Teoría Cognitiva de Jean Piaget

 

_nirçc fiembtvc on Kncm \bcen \NMVCGBNM_I R DNME^CKN  Jun frncoc pir nd psbfödiei Kncm\bcent. Vn hcsc nm qun nd dnmeuckn nstã suhirobmcoi cd pnmscgbnmti, y sn nmfucorc onmtri on dcs tnirçcs on pi bmmcstc; dc coqubsbfböm ond dnmeuckn sn onhn c jcftirns hbidöebfis y mi fudturcdns. Nd snr `ugcmi ddnec cd gumoi fim umc `nrnmfbc hbidöebfc, ondc fucd on onpnmon pnmon dc bmtndbenmfbc. \ir umc pcrtn, dcs nstrufturcs nstrufturcs hbidöebfcs dbgbtcm cqunddi qun piongis pnrfbhbr, y pir itrc `cfnm pisbhdn nd priernsi bmtndnftucd.  

Vneûm nstc tnirçc dc coqubsbfböm ond dnmeuckn onpnmon ond onscrriddi on dc bmtndbenmfbc, ns onfbr,sn mnfnsbtc

bmtndbenmfbc pcrc pionr coqubrbr um dnmeuckn. Nm nstc tnirçc sn rnnkc figi sn onscrriddc nd fimifbgbnmti fiembvi nm umc pnrsimc onson sus prbgnris cóis on vboc `cstc qun cdfcmzc su gcournz bmtndnftucd.  

\bcent sis sisnmn nmn qun nd pnmscgbnmti pnmscgbnmti y nd dnm dnmeuckn euckn sn onscrriddcm pir snpcrcoi, yc qun dc bmtndbenm bmtndbenmfbc fbc ngpbnzc c

onscrriddcrsn onson nd mcfbgbnmti, cmtns on qun nd mbói `chdn, pir di qun nd mbói vc cprnmobnmoi c `chdcr sneûm su onscrriddi fiembvi vc cdfcmzcoi nd mbvnd mnfnscrbi pcrc nddi. \crc âd, ns nd pnmscgbnmti nd qun `cfn pisbhdn coqubrbr um dnmeuckn, diqun bgpdbfc qun fucmoi nd snr `ugcmi `ugcmi mcfn mi pisnn um dnmeuckn bmm bmmcti, cti, figi crgchc F`igsab, sbmi qun di vc coqubrbnmoi pifi c pifi figi pcrtn ond onscrriddi fiembvi. ^mc vnz coqubrboi um dnmeuckn nstn c su vnz cyuocrã tcghbâm cd onscrriddi fiembvi. Nm nd prifnsi on coqubsbfböm ond dnmeuckn \bcent nstchdnfn; 

@chdc neifâmrbfc; neifâmr bfc; um mbói qun tiocvçc tiocvçc mi `c cprnmoboi um dnmeuckn mi punon nxprnscr sus prbgnris prbgnris pnmscgbnmtis bmtndbenmtns, bmtndbenmtns, nstis södi nxbstnm figi bgãenmns bgãenmns i cffbimns sbfcs. Nd `chdc neifâmtrbfc ns dc qun nd mbói udbzc pcrc pionr nxprnscr sus pnmscgbnmtis nm nstc ntcpc, gãs qun pcrc figumbfcrsn sifbcdgnmtn. Nstn dnmeuckn sn vc rnoufbnmoi `cstc onscpcrnfnr onspuâs on dis 5cóis.

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@chdc @chd c sifbcd sifb cd;; ns dc qun sn onscrriddc onspuâs on dc neifâmtrbfc

  \crc \bcent, dc fimstruffböm priernsbvc on objnrnmtns nsqungcs sihrn dc rncdboco ns umc snócd on qun dc bmtndbenmfbc ond mbói sn nstã onscrriddcmoi Dis nsqungcs sim um ndngnmti jumocgnmtcd pcrc qun dis snrns `ugcmis sn cocptnm cd cghbnmtn y punocm sihrnvbvbr, ns onfbr, qun onson qun dis mbóis mcfnm, fimstruynm y cfugudcm nsqungcs onhboi c dc nxpdircfböm cfvc qun ddnvcm c fchi onmtri ond cghbnmtn nm nd qun vbvnm, y oimon c gnoboc qun bmtnrcftûcm fim âd, bmtnmtcm cocptcr dis nsqungcs nxbstnmtns pcrc cjrimtcr dcs munvcs nxpnrbnmfbcs.   Itrc bonc on \bcent ns qun nd cprnmobzckn cprnmobzckn ngpbnzc fim dcs prbgnrcs prbgnrcs nxpnrbnmfbcs snmsirbi gitircs, jirgcocs fim nd onscrriddi fiembvi y nd dnmeuckn, oimon nd cprnmobzckn cprnmobzckn fimmûc pir dc fimstruffböm fimstruffböm on nstrufturcs gnmtcdns, gnmtcdns, hcscocs nm dc bmtnercfböm on dis prifnsis prifnsis fiembvis pripbis oimon dc pnrsimc pnrsimc fimstruyn nd fimifbgbnmti fimifbgbnmti gnobcmtn dc bmtnrcffböm fimmuc fim nd nmtirmi.   \ir tcmti pcrc qun nd mbói mbói cdfcmfn su gãxbgi gãxbgi onscrriddi onscrriddi gnmtcd onhn ctrcvnscr onson su mcfbgbnmti mcfbgbnmti objnrnmtns objnrnmtns y priernsbvcs ntcpcs ond onscrriddi fiembvi. Nd mbói mi punon scdtcrsn mbmeumc on nstcs ntcpcs y tcgpifi sn dn punon jirzcr pcrcquâ dcs cdfcmfn gãs rãpboi. rãpboi.   C su vnz nstcs nstcs ntcpcs sn obvbonm obvbonm nm nstcobis ond onscrriddi fiemb fiembvi. vi. Nstis nstcobis figi dcs nstrufturcs psbfidöebfcs sn onscrriddcm c pcrr on dis rnnkis rnnkis bmmctis, sn irecmbzcm ourcmtn dc bmjcmfbc nm nsqungcs o on n fimouftc, sn bmtnrbirbzcm ourcmtn nd sneumoi cói on vboc figi giondis on pnmscgbnmti, y sn onscrriddcm ourcmtn dc bmjcmfbc y dc coidnsfnmfbc nm figpdnkcs nstrufturcs bmtndnftucdns qun fcrcftnrbzcm dc vboc coudtc. Nstcs ntcpcs \bcent dcs onmigbmc; - Ncpc snmsirbi-girbz; figbnmzc snmsirbi-girbz; figbnmzc fim nd mcfbgbnmti y fimfduyn c dis 8 cóis.

 

Dc fimouftc ond mbói ns nsnmfbcdgnmtn gitirc, mi `cy rnprnsnmtcfböm bmtnrmc on dis cfimtnfbgbnmtis nxtnrmis, mb pbnmsc gnobcmtn fimfnptis. 

  Nstcobi on dis gnfcmbsgi gnfcmbsgi rnnkis fimeâmbtis. < -3 gns. gns.

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  Nstcobi on dcs rncffbimns fbrfudcrns prbgcrbcs. 3-? gnsns gnsns..

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  Nstcobis on dcs rncffbimns fbrfudcrns snfumocrbcs.?-0gnsns. snfumocrbcs.?-0gnsns.

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  Nstcobi on dc fiirobmcfböm on dis nsqung nsqungcs cs on fimouftc fimouftc prnvbis. 0-38 gnsns.

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  Nstcobi on dis munvis onsfuhrbgbnmtis pir nxpnrbgnmtcfböm. 38-30 gnsns.

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  Nstcobi on dcs munvcs munvcs rnprnsnmtcfbimns rnprnsnmtcfbimns gnmtcdns. gnmtcdns. 38-8?gnsns.

- Ncpc prn ipnrcfbimcd; on ipnrcfbimcd; on dis 8 cóis `cstc dis : cóis. Ns dc ntcpc ond pnmscgbnmti y dc ond dnmeuckn qun ercoûc su fcpcfboco on pnmscr sbghödbfcgnmtn, bgbtc ihkntis on fimouftc, kuneis sbghödbfis, obhukis, bgãenmns gnmtcdns y nd onscrriddi ond dnmeuckn `chdcoi. 

  Nstcobi prn fimfnptucd. 8-? cóis

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  Nstcobi bmtubvi. ?-5 cóis

- Ncpc on ipnrcfbimns ipnrcf bimns fimfrncs f imfrncs;; on dis 5 cóis c dis 33 cóis. Dis prifnsis on rczimcgbnmti sn vundvnm döebfis y punonm cpdbfcrsn c prihdngcs fimfrntis i rncdns. Nm nd cspnfti sifbcd, nd mbói c`irc sn fimvbnrtn nm um snr vnroconrcgnmtn sifbcd y nm nstc ntcpc cpcrnfnm dis nsqungcs döebfis on snrbcfböm, ironmcgbnmti gnmtcd on fimkumtis y fdcsbfcfböm on dis fimfnptis on fcsucdboco, nspcfbi, ngpi y vndifboco. - Ncpc on ipnrcfbimns jirgcdns; jirgcdns ; 38 cóis nm condcmtn. Nm nstc ntcpc nd coidnsfnmtn dierc dc chstrcffböm sihrn fimifbgbnmtis fimfrntis ihsnrvcois qun dn pnrgbtnm ngpdncr nd rczimcgbnmti döebfi bmoufvi onoufvi. Onscrriddc snmgbnmtis boncdbstcs y sn dierc jirgcfböm fimmuc ondc pnrsimcdboco, `cy um gcyir onscrriddi on dis fimfnptis gircdns. \ripusi, congãs ois pis on dnmeuckn qun sn ocm nm ois ntcpcs obsmtcs; dc prn dbmeôçsfc y dc dbmeôçsfc.

C gioi on rnsugnm on dcs trns tnirçcs gãs bgpirtcmtns söhrndc coqubsbfböm ond dnmeuckn.  

Fimoufsgi

Bmmcsgi

Fiembvbsgi

\rnfursir

H. J. Vabmmnr

Micg F`igsay

Kncm \bcent

Nmjiqun

Nxtrcdbmeôçsfi

\sbfidbmeôçsfi

\sbfidbmeôçsfi

Fimfnp Fim fnpfbö fböm m ond dnmeuc dnmeuckn kn

Fimouf Fimouftc tc jru jruti ti on dc

Jcfudtco nspnfçfc

Fcpcfboco on onscrriddi

bmunmfbc ond cghbnmtn

prnontnrgbmcoc

onpnmobnmtn ond

sihrn nd suknti.

enmâfcgnmtn.

onscrriddi fiembvi.

Erc rcgã gã fc en enmn mnrc rc vc. vc.

Ercgã rcgã fc en enmn mnrc rc vc y

Fimobfbimcgbnmti ipnrcmtn.

_nirç nirçc c dbm dbmeôç eôçsfc sfc

Ns Nstr truf uftu turrcdbs cdbsg gi

 

cgnrbfcmi.

Obgnmsbimns dbmeôçstfcs

firrbnmtn, sngãmfc.

Mbmeumc.

Vbmtcxbs.

Vbmtcxbs y sngãmfc.

^mboco on cmãdbsbs

Nsgudis dbmeôçsfis.

Ircfböm.

Ircfböm.

\rb \rbmfb mfbpcd pcdns ns cpirtc cpirtcfbi fbimns mns

Bmunm Bmunmfbc fbc nm nd nmtirm nmtirmi i

Frncvboco ond cghbnmtn.

Bmunmfbc on dis cspnftis

Figpntnmfbc dbmeôçsfc.

fiembvis nm nd onscrriddi ond dnmeuckn.

nsuobcocs

on onscrriddi on dnmeuckn.

\crfbpcfböm ond suknti nm dis prifnsis on frnfbgbnmti dbmeôçsfi. Dc _nirçc Vifbifudurcd on Dnv Zyeisay

Dc _nirçc Vifbifudturcd on Zyeitsay pimn nd cfnmti nm dc pcrfbpcfböm pricfvc on dis gnmirns fim nd cghbnmtn qun Zbeitsay (Xusbc,  (Xusbc, 302:-326?) dns rionc, sbnmoi nd onscrriddi fiemisfbvi jruti on um prifnsi fidchircvi. Dnv Zbeitsay sistnmçc qun dis mbóis onscrriddcm su cprnmobzckn gnobcmtn dc bmtnrcffböm sifbcd; vcm coqubrbnmoi munvcs y gnkirns `chbdbocons fiemisfbvcs figi prifnsi döebfi on su bmgnrsböm c um gioi on vboc. Cqunddcs cfvbocons qun sn rncdbzcm on jirgc figpcroc pnrgbtnm c dis mbóis bmtnrbirbzcr dcs nstrufturcs on pnmscgbnmti y figpirtcgnmtcdns on dc sifbnoco qun dns rionc, cpripbãmoisn on nddcs. Cprnmobzckn y "[imc on onscrriddi prixbgcd" Vneûm dc _nirçc Vifbifudturcd on Zyeitsay, nd pcpnd on dis coudtis i on dis figpcónris gãs cvcmzcois ns nd on cpiyi, obrnffböm y irecmbzcfböm ond cprnmobzckn ond gnmir, nm nd pcsi prnvbi c qun âd punoc snr fcpcz on oigbmcr nscs jcfntcs, `chbnmoi bmtnrbirbzcoi dcs nstrufturcs fimouftucdns y fiemisfbvcs qun dc cfvboco nxben. Nstc irbnmtcfböm rnsudtc gãs njnfvc pcrc ijrnfnr umc cyuoc c dis pnqunóis pcrc qun frufnm dc zimc on onscrriddi prixbgcd ([O\), qun piorçcgis nmtnmonr figi dc hrnf`c nmtrn di qun yc sim fcpcfns on `cfnr y di qun tiocvçc mi punonm fimsneubr pir sç sidis. Dis mbóis qun sn nmfunmtrcm nm dc [O\ pcrc umc tcrnc nm fimfrnti nstã fnrfc on diercr pionr rncdbzcrdc on jirgc cutömigc, pnri cûm dns jcdtc bmtnercr cdeumc fdcvn on pnmscgbnmti. Mi ihstcmtn, fim nd sipirtn y dc irbnmtcfböm confucoc, sç sim fcpcfns on rncdbzcr dc tcrnc nxbtiscgnmtn. Nm dc gnoboc nm qun dc fidchircfböm, dc supnrvbsböm y dc

 

rnspimschbdboco ond cprnmobzckn nstãm fuhbnrtcs, nd mbói priernsc confucocgnmtn nm dc jirgcfböm y fimsidbocfböm on sus munvis fimifbgbnmtis y cprnmobzckns. Dc gntãjirc ond cmocgbckn Vim vcrbis dis sneuboirns on dc _nirçc Vifbifudturcd on Zyeitsay (pir nkngpdi; Uiio, 320 c 5 cóis. Nxpdbfcfböm ond nxpnrbgnmi (c) Nd mbói nstã on cfunroi nm qun dis vcsis C y H nmnm dc gbsgc fcmoco on ceuc. (h) Nd ceuc ond vcsi H sn vbnrtn sihrn nd pdcti. Nd mbói ns bmfcpcz on figprnmonr qun nd vcsi C y nd pdcti nmnm dc gbsgc fcmoco on ceuc pirqun nd pdcti ns gãs cmf`i cumqun snc gnmis prijumoi. Nd mbói ns bmfcpcz on rntnmnr um cspnfti (dc fcmoco) fucmoi itri cspnfti fcghbc (dc cdturc y dc cmf`urc on dc fidugmc on ceuc). Nmtrn dcs vnmtckcs ond cprnmobzckn pir onsfuhrbgbnmti sn nmfunmtrcm; Dc udbzcfböm ond onsfuhrbgbnmti y on dc bmtubfböm ns pripunstc pir Hrumnr nm rczöm on umc snrbn on vnmtckcs oboãffcs figi sim; um gcyir pitnmfbcd bmtndnftucd, givcfböm bmtrçmsnfc, prifnscgbnmti on gngirbc y cprnmobzckn on dc `nurçsfc ond onsfuhrbgbnmti (Hrumnr, 32:3).

- Nmsnóc cd cdugmi dc gcmnrc on cprnmonr dis prifnobgbnmtis. - \rioufn nm nd cdugmi cutigivcfböm y jirtcdnfn su cutifimfnpti. - Onscrriddc su fcpcfboco frçfc cd pnrgbrsndn `cfnr munvcs fimknturcs. - Nd cdugmi ns rnspimschdn on su pripbi prifnsi on cprnmobzckn. \nri sn snócdcm fbnrtcs onsvnmtckcs;

 

- Obfbd on udbzcr fim ercmons erupis i fim cdugmis fim obfudtcons. - Vn mnfnsbtc ercm usi on gctnrbcd pcrc onscrriddcr dcs cfvbocons. - \unon privifcr sbtucfbimns on hdiqun nm cdugmis qun mi sim fcpcfns on nmfimtrcr sidufbimns munvcs. - Xnqubnrn on guf`i ngpi pir pcrtn ond prijnsir.