Tercera Entrega

 

KHPH^@OÐI HP@DBC^< MD[OVC@OÐI UC^C @DI[OIXC^ D PXPUHIKH^ XI U^D@HPD C@CKHMO@D HI HB UDBO[H@IO@D J^CI@DBDMNOCID

OIP[O[X@OÐI XIOVH^PO[C^OC UDBO[Ï@IO@D J^CI@DBDMNOCID FC@XB[CK KH @OHI@OCP PD@OCBHP U^DJ^CMC KH BO@HI@OC[X^C HI @OHI@OCP PD@OCBHP

U^D_H@[D KH OOIVHP[OJC@OÐI IVHP[OJC@OÐI CUB CUBO@CKC O@CKC OO

U^HPHI[C7 AD^CBOC KHB PD@D^^D ND[H^D FBD^ÏW ‐ @ÐKOJD7 38335>;6>0

[X[D^C @C^DBOIC IOÓD

Phptohmnrh kh >53?

 

OI[^DKX@@OÐI Bc khshr`oði hs`dbcr hi @dbdmnoc hs cbcrmcith hi `dmpcrc`oði `di bds khmãs pcíshs kh Cmïro`c Bctoic y khb @cronh, ncstc `di `disubtcr oistotu`odihs kh `crã`thr ic`odicb `dmd hb Moiosthrod kh Hku`c`oði Ic`odicb h oithric`odicb `dmd bc XIHP@D, proi`opcbmhith hi bc  pdnbc`oði uiovhrsotcroc khb pcís, y hstd tcmnoïi bd hvokhi`ocmds so tci sdbd `dmpcrcmds bc `citokck kh hstukociths quh oio`ocmds ui prd`hsd c`ckïmo`d kh prhjrckd, `di bds quh ady hi kíc `ditoiucmds hsth prd`hsd fdrmctovd mdtovckds pdr csph`tds tcitd phrsdicbhs `dmd sd`ocbhs. Hstc  prdnbhmãto`c id sdbd `cusc cfh`tc`oði hi bcs phrsdics quh khshrtci soid hi hb hitdrid sd`ocb quh bds rdkhc, y c uic hs`cbc suphrodr sh vh cfh`tckc bc h`didmíc y bc pdbíto`c khb pcís. Hstd c phscr  kh quh hb Jdnohrid Ic`odicb mhkocith kofhrhiths pdbíto`cs kh oi`busoði y nohihstcr hstukocitob khb Moiosthrod kh Hku`c`oði Ic`odicb ac vhiokd pdiohikd frhid c bc prdnbhmãto`c y kosmoiuyhikd bcs tcscs kh khshr`oði hstukocitob, phrd quh cui csí id aci sokd pdbíto`cs quh acyci surtokd bds rhsubtckds hsphrckds. @di hb prhshith prdyh`td kh oivhstojc`oði cpbo`ckc prhthikhmds kcr c `did`hr quh bc khshr`oði hs`dbcr hi @dbdmnoc `distotuyh id sdbd uic prdnbhmãto`c hku`ctovc c `drtd pbczd, soid quh tcmnoïi c bcrjd pbczd sh vh cfh`tckd kh khscrrdbbd sd`ocb, h`diðmo`d y pdbíto`d khb pcís. Hsth trcncgd ids phrmotorã `did`hr pcsd c pcsd hb prd`hsd bc oivhstojc`oði h oikcjc`oði quh sh hfh`t÷c `di hstukociths uiovhrsotcrods khb Udbotï`io`d Jrci`dbdmnocid kh bc mdkcbokck kh hstukod vortucb khb prdjrcmc kh Bo`hi`octurc hi @ohi`ocs Pd`ocbhs, y c quohihs sh bhs hfh`t÷c uic hi`uhstc, sdnrh bcs `cuscs kh khshr`oði y/d mdtovc`odihs kh phrmcihi`oc hi hb prdjrcmc c`ckïmo`d, quohihs kh kh`o `okh khii `dit `dithst hstcr cr kh fd fdrm rmcc bo bonr nrhh y `d `difo ifokh khi`o i`ocb cb.. Hi hs hstc tc oi oivh vhst stoj ojc` c`oð oðii sh cpbo` cpbo`crã crãii bc bcss ahrrcmohitcs y `di`hptds cprhikokds hi hb Mðkubd kh Urdyh`td kh Oivhstojc`oði Cpbo`ckc O, pcrc

 

oivhstojcr, cicbozcr, hstcnbh`hr `cuscs y hfh`tds kh hstc prdnbhmãto`c y pdstubcr bcs pdsonbhs sdbu`odihs kh mhgdrc hi hsth ãmnotd.

GXP[OFO@C@ÐI

Hb prd`hsd c`ckïmo`d kh ui hstukocith oio`oc khskh sus promhrds códs kh oifci`oc, phrd ´@uãikd thrmoic4, hs kofí`ob khthrmoicr quh ui prd`hsd kh cprhikozcgh thrmoih `di hb sompbh ah`ad kh dnthihr ui jrckd d ui títubd c`ckïmo`d. Hsth prd`hsd hs `ditoiud y sh prdbdijc hi hb tohmpd c`uhrkd `di bcs `cpc`okckhs, mdtovc`odihs y fc`obokckhs quh hb hstukocith kh `ucbquohr  hkck thijc pcrc bbhvcr c foi uic c`tovokck c`ckïmo`c, csí mosmd y pdr bcs mosmcs rczdihs hsth  prd`hsd sh puhkh vhr trui`ckd trui`ck d y thrmoicr ciths kh tohmpd.

Hsth Hsth prdyh prdyh`t `tdd kh oi oivhs vhsto tojc jc`o `oði ði cp cpbo bo`c `ckc kc hs muy muy om ompd pdrt rtcit cithh pdrquh pdrquh id idss ph phrm rmot otor orãã khthrmoicr tcscs kh khshr`oði c`ckïmo`c kh uic pcrth hsph`ofo`c kh bc pdnbc`oði hstukocitob kh bc Oistotu`oði Xiovhrsotcroc Udbotï`io`d Jrci`dbdmnocid hi `dmpcrc`oði `di tcscs kh khshr`oði cicbozckcs pdr oistotu`odihs oithric`odicbhs `dmd bc XIHP@D, y ic`odicbhs `dmd hb Moiosthrod kh Hk Hku` u`c` c`oð oðii Ic Ic`o `odi dicb cb.. Csí Csí mo mosm smdd pr prht hthi hikh khmd mdss ok okhi hito tofo fo`c `crr `c `cus uscs cs y hf hfh` h`td tdss kh hs hstc tc  prdnbhmãto`c pcrc prdpdihr pdsonbhs sdbu`odihs kh mhgdrc quh jcrcito`hi ui mhgdr ffuturd uturd pcrc hb hstukocith, bc fcmoboc y bc sd`ohkck `dbdmnocic hi jhihrcb. Csí mosmd hsth trcncgd ids phrmotorã `did`hr iuhvds kctds kh uic pdnbc`oði c`ckïmo`c `di uics `crc`thrísto`cs hsph`ocbhs y pd`d hstukockcs, `dmd hs hb `csd kh bc khshr`oði d cncikdid c`ckïmo`d kh hstukociths khb mdkhbd kh hku`c`oði vortucb.

 

Hb cncikdid c`ckïmo`d hi hstukociths uiovhrsotcrods tohih mubtopbo`okck kh mdtovc`odihs, y pdr hsd prhthikhmds okhitofo`cr bcs proi`opcbhs y mcs rh`urrhiths `di hb foi kh acbbcr sdbu`odihs c iovhb khb hstukocith, bc fcmoboc y bc sd`ohkck c bc `ucb phrthih`h ko`ad sughtd. UBCI[HCMOH[D KHB U^DNBHMC  

Bc prdnbhm prdnbhmãto`c ãto`c quh vcmds c hstuko hstukocr cr bc ahmds khfoiokd khfoiokd pdr mhkod kh ui prdyh`td prdyh`td kh

oivhstojc`oði cpbo`ckc, `di hb foi kh mhkor hb iovhb kh mdtovc`oði hs`dbcr kh iuhstrds hstukociths khb prdjrcmc kh Bo`hi`octurc hi @ohi`ocs Pd`ocbhs kh bc Oistotu`oði Xiovhrsotcroc Udbotï`io`d Jrci`dbdmnocid kh bc mdkcbokck vortucb, hsphrcikd `di ko`ad hstukod, pdkhr okhitofo`cr bcs  proi`opcbhs `cuscs kh khshr`oði hs`dbcr< bc cfh`tc`oði phrsdicb, fcmobocr y prdfhsodicb khb hstukocith, csí `dmd bc cfh`tc`oði sd`ocb, h`diðmo`c y pdbíto`c pcrc hb pcís. Hstd soi dbvokcr bcs rczdihs quh tohihi cquhbbds hstukociths pcrc id cncikdicr su prd`hsd c`ckïmo`d. @di hb hstukod kh hstc prdnbhmãto`c nus`cmds dnthihr ui ciãbosos hsph`ífo`d, sosthmctozckd y vhrcs kh `cuscs, hfh`tds y pdsonbhs sdbu`odihs c ko`ac prdnbhmãto`c, pdr bd cithrodr ahmds hifd`ckd hb hstukod kh iuhstrd prdyh`td c bc sojuohith prhjuitc.

Urhjuitcc kh oivhstojc`oði7 Urhjuit oivhstojc`oði7 ´@ðmd bc khshr`oði hs`dbcr kh hstukociths hstukociths khb prdjrcmc kh Bo`hi`octurc hi @ohi`ocs Pd`ocbhs kh bc Oistotu`oði Xiovhrsotcroc Udbotï`io`d Jrci`dbdmnocid mdkcbokck vortucb cfh`tc id sdbd cb hstukocith, su hitdrid fcmobocr y prdfhsodicb, soid tcmnoïi hb  prdjrhsd, bc h`didmíc y bc pdbíto`c kh @dbdmnoc4

 

DNGH[OVDP

Dnghtovd Jhihrcb 

Okhitofo`cr bds proi`opcbhs fc`tdrhs quh `diku`hi c bc khshr`oði hs`dbcr kh bds hstukociths khb prdjrcm prdjrcmcc kh Bo`hi`o Bo`hi`octu cturc rc hi @oh @ohi`o i`ocs cs Pd`ocbh Pd`ocbhss kh bc Oistotu Oistotu`oð `oðii Xiovhrs Xiovhrsotc otcroc roc Udbotï`io`d Jrci`dbdmnocid mdkcbokck vortucb, y bc cfh`tc`oði kh hstc prdnbhmãto`c mhkocith uic hs`cbc vcbdrctovc hi bds ãmnotds phrsdicb y sd`ocb kh ko`ads hstukociths.

Dnghtovds Hsph`ífo`ds 

Khthrmoicr hb iovhb kh khshr`oði hs`dbcr kh bc pdnbc`oði c`ckïmo`c c hstukocr `di hb foi kh okhitofo`cr tcscs kh cncikdid hs`dbcr.



Okhitofo`cr csph`tds kh `crã`thr phrsdicb y sd`ocb quh puhkhi oi`okor hi bc khshr`oði c`ckïmo`c kh bds hstukociths uiovhrsotcrods.



Cpdrtcr pdsonbhs hstrcthjocs kh mhgdrc quh sh puhkci cpbo`cr hi bds hstukociths, bcs oistotu`odihs c`ckïmo`cs y junhricmhitcbhs pcrc kosmoiuor bcs tcscs kh khshr`oði hs`dbcr  y khmdstrcr bcs mhgdrcs hi bc `cbokck kh vokc pcrc bc ic`oði.

 

MC^@D [HÐ^O@D Hi iuhstrd iuhstrd trc trcncg ncgdd kh oivhstojc oivhstojc`oði `oði,, ahmds ahmds shbh``odi shbh``odickd ckd uic shroh shroh kh crtí`ubd crtí`ubdss kdikh kdikh mdstrcrhmds cbjuids `di`hptds hi bds `ucbhs sh prhthikh khfoior bc mdtovc`oði hs`dbcr ^hfhrhiths Oivhstojctovds Hi hb kd`umhitd, Mdtovc`oði Mdtovc`oði Hs`dbcr Hs`dbcr (>538), sh ac`h rhfhrhi`oc c cquhbbc mdtovc`oði mdtovc`oði quh ompubsc cb hstukocith c rhcbozcr uic shroh kh tcrhcs quh bds prdfhsdrhs bh prdpdihi `dmd mhkoc`oði pcrc hb cprhikozcgh kh bds `dithiokds `urro`ubcrhs. Poi hmncrjd, bc mdtovc`oði hs`dbcr  so nohi `dmprhikh bc rhcbozc`oði kh bc tcrhc, id sh cjdtc hi hbbc. Hi tïrmoids mãs prh`osds, bc mdtovc`oði hs`dbcr tohih quh vhr mãs `di`rhtcmhith `di bc c`tovc`oði kh rh`ursds `djiotovds  pcrc cprhikhr cquhbbd quh bc hs`uhbc prdpdih `dmd cprhikozcgh (Vcbhizuhbc, >55:), y id sðbd `di quhrhr rhcbozcr uic tcrhc hsph`ífo hsph`ífo`c `c hi ui mdmhitd kckd. Hi hstc korh``o korh``oði, ði, bc prhjuitc prhjuitc pdr  bc mdtovc`oði mdtovc`oði tohih quh vhr, hi tïrmoids tïrmoids jhihrcbhs, `di hb vcbdr kh bc tcrhc y `di hb shitomohitd shitomohitd kh `dmphthi`oc `dmphthi`oc frhith c hbbc, phrd tcmnoïi, tcmnoïi, c iovhb kh bc c`tovokck c`tovokck jhihrcb, `di bds mdtovds mdtovds quh kci shitokd c bc c`tovc`oði kh ko`ads rh`ursds `djiotovds hi pds khb cprhikozcgh (mdtovds pcrc cprhikhr). Hi hb prd` prd`hsd hsd kh cp cprh rhiko ikozc zcgh gh,,

hs fui fuikc kcmh mhit itcb cb bc fdrmc fdrmc `d `dmd md bd bdss `d `did id`o `omo mohit hitds ds sh

trcsmothi, trcsmo thi, bc mcihrc `dmd sh cndrkc hi hb `dithx `dithxtd td hs hs`dbcr `dbcr ui khthrmo khthrmoickd ickd thmc thmc phrmot phrmothh su `dmprhisoði. Bc phkcjdjíc utobozckc mdtovcrã bc pcrto`opc`oði khb hstukocith, so hb prd`hsd kh cprhikozcgh sh fuikcmhitc khskh bc rhfbhxoði `ríto`c. Udr dtrd bckd, Uobbcr [cbbdi( [cbbdi( >558), ids ko`h quh bc mdtovc`oði mdtovc`oði cncr`c mu`ads csph`tds, pdr  hsd bc oifoiokck kh sojiofo`ckds< phrd hi hb ãmnotd kh bc hishócizc-cprhikozcgh ac`h rhfhrhi`oc, fuikcmh fuik cmhitc itcbmh bmhith ith,, c cqu cquhbb hbbcs cs fuhr fuhrzcs, zcs, khthrm khthrmoic oicith ithss d fc`tdr fc`tdrhs hs quh oi`ot oi`otci ci cb cbumic cbumickd kd c

 

hs`u`acr bcs hxpbo`c`odihs khb/bc prdfhsdr/c, thihr oithrïs hi prhjuitcr y c`bcrcr bcs kukcs quh sh bh prhshithi hi hb prd`hsd hs`dbcr, pcrto pcrto`opcr `opcr kh fdrmc c`tov c`tovcc hi bc koiãmo`c kh bc `bcsh, rhcbozcr  rhcbozcr  bcs c`tovokckhs prdpuhstcs, hstukocr `di bcs tï`io`cs ckh`uckcs, oivhstojcr, hxphromhitcr, y cprhikhr pdr khs`unromohitd, csí `dmd kh mcihrc `distru`tovc y sojiofo`ctovc. Hi khfoiotovc,  prhshitcr uic `diku`tc mdtovckc pcrc cprhikhr, c`drkh `di sus `cpc`okckhs, oiquohtukhs, bomotc`odihs y pdsonobokckhs, puhs `ckc cbumid y cbumic tohih uics `crc`thrísto`cs oikovokucbhs. Dtrc kh bcs oivhstojc`odihs hi`ditrckcs ids kc `uhitc khb cprhikozcgh khskh bcs hmd`odihs , Ãbvcrhz Ãbv crhz @crih @crihrd rd (>53? ), hi hb crt crtí`u í`ubd bd  Uso`dbdjíc y Mhith, ctronuyh ui shitokd phrsdicb c cquhbbd quh cprhikhmds pcscr pdr uic komhisoði mãs cfh`tovc y hmd`odicb hmd`odicb quh  quh bc quh sdbhmds rhbc`odicr `di hb cprhikozcgh "tï`io`d" kh uic mcthroc, hi bc quh sompbhmhith sh rhpoth, sh  prc`to`c y sh mhmdrozc.  Id sh trctc sd sdbd bd kh rhthihr hi mhmdroc uic oifdrmc`oði kurcith ui phrodkd ph rodkd kh tohmpd pcrc khspuïs sdbtcrbd `dmd pdkríc shr hi uic rhspuhstc kh hxcmhi7 bc foicbokck hs kcrbh ui shitokd  phrsdicb cb `did`omohitd, kh pdkhr hxpbo`crbd `di tus prdpocs pcbcnrcs, h oi`busd, uic vhz rhcbozckd hb cprhikozcgh sojiofo`ctovd, `rhcr iuhvd `did`omohitd c trcvïs kh ïsth. Kh hsth mdkd, bc kofhrhi`oc hitrh hb cprhikozcgh sojiofo`ctovd y ui cprhikozcgh rhphtotovd sh rhmoth c bc rhbc`oði, d id, khb mcthrocb c cprhikhr `di hb `did`omohitd prhvod. ^hbc`odihs `di shitokd shito kd y id crnotrcro crnotrcrocs, cs, hs kh`or, so sh `disoju `disojuhh rhbc`odicr `di hb `did`omohit `did`omohitdd prhvod, sh pdkrã ctronuor ctron uor uids sojiof sojiofo`ckds, o`ckds, kh bds `ucbhs sh `distruorí `distruorícc ui mcpc mhitcb khb `did`omohitd. `did`omohitd. Csí sh `disojuh mdkofo`cr bc hstru`turc `djids`otovc, cbjd quh id acríc ui cprhikozcgh rhphtotovd, yc quh sdbd sh puhkh mcithihr pdr ui phrodkd `drtd kh tohmpd.

 

Foicbmhith y khitrd khb `dithxtd quh cndrkcmds hi hsth prd`hsd oivhstojctovd, hs `bcrd quh bc hku`c`oði khnh shrvor pcrc mdvobozcr vcbdrhs, prã`to`cs y scnhrhs, bds cprhikozcghs khnhi shr   prdku`td kh bc `distru``oði `dbh`tovc hi cmnohiths ckh`uckds, hvcbuckds kh mcihrc `distcith  pdr pcrth dgcbc khb mosmd hstukocith y khb jrupd, quohihs khnhrãi ckuhócrsh kh su prdpod  prd`hsd. Ucrc shjuor cvcizcikd cvcizcikd hi hsth prd`hsd kh oivh oivhstojc stojc`oði `oði mh rhmotd c dtrcs fuhiths fuhiths hi bcs `ucbhs sh ac`h rhfhrhi`oc c cbjuics `ofrcs kh khshr`oði hs`dbcr. Hi @dbdmnoc  sdbd bc motck kh bds mctro`ubckds sh jrck÷ci, shj÷i `ofrcs kh bc DH@K. Xi hstukod kh bc tcsc kh khshr`oði pdr jrupd `di`buyð quh, hi prdmhkod, uid kh kds mctro`ubckds id thrmoic bds hstukods kh hku`c`oði suphrodr. Phj÷i hb mosmd oifdrmh, bc tcsc kh khshr`oði cb`cizc hb 00% cb foicb khb promhr shmhstrh y hb :3% hi hb kï`omd shmhstrh. Hstd ids khnh bbcmcr c bc rhfbhxoði. rhfbhx oði. Uhrd ckhmãs bbcmc bc cthi`oði hb cncikdid pdr topd kh fdrmc`oði7 bcs `ofrcs khb >530 khstc`ci quh hstc sotuc`oði sh prhshitð, kurcith hb trcis`ursd khb prdjrcmc, hi uiovhrsokckhs, hi ui ;8%< hi oisto oistotu`od tu`odihs ihs th`idbðjo`cs, th`idbðjo`cs, 8;% y hi oistotu`o oistotu`odihs dihs th`idbðjo`cs th`idbðjo`cs prdfhsodicbhs, prdfhsodicbhs, 6>%< Csí mosmd, bc tcsc ciucb kh khshr`o khshr`oði ði ac`h uics ompdrtciths ompdrtciths kofhrhi`oc kofhrhi`ocss shj÷i bcs rhjodihs. Hi hb Ctbãito`d, pdr hghmpbd, hs kh 35,:%, muy somobcr c bc kh Ndjdtã, quh hs kh 35,?, phrd hi @cscicrhh bbhjc acstc hb 36,1%. Hstcs fcbhi`ocs @cscicr fcbhi`ocs kh bc hku`c`oði tcmnoïi tcmnoïi d`urrhi hi Cmïro Cmïro`c `c Bctoic y hb @cronh, kdikh mãs kh >5 mobbdihs kh uiovhrsotcrods csosthi c mãs kh 35 mob oistotu`odihs quh dfrh`hi mãs kh 65 mob prdjrcmcs y kdikh, shj÷i hb Nci`d Muikocb, hb i÷mhrd kh hstukociths uiovhrsotcrods sh kupbo`ð hi bds ÷btomds 38 códs. ( Vcrjcs Bcmckrok, >53:)

Ph ac hi`ditrckd quh bc khshr`oði hi oistotu`odihs kh hku`c`oði suphrodr hs bc `dmnoic`oði kh mu mu`a `ads ds fc`t fc`tdr drhs hs.. Phj÷ Phj÷ii Pcbm Pcbmoo (> (>53 536) 6),, hs hstd tdss fc fc`t `tdr drhs hs sd sdii hs hstr tru` u`tu turc rcbh bhs, s, pd pdbí bíto to`d `ds, s, oistotu`od oisto tu`odicbhs, icbhs, phrsdicbh phrsdicbhss y khb cprhiko cprhikozcgh. zcgh. Bds promhrds promhrds khthrm khthrmoici oici hb topd kh fdrmc`o fdrmc`oði ði quh

 

bc phrsdic ac rh`onokd tcitd hi bc hku`c`oði mhkoc y nãso`c< `dmd hi hb hitdrid sd`od`ubturcb. Bds shjuikds, rhbc`odickds `di bc tdmc kh kh`osodihs pdr pcrth kh bds jdnohrids frhith c bds thmcs hku`ctovds, bds thr`hrds rhbc`odickds `di bcs `ubturcs y bcs prã`to`cs kh bcs oistotu`odihs. Bds phrsdicbhs `difdrmckds pdr bc oifbuhi`oc kh bc fcmoboc, hifhrmhkckhs, rhspdiscnobokckhs fcmobocrhs, hitrh dtrds. _, pdr ÷btomd, bds fc`tdrhs kh cprhikozcgh, quh sdi bcs kofo`ubtckhs quh hb hstukocith ac thiokd hi hb prd`hsd kh bc hishócizc. Hi hsth shitokd, bc rhjoði sh hi`uhitrc hi ui mdmhitd mdmhi td kh`osovd pcrc bc hku`c`o hku`c`oði ði suphrodr, hstd, pdr hb cumhitd hi hb i÷mhrd kh hstukociths hstukociths mctro`ubckds hi hb sosthmc, frhith c uic cphrturc kh ui `ucrtd kh bcs oistotu`odihs quh hstãi c`tucbmhith hi dphrc`oði y pdr bc `rhc`oði kh bc motck kh bds prdjrcmcs quh c`tucbmhith sh df dfrh rh`h `hi, i, quh quh hi su mcy cydr drííc ac acii so sokd kd cn cnoh ohrt rtds ds pd pdrr hb sh sh`t `tdr dr pr prov ovck ckd. d. (DK (DKHP, HP, >53: >53:))

Kh ojucb fdrmc, hb PUCKOHP jhihrc ui pdr`hitcgh kh jrckuc`oði c`umubckc, quh hs ui oiko`ckdr kh shjuomohitd hstru`turcb thiohikd hi `uhitc c bds jrckuckds kh `ckc `dadrth. Hsth hs utobozckd pcrc cicbozcr bc koiãmo`c kh bc `ubmoic`oði hxotdsc kh bds `o`bds kh hstukod hi

 

hku` hku`c`o c`oði ði suphr suphrod odrr c io iovh vhbb pr prhjr hjrck ckd, d, y hs mh mhko kokd kd c id idvh vhid id shmhst shmhstrh rh hi io iovh vhbh bhss tï tï`i `io` o`dd  prdfhsodicbhs y th`idbðjo`ds, y c shmhstrh `ctdr`h ` ctdr`h c iovhb uiovhrsotcrod. (Moi hku`c`oði, >536)

Bcs sojuohiths tcnbcs sdi ui rhpdrth hstckísto`d kh khshr`oði pcrc hb cód >536 c iovhb

ic`odicb.

 

MC^@D MH[DKDBÐJO@D

Hstc oivhstojc`oði sh himcr`c khitrd khb hifdquh `ucbotctovd, khs`ronh c bds sughtds y sus c``odihs hi ui khthrmoickd `dithxtd `dmd sh mciofohstc c `ditoiuc`oði. `ditoiuc`oði. Hb hifdquh `ucbo `ucbotcto tctovd vd puhkh `di`hnorsh `dmd ui `diguitd `diguitd kh prã`to`cs prã`to`cs oithrprhtctovcs oithrprhtctovcs quh ac`hi cb muikd ‒vosonbh”, bd trcisfdrmci y `divohrthi hi uic shroh kh rhprhshitc`odihs hi fdrmc

MXHP[^C. Bc muhstrc shbh``odickc pcrc hsth prdyh`td kh oivhstojc`oði `drrhspdikh c 35 hstukociths khb prdjrcmc kh Bo`hi`octurc hi @ohi`ocs Pd`ocbhs kh bc Oistotu`oði Xiovhrsotcroc Udbotï`io`d Jrci `dbdmnocid mdkcbokck vortucb<

^hbc`oði hitrh pdnbc`oði y muhstrc C`tdrhs

Hstukociths Kd`hiths

Udnbc`oði @crc`thrísto` c. ?0 hstukociths. > kd`hith

Muhstrc

35 hstukociths

[ï`io`cs kh rh`dbh``oði kh oifdrmc`oði. Hi`uhstc.

3 kd`hith

Hi`uhstc.

OIP[^XMHI[DP KH ^H@DBH@@OÐI KH OIFD^MC@OÐI Ucrc hb khsc khscrrdb rrdbbd bd kh hst hsthh prdy prdyh`t h`tdd sh omp ompbhm bhmhit hitcrãi crãi oistru oistrumhi mhitds tds quh fc` fc`obo obotcr tcrci ci bc rh`dbh``oði kh bc oifdrmc`oði hi hstc oivhstojc`oði y quh phrmotorãi kh promhrc mcid `did`hr  bcs phr`hp`odihs kh bds c`tdrhs ompbo`ckds hi rhbc`oði c bcs `cthjdrícs kh ciãbosos quh drohitci hs hsth th hst hstuko ukod7 d7 bcs bcs ac acno nobo bokc kckhs khs sd` sd`od odhm hmd` d`od odicb icbhs hs y bc khshr` khshr`oð oðii hs`db hs`dbcr. cr. Bds Bds oi oist strum rumhit hitds ds shbh``odickds sdi bc dnshrvc`oði y bc hi`uhstc.

Bc dnshrvc`oði

 

Hstc Hstc tï`i tï`io` o`cc sh shb shbh` h``o `odi diðð pd pdrqu rquhh hs hstã tã hi `d `di`d i`drk rkci` ci`oc oc `d `dii hb to topd pd kh oi oivh vhst stoj ojc`o c`oði ði `ucbotctovc y hb koshód htidjrãfo`d, hs kh`or quh c trcvïs kh bc dnshrvc`oði bds oivhstojckdrhs sh c`hr`ci c bds sughtds, sh cnrhi pdsonobokckhs pcrc `did`hr hb `dithxtd y su c``odicr hi hb mosmd, bc okhc okhc hs fdrgcr bczds c trcvïs kh bcs oithr oithrc``odih c``odihss quh sh vci kcikd kcikd `di bc bc `hr`ciíc `hr`ciíc y pdkhr  pdkhr  okhitofo`cr quh tcitd oifbuyhi bcs acnobo acnobokckhs kckhs sd`odhmd`odicbhs hi bcs rhbc`odihs oithrphrsdicbhs, quh tci fdrtcbh`okcs hstãi bc hmpctíc y bc cutdhstomc, `dmd sh kc hb rh`did`omohitd kh sí mosmd y frhith c bds khmãs y kh ojucb fdrmc `dmprhikhr bc rhbc`oði hitrh hstcs y bc khshr`oði hs`dbcr. Hi bc oiv oivhst hstojc ojc`oð `oðii `ucb `ucbotc otctov tovcc bc dnshrvc dnshrvc`oð `oðii hs uic kh bcs ahrrcmo ahrrcmohit hitcs cs `di mcy mcydr  dr  ompdrtci`oc pcrc hb oivhstojckdr. Bc dnshrvc`oði `ucbotctovc id hs mhrc `dithmpbc`oði (‒shitcrsh c vhr hb muikd y tdmcr idtcs”)< ompbo`c ckhitrcrids prdfuikcmhith hi sotuc`odihs sd`ocbhs y mcithihr ui pcphb c`tovd, csí `dmd uic rhfbhxoði phrmcihith. Hstcr cthitd c bds khtcbbhs, su`hsds, hvhitds h oithrc``odihs.” \@O[C[ODI ^dn?3 Rp 0?? Rb ?>>6 ]

BC HI@XHP[C Dtrc tï`io`c quh sh ompbhmhitcrã hi hsth prdyh`td hs bc hi`uhstc, bc `ucb sh cpbo`crã c ui kd`hith y hstukociths, okhitofo`cikd sus phr`hp`odihs frhith c bc prdnbhmãto`c hi `uhstoði. Hstc  phrmoth `did`hr c mcydr prdfuikokck hb phiscmohitd kh bds c`tdrhs y hbbd cyukcrã c rhfbhxodicr  frhith c bc sotuc`oði dnghtd kh hstukod. Bc hi`uhstc hs ui oistrumhitd kh bc oivhstojc`oði quh `disosth hi dnthihr oifdrmc`oði kh bcs phrsdics hi`uhstckcs mhkocith hb usd kh `uhstodicrods koshóckds hi fdrmc prhvoc pcrc bc dnthi`oði kh oifdrmc`oði hsph`ífo`c”. \ @O[C[ODI Cbh58 Rb ?>>6 ]  

BCP U^HJXI[CP PH ^HBC@ODICI HI BCP POJXOHI[HP [CNBCP 7 Urhjuitcs kh bc hi`uhstc c kd`hiths‐ ^hbc`oði kh `cthjdrícs proi`opcbhs Bc hi`u hi`uhst hstcc sh cpb cpbo`ð o`ð c ui kd`h kd`hith ith quohi quohi drohit drohitcc hb ãrhc prdyh`t prdyh`tdd kh oivhst oivhstojc ojc`oð `oðii cpbo`ckc OO, sh rhcbozð kh fdrmc hs`rotc, id soi ciths hxpbo`crbh bc ompdrtci`oc kh su pcrto`opc`oði

 

hi hstc oivhstojc`oði sdnrh bc oifbuhi`oc kh bcs acnobokckhs hmd`odicbhs hi bc khshr`oði hs`dbcr  hi bc oistotu`oði.

Urhjuitcs

@cthjdrícs proi`opcbhs

3. ´@rhh ust usthk hk quh bbcc khshr khshr`oði `oði hs` hs`dbcr dbcr hi hstuko hstukociths ciths kkhh bo`hi`oct bo`hi`octurc urc Khshr`oði hs`dbcr  vortucb, cfh`tc korh`tcmhith cb pdbotï`io`d jrci `dbdmnocid4. >. ´@uãb `rhh usthk `dmd kd`hith kd`hith qu quhh shc shc hhbb rc rcijd ijd pdnbc` pdnbc`odicb odicb mãs Khshr`oði hs`dbcr  vubihrcnbh y cfh`tckd pdr bc khshr`oði hs`dbcr4. 0. ´@uãb hs bbcc pro proi`opcb i`opcb `cusc kh bc bc khshr`oði khshr`oði hs`dbcr hi bbcc Bo Bo`hi`o `hi`octurc cturcKhshr`oði hs`dbcr  @ohi`ocs Pd`ocbhs mdkcbokck vortucb hi hb pdbotï`io`d jrci @dbdmnocid4. ;. Pcnh uussthk ´´``uãbhs ssddi bbccs ac acnobokckhs ssdd`odhmd`odicbhs4 Acnobokckhs sd`odhmd`odicbhs 8. @disokh @disokhrc rc ust usthk hk quh bcs ac acnobok nobokckhs ckhs hmd`odic hmd`odicbhs bhs puh puhkhi khi shr ui fc`tdr rhbhvcith hi bc kh`osoði kh cncikdicr bc oistotu`oði.

Acnobokckhs sd`odhmd`odicbhs

6. ´@rhh qu quhh bcs rh rhbc`od bc`odihs ihs hitrh hitrh bds kkd`hith d`hithss y bds bds hstukocith hstukocithss puhkhi mdtovcr bc khshr`oði hs`dbcr4 :. ´@rhh qu quhh bc Oi Oistotu stotu`oði `oði Hku`cto Hku`ctovc vc rhcbozc rhcbozc c`tovokc c`tovokckhs khs pcrc mhgdrcr mhgdrcr bcs `diko`odihs hi hstc mdkcbokck vortucb4.

Acnobokckhs sd`odhmd`odicbhs Acnobokckhs sd`odhmd`odicbhs

Urhjuitcs kh bc hi`uhstc c hstukociths ‐ ^hbc`oði kh `cthjdrícs proi`opcbhs Hstcc hi` Hst hi`uhst uhstcc sh cpbo` cpbo`ðð c kohz kohz hstuko hstukocit ciths hs khb prdj prdjrcm rcmcc kh Bo`hi`oct Bo`hi`octurc urc hi @ohi`o @ohi`ocs cs Pd`ocbhs kh bc Oistotu`oði Xiovhrsotcroc Udbotï`io`d Jrci `dbdmnocid mdkcbokck vortucb< kh fdrmc hs`rotc y sh bhs hxpbo`crã kh fdrmc `bcrc bc ompdrtci`oc kh sus dpoiodihs frhith c ui thmc tci ompdrtcith `dmd bc khshr`oði y bc oifbuhi`oc quh tohihi bcs acnobokckhs hmd`odicbhs c bc adrc kh tdmcr hstc kh`osoði.

Urhjuitcs 3. Pcnh usthk ´Suï hs bc khshr`oði hs`dbcr4

@cthjdrícs proi`opcbhs Khshr`oði hs`dbcr  

>. ´@ ´@rhh rhh ust usthk hk quh bc mh mhtd tdkdb kdbdjí djícc vo vort rtucb ucb cyukc cyukc hi su fdrmc` fdrmc`oð oðii khKhshr`oði hs`dbcr  mcihrc sctosfc`tdroc4 0. ´@uã ´@uãbhs bhs `di `disok sokhrc hrc quh sh shci ci bcs rcz rczdihs dihs pdr pdr bds `uc `ucbhs bhs bds bds cbumids cbumidsKhshr`oði hs`dbcr  cncikdici sus hstukods vortucbhs4

 

;. @disokh @disokhrc rc usth usthkk quh bbcc `dmui `dmuio`c`o o`c`oði ði `di bbcc Oist Oistotu`o otu`oði ði uiovhrsotc uiovhrsotcroc rocAcnobokckhs  puhkh shr ui fc`tdr pcrc pcr c cncikdicr bds hstukods. sd`odhmd`odicbhs 8. Pcnh uussthk ´´``uãbhs ssddi bbccs ac acnobokckhs ssdd`odhmd`odicbhs4 Acnobokckhs sd`odhmd`odicbhs 6. ´@rh ´@rhhh quh bcs rhbc rhbc`od `odihs ihs hitrh hitrh bds kd`hi kd`hiths ths y bds hstu hstukoc kocith ithss puhkhiAcnobokckhs mdtovcr bc khshr`oði hs`dbcr4 sd`odhmd`odicbhs :. ´`rhh quh bc Oist Oistotu`o otu`oði ði Hku`c Hku`ctovc tovc rhc rhcbozc bozc cc`tovo `tovokckhs kckhs pcrc pcrc mhgdrcr mhgdrcr bcAcnobokckhs rhbc`oði hitrh bds hstukociths. sd`odhmd`odicbhs 1. Drjc Drjcioz iozcc kh mci mcihrc hrc ckh`uck ckh`uckcc hb toh tohmpd mpd pro prodro drozcik zcikdd bcs kofhrhi kofhrhiths thsAcnobokckhs c`tovokckhs hitrh hbbcs sus hstukods uiovhrsotcrods. sd`odhmd`odicbhs Uuhkhi hithikhrsh bds cpdrths quh hsth hifdquh ac`h c bc oivhstojc`oði hi bc mhkokc quh jhihrc ui c`hr`cmohitd hitrh bds oivhstojckdrhs `di bds sughtds dnghtds kh hstukod y `ðmd c tr trcv cvïs ïs kh bcs bcs oith oithrc rc``o ``odih dihss sh kh khvh vhbc bcii so sotu tuc` c`od odih ihss quh phrmo phrmoth thii hs hstc tcnb nbh`h h`hrr `c `cic icbh bhss kh `dmuio`c`oði hfh`tovds quh rhkuikci hi oifdrmc`oði focnbh pcrc hb khscrrdbbd khb prdyh`td, ckhmãs hs uic pdso ckhmãs pdsonob nobokc okckk pcrc khshit khshitrcó rcócr cr vhr vhrkckh kckhss hitdrid hitdrid c bcs `cthjdr `cthjdrícs ícs kh ciã ciãbos bosos os rhbc`odickcs `di bcs acnobokckhs sd`odhmd`odicbhs y bc khshr`oði hs`dbcr. Udr tdkcs hstcs prhmoscs sh prdpdih cndrkcr hb hifdquh `ucbotctovd hi hstc oivhstojc`oði, pdr  `disokhrcrsh phrtoihith y hi `di`drkci`oc `di bcs ih`hsokckhs kh bds oivhstojckdrhs. Xi pb pbci cith thcm cmoh ohitd itd `ucbo `ucbotc tcto tovd vd hs `d `dmd md ‒o ‒oijr ijrhsc hscrr c ui bc bcnh nhro roit itd‒. d‒. Pcnhm Pcnhmds ds kði kðikh kh `dmhizcmds, phrd id kðikh acnrhmds kh thrmoicr. Hitrcmds `di `divo``oði, phrd soi ui mcpc khtcbbckd, prh`osd. _ kh cbjd thihmds `hrthzc7 khnhrhmds mcithihr bc mhith cnohrtc y hstcr   prhpcrckds pcrc omprdvoscr. \@O[C[ODI Ahr35 Rp 01? Rb ?>>6 ] .

CIÃBOPOP KH ^HPXB[CKDP.

Ciãbosos kh Hi`uhstcs

Ph tcnubd bc oifdrmc`oð oifdrmc`oði i rh`djokc sdnrh bc Uhr`hp`oði Uhr`hp`oði quh tohihi tohihi bds hstukociths hstukociths y kd`h kd `hit ith h khb  prdjrcmc Bo`hi`octurc hi @ohi`ocs Pd`ocbhs kh bc Oistotu`oði Xiovhrsotcroc

 

c`hr`c r`c kh bc khs khshr` hr`oð oði i hs`db hs`dbcr cr y bcs bcs Udbot Udb otï`io ï`io`d `d Jrci `db `dbdmn dmnoci ocidd mdk mdkcbo cbokck kck vor vortuc tucb, b, c`h acnobokckhs hmd`odicbhs `dmd pdsonbh `cusc pcrc hb cncikdid kh bc Oistotu`oði.

CIÃBOPOP KH BC HI@XHP[C CUBO@CKC C HP[XKOCI[HP

3. ´@rhh usthk quh bc khshr`oði hs`dbcr hi hstukociths kh bo`hi`octurc vortucb, cfh`tc korh`tcmhith cb pdbotï`io`d jrci `dbdmnocid4. 3.> 3 5.1 5.6 5.; 5.> 5

PO

ID

Hb kd`hith hi`uhstckd, rhspdikoð quh PO c bc prhjuitc i÷mhrd uid, hvokhi`ocikd `di hs hstd td quh hbbd hbbds s `dis `disok okhrc hrci i quh quh so acy acy khsh khshr`o r`oði ði hs`db hs`dbcr cr hi hb pdbo pdbotï tï`i `io` o`d d Jrci Jrci @dbdmnocid mdkcbokck vortucb.

>. ´@uãb ´@u ãb `rhh usthk `dmd kd`hith quh shc hb rci rcijd jd pdnbc`odicb mãs vubihrcnbh y cfh`tckd c fh`tckd pdr bc khshr`oði hs`dbcr4. 3.> 3 5.1 5.6 5.; 5.> 5

PO

ID

Hb kd`hith kd`hith hi`uhs hi`uhstck tckd, d, rhspdi rhspdikoð koð c bc prhjuit prhjuitc c kds, kds, quh bc pdnbc`o pdnbc`oði ði kh mcydr  mcydr  khshr`oði hs`dbcr ds`obc hitrh bcs hkckhs kh >5 c >: códs.

 

0. ´@uãb ´@ uãb hs bc proi`opcb `cusc kh bc bc khshr`oði hs`dbcr hs`dbcr hi bc Bo`hi`octur Bo`hi`octurc c @ohi`ocs Pd`ocbhs mdkcbokck vortucb hi hb pdbotï`io`d jrci @dbdmnocid4. 3.> 3 5.1 5.6 5.; 5.> 5

PO

ID

Hb kd`hith hi`uhtckd, rhspdikoð bc prhjuitc i÷mhrd trhs< kcikd `dmd rhsubtckd `dmd proi`opcb `cusc kh bc khshr`oði hs`dbcr hs bc fcbtc kh tohmpd, hb id rhdrjciozcr nohi su tohmpd kh hstukod, pd`c pbcihc`oði hi bds tohmpds.

;. Pcnh usthk `ucbhs sdi bcs acnobokckhs sd`odhmd`odicbhs4 3.> 3 5.1 5.6 5.; 5.> 5

PO

ID

Hb kd`hith hi`uhstckd rhspdikh quh c bc prhjuitc `uctrd quh so scnh quh sdi bcs acnobokckhs sd`odhmd`odicbhs.

8. @disokhrc usthk quh bcs acnobokckhs hmd`odicbhs puhkhi shr ui fc`tdr rhbhvcith hi bc kh`osoði kh cncikdicr bc oistu`oði. 3.> 5.1 5.; 5

PO

ID

Hb kd`hith hi`uhstckd rhspdikh quh id hs tci `bcrd pdr hb pd`d `ditc`td `di bds hstukociths kh hstc mdkcbokck y id bd `disokhrc cso.

 

6. @rhh quh bcs rhbc`odihs hitrh bds kd`hiths y bds hstukociths puhkhi mdvcr bc khshr`odi khshr`odi hs`dbcr 3.> 5.1 5.; 5

PO

ID

Hb kd`hit kd`hith h hi`uh hi`uhst stck ckd d rh rhsp spdi dikh kh c bc prhjui prhjuitc tc i÷mhrd i÷mhrd shos shos,, quh quh so kckc kckcs s

bcs bcs

rhbc`odihs `dmuio`c`odicbhs y kh oifdrmc`oði quh hsth ih`hsotc pcrc su cvci`h hi bc fdrmc`oði c`ckïmo`c.

:. @rhh @r hh quh bc bc Oistuotu`oði Oistuotu`oði Hku`cvc rhcbo r hcbozc zc c`vokckhs c` vokckhs pcrc mhgdrcr bc rhbc`oði hitrh bds hstukociths4 3.> 5.1 5.; 5

PO

ID

Hb kd`hit kd`hith h hi`uhst hi`uhstckd ckd rhspdik rhspdikoð oð c bc prhjuit prhjuitc c i÷mhrd i÷mhrd sohth sohth quh so so hstcikd hstcikd kh c`uhrkd hi quh so sh rhcbozci c`tovokckhs hi bc Oistotu`oði Hku`ctovc pcrc mhgdrcr bc rhbc`oði `dmuio`c`odicb hitrh bds hstukociths.

CIÃBOPOP KH BC HI@XHP[C CUBO@CKC C HP[XKOCI[HP

 

Pcnh usthk ´Suï hs bc khshr`oði hs`dbcr4 1 : 6 8 ; 0 > 3 5

PO

ID

Hb jrcfo`d jrcfo`d ids muhstrc muhstrc quh hb 05 % khb tdtcb tdtcb cb quh quh sh bh bh cpbo`ð cpbo`ð bc hi`uhstc hi`uhstc ko`hi ko`hi thihr `did`omohitd sdnrh bc prhjuitc quh sh bhs rhcbozc kh khshr`oði hs`dbcr  

´Hi su adjcr bh hishóci d bh hxpbo`ci bc ompdrtci`oc khb hstukod4 35 ? 1 : 6 8 ; 0 > 3 5

PO

ID

 C bc prhjuitc so hi hb adjcr bh hishóci d hxpbo`ci bc ompdrtci`oc khb hstukod hb ?5 % kh bds ?0 hi`uhstckds mciofhstð quh kh cbjuic mcihc so.

 

´@r hh usthk ´@rhh usthk quh hb c`dsd hs`dbcr d nubboji shc uic rcz rczði ði pdr bc `ucb bds cbumids cncikdici sus hstukods4 3> 35 1 6 ; > 5

PO

ID

  C bc prhjuitc `rhh usthk quh hb c`dsd hs`dbcr hs uic rczði pdr bc `ucb bds cbumids  C

cncikdici sus hstukods hb 355% rhspdikoð quh sí.

@disokhrc usthk quh bc rhbc`oði `di sus `dmpcóhrds puhkh shr ui fc`tdr pcrc cncikdicr bds hs hstukods tukods.. ? 1 : 6 8 ; 0 > 3 5

PO

ID

 C bc phjuitc `disokhrc usthk quh bc rhbc`oði `di su ` `dmpcóhrds dmpcóhrds puhkh shr ui fc`tdr  pcrc cncikd cncikdicr icr bds hstuko hstukods ds hb 15% kh bds ?0 hi`uhst hi`uhstckds ckds,, rhspdi rhspdikoð koð quh so, mohitrcs quh hb >5% rhspdikoð id c hsc prhjuitc.

 

Pcnh usthk ´`uãbhs sdi bcs acnobokckhs sd`odhmd`odicbhs4 35 ? 1 : 6 8 ; 0 > 3 5

PO

ID

Hb ?5% ?5% rh rhs spdik pdikoð oð so c bc pr prh hjuit juitc c Pcnh Pcnh ust usthk `ucb `ucbhs hs sdi sdi bcs bcs acno acnobo bokc kckh khs s sd`odhmd`odicbhs y hb 35% kh bc muhstrc rhspdikoð quh id.

´@rhh quh bcs rhbc`odihs hitrh bds kd`hiths y bds hstukociths puhkhi mdvcr bc khshr`oði khshr`oði hs`dbcr4 1 : 6 8 ; 0 > 3 5

PO

ID

Hi hstc prhjuitc prhjuitc rhcbozckc rhcbozckc kh bds ?0 hi`uhstckds hi`uhstckds hquovcbhith hquovcbhith cb :5% rhspdikoð rhspdikoð quh so mohitrcs quh, 05% rhspdikoð quh id.

 

´`rhh quh bc Oistu`oði Hku`cvc rhcbozc c`vokckhs c`v okckhs pcrc pcrc mhgdrcr mhgdr cr bc rhbc`oði hitrh bds hstukociths. 35 ? 1 : 6 8 ; 0 > 3 5

PO

ID

Hi hstc ÷btomc prhjuitc `rhh quh bc oistotu`oði hku`ctovc rhcbozc c`tovokckhs pcrc mhgdrcr bc rhbc`oði hitrh bds hstukociths hb ?5% rhspdikoð quh sí, mohitrcs quh 35% kogd quh id.

CICBOPOP KH DNPH^VC@OÐI

@dmd sh pukd vhr bc tï`io tï`io`c `c utobozckc utobozckc pcrc bc rh`dbh``oði rh`dbh``oði kh kctds kctds fuh bc hi`uhstc hi`uhstc (`uhstodicrod), `di ui topd kh rhspuhstc `hrrckc, hi hsth prd`hsd kh rh`dbh``oði kh bc oifdrmc`oði sh aozd `di hb foi kh dnthihr bds kctds prh`osds y ih`hscrods pcrc hb hstukod hstuko d khb prdnbhmc prdnbhmc pbcithck pbcithckd d hi hsth prdyh`td prdyh`td kh oivhstojc`oð oivhstojc`oði i hi hb pdbotï`io`d pdbotï`io`d Jrci @dbdmnocid mdkcbokck vortucb.

@DI@BXPODIHP

Hb kd`hi kd`hith th guhj guhjc c ui pcph pcphbb muy muy om ompdr pdrtc tcit ith h hi bc om ompb pbhm hmhit hitc` c`oð oði i kh hs hstr trct cthj hjoc ocs s phkcjðjo`cs phkcjðj o`cs y acnobokck acnobokckhs hs sd`odhmd` sd`odhmd`odicb odicbhs hs kh phrmcihi`oc phrmcihi`oc h oi`buso oi`busoði ði

hi hsth hsth

 

mdkhbd mdk hbd kh hku` hku`c`oð c`oði i

vortucb vortucb,, puhstd puhstd quh sh sh khnhi khnhi

prdmdv prdmdvhr hr c``odi c``odihs hs khskh khskh su

quha qu hac`h c`hrr phkc phkcjð jðjo jo`d `d pcrc pcrc `cut `cutov ovcr cr c sus sus hs hstu tuko kocit ciths, hs, ac`hr ac`hr kh su bcnd bcndrr

cbjd cbjd

sojiofo`ctovd pcrc hbbds hbbds y bc jhstoði quh quh hb khscrrdbbc hs fuikcmhitcb fuikcmhitcb pcrc jcrcitozcr bc phrmcihi phrm cihi`oc `oc kh sus hstuko hstukocit ciths hs y ac`hrbd ac`hrbd c trcvïs trcvïs kh cmnohi cmnohiths ths kh cprhik cprhikozcg ozcgh h phrtoihiths, `dithxtucbozckds, hspc`ods hi kdikh `difbuyci `did`omohitds y fdrmc`oði fdrmc`oði oithjrcb, phrmhckds pdr hb rhsphtd, bc sdbokcrokck y bc tdbhrci`oc.

Hi hb pdbotï` pdbotï`io`d io`d jrci jrci @dbdmno @dbdmnocid cid Pd`oc Pd` ocbhs bhs

khb `cmp `cmpus us vortu vortucb, cb,

bds hstukoc hstukocith iths s kh bc

Bo`hi`o Bo`hi`octur cturc c kh @ohi`oc @ohi`ocs s

sh hvokhi hvokhi`o `oc c quh sh bhs tohih tohih hi `uhi `uhitc tc khskh khskh bcs

rhbc`odihs rhbc`odi hs y kofhrhiths kofhrhiths prdjrcmcs y `ditc`td `ditc`td `di kd`hiths kh cubc, rh`did`ohikd rh`did`ohikd hb topd kh cmnohith quh sh jhihrc hi hb kíc c kíc khb cubc vortucb.

Xi cmnohith hku`ctovd kdikh sh jhihrh `difocizc y rhsphtd kh bds kd`hiths ac`oc bds cbum cbumids ids `di mhtdkd mhtdkdbdj bdjíc ícs s ckh`uc ckh`uckcs kcs

kh c`uhr c`uhrkd kd cb `urrí `urrí`ub `ubd, d, phrmo phrmoth th quh quh bds bds

hstukociths sh sohitci mãs `difockds y `di khshds kh shjuor hstukocikd, jcrcitozcikd bc mcydr phrmcihi`oc y mhids khshr`oði hs`dbcr 

NONBODJ^CFÍC Cbhb÷ Ahriãikhz, M., @citíi Jcr`íc, P., Bðphz Cnhgði , I., & ^dkríjuhz Wczd , M. (>558).  Hstukod kh Hi`uhstcs. Dnthiokd kh attp7//www.uicvcrrc.hs/phrsdicb/vokcbkocz/pkf/topdsThi`uhstcs.UKF Nhbbho, @. (35 kh Ko`ohmnrh kh >53>). Potuc`oði Hku`ctovc kh Cmïro`c Bctoic y hb @cronh .  Dnthiokd kh XIHP@D7

 

attp7//www.uihs`d.drj/ihw/fobhckmoi/MXB[OMHKOC/FOHBK/Pcitocjd/pkf/sotuc`odihku`ctovc-mhxo`d->530.pkf  Fcgcrkd, H. B. (>536). @dmphikod Hstckísto`d kh bc Hku`c`oði Puphrodr @dbdmnocic . Dnthiokd kh MOIHKX@C@OÐI7 attps7//www.moihku`c`odi.jdv.`d/3:8?/crto`bhs065:0?Trh`ursd.pkf  Fhricikhz, @., Ncptostc, U., & Pcmpohro, ^. (>556).  Mhtdkdbdjíc kh bc Oivhstojc`oði. M`jrcwaobb. Ahriãikhz ht cb. (>53;). Mhtdkdbdjíc kh bc Oivhstojc`oði. Mïxo`d7 M`jrcw aobb. Ahriãikhz Pcmpohro, ^. (>53;). Mhtdkdbdjíc kh bc Oivhstojc`oði. Mïxo`d7 M`J^CZ-AOBB . Mdjdbbdi, U. C. (6 kh Ko`ohmnrh kh >531).  Hb prdnbhmc id hs sdbd pbctc7 ;> % kh bds uiovhrsotcrods khshrtc. Dnthiokd kh HB HPUH@[CKD^7 attps7//www.hbhsph`tckdr.`dm/idto`ocs/hku`c`odi/hb-prdnbhmc-id-hs-sdbd-pbctc-;>-khbds-uiovhrsotcrods-khshrtc-crto`ubd-1>::0? Vïbhz, C. c. (>55;). Hstrcthjocs pcrc vhi`hr bc khshr`oði uiovhrsotcroc. hku`c`oði y hku`ckdrhs, >55;, vdbumhi :, pp. 3::->50. Dnthiokd kh H- BON^D7 attps7//hnddl`hitrcb-prdquhst`dm.bdjoinonbod.pdbojrci.hku.`d/bon/nonbodpdbojrcisp/khtcob.c`todi4kd`OK=03?1650.