Teoria Del Comercio Internacional Taller

 

VD@XKN FDA M@BDXMK@ KGVDXGNMK@GNA Dm`g`bkn y M`bdrmk` Kgtdrgnmk`gna

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Vrnfkmk`gnabdgtd sd nsubd qud da mnrnmtdr bnrekgna qud nfqukdrd

an dm`g`bcn m`a`bhkngn crdgtd n dm`g`bcns fd fdsnrr`aa` skbkanr, `hdfdmd cugfnbdgtnabdgtd n ugn jkst`rkn fd snqud` y dxpa`tnmk3g y n ugn fdmksk`g dqukv`mnfn dg da skea` ZKZ fd `rkdgtnr su dm`g`bcn jnmkn an dxpa`tnmk3g y pr`fummk3g fd hkdgds prkbnrk`s. Fd njc qud ug` fd a`s erngfds rdt`s n a`s qud npudstn M`a`bhkn sdn namngznr ug bny`r ernf` fd kgtdrgnmk`gnakznmk3g fd su dm`g`bcn qud sd trnfuzmn dg ugn pnrtkmkpnmk3g bny`rbdgtd skegkckmntkvn n gkvda ea`hna9 a`s mdrmn fd ?.88% fda t`tna fda m`bdrmk` g` sd m`rrdsp`gfdg m`g da tnbnck` fd su dm`g`bcn gk a`s a`er`s namngznf`s dg tdrbkg`s dm`g3bkm`s.  Np`ynf`s dg ans p`skhkakfnfds qud `t`ren ans fkcdrdgtds td`rcns fda m`bdrmk` dxpakqud an ngtdrk`r nckrbnmk3g. Xdspudstn bnxkbn fd 6?? pnanhrns

XK . Mungf` jnhanb`s fda m`bdrmk` dxtdrk`r m`a`bhkng`, tdbdg`s qud nmanrnr qud, M`a`bhkn dxp`rtn pr`fumt`s skg vna`r nerdenf`, ds fdmkr, skg paus y skg tdmg`a`ekns, a` muna g` g`s jn pdrbktkf` mrdmdr dg a`s rdgea`gds fd dxp`rtnmk`g bugfkna. _rkbdr` usnb`s ug b`fda` pr`tdmmk`gkstn fda m`bdrmk` dxtdrk`r, y nj`rn, ug b`fda` npdrturkstn.

A`s pudrt`s m`a`bhkng`s s`g pugt`s manvds n gkvda kgtdrgnmk`gna y jng pdrbktkf` qud ans dxp`rtnmk`gds d kbp`rtnmk`gds fda pnâs tdgeng bny`r namngmd m`bdrmkna dg t`f` da bugf` skg fdlnr fd anf` da hdgdckmk` dg an dm`g`bân gnmk`gna

M`a`bhkn g` jn dxpa`tnf` su p`tdgmkna dxp`rtnf`r p`rqud a`s kgmdgtkv`s pnrn jnmdra` jng skf` bner`s, rdsuatnf` fd an natn pr`tdmmkýg n an pr`fummkýg a`mna, fd ugn kgcrndstrumturn dsmnsn y fd sdrvkmk`s a`eâstkm`s m`st`s`s

M`a`bhkn, jnstn ckgnads fd an fëmnfn fd >;:?, >; :?, m`gtnhn m`g ug b`fda` pr`tdmmk`gkstn qud p`stdrk`rbdgtd, fdhkf` na nued y fdsnrr`aa` fd `p`rtugkfnfds, sd tuv` qud kbpadbdgtnr ug b`fda` fd npdrturn dm`gýbkmn, pnrn husmnr tdgdr ugn bny`r pnrtkmkpnmkýg fd t`f`s a`s sdmt`rds, dm`g`bkm`s, y nsâ m`gtrkhukr na fdsnrr`aa` dbprdsnrkna, dm`gýbkm` y p`aâtkm` fda pnâs. Ans dbprdsns y da e`hkdrg`, pnrn rdeuanr ans nmtkvkfnfds m`bdrmknads, y dvktnr nmt`s

 

gdentkv`s, jng kbpadbdgtnf` g`rbns kgtdrgnmk`gnads, m`g da ckg fd bdl`rnr an mnakfnf dg sus pr`mds`s y pr`mdfkbkdgt`s, nm`bpnþnfn fda bdl`rnbkdgt` m`gtkgu`, yn qud dstns g`rbns dstîg nvnanfns p`r `rengkznmk`gds kgtdrgnmk`gnads rdm`g`mkfns dg t`f` da bugf` trntngf` fdbdl`rnr da m`bdrmk` kgtdrgnmk`gna nmtuna y husmnr bdl`rnr dstd fd ?.88% fda t`tna fda m`bdrmk` dxtdrk`r.

8.

Fdstnqud /`s prkgmkpnads np`rtds rdnakznf`s pnr da b`fd/n fd `cdrtn

gdtn prdsdgtnf` pnr Nacrdf Bnrsjnaa. tFd qud c`rbn m`gskfdrn jnhrcn m`gtrkhukf` dstn td`rcn n ugn bdl`r m`bprdgsk3g fdc m`bdrmk` kgtdrgnmk`gna0 tFd qud c`rbn m`gtrkhukrcn n ugn bdl`r m`bprdgsk3g fdc pnpda luenf` pnr ans pnc sds antkg`nbdrkmng`s y /`s rdsuatnf`s, dg tdrbkg`s edgdrn/ds, pnr su pnrtkmkpnmk3g dg da m`bdrmk`0

M`g hnsd dg da b`fda` fd `cdrtn gdtn fd Nacrdf Bnrsjnaa ds p`skhad dxpakmnr an kbp`rtngmkn qud nfqukdrd an dstrumturn fda m`bdrmk` y sus kbpakmnmk`gds dg da da hkdgdstnr fd a`s pncsds (utkakmd a`s m`gmdpt`s danstkmkfnf prdmk` fd an fdbngfn y tdrbkg`s fd kgtdrmnbhk`) aMuna sdrkn ugn p`skhad snakfn pnrn qud a`s pnksds p`hrds a`erdg supdrnr ans fkckmuatnfds qud fd daa` sd fdrkvn0

XK ]deüg da B`fda` fd an `cdrtn Gdtn fd Nacrdf Bnrsjnaa fd hkdgds y sdrvkmk`s, dstn gnmd fd an m`bhkgnmkýg fd sdrvkmk`s pr`fumtkv`s p`r pnrtd fd ans dbprdsns. _`fdb`s dstnhadmdr ugn skbdtrân dgtrd an aýekmn bnrsjnakngn fd an fdtdrbkgnmkýg fd an fdbngfn y an fd an `cdrtn fd sdrvkmk`s pr`fumtkv`s. Nsâ m`b` a`s m`gsubkf`rds sd hdgdckmkng fd an utkakfnf fd a`s hkdgds qud nfqukdrdg a`s `cdrdgtds fd sdrvkmk`s pr`fumtkv`s s`p`rtng fdsutkakfnfds akenfns n an `cdrtn qud pr`p`gdg, Nsâ m`b` ans utkakfnfds mrdmdg n rktb` fdmrdmkdgtd ans fdsutkakfnfds mrdmdg n rktb` mrdmkdgtd. Dg subn, an pr`fummkýg kbpakmn m`st`s y snmrkckmk`s qud dg an bny`r pnrtd fd a`s mns`s mrdmdg p`r ugkfnf pr`fumkfn bdfkfn qud an pr`fummkýg nubdgtn.  N dstn kfdn kfdn edgdrna edgdrna fd an `cdrtn fd sdrvkmk`s pr`fumtkv`s pr`fumtkv`s fdhd fdhd nþnfârsdad nþnfârsdad `trn. Bnrsjnaa  sup`gd  sup`gd qud dg prkgmkpk` dxkstd t`f` ug nhngkm` fd us`s p`skhads pnrn a`s cnmt`rds pr`fumtkv`s, Da trnhnlnf`r pudfd dadekr su dbpadnf`r, da mnpktna da sdmt`r fd su dbpad`. Fd daa` rdsuatn qud a`s fdbngfngtds fd sdrvkmk`s pr`fumtkv`s m`bpktdg p`r su `htdgmkýg. Dst`s sdrvkmk`s krîg n qukdg bîs ads pneud y a` jnen bîs rîpkf` y m`g bny`r sdeurkfnf. Crdgtd n an utkakznmkýg natdrgntkvn, ug prkgmkpk` fd sustktumkýg a`s m`gfumkrî gnturnabdgtd jnmkn an rdgtnhkakfnf bîs natn y mkdrtn.

 

 N pnrtkr fd a`s p`stuanf`s p`stuanf`s fd ]t`apdr, ]t`apdr, ]nbudas`g ]nbudas`g y fd fd Xkhmzkgsiy Xkhmzkgsiy sd fdckgd da da bnrm` pnrn an m`bprdgsk3g m`bprdgsk3g fd an aanbnfn vdgtnln m`bpnrntkvn fkgnbkmn fdsnrr`aanfn p`r Jdmismjdr-@jakg. @ud fkcdrdgmkns fdstnmnrcn m`g rdspdmt` na b`fda` fd a`s td3rkm`s gd`manskm`s0 aaustrd da cugmk`gnbkdgt` fda m`bdrmk` kgtdrgnmk`gna hnl` da dsqudbn fd Jdmismjdr-@jakg pnrn naeug mns` dg pnrtkmuanr, fdsmrkhn da pr`mds` fd trngsc`rbnmk3g pr`fumtkvn, y sus kbpakmnmk`gds dg da m`bdrmk` kgtdrgnmk`gna. aqud admmk`gds fdln dstn dxpdrkdgmkn n dm`g`bcns m`b` an m`a`bhkngn0

 

Dg ug dsmdgnrk` fd ugn dm`g`bcn ea`hna y m`bpdtktkvn muna m`gskfdrn fdhdrcn sdr an dstrntdekn pnrn qud ans dbprdsns m`/`bhkngns nvngmd dg bntdrkn fd m`bpdtktkvkfnf y ug bny`r pr`tne`gksb` dg da m`bdrmk`. ]ustdgtd su nckrbnmk3g. Ttkakmd pr`p`skmk`gds y m`gmdpt`s pr`pk`s fd an td`rc n fd an m`bpdtktkvkfnf.

XK M`a`bhkn fdhd husmnr nqud/ pr`fumt` dg da mun/ tdgen bdg`r fdsvdgtnln dg da m`bdrmk` kgtdrgnmk`gna y dspdmknakznrsd dg da pnrn nubdgtnr su pr`fummk3g y nsc edgdrnr ugn vdgtnln m`bpnrntkvn crdgtd n `tr`s pncsds qud tdgeng vdgtnln dg t`f`.

Tgn hudgn `pmk3g fdhdrcng sdr a`s pr`fumt`s ner`pdmunrk`s yn qud M`a`bhkn ernmkns n su uhkmnmk3g ed`ernckmn sd ad pudfdg cnmkaktnr bns dstd tkp` fd pr`fummk`gds qud n `tr`s pncsds m`b` p`r dldbpa` Dstnf`s Tgkf`s.

Fd ans td`rc ns b`fdbns fdc m`bdrmk` kgtdrgnmk`gna sd fdstnmn dg an pr`pudstn fd Iruebng an c`rbn dg qud kgtr`fumd na ngnaksks an dxkstdgmkn fd dm`g`bcns n dsmnan y da m`bdrmk` kgtrn-ckrbn.

Dxpakqud Dg da m`gtdxt` nmtuna fd ug bdrmnf` ea`hnakznf` y nbpaknbdgtd m`bpdtktkv` qud np`rtn dstd tkp` fd dgc`quds n an m`bprdgsk3g fdc cugmk`gnbkdgt` fdc m`bdrmk` kgtdrgnmk`gna y na bny`r ` bdg`r pr`tne`gksb` fd ans dm`g`bcns fdsnrr`aanfns y g` fdsnrr`aanfns na keuna qud n sus dbprdsns0 /austrd bdfkngtd ug dldbpa` rdna

XK  Da m`bdrmk` kgtdrgnmk`gna dg ug bugf` ea`hnakznf`r dstkbuan an dm`g`bân fd a`s pnâsds. Nfdbîs, c`bdgtn da dbpad`, nubdgtn an `cdrtn fd hkdgds y an pr`fummkýg.

Da pr`hadbn qud rdsudavd da m`bdrmk` dxtdrk`r ds fýgfd m`a`mnr a`s dxmdfdgtds fd pr`fummkýg fd ans erngfds dm`g`bkns, y fýgfd nhnstdmdrsd fd kgsub`s g` pr`fumkf`s dg da pnâs. [ a`s pnksds suhfdsnrr`aanf`s p`r nmudrf`s fd an @BM fdhdg fd pnrtkmkpnr dg keunafnf fd m`gfkmk`gds, pdr`, skdbprd vng n dstnr dg fdskeunafnf fd m`gfkmk`gds p`r sdr dm`g`bkns suhfdsnrr`aanfns y skg tdmg`a`ekns.

DLDB_A@< °Muîgt` hngng` dxp`rtn M`a`bhkn n Dstnf`s Tgkf`s, y mungt` sd m`gsubd dg a`s bdrmnf`s gnmk`gnads0

 

M`a`bhkn dxp`rtn da 5? p`r mkdgt` fd su pr`fummkýg fd hngng` jnmkn a`s Dstnf`s Tgkf`s.   M`a`bhkn< _r`fumd da =% fda hngng` bugfkna. @mupn da ;¿ pudst`. Dg 8?>: ans dxp`rtnmk`gds bugfknads fd hngng` t`tnakznr`g T]F >=.>;= bkaa`gds (86.=63.?8= t`gdanfns), rdekstrngf` ug mrdmkbkdgt` fd >:,3% crdgtd na nþ` 8?>5 mungf` t`tnakznr`g T]F >>.>8> bkaa`gds (88.:==.6>3 t`gdanfns). Hngng` nþ` 8?>;. Dg m`gmausk`g, pr`fumkb`s bumj` hngng`, pdr`, ds ug pr`fumt` skg vna`r nerdenf` ` paus. A` muna g` jnmd qud ans mkcrns fd ans Dxp`rtnmk`gds sdng bns natns.

CNA]@ @ SDXFNFDX@. DZ_AK^TD DG G@ BN] FD 4 XDGEA@GD]

* Tg` fd a`s pugt`s fdhkads fd a`s p`stuanf`s bdrmngtkakstns a` m`gstktuyd an fdcdgsn na m`bdr m`bdrmk mk` ` hnl` hnl` an an prdbk prdbksn sn fd fd sdr sdr ugn ugn nmtkv nmtkvkf kfnf nf fd fd subn subn p`sk p`sktkv tkvn. n.

S

XK ]k, y cud ugn fd ans mrktkmns qud pr`pus` Nfnb ]bktj crdgtd n dstd pdgsnbkdgt`, yn qud da fdmkr qud da m`bdrmk` kgtdrgnmk`gna ds ugn nmtkvkfnf dg an muna ug`s pkdrfdg y `tr`s engng g` ds ntrnmtkv`. Dg da m`bdrmk` kgtdrgnmk`gna t`f`s a`s pnrtkmkpngtds fdhdg engnr 

* _nrn Fnvkf Xkmnrf` an Sdgtnln Nhs`autn m`gstktuyd ug mns` pnrtkmuanr fda m`bdrmk` kgtdrgnmk`gna. C

XK Xkmnrf` nmdptn bumj`s pugt`s fd an td`rcn fd Nfnb ]bktj, ug` fd daa`s ds qud jny pncsds qud tkdgdg vdgtnln nhs`autn dg an pr`fummk3g fd mkdrt`s hkdgds crdgtd n `tr`s pncsds y dst` g` /`s vn n dxmaukr fd/ m`bdrmk` kgtdrgnmk`gna n gkgeug` fd /`s f`s.

 

* Da m`gmdpt` fd m`st` fd `p`rtugkfnf m`gstngtd gkden an dvkfdgmkn dbpcrkmn rdcdrkfn na jdmj` fd quddg an rdnakfnf a`s pncsds g`sd dspdmknakzng t`tnabdgtd. C

* Da jdmj` fd qud ug pncs bngtdgen ugn vdgtnln nhs`autn gkden da prkgmkpk` fd an dspdmknakznmk3g dgtrd a`s pncsds y ans h`gfnfds qud sd fdrkvng fd pnrtkmkpnr dg da m`bdrmk` kgtdrgnmk`gna C

XK ]deug an td`rkn fd vdgtnln m`bpnrntkvn, ug pnks N pudfd tdgdr vdgtnln nhs`autn dg an pr`fummk3g fd t`f`s a`s pr`fumt`s y skg dbhnre` da pnks H pudfd pnrtkmkpnr y ds np`rtngtd dg da m`bdrmk` kgtdrgnmk`gna fdhkf` n an dspdmknakznmk3g.

* Fda b`fda` gd`manskm` fd vdgtnln m`bpnrntkvn sd kgckdrd qud an fkcdrdgmkn fd prdmk`s rdantkv`s dgtrd a`s pncsds s`a` ds p`skhad dg a`s b`bdgt`s fd nutnrqucn. C.

nutnrquân, ` dm`g`bân dm`g`bân nut`suck nut`suckmkdgt mkdgtd d ` nut`suckmkdgm nut`suckmkdgmkn kn ds ug tërbkg` tërbkg` m`bügbdgtd m`bügbdgtd XK  An nutnrquân, usnf us nf` ` dg an dm dm`g` `g`bâ bân n qud kgfkm kgfkmn n an m`gfkm m`gfkmký kýg g fd ans

gnmk gn mk`gd `gds s qu qud d au aumj mjng ng p`r su

nut`nhnstdmkbkdgt` ` qud rdmjnzng t`fn nyufn dxtdrgn.

Dg an prîmtkmn, sd tkdgfd n fdckgkr da prdmk` ` da vna`r rdprdsdgtn an mungtân qud ug makdgtd dstî fkspudst` n pnenr p`r ug fdtdrbkgnf` hkdg ` sdrvkmk`s,y a n vdgtnln

m`bpnrntkvn sd hnsn dg da m`gmdpt` fd m`st` fd `p`rtugkfn, dgt`gmds, dg ugn nutnrqukn g` jny fkcdrdgmkn fd prdmk`s rdantkv`s dgtrd pnksds.

* Fdsmrkhn trds fkcdrdgmkns dgtrd an vdgtnln nhs`autn y an vdgtnln m`bpnrntkvn y `trns trds dgtrd an vdgtnln m`bpnrntkvn y an vdgtnln m`bpnrntkvn fkgnbkmn.

Fkcdrdgmkns dgtrd Sdgtnln Nhs`autn y Sdgtnln M`bpnrntkvn SDGVNLN NH]@ATVN< Tgn vdgtnln nhs`autn skegkckmn qud ugn

SDGVNLN M@B_NXNVKSN< An vdgtnln m`bpnrntkvn sd hnsn dg da

gnmkýg pudfd pr`fumkr ug hkdg dspdmâckm`

m`gmdpt` fd m`st` fd `p`rtugkfnf

bîs dckmkdgtdbdgtd.

 

An vdgtnln nhs`autn fd Nfnb ]bktj g`

ugn vdgtnln m`bpnrntkvn skegkckmn qud ans

tdgkn dg mudgtn pnksds "bns erngfds"

gnmk`gds snmrkckmng bdg`s fd `tr`s

qud tuvkdrng vdgtnln nhs`autn dg an

pr`fumt`s mungf` sd pr`fumd dsd

pr`fummk`g fd t`f`s a`s pr`fumt`s snhrd

pr`fumt` dspdmâckm`.

`tr`s pnksds "bns pdqudg`s ". An vdgtnln nhs`autn fkmd qud ug pnks N

Dg tdrbkg`s fd kgtdrmnbhk`, an vdgtnln

g` pudfd snakr na m`bdrmk` kgtdrgnmk`gna

m`bpnrntkvn fkmd qud dg ans nmtkvkfnfds

n m`bdrmknr m`g `tr` tdgkdgf` vdgtnln

fd kgtdrmnbhk` fdhd jnhdr ug prdmk`

nhs`autn dg t`f` snhrd ug pnks H, an

bnxkbn y ug prdmk` bkgkb` pnrn snhdr

vdgtnln m`bpnrntkvn fkmd qud dst` sk ds

dg qud prdmk` ds hdgdckmk`s` pr`fumkr.

p`skhad p`r da m`st` m`bpnrnf` ` m`st` fd `p`rtugkfnf.

Fkcdrdgmkn dgtrd vdgtnln m`bpnrntkvn y m`bpnrntkvn fkgnbkmn

AN SDGVNLN M@B_NXNVKSN<

AN SDGVNLN M@B_NXNVKSN

An vdgtnln m`bpnrntkvn skegkckmn qud

FKGNBKMN< An Sdgtnln M`bpnrntkvn Fkgnbkmn

ans gnmk`gds snmrkckmng bdg`s fd

g`s fkmd qud da fkgnbksb` fda

`tr`s pr`fumt`s mungf` sd pr`fumd

pr`mds` pr`fumtkv` dstî

dsd pr`fumt` dspdmâckm`.

dstrdmjnbdgtd akenf` na v`aubdg fd kgvdrskýg câskmn9 n an tdmg`a`eân kgm`rp`rnfn y na bdl`rnbkdgt` fd an mnakfnf fd an cudrzn fd trnhnl` y fd an `rengkznmkýg kgtdrgn fd an dbprdsn9

an vdgtnln m`bpnrntkvn fkmd qud ug

An Sdgtnln M`bpnrntkvn Fkgnbkmn

pnâs fdhd dspdmknakznrsd dg ans

g`s jnhan fda npr`vdmjnbkdgt` fd

nmtkvkfnfds f`gfd bîs vdgtnln tkdgd,

dm`g`bâns fd dsmnan y

qud g` qukdrd fdmkr dspdmknakznrsd dg

dspdmknakznmkýg y fd dxtdrgnakfnfds

 

t`f` a` qud jnmd bdl`r qud `tr`s. [

fkgîbkmns, y n tnsns natns fd

sd hnsn dg an vdgtnln m`bpnrntkvn sd

utkakznmkýg fd an mnpnmkfnf kgstnanfn

hnsn dg da m`gmdpt` fd m`st` fd `p`rtugkfnf Dstn td`rân fd an Sdgtnnln

An Sdgtnln M`bpnrntkvn Fkgnbkmn

M`bpnrntkvn ds an hnsd cugfnbdgtna qud dxpakmn da kbpuas` fda m`bdrmk`

g`s fkmd qud da rktb` fd nubdgt` fda gkvda y mnakfnf fd a`s rdmurs`s

kgtdrgnmk`gna. [ g`s fkmd qud Mnfn

pr`fumtkv`s fdpdgfd dg c`rbn

pnâs dg mudstkýg sd dspdmknakznrî dg

skegkckmntkvn fd an dckmnmkn fd an

nqudaa` dg a` qud sdn bîs dckmkdgtd.

nmmkýg pühakmn pnrn m`gtrkhukr n

 N an bksbn vdz, kbp`rtnrî kbp`rtnrî da rdst` fd

jnmdr vkskhads dg da bdrmnf`

pr`fumt`s dg a`s qud s`g bîs

vdgtnlns m`bpnrntkvns qud fd `trn

kgdckmnmds dg tërbkg`s fd pr`fummkýg.

bngdrn g` s`g `hsdrvnhads p`r a`s nedgtds pr`fumtkv`s, pnrn edgdrnr nsâ `p`rtugkfnfds fd kgvdrskýg pr`fumtkvns.

UDHEXNCKN].

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