Teori Atom Dan Aplikasinya PK4C

 

Bninonf ]ehrg Nthb mnl Elerag Luiogr sednang Npoginsglyn Mgsusul auln Bebelufg ]uans Bntn Iuognf Zrgl`gpgn Igbgn

Mhsel Zelanbpu

Uoyn Ontfgcn, B.Zm,.

Mgsusul hoef;

Nocgln Bnsrurhf

(>6:6:13:=6)

Beogmn Mwg C. P

(>6:6:13:51)

Nllgsn B.

(>6:6:13:36)

ZELMGMGINL IGBGN CNIUO]NP PNGLP MNL ]EILHOHAG ULGSETPG]NP GPONB LEAETG QNOGPHLAH PEBNTNLA 4:4:

 

IN]N ZELANL]NT 

Mela Me lanl nl bely elyedu edut lnbn nbn Noon Noonf f Wnl Wnla Bnf Bnfn Zel ela ans nsgf gf on ona ag Bnfn Bnfn Zelynynla, inbg pnlkntinl pukn mnl pukg syuiur ntns iefnmgrnt Goonfg Tnddg, ynla teonf beogbpnfinl beogbpnfinl rnfbnt, rnfbnt, fgmnynt, fgmnynt, mnl glnynf-Lyn glnynf-Lyn pnmn inbg. Pefglaan Pefglaan inbg mnp mnpnt bely elyeoes eoesng ngin inl l bnino ninonf nf Zrgl Zrgl`g `gp pgn Igbg Igbgnn te tel ltn tnla la ]eh ehrg rg Nth Nthb Mnl Mnl Npoginsglyn. Bninonf glg teonf inbg susul melanl bnisgbno mnl belmnpntinl dnltunl mnrg derdnang pgfni sefglaan mnpnt bebperonl`nr pebduntnl bninonf glg. Ultui  gtu inbg belynbpnginl tergbninsgf iepnmn sebun pgfni ynla teonf derihltrgdusg mnonb pebduntnl bninonf glg. ]eroepns mnrg sebun glg, inbg belynmnrg sepeluflyn dnfwn bnsgf nmn ieiurnlanl dngi mnrg seag susulnl inogbnt bnupul tntn dnfnsnlyn. Hoef inreln gtu, melanl tnlanl terduin inbg belergbn seanon snrnl mnl irgtgi mnrg pebdn`n. Nifgr intn inbg derfnrnp sebhan bninonf glg mnpnt derbnlcnnt mnl mnpnt belnbdnf wnwnsnl dnag pebdn`n.

Pebnrnla, 47 Cedrunrg 4:4: Zelyusul

g

 

MNC]NT GPG

IN]N ZEANL]NT ZEANL]NT ......... .............. .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ......... ......... .......... .......... .......... ........ ...

g

MNC]NT MNC] NT GPG .......... ............... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ......... ......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ......... ....

gg

DND G ZELMNF ZELMNFUOU UOUNL NL

...... ......... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... .....

>

N. Ontn Ontnrr Deon Deonin inla la .... ...... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... D. Tubusn Tubusnl l Bnsnonf Bnsnonf ...... ......... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... .....

> >

@. ]uku ]ukunl nl

.... ...... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... ....

4

M. Bnlcnnt Bnlcnnt Zeluogsnl..... Zeluogsnl.......... .......... ......... ......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ......... ......

4

DND DN D GG ZEBD ZEBDNF NFNP NPNL NL

.... ...... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... ....

0

N. Pekn Peknrn rnf f mnl Zeri Zerieb ebdn dnla lanl nl ]ehr ]ehrgg Nthb Nthb .... ...... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... ....

0

D. Ihls Ihlsep ep Mnsn Mnsnrr Nt Nthb hb

7

.... ...... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... ....

@. Iete Ieteri ring ngtn tnl l EPM EPM ( Emu`ntghl  Emu`ntghl chr Pustnglndoe Pustnglndoe Meveohpbelt ) pnmn Nthb mel mela anl Elerag Lu Luiogr

…………………….......................

44

.... ...... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... ....

00

...... ......... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... .....

03

N. Iesgbp Iesgbpuon uonl l ...... ......... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... .....

03

D. Pnrn Pnrnl l

.... ...... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... ....

01

MNC]NT MNC] NT ZUP]NIN ZUP]NIN ......... .............. .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ......... ......... .......... .......... .......... ........ ...

06

M. Ulgty hc P`gel`e  P`gel`e (UhP (UhP)) DND GGG ZELU]U ZELU]UZ Z

gg

 

DND G ZELMNFUOUNL

N. Ontn Ontnrr Deo Deoni ninl nla a

Nthb nmnonf leutrno se`nrn eoeitgi kgin gn bebpulyng dgonlanl prhthl mnl eoeitrhl ynla snbn. Nthb ynla belanonbg eoeitrhl belanonbg pelaurnla pelaurnlanl nl ntnu pelnbdnfnl pelnbdnfnl eoeitrhl eoeitrhl nmnonf nmn onf mgpnla mgpnlaago ago ghl. ghl. Eoeitr Eoeitrhl hl ynla ynla teroet teroetni ni pnogla pnogla knuf knuf mnrgpn mnrgpnmn mn luioeu luioeuss dhoef dhoef mgpglm mgp glmnfi nfinl nl ie nthb nthb ynla ynla derfnb derfnbpgr pgrnl nl ntnu mgihla mgihlasg sg dersnb dersnbn-sn n-snbn bn nthb nthb ong ongl. l. Beonoug beinlgsbe glg nthb mnpnt tergint belknmg bhoeiuo mnl ongl-ongl kelgs sedntgnl igbgn sepertg fndour dernlaingnl ghlgi ntnu ihvnoel. Dnag ans mnl sesetelanf `e`ngr  mnl pepekno bhoeiuo (seperg ngr mnl auon), bhoeiuo nmnonf pebdnfnagnl kgrgb terie`go ynla ynl a bnsgf bnsgf belaei belaeinoi noinl nl sgcnt-sg sgcnt-sgcnt cnt igbgn9 igbgn9 ninl ninl tet tetnpg npg,, termnpn termnpntt kuan kuan dnlyni dnlyni onag onag  pepekno mnl `e`ngr ynla termgrg mnrgpnmn nthb-nthb, mnl tgmni belanlmulag bhoeiuo  dernsglanl (`hlthflyn anrnb, dntunl, mnl ohanb `e`ngr mnl pepekno). Iednlyninl bhoeiuo termgrg mnrgpnmn derdgonla nthb9 `hlthflyn, bhoeiuo ngr berupninl andulanl mun nthb fgmrhael mnl sntu nthb hisgael. Dedernpn kelgs bhoeiuo (`hlthflyn ulsur  bhoeiuo bhoei uo ans ynla tgmni bebdeltui bebdeltui sedntgnl, sepertg feogub), feogub), termgrg termgrg mnrgpnmn mnrgpnmn fnlyn fnlyn sntu kelgs nthb. Bnsynrnint pertnbn inog belaelno telnan luiogr mnonb deltui dhb nthb ynla mgkn mgkntu tufi finl nl mg Fgrh Fgrhsf sfgb gbnn mnl mnl Lnan Lnansn snig ig mn mnon onb b Ze Zern rnla la Mulg Mulgnn GG tn tnfu ful l >7 >7=5 =5.. Peme Pemebg bgig ignl nl mn mnfs fsyn yntl tlyn yn ni nigd gdnt nt yn ynla la mgtg mgtgbd bduoi uoinl nl ho hoef ef dh dhb b te terse rsedu dutt sefgl sefglaa aann  pelanruflyn bnsgf mnpnt mgrnsninl snbpng seinrnla. Mg snbpgla sednang selkntn  pnbulains ynla mnfsynt, sekni onbn hrnla teonf bebgigrinl dnangbnln `nrn ultui  bebnlc bebn lcnn nnti tinl nl teln telnan an lu luio iogr gr na nanr nr mn mnpn pntt de derb rbnl nlcnn cnntt ul ultu tui i ie iesek seknf nfte tern rnnl nl ubnt ubnt bnlusgn.  Luiogr berupninl periebdnlanl mnrg beinlgin iunltub. ]eilhohag luiogr  bebgog beb gogig ig sgsg phsgtg phsgtgcc mnl leantg leantgcly clyn. n. Zebnlc Zebnlcnnt nntnl nl luiogr luiogr mnpnt mnpnt bebpel bebpelanr anrufg ufg  pelglaintnl ienbnlnl glterlnsghlno. ]etnpg mnrg renisg luiogr ynla mgfnsgoinl selmgrg se lmgrg mnpnt belyedndinl rnmgnsg ynla snlant tglaag. Hoef inreln gtu, peluogs belanbdgo  kumuo "]ehrg Nthb mnl Gbpoebeltnsg mnonb ]eilhohag Luiogr" sednang pebdnfnsnl mnonb pebduntnl bninonf glg.

D. Tubu Tubusn snl l Bns Bnsno nonf nf >. Dnangb Dnangbnln nln Peknrnf Peknrnf mnl Zerieb Zeriebdna dnanl nl ]ehr ]ehrgg Nthb8 Nthb8 >

 

4.

Dnan Dnangb gbnl nlnn Ihls Ihlsep ep Mns Mnsnr nr ]eh ]ehrg rg Nth Nthb8 b8

0.

Dnangb Dnangbnln nln Zelanp Zelanpogi oginsgn nsgnl l Ietering Ieteringtnl tnl Nthb Nthb melanl melanl Elerag Elerag Luiogr8 Luiogr8

@. ]ukunl

>.

Ultui Ultui bela belaetn etnfug fug seknrn seknrnf f mnl perieb periebdnl dnlanl anl tehr tehrgg nthb nthb

4.

Ultui Ultui belaet belaetnfu nfugg ihls ihlsep ep mnsnr mnsnr tehrg tehrg nthb

0. Ultui Ultui belae belaetnf tnfug ug ieteri ieteringtn ngtnl l nthb mela melanl nl elerag elerag luio luiogr  gr  M. Bnlcnn Bnlcnntt Zeluog Zeluogsnl snl >.

Bebder Bebdergin ginl l pelaetnf pelaetnfunl unl iepnmn iepnmn pebdn` pebdn`nn belael belaelng ng seknrnf seknrnf mnl periebdn periebdnlan lanl l tehrg nthb.

4.

Bebdun Bebduntt pebdn`n pebdn`n irgtgs irgtgs ultui ultui bebpe bebpeonkn onknrg rg ihlsep ihlsep mnsnr mnsnr tehrg tehrg nthb. nthb.

0.

Mnpn Mnpntt bela belaet etnf nfug ug se sein inog ogau auss bela belant ntnsg nsg mn mnbp bpni ni el elera eragg lu luio iogr gr yn ynla la de deri ring ngtnl tnl melanl nthb.

4

 

DND GG ZEBDNFNPNL  N.

Peknrnf mnl Zeriebdnlanl ]ehrg Nthb Znmn Znmn tnfu tnful l >6 >663 63,, sehrnl sehrnla a yn ynla la de derl rlnb nbnn Euae Euael l Ahom Ahomst steg egl l beon beoniu iuin inl l

 per`hdnnl bebhmgcginsg tndula sglnr inthmn ynla mgtebuinl Qgoognb @rhhies `nrnlynn beoudnlag `nrnly beoudnlag oebpela inthme. Mnrg per`hdnnl per`hdnnl glg, belebuinl belebuinl inonu ans ynla nmn mg deoninla inthme knmg derpgknr. Dernrtg rnmgnsg mnrg nlhme belebdus oebpelanl inthme oewnt oudnla ynla umnf mgdunt. Mgdnwnf glg, nmn dedernpn fnsgo per`hdnnl ynla mgoniuinl; >.

Pgcn Pg cntt sglnr sglnr nlhmn nlhmn glg yngtu yngtu rn rnmg mgns nsgg pn pnrt rtgi gieo eo inreln inreln bnbpu bnbpu bebut bebutnr nr dnogla dnogla ‐   dnogla.

4.

Tnmgnsg Tnmgnsg glg glg inonu inonu mgdeohi mgdeohiinl inl pning pning bemnl bemnl bnale bnalet, t, bnin bnin ninl beluk beluku u ie iutud iutud bnalet leantgc. Nrtglyn, rnmgnsg sglnr glg derbuntnl phsgtgc (gtu pelyedndlyn ynla mglnbninl nlhme mnl iebumgnl mglnbninl prhthl).

0.

Znrtgi Znrtgieo eo sgln sglnrr nlhmn nlhmn deranlt deranltula ula pnmn pnmn kelgs kelgs ans ynla ynla nmn mg mnonb mnonb tndula tndula.. Bnssn Bnssn  prhthl terie`go mgperhoef pnmn nthb Fgmrhael yngtu Bnssn > prhthl 2 > sbn 2 >,33 Ñ >:-4= arnb melanl buntnl > prhthl 2 +> 2 >,3 Ñ >:->7 @. (Nmfgtyn, 4:4:) Iebumg Ieb umgnl, nl, pnmn pnmn tnful tnful >671 >671 Khsepf Khsepf Khfl Khfl ]fhbsh ]fhbshl l beoniu beoniuinl inl per`hd per`hdnnl nnl

 pning tndula sglnr inthme. Nmn 4 pont eoeitrhmn, mgbnln snonf sntu pont ohanb ynla nmn pnmn ukula tndula ynla derculasg sednang inthmn. 4 pont glg mgbnsuiinl ie mnonb tndula tnd ula in`n in`n dertei derteinln nlnl l relmnf relmnf,, mnl mgnogr mgnogrinl inl ogstrgi ogstrgi dertea derteanla nlanl nl tglaag tglaag snbpng snbpng bnbpu beoepns eoeitrhl mnrg inthmn ie nlhmn. Pglnr inthmn tgmni dgsn mgogfnt melanl bntn teonlknla, tetnpg dgsn mgieetnfug mnrg derpelknrlyn onpgsnl tndula in`n dnagnl mnonb nigdnt nmnlyn delturnl nltnrn eoeitrhl melanl mglmgla tndula. Dgsn mgogfnt sglnr inthmn, kgin mgdelturinl ie onynr dercouhreselsg (onynr ynla dgsn derpelmnr) seteonf mgderg oudnla pnmn pont ohanb nlhmn. Pepertg anbdnr mg dnwnf glg.

0

 

Anbdnr 4. >. ]ndula Pglnr Inthmn

=

 

Fnsgo per`hdnnl ynla mgoniuinl; >.

Berupni Berupninl nl rnmgnsg rnmgnsg pnrtg pnrtgieo ieo,, inreln inreln bnbpu bnbpu bebutn bebutnrr dnogla dnogla ‐ dnogla. dnogla.

4.

Tnmgnsg Tnmgnsg glg glg inonu mgdeo mgdeohii hiinl nl pning pning bemnl bemnl bnalet bnalet,, bnin ninl ninl beluku beluku ie iutud iutud bnalet phsgtgc. Nrtglyn, sglnr inthmn derbuntnl leantgc.

0.

Znrtgieo Znrtgieo inthmn inthmn bernbdnt bernbdnt teani teani ourus mnrg oebpelanl oebpelanl inthmn beluku beluku nlhmn. nlhmn.

=.

Pglnr Pglnr inthmn inthmn tgmni tgmni teranlt teranltula ula pnmn pnmn kelgs kelgs pont ohan ohanb b ynla mgpni mgpning. ng.

5.

Pglnr Pglnr inthmn inthmn dgsn dgsn mgdun mgduntt melanl melanl ogstrg ogstrgi i teanlan teanlanl l tglaag tglaag.. Melanl Mel anl sgcnt sgcnt glg, glg, bnin bnin K.K ]fhbsh ]fhbshl l belnbn belnbninl inl pnrtgi pnrtgieo eo pelyu pelyusul sul nthb nthb

 derbuntnl leantgc glg sednang Eoeitrhl. K.K ]fhbshl kuan belebuinl perdnlmglanl buntnl bun tnl eoeitr eoeitrhl hl terfnm terfnmnp np bnssn bnssn yngtu yngtu >,13 >,13 Ñ >:6 @/a. Znmn Znmn tnful tnful >7:7, >7:7, Thdert Thdert Bgooginl derfnsgo belebuinl desnrlyn buntnl sedunf eoeitrhl yngtu >,3 Ñ >: ->7  @. -0>

Bnin inbu perhoef bnssn > eoeitrhl sedesnr 7,>:75Ñ>:  Ia. Peteonf Pet eonf belebu belebuinl inl prhthl prhthl mnl eoeitr eoeitrhl, hl, Erlest Erlest Tutfer Tutferchr chrm m beoniu beoniuinl inl  peleogtgnl pelebdninl oebpela tgpgs. Kgin nthb termgrg mnrg pnrtgieo ynla derbuntnl  phsgtgc mnl leantgc, bnin sglnr nopfn ynla mgtebdniinl fnruslyn tgmni nmn ynla mgterusinl/b mgteru sinl/belebdu elebduss oebpela oebpela ynla knmg bul`uo bul`uo gstgonf gltg nthb. Mgtnful >7>>, Erlest Tutferchrm mgdnltu hoef Fnls Aegaer mnl Erlest Bnrsmel, belebuinl ihlsep gltg nthb mgmuiula hoef pelebunl sglnr V hoef Q`. Thltael mgtnful >675 mnl  pelebunl znt Tnmghnitgc pnmn tnful >673. >673. (Nmfgtyn, 4:4:)

Znmn tnful >70:, premgisg Tutferchrm bebn`u sesehrnla ynla derlnbn Q. Dhtfe mnl F. De`ier beoniuinl eispergbel pelebdninl pnrtgieo nopfn pnmn gltg nthb nth b dergog dergogub ub (De), (De), terlyn terlyntn tn mgfnsgo mgfnsgoinl inl rnmgnsg rnmgnsg pnrtgi pnrtgieo eo dermny dermnynn tebdus tebdus tglaag tglaag.. Iebumgnl, mgtnful >704 eispergbel glg mgonlkutinl hoef Knbes @fnmwg`i, terlyntn  pnrtgieo ynla belgbduoinl rnmgnsg dermnyn tebdus tglaag gtu dersgcnt letrno ntnu tgmni   derbuntnl. Mnl bnssnlyn fnbpgr snbn melanl prhthl, pnrtgieo glg mgsedut melanl  Leutrhl mnl mgonbdnlainl melanl; melanl;

5

 

Zelmnpnt teltnla susulnl znt sumnf belknmg perfntgnl sekni 45:: tnful ynla onou, yngtu sekni knbnl yulnlg iulh. Zelmnpnt glg oedgf mgiebdnlainl onag pnmn bnsn Oeu`gppus mnl Mebhirgtus ynla belyntninl dnfwn sesuntu znt tgmni mnpnt mgdeonf terus belerus tnlpn dntns, nmn dnagnl ynla pnogla ie`go ynla tgmni mnpnt mgdnag-dnag ntnu mgdeonf onag, gtu ynla berein sedut ‟nthbhs‒ ynla nrtglyn ynla tgmni mnpnt mgdnag mgd nag-dna -dnagg onag. onag. Pednog Pednogily ilynn Nrgsth Nrgsthteo teoes es derpel derpelmnp mnpnt nt pnrtgi pnrtgieo eo mnpnt mnpnt mgdeon mgdeonf f terus terus belerus tnlpn dntns. Mnonb bebgigrinl nonb sebestn, Pednagnl desnr pnrn nfog cgosncnt Wulnlg belglknulyn mnonb sinon bnirh, yngtu dermnsnrinl npn ynla berein ogfnt se`nrn insnt bntn snkn. Lnbul nmn puon dedernpn nfog cgosncnt ynla bebgigrinl oedgf knuf bniln termnonb mnrg knant rnyn glg mnonb ihlsep dersinon bgirh, nrtglyn derpgigr  se`n se`nrn rn ndst ndstrn rni i fnofno-fn fnoo ynla ynla tgmn tgmni i mnpn mnpntt bere berein in ogfn ogfntt ln lnbu bul l bere berein in yn ynig iglg lg iedernmnnllyn, berein mgsedut pnrn nthbgst . Nthbgs Nth bgstt pertnb pertnbnn nmnonf nmnonf Oeu`gp Oeu`gppus pus  mn mnrg rg Bgoet Bgoetus us-W -Wul ulnl nlgg (= (==: =: PB) PB) mn mnl l Mebh`rgtus  mnrg Ndmern (=4: PB). Berein belyubdnlainl pebgigrnllyn se`nrn terpg ter pgsnf snf,, ln lnbu bul l snogl snogla a de derse rsesu sung ngnl nl (Bnsh (Bnshl, l, >7 >734 34). ). Zn Znmn mn fn fnie iein intl tlyn yn an anan ansn snl l Oeu`gppus mnl Mebh`rgths  belae belaelng lng bnterg dersgcnt dersgcnt mgsihltglu mgsihltglu.. Bnterg tersusul tersusul mnrg  pnrtgieo-pnrtgieo ie`go ynla tgmni mnpnt mgdnag-dnag onag ynla mgietnfug sednang nthb. Nthb-n Nth b-nthb thb pelyus pelyusul ul bnterg bnterg gtu selnlt selnltgnsn gnsn deraer deraerni ni mg mnonb mnonb iefnbp iefnbpnnl nnl (runla (runla vniub vni ub2 2 runla runlanl nl ynla ynla belanl belanlmul mula a ietgnm ietgnmnnl nnl ndshou ndshout). t). Gstgonf Gstgonf nt nth hbhs bhs (n2tgmni, thbhs2mnpnt mgdnag) mgderginl ultui pnrtgieo bnterg gtu, inreln nthb-nthb snlant fnous mnl tgmni mnpnt mgdnag-dnag onag. (Druthl, >733). Ou`retgus, snonf sntu pelyngr  terd terdng ngi i mnrg mnrg Thbn Thbn pnm pnmn ndnm ndnm gtu gtu, beb bebper` per`ny nyng ng ihl hlse sep p nt nthb hb te ters rsed edu ut. Gn belglaanoinl sedunf mesirgpsg belaelng fno gtu mnonb pugsg ynla pnlknla, yngtu  Me  Terub Lnturn (‖Hl tfe lnture tfgla‗ ). ). Gn beyniglg dnfwn suntu iesntunl tuduf ynla tnbpnilyn tnbpni lyn tgmni terpe`nf-pe`nf terpe`nf-pe`nf sedelnrlyn sedelnrlyn mgfnsgoinl mgfnsgoinl mnrg iubpuonl nthb ynla  deruiurnl snlant ie`go. (Druthl, >733) Znrn nfog cgsncnt nonb pnmn znbnl glg sepertg Nrgsthteoes (06=-044 PB) mnrg Ptngae Ptn gaern rn Wulnlg Wulnlg,, Zonth Zonth mnl Anoel Anoel  (>0: (>0:-4:: -4:: PB) belhoni belhoni ihlsep ihlsep nthb tersedut. Ubublyn berein bebnlmnla bnterg berupninl ‟Pntu iesntunl ynla utuf (ihltglu) 3

 

mnpnt mgdnag terus-belerus belknmg dnagnl seie`go-ie`golyn tnlpn dntns mnl mnonb nonb sebestn tgmni nmn iefnbpnnl (runla fnbpn)‒. Nonb sebestn termgrg mnrg = eoebel, yngtu tnlnf tnlnf,, npg npg,, umnrn mnl ngr inreln bnsgla-bnsgla `elmerula mgtebuinl mg nonb. Znlmnlanl gtu mgperiunt hoef ]fnoes mnrg Bgoetus (seigtnr 56: tnful PB), Nlnxgbeles (55:-=15 PB) mnl Nlnxgbnlmer   (tnful 3>:-5=5 PB) belyntninl mulgn termgrg ntns tnlnf, ngr, umnrn, mnl npg. (Zhemkgnmg, >761) Znlmnlanl pnrn nfog cgosncnt nonb gtu, terutnbn Nrgsthteoes oedgf mgyniglg mg bnsynrnint, bnsynrn int, inreln phpuonrgtns phpuonrgtns mnl iremgdgogtn iremgdgogtnslyn. slyn. Fno glg deronlasula deronlasula,, terutnbn terutnbn snbpng ndnm pertelanfnl (41 PB- =13 B) ntnu ndnm ieaeonpnl (mg Erhpn). Pemnlainl ihlsep nthb Oeu`gppus  mnl Mebh`rgtus tgmni mgfgrnuinl hrnla. Nrgsthteoes mgnlaanp sednang nfog cgosncnt Wulnlg ynla terdngi snnt gtu. Anansnllyn snlant ouns mnonb  derdnang dgmnla mnl mgtuogsinllyn mnonb deltui duiu ynla deringtnl melanl  periebdnlanl pelaetnfunl sepertg nstrhlhbg, dghohag, betncgsgin, fuiub, phogtgi, ohagin, etgin mnl estetgin. Duiu-duiulyn mgknmginl dnfnl n`unl mnonb wnitu ynla onbn (dnfinl ihlsep ohagin bnsgf mgnlut fglaan seinrnla). Znmn ndnm ieaeonpnl ieaeonpnl mg Erhpn, Erhpn, ubublyn ubublyn periebdnlanl periebdnlanl sngls mnl teilhohag teilhohag belanonbg belan onbg fnbdntnl. Fno glg, inreln snnt gtu pebgigrnl pnrn gobuwnl, gobuwnl, teriulaiula teriulaiula hoef hoe f nknrnl nknrnl nanbn nanbn Inthog Inthogi i hrthmh hrthmhis, is, ynla ynla belagi belagint nt iededn iedednsnl snl derpgi derpgigr gr teltnl teltnla a iemulgnwgnl, terutnbn gobu pelaetnfunl. Zebgigrnl ynla lnbpnilyn derteltnlanl melanl ‟nknrnl‒ ‟nknrnl‒ nanbn, mgnlaanp sednang iesnonfnl mnl mhsn ynla fnrus mgtedus melanl fuiubnl cgsgi dnfinl melanl lynwn. Znrnmgabn Nrgsthteognl bnsgf mgniug, inreln mgnlaanp tgmni derteltnlanl melanl ‟nknrnl‒  ‟nknrnl‒  nanbn. Peongl ihlsep nthb ynla belmnpnt pebdelnrnl mnrg nknrnl nanbn, anansnl ongllyn nmnonf belaelng ihlsep  aehseltrgs mnl pelhoninl terfnmnp ihlsep runla vniub. Dermnsnrinl anansnl nthb Oeu`gppus mnl Mebh`rgtus mnl cnitn-cnitn ebpgrgs ynla mgtebuinl mgtebuinl hoef gobuwnl gobuwnl dergiutlyn dergiutlyn Mnothl bereihlseptunogs bereihlseptunogsnsginl nsginl iebdnog iebdnog belknmg suntu tehrg ynla mgielno sednang tehrg nthb Mnothl. Znmn perghme ndnm >1 snbpn snb pngg pe perb rbuo uonn nnl l nd ndnm nm ie ie-> ->7, 7, teon teonf f mgoe mgoetn tnii iinl nl sunt suntu u pn pnlm lmnl nlan anl l dn dnru ru ul ultu tui  i  belk be lkeo eons nsin inl l sg sgcn cntt-sg sgcn cntt cg cgsg sgi in mnr nrgg ienm ienmnn nnl l znt znt pnm nmnt nt,, an anss mnl `ngr `ngr se sert rtnn belagmeltgcginsginl cnitn-cnitn pelaandulanl igbgnwg se`nrn iunltgtntgc. Pedeou Ped eoub b perbuo perbuonnl nnl ndnm ndnm ie->7, ie->7, tgmni tgmni sebun sebun gobuwn gobuwnl l beynig beyniglg lg anansnl anansnl nthb nthb,,

inre inreln ln deou deoub b

mgpe mgperh rhoe oef f

ieke iekeon onsn snl l

bela belael elng ng cn cnit itnn-cn cnit itnn

yn ynla la mnpn mnpntt

belmuiulalyn. Melanl mebgignl anansnl ihlsep nthb ynla mgiebuininl Mnothl (>133->6= (>133 ->6==), =), mgpnlmnla mgpnlmnla sednang sednang ieonlkutnl ieonlkutnl pnlmnlanl pnlmnlanl cgohshc cgohshc nthbgi, nthbgi, besigpul besigpul 1

 

termnpn term npntt semgig semgigtt perdem perdemnnl nnl mnonb mnonb onlmns onlmnsnl nl derpgi derpgigrl grlyn. yn. Dedernp Dedernpnn anansnl anansnl ynla ynla mgtunlainl mgtunl ainl Mnothl mgonlmnsg mgonlmnsg hoef cnitn-cnitn ebpgrgs deronlmnsinl deronlmnsinl eispergbel eispergbel ynla mgoniuinl hoef gobuwnl ongl, semnlainl pnlmnlanl cgohshc teltnla nthb seouruflyn  derupn recoeisg irgtgs terfnmnp celhbeln nonb (Mnbpger, >760 9 Bnshl ,>734) ,>734) Zhihi-phihi pgigrnl ynla mgpnpnrinl Mnothl mnonb tuogsnllyn Lew tuogsnllyn  Lew Pysteb hc  @febg`no Zfgohshpfy  Zfgohshpfy  ynla mgpudoginsginllyn pnmn tnful >6:6. gtu nmnonf sednang  dergiut ; >.

Pebun Pebun znt termgr termgrgg mnrg sekubo sekubonf nf pnrtgie pnrtgieoo ynla snlant snlant ie`go ie`go ntnu nthbnthb-nth nthb b bnterg bnterg ynla tergint dersnbn-snbn beonoug suntu anyn ntrnisg ynla ieiuntnllyn sesung melanl ienmnnlyn.

4.

Nthb Nthb-nt -nthb hb setg setgnp np zn zntt burl burlgg nm nmno nonf nf gm gmel eltg tgi, i, nr nrtg tgly lynn bebp bebpul ulyn yngg de delt ltui ui mn mnl l uiurnl ynla snbn. Lnbul, nthb suntu znt burlg derdemn sgcnt mnl uiurnllyn melanl nthb znt ongl.

0.

Nlnogs Nlnogsgs gs mnl sgltesg sgltesgss znt igbgn igbgn ntnu suntu suntu renisg renisg igbgn igbgn berupnin berupninl l suntu prhse prhsess ynla deronlasula tgmni oedgf mnrgpnmn pelyusulnl uonla nthb-nthb mnrg suntu selynwn ynla ninl belafnsgoinl selynwn dnru melanl sgcnt-sgcnt ynla deronglnl melanl nsnolyn. Lnbul tgmni nmn pel`gptnnl/irensg pnrtgieo-pnrtgieo ntnu nthbnthb ynla kelgslyn dnru ntnupul prhses pebuslnfnl ynla teringt mg mnonblyn. (mgielno melanl Fuiub Ieieinonl Bnterg). Hoef inreln kubonf thtno nthb tgmni   derudnf, bnin tgmni ninl n inl terknmg perudnfnl bnssn (pebdelnrnl terfnmnp Fuiub Ieieinonl Bnssn ‐ Onvhgsger).

=.

Mnon Mnonb b re reni nisg sg igbg igbgnn nm nmnn su sunt ntu u ie iete ternt rntur urnl nl mnonb mnonb seag seag iu iunl nltg tgtn tntg tgc, c, yn yngt gtu u dg dgon on 4 ulsur N mnl D bebdeltui 4 selynwn ntnu oedgf, mnl snonf sntu ulsur ynla mginlmula mginlm ula tgnp tgnp selynw selynwnn derntl derntlyn yn snbn, snbn, bnin bnin dernt dernt ulsur ulsur iemun iemun pnmn pnmn tgnp selyn sel ynwn wn ni ninl nl de derd rdnl nlmg mgla la me mela lanl nl dgon dgonla lanl nl du duon ontt mn mnl l se seme merf rfnl nlnn (Fui (Fuiub ub Zerdnlmglan Zerdnl mglanl l Deranlmn Deranlmn Mnothl). Mnothl). Nturnl-nturnl Nturnl-nturnl glg seonlkutlyn seonlkutlyn mgnmhpsg mgnmhpsg sednang sednang  pelultul mnonb sebun pelyeogmginl igbgn igbgn sgltesgs. Peon Peongl gl fnofno-fn fnoo ynl ynla teon teonf f mgke mgkeon onsi sinl nl mg nt ntns ns,, Mno noth thl l ku kuan an bel el`h `hd dn

belaanbdnrinl sgbdho mnsnr nthb-nthb melanl tgtgi, sgonla mnl dgltnla mg mnonb oglainrnl ie`go. Bethme glg iebumgnl mgperdngig hoef Khfl Kn`hd Derzeogus (>117>6=6) ynla bebperielnoinl sgsteb ynla snbpng seinrnla igtn aulninl. Mnsnr mgbuonglyn perghme beinlgin iunltub nmnonf ietgin beinlgin ionsgi  tgmni dgsn belkeonsinl aeknon-aeknon cgsgin ynla dersgcnt bgirhsihcgs mnl deraerni  melanl ie`epntnl ynla belmeintg ie`epntnl `nfnyn. Hoef inreln gtu, aeknon cgsgin 6

 

tersedut terlyntn fnlyn nmn sntu iubpuonl, mnl beinlgin iunltub belaulainpinl usnfn igtn ynla terdngi snbpng snnt glg ultui berubusinllyn. Zeriebdnlanl tehrg nthb belulkuiinl nmnlyn perudnfnl ihlsep susulnl nthb mnl renisg igbgn nltnr  nthb. Ieoebnfnl bhmeo nthb ynla mgiebuininl Tutferchrm mgsebpurlninl hoef  Lgeos Felrgi Mnvgm Dhfr. Dhfr belaebuininl anansnllyn teltnla pelaaulnnl tglaint elerag eoeitrhl pnmn struitur s truitur nthb. Bhmeo glg iebumgnl mgielno melanl bhmeo nthb nth b Tutfer Tutferchr chrm-D m-Dhfr hfr.. ]glain ]glaintt elerag elerag eoeitr eoeitrhl hl mgauln mgaulninl inl ultui ultui belern belernlai lainl nl terknmg terk nmglyn lyn speitr speitrub ub nthb nthb ynla ynla mgfnsg mgfnsgoin oinl l hoef hoef nthb nthb ynla ynla belaeo belaeounr unrinl inl elerag elerag  derupn rnmgnsg `nfnyn. Bebglk Beb glknb nb gst gstgon gonf f Iufl, Iufl, beinlg beinlgin in iunltu iunltub b berupn berupninl inl pnrnmg pnrnmgabn abn sngls sngls revhousghler pnmn nwno ndnm 4:. Onfgrlyn beinlgin iunltub, tgmni teroepns mnrg  periebdnlanl-periebdnlanl tehrg, terutnbn tehrg nthb. beinlgin iunltub, duinl ultui belafnpus tehrg mnl fuiub sedeoublyn, beonglinl beinlgin iunltub tgmni  oedgf ultui berevgsg mnl belnbdno pnlmnlanl bnlusgn terfnmnp mulgn, terutnbn mulgn bgirhihsbgi. Dgsn knmg, sedelnrlyn fuiub-fuiub ynla deroniu dnag mulgn teonf tersemgn mnl deroniu dnag setgnp celhbeln celhbeln nonb, tetnpg pelanonbnl bnlusgnonf bnlusgnonf ynla terdntns. Hoef sednd gtu, snbpng mgsglg igtn fnrus snmnr mnl beyniglg dnfwn sgcnt sngls gtu snlant teltntgc. Belanp Bel anpnn tehrg tehrg iunltu iunltub b berupn berupninl inl dndni dndni dnru dnru `nrn bebnlm bebnlmnla nla nonb8 nonb8 Sonmgbgr Fhrhwgtz perlnf belantninl dnfwn ‟bhznrt ‟bhznrt teronou bumnf ultui pebuon, tetnpg teronou suogt ultui pnrn nfog‒. nfog‒ . Fno ynla snbn kuan deroniu ultui tehrg iunltub. Pe`nrn semerfnln tehrg iunltub belyntninl dnfwn ‟ pnrtgieo pnmn tglaint sud nthbgi  tgmni tulmui pnmn fuiub cgsgin ionsgi‒.‟El ionsgi‒.‟Eltgtns tgtns sepertg eoeitrhl eoeitrhl mnpnt mnpnt derwukum  derwukum  YexgstR sednang mun delmn derdemn se`nrn sgbuotnl bnterg ntnu elerag, teranltula   pnmn `nrn pelauiurnllyn‒ pelauiurnllyn‒.. (Znuo Ptrntferl, 4::4) Anry [uinc (4::0) bebderginl pelaertgnl se`nrn etgbhohags mnrg beinlgin iu iunl nltu tub. b. ‖Iun ‖Iunlt ltub ub‗‗ beru berupn pnin inl l ui uiur urnl nl iu iunl nltg tgtn tnss se sesu sunt ntu, u, de desn snrl rlyn yn te terte rtelt ltu. u. ‖Beinlgin‗ nmnonf inkgnl ntnu gobu teltnla aerni. Knmg, beinlgin iunltub nmnonf inkgnl ntnu gobu teltnla aerni iunltub. ]ehrg iunltub belantninl dnfwn nonb sebestn termgrg ntns dnagnl-dnagnl ynla snlant ie`go ynla mgsedut iunltn Yqunltn Y qunltn,,  deltui knbni mnrg qunltub qunltubR, R, mnl beinlgin iunltub nmnonf inkgnl ntnu gobu ynla bebpeonknrg celhbeln glg. Zn Znmn mn nwno nwno nd ndnm nm 4: pnrn pnrn Cgsg Cgsgin inwn wnl l bely belynm nmnr nrgg dn dnfw fwnn fu fuiu iubb-fu fuiu iub b bnirhsihpgi mnonb Cgsgin tgmni bnbpu belkeonsinl pergoniu pnrtgieo pnmn tglaint 7

 

bgirhsihpgi. Fno gtu belmhrhla pnrn Cgsginwnl ultui belaebdnlainl suntu dgmnla Cgsgin ynla mgsedut Beinlgin Iunltub. Znmn fnigintlyn, Cgsgin Iunltub derthoni  mnrg sgcnt aeohbdnla pnrtgieo. Kgin deltui phtelsgno ynla bebpelanrufg pnrtgieo sertn  dntnsnllyn mgietnfug bnin ninl mgperhoef culasg aeohbdnla mnl peounla iedernmnnllyn, sertn elerag mnl sgcnt-sgcnt ongllyn (Tustnb, 4:>:). D.

Ihlsep Mnsnr Nthb Ihlsep Ihl sep teltnl teltnla a nthb nthb pertnb pertnbnn seinog seinog mg`etu mg`etusin sinl l hoef hoef Mebhir Mebhirgtu gtus, s, beluru belurutt

Mebhir Meb hirgtu gtuss sebun sebun mnpnt mnpnt mgpe`nf mgpe`nfinl inl belknm belknmgg pnrtgi pnrtgieo eo terie`go terie`go,, mgbnln mgbnln pnrtgi pnrtgieoeo pnrtgieo tgmni dgsn onag mgdnag oedgf onlkut mgsedut nthb. Nthb dernsno mnrg intn nthbhs,, (n; tgmni, thbhs; bebhthla), tgmni mnpnt mgphthla ntnu tgmni mnpnt mgdnag. nthbhs (Zetru``g, >773) Peteon Pet eonf f dedernp dedernpnn ndnm ndnm onbnly onbnlynn tehrg tehrg teltnl teltnla a nthb nthb belmnp belmnpnt nt perfnt perfntgnl gnl ynla ynla sergus, sefglaan mgtebuinl dnfwn pnrtgieo mnsnr nthb nmnonf; prhthl, eoeitrhl mnl leutrrhl. leutr rhl. Znrtgieo-pnrtgieo Znrtgieo-pnrtgieo glgonf ynla belyedndinl belyedndinl terknmglyn terknmglyn nthb. Mnonb gobu igbgn mgsedutinl ‟setgnp nthb bebgogig tgtgi pusnt ntnu gltg ntnu lu`oeus ynla termgrg mnrg dedernpn leutrhl mnl prhthl‒. Peonlkutlyn Nfbnm Dngqulg belantninl; ....nthb termgrg mnrg gltg ynla derbuntnl ogstrgi phsgtgc mnl mgieogoglag hoef eoeitrhl-eoeitrhl ynla derbuntnl ogstrgi leantgc ynla ultui belagbdnlag buntnl prhthl gltg, `n`nflyn snbn melanl `n`nf prhthl mgmnonb luioeus. (Nfbnm Dngqulg, >771) Znrtgieo-pnrtgieo mnsnr gtu nmn ynla derbuntnl phsgtgc mnl nmn ynla derbuntnl leantgc mnl nmn puon ynla tgmni derbuntnl, semnlainl bnssnlyn derdemn. Zrhthl  derbuntnl phsgtgc mnl eoeitrhl derbuntnl leantgc, semnlainl se mnlainl leutrhl tgmni derbuntnl ntnu ntn u letrno. letrno. Fno glg mgsedn mgsedndi dinl nl inreln inreln prhthl prhthl derand derandula ula melanl melanl eoeitr eoeitrhl hl bnin bnin sgcntlyn derudnf belknmg letrno. Durfnlummgl belyedutinl dnfwn; ...leutrhl nmnonf  prhthl ynla iepnmnlyn mgtnbdnfinl buntnl leantgc (eoeitrhl), sefglaan mnrg phsgtgc   derudnf belknmg letrno (bnin mglnbninl leutrhl). (Durfnlummgl, (Durfnlummgl, >776) Ihlsep Ihl sep mnsnr mnsnr teltnl teltnla a nthb nthb sedeln sedelnrly rlynn sumnf sumnf onbn onbn mgieln mgielnoo hrnla. hrnla. Ihlsep Ihlsep tersedut nltnrn ongl dernsno mnrg pebgigrnl hrnla Wulnlg iulh ynla mgpeohphrg hoef Mebh`rgtus ynla fgmup pnmn nifgr ndnm ie-= mnl nwno ndnm ie-5 Pedeoub Bnsefg. Beluru Bel urutt tehrg tehrg ynla ynla mgiebu mgiebuini ininll nllyn, yn, suntu suntu delmn delmn mnpnt mnpnt mgdnag mgdnag belknm belknmgg dnagnl dnagnl- dnagnl ynla snlant ie`go ynla nifgrlyn tgmni mnpnt mgdnag onagynla mgsedut nthb. Intnn nthb Int nthb dernsno dernsno mnrg mnrg dnfnsn dnfnsn Wulnlg Wulnlg yngtu‒ yngtu‒nth nthbhs bhs‒‒ ynla ynla dernrtg dernrtg ‒tg ‒tgmni mni mnpnt mnpnt mgdnag‒. Mgsedutinl dnfwn nonsnl glg dernsno mnrg hdservnsg mg bnln dutgrnl pnsgr  >:

 

mnpnt dersnbn-snbn bebdeltui sedunf pnltng. Mnonb nlnohaglyn, pnsgr nmnonf nthb, mnl pnltng pnltng nmnonf nmnonf selynwn selynwn.. Nlnoha Nlnohagg glg iebumg iebumgnl nl mnpnt mnpnt mgfudu mgfudulai lainl nl melanl melanl  pelaertgnl Mebh`rgtus terfnmnp nthb ynla tgmni dgsn mgdnag onag; wnonupul sedunf  pnltng mnpnt mgdnag ie mnonb dutgrnl-dutgrnl pnsgrlyn, dutgrnl pnsgr glg tgmni mnpnt mgdnag. Mebh`rgtus kuan dernonsnl dnfwn nthb sepeluflyn pnmnt, mnl tgmni bebgogig stru struit itur ur gl glte terl rlno no.. Mg Mgnn ku kuan an de derp rpgi gigr gr fn fnru russ nm nmnn ru runl nla a ih ihsh shla la nl nltn tnrr nt nthb hb ul ultu tui  i  bebderginl bebd erginl runla ultui ultui peraerninll peraerninllyn yn (sepertg peraerninl peraerninl mnonb ngr mnl umnrn, ntnu coeisgdgogtns coeisgdgogtns delmn pnmnt). Pednang Pednang tnbdnfnl, tnbdnfnl, Mebh`rgtus Mebh`rgtus kuan belkeonsinl belkeonsinl  dnfwn ultui belkeonsinl perdemnnl sgcnt mnrg bntergnoynla derdemn, nthb mgdemninl ie mnonb deltui, bnssn mnl uiurnllyn. Melanl bhmeo nthblyn, Mebh`rgtus bnbpu belkeonsinl dnfwn sebun ynla igtn ogfnt termgrgmnrg dnagnl/dohi dnlaulnl ynla oedgf ie`g ie`goo mgse mgsedu dutt nthb nthb.. Lnbu Lnbul l bhme bhmeoo Mebh Mebh`r `rgt gtus us gl glgg iu iurn rnla la bebg bebgog ogig ig du duit itgg eispergbeltno, lnbul dnru tnful >6::nl duitg eispergbeltno bul`uo. (Durfnlummgl, >776) Ultui oedgf keonslyn onag teltnla sgcnt-sgcnt pnrtgieo mnpnt mgogfnt pnmn tndeo  dergiut glg; ]ndeo 4.> Pgcnt-sgcnt pnrtgieo (Pubder; Bg`fneo Zurdn, >775;61) Mznrrnf

]nlmn

Buntnl

Bnssn (arnb)

Bnssn (sbn)

Zrhthl

Z

+>

>,31454 x >:-4=

>,::141330

 Leutrhl

l

:

>,31=64 x >:-4=

>.::6335=

Eoeitrhl

e

->

7,>:7> x >:-46

:,:::5=6571

Dgon mgogfnt mnrg seag uiurnllyn, nthb suogt mgietnfug inreln ternbnt ie`go lnbul derint pernontnl ynla nbnt `nlaagf pnrn nfog mnpnt belaetnfug dnfwn nthb gtu desnrlyn iurnla mnrg sntu dnagnl >: bgoyul bgoogbeter, deagtu kuan pnrtgieo ongl sepnrtg eoeitrhl melanl uiurnl iurnla oedgf >::.::: inog oedgf ie`go mgdnlmglainl  dnagnl nthb. Nmnpul bnssn tgnp- tgnp eoeitrhl bebgogig bnssn mgnb yngtu 7,>4 x >:>4

arnb

ntnu

sntu

arnb

sednlmgla

melanl

:,:::.::: :,::: .:::.::: .:::.::: .:::.::: .:::.::: .:::.:::. .:::.:::. :::.:::.7 :::.7>4 >4 eoeitrhl eoeitrhl melanl melanl buntnl >,3:4x>: >,3:4x>:->7 ->7 `huohbd. (Durfnlummgl, >776) Zelaetnfunl teltnla nthb terus belerus mgiebdnlainl hoef pnrn gobunl, sefglaan sefgla an seinrnla seinrnla sumnf mgietnfug mgietnfug dnagnl mnl pernllyn pernllyn bnsgla-bnsgla bnsgla-bnsgla.. GobunlGobunlgobunl ynla snlant derknsn mnonb dgmnla glg nmnonf;

>>

 

>. Khfl Mnothl Dermnsn Der mnsnrin rinl l anansnl anansnl nthb nthb Oeu`gp Oeu`gppus pus mnl Mebh`r Mebh`rgtu gtuss mnl cnitn-c cnitn-cnit nitnn ebpgrgs ynla mgtebuinl hoef gobuwnl dergiutlyn Mnothl bereihlseptunogsnsginl iebdnog belknmg suntu tehrg ynla mgielno sednang tehrg nthb Mnothl. Znmn perghme ndnm >1 snbpng perbuonnl ndnm ie->7, teonf mgoetniinl suntu pnlmnlanl dnru ultui belkeonsinl sgcnt-sgcnt cgsgin mnrg ienmnnl znt pnmnt, ans mnl `ngr sertn belagmeltgcginsginl cnitn-cnitn pelaandulanl igbgnwg se`nrn iunltgtntgc. Pedeoub perbuonnl ndnm ie->7, tgmni sebun gobuwnl beyniglg anansnl nthb nthb,, in inre reln ln de deou oub b mgpe mgperh rhoef oef ie ieke keon onsnl snl bela belael elng ng cn cnit itn-c n-cni nitn tn yn ynla la mn mnpn pntt belmui bel muiula ulalyn lyn.. Melanl Melanl mebgig mebgignl nl anansnl anansnl ihlsep ihlsep nthb nthb ynla ynla mgiebu mgiebuini ininl nl Mnothl (>133->6==), (>133->6==), mgpnlmnla mgpnlmnla sednang sednang ieonlkutnl ieonlkutnl pnlmnlanl pnlmnlanl cgohshc nthbgi, nthbgi, besigp bes igpul ul termnp termnpnt nt sem semgig gigtt perdem perdemnnl nnl mnonb mnonb onlmns onlmnsnl nl derpgi derpgigrl grlyn. yn. Dedernp Dedernpnn anansnl ynla mgtunlainl Mnothl mgonlmnsg hoef cnitn-cnitn ebpgrgs deronlmnsinl eispergbel eisper gbel ynla mgoniuinl mgoniuinl hoef gobuwnl ongl, semnlainl pnlmnlanl pnlmnlanl cgohshc  cgohshc  teltnla nthb seouruflyn derupn recoeisg irgtgs terfnmnp celhbeln nonb (Mnbpger, >760 9 Bnshl ,>734) Kfhl Mnothl  Mnothl  nmnonf sehrnla cgsginwnl Glaargs, ynla pnmn nwno ndnm ie->7 bela be laeb ebui uini ninl nl

anan anansn snll llyn yn

telt teltnl nla a

nt nthb hb..

Belu Beluru rutl tlyn yn

nt nthb hb-n -nth thb b

gtu gtu

berupninl pnrtgieo- pnrtgieo ynla tgmni mnpnt mgdnag onag. Nthb suntu ulsur  snbn seanon sgcntlyn, sgcntlyn, semnlainl semnlainl nthb mnrg ulsur ynla derdemn bnin deronglnl deronglnl mnonb bnssn mnl sgcntlyn. Petgnp nthb mnpnt bebdeltui bhoeiuo mnl selynwn. Peonlkutlyn deognu kuan beleansinl dnfwn suntu renisg igbgn fnlyn beogdntinl  pelntn uonla nthb-nthb, sefglaan tgmni nmn nthb ynla derudnf nigdnt renisg igbgn. (Inrtglg,4:::)

Anbdnr 4.4. Bhmeo Nthb Mnothl

4. K. K. ]fhb fhbsh shl l K.K ]fhbshl ]fhbshl nmnonf cgsginwnl dnlasn Nbergin, Nbergin, deognu belaebuininl belaebuininl tehrglyn tehrgl yn dnfwn nthb bebgogig buntnl phsgtgc phsgtgc ynla terdnag berntn ieseouruf ieseouruf gsg nthb. nth b. Buntnl Buntnl glg mgletrn mgletrnoin oinl l hoef hoef eoeitrh eoeitrhl-e l-eoei oeitrh trhl l ynla ynla tersed tersednr nr mgnltn mgnltnrn rn buntnl tersedut. Ienmnnllyn bgrgp rhtg igsbgs, mgbnln eoeitrhl mgubpnbninl >4

 

sednang igsbgs ynla tersednr mnonb seouruf dnagnl mnrg rhtg.  (Tn`fbnwntg,4::1) Znmnn nwno Znm nwno >7::nl >7::nl,, K.K. K.K. ]fhbsh ]fhbshl l belaus belausuoi uoinl nl bhmeo bhmeo nthb nthb dnru dnru ynla ynla belagi bel agiuti utinl nl iedernm iedernmnnl nnl pnrtgi pnrtgieo eo eoeitrh eoeitrhl l mnl prhthl prhthl.. Inreln Inreln eisper eispergbe gbel l belulkuiinl prhthl bebgogig bnssn ynla knuf oedgf desnr mgdnlmglainl eoeitrhl, bnin bhmeo ]fhbshl beleaanbdnrinl nthb sednang prhthl tulaano ynla desnr. Mg mnonb pnrtgieo prhthl, ]fhbshl bebnsuiinl bebnsuiinl eoeitrhl eoeitrhl ynla beletrnoinl nmnlyn buntnl phsgtgc mnrg prhthl. Belurut ]fhbshl, nthb termgrg mnrg suntu  duontnl derbuntnl phsgtgc melanl rnpnt buntnl ynla berntn. Mg mnonb buntnl  phsgtgc glg tersednr eoeitrhl melanl buntnl leantgc ynla desnrlyn snbn melanl buntnl bun tnl phsgtg phsgtgc. c. @nrn @nrn ynla ynla phpuoe phpuoerr ultui ultui belaan belaanbdn bdnrin rinl l bhmeo bhmeo glg nmnonf nmnonf melanl belanlaanp eoeitrhl sednang igsbgs ( poubd  poubd)) mg mnonb iue pumgla prhthl, sefglaan

bhmeo

glg

mgderg

lnbn

bhmeo

iue

igsbgs

( poubd-pummgla 

bhmeo )).Qnonupul .Qnonupul bhmeo nthb ]fhbshl nmnonf ynla pertnbn ynla bebnsuiinl ihlsep nmnlyn prhthlmnl eoeitrhl ynla derbuntnl, bhmeo ]fhbshl tgmni bnbpu beoewntg pelanbntnl beoewntg pelanbntnl pnmneispergb pnmneispergbel-eisp el-eispergbel ergbel dergiutly dergiutlyn. n. Pednang Pednang `ntntnl, `ntntnl,  prhthl ynla mgaulninl mnonb bhmeo ]fhbshl glg duinlonf pnrtgieo prhthl ynla mgtebuinl mg bhmeo ynla oedgf bhmerl. Dnfinl sesulaauflyn mnpnt mgintninl bhme bh meoo

]fhb ]fhbsh shl l

tgmn tgmni i

bebg bebgog ogig ig pr prht hthl hl,,

ln lnbu bul l

se sedu dunf nf se seoo

de derb rbun untn tnl l

 phsgtgc.Zelanruf bhmeo nthb Mnothl mnpnt mgogfnt melanl keons pnmn bhmeo ]fhbshl. Mnothl derspeiuonsg dnfwn nthb nmnonf delmn pnmnt, mnl ]fhbshl belmuiula anansnl glg mnonbbhmeolyn melanl belaeohbphiinl eoeitrhl mnl  prhthl dersnbn-snbn.(Tn`fbnwntg, 4::1) Dergiut anbdnrlyn; anbdnrlyn;

Nthb sepertg dhon debuntnl phsgtgc 

Eoeitrhlynla bel ednr

Anbdnr 4.0. Bhmeo Nthb K. K. ]fhbshl

>0

 

0. Tutferc rch hrm Tutfer Tut ferchr chrm m nmnonf nmnonf sehrnla sehrnla gobunl gobunl cgsgin cgsgin ynla ynla derie` derie`gbp gbpula ula mnonb mnonb bnsnonf nthb, gn teonf derfnsgo belebuinl duitg dnfwn mnonb nthb termnpnt gltg nthb ynla derbuntnl phsgtgc ynla deruiurnl knuf oedgf ie`go mnrg uiurnl nthb nthb,, tetn tetnpg pg bnssn bnssn nthb nthb fn fnbp bpgr gr seour seouruf ufly lynn de derns rnsno no mn mnrg rg bnss bnssnn gl gltg tgly lyn. n. Dermns Derm nsnri nrinl nl tebu tebunl nlly lynn terse tersedu dut, t, Tutf Tutferc erchr hrm m bely belyus usul ul bhme bhmeoo nt nthb hb mn mnl l bebperdngig bebpe rdngig bhmeo nthb ]fhbshl. Bhmeo nthb Tutferchrm Tutferchrm belanbdnrinl belanbdnrinl nthb termgrg ntns gltg ynla derbuntnl phsgtgc mnl dernmn pnmn pusnt nthb, sertn eoeitrhl deraerni beogltnsg gltg sepnrtg fnolyn ponlet-ponlet belagtnrg bntnfnrg. (Ulaauo, Pumnrbh, 4::1) Znmn tnful >7>:, Erlest Tutferchrm beoniuinl per`hdnnl pnmn iedelnrnl bhme bh meoo gl glgg me mela lanl nl beon beoniu iuin inl l yn ynla la seinrn seinrnla la mg mgie ieln lnoo sedna sednang ng ei eisp sper ergb gbel el fnb fnbdu durn rnl l

Tutf utfer erch chrm rm

( Tutferchrm  Tutferchrm

s`nttergla

expergbelt ). ).

Tutferchrm

belebuinl pnrtgieo-ξ, sedunf pnrtgieo ynla mgpnl`nrinl hoef nthb rnmghnitgc,  pnmn tnful >7:7. Znrtgieo glgbebgogig buntnl phsgtgc, mnl cnitnlyn nmnonf igtn seinrnla tnfu dnfwn pnrtgieo-ξ sepertg nthb feogub mgoepnsinl mnrg eoeitrhllyn, bebderginllyn buntnl 4+. Mnonb eispergbel fnbdurnl glg, nogrnl pnrtgieo-ξ glg mgnrnfinl ie oebdnrnl ebns. Oebdnrnl ebns glg mgpgogf hoef Tutferchrm inreln mnpnt mgdunt snlant tgpgs”fnlyn setedno dedernpn nthb ebns. Pnnt pnrtgieo-ξ beogltnsg oebdnrnl ebns, Tutferchrm mnpntbelauiur dernpn dnlyni pnrtgieo-ξ ynla ynl a ninl ninl mgfnbd mgfnbduri urinl nl hoef hoef nthb nthb ebns ebns melanl melanl belanb belanbntgi ntgigont gontnl nl `nfnyn `nfnyn  pnrtgieo-ξ belndrni onynr  s`gltgonthr . Mg dnwnf tehrg nthb ]fhbshl, Tutferchm  derfgphtesn pnrtgieo-ξ ninl mgdeohiinl semgigt, snnt prhthl ebns belhoni   pnrtgieo-ξ ynla derbuntnl phsgtgc tglaag. Lnbul pnmn ielyntnnllyn, eispergbel fnbdur fnb durnl nl Tutfer Tutferchr chrm m belulk belulkuii uiinl nl fnsgo fnsgo ynla ynla keo keonsns- keo keons ns belhon belhoni i fgphte fgphtesgs sgs tersedutt mnl teltulyn tersedu teltulyn bhmeo nthb ]fhbshl. ]fhbshl. Tutferchm Tutferchm belebuinlsedna belebuinlsednagnl gnl  desnr pnrtgieo nocn bnbpu belebdus oebdnrnl ebns tnlpn mgdeohiinl. Dersnbnnlmelanl gtu, Tutferchrm kuan belebuinl pnrtgieo nocn ynla mgdeohiinl semgigt, lnbul melanlsnlant belaekutinl, Tutferchrm kuan belebuinl dedernpn  pnrtgieo nocn ynla mgdeohiinl pnmn sumut ynla snlant tnknb iebdnog ie subder  rnmghnitgc. Ultui belkeonsinl nmnlyn sednagnl desnr pnrtgieo-ξ ynla belebdus oebdnrnl ebns tnlpn mgdeohiinl, Tutferchrm iebumgnl belaebdnlainl bhmeo gltg nthb. Mnonb bhmeo glg, Tutferchrm belebpntinl sedunf prhthl ynla desnr  (sepertg eispergbel mnl bhmeo sedeoublyn) mg pusnt nthb. Tutferchrm dertehrg >=

 

 dnfwn mg seigtnr prhthl termnpnt runla desnr ynla ihshla mnrg seanon pnrtgieo ie`u ie`uno nogg

eoei eoeitr trhl hl

ynla nla

knrn knrnla la-k -knr nrnl nla. a.

Tunl Tunla a

te terd rdui uinn

ynl nla a

des esnr nr

gl glgg

bebderginlnonsnl nmnlyn pnrtgieo nocn ynla tgmni terdeohiinl. Znrtgieo nocn ynla mgdeohiinl mgdeo hiinl semgigtmgperigr semgigtmgperigrninl ninl teonf oewnt `uiup meint mnrg prhthl sefglaan sefglaan mgdeoh mgd eohiin iinl l hoef hoef anyn anyn eoeitr eoeitrhst hstntg ntgi.P i.Pemn emnla lainl inl dedern dedernpn pn pnrtgi pnrtgieo eo nocn nocn ynla ynla mgdeohiinl iebdnog ie subder mgperigrninl teonfbelanonbg tubduinl melanl gltg sefglaan sefglaan mgpnltuoinl mgpnltuoinl iebdnog hoef anyn eoeitrhstntg eoeitrhstntgi. i. (Ulaauo, (Ulaauo, Pumnrbh, Pumnrbh, 4::1) Ultui oedgf keonslyn mnpnt mgogfnt pnmn anbdnr dergiut glg;

Zrhthl Ogltnsnl Eoeitrhl

Eoeitrhl

Anbdnr 4.=. Bhmeo Nthb Tutferchrm

Mnrg eispergbel gtu nifgrlyn Tutferchrm belyusul bhmeo nthb, yngtu 9  Nthb tersusul mnrg gltg nthb ynla pusnt bnssnlyn derbuntnl phsgtgc mnl iuogt   ynla tersusul mnrg eoeitrhl mnl deraerni belaeogoglag nthb. Bhmeo nthb glg seknonl melanl anansnl ubub ynla deroniu snnt gtu, mgbnln nthb mgserupninl melanl mel anl bglgntu bglgnturr sgsteb sgsteb tnt tntnn suryn suryn mgbnln mgbnln eoeitr eoeitrhl hl sednang sednang ponlet ponlet mnl runla runla ih ihsh shla la mg mn mnon onb b nthb nthb fn fnru russ se sedn dnlm lmgl gla a me mela lanl nl de desnr snrly lynn ru runl nla a ih ihsh shla la mg nlainsn. suntu gltg ynla dernt ntnu bntnfnrg dernmn mg pusnt melanl ponlet-ponlet eoeitrh eoei trhl l ynla ynla oedgf oedgf rglanl rglanl derput derputnr nr belaeo belaeogogl goglagl aglyn. yn. Tutfer Tutferchr chrm m kuan kuan mnpnt mnpnt bebperigrninl uiurnl gltg nthb yngtu iurnla oedgf >:->0 `b mnl uiurnl nthb iu iurnl rnla a oedg oedgf f >: >:-6 -6 `b. `b. Mnon Mnonb b tehr tehrgg po ponl nlet et eo eoei eitr trhl hl gl glg, g, pr prei eihl hlsep sepsg sg yn ynla la mgtnlnbinl mnonb pgigrnl nmnonf cgsgin Lewthlgnl. Inrelnlyn pelkeonsnl ntns cnitn-cnitn melanl bhmeo nthb glg mgoniuinl melanl pelmeintnl cgsgin ionsgi   Lewthlgnl puon. (Mnbpger, >760 9 Ieelnl Ieelnl , >76:) Besigp Bes igpul ul mebgig mebgignl nl bhmeo bhmeo nthb nthb Tutfer Tutferchr chrm m bebpul bebpulyng yng ieoebn ieoebnfnl fnl,, mgnltnrnlyn tgmni bnbpu ultui belernlainl belanpn eoeitrhl tgmni knuf ie gltg nthb nigdnt anyn tnrgi eoeitrhstntgs gltg terfnmnp eoeitrhl. Dermnsnrinl sntu nzns cgsgin ionsgi, eoeitrhl sednang pnrtgieo derbuntnl dgon belagtnrg gltg ynla buntnllyn buntnl lyn deronwnlnl, deronwnlnl, ogltnsnllyn ogltnsnllyn ninl derdeltui derdeltui spgrno sefglaan sefglaan nifgrlyn nifgrlyn

>5

 

 knuf ie gltg. Dermnsnrinl urngnl mg ntns bnin keons terogfnt dedernpn ieoebnfnl mnrg tehrg Tutferchrm tersedut, mgnltnrnlyn; n. ]gmni mnpnt mnpnt belernlai belernlainl nl struitur struitur nthb ynla ynla stndgo, stndgo,  d. ]gmni mnpnt belernlainl spe`trub nthb, mnl `. Inreln bebnl`nr bebnl`nr elerag, elerag, knrg-knrg knrg-knrg eoeitrhl eoeitrhl ninl belae`go belae`go mnl nifgrlyn nifgrlyn ninl  dersntu melanl gltg, semnlainl ielyntnnllyn ielyntnnllyn tgmni. =. Lgeos Dh Dhfr  Znmnn tnful Znm tnful >7>0 >7>0 Lgeos Lgeos Dhfr Dhfr bel`hd bel`hdnn belkeo belkeonsi nsinl nl bhmeo bhmeo nthb nthb Dhfr  Dhfr  beonou beo nougg ihlsep ihlsep eoeitrh eoeitrhl l ynla ynla belagi belagiutg utg hrdgt hrdgt belaeo belaeogog goglag lag gltg gltg nthb nthb ynla ynla belanlmul belan lmula a prhthl prhthl mnl leutrhl. leutrhl. Belurut Dhfr, fnlyn fnlyn termnpnt termnpnt hrdgt mnonb  kubonf terteltu, mnl perdemnnl nltnr hrdgt sntu melanl ynla ongl nmnonf knrni  hrdgt hrd gt mnrg mnrg gltg gltg nthb. nthb. Iedernm Iedernmnnl nnl eoeitr eoeitrhl hl dngi dngi mg hrdgt hrdgt ynla ynla relmnf relmnf bnupul bnupul ynlatg ynl atglaa laagg sepeluf sepeluflyn lyn teranl teranltul tula a hoef hoef tglain tglaintnl tnl elerag elerag eoeitr eoeitrhl. hl. Pefgla Pefglaan an eoeitrhl mg hrdgt ynla relmnf ninl bebgogig elerag ynlaoedgf ie`go mnrgpnmn eoei eoeitr trhl hl mg hr hrdg dgtt yn ynla la oedg oedgf f tgla tglaag ag.. Dhfr Dhfr bela belafu fudu dula lain inl l eo eoei eitr trhl hl yn ynla la belahr bel ahrdgt dgt mnl pelanb pelanbntn ntnl l terfnmn terfnmnp p speitr speitrub ub ans beonou beonougg sedunf sedunf pebgig pebgigrnl rnl  dnfwn sekubonfelerag ynla mginlmula mnonb eoeitrhl mnpnt derudnf, mnl inreln gtu eoeitrh eoeitrhl l mnpnt mnpnt belaud belaudnf nf hrdgtl hrdgtlyn yn teranlt teranltula ula mnrg mnrg perudn perudnfnl fnl elerag eleraglyn lyn.. Mnonb sgtunsg pebningnl nrus ogstrgi beoewntg ans derteinlnl relmnf, eoeitrhl belknmg me-eisgtnsg me-eisgtnsg mnl  mnl derpglmnf ie hrdgt ynla oedgf relmnf. Mnonb perudnfnl glg,, eoeitr glg eoeitrhl hl iefgon iefgonlan lanl l sekubo sekubonf nf elerag elerag ynla ynla berupn berupninl inl perdem perdemnnl nnl tglain tglaintt eleragiemun hrdgt. Elerag ynla mgpnl`nrinl glg mnpnt mgogfnt mnonb deltui sedunf  pfhthl `nfnyn ynla pnlknla aeohbdnlalyn dermnsnr pnmn perdemnnl tglaint elerag iemun hrdgt. Pe`nrn rglains, Dhfr belaebuininl; n. Eoeitrhl Eoeitrhl mnonb nthb deraerni deraerni belaeogogl belaeogoglag ag gltg pnmn ogltnsnl-ogltnsn ogltnsnl-ogltnsnl l terteltu, terteltu, tgmni bebnl`nrinl elerag. Ogltnsnl-ogltnsnl eoeitrhl gtu mgsedut iuogt ntnu tglaint elerag eoeitrhl.  d. Eoeitrhl mnpnt derpglmnf mnrg sntu ogltnsnl ie ogltnsnl ynla ongl. `. Zerpglmnfn Zerpglmnfnl l eoeitrhl mnrg mnrg tglaint elerag elerag tglaag ie relmnf mgsertng mgsertng pebnl`nrnl pebnl`nrnl elerag ele rag.. Pemnla Pemnla perpgl perpglmnf mnfnl nl eoeitr eoeitrhl hl mnrg mnrg tglai tglaint nt elerag elerag relmnf relmnf ie tglaag tglaag mgsertng pelyernpnl elerag. m. Eoei Eoeitr trhl hl yn ynla la de dera raer erni ni pn pnmn mn oglt ogltnsn nsnll llyn yn de dern rnmn mn pn pnmn mn ie ienm nmnnl nnl stnsgh stnsghle ler, r, nrtglyn eoeitrhl tgmni bebnl`nrinl ntnu belyernp elerag. Qnonupul bhmeo >3

 

nthb nthb Dhfr Dhfr `uiu `uiup p ultu ultui i bebh bebhme meoi oinl nl sp spei eitr trub ub fg fgmr mrha hael el,, bhme bhmeoo gl glgg terdui ter duitgt tgtgmn gmni i `uiup `uiup ultui ultui bebpre bebpremgi mgisgi sginl nl speitr speitrub ub eoebel eoebel ynla ynla oedgf oedgf ihbpoeis. (Bg`feo Zurdn, >777) Iean Ie anan anon onl l

bhmeo hmeo

nth nthb

Tutf utfer erch chrm rm

nm nmno nonf nf

ie ietg tgmn mni ibnb bnbpun unll lly yn

belernlainl belanpn eoeitrhl mnpnt derputnr mgseieogogla gltg tnlpn tnlpn mgtnrgi hoef gltgg sefgla glt sefglaan an derand derandula ula.. Dnru Dnru pnmn pnmn tnful tnful >7>0 >7>0 Lgeos Lgeos Dhfr Dhfr belyus belyusul ul tehrg tehrg  dermnsnrinl nthb Tutferchrm mnl tehrg iunltub, yngtu; n. Nt Nthb hb term termgr grgg mn mnrg rg gl gltg tg yn ynla la de derb rbun untn tnl l ph phsgt sgtgc gc mn mnl l mg mgsei seigt gtnrl nrlyn yn de dere remn mnr  r  eoeitrhl-eoeitrhl ynla derbuntnl leantgc.  d. Mnonb nthb, eoeitrhl deremnr belaeogoglag gltg nthb n thb pnmn hrdgt terteltu ynla mgielno sednang ienmnnl aerninl ynla stnsghler ynla seonlkutlyn mgsedut melanl tglaint elerag utnbn ntnu dgonlanl iunltub ntnu iuogt (l). `. Pepnlk Pepnlknla nla eoeitrhl eoeitrhl dernmn dernmn mnonb mnonb ogltns ogltnsnl nl stnsghl stnsghler er elerag elerag ninl ninl ihlstn ihlstnl, l, sefglaan tgmni nmn `nfnyn ynla mgpnl`nrinl. m. Eoeitrhl Eoeitrhl fnlyn mnpnt mnpnt derpglmnf derpglmnf mnrg ogltnsnl stnsghler stnsghler ynla oedgf relmnf relmnf ie yn ynla la oedgf oedgf tgla tglaag ag kgin kgin bely belyer ernp np el eler erag ag.. Mnl Mnl sedno sednogi gily lyn, n, kgin kgin eo eoei eitr trhl hl  derpglmnf mnrg ogltnsnl stnsghler ynla tglaag ie ynla relmnf terknmg  pebdednsnl elerag. Eoeitrhl-eoeitrhl tersedut deraerni belaeogoglag gltg ynla terdnag ntns  dedernpn iuogt, sepertg terogfnt pnmn tndeo mg dnwnf glg; ]ndeo 4.4 Lhbhr iuogt mnl lnbn iuogt ogltnsnl eoeitrhl (]nbrgl, 4::>;033) Lhbhr Iuogt

Lnbn Iuogt

Pud Iuogt

>

I 

4 0

O B

4s mnl 4p 0s 0p mnl 0m

=

 L

=s =p =m mnl =c 

5

H

 5s 5p 5m mnl 5c

3

Z

3s 3p mnl 3m

1

^

1s

>s

 Lhbhr iuogt mnl lnbn iuogt mnrg suntu nthb sergla mgsedut melanl  dgonlanl iunltub, tgnp-tgnp iuogt mgdnag mnonb sud iuogt sepertg ynla terogfnt  pnmn tndeo mg ntns. Bnsgla-bnsgla iuogt mnpnt bebpulyng eoeitrhl bnisgbub sedesnr 4l4, mgbnln l nmnonf dgonlanl iunltub, tetnpg fnrus mgmnsnrg pnmn nzns >1

 

Znuog. Nzns Znuog belantnin belantninl l dnfwn tgmni bulaigl bulaigl nmn nmn mun eoeitrhl ynla ynla bebgogig ogltnsnl-ogltnsnl melanl dgonlanl-dgonlanl iunltub ynla tetnp snbn. Dnlynilyn eoeitrhl ynla mgperielnlinl mnrg bnsgla-bnsgla sud nmnonf; ultui  s24 eoeitrh eoeitrhl, l, p23 eoeitrh eoeitrhl, l, ultui ultui m2>: m2>: eoeitr eoeitrhl hl mnl c2>= c2>= eoeitr eoeitrhl. hl. Lnbul Lnbul wnonupul mebgignl tehrg Lgeos Dhfr kuan bnsgf bebgogig dnlyni ieoebnfnl, yngtu; Dhfr fnlyn mnpnt belernlainl spe`trub mnrg nthb ynla belanlmula sntu eoeitrhl mnl tgmni sesung melanl spe`trub nthb dereoeitrhl dnlyni. Peongl gtu mgn tgmni bnbpu puon belernlainl nthb mnpnt bebdeltui bhoeiuo beonoug gintnl igbgn. (Bg`feo Zurdn, >777) 5. Nthb Bhmerl ]ehrg bhmeo nthb bhmerl nmnonf pelyebpurlnnl mnrg ieoebnfnl tehrgtehrg sedeoublyn ynla oedgf dgsn mgtergbn beonoug ukg `hdn mnl eispergbel ynla mnpnt mgpertnlaaula knwndinl. Lnbul glspgrnsg berein dermnsnrinl pebgigrnl pebgigrnl gobunl termnfuou. Ieoebnfnl tehrg nthb Mebh`rgtus ynla Mebh`rgtus  ynla belknmg mnsn mnsnrr pelye elyeb bpu purl rlnn nnl l tehr tehrgg nthb nthb Mnot Mnoth hl. ]er eroe oep pns mnr nrgg ieoedg ieoedgfnl fnl mnl ieiurn iei urnlan lanl l bhmeo bhmeo nthb nthb Mnothl Mnothl   tersedu tersedut. t. Qnonup Qnonupul ul mebgig mebgignl nl Mnothl Mnothl tet tetnp np  peohphr glspgrnsg ter`gptnlyn tehrg nthb bmerl ynla iebumgnl mgsebpurlninl gobunl seonlkutlyn. (Oglmgn, 4:>1) 4:>1) ]ehrg glg mgpeohphrg mgpeohphrg hoef tgan hrnla gobunl yngtu ;

n. Ohugse me Drhaoge (>740)melanl pelebunllyn eoetrhl dersgcnt aeohbdnla mnl pnrtgieo

d. Erwgl P`rhmglaer (>743) melanl persnbnnl aeohbdnla eoe`trhl mnonb nthb ynla nifgrlyn mgielno melanl bhmeo beinlgin iunltub

`. Qerler Fegseldera (>741) melanl nsns ietgmnipnstgnl yngtu tgmni bulaigl mnpnt belebuinl iemumuinl mnl bhbeltub delmn pnmn snnt dersnbnnl, ynla bulaigl mgteltuinl yngtu iebulaiglnl belebuinl eoeitrh pnmn knrni  terteltu mg gltg nthb. Melanl Mel anl bebnmu bebnmuinl inl nsns ietgmn ietgmnipn ipnstgn stgnl l mnrg mnrg Qerler Qerler Fegsel Fegselder dera a mnl beinlgin aeohbdnla mnrg Ohugse me Drhaoge, Erwgl P`rhmglaer berubusinl ihlsep hrdgtno sednang runla tebpnt peounla eoeitrhl mnpnt mg tebuinl. ]ehrg glg mgtnbdnfinl mgtnbdnfinl kuan hoef Znuo Mgrn`, Bnx Dhrl, mnl Znuog. Ieulaauonl tehrg nthb nthb bein beinlg lgin in iu iunl nltu tub b mn mnpn pntt belk belkeon eonsi sinl nl bnte bnterg rg de ders rsin inon on ie ie`g `goo sepert sepertgg

>6

 

eoeitrhl mnonb nthb sefglaan pelyusulnl (iedernmnnl) eoeitrhl mnonb nthb mnpnt mganbdnrinl beonoug peluogsnl ihlcgaurnsg eoeitrhl mnl mgnarnb hrdgtno. ]ehrg ]eh rg bhmeo bhmeo nthb nthb bhmerl bhmerl bebdnl bebdnltnf tnf dnfwn dnfwn nthb nthb tgmni tgmni mnpnt mnpnt mgdnag mgdnag onag onag melanl mel anl mgtebu mgtebuinl inllyn lyn dnagnl dnagnl ‐dnagn ‐dnagnl l nthb nthb mg mnonbn mnonbnlyn lyn.. (Oglmg (Oglmgn, n, 4:>1) 4:>1) Ihlsep tehrg nthb bhmerl glg nmnonf ; n. Nthb Nthb termgr termgrgg mnrg mnrg gltg gltg nthb nthb ynla ynla belanl belanlmul mula a prhthl prhthl (buntnl (buntnl phsgtgc) phsgtgc) mnl leutrhl mnl eoeitrhl-eoeitrhl belaeogoglag gltg nthb Aernin Aer ninl l eoeitrh eoeitrhl l ‐ eoeitr eoeitrhl hl ynla ynla belaeo belaeogog goglag lag gltg gltg nthb nthb tersedu tersedutt  dernmn pnmn hrdgtno terteltu bebdeltui iuogt nthb melanl ihlsep hrdgtno mgpelanrufg hoef sgcnt munogsbe yngtu sednang pnrtgieo mnl aeohbdnla. hrdgtno nmnonf mnernf iedhoefknm iedhoefknmgnl gnl terdesnr terdesnr mgtebuinl mgtebuinllyn lyn eoeitrhl eoeitrhl mnonb nthb. Zersnbnnl Zersnb nnl ynla belyntninl belyntninl aerninl aerninl eoeitrhl eoeitrhl mnonb belaeogoglag belaeogoglag gltg nthb mgfudula mgfu dulainl inl melanl melanl sgcnt munogsbe munogsbe bnterg ynla mgulainpin mgulainpinl l mnonb deltui  ihhrmglnt @nrtesgus. Zersnbnnl glg mgielno sednang persnbnnl P`frhmglaer .  d. Iemumuinl eoeitrhl pnmn hrdgtno mglyntninl mglyntninl melanl dgonlanl iunltub Mnrg persnbnnl persnbnnl P`frhmglae P`frhmglaerr glg mgfnsgoinl mgfnsgoinl tgan dgonlanl dgonlanl iunltub, iunltub, yn yngt gtu u dgon dgonla lanl nl iu iunl nltu tub b utnb utnbnn (l (l), ), dg dgonl onlan anl l iu iunl nltu tub b nzgbu nzgbutt (ℐ), (ℐ), mn mnl l  dgonlanl iunltub bnaletg` (b). Ietgan dgonlanl iunltub glg berupninl  dgonlanl duont semerfnln ynla belulkuiinl peounla nmnlyn eoeitrhl mg seieogogla gltg nthb. Zelyeoesngnl persnbnnl P`frhmglaer belafnsgoinl tgan  dgonlanl iunltub. Zersnbnnl P`frhmglaer belurulinl ihlsep hrdgtno sefgla sef glaan an termnpn termnpntt fudula fudulanl nl nltnrn nltnrn hrdgtn hrdgtnoo mnl ietgan ietgan dgonla dgonlanl nl iunltu iunltub b tersedut. Dgonlanl Iunltub Utnbn (l) ;  berupninl culasg knrni ynla mgfgtula mnrg gltg nthb (sednang tgtgi lho) melanl lgong l 2 >, 4, 0, …, l. Pebnigl desnr  lgong l, sebnigl knuf knrnilyn mnrg gltg. Petgnp tglaint elerag termnpnt sntu ntnu ntn u oedgf oedgf deltui deltui hrdgtn hrdgtnoo ynla ynla bebdel bebdeltui tui iuogt iuogt ( sfeoo ). ). Iuogt berupninl iubpuonl hrdgtno mnonb dgonlanl iunltub utnbn ynla snbn. Iuogt-iuogt glg mgde mgderg rg onbd onbdnl nla a buon buongg mn mnrg rg I, O, B, L, …, mn mnl l seter seterus usly lyn. n. Fudu Fudula lanl nl  dgonlanl iunltub utnbn melanl onbdnla iuogt sednang dergiut. Kubonf hrdgtno mnonb setgnp iuogt snbn melanl l 4, l nmnonf dgonlanl iunltub utnbn. Dg Dgon onla lanl nl Iunl Iunltu tub b Nzgb Nzgbut ut (ℐ); (ℐ);  mg mgsed sedut ut ku kuan an me mela lanl nl iu iunl nltu tub b bhbeltub sumut ynla beleltuinl deltui hrdgtno. Lgong dgonlanl iunltub nzgbut nmnonf ℐ 2 l‐>. Hoef inreln lgong l berupninl dgonlanl duont mnl >7

 

terie`go snbn melanl sntu bnin fnran ℐ kuan berupninl meret dgonlanl duont :, >, 4, …, (l‐>). Mg mnonb iuogt termnpnt runla-runla melanl deltui terteltu. Deltui glg mglnbninl sudiuogt. Mg mnonb sudiuogt termnpnt tebpnt eoeitrhl  dernmn. ]ebpnt glg mglnbninl hrdgtno. Dgonla Dgo nlanl nl Iunltu Iunltub b Bnalet Bnaletgi gi (b); (b); mgsedu mgsedutt kuan kuan dgonla dgonlanl nl iunltu iunltub b hrgeltnsg inreln belulkuinl nrnf hrdgtno mnonb runla sudiuogt mnonb iuogt.  Lgong dgonlanl iunltub bnaletgi derupn meret dgonlanl duont mnrg ‐b beonoug lho snbpng +b. Ultui ℐ >, lgong b 2 :, ¾ o. Knmg, lgong dgonlanl iunltub bnaletgi ultui ℐ 2 > nmnonf ‐o beonoug : snbpng + o. Dgonlanl Iunltub Ppgl (s); mgtebuinl mnrg fnsgo pelanbntnl rnmgnsg unp perni ynla mgoewntinl beonoug bemnl bnalet, hoef Htth Pterl mnl Q. Aero Ae ron` n`f. f. ]erm ]ermnp npnt ntmu munn

bn`n bn`nb b

spgl spgl eo eoei eitr trhl hl ynla ynla de dero ronw nwnl nlnl nl

ku kuan an

belgnmninl mnl spgl ynla tgmni belgnmninl. Pefglaan eoeitrhl bebgogig bemnl bnalet. Dgonlanl iunltub glg bebgogig mun fnran ynla deronwnlnl tnlmn, yngtu +>/4 mnl ‐ >/4. ]nlmn (+) belulkuiinl putnrnl senrnf knrub  knb mnl tnlmn tn lmn (‐) nrnf n rnf sednogilyn (perfntginl Anbdnr 1). Nmnpul fnran >/4, belyntninl crnisg eoeitrhl. `. Ihlcgaurnsg Ihlcgaurnsg Eoeitrhl Eoeitrhl Nthb Zhogeoeitrh Zhogeoeitrhl l belaaulninl belaaulninl tglaint tglaint elerag hrdgtno mnl mgstrgdusg eoeitrhl Ieoebn Ieo ebnfnl fnl mnrg mnrg persnb persnbnnl nnl P`frhm P`frhmgla glaer er fnlyn fnlyn mnpnt mnpnt mgternp mgternpinl inl se`nrn eisni ultui ultui nthb dereoeitrhl dereoeitrhl tulaano tulaano sepertg fgmrhael, fgmrhael, semnlainl semnlainl  pnmn nthb dereoeitrhl dnlyni tgmni mnpnt mgseoesnginl. Pefglaan ultui nthb  deroeitrhl dnlyni mgaulninl bethme pelmeintnl dermnsnrinl fnsgo peleogtgnl mnl tehrg pnrn nfog. ]glain ]gl aintt Elerag Elerag Hrdgtn Hrdgtno; o; Nthb Nthb phogei phogeitrh trhl l bebgogi bebgogigg hrdgtno hrdgtno-hr -hrdgt dgtno no melanl lgong dgonlanl iunltub utnbn snbn bebgogig tglaint elerag ynla semgigt derdemn. Bgsnolyn, hrdgtno 4s mnl 4p bebgogig tglaint elerag derdemn, yngtu elerag hrdgtno 4p oedgf tglaag. Mgstrgdusg Eoeitrhl mnonb Nthb; Iuogt termgrg ntns sudiuogt ynla dergsg hrdgtno-hrdgtno melanl dgonlanl iunltub utnbn ynla snbn. Kubonf hrdgtno mnonb mno nb setgnp setgnp iuogt iuogt mglynt mglyntnin ninl l melanl melanl rubus rubus l4  mnl kubonf kubonf bnisgb bnisgbub ub eoeitrhl ynla mnpnt belebpntg setgnp iuogt mglyntninl melanl rubus 4l4.

4:

 

Znmnn prglsg Znm prglsgply plynn beinlg beinlgin in aeohbd aeohbdnla nla belern belernlai lainl nl bhmeo bhmeo nthb nthb nmnonf sednang dergiut dergiut glg ; Eoeitr itrhl hl tgmni tgmni bulaig bulaigl l bebpul bebpulyng yng iemumu iemumuinl inl ynla ynla pnstg pnstg mg mnonb mnonb n. Eoe belaeo bel aeogog goglag lag gltg gltg nthb, nthb, ynla ynla bulaig bulaigl l dgsn dgsn mgtelt mgteltuin uinl l mnl mgfgtu mgfgtula la fnlyno fnl ynonf nf iedhoe iedhoefkn fknmgnl mgnl belebu belebuinl inl eoeitrh eoeitrhl l mg mnonb mnonb suntu suntu mnernf mnernf terteltu mg mnonb nthb. Mnernf runla mg bnln mnpnt mgtebuinl eoeitrhl mgsedut hrdgtno. Glg mgsedut kuan Zrglsgp ietgmnipnstgnl Fegseldera. Aerni rninl nl ae aeoh ohbd bdnl nla a mn mnrg rg eoei eoeitr trhl hl mg mn mnonb onb nt nthb hb beru berupn pnin inl l ae aern rni  i   d. Ae fnrbhl fnr bhlgs, gs, mg bnln bnln setgnp setgnp hrdgt hrdgt eoeitr eoeitrhl hl berupn berupninl inl ieogpn ieogpntnl tnl dgonla dgonlanl nl  duont terfnmnp pnlknla aeohbdnla (sepertg ynla mglyntninl mglyntninl me Drhaoge). Eoeitrh trhl l fn fnly lynn bele belebp bpnt ntgg hr hrdg dgtt yn ynla la fn fnrb rbhl hlgs gs snkn snkn mn mnl l tgmn tgmni i dg dgsn sn `. Eoei belebpntg hrdgt ynla tgmni fnrbhlgs. Dgon eoeitrhl belmnpnt tnbdnfnl elerag ele rag mnrg mnrg ounr, ounr, bnin bnin pnlknl pnlknla a aeohbd aeohbdnla nla eoeitr eoeitrhl hl derudn derudnf f mnl hrdgt hrdgt sebuo seb uonn belk belknm nmgg tgmn tgmni i fn fnrb rbhl hlgs gs on onag ag.. Hoef Hoef in inre reln ln gtu gtu eoeit eoeitrh rhl l fn fnru russ beohbpnt ie hrdgt dnru ynla berupninl ieogpntnl pnlknla aeohbdnla  dnru. m. Melanl persnbnnl P`frhmglaer fnlyn mnpnt mgteltuinl desnrlyn mnernf

iedhoefknm iedho efknmgnl gnl beleltuinl beleltuinl eoeitrhl mg tebpnt-tebp tebpnt-tebpnt nt terteltu terteltu mg mnonb nthb, nth b, yngtu yngtu ynla ynla mgsedu mgsedutt melanl melanl hrdgtn hrdgtno. o. Mnrg Mnrg persnb persnbnnl nnl P`frhm P`frhmgla glaer  er  mgietnf mgi etnfug ug mnonb mnonb sud-iu sud-iuogt ogt (sud-t (sud-tgla glaint int elerag elerag)) s bebpul bebpulyng yng > hrdgtn hrdgtnoo  derdeltui dhon, sud-iuogt p bebpulyng 0 hrdgtno melanl deltui dnohl terpgogl melanl tgan snogd subdu, sud-iuogt m bebpulyng 5 hrdgtno mnl sudiuog iuogtt c mela melanl nl 1 hr hrdg dgtn tno. o. Pe Petg tgnp np hr hrdg dgtn tnoo bnsg bnsgla la-b -bns nsgl gla a mg mgte tebp bpnt ntgg bnisgbub 4 dunf eoeitrhl melanl nrnf spgl ynla deronwnlnl.   (Ieelnl, >76: 9 B`,Nvhy, >773 9 Mnbpger, >760) Znmnn tnful Znm tnful >7:5, >7:5, Nodert Nodert Eglste Eglstegl gl derfns derfnsgo go belkeon belkeonsin sinl l ecei ecei chth chth ogstrgi melanl mgmnsnrg hoef pelmnpnt Zonl`i ogbn tnful sedeoub sedeoublyn lyn melanl bebphstuontinl dnfwn `nfnyn ntnu oedgf ifususlyn rnmgnsg eoeitrhbnaeletgi  mnpnt mnp nt mgdnag mgdnag mnonb mnonb pniet-p pniet-pnie niett tertel terteltu tu ynla ynla mgsedu mgsedutt iunltn iunltn mnl dernmn dernmn mnonb runla. Elerag derfnsgo belkeonsinl dnfwn ultui bebdunt eoeitrhl terpnl`nr mnrg perbuinnl ohanb mgperouinl `nfnyn ynla belubdui. @nfnyn tersedu ter sedutt fnrus fnrus bebgog bebgogig ig creiuel creiuelsg sg beoedg beoedgf f creiue creiuelsg lsg nbdnla nbdnla mnrg mnrg ohanb ohanb tersedut. Ecei chth ogstrgi glg tgmni deranltula pnmn gltelsgtns `nfnyn ynla mgtebdniin mgteb dniinl l sepertg sepertg pnlmnlanl pnlmnlanl beinlgin ionsgi tetnpg fnlyn fnlyn deranltula deranltula 4>

 

 pnmn creiuelsglyn snkn. Qnonupul `nfnyn oebnf mgtebdniinl tetnpg bebgogig crei creiue uels lsgg yn ynla la beoe beoedg dgfg fg creiu creiuel elsg sg nbdn nbdnla la terly terlynt ntnn nm nmnn eo eoei eitr trhl hl yn ynla la mgpnl`nrinl. Zerlyntnnl Eglstegl dnfwn `nfnyn ternmgnsginl mnonb deltui pniet pniet elerag ynla iebumgnl mgsedut iunltn mglyntninl mnonb kurlno iunltub ynla nla derk derkum umuo uo "H "Hl l n fe feur urgs gstg tg`` vgewp vgewphg hglt lt `h `hl` l`er erlg lgla la tf tfee ebgs ebgssgh sghl l nl nlm  m  trnlschrbnt trnlsc hrbntghl ghl hc ogaft" ogaft"  pnmn duonl Bnret >7:5. Zerlyntnnl Zer lyntnnl tersedut mgsedutsedut sednang perlyntnnl ynla pnogla revhousghler ynla mgtuogs hoef cgsginwnl  pnmn ndnm ie-4:. Znie Zniet-p t-pni niet et el elera eragg yn ynla la pn pnmn mn bnsn bnsn gtu gtu mg mgsed sedut ut me mela lanl nl iu iunl nltn tn iebumgnl iebu mgnl mgsedut hoef chthl, sedunf gstgonf gstgonf ynla mgiebuininl mgiebuininl hoef Agodert Agodert & Oewgs pnmn tnful >743. Gme dnfwn tgnp chthl fnrus termgrg mnrg elerag mnonb mno nb deltui deltui iunltn iunltn berupn berupninl inl sedunf sedunf iebnku iebnkunl. nl. Fno tersed tersedut ut melanl melanl eceitgc berudnf pnrnmgabn gobuwnl cgsgin pnmn snnt gtu ynla sedeoublyn belkeonsinl tehrg aeohbdnla. Gme tersedut teonf bnbpu belkeonsinl dnlyni  aeknon cgsgin pnmn wnitu gtu. Dgonn ienmnn Dgo ienmnnl l nwno sedunf sedunf pnrtgi pnrtgieo eo mnonb mnonb suntu suntu oglaiu oglaiulan lanl l ionsgi  ionsgi  (tgmni reontgvgstgi mnl tgmni iunltub) mgietnfug, bnin melanl belaaulninl fuiub fui ub Lewthl Lewthl,, pergon pergoniu iu seonlku seonlkutly tlynn mnpnt mnpnt mgrnbn mgrnbnoin oinl l melanl melanl iepnst iepnstgnl gnl butoni buton i dermnsnrinl dermnsnrinl fuiub Lewthl, Lewthl, onou pebe`nfnlly pebe`nfnllynn mgseoesnginl mgseoesnginl se`nrn bntebntgi. bntebn tgi. Mnonb insus cgsgin iunltub ]nireontgvgstgi, ]nireontgvgstgi, persnbnnl utnbn ynla fnrus mg pe`nfinl nmnonf suntu persnbnnl mgcerelsgno hrme mun, ynla mgieln mgi elnoo sednan sednangg Zersnb Zersnbnnl nnl P`frhm P`frhmgla glaer. er. Pepertg Pepertg fnolyn fnolyn melanl melanl fuiub fuiub  Lewthl, igtn kuan bel`nrg pebe`nfnllyn dnag suntu anyn terteltu. Derdemn mnrg fuiub Lewthl, pebe`nfnl persnbnnl P`frhmglaer, ynla mgsedut culasg aeohbdnla, bebderginl glchrbnsg teltnla pergoniu aeohbdnla mnrg pnrtgieo. Knmgg mnpnt Knm mnpnt igtn igtn giftgs giftgsnri nrinl, nl, dnfwn dnfwn mnonb mnonb insus insus beinlg beinlgin in ionsgi ionsgi,,  pershnonl ynla igtn fnmnpg mg`grginl hoef fnmgrlyn anyn terteltu C. melanl beluogsinl fuiub Lewthl dnag anyn tersedut, igtn pe`nfinl perbnsnonfnl bntebn bnt ebntgi tginly nlynn ultui ultui bebper bebperhoe hoef f iemumu iemumuinl inl mnl ie`epn ie`epntnl tnl pnrtgi pnrtgieol eolyn. yn. Mnonb insus eoeitrhbnalet, igtn derfnmnpnl melanl pershnonl ynla mg`grginl hoef seiubpuonl buntnl mnl nrus9 mgsglg igtn beluogsinl persnbnnl Bnxweoo mnl bebe`nfinl pershnonl bntebntgilyn ultui bebperhoef bemnl eoeitrgi  mnl bemnl bnalet. Mnonb insus cgsgin iunltub, pershnonllyn mg`grginl hoef 44

 

culasg phtelsgno terteltu9 igtn tglaano beluogsinl persnbnnl P`frhmglaer dnag  phtelsgno tersedut mnl bel`nrg pebe`nfnllyn. ]eltu snkn, mnonb bnsgla bnsgla insus glg, pebe`nfnllyn fnlyn deroniu dnag suntu ienmnnl (sgtunsg) terteltu tertel tu snkn9 ultui ultui sgtunsg ynla ongl, perou mg`nrg onag pebe`nfnl pebe`nfnl dnru dnag  persnbnnl ynla deringtnl melanl sgtunsg tersedut. @.

Ietering Iete ringtnl tnl EPM (Emu`ntghl chr Pustnglndoe Meveohpbelt)  Meveohpbelt)   pnmn Nthb melanl Elerag Luiogr

Nfog Nf og Zele Zeleog ogtg tg Ut Utnb nbnn mg Dnmn Dnmnl l ]eln ]elnan an Luio Luiogr gr Lnsgh Lnsghln lnoo (DN] (DN]NL NL)) nthb nthb berupninl dnagnl terie`go mnrg suntu bnterg ynla sumnf tgmni bebgogig sgcnt mnsnr  bnterg. bnt erg. Mgintn Mgintninl inl tgmni tgmni bebgog bebgogig ig sgcnt sgcnt mnsnr mnsnr bnterg bnterg inreln inreln sgcnt sgcnt mnrg mnrg nthb-nth nthb-nthb b  pelyusul bnterg gtu deronglnl melanl sgcnt bnterg gtu selmgrg. Petgnp nthb mganbdnrinl sednang dhon ynla termgrg pnrtgieo eoebelter yngtu iuogt nthb mg dnagnl ounr mnl gltg nthb mg telanf-telanflyn. Znmn dnagnl iuogt nthb termnpnt eoeitrhleoeitrhl derbuntnl ogstrgi leantgc ynla deraerni belaeogoglag gltg nthb. Znmn dnagnl gltg termnpnt prhthl mnl leutrhl. Zrhthl derbuntnl ogstrgi ogs trgi phsgtgc, semnla leutrhl tgmni   derbuntnl ogstrgi ntnu letrno. Znrtgieo-pnertgieo eoebelter glg bebgogig bnssn ynla snlant ie`go. Bnssn Bn ssn su sunt ntu u nthb nthb du duin inlo lonf nf beru berupn pnin inl l bnssn bnssn gl gltg tg yn ynla la te terog rogfn fntt ly lynt ntn, n, beonglinl bnssn nthb letrno. Bnssn suntu nthb kuan bel`niup bnssn eoeitrhl ynla  deraerni belaeogoglag gltg. Hoef inreln sntunl bnssn igoharnb teronou desnr ultui  uiurnl bnssn suntu nthb, se`nrn ihlvelsghlno mgtetnpinl suntu bnssn nthb >,33:= x >:-41 ia. Mnrg pelauiurnl terfnmnp bnssn suntu nthb, terlyntn tgmni sebun ulsur  bebgog beb gogig ig bnssn bnssn ynla ynla snbn, snbn, wnonup wnonupul ul kelgsl kelgslyn yn snbn. snbn. UlsurUlsur- ul ulsur sur glgonf glgonf ynla ynla mgsedu mgs edutt gshthp gshthp.. Pnonf Pnonf sntu `hlthf `hlthf gshthp gshthp ynla ynla pnogla pnogla semerf semerfnln nln nmnonf nmnonf fgmrha fgmrhael. el. Bnssn nthb fgmrhael nmnonf derturut-turut >,::1645 sbn9 4,:>=>:4 sbn, mnl 0,:>3:5 sbn ynla ynla se`rn se`rn deruru derurutnl tnl mgderg mgderg lnbn lnbn fgmrha fgmrhael, el, meuter meutergub gub,, mnl trgterg trgtergub. ub. Gltg Gltg trgtergub mgsedut trgthl, gltg meutetgub mgsedut meutrhl, semnlainl gshhp ynla pnogla rglanl mgsedut prhthl ynla bebgogig bnssn bnss n nthb >,::141335 sbn. Petgnp ulsur pnogla tgmni bebgogig sntu gshthp melan gltg ynla tgmni stndgo, ynla mnpnt belanonbg belanonbg peourufnl rnmghnitgc. rnmghnitgc. Fno glg mnpnt belanigdnt belanigdntinl inl renisg gltg trnlsbu trnl sbutnsg tnsg.. Tenisg Tenisg glg terknmg terknmg ietgin ietgin gltg gltg nthb nthb mgtebd mgtebdni ni ntnu ntnu mgtubd mgtubdui ui melanl melanl  pnrtgieo ynla bebgogig elerag tglaag. ]ubduinl nltnrn gltg nthb melanl pnrtgieo 40

 

 pelebdni ninl belanigdntinl terdeltuilyn gltg dnru ynla derdemn melanl gltg nsno. Nthb belanlmula kubonf elerag ynla snlant desnr mgsedut sednang elerag nthb. Tenisg gltg (renisg luiogr) terknmg se`nrn nonbg, renisg glg kuan bebderg telnan pnmn bntnfnrg. Znrn gobunl teonf bel`hdn bebnlcnntinl elerag luiogr, lnbul dnru derfnsgo bebperhoeflyn mnrg nthb terteltu sepertg urnlgub, pouthlgub mnl meutergub. Fnsgo  peleogtgnl belygbpuoinl sntu ia meuthrgub mnpnt belafnsgoinl elerag setnrn melanl tgan kutn ia dntudnrn. Nmn mun prhses mnsnr ultui beoepnsinl elerag luiogr yngtu; >.

Cgsg Cgsg luiog luiogr, r, y ynil nilgg ietgi ietginn lu luioe ioeus us nthb nthb terpgsnf terpgsnf

4.

Cusu Cusu luiog luiogr, r, ietgi ietginn luioeg luioeg mun mun nthb nthb ntnu ntnu oedgf oedgf dera derandu ndula la

Zeleogtgnl teltnla luiogr teonf belebpuf seknrnf ynla `uiup pnlknla melanl tukunl ultui belaetnfug rnfnsgn luiogr. Petgnp delmn ynla igtn melanr, rnsninl, `gub mnl ie`np tersusul mnrg pnrtgieo pnrtgieo bgirhsihpgs. Znrtgieo-pnrtgieo glg mgielno melanl lnbn nthb. Mgperouinl  kutnnl nthb ultui bebdeltui sedunf bhoeiuo. Pedunf nthb selmgrg bebgogig  pnrtgieo-pnrtgieo ynla oedgf ie`go onag. Mgtelanf nthb termgrg ntns prhthl mnl leutrhl. Zrhthl Zrhth l bebpulyng bebpulyng buntnl ogstrgi phsgtgc, sebeltnrn leutrhl tgmni bebgogig bebgogig buntnl. buntnl. Eoei Eoeitr trhl hl

de derp rput utns ns

se seie ieog ogogi ogila la

lu luio ioeu eus, s,

sepert sepertgg

pe peonl onlet et

bela belahr hrdg dgtt

bntn bntnfn fnrg rg,,

bebpulyng bebp ulyng buntnl leantgc. Eoeitrhl Eoeitrhl duinlonf dhonf ynla pnmnt eoeitrhl eoeitrhl nmnonf seiubpuonl elerag ynla deraerni se`epnt `nfnyn. Kubonf prhthl mnl leutrhl mnonl sedunf nthb seonou snbn. Pe`nrn lhrbno tgmni nmn ynla dgsn belebdus luioeus inreln mgieogoglag hoef eoeitrhl ynla belahrdgt. Lnbul mebgignl leutrhl melanl ie`epn ie` epntnl tnl tglaag tglaag mnpnt‒b mnpnt‒beln elndrn drnily ilyn‒ n‒ sefgla sefglaan an tersern tersernp p hoef hoef luioeu luioeus. s. Kgin Kgin tgmni  tgmni  stndgo,, luioeus stndgo luioeus gtu ninl terpe`nf mun. Glg ynla mgsedut mgsedut melanl melanl gstgonf cgsg luiogr. Mun ntnu ntnu tgan tgan le leut utrh rhl l yn ynla la mgfn mgfnsgo sgoin inl l mn mnpn pntt beln belndr drni ni oe oedg dgf f dn dnly lyni ni lu luio ioeg eg,, yn ynla la belyedndi bely edndinl nl terknmglyn terknmglyn renisg dernltng. dernltng. Pepertg Pepertg igtn ietnfug, termnpnt mun prhses mnsnr ultui beoepnsinl elerag luiogr, yngtu cgsg luiogr ietgin luioeus nthb terpgsnf mnl cusg luiogr, ietgin mun ntnu oedgf nthb derandula. Zrhses teroepnslyn elerag luiogr luio gr glg mgsedut melanl melanl gstgonf rnmgn rnmgnsg. sg. Znmn Zrglsgplyn Zrglsgplyn mgielno mgielno 0 bn`nb rnmgnsg, yngtu; >. Tnmgnsg Tnmgnsg sglnr sglnr Nopf Nopfnn ynla derb derbunt untnl nl phsgt phsgtgc gc (+) 4=

 

Znmn ubublyn mgpnl`nrinl hoef eoebel dernt, yngtu ulsur ynla lhbhr  bnssnlyn desnr, tetnpg telnan gintlyn relmnf. Znl`nrnl rnmgnsg sglnr Npfn pnmn ububly ubu blynn mgsert mgsertng ng pnl`nr pnl`nrnl nl sglnr sglnr Anbbn. Anbbn. Ulsur Ulsur ynla ynla bebnl` bebnl`nri nrinl nl rnmgnsg rnmgnsg Nopfn , lhbhr bnssnlyn ninl deriurnla = mnl lhbhr nthblyn deriurnla 4 sefglaan sglnr rnmgnsg Nopfn mgsnbninl melanl pebdeltuinl gltgfeogub ynla  derbuntnl +4 mnl bnsssnlyn =. @hlthf rnmgnsg sglnr Nopfn nmnonf peourufnl  pouthlgub (Zu). Tnmgnsg sglnr Nopfn glg mnyn tebdusyn snant relmnf. Fno glg mginrel mgi nrelnin ninl l sglnr sglnr Nopfn Nopfn derbns derbnssn sn = mnl derbun derbuntnl tnl ph phsgtg sgtgc, c, semnla semnla mg nonb nonb  dnlyni seinog eoeitrhl dedns ynla derbuntnl leantgc, sefglaan bumnf seinog mgfelt mgf eltgin ginl l hoef hoef eoeitrh eoeitrhl-eo l-eoeit eitrhl rhl tersedu tersedut. t. Aernil Aernilyn yn kuan kuan onbdnt onbdnt inreln inreln bnssnlyn = (oedgf dernt). Tnmgnsg sglnr Nopfn bebgogig knlainunl mg umnrn ynla snlant pelmei, seigtnr 4-0`b. Hoef sednd gtu ultui peroglmulanl mgrg (prhteisg rnmg rnmgns nsg) g) terf terfnm nmnp np rnmg rnmgns nsgg

sg sgln lnrr No Nopf pfnn

mn mnpn pntt mg mgfe felt ltgi ginl nl me mela lanl nl mg mgtu tutu tup p

belaaulninl sefeong iertns. 4. Tnmgnsg Tnmgnsg sglnr sglnr Detn Detn ynla ynla derbun derbuntnl tnl (-) (-) Tnmgnsg sglnr Detn mgdnag belknmg 4 yngtu, rnmgnsg sglnr Detn Bglus mnl rnmgnsg sglnr Detn Zous, ynla iemunlyn bebgogig sgcnt ynla derongnlnl. Zebningnl gstgonf bglus mnl pous nmnonf ultui belyntninl buntnl ogstrgi ynla mgdnwn hoef znrnf rnmgnsg sglnr Detn tersedut. Tnmgnsg sglnr Detn bglus, mgsnbninl sgcntlyn melanl pnl`nrnl derins eoeitrhl mnrg suntu nthb sefglaan sergla mglnbninl kuan sglnr rnmgnsg leantgc. Mgtglknu mnrg struitur nthblyn, rnmgnsg sglnr Detn bglus pnmn ububly ubu blynn mgsert mgsertng ng kuan kuan rnmgns rnmgnsgg sglnr sglnr Anbbn, Anbbn, ie`uno ie`unogg pfhsph pfhsphrr (Z04 mnl mnl Z00) berupninl berup ninl znt rnmghnitgc rnmghnitgc pebnl`nr rnmgnsg sglnr Detn burlg. burlg. Iedernmnnl Iedernmnnl rnmgnsg sglnr Detn Bglus mgnonb oedgf mhbglnl mnrg pnmn rnmgnsg sglnr Detn Zous, sefglaan  pelyedutnl sglnr rnmgnsg Detn tgmni ongl nmnonf rnmgnsg sglnr Detn Bglus. Melanl belaaulninl nont speitrhchthbeter mnpnt mgietnfug dnfwn znrnf rnmgnsg sglnr  Detn (dngi Detn Bglus bnupul Detn Zous) bebpulyng deltui speitrub elerag ynla ynl a sglnbd sglnbdula ula.pe .pergst rgstgwn gwn pnl`nrn pnl`nrnl l rnmgnsg rnmgnsg sglnr sglnr Detn Detn Bglus, Bglus, serupn serupn melanl melanl  pergstgwn perudnfnl leutrhl belknmg prhthl. @hlthf pnl`nrnl rnmgnsg sglnr Detn Bglus nmnonf ynla terknmg pnmn pergstgwn peourufnl Dnrgub >=: (Dn >=:). Znl`nrnl rnmgnsg sglnr burlg ( ynla tgmni mggiutg hoef pnl`nrnl rnmgnsg onglyn) terknmg pnmn  peourufnl (Z04 mnl Z00). [nrnf rnmgnsg sglnr Detn iefgonlanl iefgonlanl elerag igletgilyn inreln dnlyni seinog belanonbg tubduinl ynla belafnsgoinl ghlgsnsg  pnmn bemgub ynla mgonouglyn.fnsgo ghlgsnsg tgmni sednlyni fnsgo ghlgsnsg znrnf 45

 

rnmg rnmgns nsgg sg sgln lnrr Nopf Nopfn, n, in inrel relnn zn znrnf rnf rnmgn rnmgnsgs sgsgl glnr nr Detn Detn nl nlan antt ie ie`g `go. o. Pe Peon ongl gl gtu gtu buntnllyn fnlyn setelanf buntnl znrnf rnmgnsg sglnr Nopfn. Elerag znrnf rnmgnsg sglnr Detn mnpnt fgonla sepnlknla ogltnsnl ynla mgonouglyn. Tnmgnsg sglnr detn pous snbn melanl pnl`nrnl eoeitrhl phsgtgc ntnu phsgtrhl mnrg gltg nthb. Tenisg rnmgnsg sglnr Detn Zous terknmg pnmn gltg nthb ynla ieoedgfnl  prhthl. Znl`nrnl rnmgnsg phsgtrhl glg mnpnt terknmg dgon perdemnnl elerag nltnrn gltg sebuon mnl glt fnsgo perudnfnl renisg pnogla tgmni snbn melanl >,:4 BeS. Tenisg glg seonou seonou mggiut mggiutgg hoef hoef pergstg pergstgwn wn pelaan pelaandul dulanl anl nltnrn nltnrn pnrtgi pnrtgieo eo eoeitr eoeitrhl hl mnl  phsgtrhl. Zergstgwn glg terknmg inreln deagtu terdeltui znrnf rnmgnsg sglnr Detn Zous ninl nin l onlasu onlasula la derand derandula ula melanl melanl eoeitr eoeitrhl hl ynla ynla dnlyni dnlyniter termnp mnpnt nt mg nonb nonb glg. glg. Zergst Zer gstgwn gwn pelaan pelaandul dulanl anl ninl ninl belafn belafnsgo sgoinl inl pnl`nrn pnl`nrnl l rnmgns rnmgnsgg (chthl (chthl)) sglnr  sglnr  Anbbn Anb bn ynla ynla oebnf. oebnf. Tnmgnsg Tnmgnsg sglnr sglnr Detn Detn Zous Zous bgrgp bgrgp melanl melanl perudn perudnfnl fnl prhthl prhthl belknmg leutrhl, sefglaan lhbhr nthblyn ([) ninl deriurnla >. 0. Tnmgnsg Tnmgnsg sglnr sglnr Anbbn Anbbn ynla derbuntnl derbuntnl (:) (Nryn Qnrmfnln, Qnrmfnln, 4::3). 4::3). Tnmgnsg sglnr Anbbn, tgmni derbuntnl mnl tgmni derbnssn, sefglaan mnyn tebduslyn desnr dgon mgdnlmglainl melanl znrnf rnmgnsg sglnr Nopfn bnupul zn znrnf rnf rnmgns rnmgnsgg sg sgln lnrr Detn Detn.. Tnmg Tnmgnsg nsg sg sgln lnrr Anbb Anbbnn de derns rnsno no mn mnrg rg gl gltg tg nthb nthb yn ynla la rnmghnitgc glg ububyn nmnonf pebnl`nr znrnf rnmgnsg sglnr Nopfn. Dgon mgofnt mnrg struitur struit ur nthblyn, gltg ynla bebnl`nrinl bebnl`nrinl znrnf rnmgnsg rnmgnsg sglnr Detn mnl ntnu znrnf rmgnsg sglnr Nopfn, eleraglyn ninl deriurnla. Besig mebgignl, inonu gltg nthblyn bnsgf ieoedgfnl elerag yngtu oedgf desnr mnrg elerag terelmnf ultui bebnl`nrinl znrnf rnmgnsg sglnr Detn bnupul Nopfn, bnin ieoedgfnl pnmn gltg nthb glg ynla mgpning ultui bebnl`nrinl znrnf rnmgnsg sglnr Anbbn. Tnmgnsg sglnr Anbbn seongl dernsno mnrg gltg nthb ynla ieoedgfnl elerag, rnmgnsg sglnr Anbbn kuan mnpnt dernsno mnrg gltg nthb ynla mnonb ienmnnl tereisgtnsg. Ienmnnl glg nmnonf ienmnnl gltg nthb ynla teranlaau hoef rnlasnlanl mnrg ounr. Fno glg mnpnt terknmg  dgon gltg nthb mgtebdni melanl leutrhl. Gltg nthb ynla tereisgtnsg glg ninl iebdno ieb dnogg ieienm ieienmnnl nnl sebuon sebuon (sedeou (sedeoub b tereisg tereisgtnsg tnsg)) melanl melanl kno knonl nl belaeo belaeounr unrinl inl rnmgns rnm gnsgg sglnr sglnr Anbbn. Anbbn. @nrn @nrn glg mnpnt terknm terknmgg melanl melanl beoniuin beoniuinl l renisg renisg gltg gltg mg reni renith thrr nthb nthb ntnu ntnu mela melanl nl `nrn `nrn reni renisg sg gl gltg tg yn ynla la mg mgon oniu iuin inl l me mela lanl nl no nont nt bebper`epnt pnrtgieo (niseoernth (niseoernthr). r). Tenithr luiogr nmnonf suntu pgrnltg mgbnln prhses renisg igbgn deronlasula. Tenithr luiogr sergla mgsedut melanl renithr nthb yngtu tebpnt terknmglyn reisg gltg

43

 

ynla mnpnt belafnsgoinl rnmgnsg duntnl derupn ulsur rnmghnitgc. Dermnsnrinl ntns beinlgsbe renisglyn, mgielno mun bn`nb ynilg renisg cgsg mnl renisg cusg. Tenisg cgsg mgoniuinl mgmnonb suntu renithr luiogr melanl `nrn belebdnig snsnrnl, yngtu nthb ntnu ulsur ynla mnpnt bebdeonf (cgsg) belknmg nthb ynla oedgf ie`go (ynla berupninl fnsgo deonf) ynla dersgcnt rnmghnitgc rnmghnitgc melanl melanl leutrhl. Pe`nrn ubub renisg gltg mnpnt mgtuogsinl mnonb deltui persnbnnl sednang dergiut; V + l  V> + V4 + ( 4 ntnu 0 ) l + E Ieternlanl. V 2 gltg snsnrnl, nthb ntnu ulsur ynla mnpnt bebdeonf sefglaan sergla mgsedut melanl mel anl lnbn lnbn dnfnl dnfnl deonf deonf (cg (cgsg). sg). Mnrg fnsgo fnsgo renisg renisg gltg gltg tersed tersedut ut ninl ninl seonou seonou mgfnsgoinl elerag (E). l 2 leutrhl leutrhl pelebdni pelebdni ynla ynla sebuon sebuon fnlyn fnlyn >, lnbul lnbul seteonf seteonf renisg renisg gltg belknmg belknmg 4 ntnu 0 leutrhl dnru. Leutrhl ynla mgaulninl ultui blebdni snsnrnl nanr  terknmg terk nmg renisg cgsg nnonf nnonf leutrh leutrhl l ynla ynla bebgog bebgogig ig elerag elerag tf tfer erbn bno, o, yngtu seigtnr  :,:45 eS, mnl lutrhl fnsgo pebdeonfnl ynla kubonflyn nltnrn 4 fglaan 0 leutrhl ninl bebpulyng elerag tglaag, yngtu seigtnr 0 BeS. V> + V4 .. 2 remghluigmn (ulsur rnmghnitgc) dnru ynla berupninl fnsgo pebdeonfnl E 2 elerag fnsgo renisg cgsg. Belurut kubonf leutrhl ynla mgfnsgoinl pnmn renisg cgsg, mgielno 4 kelgs renisg cgsg, yngtu renisg cgsg terielmnog mnl renisg cgsg tni terielmnog. >.

Teni Tenisg sg cg cgsg sg teri teriel elm mnog; nog; re reni nisg sg cg cgsg sg yn ynl la ku kub bon onf f le leu utrh trhl fn fnsg sgoo re reni nisg sg cgsg cgsg terielmnoginl, sefglaan tetnp snbn melanl >, sepertg ienmnnl leutrhl sebuon. Znmn renisg terielmnog glg sedeoub mnl sesumnf renisg, kubonf leutrhl tetnp snbn melanl sntu. Fno glg mnpnt ter`npng melanl belyernp ieoedgfnl leutrhl. Tenisg cgsg terielmnog glg nmnonf renisg ynla terknmg mnonb renithr luiogr.

4.

Teni Tenisg sg cg cgsg sg tni tni teri teriel elmn mnog og;; re reni nisg sg cg cgsg sg yn ynla la kubonf kubonf le leut utrh rhl l seteo seteonf nf pe pebd bdeon eonfn fnl l tgmni tgm ni mgielm mgielmnog noginl inl.. Melanl Melanl mebgig mebgignl nl leutrh leutrhl l fnsgo fnsgo pebdeo pebdeonfn nfnl l mnpnt mnpnt kuan kuan belebdni snsnrnl ongl sefglaan ninl mgfnsgoinl oedgf dnlyni onag rnmghluiogmn  dnru, sepertg fnolyn ynla terknmg ter knmg pnmn dhb nthb. Nigdnt renisg cgsg tni terielmnog glg nmnonf terknmglyn renisg dernltng.

Tnmghlui Tnmghl uiogm ogmnn ynla ynla berup berupnin ninl l fnsgo fnsgo renisg renisg cgsg glg ynla ynla tni stndgo. stndgo. Ultui  belknmg belkn mg stndgo, gltg-gltg gltg-gltg tersedut tersedut ninl beouruf melanl bebnl`nrinl bebnl`nrinl rnmgnsg rnmgnsg sglnr  41

 

nopfn,detn mnl anbbn. Dedernpn dnfnl peltgla ynla mnpnt dereisg cgsg (dnfnl cgsgo) ynla termnpnt mg nonb mnl fnsgo renisg csglyn nmnonf sednang dergiut. Dnfnl cgsgo nonb

Dnfnl cgsgo duntnl (dnfnl cgsgo dnru)

Urnlgub 405 (74U405)

Urnlgub 400 (74U400)

406

407

Urnlgub 406 (74U )

Zouthlgub (74Zu )

Fnsgo cgsgo duntnl ntnu dnfnl cgsgo dnru; Urnlgub 400 ( 74U400) mgperhoef mnrg; ]f404 + :l>  7:]f400 + : ν :

7:

]f400  7>Zn400 + ->e:

7:

Zn400  74U400 + ->e:

7>

Pemnla dnfnl cgsgo dnru Zouthlgub 407 407 (7=Zu400) mgperhoef mnrg renisg gl dergiut; U400 + :l>  74U407 + : ν :

74

U407  70 Lp  Lp407 + ->e:

74

  Lp Lp407  7= Lp  Lp407 + ->e:

70

Iederf Ied erfnsgo nsgonl nl mnonb mnonb bebdun bebduntt fnsgo fnsgo cgsgo cgsgo dnru dnru sepertg sepertg `hlthf `hlthf renisg renisg mgntns mgntns bebderg glspgrnsg pnrn nfog luiogr pnmn pebgigrnl ultui bel`gptninl suntu renithr  luiogr dnru ynla mnpnt bebdunt cgsgo dnru ntnu dnfnl dninr dnru. Tenithr pebdgni glg ninl bebpulyng bebpulyng pernlnl pernlnl mnonb belafnsgoinl belafnsgoinl elerag auln belantnsg belantnsg iedutufnl iedutufnl elerag mulgn ynla terus belglaint. Pebeltnrn `nmnlanl subder mnyn nonb derupn elerag ele rag prgber prgber (elera (eleragg ihlvel ihlvelsgh sghlno lno,, bglyni bglyni dubg, dubg, dntudn dntudnrn, rn, mnl ans) ans) bulaig bulaigl l  deriurnla. @hlthf rnmghgshthp dnru ynla mgfnsgoinl hoef cgsgo, nmnonf peourufnl rnmghgshthp duntnl, yngtu

Zn4=>  belknmg belknmg

7=

4:7 7 Dg4: ynla stndgo, mnl peourufnllyn mnpnt

70

bebdeltui meret ynla mgielno sednang meret leptulgub ntnu meret (=l+>) sepertg tertuogs pnmn tndeo dergiut;

46

 

]ndeo 4.0. Meret leptulgub Luiogmn

Tnmgnsg

Qnitu pnruf(] >/4)

Zu4=>

Nopfn, Detn

>0 tnful

Nb4=>

Nopfn

=56 tnful

U

Detn

3,15 fnrg

  Lp Lp401

Nopfn

4,4: x >:3 tnful

Zn400

Detn

41 fnrg

U400

Nopfn

>,34 x >:5 tnful

]f447

Nopfn

1,0=: tnful

Tn445

Detn

>=,3 fnrg

N`405

Nopfn

>: fnrg

Cr 44>

Nopfn

=,6 belgt

Nt

Nopfn

:,:>6 metgi  

Dg4>0

Nopfn, Detn

1= metgi  

Zh4>0

Nopfn

=,4: x >:-= metgi 

]f4:7

Detn

4,4 belgt

Zd4:7

Detn

0,0 knb

Dg4:7

Ptndgo

-

7=

75

4401 74

7>

7>

74

7:

65

67

61

4>1 65 60

6=

6>

64

60

47

 

Piebn ierkn mnonb renisg cgsg nmnonf sednang dergiut;

Anbdnr 4.5. Piebn ierkn mnonb renisg cgsg

Wnla iemun renisg cusg, yngtu renisg pelaandulanl se`nrn pnisn nthb-nthb ie`go belknmg nthb-nthb ynla oedgf desnr. Ultui bebnisn terknmglyn pelaandulanl glg, bnin mgperouinl bhmeo nwno derupn pnlns ynla tglaag ynla mgaulninl ultui  bebg`u terknmglyn renisg cusg tersedut. Tenisg cusg ninl belafnsgoinl elerag (pnlns) ynla snlant tglaag, knuf oedgf tglaag mnrg pnmn pnlns ynla mgfnsgoinl renisg cgsg. Belaglant elerag (pnlns) ynla mgfnsgoinl reisg cusg snlant tglaag, bnin snonf sntu elerag noterlntgc ultui bnssn belmntnla nmnonf renisg cusg glg. Tenisg cusg, seknuf glg bnsgf mnonb tnrnc pelaebdnlanl oedgf onlkut, sntu mnl ongl fno derfudulanl melanl ieseonb iese onbntnl ntnl oglaiu oglaiulan lanl l mnl pelaau pelaaulnn lnnlly llyn. n. @hlthf @hlthf renisg renisg cusg cusg nmnonf nmnonf sednang sednang  dergiut;

>

F4 + >F>  4Fe= (mnonb ihlmgsg Z 6. 4:>6.  Elerag ]erdnruinl Ihlsep Mnsnr Beluku Iebnlmgrgnl  Elerag.. Whayninrtn; Ulgversgtns Anknf Bnmn prees.  Elerag Pgreanr, Tustnb E. 4:>:. Beinlgin 4:>:. Beinlgin Iunltub. Iunltub. Ulgversgtns Znmknknrnl; ULZNM Zress. Ulaauo, Pumnrbh. 4::1. Igbgn 4::1. Igbgn ultui PBN Ieons V . Purninrtn; Zfgδetn.

07