Teoria General de Sistema (TGS)

 

„3\EKQLT]K@C@ ECMKGECN @L VK\TC’ ACM\NPC@ @L KEJ. @L IKEC] L]M\LNC CMC@LIKMC VTGAL]KGECN KEJ. IKEC] @LVCTPCILEPG CMC@LIKMG KEJ. IKEC]

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Mursg8 Ig`lngs y ]kiuncmkgels `l ikec

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Plic8 Plgréc Jlelrcn `l ]kstlics

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]lilstrl8 K

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Mkmng8 KR

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Cnuiegs8 Ce`y Hgsul Qknncntc ]likecrkg

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@gmletl8 Kej. Jrkicn`g L`iue`g ]ccvl`rc Arécs

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Almbc `l letrljc 8 4:/62/4646

 

KEPTG@\MMKÝE Ln prlsletl trcdchg sl lxpnkmý nc tlgréc jlelrcn `l skstlic, ln mucn tklel mgig prgpýsktg lstu`kcr ln skstlic mgig ue tg`g, tgice`g mgig dcsl sus mgipgeletls y cecnkzce`g ncs rlncmkgels lxkstletls lxkstletls letrl ls lstcs. tcs. C`liãs, sl ketlrprltý nc gplrcmkýe gplrcmkýe ikelrc mgig ue skstlic, ln mucn tklel uec slrkl `l prgmlsgs (sudskstlics), ngs mucnls sge8 Lxtrcmmkýe, Vrgmlscikletg,, Tlakecmkýe y Aue`kmkýe. Vrgmlscikletg ]l `lsmrkdký ue skstlic utknkzce`g ngs aue`ciletgs `l nc tlgréc jlelrcn `l skstlic, tcidkëe sl mktý ue prgdnlic le ln mucn sl lxpnkmc mýig sl `ldl sgnumkgecr, utknkzce`g nc tlgréc jlelrcn `l skstlics. Vgr øntkig, sl lstcdnlmký `kalrlemkcs letrlncsskstliãtkmg y skstëikmg, ln ue prkilrg sl letkle`l mgig uec iltg`gngjéc `l bcmlr mgscs, ls `lmkr qul skjul prgmlsg (slmulemkc), ikletrcs qul ln sljue`g sl letkle`l mgig ue mgehuetg `l lnliletgs qul ketlrcmtøce pcrc ln ngjrg `l gdhltkvg/s mgiøe/ls.

 

PLGTKC JLELTCN @L ]K]PLIC Aul prls Aul prlsle letc tc`c `c pgr pgr Nu Nu`w `wke kejj Qg Qgee Dl Dlrt rtcn cnce ceaay aay mg mgig ig ue igvk igvkik ikle letg tg mk mkle leté téak akmg mg kipgrtcetl le nc dkgngjéc y nc aéskmc, qul dusmc uec tlgréc mge uegs prkemkpkgs vãnk`gs  pcrc ln skstlic le le jlelrcn. Lstã tlgréc trctc `l uec mgemlskýe lstrumturc`c c ue iëtg`g nýjkmg, qul tklel mgig  prgpýsktg lstu`kcr ln skstlic mgig ue tg`g, `l agric éetljrc, tgice`g mgig dcsl sus mgipgeletls y cecnkzce`g ncs rlncmkgels l ketlrrlncmkgels lxkstletls letrl lstcs, tg`g lnng il`kcetl nc cpnkmcmkýe `l lstrctljkc mkletéakmc, ng qul mge`uml c ue letle`kikletg jngdcn y jlelrcn `ln skstlic. Lxkstle 4 leagquls `l nc tlgréc jlelrcn `l skstlic8 Ln prkilrg trctc `l gdslrvcr ln uekvlrsg lipérkmg y lsmgjlr mklrtgs aleýilegs ecturcnls qul sl lemuletrce le ncs `kalrletls `ksmkpnkecs y trctcr `l mgestrukr ue ig`lng tlýrkmg qul slc rlnlvcetl pcrc lsgs aleýilegs. Mgesk`lrc ue mgehuetg `l tg`gs ngs skstlics mgemldkdnls y dusmc rl`umkrng c ue mgehuetg `l ue tcicóg iãs rczgecdnl. 

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Ln sljue`g leagqul gr`lec ngs mcipgs lipérkmgs le uec hlrcrquéc, lstl leagqul ls iumbg iãs skstliãtkmg skstliãtkmg qul ln prkilrg y mge`uml c ng qul sl bc `legikec`g \E ]K]PLIC @L ]K]PLIC].

]LJØE NC PLGTKC JLELTCN @L ]K]PLIC] MGIG \]PL@ KEPLTVTLPCTÉC NC GVLTCMKÝE IKELTC. Nc gplrcmkýe ikelrc ls nc ltcpc `ln mkmng ikelrg le nc qul sl lxtrcl ln ikelrcn mgetlek`g le ue ycmkikletg, jlelrcniletl ls nc ltcpc iãs ncrjc `l tg`cs. Vl Vlrg rg pcrc pcrc nnlj nnljcr cr bc bcst stcc nc lxtr lxtrcm cmmk mkýe ýe sl skju skjull ue pr prgm gmls lsg, g, ln mu mucn cn ke kekm kmkc kc mg mgee nc  prgsplmmkýe,  prgsplmmký e, skjukle`g mge nc lxpngrcmkýe, lvcnucmkýe `l prgylmtg, `lscrrgnng y mgestrummkýe, lxpngtcmkýe lxpngtcmkýe y mklrrl `l ikec. ]ljøee nc tlgréc ]ljø jlelrcn skstl skstlic, ic, lstu`kc ln skstl skstlic mgig ue tg`g, (sudskstlics) ketlrprltg ketlrprltg qulncs nc gplrcmkýe ikelrcjlel ls rcn ue `l skstlic ln mucn cdcrmc uecic slrkl `l prgmlsgs mucnls sge8 Lxtrcmmkýe, Vrgmlscikletg, Tlakecmkýe y Aue`kmkýe. @kmbgs sudskstlics sl rlncmkgece letrl sé, mge nc akecnk`c` `l ngjrcr ue gdhltkvg qul slréc lxtrclr ln ikelrcn `ln ycmkikletg, mgilrmkcnkzcrng y gdtlelr ncs jcecemkcs prlvkstcs.

 

@L]MTKDC \E ]K]PLIC @L GVLTCMKÝE \PKNKXCE@G NG] A\E@CILEPG] @L NC PLGTKC @L ]K]PLIC]

IKELTC

]K]PLIC @L VLTAGTCMKÝE (@lscrrgnng) (RM-0340W2)

LEPTC@C

VTGML]G

Lelrjéc Lnëmtrkmc Dcrrcs Drgmcs Vrlskýe `l ckrl Vrlskýe `l cjuc Icnnc pketc`c

]CNK@C

@kslóg `l plragrcmkýe Vlragrcmkýe `l Pcnc`rgs

 

MKPL \E VTGDNLIC S\L ]L VTL]LEPL LE NC GVLTCMKÝE IKELTC [ \]CE@G NC PLGTÉC @LN VLE]CIKLEPG ]K]PËIKMG LRVNKS\L M\ÃN ]LTÉC NC ICELTC @L ]GN\MKGECTNG

Nc tlgréc `lnpcrc plescikletg letkle`l mgig ue mgehuetg `l lnliletgs qul ketlrcmtøce ln ngjrg `lskstëikmg gdhltkvg/sslmgiøe/ls. @letrg `l nc gplrcmkýe ikelrc su gdhltkvg ls lxtrclr ln ikelrcn mgetlek`g le ln ycmkikletg, pcrc lnngs skjul ue prgmlsg (sudskstlics)8 lxtrcmmkýe, prgmlscikletg, rlakecmkýe y aue`kmkýe. Nc lxtrcmmkýe skjul ue prgmlsg8 plragrcmkýe, vgnc`urc, mcrjuég y trcespgrtl. Pg`gs lstgs prgmlsgs sl rlncmkgece pcrc ngjrcr ln gdhltkvg qul tklele le mgiøe. Vlrgg qul sum Vlr suml`l l`l sk le ln prg prgml mlsg sg `l plrag plragrcm rcmkýe kýe gmur gmurrl rl nc „@lsvkcmkýe `l tcnc`rgs’, gdtl gdtle` e`ré réci cigs gs `c `cóg ógss le nc vgnc vgnc`u `urc rc,, pr prgd gdnl nlic icss le ln mc mcrj rjué uégg `l lxpngskvgs y cuiletg le ln mgstg `l plragrcmkýe, tcidkëe sl gdtle`réc mgeslmulemkcs le ln vgnuile `l ikelrcn gdtlek`g. Nc `lsvkcmkýe `lsvkcmkýe `l tc tcnc`rgs nc`rgs sl `ldl cn icn pgskm pgskmkgecikletg kgecikletg `l nc iãqukec iãqukec plragrc`grc, c icygr prgaue`k`c` icygr ls nc `lsvkcmkýe `l ngs tcnc`rgs. ·Mýig pg`ligs lvktcr nc `lsvkcmkýe `l tcnc`rgs, pcrc ue dule `kslóg `l plragrcmkýe7 Vrkilrg, `ldligs cecnkzcr ngs acmtgrls qul jlelrce `lsvkcmkýe `l tcnc`rgs `urcetl nc  plragrcmkýe. Lstgs acmtgrls pul`le slr8 nc `urlzc `l nc rgmc, nc icnc lnlmmkýe `ln lqukpg `l plragrcmkýe, ln `lsjctl `l nc dcrrc, drgmcs eg caknc`cs, ltm. Vcrc lnng, `ldligs `l vlrkakmcr qul ln lqukpg lstl trcdchce`g `l icelrc gptkic, qul eg bcyc `lsjctl le ncs dcrrcs, qul ncs drgmcs lstëe caknc`cs, tcidkëe sl `ldl bcmlr uec  dulec slprgdnlic. `ldl utknkzcr blrrcikletcs pcrc vlrkakmcr ln pcrcnlnksig `l ngs tcnc`rgssuplrvkskýe, y csé lvktcr ln

 

LHLIVNKAKS\L [ @L]MTKDC \E VTGDNLIC @L GVLTCMKÝE IKELTC L]PCDNLMKLE@G @L S\Ë ICELTC A\EMKGEC NC TLPTGCNKILEPCMKÝE Lxtrcmmkýe8   Vlragrcmkýe

@kslóg plragrc`g

Prgec`urc

Prcespgrtl

Mcrjuég

Vncetc (ikelrcn)

Dgtc`lrgs (lstërkn) \e prgdnlic qul calmtcréc c tg`g ln skstlic `l lxtrcmmkýe slréc8 Acnncs `l `kspcrgs  

Pcnc`rg cnkvkg `l`l  plqulóg `kãiltrg

@lsvkcmkgels le ln  pcrcnlnksig

]us mcuscs sge

Lspcmkcikletgs krrljuncrls letrl tcnc`rgs

Krrljuncr  ngejktu` letrl tcnc`rgs

Ketlrslmmkýe `l tcnc`rgs

 

Pg`cs lstcs mcuscs, gmcskgece gmcskgece ue icygr mgstg `l plragrcmkýe y calmtce cn vgnuile `ln ikelrcn. ·@l quë icelrc auemkgec nc rltrgcnkiletcmkýe le lstl prgdnlic7 Auemkgec ig`kakmce`g y mgetrgnce`g ncs mcuscs qul prg`umle ln prgdnlic, bcmkle`g uec ilhgrc le ln prgmlsg.

Vncelcr 

Vncekakmcr ln `kslóg `l plragrcmkýe y vgnc`urc, tgice`g le muletc ncs il`k`cs `l nc ncdgr y nc `urlzc `l nc rgmc

Bcmlr 

Ngs `kslógs pncekakmc`gs, rlcnkzcrngs le ln mcipg

Qlrkakmcr 

Cmtucr 

@ldligs vlrkakmcr qul ln lqukpg `l plragrcmkýe lstl trcdce`g le ýptkics mge`kmkgels, qul sl bcyc caknc`g ncs  drgmcs y ncs dcrrcs dcrrcs eg prlsletle prlsletle `lsjcstl, `lsjcstl, tcidkëe sl `ldl bcmlr ue suplrvkskýe mgetkeuc, pcrc qul eg sl rlcnkmle ncs mcuscs `ln prgdnlic, pcrc lnng sl `ldl utknkzcr blrrcikletcs pcrc il`kr nc ngejktu` `ln tcnc`rg y vlrkakmcr ln pcrcnlnksig `l lstcs

Le mcsg, gmurrc uec `l ncs mcuscs ilemkgec`cs cetlrkgriletl `ldligs `l cmtucr keil`kctciletl, pgr  lhlipng8 le mcsg sl ketlrslmtcrce ngs tcnc`rgs, `ldligs `l rlcnkzcr ue tcnc`rg pcrcnlng c lstl.

 

LHLIVNKAKS\Ë [ @L]MTKDC MGIG NC ]CNK@C @L \E ]\D]K]PLIC ]L MGE]PKP\[L LE LEPTC@C @L GPTG ]\D]K]PLIC LE \EC GVLTCMKÝE IKELTC @LPLTIKEC@C. ]K]PLIC @L VLTAGTCMKÝE

]K]PLIC @L QGNC@\TC

]K]PLIC @L VLTAGTCMKÝE (@lscrrgnng) (RM-0340W2)

LEPTC@C

VTGML]G

]CNK@C

Lelrjéc Lnëmtrkmc @kslóg `l plragrcmkýe Dcrrcs

Vlragrcmkýe `l Pcnc`rgs

Drgmcs Vrlskýe `l cjuc Vrlskýe `l ckrl Icnnc pketc`c

]K]PLIC @L QGNC@\TC LEPTC@C

VTGML]G

@kslóg `l plragrcmkýe Lxpngskvgs Cmmlsgrkgs `l vgnc`urc @kslóg `l vgnc`urc

Prcdchg ilmãekmg  prg`umk`g pgr nc trcesagricmkýe `l nc lelrjéc pgtlemkcn c mkeëtkmc

]CNK@C

Arcjiletcmkýe `l nc rgmc Agricmkýe `l pknc

 

TLVTL]LEPL NC CVNKMCMKÝE NC PLGTÉC @LN VLE]CIKLEPG ]K]PËIKMG C NC GVLTCMKÝE IKELTC

3.

4. Vrgsplmmkýe

=.

Lxpngrcmkýe

Lvcnucmkýe `ln prgylmtg

Mgesks Mges kstl tl le ng ngmc mcnkz nkzcr  cr  cegicnécs jlgnýjkmcs le nc mgrtlzc tlrrlstrl. Ncs tëmekmcs iãs utknkzc`cs8 Vncegs `l Jlgngjéc Tljkgecn Icpcs Jlgaéskmc 

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Mgeskstl le lstcdnlmlr  `kileskgels lxcmtcs y ln vcng vcngrr `ln `ln `l `lpý pýsk sktg tg ikelrcn. Ncs tëmekmcs iãs utknkzc`cs8 ]ge`chls `kcicetkegs Iulstrlg `l tøelnls, tøel nls, zce zcehcs, hcs, mcikegs

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Lstu`kg `l Vrlacmtkdknk`c` Lstu`kg `l Acmtkdknk`c`

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Agtgjrcaécs clrlcs

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