. whs grhig ou phr j ei wrnik hlriicik `jkrhgn` ei nkikjk j ei dissjr. dissjr. H dihsi hlriicik `jccik`ig nk J`joir, 8>5? wne nknhd phycik hkg phris hlriig eh suosiquik phycik oi chgi nk h yihr y ihr hkg ehd hir ei nknhd phycik phyc ik wen`e wndd oi Chr`e, 8>57. Wei `jkik j ei hlriicik rihgs —–eh ns hoju Muki, 8>57.– Wei `jur `dihrig ei hconluny nk ens `hsi oy shkl eh ei nkikjk j ei phry ns Chr`e, 8>57 hs hlhnks Muki, 8>57 wrnik nk ei `jkrh`.
NCQDNIG WI_CP Ncpdnig tircs hri tejsi kjt spi`nig out ncpdnig. Wei ncpjrthk`i jf ncpdnig tircs stics frjc tei fh`t teht ixpriss tircs chy kjt ki`isshrndy sthti iviry githnd jf tei nktikjk jf tei phris nk iktirnkl nktj tei `jktrh`t. Hggnjkhd tircs chy oi ncpdnig sj hs tj ciit tei nktikjks jf tei phris. Ixhcpdi ns jur rst s`ikhrnj (tei `ustjcir wej jrgirig h `up jf tih). Hphrt frjc tei ixpriss tircs, jteir tircs chy oi ncpdnig nktj tei `jktrh`t tj lnvi nt h ousnkiss i`h`y riqunrig fjr h prjpir gns`ehrli jf tei `jktrh`tuhd ixpi`thjks. Pu`e tircs chy oi ncpdnig= (h) weiri `ustjc jr trhgi prh``i nkgn`hti teht su`e h tirc whs nktikgig2 (o) weiri h tirc ns ncpdnig oy sthtuti2 (`) weiri h tirc ns ncpdnig oy tei `jurt. (h) oy @ustjc=oitwiik Wrhgi `ustjc hkg ushliphris. cust oiWei thbik nktj nk gi`ngnkl jk teiWircs tjthdntyNcpdnig jf tei hlriicikt tei `jktrh`kl `hsi jf `jksngirhjk Jyikulh v. Nktirkhjkhd @jcputirs (Knlirnh) Dtg ns h ljjg ixhcpdi eiri. @ustjc wndd kjt oi ncpdnig weiri nt ehs oiik ix`dugig oy tei phris ixprissdy jr ncpdnigdy. Pu`e `ustjc sejudg oi hk isthodnsig jki. @ustjc `hkkjt oi hgcnig tj gistrjy tei ixpriss nktikjk jf tei phris out nt `hk hgg tj nt.
NCQDNIG WI_CP @JKW. (o) Ncpdnig Wircs oy Pthtuti= Wircs ncpdnig oy sthtuti hri tj oi fjukg chnkdy nk tei Phdi jf Ljjgs H`t. 85>0 si`jks 8? tj 89. Weiri hri vi chnk ncpdnig `jkgnjks khcidy= (h) Ncpdnig `jkgnjk hs tj tdi P 8?(8)= h siddir jf ljjgs ncpdnis oy tei h`t jf shdi teht ei ehs tei rnlet tj sidd tei ljjgs inteir hs tei jwkir jr hs hk hutejrnsig hlikt. (o) Ncpdnig `jkgnjk teht ljjgs sjdg oy gis`rnpjk wndd `jrrispjkg wnte tei shcpdi hs widd hs wnte tei gis`rnpjk hs `jkhnkig nk P. 80 j ei Phdi j Ljjgs H`. Ixhcpdi j ens hri ljjgs ojule jk sj`nhd cignh.
Pi`jk 87 jf tei Phdis jf Ljjgs H`t `jkthnks twj ncpdnig `jkgnjks hs fjddjws= (`) Ncpdnig `jkgnjk hs tj cir`ehkt cir`ehkthodi hodi quhdnty hkg (g) Ncpdnig @jkgnjk hs tj tkiss fjr purpjsi Weisi twj ncpdnig `jkgnjk hojvi prjvngi ix`ipjks tj tei likirhd rudi ixprissig nk tei Dhk chxnc @hviht Icptjr(Dit tei ouyir oiwhri) (i) Ncpdnig `jkgnjk hs tj shcpdi hs prjvngig fjr oy P.89 jf tei Phdi jf Ljjgs H`t. 85>0.
NCQDNIG WI_CP @JKW. (`) Ncpdnig Wircs oy @jurt= H tirc chy sjcicis oi ncpdnig oy tei `jurt jk tei lrjukg teht nt ns h tirc wen`e tei phris wjudg ehvi ixprissdy nk`dugig nk teinr `jktrh`t nf teiy ehg tejulet hojut nt. Ejwivir, tei prnchry fuk`jk jf tei `jurt ns tj nktirprit tei nktikjk jf tei hris hs ixprissig nk tei `jktrh`t hkg kjt tj wrnti nt fjr tei. Hdtejule, h tirc chy oi ncpdnig tj lnvi tei `jktrh`t nts ousnkiss i`h`y ukgir tei `nr`ucsthk`is weiri tei ixpriss tircs gj kjt rivihd tei trui nktik nktikjk jk jf tei phris. Wei `hsi jf Jyikulh v. Nkirkhjkhd @jcpuir (Knlirnh) Dg. Ldhkvnddi wnddnhcs ngikig tei fjddjwnkl tircs teht chy oi ncpdnig oy tei `jurts= (h) Wircs teht tei phris prjohody ehg nk cnkg out gng kjt ixpriss. Nt cust oi tircs teht wikt wntejut shvnkl, h tirc ki`isshry tj lnvi ousnkiss siksi tj tei `jktrh`t. (o) H tirc chy oi ncpdnig, rilhrgdiss jf weht tei phris ehg nk cnkg, tj h`enivi fhnrkiss jr hs h chir jf pjdn`y. H``jrgnkl tj Djrg Gikknkl, tircs hri ncpdnig oy tei `jurt oi`husi teiy hri must hkg rihsjkhodi kjt oi`husi tei phris ehg hlriig tj teic inteir ixprissdy jr ncpdnigdy. Fjr ixhcpdi, h tirc ns ncpdnig weiri kj ci ns spi`nig nk tei `jktrh`t, teht nt oi pirfjrcig wntenk h rihsjkhodi ci.
WI_CP HKG CI_I _IQ_IPI _IQ_IPIKW KWH HWNJK Nk tei ivikt jf h gnsputi jr hk hddilig orih`e jf `jktrh`t, nt chy oi`jci ncpirhvi tj isthodnse weiteir h phr`udhr sthticikt whs h tirc jf tei `jktrh`t jr h ciri riprisikthjk. Wei gnsk`jk ns ncpirhvi sj hs tj hs`irthnk weiteir h orih`e jf `jktrh`t ehs oiik `jccnig hkg nf sj, tei hpprjprnhti ricigy hvhndhodi. Wj gitircnki pri-`jktrh`tuhd sthticikt wen`e ns h tirc jf `jktrh`t jr ciri riprisikthjk, tei fjddjwnkl tists wndd oi `jksngirig= (h) Ht weht sthli jf tei trhksh`jk whs tei `ru`nhd sthticikt chgi: Qridncnkhry kiljhjk s hri kjt h``ipthodi out teiri hri ix`ipjks. (o) \hs tei hlriicikt rigu`ig tj wrnkl: Nf kjt wrnik teik nt ns h ciri riprisikthjk. Wens hs hdsj oiik ukridnhodi. (`) Pupirnjr bkjwdigli jf tei phrty= tens hs prjvig tj oi tei cjst usifud jf tei terii tists. Nk tei `hsi jf Pehwid v. _ihgi, tei sthticikt chgi oy h sthodi jwkir hojut tei ejrsi ei sjdg whs thbik tj oi h tirc jf `jktrh`t. Wens whs oi`husi tei sthodi jwkir ns hk ixpirt.
@JDDHWI_HD WI_HD @JKW_H@ @JKW_H@WP WP @JDDH
H @jddhtirhd `jktrh`t ns gikig hs h `jktrh`t weiri tei phris tj jki `jktrh`t iktir nktj jr prjcnsi tj iktir nktj hkjteir `jktrh`t. Nt ns h prjcnsi wen`e ns kjt h tirc jf `jktrh`t. Ejwivir, wntejut tei chnk `jktrh`t, nt prjpirdy wjudg kjt ehvi ixnstig. Nk hkjteir wjrg, h `jddhtirhd `jktrh`t ns nkgipikgikt hkg siphrhti frjc out ridhtig tj jr nk hggnjk tj tei chnk `jktrh`t. Weht teiri chyoi h `jktrh`t tei `jksngirhjk fjr wen`e ns tei chbnkl chbnkl jf sjci jteir `jktrh`t. i.l. —nf yju chbi h `jktrh`t N wndd lnvi yju K811,111.11 ns nk iviry siksi h `jktrh`t.– Wj prjvi teht hk jrhd sthticikt ns `jddhtirhd tj tei chnk `jktrh`t, nt cust oi prjcnssjry hkg kjt h ciri riprisikthjk. Wens cihks teht tei pirsjk cust ehvi nktikgig tj prjcnsi sjcitenkl hkg kjt must chbi hk jpnknjk jr phssnkl `jccikt. H `jddhtirhd `jktrh`t ns usuhddy h snkldi tirc `jktrh`t, chgi nk `jksngirhjk jf tei phrty fjr wejsi oikit tei `jktrh`t jpirhtis hlriinkl tj iktir nktj tei prnk`nphd jr chnk `jktrh`t, wen`e sits jut hggnjkhd tircs ridhkl tj tei shci suomi`t chir hs tei chnk `jktrh`t. Nk tei `hsi jf Gi Dhsshddi v Lundgjrg ,tei phris kiljhtig h dihsi jf ejusi. Wei tikhkt siibs hk hssurhk`i (tei grhnk nk ljjg `jkgnjk) frjc tei dhkgdjrg oifjri snlknkl. Wei tircs jf tei dihsi whs hlriig oy ojte phris out tei tikhkt rifusig tj `jk`dugi tei gihd ukdiss ei ri`invi hk hssurhk`i teht tei grhnk ns nk jrgir. Wens hssurhk`i whs eidg tj oi h `jddhtirhd `jktrh`t. Wei dhkgdjrg hrluig teht teiy wiri nk jrgir, out nt turkig jut teht teiy wiri kjt nk jrgir hkg tei Qdhnk suig. Wei `jurt eidg teht tei riprisikthjk chgi oy tei dhkgdjrg hs tj tei grhnk oinkl nk ljjg jrgir whs h whrrhkty wen`e whs `jddhtirhd tj tei dihsi.
KH KHWY WY_I _I HK HKG G IF IFFI FI@W @W JF @J @JKW KW_H _H@W @WYH YHD D WI_CP Wei oist hpprjh`e ns tj `dhssnfy `jktrh`tuhd tircs nktj `jkgnjks hkg whrrhkis riprisikkl chmjr tircs hkg cnkjr tircs. Wejule teiri hri sjci tircs wen`e gj kjt t ihsndy nktj inteir jf tei twj trhgnjkhd gnvnsnjk bkjwk hs Nkkjcnkhti jr nktircignhti tircs. 8. @jkgnjks Wens rifirs tj h chmjr tirc jf tei `jktrh`t, orih`e jf wen`e wndd iktdi tei nkkj`ikt phrty tj ghchlis hs widd hs tj h ripugnhjk jf tei `jktrh`t. Weiri chy oi `jkgnjk pri`igikt jr `jkgnjk suosiquikt nk h `jktrh`t. H `jkgnjk pri`igikt ns h tirc teht cust oi fudddig oifjri h `jktrh`tuhd jodnlhjk thbis ii`t. Weiri chy oi kj `jktrh`t ht hdd ukd tei `jkgnjk ns fudddig. Fjr ixhcpdi nk `hsis nkvjdvnkl gnspjsnjk jf dhkg, teiri chy oi h perhsi —tens hlriicikt ns suomi`t tj tei h`qunsnjk jf tei `ir`hti jf j``uphk`y jk tei prjpirty prjpirty jk shdi– H `jkgnjk suosiquikt ns h `jkgnjk wen`e jpirhtis tj tircnkhti h phrty„s hosjduti prjcnsi tj pirfjrc. Fjr ixhcpdi, h dhw rc enris h ri`ikt dhw s`ejjd lrhguhti hkg kiwdy dn`iksig hjrkiy. Weinr `jktrh`t prjvngis teht tei rc„s rc„s jodnlhjk tj `jkkui icpdjycikt ns gns`ehrlig nf tei icpdjyii fhnds tj chnkthnk eir dn`iksi tj prh``i dhw.
KH KHWY WY_I _I HK HKG G IF IFFI FI@W @W JF @J @JKW KW_H _H@W @WYH YHD D ?. WI_CP \hrrhkis
H whrrhkty ns h spudhjk jr tircs jf tei `jktrh`t orih`e jf wen`e chy lnvi rnsi tj h `dhnc fjr ghchlis out kjt tj h rnlet tj rimi`t tei ljjgs hkg triht tei `jktrh`t hs ripugnhtig. \hrrhkty ns kjt h chmjr tirc jf `jktrh`t. 0. Nktircignhti jr Nkkjcnkhti Wircs Nktircignhti jr hnkkjcnkhti tircs nkkjcnkhti jf h `jktrh`tweik teht hri nk dncoj hkg hri oitwiik h `jkgnjk hkg whrrhkty. Htircs tirchri oi`jcis nt `hkt oi sejwk tehtsjciweiri nt ns h `jkgnjk jr whrrhkty. Nktircignhti jr nkkjcnkhti tircs hri `ehrh`tirnzig oy hk ixhcnkhjk jf tei ii`t jf h orih`e jf su`e h tirc rhteir tehk jk tei quhdnty jf tei tirc orjbik.
IUICQWNJK, IU@DYPNJK J_ DNCNWHWNJK @DHYPI Ixicpjk `dhusis hri jik icpdjyig nk sthkghrg fjrc `jktrh`t. Weisi hri `jktrh`ts jk sthkghrg tircs priphrig oy jki phrty hkg sit jut nk h prnktig fjrc wen`e `jktrh`kl phrty ns riqunrig tj h``ipt nk teinr ikrity wnte kj jppjrtuknty fjr kiljhjk. @jktrh`t fjr trhvids oy hnr jr ous, `hrrnhli jf ljjgs, icpdjycikt `jktrh`ts, nksurhk`i `jktrh`ts, `jccir`nhd shdis, iqunpcikt dihsnkl hkg enripur`ehsi `jktrh`t, ejtid sirvn`is, dhukgry sirvn`is. Nk tei spnrnt jf tei prnk`npdi jf friigjc jf `jktrh`t, ix`dusnjk `dhusis hri pirfi`tdy dilnchti hkg tei `jurts hri kjrchddy priphrig tj upejdg teinr vhdngnty. Weiri hri ejwivir `nr`ucsthk`is weiri tei `jurts wndd ejdg teht su`e `dhusis hri nkjpirhvi. Nk gjnkl tens teiy wndd usuhddy thbi nktj h``jukt tei ridhvi ohrlhnknkl pjwir jf tei phris, n.i. weiteir tei phris hri `jktrh`kl hs iquhds jr weiteir jki phrty ns nk h strjklir kiljhkl pjsnjk tehk tei pjteir. \eiri tei phris hri ukiquhd, tei `jurts ehvi oiik hodi tj rigriss tei ohdhk`i oy gividjpnkl strnklikt riqunricikts wen`e dncnt tei s`jpi hkg ii`v ii`vikiss ikiss jf ix`dusn ix`dusnjk jk `dhusis.
IUICQWNJK, IU@DYPNJK J_ DNCNWHWNJK @DHYPI @JKW. Weisi riqunricikts hri= (h) Wei gj`ucikt ridnig jk hs `jkthnknkl kj`i jf ix`dugnkl `dhusi cust oi h `jktrh`tuhd gj`ucikt. H gj`ucikt ns `jktrh`tuhd nf nt ns bkjwk tj `jkthnk `jktrh`tuhd tircs hs gnsk`t frjc shy h ri`inpt jr vju`eir. Nf tei phris bkiw teht tei `bit nssuig fjr h trhksh`jk whs nktikgig tj fjrc phrt jf tei `jktrh`t teik teiy wndd oi ojukg oy tei tircs prnktig jk Nt2 out nf tei `bit ns thbik fjr h ciri ri`inpt teik hky tircs prnktig jk nt wndd kjt oi onkgnkl upjk tei phris. Wei `hsi jf @ehpidjk v. Ohrry YG@ ns ns h viry ljjg ixhcpdi, tei @dhnchkt @dhnchkt nk tens `hsi enrig h gi`b `ehnr frjc Ohrry YG@ fjr usi jk tei oih`e. Weiri whs h kj`i jk tei oih`e kixt tj tei gi`b `ehnrs sthkl teht tei gi`b `ehnrs `judg oi enrig hs ?gjddhrs fjr terii ejur hkg hdsj —rispi`uddy riquistig– tei puodn` tj jothnk `bits nssuig oy tei `ehnr hikghkts. Wei @dhnchkt jothnkig h `bit hkg put nt nk ens pj`bit wntejut rihgnkl nt. Nk fh`t teiri whs hk ix`dusnjk `dhusi prnktig jk tei `bit ix`dugnkl tei `juk`nd„s dnhondnty fjr pirsjkhd nkmury `husig nk usnkl tei gi`b `ehnr. Wei @dhnchkt whs nkmurig weik ei sht jk tei `ehnr. Wei fhorn` jf tei gi`b `ehnr spdnt hwhy frjc tei frhci. Ei orjulet hk h`jk hlhnkst tei `juk`nd hkg teiy sjulet tj ridy jk tei ix`dusnjk `dhusi `jkthnkig nk tei `bit. Eidg= tei ix`dusnjk `dhusi whs kjt nk`jrpjrhtig nktj tei `jktrh`t. H rihsjkhodi pirsjk wjudg rilhrg tei `bit hs kjtenkl cjri tehk h ri`inpt hkg wjudg kjt ixpi`t nt tj `jkthnk `jktrh`tuhd tircs. Furteircjri,
IUICQWNJK, IU@DYPNJK J_ DNCNWHWNJK @DHYPI @JKW. Furteircjr Furteircjri, i, tei wjrgnkl jf tei kj`i sullistig teht h pirsjk `judg jothnk tei gi`b `ehnr hkg lit h `bit dhtir. Wei `jkstutig hk jir hkgtircs `jddi`kl wjudg tj h``ipthk`i. Nt wjudg kjt oi jpikig tjkj`i tei `juk`nd tj nktrjgu`i kiw hir tei tei `ehnr `jktrh`t ehghcjukt oiik fjrcig. (o) Kj`i Nf tei `jktrh`tuhd gj`ucikts ns kjt snlkig teik tei quisjk jf kj`is hrnsis. Pthkghrg tircs nk`dugnkl ixicpjk `dhusis hri prnktig jk h gj`ucikt Qjstig up jk pricnsis weiri tei `jktrh`t ns chgi jr ehkgig jr sikt oy jki phrty tj tei jteir. Nk su`e h `hsi tei `dhusi wndd oi nk`jrpjrhtig nktj tei `jktrh`t jkdy nf ht hdd oifjri tei `jktrh`t ns chgi tei phrty ridynkl jk tei ix`dusnjk `dhusi tjjb rihsjkhodi stip tj ornkl nt tj tei kj`i jf tei jteir phrty. Hk ixhcpdi jf tens ns tei `hsi jf Jddiy V. V. Chrdojrjule @jur dncnig , nk tens `hsi J ojjbs nk ht tei ri`ipjk gisb hk ejtidJsei wikt upoigrjjc, tj eir oigrjjc. teihkg whddeukl whs h kj`i ix`dugnkl dnhondntyWei fjr `jht djss jf stjdikjfhr`dis. di teik h `jht nk tei dj`b teiJk gjjr tei biy ht tei ri`ipjk. whs stjdik hkg ejtid sjulet tj ridy jk tei ix`ipjk `dhusi. Wei `jurt eidg teht tei ix`ipjk `dhusi gng kjt hvhnd tei ejtid oi`husi tei `jktrh`t whs chgi ht tei ri`ipjk gisbs hkg J jkdy shw tei kj`i dhtir. Nt whs teirifjri kjt phrt jf tei `jktrh`t. Ejwivir weiri tei phris ehvi oiik h``ustjcig tj gihdnkl wnte ih`e jteir tei `jurt chy nkfir kj`i.
IUICQWNJK, IU@DYPNJK J_ DNCNWHWNJK @DHYPI @JKW. (`) Pnlkhturi Wei likirhd rudi ns teht weiri h phrty snlks h gj`ucikts `jkthnknkl tei ix`ipjk `dhusi, tei phrty snlknkl ns ojukg oy teht `dhusi ivik tejule ei chy kjt ehvi rihg tei gj`ucikts. Out tei chbir jf tei gj`ucikt chy sdd oi giknig tei prjti`jk jf tei ix`ipjk `dhusi ukgir tei `nr`ucsthk`i, nf ei ehs cnsriprisiktig tei ii`t jf tei `dhusi tj tei jteir phrty. V. `eicn`hd `dihknkl hkg gyinkl @jcphky tei `dhnchkt tjjb h griss fjr `dihknkl. Pei Nk tei `hsi jf @uis V. whs lnvik h gj`ucikt tj snlk. Jk nkqunry hojut tei snlkn`hk`i jf tei gj`ucikt, sei whs tjdg oy tei hssnsthkt teht nt ixicptig tei `dihkirs frjc dnhondnty fjr ghchlis tj tei oihgs hkg siqunks. Nk fh`t tei gj`ucikt ixicptig tei `dihkir frjc dnhondnty fjr ―–hky ghchli– ejwivir hrnsnkl. Wei `jurt eidg teht tei hssnsthkt nkkj`iktdy ehg cnsriprisiktig tei ii`t jf tei gj`ucikt. Wei gifikghkt `judg kjt ridy jk tei ix`ipjk ix`ipj k `dhusi.
(g) Hconlunty Wei rudi ns teht hky hconlunty jr jteir gjuots nk hk ix`ipjk `dhusi, sehdd oi nktirpritig hlhnkst tei phrty siibnkl tj ridy upjk tei `dhusi.
IUICQWNJK, IU@DYPNJK J_ DNCNWHWNJK @DHYPI @JKW (i) Wenrg phrty
\eiri hk ix`ipjk `dhusi ns phrt jf tei `jktrh`t, nt `hkkjt oi nkvjbig tj prjtist h pirsjk wej ns kjt h phrty tj tei `jktrh`t. Fukghcikthd orih`e hkg ix`dusnjk `dhusis Nk tei `jkkujus hicpt tj `uro tei ix`issis ns nk tei usi jf ix`ipjk `dhusis, tei `jurt gividjpig h kiw gj`trnki. Wens whs tei gj`trnki jf fukghcikthd orih`e . H fukghcikthd orih`e ns h orih`e teht ns sj `iktrhd tj tei purpjsi jf tei `jktrh`t teht tei pirfjrchk`i rikgirig ns issikhddy gnirikt frjc teht prjcnsig. Wei `jurt gividjpig weht hppihrig tj oi h suosthkvi rudi jf dhw teht nf h phrty `jccnig h fukghcikthd orih`e jf ens `jktrh`t ei whs kjt iktdig tj ridy jk hky ix`ipjk `dhusi nk tei `jktrh`t.
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