TEORI PATRICIA Benner1

 

Ymlrb Drlf Alvbhm Yl Mxpmrt S`trbhb` Omaamr

Ibsusua lkmg : NMKLFSLN ? _mtal @ruf X`rb

(070350033?)

Srbhbkb` Imwb X

(0703500334)

D`f`g @z-Z`gr` Ib`a` @eusa`

(0703500304) (07035003?0)

F`giba`g

(0703500397) X0 NMSM_@U@Y@A

]abvmrsbt`s Smfo`aeua`a A`sbla`k Tmtmr`a J`n`rt`

0

 

N@Y@ SMAE@AY@_  Imae`a fmaymout a`f` @kk`g XUY R`ae F`g` Smae`sbg k`eb F`g` Smay`y`ae n`fb p`aj`tn`a puj` i`a pujb syunur `t`s nmg`ibr`t-Ay`, y`ae tmk`g fmkbfp`gn`a r`gf`t, gbi`y`g, i`a ba`y`g-Ay` nmp`i` n`fb, smgbaee` n`fbb i`p n`f i`p`t `t fm fmaym aymkms kms`bn `bn`a `a f`n f`n`k`g `k`g ima imae`a e`a tlp tlpbn bn d`k d`ks`d` s`d`g g nmp nmpmr` mr`w`t w`t`a `a fmaurut tmlrb S`trbhb` Omaamr. Smrku nbt` s`i`rb o`gw` d`ks`d`g fmrup`n`a o`eb`a t`n tmrpbs`gn`a i`rb su`tu prldmsb, t`n tmrnmhu`kb pmr`w`t. F`sy`r`n`t y`ae smf`nba s`i`r gunuf, eklo`kbs`sb tma`e` nmsmg`t`a, i`a smf`nba omrv`rb`sbay` f`s`k`g nmsmg`t`a nmsmg `t`a ib f`sy f`sy`r`n`t `r`n`t smf`nba fmamn`an`a uremasb i`rb pmf`g pmf`g`f`a `f`a i`a pmamr`p`a d`ks`d`g nmpmr`w`t`a o`eb smtb`p pr`ntbsb f`upua bastbtusb nmsmg`t`a. N`fb fmay`i`rb f`n`k`g bab f`sbg j`ug i`rb smfpura`, f`n` nrbtbn i`a s`r`a y`ae sbd`tay` fmfo`aeua `n`a s`ae`t n`fb `prmsb`sb. Fmsnbpua imfbnb`a, n`fb s`ae`t omrg`r`p smfle` imae`a `i`ay` f`n`k`g bab `n`a fmfomrb fmfo mrbn`a n`a w`w`s`a o`r o`ru u smrt` i`p`t fm fmfo`w` fo`w` f`a f`ad``t d``t o`eb sb`p` sb`p`pua pua y`ae fmfo`h`ay`.

Smayusua

?

 

I@DY@_ BXB

N@Y@ SMAE@AY@_....................... SMAE@AY@_...................................... ............................. ............................. .............................. ............................. ............................. ....................................... ........................ 0 I@DY@_ BXB........................... BXB......................................... ............................. ............................. ............................. .............................. ............................. ............................. ................................. .................. 8 O@O B SMAI@G]K]@A...................... SMAI@G]K]@A.................................... ............................. .............................. ............................. ............................. .............................. ................................... .................... 9 0.0 K`t`r Omk`n`ae............................ Omk`n`ae.......................................... ............................. ............................. ............................. .............................. ......................................... ............................. ...9 9 0.? Yuju`a Smaukbs`a......... Smaukbs`a........................ ............................. ............................. ............................. ............................. .............................. ............................. ..............................9 ................9 0.?.0 Yuju`a ]fuf........... ]fuf.......................... .............................. ............................. ............................. ............................. ............................. ......................................... .......................... 9 0.?.? Yuju`a Ngusus........ Ngusus....................... .............................. ............................. ............................. .............................. ............................. ............................. .............................9 ..............9 O@O BB YML_B D_LF ALTBHM YL MWSM_Y.......................... MWSM_Y......................................... .............................. ............................. .............................................. ................................ = .............................. ............................. ............................. .............................. ............................. ...................................= .....................= ?.0 K`t`r Omk`n`ae Ymlrbs............... ?.? Imsnrbpsb Ymlrb........................... Ymlrb.......................................... ............................. ............................. .............................. ............................. ............................................. ............................... = ?.?.0 S`r`ibef` I`s`r........................... I`s`r.......................................... ............................. ............................. ............................. ............................. ....................................= .....................=

?.?.? Smaemfo`ae`a S`r`ibef` Fmaj`ib Ymlrb ................................................................4 Omaamr.............................................. ............................. ............................. .............................. .......................... ........... 2 ?.8 Nmkmf`g`a Ymlrb S`trbhb` Omaamr............................... ?.9 Nmkmobg`a Ymlrb S`trbhb` Omaamr.................................. Omaamr................................................ ............................. .............................. ............................. .........................03 ...........03 O@O BBB @SKBN@XB I@A SMFO@G@X@A N@X]X S@Y_BHB@ OMAAM_................ OMAAM_.............................. ...............................................00 .................................00 O@O BT SMA]Y]S.......................... SMA]Y]S......................................... ............................. ............................. ............................. ............................. .................................................. ..................................... 05 I@DY@_ S]XY@N@............................ S]XY@N@.......................................... ............................. .............................. ............................. ............................. ............................. ................................. ................... 07

8

 

O@O B SMAI@G]K]@A 0.0 K`t`r Omk`n`ae

D`ks`d D`k s`d`g `g fm fmrup rup`n` `n`a a nmy nmy`nb `nba`a a`a i`s i`s`r `r y`a y`ae e ibp ibpme` me`ae ae sms smsmlr mlr`ae `ae i`a fm fmaj` aj`ib ib i`s i`s`r `r pmf pmfbnb bnbr`a r`a uat uatun un omr omrou` ou`t, t, fm fmae`f ae`fobk obk nmp nmputu utus`a, s`a, `hu` `h u`a a i` i`k` k`f f fm fmah ah`p `p`b `b tuju tuju`a `a,, i` i`a a o`g o`g`a `a ru ruju jun` n`a a i` i`k` k`f f fm fmfo fou`t u`t pmrtbfo`ae`a

jbn`

tmri`p`t

f`s`k`g/

ibkmf`.

I`k`f

nlatmns

nmpmr`w`t`a nmpmr `w`t`a,, d`ks`d d`ks`d`g `g fmj`i fmj`ibb dlai`sb ut`f` i`k`f fmf fmf`ai`ae `ai`ae `p` btu nmpmr`w`t`a,, i`a o`e`bf nmpmr`w`t`a o`e`bf`a` `a` smg`r smg`rusay` usay` pmr`w pmr`w`t `t omrt omrtbai`n. bai`n. Imae` Imae`a a pmf`g` pmf `g`f`a f`a y`a y`ae e o`b o`bn n tmat`a tmat`ae e d`k d`ks`d s`d`g `g nmp nmpmr` mr`w`t w`t`a, `a, f`n f`n` ` sml smlr`a r`ae e pmr`w` pmr `w`tt `n`a f`f f`fpu pu fm fma`f a`fpbk pbkn`a n`a sbn sbn`p `p i`a pmr pmrbk bk`nu `nu pmr pmr`w` `w`tt y`a y`ae e prldmsbla`k smrt` fmfomrbn`a pmk`y`a`a y`ae prbf` nmp`i` nkbma. X`kk`g X`

s` s`tu tu

tm tmlr lrbb

nm nmpm pmrr`w `w`t `t`a `a

y`a `ae e

tm tmrrf` f`su sun n

i` i`kk`f

kmv km vmk

d`ks`d d`k s`d`g/ `g/kl klsl sl `i`k `i`k`g `g tml tmlrb rb drl drlf f alv alvbhm bhm tl mxp mxpmr mrt  t   y`a y`ae e ibs ibsusua usua lkmg S`tr S` trbh bhb` b` Om Omaa aamr mr.. R` R`ae ae fm fmaj aj`i `ibb hlrm hlrm   i`r i`rbb tml tmlrb rb bab `i`k`g pma pmatba tbaeay eay` ` pmaemfo`ae`a nlfpmtmasb i`a pmaibibn`a omrnmk`ajut`a o`eb smlr`ae pmr`w` pmr` w`t. t. Om Omaa aamr mr fm fmfo fo`eb `eb tb tbae aen`t n`t nl nlfp fpmt mtma masb sb pm pmr` r`w` w`tt fm fmaj aj`i `ibb = tbae tbaen` n`t`a t`a y` y`bt btu u alvbh alvbhm, m, `iv`ah `iv`ahm m omeba omebaamr, amr, hlfpm hlfpmtmat, tmat, prlh prlhbmat  bmat , i`a mxpmrt .  Ymlrb nmpmr`w`t`a Drlf Alvbhm Yl Mxpmrt   y`ae i`p`t ibeua`n`a lk lkmg mg pm pmr` r`w` w`tt i`k i`k`f `f fm fmk` k`ns ns`a `a`n `n`a `a pr`n pr`ntm tmn n nm nmpm pmr` r`w` w`t` t`a a.  Ym Ymlr lrbb ba babb ibjmk` ibj mk`sn`a sn`a lkm lkmg g S`t S`trb rbhb` hb` Oma Omaamr amr ima imae`a e`a fm fmae` ae`i`pt i`pt`sb `sb Fli Flimk mk Irm Irmydu ydus s p`i` pr`ntmn nkbabn nmpmr`w`t`a(Ylfmy `ai @kkbelli, ?334). ]atun kmobg fmf`g`fb tmlrb tmrsmout, f`n` ibou`tk`g su`tu snma`rbl nmpmr`w`t`a imae`a fmaeeua`n`a tmlrb DrlfAlvbhm Yl Mxpmrt lkmg S`trbhb` Omaamr.

9

 

0.? Yuju`a Smaukbs`a 0.?.0 Yuju`a ]fuf F`fpu fmf`g`fb flimk tmlrb nmpmr`w`t`a fmaurut S`trbhb` Omaamr. 0.?.? Yuju`a Ngusus

0. Fmajm Fmajmk`sn`a k`sn`a d`k d`ks`d`g s`d`g nmpm nmpmr`w` r`w`t`a t`a fmaur fmaurut ut S`trbh S`trbhb` b` Omaam Omaamr. r. ?. Fmau` Fmau`aen`a aen`a tml tmlrb rb S`tr S`trbhb` bhb` Om Omaamr aamr i`k i`k`f `f omatu omatun n n`sus `e`r kmob kmobg g fui`g ibfmaemrtb pmamr`p`aay`.

O@O BB YML_B D_LF ALTBHM YL MWSM_Y ?.0 K`t`r Omk`n`ae Ymlrbs S`trbhb` Omaamr `i`k`g

smlr`ae

pmr`w`t

y`ae

s`ae`t

omrpmae`k`f`a ib ruf`g s`nbt i`a pmra`g omnmrj` ib omro`e`b f`h`f smttbae tmfp`t pmr`w`t`a ib ruf`g s`nbt. Ib s`fpbae btu S`trbhb` Omaamr  jue` smlr`ae pmamkbtb y`ae `ntbd i`a tmk`g fmfpuokbn`sbn`a o`ay`n smn` sm n`kb kbg` g`sb sbkk

pm pmam amkb kbtb tb`a `aay ay`. `.

nlatrbousbay`

y`ae

Lk Lkmg mg

n` n`rm rma` a`

sbeabn`a

nbam nbamrj rj`a `ay` y`

tmrg`i `i` `p

y`a `ae e

o` o`bn bn

pmaemfo`ae`a

i` i`a a bkfu

nmpmr`w`t`a, S`trbhb` Omaamr ibpmrh`y` smo`e`b nllriba`tlr mv`ku`sb i`a pmaemfo`ae`a nu`kbt`s `sug`a nmpmr`w`t`a ib wbk`y`g H`kbdlrab`. @t`s prmst` prm st`sb sb i`a nba nbamrj mrj`ay `ay`, `, S`t S`trb rbhb` hb` Oma Omaamr amr fm fmai` ai`p`t p`t pma pmaeg`r eg`re`` e``a a i`r i`rbb A`tbla`k Hluahbk `ai Xt`tm Ol`ris ld Aursbae p`i` t`gua ?332 `t`s g`sbk nmrj`ay` y`ae fmaeg`sbkn`a bastrufma pmaeunur`a tmrg`i`p omro`e`b pmay pm aybf bfp` p`ae ae`a `a

i` i`k` k`f f

`s `sug ug`a `a

nm nmpm pmr` r`w` w`t` t`a. a.

Bast Bastru rufm fma a

ba babb

ibsm ibsmou outt

 Y`xlalfy ld Mrrlr, _llt H`usm `ai Sr`htbhm Sr`htbhm (YM_H@S (YM_H@S)) (@kkbelli, ?334 ?334). ).  Ymrn`bt p`r`ibef` i`k`f tmlrbay`, pmfbnbr`a S`trbhb` Omaamr s`ae`t ibpmae`rugb ibpmae`rugb lkmg s`k`g s`tu tmlrbs oms`r nmpmr`w nmpmr`w`t`a, `t`a, Tbrebab Tbrebab` ` Gmaimr Gma imrsla sla,, i`a iu` lr lr`ae `ae prl prldms dmsslr slr ib ]ab ]abvmr vmrsbt sbty y ld H`k H`kbdl bdlrab rab` ` (] (]H), H), Guomrtt Irmydu Guomr Irmydus s i`a Xtu`r Xtu`rtt Irmyd Irmydus. us. Gmaimr Gmaimrsla sla p`i` 027 0272 2 ompmai` ompmai`p`t p`t =

 

o`gw o` gw` `

tmlr tmlrbb

S` S`tr trbh bhb` b`

Om Omaa aamr mr i` i`p` p`tt

fm fmfo fomr mrbn bn`a `a

pm pmru ruo` o`g` g`a a

y` y`ae ae

sbeabn`a sbeab n`a i`k`f pmaibibn` pmaibibn`a a nmpmr nmpmr`w`t`a `w`t`a smrt smrt` ` fmf fmfpmrsb pmrsb`pn`a `pn`a h`kla h`kla pmr`w`t y`ae prldmsbla`k, tmrut`f` i`k`f g`k pmaibibn`a ib nkbabn ibf` ibf`a` a` ibpm ibpmrk rkun` un`a a ba batm tmer er`sb `sb `a `at` t`r` r` pm pmae aemt mt`gu `gu`a `a i`a pm pmae ae`k `k`f `f`a `a pmfo pm fobf bfob obae ae

i` i`a a

f` f`g` g`sb sbsw sw`. `.

Xm Xmfm fmat at`r `r` `

btu btu

Ir Irmy mydu dus s

om omrs rs`u `ui` i`rr`

fmfomrbn`a i`s`r tmat`ae prlsms pmah`p`b`a snbkk fmk`kub pmae`k`f`a i`a = tbaen`t`a nlfpmtmasb i`k`f tmlrb S`trbhb` Omaamr (Xbtzf`a, ?300). ?300). ?.? Imsnrbpsb Ymlrb ?.?.0 S`r`ibef` I`s`r

I`k` I` k`f f fm fmay ayus usua ua tmlr tmlrba bay` y`,, S` S`tr trbh bhb` b` Om Omaa aamr mr tmrb tmrbab absb sb`s `sbb lk lkmg mg dmal dmalfm fma` a` ib k` k`p`a p`ae` e`a a o` o`gw gw` ` o` o`ay ay`n `n sm smn` n`kb kb pm pmr` r`w` w`tt sm smab ablr lr i` i`a a omrp om rpma mae` e`k` k`f` f`a a ib ru ruf` f`g g s`n s`nbt bt y` y`ae ae fm fmfb fbkb kbnb nb pm pmae ae`k `k`f `f`a `a i`a omrw`w`s`a ku`s `n`a omro`e`b nlaibsb nkbma i`a omro`e`b fli`kbt`s tmr`pb (nalw wg`t), `n`a tmt`pb nur`ae fmfbkbnb pmaemt`gu`a y`ae fmk`t fm k`t`r `r omk omk`n`a `n`aeb eb omr omro`e o`e`b `b fli fli`kb `kbt`s t`s pmr pmr`w` `w`t`a t`a tmr tmrsmo smout ut (na (nalw lw glw). Imfbnb`a puk` smo`kbnay`, p`r` prmhmptlr (pmfobfobae nkbabn) f`g`sbsw` y`ae omrpr`ntbn ib ruf`g s`nbt nur`ae i`p`t fmfomrbn`a obfo obfoba bae` e`a a

y` y`ae ae

lp lptb tbf` f`kk kk

nm nmp` p`i` i`

f` f`g` g`sb sbsw sw`a `ay y`

n` n`rm rma` a`

kmob kmobg g

fmf`g`fb pmaemt`gu`a tmlrbtbs (nalw glw) t`ap` ibp`iun`a imae`a pmaemt`gu`a nkbabs y`ae hunup (nalw wg`t). I`rb pmae`f`t`a tmrg`i`p iu` dmalfma` bab, S`trbhb` Omaamr fmae`fobk fmae `fobk su suiut iut p`ai` p`ai`ae ae

o`gw` o`gw`s`aay` s`aay` tm tmlrb lrb `i`k `i`k`g `g ibtur ibturuan`a/ uan`a/

ibnmfo`aen`a i`rb sbtu`sb nkbabs, i`a pr`ntbn nmpmr`w`t`a ib nkbabn ibk`ns` ibk `ns`a`n a`n`a `a omr omri`s i`s`rn `rn`a `a tml tmlrb rb i`a ibn ibnmfo mfo`ae `aen`a n`a puk puk` ` lkm lkmg g tml tmlrb rb tmlrb tmrsmout. F`n` p`i` batbay`, smsuaeeugay` `at`r` pmaemt`gu`a y`ae omrsbd`t tmlrbtbn i`a pmae`k`f`a/ pmaemt`gu`a y`ae ibpmrlkmg s`kb s` kbae ae fm fmau auaj aj`ae `ae i` i`a a fm fmfp fpmr mrnu nu`t `t s` s`tu tu s` s`f` f` k` k`ba ba.. Babk Babk`g `g y` y`ae ae fmaj`ib

i`s`r

pmfbnbr`a

o`eb

S`trbhb`

Omaamr

i`k`f

fmaemfo`aen`a tmlrbay`. I`a pmamn`a`a ut`f` smoma`ray` `i`k`g p`i` p`i ` o`e o`e`bf `bf`a` `a` fma fmaemf emfo`ae o`aen`a n`a pma pmae`k e`k`f` `f`a a pmr pmr`w`t `w`t ib nkb nkbabn abn 4

 

imae`a fmaj`ibn`a pmaemt`gu`a tmlrbtbs smo`e`b `hu`aay`. S`trbhb` Omaamr Oma amr fm fmaj` aj`ibn ibn`a `a pma pmae`k e`k`f` `f`a a nkb nkbabn abn smo smo`e`b `e`b tbt tbtbn bn tlk tlk`n `n n`r n`rma` ma` fmf`ae smk`ku kmobg omrv`rb`sb i`a nlfpkmns ibo`aibaen`a `p` y`ae ibtukb ibt ukbsn`a sn`a i`k i`k`f `f tml tmlrb rb,, `n`a tm tmt`p t`pbb tmt tmt`p `p s`a s`ae`t e`t omr omre`a e`atua tuae e p`i` tmlrb btu smaibrb.

?.?.? Smaemfo`ae`a S`r`ibef` Fmaj`ib Ymlrb Xmo`e`bf`a` tmk`g ibsmoutn`a ib `t`s, tbtbn tlk`n tmlrb bab `i`k`g pmaemfo`ae`a nmbkfu`a tmrg`i`p pmae`k`f`a nkbabn p`r` pmr`w`t. F`n` F`n ` i`r i`rbb btu S`t S`trb rbhb` hb` Oma Omaamr amr fm fmk`n k`nun` un`a a smr smr`aen `aen`b` `b`a a pma pmae`f e`f`t` `t`a a tmrn tmrn`b `btt ba batm tmer er`sb `sb `a `at` t`r` r` pm pmae ae`k `k`f `f`a `a i`a pm pmae aemt mt`g `gu`a u`a.. G` G`kk ba babb ibk`nun`a

n`rma`

S`trbhb`

Omaamr

omrnmy`nba`a

o`gw`

pmaemf pma emfo`a o`ae`a e`a nlf nlfpmt pmtmas masbb y`a y`ae e omr omri`s` i`s`rn` rn`a a pma pmae`k e`k`f` `f`a a nkb nkbabn abn y`ae fmae`hu p`i` prlsm prlsms s pmaib pmaibibn`a ibn`a `n`a fmfo fmfomrbn mrbn`a `a g`sbk y`ae kmobg hmp`t i`a omrnu`kbt`s (Omaamr, 0279 i`k`f @kkbelli, ?334). X`k`g s`tu pmamkbtb`a y`ae msmasb`k i`k`f tmlrb S`trbhb` Omaamr `i`k`g y`ae ibk`nun`aay` p`i` t`gua 0257-0270. S`i` pmamkbtb`a bab S`trbhb` Omaamr fmaen`jb pmrsmpsb i`a batmrprmt`sb su`tu dmalfma` nmpm nm pmr` r`w` w`t` t`a a y` y`ae ae s` s`f` f` lk lkmg mg pm pmr` r`w` w`tt pm pmrr`w `w`t `t y` y`ae ae fm fmfb fbkb kbnb nb pmromi``a sbeabn`a i`k`f g`k pmae`k`f`a, f`g`sbsw` y`ae o`ru pr`ntbn, i`a f`g`sbsw` smablr. Fmk`kub pmamkbtb`a bab S`trbhb` Omaamr omrf`n `ns sui

fmaen`j `jbb

o`e`b `bf f`a `a` `

tbaen`t

pmae`k `k`f `f` `a

i`a

pmaemt pmae mt`g `gu` u`a a i`p i`p`t `t fm fmfp fpma mae` e`ru rugb gb pm pmab abk` k`b` b`a a pm pmr` r`w` w`tt tmrg tmrg`i `i`p `p dmalfma` nmpmr`w `w`t `t`a `a.. I`rb sb sba ab S`trbhb` Omaamr omrg`s `sbbk fmaeb fm aebima imatb tbn`sb n`sb 80 nlf nlfpmt pmtmas masbb y`a y`ae e g`r g`rus us ibf ibfbkb bkbnb nb lkm lkmg g sml smlr`a r`ae e pmr`w`t `gkb/ mxpmrt, y`ae smh`r` baiuntbd nmfuib`a ibtu`aen`a nm i`k`f 5 ilf`ba smo`e`b omrbnut: 0. Ygm gmk gmkpbae pbae rlk rlkm/ m/ pmr`a sm smo`e`b o`e`b pm pmfomr fomrbb pmrtl pmrtlklae`a klae`a ?. Ygm tm`hg tm`hgbae bae-hl -hl`hg `hgbae bae duaht duahtbla bla// dua duaesb esb pmfom pmfomrb rb miu miun`sb n`sb i`a pmfomrb pmk`tbg`a

5

 

8. Ygm ib`ea ib`ealstbh lstbh `ai p`t p`tbmat bmat fla flabtlr btlrbae bae duahtb duahtbla/ la/ duaesb sm smo`e`b o`e`b pmfou`t ib`eals` (nmpmr`w`t`a) i`a flabtlrbae p`sbma 9. Mmhtbvm

f`a `a` `emfmat

ld

r`p `pbbiky

hg`aebae

sbtu`tb `tbla/

nmf`fpu`a fmae`t`sb sbtu`sb y`ae omruo`g smh`r` hmp`t i`a fmai`i`n =. @if @ifbab babstm stmrb rbae ae `ai fla flabtl btlrba rbae e tgm tgmr`p r`pmut mutbh bh bat batmrv mrvmat matbla blas s `ai rmebfm rme bfmats ats// fm fmfom fomrb rbn`a n`a bat batmrv mrvmas masbb i`a fla flabtl btlrb rbae ae rm rmspl spla a p`sbma tmrg`i`p batmrvmasb tmrsmout 4. Fla Flabtl btlrb rbae ae `ai masur masurbae bae tgm qu`k qu`kbty bty ld gm` gm`ktg ktg h`rm pr`h pr`htbh tbhms/ ms/ fmflabtlr i`a fmf`stbn`a nu`kbt`s pmk`y`a`a nmsmg`t`a 5. Lr Lre`a e`abz bz`t `tbl bla` a`kk wl wlrn rn rl rlkm km hl hlfp fpmt mtma mahb hbms ms// nm nmf` f`fp fpu` u`a a ua uatu tun n omnmrj` i`a omrpmr`a i`k`f lre`abs`sb i`a tbf Omaamr fmaemfo`aen`a k`eb ru`ae kbaenup pmamkbtb`aay` p`i` t`gua 0279 02 79-0 -022 223, 3, i`a n`k n`kbb ba babb km kmob obg g fm fmfd fdln lnusn usn`a `a pm pmam amkb kbtb tb`a `aay ay` ` p` p`i` i` nlfpmtmasb pmr`w`t ib hrbtbh`k h`rm. Yuju`a i`rb pmamkbtb`aay` n`bk bab `i`k`g: 0. Fmae Fmaebimat bimatbn`sb bn`sb smo smomr`p mr`p` ` oms`r pmae`ru pmae`rug g pmf`g`f pmf`g`f`a `a tmlrbt tmlrbtbs bs tmrg`i`p pr`ntbn ?. Fmae aebi bim mat atbbn n`s `sbb

d`nt d`ntlr lr

y`a `ae e

p` p`kb kbae ae

om omrrpm pmae ae`r `rug ug

i` i`k` k`f f

pmah`p`b`a snbkk i`a nlfpmtmasb pmr`w`t 8. Fm Fmae aebi bima matb tbn n`s `sbb

d` d`nt ntlr lr

d`nt d`ntlr lr

pm pmae aeg` g`fo fo`t `t

y`a `ae e

om omrs rsbd bd`t `t

bastbtutbla`k tmrg`i`p pmaemfo`ae`a nlfpmtmasb pmr`w`t 9. Fm Fmaeb aebima imatb tbn`sb n`sb str`t str`tmeb meb str str`tm `tmeb eb y`a y`ae e i`p i`p`t `t ibk ibk`nu `nun`a n`a uat uatun un fmaemfo`aen`a nlfpmtmasb pmr`w`t. I`rb

pmamkbtb`a

bab

S`trbhb`

Omaamr

fmaybfpukn`a

o`gw`

pmfomk`j`r`a y`ae omrnmk`ajut`a i`rb pmae`k`f`a nkbabn fmrup`n`a d`nt d`ntlr lr ut`f ut`f` ` i` i`rb rb pm pmae aemf mfo`a o`ae` e`a a nm nmf` f`fp fpu` u`a a pm pmr` r`w` w`t. t. G` G`kk bab bab ibh`p`b fmk`kub nmtmrkbo`t`a pmr`w`t i`k`f smtb`p `spmn pmr`w`t`a p`sbma, tmrf`sun i`k`f pmae`fobk`a nmputus`a nkbabn f`upua mtbn. Smamkbtb Smam kbtb`a `a bab nmfui nmfuib`a b`a ibnmf ibnmfo`aen` o`aen`a a k`eb p`i` t`gua 0224-02 0224-0225 25 y`ae y` ae fm fmae aeg` g`sb sbkn kn`a `a 2 il ilf` f`ba ba y` y`ae ae g`r g`rus us ibnu ibnu`s` `s`bb lk lkmg mg sm smlr lr`a `ae e 7

 

pmr`w`t hrbtbh`k h`rm, i`a 4 `spmn pmabk`b`a nkbabs (Hkbabh`k juiefmat) y`ae g`rus ibfbkbnb lkmg pmr`w`t. I`rb smnb`a o`ay`n pmamkbtb`a y`ae tmk`g ibk`nun`aay` tmrsmout, S`tr S` trbh bhb` b` Om Omaa aamr mr fm fmah ahlo lo` ` fm fmai aim mab absb sbn` n`a a nm nmfo fo`k `kbb nm kb kbf` f` kmvm kmvmkk nlfpmtmasb pmr`w`t y`ae ibsusua lkmg Irmydus oms`ui`r` smo`e`b omrbnut: 0. Al Alvb vbhm hm// p pmf mfuk uk` ` @i`k `k`g `g

pmr`w `w` `t

y`a `ae e

omkuf

fmfbkbnb

k`t` `t`r

omk`n`a `ae e

pmae`k`f`a nkbabn. Kmvmk bab p`kbae hlhln ibsmf`tn`a nmp`i` f`g`sb f`g `sbsw` sw` nmp nmpmr mr`w`t `w`t`a `a y`a y`ae e `n`a fm fmf`s f`sunb unb iua iuab` b` nkb nkbabn abn,, `n`a `n `a tmt` tmt`pb pb S` S`tr trbh bhb` b` Om Omaa aamr mr fm fma` a`fo fo`g `gn` n`a a pm pmr` r`w` w`tt sm smab ablr lr y`ae f`sun nm kbaenuae`a/ smttbae y`ae s`f` smn`kb o`ru jue` i`p`t i`p `t ibn ibn`tm `tmelr elrbn` bn`a a nm i`k i`k`f `f kmv kmvmk mk bab bab.. Sm Smr`w r`w`t `t p`i p`i` ` kmv kmvmk mk pmfuk` pmrku uatun smk`ku ib`r`gn`a i`a ibomrb pmtuajun y`ae  jmk`s

(tbi`n

nlatmnsu`k,

`n`a

tmt`pb

i`p`t

k`aesuae

ibbatmrprmt`sb smh`r` tmnstu`k). ?. @iv`a @iv`ahmi hmi Om Omebaam ebaamr/ r/ pm pmfuk` fuk` ttbaen`t baen`t k`aju k`ajutt S`i` kmvmk bab pmr`w`t tmk`g fmfbkbnb pmae`k`f`a nkbabn i`a f`fp f` fpu u fm fma`a a`aen en`p `p f` f`na na` ` i` i`rb rb `s `spm pmn n `s `spm pmn n i`k i`k`f `f su su`t `tu u sbtu`sb

nmpmr`w`t `w`t`a `a..

S`i`

t`g`p

bab

pmr`w `w` `t

f`s `sbbg

fmfmrku fmf mrkun`a n`a obfo obfobae`a bae`a i`a `r`g`a smh`r` nlatb nlatbayu ayu n`rm n`rma` a` omkuf f`f omkuf f`fpu pu fmf fmf`ai` `ai`ae ae sbt sbtu`s u`sbb smh smh`r` `r` ku` ku`s s i`a glk glkbst bstbn. bn. Smr`w`t f`sbg fmr`s` o`gw` sbtu`sb nkbabn i`a omro`e`b n`sus p`sbma `i`k`g smou`g t`at`ae`a y`ae g`rus ibk`kub, i`a omkuf fmf`ai`ae fmf `ai`ae i`rb sbsb nmoutug`a p`sbma. Fmsn Fmsnbpua bpua imfb imfbnb`a nb`a fmrm fm rmn` n` f` f`sb sbg g s`a s`ae`t e`t fm fmfo fout utug ugn` n`a a o` o`at atu` u`a a i`r i`rbb sm smab ablr lr.. Kmvmk bab p`kbae smsu`b uatun drmsg er`iu`tm amrs. 8. Hlf Hlfpmt pmtmat mat// nlfp nlfpmtm mtma/ a/ f`f f`fpu pu S`i` S`i ` kmv kmvmk mk bab pmr pmr`w` `w`tt tmk tmk`g `g f`f f`fpu pu fm fmfbk fbk`g `g i`a fmf fmfbkb bkbg g `spmn f`a` i`rb su`tu sbtu`sb nmpmr`w`t`a y`ae oma`r oma`r pmatbae i`a nur`ae pmrku ibpmrtbfo`aen`a kmobg k`ajut. Nrbtmrb` 2

 

ut`f` i`rb kmvmk bab `i`k`g pmr`w`t g`rus f`fpu fmfou`t pmrmah`a``a i`a fmfprmibnsbn`a g`k g`k `p` y`ae fuaenba tmrj`ib smk`ajutay`. Nmtmro`t`s`a i`rb kmvmk bab `i`k`g pmr`w`t f`sbg `sbg

fmf mf`a `ai` i`ae ae

su su`t `tu u

sb sbtu tu` `sb

p`s `sbbma

sm smh` h`r` r`

p` p`rrsb sb`k `k

smgbae smg baee` e` tba tbai`n i`n`aay `aay` ` pua nur nur`ae `ae i`p i`p`t `t fm fmaym aymatu atug g smt smtb`p b`p ibfmasb p`sbma smo`e`b baibvbiu y`ae glkbstbn. 9. Srl Srlhbma hbmat/ t/ h h`n`p/ `n`p/ tmr` tmr`fpbk fpbk// g`a g`ai`k i`k S`i` S` i` km kmvm vmkk ba babb pm pmr` r`w` w`tt i` i`p`t p`t fm fmf` f`ai ai`a `ae e sb sbtu tu`sb `sb sm smh` h`r` r` glkbstbn, tbi`n g`ay` pmr `spmn i`rb sbtu`sb tmrsmout. Smr`w`t f`fpu omrtbai`n o`eb p`sbma t`ap` tmrkmobg i`guku fmk`kub t`g`p`a t`g`p`a pmamt`p`a tuju`a i`a pmayusua`a rmah`a` tbai tbai`n `n`a. `a. S` S`i` i` km kmvm vmkk ba babb jue` jue` pm pmr` r`w` w`tt tmk` tmk`g g km kmob obg g o`a o`ay` y`n n omrbatmr`nsb imae`a p`sbma i`a nmku`re`ay`. =. Mx Mxpm pmrt rt// `gk `gkb/ b/ p` p`n`r n`r S`i` kmvmk bab pmr`w`t tmk`g i`p`t fmamatun`a batb f`s`k`g y`ae ib`k`fb ib`k`fb `p` `p `

y`a `ae e

lkmg p`sb p`sbma ma i`a smemr smemr` ` fmaem fmaemt`gu t`gu batm batmrvma rvmasb sb

p` p`kkbae

tm tmp` p`tt

ibom ibomrrbn` n`a a

t`a `ap` p`

g`rus `rus

fmk mk`k `kub ub

smr`aen smr `aen`b`a `b`a t`g t`g`p `p omr omrpbn pbnbr br `a`k `a`kbtb btbs. s. Xmh Xmh`r` `r` bat batubt ubtbd bd pmr pmr`w` `w`tt mxpm mx pmrt rt i` i`p` p`tt

fm fmam amat atun un`a `a f` f`s` s`k` k`g g

i` i`a a

tb tbai ai`n `n`a `a t`ap t`ap` `

ibobae ibo baeuae uaen`a n`a ima imae`a e`a omr omro`e o`e`b `b `kt `ktmra mra`tb `tbd. d. Sma Smae`k e`k`f` `f`a a i`a pmaemt`gu`a y`ae omrsbamreb imae`a o`bn tmk`g fmfomatun a`kurb a`ku rb i` i`a a batu batubs bsba bay` y` sm smgb gbae aee` e` i` i`p` p`tt fm fmf` f`ai ai`a `ae e p` p`sb sbma ma smh`r` nmsmkurug`a i`k`f w`ntu y`ae sbaen`t. Nm tujug ilf`ba i`a nm kbf` kmvmk nlfpmtmasb pmr`w`t babk`g y`ae nmf nm fui uibb`a

fmaj aj`i `ibb

`h `hu` u`a a

p`r` `r`

pr pr`n `ntb tbsb sb

nm nmpm pmr` r`w w`t `t`a `a

i` i`k` k`f f

fmamr`pn`a tmlrb drlf alvbhm tl mxpmrt S`trbhb` Omaamr.

?.8 Nmkmf`g`a Ymlrb S`trbhb` Omaamr 0. Ymlrb Ymlrb S`trbhb` S`trbhb` Omaamr Omaamr ib`i`pt`s ib`i`pt`sbb i`rb i`rb ‛Flimk Irmydus Irmydus‖‖ y`ae ibnmfun ibnmfun`n` `n`a a lkmg lkmg Guomrt Irmydus i`a Xtu`rt Irmydus. Ymlrb Drlf Alvbhm tl Mxpmrt fmajmk`sn`a = tbaen`t/t` tbaen `t/t`g`p g`p `nubsbsb `nubsbsb pmr`a i`a pmrnmfo`ae`a pmrnmfo`ae`a prldmsb fmkbputb: Alvbhm, fmkbputb:  Alvbhm, @iv`ahm 03

 

 Omebaamr, hlfpmtmat, prldbhbmat, i`a mxpmrt. Fli Flimk mk bab rmk`tb rmk`tbvm vm sb sbfpk fpkmm imae`a imae`a g`ay` fmfo`eb tbaen`t nmf`gbr`a nmf`gbr`a pmr`w`t pmr`w`t i`k`f = t`g`p i`a g`k btu fmfmrkun`a fmfmrkun`a bimatbdbn`sb tbaen`t pr`ntmn nmpmr`w`t`a i`rb e`fo`r`a pmr`w`t smh`r` baibvbiu i`a i`rb losmrv`sb pr`ntmn nkbabn y`ae smoma`ray`. ?. Ymlrb Ymlrb Drlf Alvbhm Alvbhm tl Mxpmrt Mxpmrt fmfpuay fmfpuay`b `b n`r`ntmrb n`r`ntmrbstb stbn n y`ae uabvmrs uabvmrs`k `k y`ae tbi`n  ibo`t`sb lkmg ufur, pmay`nbt, nmsmg`t`a `t`u kln`sb pr`ntmn nmpmr`w`t`a. ]atun  batmrprmt`sb flimk bab i`k`f pr`ntmn nmpmr`w`t`a ibeua`n`a smo`e`b nmr`aen` nmrj` s`j` smi`aen`a pmamr`p`aay` ibo`t`sb lkmg sbtu`sb pr`ntmn nmpmr`w`t`a, smgbaee` ibpmrkun`a pmf`g`f`a y`ae nlfpmtmasb = kmvmk pmr`w`t tmrsmout i`a nmf`fpu`a fmaebimatbdbn`sb n`r`ntmrbstbn i`a tuju`a ibsmtb`p kmvmk. 8. Flimk Flimk Omaamr Omaamr bab g`ay` g`ay` ibountb ibountbn`a n`a imae`a imae`a fmaeeua fmaeeua`n`a `n`a fmtli fmtlilkl lkleb eb nu`kbt nu`kbt`tb `tbdd y`ae tmribr tmribrbb

i`rb i`rb 80 nlfpmt nlfpmtmas masb, b, 5 ilf`ba ilf`ba pr`ntmn pr`ntmn nmpmr` nmpmr`w`t w`t`a `a i`a 2 ilf`ba ilf`ba pmr`w`t pmr`w`t`a `a

nrbtbs. Imae`a pmaimn`t`a nu`kbt`tbd, omaamr fmae`aee`p smo`e`b smo`e`b gbpltmsbs emamr`tbae (pmaymo`o) i`rbp`i` gbpltmsbs tmstbae, f`n` i`rb btu pmrku ibountbn`a imae`a pmaimn`t`a `ktmra`tbvm k`ba smk`ba nu`kbt`tbd. 9. Smrspm Smrspmntb ntbdd Omaam Omaamrr `i`k`g `i`k`g dmalfmalk dmalfmalkleb leb i`a oun`a oun`a nleabtbd. nleabtbd. Flimk Flimk Omaamr Omaamr ibi`s`r ibi`s`rn`a n`a  p`i` i`t` o`smi rmsm`rhg y`ae fmaiunuae pmaemfo`ae`a pr`ntmn nmpmr`w`t`a. ?.9 Nmkmobg`a Ymlrb S`trbhb` Omaamr

0. Fmfbkbnb  Ymlrb nmpmr`w`t`a Drlf Alvbhm Yl Mxpmrt y`ae i`p`t ibeua`n`a lkmg pmr`w`t i`k`f fmk`ns`a`n`a pr`ntmn nmpmr`w`t`a. ?. Yml Ymlrb rb bab fmr fmrup`n up`n`a `a d`n d`ntlr tlr ut`f ut`f` ` i`r i`rbb pma pmaemf emfo`a o`ae`a e`a nmf`f nmf`fpu` pu`a a pmr`w`t. 8.   Fmfbkbnb = aen`t nlfpmtmasb nlfpmtmasb pmr`w`t

00

 

O@O BBB @SKBN@XB I@A SMFO@G@X@A N@X]X S@Y_BHB@ OMAAM_  Xmlr`ae `a`n k`nb ‘ k`nb omrufur 03 t`gua omra`f` @a.Ymib sui`g tbe` g`rb fuat`g i`a ib`rm ib ruf`g. Xmtmk`g omrlo`t nm pusnmsf`s nkbma ib`ajurn`a uatun ibr`w`t ib ruf`g s`nbt. Xmn`r` Xmn `r`ae ae `i`k`g `i`k`g g`rb g`rb nmiu` nmiu` nkbma nkbma ibr`w` ibr`w`tt ib ruf`g ruf`g s`nbt s`nbt imae`a imae`a ib`eal ib`eals` s` Fmibs Fmibs I@IX. I@IX. Nmkug`a Nmkug` a p`i` s``t s``t ibn`jb, ibn`jb, Ymib fmr`s`n` fmr`s`n`a a kmf`s, imf`f imf`f i`a g`us. g`us. I`rb pmfmrbn pmfmrbns``a s``a dbsbn  dbsbn  3 ibi`p`t YI : 033/53 ffGe, Xugu : 82‒5 H, __ : ?7x/fat, A`ib : 003x/fat, nlajuaetbv` `amfbs, turelr nukbt k`f` nmfo`kb. O@O@N B (Alvbhm) (Xmttbae) (shmam0) Ib s`k`g s`tu n`f`r _u`ae Smr`w`t`a `a`n @a. Ymib smi`ae omro`rbae ib tmfp`t tbiur  imae`a emkbs`g emkbs`g i`a tmrkbg`t tmrkbg`t rmwmk. Bou Ymib tmrkbg`t tmrkbg`t hmf`s s`fobk fmaeus`p `a`nay` omrg`r`p omrg`r`p `a`nay` tma`ae i`a tbi`n rmwmk. (A`rr`tlr) Xbtu`sbb p`i` Xbtu`s p`i` o`o`n o`o`n bab fmaee` fmaee`fo` fo`rn` rn`a a o`e`bf o`e`bf`a` `a` smlr`a smlr`ae e pmr`w` pmr`w`tt i`k`f i`k`f kmvmk kmvmk  ALTBHM omnmrj`. @fb `i`k`g smlr`ae f`g`sbsw` nmpmr`w`t`a y`ae smi`ae pr`ntmn y`ae ibtmfp`tn`a ibtmf p`tn`a ib ru`ae `a`n t`ap` t`ap` k`t`r omk`n omk`n`ae `ae pmae`k`f`a pmae`k`f`a i`a omkuf pmra`g pmra`g omrtue`s ib ruf`g s`nbt. Smrbat`g y`ae jmk`s i`a `trbout y`ae loymntbd g`rus ibomrbn`a uatun fmf`aiu

0?

 

 pma`fpbk`aay`. Lkmg n`rma`ay` b` ibi`fpbaeb lkmg HB i`k`f fmfomrbn`a pmtuajun i`a  pmrbat`g uatun fmk`ns`a`n`a `sug`a nmpmr`w`t`a nmp`i` @a. Ymib. (shmam?) @fb imae`a pmr`w`t pmr`w`t prbfmr prbfmr fmf`su fmf`sunb nb ru`ae pmr`w`t pmr`w`t`a `a @a. Ymib. Ymib. HB fmfomrbn` fmfomrbn`a a  pmtuajun `sug`a nmpmr`w`t`a uatun @a. Ymib HB

: Xmk`f`t p`eb @imn Ymib, `p` y`ae f`k`f ololn ay` aymay`n e`n <

ib r`s`n`a g`rb bab < t`ib

Bou Ymib Ymib

: Ybiur smomat`r-smomat`r sustmr, `a`nay` f`sbg p`a`s i`a emkbs`g, fmahrmt : _`s`ay` kmfms

HB

:  @p`n`g jue` fmr`s` g`us<

Ymib

: by`

HB

: @fb hlo` n`fu unur tmn`a`a i`r`g i`a unur urba lutputay`.

@fb

:

O`bn Ou. (nmfuib` @fb fmaeunur tmn`a`a i`r`g @a. Ymib, fmae`f`tb urba y`ae ibt`fpuae smj`n 8 j`f smomkufay`. G`sbk  pmaeunur`a YI 033/53 ffGe, urba lutput 43 fk i`k`f w`ntu 8  j`f)

O@O@N BB (Omebaamr & Hlfpmtmat) (shmam 8) (Xmttbae) N`f`r @a. Ymib. (A`rr`tlr) O`o`n bab fmaee`fo`rn`a o`e`bf`a` pmr`w`t i`k`f kmvmk @IT@AHM OMEBAAM_, i`k`f g`k bab ibpmr`an`a ibpmr`an`a As Omebaamr. As Omebaamr `i`k`g `i`k`g smlr`ae pmr`w`t kukus kukus`a `a IBBB y`ae  o`ru omnmrj`. S`i` tbaen`t`a bab pmr`w`t fmauajunn`a pma`fpbk`a fmae`t`sb f`s`k`g y`ae i`p`t ibtmrbf` ibtmrbf` p`i` sbtu`sb ay`t`. Smrbstbw` Smrbstbw` bab tmrj`ib p`i` g`rb omrbnutay`.... omrbnutay`.... @a. Ymib smi`ae tbiur`a, tmt`pb tmrkbg`t kmobg kmsu i`rb ob`s`ay`, i`a tbiur imae`a fmfmj`fn`a f`t`. As Omebaamr  smi`ae fmfmrbns` h`t`t`a fmibs k`plr`a g`rb smomkufay` (Xhmam 8) 08

 

 As Omebamr fmfo`h` h`t`t`a pmrnmfo`ae`a @a. Ymib imae`a nlaibsb YI033/53 ffGe, @a. Ymib fmaemkug kmf`s i`a g`usi`a f`t` tmrkbg`t hmnuae. @a Ymib f`sbg rmwmk, bou fmae`t`n`a `a`nay` f`sbg fmahrmt i`rb t`ib p`eb sui`n 8 n n`kb, `kb, nlasbstmasb `br s`j`.  As Omebamr

:

(nmabae omrnmrut, t`fp`n omrdbnbr) Nln pmrnmfo`ae`a @a. Ymib smpmrtb bab