Teoría y Función Del Arte
July 12, 2022 | Author: Anonymous | Category: N/A
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m t r I f m b c ÿ j o c u A y i ì r g m R 9 ;
@jstgrji bmf Irtm
Rmgrìi y Aucojÿc bmf Irtm
RMGTÌI Z A]COJßC BMF ITRM. 9 Bmajcjojÿc Ir tm m mss fi cmom cmomsjb sjbi ib bm mxprmsjÿc bmf smr `ulicg. ·[grquê msi cmomsjbib7 ·Ms pgr pfiomr
mstêtjog7. _j isì aumri mf irtm smrìi mf oiljcg `ioji fi dmffmzi y fi dmffmzi ms fi ouifjbib bm bir pfiomr i fgs smctjbgs. [mrg mf Irtm cg sjmlprm pmrsjhum fi dmffmzi. I vmoms triti bm prgbuojr tmrrgr (oglg mc ifhucis pjcturis rgléctjois), g dusoi tmlis bm b m trihmbji g bm b m bgfgr. @gy mc bìi mf Ir Irtm tm mxofuym mxofu ym i lmcubg fi dmffmzi mctmcbjbi mc tmcbjbi oglg pfiomr i cg smr qum tmchilgs mc oumcti mf p fiomr qum qu m smctjlgs if ibljrir fi oipiojbib bmf irtjsti piri rmprmsmctir fi rmifjbib, su ucjvmrsg jctmrjgr g piri jlihjcir fi ajoojÿc. Mf Irtm, pums, cg ms dmffmzi y piri êf ms tic jlpgrtictm fg `mrlgsg oglg fg rmpmfmctm. [gr msg bmtmrljcilgs ms luo`g lés qum fi dmffmzi5 tgbi fi mxpmrjmcoji `ulici, `mrlgsi u `grrjdfm, pfi pfiom omct ctm mri g bgfgrgs fgrgsi i, `ul `ulgrì stjoi stjoi,, mrÿt mrÿtjoi joi,, i id dsu surbi rbi,, tg tgbg pum umb bm sm smrr b bm mstjfib stjfibg g pgr mf mf irtjst irtjsti i. Mf Irtm ms litmrji bm fi qum mlicic smcsiojgcms pgrqum ifhujmc fg `i qu qumrjbg mrjbg isì.
4 [rgpÿsjtg5 [iri ogcgomr lmegr fis gdris bm irtm y isì mctmcbmrfis y bjsarutirfis ms prmojsg qum jctmctmlgs sidmr ouif ms fi mxpmrjmcoji `ulici qum lgtjvÿ if irtjsti piri ormir msi gdri m jbmctjajoircgs ogc êf. Rgbi gdri jcofuym ifhuci rmamrmcoji bmf irtjsti qum fi ormÿ pmrg, i lmcubg, tjmcm luo`is lés rmamrmcojis bm fi êpgoi mc fi qum sm bmsirrgffÿ. @gy oisj tgbgs fgs irtjstis ormic mc pfmci fjdmrtib pmrg cg sjmlprm aum isì. @isti mf sjhfg PJP fgs irtjstis tridieidic hmcmriflmctm pgr mcoirhg, ogc mf ipgyg bm uc lmomcis , dieg fi iutgrjbib bmf pgbmr pgfìtjog-ljfjtir g rmfjhjgsg (irtm if smrvjojg bmf pgbmr) y fi smhurjbib bm uc ogctritg piri vmcbmrfi bmspuês. [gr msg mri lés jlpgrtictm mf hustg pgpufir bmf ofjmctm qum mf bmf irtjsti (ofjmctmfjslg). Bmdm smr pums prgpÿsjtg bmf `jstgrjibgr ogcgomr mf pgrquê uci sgojmbib ogcormti mfjhjmri tjpgs ogcormtgs bm gdris bm irtm y bm mstjfgs. Mstg cgs ffmvi i jctmrprmtir fi gdri bm irtm oglg uc bgoulmctg `jstÿrjog lés piri ogcgomr fi vjbi bm cumstrgs ictmpisibgs (vjsjÿc `jstgrjojsti armctm i fi vjsjÿc mstmtjojsti bmf Irtm).
[éhjci 9 bm 8
m t r I f m b c ÿ j o c u A y i ì r g m R 9 ;
@jstgrji bmf Irtm
Rmgrìi y Aucojÿc bmf Irtm
_j mf irtjsti ms mf lmrg memoutgr litmrjif bmf hustg pgpufir g bmf sudogcsojmctm ogfmotjvg g bmf
tif g ouif lmomcis, mctgcoms ·quê `iom ` iom qum uci gdri bm ir irtm tm smi dumci g lifi7. ¸ Yum mf irtjsti sjctgcjom ogc msm sudogcsojmctm ogfmotjvg y rmifjom ibmlés uci gdri têocjoilmctm limstri5 [.me. mf Bivjb bm Ljhumf Ichmf ¸ Yum mf irtjsti, goisjgciflmctm, sm bmsmctjmcbi bmf hustg pgpufir y ormm ifhg cumvg, cg ibljribg mc su lglmctg pmrg tricsomcbmctm tr icsomcbmctm piri mf auturg5 [.Me. fgs jlprmsjgcjstis. ¸ Yum mf irtjsti jctmrprmtm sus mcoirhgs i su licmri, pirtjmcbg bmf hustg pgpufir pmrg ormicbg uc mstjfg
pirtjoufir y ormitjvg5 [.Me. fis gdris bm Lurjffg.
? Irtm y rmifjbib5 ·Oÿlg `i rmhjstribg mf irtjsti mf lucbg vjsjdfm7 ·[gbmlgs `idfir bm mvgfuojÿc7. Cg msté tic ofirg. Fg qum sì msté ofirg ms qum fi agrli bm gdsmrvir fi rmifjbib msté rmfiojgcibi bjrmotilmctm ogc mf pmcsiljmctg y fi jbjgsjcorisji bm fis sgojmbibms y ojvjfjziojgcms.
Mf prjlmr pijsiem ogcgojbg mc Murgpi ms uc armsog bm fi jsfi bm R`mri5 sgc pficgs supmrpumstgs, ogctgrcgs y pmrajfms bjdueibgs y fgs jctmrjgrms ogfgrmibgs, tgbg mffg distictm msqumlétjog. Fgs goupictms bm iqumffi `idjtiojÿc smctjrìic `iffirsm mc lmbjg bm uc pijsiem rmif, pmrg `gy pgogs fg iomptirìic oglg tif. Mc mf 9?;; Hjgttg pjctidi fis rgois y fis pfictis dmffilmctm lgbmfibis, ogc fuoms y sgldris y oisj mc trms bjlmcsjgcms iucqum tgrpmlmctm. [jctidi ogc prmojsjÿc y sus gdris sm ogcsjbmridic luy rmifms. Mc mf sjhfg PQ Emic Qic Myon pjcti uc pijsiem bm mstruoturi sjljfir if bm Hjgttg pmrg luo`g lés rmifjsti, ogc uci pmramoojÿc bm ljcjiturjsti, oisj agtghréajoi, bmsbm fgs hujeirrgs `isti fis cudms. Mctgcoms msg mri fg lés rmif. Ljmctris tictg, mc mf ljslg lglmctg pmrg mc mf cgrtm bm Jtifji, fgs irtjstis gdsmrvic qum fi rmifjbib ms uci ogsi y fg qum vm mf geg `ulicg ms gtri. [gr msg fgs gdemtgs sm vmc lés pmqumùgs ouictg lés fmegs mstéc. _m jcvmctic mctgcoms fis fìcmis bm auhi y fi pmrspmotjvi fjcmif.
[éhjci 4 bm 8
m t r I f m b c ÿ j o c u A y i ì r g m R 9 ;
@jstgrji bmf Irtm
Rmgrìi y Aucojÿc bmf Irtm
Burictm mf sjhfg PQJ y PQJJ, Fmgcirbg prjlmrg y Qmfézqumz bmspuês bmsoudrmc qum i vmoms
cg vmlgs djmc fgs gdemtgs, cumstri cjtjbmz bjsljcuym ogcagrlm sm ifmeic fgs gdemtgs y tildjêc ouictg lés bmcsg ms mf ijrm qum `iy mctrm mffgs y cgsgtrgs. Isì ms oglg ciom fi pmrspmotjvi iêrmi. Isì ffmhilgs if sjhfg PJP y ogc mf Jlprmsjgcjslg fi pmrompojÿc oildji5 bmsipirmomc fgs ogctgrcgs, sm dgrri mf bjdueg, fgs bmtiffms sm mldgrrgcic y mf irtjsti jctmcti oiptir ogc pjcomfibis répjbis uci vjsjÿc pisiemri, uci pmrompojÿc auhiz, uci jlprmsjÿc vmfgz, mc lgvjljmctg y cmrvjgsi. [iri fgs irtjstis msi mri fi vjsjÿc bm uc geg bm fi Tmvgfuojÿc Jcbustrjif, sjc mldirhg su pjcturi cg aum iomptibi pgr jrrmif. Mc mf sjhfg PJP fg jrrmif ms fi cgrli, sjhujmcbg uc prgomsg pgr mf ouif mf Irtm sm bmsvjcoufi bm fi rmifjbib piri dusoir agrlis puris. Ciom isì mf irtm idstriotg. If ajcif uci gdri bm Lgcbrjic g Nicbjcsnj ms luo`g lés jrrmif qum mf armsog bm R`mri. Fumhg mctgcoms ·@iy mvgfuojÿc g cg7. Cg sj fi rmifjbib ms sÿfg fg qum oipti uc geg `ulicg. _ì sj fi rmifjbib ms ibmlés tgbg fg ogcomptuif qum rgbmi if smr `ulicg. I fi firhi fi rmifjbib ms uc ogcomptg tic mchiùgsg y sudemtj sudemtjvg vg oglg mf bm fi dmffmzi.
2 Agrlis5 Fi vjsjÿc djcgoufir (mstmrmgvjsjÿc) prgbuom fi agrli mc trms bjlmcsjgcms. Fi msoufturi utjfjzi msis trms bjlmcsjgcms pmrg fi pjcturi sÿfg pumbm suhmrjrfis i pirtjr bm fi fìcmi, fi fuz g mf ogfgr.
= Fìcmis5 Ms mf dgrbm g ogctgrcg bm fi agrli g bmf mspiojg. Mc mf irtm ictjhug fi fìcmi bmajcm y bmfjljti, ms ogctjcui y ofiri. Bmspuês vi bjauljcécbgsm `isti ffmhir i bmsipirmomr. @gy mc bìi mxjstm uci rmoupmriojÿc bm fi fìcmi ([gp-irt, ([ gp-irt, ogljo, bjsmùg pudfjojtirjg, mto).
1 Fuz y sgldris5 Fi fuz pmrljtm vmr fi gdri. Mc msoufturi y irqujtmoturi msti fuz ms fi rmif, citurif g irtjajojif pmrg mc fi pjcturi msi fuz bmdm smr ormibi i pirtjr bmf ogfgr. [gr gtrg fibg fi fuz ormi sgldris bmpmcbjmcbg bmf agog fulìcjog y pgr fg tictg ormi hribiojgcms y vgfulmc. [umbm smr uci fuz suivm g buri, ormicbg isì mspiojgs bmtmrljcibgs g jcbmtmrljcibgs (tmcmdrjslg) g aumrtms ogctristms qum ihubjzic fi mxprmsjvjbib.
[éhjci ? bm 8
m t r I f m b c ÿ j o c u A y i ì r g m R 9 ;
@jstgrji bmf Irtm
Rmgrìi y Aucojÿc bmf Irtm
8 Ogfgr5 Ms mf aiotgr qum bmdm sglmtmrsm i uc icéfjsjs lés ojmctìajog. _us oiriotmrìstjois ogc rmspmotg if Irtm sgc5 mf tgcg, prjlirjgs g djcirjgs, fi situriojÿc, jctmcsjbib y prmbgljcjg bm uc sÿfg ogfgr y mf vifgr , prgpgrojÿc bmf ogfgr ogc rmspmotg if dficog y if cmhrg, pgr mf ouif bmbuojlgs qum `iy luo`g g
pgog ogfgrjbg. Rildjêc mxjstmc ogfgrms ogfgr ms arìgs, oglg mf izuf y qqum um tjmcbmc i ifmeirsm y ogfgrms oifjmctms oglg mf ilirjffg g mf rgeg qum tjmcbmc i iomroirsm. [gr gtri pirtm, mf ogfgr lgbmfi y bi fuz i fis ajhuris. Fgs ogfgrms if prjcojpjgs mric pficgs y sjldÿfjogs, bmspuês aumrgc oibi vmz lés rmifms y hribuibgs y `gy mc bìi mf ogfgr tildjêc sm `i bmsvjcoufibg bm fi rmifjbib.
0 Mspiojg5 Ms fi mxtmcsjÿc mctrm virjgs puctgs g fìcmis sj êstm msté bmajcjbg g pumbm smr uci mxtmcsjÿc jctichjdfm m jcbmajcjbi (uci `idjtiojÿc g mf mspiojg mstmfir). Ms uc mfmlmctg jlpgrtictm pgrqum ms mf msomcirjg bm fi gdri, êf ogcbjojgci y bmajcm mf lgvjljmctg `ulicg y pumbm smr ihgdjictm, bmslmsuribg, mqujfjdribg, mto. Mf vmrbibmrg irtm bmf mspiojg ms fi irqujtmoturi (mcomrrir mspiojgs). Êf ogcbjojgci tgbi fi gdri5 mf mspiojg smljmsaêrjog bm uci oõpufi prgbuom hricbjgsjbib, fjdmriojÿc y ucjbib. Mf mspiojg bm uci civm fgchjtubjcif, pgr mf ogctrirjg, ogcstrjùm, bjrjhm `ioji mf iftir, ms uc mspiojg oiljcg qum cg fjdmri sjcg qum grbmci. Mf mspiojg mc msoufturi sm ormi ogc fi agrli ljsli y ogc mf puctg bm vjsti qum mf msouftgr mfjhm piri qum smi vjsti. @iy pgr fg tictg uc mspiojg jctrìcsmog g jctmrjgr y gtrg mxtmrjgr g rmif. Mf mspiojg mc pjcturi ciom ogc mf Tmciojljmctg y ogc fi pmrspmotjvi fjcmif5 sm triti bm uc mcrmejffibg ogc bjsljcuojÿc bm msoifis y piri `iomrfg lés pitmctm sm mlpfmi i lmcubg uci mstruoturi licjajmsti oglg ogfulcitis mc auhi g sumfgs iembrmzibgs. Mc mf Dirrgog ciom mf mspiojg iêrmg ormibg lmbjictm fi pmrspmotjvi iêrmi, mc êf sm pjcti `isti fi itlÿsamri. Mxjstm, pums, uci mvgfuojÿc bmsbm mf mspiojg prjljtjvg, bjihrilétjog y emrérqujog (uc tìlpicg rglécjog) `isti fi bjsgfuojÿc bmf mspiojg mc trms bjlmcsjgcms, piri vgfvmr if mspiojg pjotÿrjog djbjlmcsjgcif bmf sjhfg PP.
[éhjci 2 bm 8
m t r I f m b c ÿ j o c u A y i ì r g m R 9 ;
@jstgrji bmf Irtm
Rmgrìi y Aucojÿc bmf Irtm
: _upmrajojm5 Ms fi tmxturi mxtmrjgr bm fi gdri. Bmajcm fi gdri y bjamrmcoji rmsuftibgs ajcifms. Mc rmfjmvms virìi bmsbm mf dieg, lmbjg g iftg. ]ci msoufturi mc pjmbri pumbm smr suivm y pufjbi piri rmafmeir fi fuz, sÿfg tiljzibi piri bmeir vmr fi tmxturi bm fi pjmbri g djmc bmeirsm tgsoi lgstricbg jcofusg fis `umffis bm fis `mrriljmctis piri birfm bmcsjbib y aumrzi mxprmsjvi. Mc irqujtmoturi fis supmrajojms bm fgs litmrjifms bmajcmc tildjêc mf rmsuftibg ajcif, bmsbm fi pjmbri pufjlmctibi g sjffir piri tricsljtjr sgfjbmz m jclgrtifjbib bm fi gdri if drjffg bmf izufmeg jsféljog piri bmsfuldrir ogc mf sgf lmbjtmrrécmg g if orjstif bm fgs risoiojmfgs qum tricsljtmc uci jbmi bm auturg y pmramoojÿc. Mc pjcturi fis supmrajojms pumbmc smr bmsbm fi tmxturi hrulgsi y bmcsi bm fi pjcturi litêrjoi `isti fi pjcomfibi suivm bm fis vmfiburis if ÿfmg.
9; Lgbmfg 5 Ogc ifhucgs bm fgs mfmlmctgs ictmrjgrms, fuz y sgldris, ogfgr y supmrajojm, ogldjcibgs bm agrlis ogcormtis, isì sm ormic fgs lgbmfgs. Ouicbg uc rishg pirtjoufir g ucg bm mstgs mfmlmctgs g uci ogldjciojÿc bm mffgs sm rmpjtm ogc rmhufirjbib mc fis gdris bm uc irtjsti g bm uci msoumfi bm irtjstis, ms mctgcoms ouicbg sm `idfi bm uc lgbmfg, [.me5 uci pficti disjfjoif rglécjoi, fi sgcrjsi fmgcirbmsoi, mf bmslmsuribg vgfulmc mc bmsmqujfjdrjg bm Ljhumf Ichmf, mto.
99 Oglpgsjojÿc5 Ms mf grbmc hmcmrif bm fi gdri sj ms qum mf irtjsti fi `i ogcomdjbg ogc uci ojmrti og`mrmcoji. Ms fi agrli bm ogldjcir fgs mfmlmctgs y fis ajhuris, fis bjamrmctms smoojgcms g pirtms bm fi gdri. Mxjstmc oglpgsjojgcms prjlirjis, msqumlétjois g jcaictjfms (pgr memlpfg pgcmr uci ajhuri lés hricbm qum fis bmlés sj ms lés jlpgrtictm. Mxjstmc oglpgsjojgcms emrérqujois bm mspiojgs omctrifms y fitmrifms, oglpgsjojgcms sjlêtrjois y riojgcifms, trjichufirms y mstétjois g bjihgcifms y bjcéljois, mto.
94 Mstjfg5 Ms mf oiréotmr mstêtjog tgtif. Ms fi agrli mc qum mf irtjsti `i tritibg tgbgs fgs mfmlmctgs. (cg ogcaucbjr ogc lgbmfg, yi qum êstm õftjlg sÿfg iamoti i uc rishg pmoufjir bm fi gdri y cg i tgbi su tgtifjbib). Fgs mstjfgs ictjhugs ogjcojbmc ogc aisms `jstÿrjois g ojvjfjziojgcms5 mstjfg hrmogrrglicg, hÿtjog, rglécjog, mto. Fgs õftjlgs sm suombmc vmrtjhjcgsilmctm y sm ogcojdmc oglg vichuirb vichuirbjis. jis.
[éhjci = bm 8
m t r I f m b c ÿ j o c u A y i ì r g m R 9 ;
@jstgrji bmf Irtm
Rmgrìi y Aucojÿc bmf Irtm
Fgs mstjfgs sgc õtjfms sj bmajcmc oiriotmrìstjois hmcmrifms y mc mffgs ofisjajoilgs gdris, pmrg sgc
cgojvgs sj sm ogcsjbmric mctjbibms mc sì ljslgs, sjc rmfiojÿc lutui, oglg oglpirtjlmctgs msticogs, pgrqum isì mcogctrirmlgs gdris qum q um cg sidrmlgs mc qquê uê mstjfg jcofujrfis. I lmcubg mf mstjfg tjmcm qum vmr ogc mf hustg pgpufir (Hÿtjog) pmrg mc gtris goisjgcms cg (Qichuirbjis)
9? Jogcghriaìi5 Ms mf tmli bm fi gdri, mf ogctmcjbg ipirmctm g mf prgaucbg y msogcbjbg, ms mf lmcsiem, mf trisagcbg, mto. @isti mf sjhfg PJP oisj sjmlprm vi rmfiojgcibi ogc mf pgbmr pgfìtjog (lmomcis) g mf rmfjhjgsg. If irtjsti sm fm bidi tgbg mf prghrili jogcghréajog, ogc sus fuhirms, vmstjbgs y bjspgsjojÿc jcofujbgs. Mf irtjsti cg jcofuìi cibi y fgs tmlis fgs mfmhìi mf ofjmctm ogc iyubi bm licuifms jogcghréajogs. Rildjêc sm fm bjotidi if irtjsti fgs mamotgs bm hricbmzi, lihcjajomcoji, iustmrjbib g bmfjoibmzi. _j mf irtjsti cg sm itmcìi i mstis pmtjojgcms (cgrliflmctm rmhjstribis mc uc ogctritg) fi gdri mri rmo`izibi y bmdmrìi rmtgoirfi. Isì mf hustg bmf ofjmctm sm ogcvjrtjÿ mc ofjmctmfjslg y mc oibi êpgoi mf Tmy g fi Jhfmsji bmtmrljcidic fi Jogcghriaìi y mf mstjfg hmcmrif. [gr memlpfg mc mf lucbg orjstjicg `isti mf Tmciojljmctg sm prg`jdìi fi mxpgsjojÿc bm oumrpgs bmscubgs i cg smr qum aumric fi rmprmsmctiojÿc bmf ifli g ifhõc sictg lirtjrjzibg. Mc aisms rjhurgsis bmf orjstjicjslg tilpgog sm pmrljtìi mf lgvjljmctg bm fis ajhuris pumstg qum isì sm liroidic fis pirtms bmf oumrpg dieg fgs rgpiems. Mc oildjg fgs hrjmhgs, ogc gtrgs pgbmrms pgfìtjog-rmfjhjgsgs, iprmojidic tgbg fg `ulicg, jcofujbg mf pfiomr aìsjog, fis prgmzis itfêtjois y fi dmffmzi bm uc bmscubg jbmif. Cj sjqujmri pmrljtìic grcilmctgs cj ogfgrms qum mofjpsiric fi dmffmzi bmf oumrpg. Ms isì oglg fi oufturi bm uci ojvjfjziojÿc luo`is vmoms bmtmrljci fi jogcghriaìi y, pgr lmbjg bm fgs tmlis, pgbmlgs sidmr ogsis bmf sudogcsojmctm ogfmotjvg, bm fg qum mffgs cg pgbìic cj mxpfjoir, bm sus ispmotgs léhjogs, bm sus ljmbgs, mto. Fi jlihmc ouicbg sm ogcvjmrtm mc sìldgfg, ouicbg su trisagcbg ms luo`g lés jlpgrtictm qum su ispmotg mstêtjog, pumbm ffmhir i smr luy pgbmrgsi5 fgs Rgtmls i`uymctic fgs lifgs mspìrjtus y prgpjojic fgs aivgridfms y ouicbg uc pumdfg ogcqujstidi i gtrg sm ffmvidic g bmstruìic sus jléhmcms piri prjvirfgs bm fi iyubi bm sus bjgsms. [iri ifhucis trjdus iarjoicis, fis agtghriaìi irrmditic jlihmc i su prgpjmtirjg y pgr fg tictg aumrzi. Fi dicbmri ms uci jlihmc ogc fmyms qum fi prgtmhmc. Fi `jstgrji bmf orjstjicjslg msté ffmci bm jléhmcms ogc pgbmrms ljfihrgsgs. Mc bmajcjtjvi, fi jlihmc rmvmfi mf ispmotg lés gsourg bm fis ojvjfjziojgcms y bm fgs `gldrms y pgr mffis pgbmlgs ffmhir if sudogcsojmctm ogfmotjvg bmf pisibg oglg uc psjoÿfghg pmcmtri mc fi lmctm bm su piojmctm lmbjictm sus bjduegs. [éhjci 1 bm 8
m t r I f m b c ÿ j o c u A y i ì r g m R 9 ;
@jstgrji bmf Irtm
Rmgrìi y Aucojÿc bmf Irtm
Fi jogcghriaìi ms tgbg mstg, mf smctjbg bm fis jléhmcms, su sjhcjajoibg. Ouictg liygr ms mf
pmsg jogcghréajog bm uci jlihmc lmcgr ms su pmsg mstêtjog. [mrg tildjêc `iy jléhmcms sjc sjhcjajoibg, bmstjcibis i fi lmri ogctmlpfiojÿc ogc tmlpfiojÿc mstêtjoi.
92 @jstgrji bmf Irtm5 Fi gdri bm irtm jcbjvjbuif bmdm smr ogcsjbmribi mc rmfiojÿc ogc su pgsjojÿc bmctrg bm uc msqumli bm bmsirrgffg `jstÿrjog sj qumrmlgs mctmcbmrfi. Fi @jstgrji bmf Irtm iyubi i fi @jstgrji mc hmcmrif pmrg cg pumbm pumb m smr mctmcbjbi sjc mffi, sjc mf ogctmxtg `jstÿrjog. Mxjstm uci mvgfuojÿc qum sm mstruoturi mc pmrìgbgs y mstjfgs lés g lmcgs `glghêcmgs. Oibi gdri sm jcofuym mc ucg bm mffgs y bmdm smr mctmcbjbi mc rmfiojÿc ogc msgs pmrìgbgs irtìstjogs. Fgs mstubjgsgs `ic jctmctibg bmsoudrjr fis fmyms (sj fi `iy) qum rjhmc mstm oildjg bm mstjfgs, fi mvgfuojÿc irtìstjoi, mf lgtgr bmf irtm, y mc rmfiojÿc i mstg `iy ouitrg tmgrìis.
9.992.9
Ogc agrlitg5 Culmriojÿc
y vjùmtis
Ogc agrlitg5 Culmriojÿc
y vjùmtis
Ogc agrlitg5 Culmriojÿc
y vjùmtis
Mvgfuojÿc têocjoi5
Oibi hmcmriojÿc iprmcbm fg bm fi ictmrjgr y i pirtjr bm i`ì sjhum bmsoudrjmcbg ogsis cumvis. [gr msg oibi vmz mf bgljcjg bm fgs litmrjifms y bm fis têocjois sgc lmegrms. _jc mldirhg `iy pmrìgbgs bm msticoiljmctg (Mhjptg) m jcofusg rmtrgomsg (lucbg tirbgrrglicg)
9.492.4
Mvgfuojÿc djgfÿhjoi5
Ms uci tmgrìi qum ciom bm Birwjc y tgbg mf pgsjtjvjslg bm ajcifms bm sjhfg PJP. Mctmcbmlgs fi sgojmbib oglg uc grhicjslg vjvg qum bm aisms mfmlmctifms pisi i aisms lis iviczibis pgrqum mf `gldrm sm pmramoojgci mc fi smfmoojÿc y fis sgojmbibms tildjêc, isì oglg fis ciojgcms. _ÿfg fis lés prmpiribis pmrvjvmc y bgljcic i fis bmlés. Isì surhmc @jstgrjis bmf Irtm pgr ciojgcms g ojvjfjziojgcms oglpfmtis oglg fi bm Ifmlicji, Jtifji, [mrsji, mto.
9.?92.?
Mvgfuojÿc sgojgfÿhjoi5
@iy uci rmfiojÿc bjrmoti mctrm mf Irtm y fis mxjhmcojis bm fi sgojmbib piri fi qum sm prgbuom msm Irtm. Ogcagrlm iviczi fi sgojmbib y su oufturi y, sgdrm tgbg, su mogcglìi, tildjêc iviczi su Irtm, mf ouif sm ogcvjmrtm mc `mhmlÿcjog sj isì fg ms su mogcglìi. [mrg mctgcoms ·oÿlg sm mxpfjoi qum mc uci ljsli sgojmbib `iyi bgs g lés mstjfgs bjamrmctms g jcofusg ictihÿcjogs7.
[éhjci 8 bm 8
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