Temperatura y Medicion de Temperatura Ii

 

 

Eulmkcoltis mo flstrucoltknfþl y niltrih  _LFMKM ;>

]OCPOZK]_ZK V COMFNFÞL MO ]OCPOZK]_ZK FF FF  

 

E_LMKCOL]I^ MO FL^]Z_COL]KNFÞL V NIL]ZIH _LFMKM ;>

]OCPOZK]_ZK ]OCPO ZK]_ZK V COMFNFÞL COMFNFÞL MO HK ]OCPOZK]_ZK ]OCPOZK]_ZK - FF ÃLMFNO  ^onnf ^o nnf þl PZIHIAI ; ;.; ;.: : :.; :.: :.> :.= > >.; >.: = ? ?.; ?.: ?.> ?.=

]ãtuhi

]orcipkros  Prflnfpfis mo eulnfilkcfol eulnfilkcfolti ti mo his torcipkros Eulnfilkcfo Eulnfilkcfolti lti mo ul nfrnufti mo torcipkr

Ckltolfcfolti mo his torcipkros   Fmoltfe Fmoltfefnknfþl fnknfþl mo nhksos mo torcipkros Motorc Motorcflknfþl flknfþl mo hk pihkrfmkm mo his khkcjros moh torcipkr Hinkhfzknfþ Hinkhfzknfþll mo niloxfilo niloxfiloss ehigks ol his nfrnuftis mo torcipkr Nici motorcflk motorcflkrr sf ul torcipkr os moeontuisi

His motontiros torcicætrfnis mo rosfstolnfk  Pkrtos mo ul motontir torcicætrfni mo rosfstolnfk Eulnfilkcfol Eulnfilkcfolti ti mo ul motontir torcicætrfni mo rosfstolnfk

]orcfstiros Ckltolfcfolti Ck ltolfcfolti mo his moto motontiros ntiros torcicætrfnis mo rosfstolnfk  Motontir torcicætrfni mo rosfstolnfk mo tros khkcjros Motontir torcicætrfnis mo rosfstolnfk mo nuktri khkcjros Flstkhknfþl y pruojk mo motontiros torcicætrfnis mo rosfstolnfk mo nuktri khkcjros Zotfri y roocphkzi mo his motontiros torcicætrfnis mo rosfstolnfk ol his pizis tærcfnis

5 5.; 5.:

^olsiros ^o lsiros fflerkrrigis lerkrrigis mo tocporkturk tocporkturk  

5.>

Motontiros flerkrrigis mo tocporkturk ol hk flmustrfk

Ahiskrfi 

Nkrkntorãstfnks prflnfpk prflnfpkhos hos moh eulnfilkcfol eulnfilkcfolti ti _si mo ul solsir flerkrrigi mo tocporktu tocporkturk rk

Pkaflk > ;-; ;-; ;-> :-: :-; :-: :-> :-= >-; >-: >-: =-; ?-; ?-; ?-: ?-= ?-4 5-; 5-: 5-> 5-= A-;

 

 

HF^]K MO FH_^]ZKNFILO^ FH_^]ZKNFILO^

Efaurk Efaur k

]ftuh i

Pkaflk

;-;.

]orcipkr jësfni

;-:

;-:. ;->. ;-=. ;-?. ;-5. :-;. :-:. :->. :-=. :-?. :-5. :-1. >-;. >-:. >->. >-=. >-?. >-5. =-;. ?-;.

]orcipkr ul nfrnufti ohæntrfni Nfrnufti mo ol torcipkr Oeonti moh nkholtkcfolt nkholtkcfoltii mo ulk gultk mo torcipkr Gultks mo comfnfþl y roeorolnfk

;-> ;-= ;-= ;-? ;-5 :-: :-: :-> :-= :-? :-5 :-1 >-; >-: >-> >-= >-= >-? =-: ?-:

?-:.

Nfrnufti mo torcipkr nil rosfstir nicpolsktirfi Hotrks mo fmoltfefnknf fmoltfefnknfþl þl y hãcftos mo tocporkturk Hotrks mo fmoltfefnknf fmoltfefnknfþl þl ol his torcipkros Nþmfai mo nihiros moh kfshklto ol his khkcjros mo torcipkr Nfrnufti mo torcipkr nil roafstrkmir y nkgk mo gultks Pitolnfþcotri mo cfhf vihtfi

Niloxfþl moh torcipkr nil oh pitolnfþcotri Pitolnfþcotri mo cfhf vihtfi nil osnkhk mo cfhfvihtfis Motontir torcicætrfni mo rosfstolnfk nic÷l Pkrtos mo ul motontir torcicætrfni mo rosfstolnfk

Nfrnufti ol puolto nil motontiros torcicætrfn torcicætrfnis is Ehugi mo nirrfolto k trkvæs mo ul nfrnufti ol puolto oqufhfjrkmi

Nfrnufti ol puolto nil motontir torcicætrfni mo rosfstolnfk Nfrnufti ol puolto nil motontir torcicætrfni mo rosfstolnfk y comfmir Nfrnufti ol puolto nil torcfstir Motontiros torcicætrfnis mo rosfstolnfk mo tros khkcjros

?-> ?-=

?-=.

Motontiros torcicætrfnis mo rosfstolnfk mo nuktri khkcjros ol ul nfrnufti ol puolto Fmoltfefnknfþl mo hk pihkrfmkm mo ul motontir torcicætrfni mo rosfstolnfk mo nuktri khkcjros Puolto mo rosfstolnfks mo prosfþl

?-?. ?-1. ?-4. 5-;. 5-:. 5->. 5-=. 5-5.

Motontir torcicætrfni mo rosfstolnfk nilontkmi kh puolto mo rosfstolnfks mo pronfsfþl Comfmir flmfnklmi oh puolto ol oqufhfjrfi Honturk mo rosfsto rosfstolnfk lnfk mo :=6,6xidcfis ^olsir flerkrrig flerkrrigii mo tocporktur tocporkturkk y ijgoti nkhfolto Mfjugi mo ul motontir mo torcipfhk pfstihk flerkrrigk Nilcutkm Nilcutkmir ir mo ocfvfsfmkm Niltrih mo ul tkjhori mo nfrnuftis

?-5 ?-1 ?-4 5-: 5-: 5-> 5-= 5-5

?->.

?-?

 

E_LMKCOL]I^ MO FL^]Z_COL]KNFÞL V NIL]ZIH _LFMKM ;>

]OCPOZK]_ZK ]OCPO ZK]_ZK V COMFNFÞL COMFNFÞL MO HK ]OCPOZK]_ZK ]OCPOZK]_ZK - FF COMFNFÞL OHÆN]ZFNK MO HK ]OCPOZK]_ZK

PZIHIAI

Oltro his mfvorsis flstrucoltis utfhfzkmis ol his nicphogis flmustrfkhos pkrk comfr hk tocporkturk, dky cundis jkskmis ol hk ohontrfnfmkm. Pir nilsfaufolto, his tænlfnis cundks vonos tfolol quo flstkhkr, mosciltkr, mosc iltkr, flsponnfilkr o fmoltfefnkr hks ekhhks mo ul juol l÷cori mo mfspisftfvis ohæntrfnis quo cfmol hk tocporkturk.

Ostk soaulmk ulfmkm knornk mo hk tocporkturk y comfnfþl mo hk tocporkturk trktk his prflnfpfis moh eulnfilkcfolti mo his solsiros mo tocporkturk ohæntrfnis cës niculos y mo his motontiros mo tocporkturk mo rkyis flerkrrigis. ]kcjfæl ] kcjfæl so trktkl khaulis mo his cætimis niculos mo oeontukr oh ckltolfcfolti o fmoltfefnknfþl mo ekhhks ol torcipkros, motontiros torcicætrfnis mo rosfstolnfk, y torcfstiros.

 

]OCPOZK]_ZK V COMFNFÞL MO ]OCPOZK]_ZK  „ FF ^oacolti ;7 ]orcipkros  

^oacolti ^o acolti ;

]OZCIPKZO^ IJGO]FUI^ MO O^]O ^OACOL]I ➪ 

OTPHFNKZ HI^ PZFLNFPFI^ MO E_LNFILKCFOL]I MO HI^ ]OZCIPKZO^.  

➪ 

FMOL]FEFNKZ HK^ PKZ]O^ PZFLNFPKHO^ MO _L NFZN_F]I MO ]OZCIPKZ.  

➪ 

OTPHFNKZ OH E_LNFILKCFOL]I MOH NFZN_F]I OHÆN]ZFNI OHÆN]ZFNI _]FHFWKMI OL HI^ ]OZCIPKZO^.  

;.; ;.; Prfln Prflnfpfi fpfi m o eulnfilkcfolti m o his torcipkros Nici cuostrk hk efaurk ;-;K, his torcipkros aolorkhcolto ostël eirckmis pir mis khkcjros mo cotkhos mfstfltis quo dkl sfmi trolzkmis i sihmkmis pkrk nilstrufr ulk gultk. Nuklmi so sicoto hk gultk k nkcjfis mo tocporkturk, oh torcipkr primuno ul vihtkgo pripirnfilkh k hk tocporkturk. Hk efaurk ;-;J cuostrk ul torcipkr rokh. His khkcjros trolzkmis so olnuoltrkl kmoltri, nornk moh oxtroci moh tuji cotëhfni.

;-;

 

]OCPOZK]_ZK V COMFNFÞL MO ]OCPOZK]_ZK  „ FF ^oacolti ;7 ]orcipkros  

^f so nilontk ul torcipkr kh nfrnufti ohæntrfni nici so cuostrk ol hk efaurk ;-:, hk nkltfmkm mo vihtkgo primunfmi so puomo flmfnkr ol ul comfmir y hk comfmk moh vihtkgo so puomo trklseirckr ol tocporkturk comfklto ulk tkjhk mo nilvorsfþl. Khaulis comfmiros tfolol ulk osnkhk ol hk quo so puomo flmfnkr hk tocporkturk ol eirck mfrontk.

;-:

 

]OCPOZK]_ZK V COMFNFIL MO ]OCPOZK]_ZK  „ FF ^oacolti ;7 ]orcipkros  

;.: ;.: Eulnfi Eulnfi lkcfolti mo ul nfrn nfrnufti ufti mo torcipkr Hk efaurk ;-> os ul mfjugi sfcphfefnkmi mo ul nfrnufti torcipkr. Hk ckyirãk mo his torcipkros tfolol ulk sihk gultk2 sfl ocjkrai, sf so nilontkl ol ul nfrnufti ohæntrfni, his pultis ol his quo so dknol hks niloxfilos puomol eirckr itrk  gultk. Oh nfrnufti quo so cuostrk c uostrk ol hk efaurk nilstk mo tros khkcjros fmoltfefnkmis nici K, J y N. His khkcjros K y J sil moh cfsci cotkh y oh khkcjro N mo ul cotkh mfstflti2 his tros khkcjros ostël trolzkmis mo tkh cklork quo eircol mis gultks, hhkckmks M y O. Hk gultk M os hk itrk gultk eirckmk nuklmi oh torcipkr so nilontk kh nfrnufti y hk nukh so molicflk gultk mo roeorolnfk2 hk gultk O os hk gultk mo comfnfþl. ]kcjfæl flnhufmi ol oh nfrnufti dky ul comfmir pkrk comfr hk mfeorolnfk mo vihtkgo oltro hks mis gultks.

;->

 

]OCPOZK]_ZK V COMFNFIL MO ]OCPOZK]_ZK  „ FF ^oacolti ;7 ]orcipkros  

Hks mis gultks mo hk efaurk ;-> ostël nilontkmks mo cklork quo his vihtkgos so pilakl oltro sf2 sf hks mis gultks primunol hk cfsck nkltfmkm mo vihtkgo, hk comfmk moh comfmir sorë mo nori vihtfis. Mkmi quo dky ulk rohknfþl pripirnfilkh oltro hk tocporkturk y hk nkltfmkm mo vihtkgo primunfmk pir ulk gultk mo torcipkr, hks mis gultks primunfrël vihtkgos faukhos nuklmi tolakl hk cfsck tocporkturk. Nuklmi so nkhfoltk hk gultk mo ul torcipkr, nici so cuostrk ol hk efaurk ;-=, su vihtkgo kucoltk pripirnfilkhcolto. His ohontrilos nfrnuhkl mosmo hk gultk quo so dk nkholtkmi, pkskl pir hk itrk gultk y k trkvæs moh comfmir y huoai rotirlkl k hk gultk quo dk sfmi nkholtkmk. Oh comfmir flmfnk hk mfeorolnfk mo vihtkgo oltro hks mis gultks y ostks so trklseirckl ol tocporkturk, jfol sok utfhfzklmi ul nukmri mo tocporkturk i hoyolmi mfrontkcolto hk osnkhk moh comfmir quo flmfnk hk tocporkturk ol arkmis.

;-=

 

]OCPOZK]_ZK V COMFNFIL MO ]OCPOZK]_ZK  „ FF ^oacolti ;7 ]orcipkros   His tærcflis ‘gultk mo roeorolnfk– y ‘gultk mo comfnfþl– tfolol sfa lfefnkmis osponãefnis ol ul nfrnufti mo torcipkr. Hk

 gultk mo comfnfþl os hk gultk quo quo ostë oxpuostk kh prinosi nuyk tocporkturk so ostë cfmfolmi y hk gultk mo roeorolnfk, nici hi flmfnk hk efaurk ;-?, lirckhcolto os oh huakr milmo his khkcjros moh torcipkr so nilontkl kh comfmir. Hk efaurk cuostrk ÷lfnkcolto ulk gultk mo roeorolnfk, k poskr mo quo dky pultis mo niloxfþl. Ol osto ogocphi, hk gultk mo roeorolnfk os oh ÷lfni pulti mo niloxfþl milmo ostël nilontkmis mis cotkhos mfstfltis. mfstfltis.  

Mkmi quo oh vihtkgo primunfmi pir oh torcipkr os pripirnfilkh k su tocporkturk, so primuno cës vihtkgo nuklmi so nkhfoltk hk gultk mo comfnfþl y colis nuklmi so s o olerãk. Nici oh comfmir mo torcipkr torc ipkr rokhcolto cfmo hk mfeorolnfk ol vihtkgo oltro hks mis gultks, oh vihtkgo mo hk gultk mo roeorolnfk mojo ckltolorso hi cës nilstklto quo sok pisfjho. Kh ckltolor nilstklto oh vihtkgo mo hk gultk mo roeorolnfk so nilsfauo quo timi nkcjfi flmfnkmi pir oh comfmir roehogo oxkntkcolto oh nkcjfi mo tocporkturk ol hk gultk mo comfnfþl. ^f nkcjfk hk tocporkturk khromomir mo hk gultk mo roeorolnfk, tkcjfæl nkcjfk oh vihtkgo mo hk gultk mo roeorolnfk y, pir nilsfaufolto, nkcjfkrë hk mfeorolnfk mo vihtkgo oltro hks mis gultks, primunfolmi ulk comfmk fcpronfsk.

;-?

 

]OCPOZK]_ZK V COMFNFÞL MO ]OCPOZK]_ZK  „ FF ^oacolti ;7 ]orcipkros   Nici hi cuostrk hk efaurk ;-5, cundis torcipkros ostël oqufpkmis nil ul rosfstir (i rosfstolnfk) nicpolsktirfi, pkrk ckltolor nilstklto oh vihtkgo mo hk gultk mo roeorolnfk.

Nuklmi so phklok oh sfstock, oh rosfstir nicpolsktirfi moh nfrnufti mo torcipkr so sohonnfilk nil arkl nufmkmi. ^o sft÷k ol hk cfsck zilk mo hk gultk mo roeorolnfk pkrk quo hk tocporkturk his keonto faukhcolto. Nuklmi kucoltk hk tocporkturk, hk gultk mo roeorolnfk primuno cës vihtkgo2 sfl ocjkrai, oh kucolti mo tocporkturk tkcjfæl kucoltk hk rosfstolnfk moh rosfstir nicpolsktirfi. Osto kucolti mo rosfstolnfk nicpolsk oefnkzcolto oh kucolti mo vihtkgo primunfmi pir hk gultk mo roeorolnfk k nkusk moh kucolti mo tocporkturk. Itrk cklork mo ckltolor hk gultk mo roeorolnfk k ul vihtkgo nilstklto nilsfsto ol ckltolor nilstklto, i rohktfvkcolto nilstklto, hk tocporkturk moh comfi kcjfolto. Osti aolorkhcolto so hiark kh nilsorvkr hk gultk mo roeorolnfk ol ul sftfi nil tocporkturk niltrihkmk, tkh nici ul nukrti mo niltrih u itri huakr nil kfro knilmfnfilkmi, milmo hk tocporkturk moh kcjfolto so ckltfolo jkstklto nilstklto.

;-5

 

]OCPOZK]_ZK V COMFNFIL MO ]OCPOZK]_ZK  „ FF ^oacolti ;7 ]orcipkros  

ZOPK^I MOH ^OACOL]I

;-;. Dkak ul nãrnuhi khromomir mo hk rospuostk nirrontk. Ol su eirck cës solnfhhk, oh torcipkr os k. _l nilgulti nilgulti mo vkrfks gultks, ul comfmir y ul nukmri j. _l ronfpfolto cotëhfni pkrk khkcjros nilmuntiros n. Mis khkcjros khkcjros mo cotkhos mfeoroltos mfeoroltos oltrohkzkmis pkrk eirckr ulk gultk m. Nukhqufor nfrnufti ohæntrfni

;-:. ^f so nkhfoltk hk gultk mo ul torcipkr, oh vihtkgo quo primuno (Kucoltkrë, mfscflufrë) ;->. Uormkmori i ekhsi, oxfsto ulk rohknfþl mo pripirnfþl mfrontk oltro oh vihtkgo quo primuno hk gultk mo ul torcipkr y hk tocporkturk.

;-=. Dkak ul nãrnuhi khromomir k hromomir mo hk rospuostk nirrontk. Pkrk ckltolor nilstklto oh vihtkgo primunfmi ol hk gultk mo roeorolnfk, cundis torcipkros ostël oqufpkmis nil7 k. j. n. m.

_l torcipkr nicpolsktirfi _l rosfstir nicpolsktirfi _lk tkjhk mo nilvorsfilos, nicpolsktirfk Lkmk (li dky lonosfmkm mo ckltolor nilstklto hk tocporkturk mo hk gultk mo roeorolnfk.)

;-?. Uormkmori i ekhsi. e khsi. _l torcipkr so puomo ocphokr pkrk comfr o flmfnkr hk tocporkturk toc porkturk sfl ul nfrnufti ohæntrfni nicphoti.

;-1

 

 

]OCPOZK]_ZK V COMFNFIL MO ]OCPOZK]_ZK  „ FF ^oacolti ;7 ]orcipkros  

;-4

 

  ]OCPOZK]_ZK V COMFNFIL MO ]OCPOZK]_ZK  „ FF ^oacolti ^oacolti :7 Ckltolfcfolti Ckltolfcfolti mo his torcip kros 

^oacolti ^o acolti :

CKL]OLFCFOL]I CKL]OLFCFOL ]I MO H HI^ I^ ]OZCIPKZO^ IJGO]FUI^ MO O^]O ^OACOL]I ➪ 

OTPHFNKZ NICI ^O FMOL]FEFNKL HI^ HI^ MFUOZ^I^ ]FPI^ MO ]OZCIPKZO^.  

➪ 

MO^NZFJFZ I MOCI^]ZKZ NICI ^O MO]OZCFLK HK PIHKZFMKM MO HI^ KHKCJZO^ MOH ]OZCIPKZ. 

➪ 

MO^NZFJFZ I MOCI^]ZKZ NICI ^O HINKHFWKL HK^ NILOTFILO^ ^_OH]K^ MO HI^ NFZN_F]I^ MO ]OZCIPKZ. 

➪ 

OTPHFNKZ NICI ^O MO]OZCFLK ^F _L ]OZCIPKZ O^ MOEON]_I^I.  

:.; Fmoltfefnknfþl mo nhksos mo torcipkros Li timis his torcipkros sfrvol pkrk hks cfscks comfmks mo tocporkturk. His torcipkros puomol ostkr eirckmis pir mfeoroltos nicjflknfilos mo cotkhos y hk nicjflknfþl motorcflk oh khnklno moh torcipkr. Pir osto citfvi so dk moskrrihhkmi ul sfstock mo hotrks pkrk fmoltfefnkr hks mfeoroltos nhksos mo torcipkros. Nici kpkrono ol hk efaurk :-;, k nkmk tfpi so ho ksfalk ulk hotrk quo q uo ho fmoltfefnk, hk nukh flmfnk hk nicjflknfþl mo cotkhos utfhfzkmis pkrk oso torcipkr osponãefni. Hk efaurk :-; tkcjfæl cuostrk oh khnklno mo tocporkturks quo puomol comfr nkmk tfpi mo torcipkr.

:-;

 

  ]OCPOZK]_ZK V COMFNFÞL MO ]OCPOZK]_ZK  „ FF ^oacolti ^oacolti :7 Ckltolfcfolti Ckltolfcfolti mo his torcip kros 

Hotrk nþm nþmfai fai G B ] O ^ Z

Licjr Licjro o Dforr Dforri-Nil i-Nilst stktkl ktkl Nric Nricoh-Kh oh-Khuc ucoh oh

Khn Khnklno klno mo tocporktur tocporkturk k (·E (·E)) >: k ; =00 (0 k 150· N) >: k : >00 (0 k ;:50 ;:50·· N)

Nijr Nijro-Nilst o-Nilst kltkl Nric Nricoh-Nils oh-Nilstkl tkltkl tkl Phktf li-Ph li-Phktfl ktfl i ;0% Zimf Zimfi i Phktf li-Ph li-Phktfl ktfl i ;>% Zimf Zimfi i

->00 k +100 (-;4= k +>1; +>1;·· N) >: k ; 500 (0 k 41;· N) >: k :1 000 (0 k ;= 64: 64:·· N) >: k :1 000 (0 k ;= 64: 64:·· N)

Efaurk :-;. :-;. Ho Hotrks trks mo fmoltfe fmoltfefnknfþl fnknfþl y hãcft hãcftos os mo tocpork tocporkturk turk mo tfp is mo torcip kro kross Nici cuostrk hk efaurk :-: hks hotrks mo fmoltfefnknfþl aolorkhcolto ostël fcprosks ol his torcipkros. Oh torcipkr mo hk efaurk :-:K os ul torcipkr moh tfpi B (Nricoh-Khucoh). Oh mo hk efaurk :-:J os oh moh tfpi ] (Nijro-Nilstkltkl).

:.: :.: Motorcflknfþl Motorcflknfþl mo hk pihkrfmkm mo hi s khkcjros moh t orcipkr Nuklmi oh torcipkr ostë nilontkmi ol ul nfrnufti ohæntrfni, li eulnfilkrk nirrontkcolto nirrontkc olto sf li so ckltfolo hk pihkrfmkm mo his khkcjros. Oh (his) khkcjro(s) pisftfvi(s) mojo(l) nilontkrso kh pulti pisftfvi moh nfrnufti, y oh (his) khkcjro(s) loaktfvi(s) mojo(l) nilontkrso kh pulti loaktfvi moh nfrnufti. ^f his khkcjros so flvfortol, hks gultks mo comfnfþl y roeorolnfk li so nilontkrël ipuostks oltro sf y hk flmfnknfþl mo tocporkturk li sorë oxkntk.

:->

 

]OCPOZK]_ZK V COMFNFÞL MO ]OCPOZK]_ZK  „ FF ^oacolti ^oacolti :7 Ckltolfcfolti Ckltolfcfolti mo his torcip kros

_lk cklork mo motorcflkr hk pihkrfmkm mo his khkcjros moh torcipkr nilsfsto ol flsponnfilkr oh kfshklto, quo so fmoltfefnk pir oh nihir. Hk efaurk :-> cuostrk oh nihir ksinfkmi nil his khkcjros mo his mfeoroltos tfpis mo torcipkr. Ijsorvo quo pir roahk aolorkh, oh nihir rigi nirrospilmo kh khkcjro loaktfvi mo timi torcipkr.

NIHIZ-NIMFAI MOH KF NIHIZ-NIMFAI KF^HKL]O ^HKL]O Hotrk-nþmfai Khkcjro pisft pisftfvi fvi Khkcjro loak loaktfvi tfvi G Jhklni Zigi B Kckrfhhi Zigi ] Kzuh Zigi O Cirkmi Zigi ^ Lo Loari ari Zigi Z Loari Loari Zigi Efaurk :->. :->. Nþmfai mo nnihiros ihiros moh kfshklto ol his khk khkcjros cjros mo torcipkr

Cundks vonos os lonoskrfi utfhfzkr khkcjros mo oxtolsfþl ol his nfrnuftis mo torcipkr. His kfshkltos mo his khkcjros mo oxtolsfþl tkcjfæl uskl nþmfais mo nihiros. Oh kfshklto oxtorli mo his khkcjros mo oxtolsfþl vkrfk mo nihir soa÷l oh ekjrfnklto, pori his mis khkcjros moltri moh aolorkhcolto uskl oh nþmfai quo kpkrono ol hk efaurk :->.

:.> :.> Hinkhfzknfþl Hinkhfzknfþl m o nilo niloxfilos xfilos eh igks ol his nfrn nfrnuftis uftis mo torcipkr Hks niloxfilos ehigks ol his nfrnuftis mo torcipkr, kulquo eënfhcolto ropkrkjhos, sil ulk nkusk nic÷l mo comfmks mo tocporkturk floxkntks. Nuklmi ul nfrnufti mo torcipkr li ostæ eulnfilklmi nirrontkcolto, ulk mo hks prfcorks nisks quo mojo dknorso nuklmi so fltoltk dfhkr hk nkusk os nicprijkr quo li dky niloxfilos ehigks ol oh nfrnufti.

:->

 

]OCPOZK]_ZK V COMFNFÞL MO ]OCPOZK]_ZK  „ FF ^oacolti ^oacolti :7 Ckltolfcfolti Ckltolfcfolti mo his torcip kros

Oh nfrnufti mo torcipkr quo kpkrono ol hk efaurk :-= nilstk mo ul torcipkr, his khkcjros mo niloxfþl, ul roafstri mo hk tocporkturk y ulk nkgk mo gultks. Hi cës prijkjho os quo hks niloxfilos ehigks so olnuoltrol ol hk nkgk mo gultks i ol oh torcipkr.

Kulquo oh nfrnufti mo torcipkr lirckhcolto li tfolo nkgk mo gultks, khaulks k haulks vonos æstks so uskl nuklmi his khkcjros khkc jros mo niloxfþl li sil hi suefnfoltocolto pkrk fr moh roafstri kh torcipkr. Ol khaulis nksis puomo dkjor vkrfks nkgks mo  gultks ol ul nfrnufti mo torcipkr. Nuklmi so ostë fltoltklmi motorcflkr sf dky niloxfilos ehigks, nici prfcork comfmk mojol rovfskrso hks niloxfilos moh roafstri. ^f æstks so olnuoltrkl mojfmkcolto kprotkmks, oltilnos so mojol oxkcflkr hks niloxfilos mo nkmk ulk mo hks nkgks mo gultks moh nfrnufti, ocpozklmi nil hk nkgk mo gultks cës nornklk kh roafstri y kvklzklmi dknfk oh torcipkr.

:.= :.= Nþci Nþci motorcflkr sf ul torcip kr os moeo moeontuisi ntuisi ^f oh torcipkr ostë primunfolmi comfmks mo tocporkturk floxkntks y yk so dk nicprijkmi quo li dky niloxfilos ehigks ol oh nfrnufti, oh orrir puomo ostkr ol oh roafstri i ol oh torcipkr. Aolorkhcolto so rovfsk prfcori oh roafstri, yk quo osto tfolmo k ekhhkr nil cës eronuolnfk quo oh torcipkr. Cës k÷l, ol his nksis ol quo oh roafstri prosolto khaulk flmfnknfþl, kulquo sok fcpronfsk, hk ekhhk prijkjhocolto prijkjhoc olto li os oh moh torcipkr. ^f oh torcipkr torc ipkr ostuvfoso moeontuisi li primunfrë oh vihtkgo li primunfrãk oh vihtkgo khauli y li kpkronorãk flmfnknfþl ol oh roafstri. ^f oh roafstri li prosoltk lflaulk flmfnknfþl, hi cës prijkjho os quo sok oh torcipkr oh quo ostk moeontuisi. ^f so sispondk quo oh torcipkr os moeontuisi, hi prfcori quo so mojo dknor os vorfefnkr su skhfmk nil ul flstrucolti pkrk comfr poquoûis vihtkgos, hhkckmi pitolnfþcotri mo cfhf vihtfi. Hk efaurk :-? cuostrk ul tãpfni pitolnfþcotri mo cfhf vihtfi.

:-=

 

]OCPOZK]_ZK V COMFNFÞL MO ]OCPOZK]_ZK  „ FF ^oacolti ^oacolti :7 Ckltolfcfolti Ckltolfcfolti mo his torcip kros

:-?

 

]OCPOZK]_ZK V COMFNFÞL MO ]OCPOZK]_ZK  „ FF ^oacolti ^oacolti :7 Ckltolfcfolti Ckltolfcfolti mo his torcip kros

Aolorkhcolto so uskl khkcjros mo oxtolsfþl pkrk nilontkr his khkcjros moh torcipkr k his torcflkhos mo ul pitolnfþcotri mo cfhf vihtfi. Hk efaurk :-5 cuostrk nþci puomo nilontkrso ul torcipkr nil oh pitolnfþcotri, comfklto ulk nkgk mo torcflkhos. Hks niloxfilos so dknol mo hk sfaufolto cklork7 prfcori so hhovk ul khkcjro mo oxtolsfþl mosmo oh pitolnfþcotri k hk nkgk mo torcflkhos (Efaurk :-5K), nilontkmi oh khkcjro loaktfvi kh torcflkh loaktfvi moh comfmir y oh khkcjro pisftfvi kh torcflkh pisftfvi. Huoai, his khkcjros moh torcipkr so mosnilontkl moh roafstri y so nilontkl kh itri mo hk nkgk mo torcflkhos (Efaurk :-5J), luovkcolto nilontkmi oh khkcjro loaktfvi y oh pisftfvi moh torcipkr k hishkmi khkcjros rospontfvis mo hk nkgk mo torcflkhos.

:-5

 

]OCPOZK]_ZK V COMFNFÞL MO ]OCPOZK]_ZK  „ FF ^oacolti ^oacolti :7 Ckltolfcfolti Ckltolfcfolti mo his torcip kros

Nuklmi so nilontk oh torcipkr kh pitolnfþcotri mo cfhf vihtfi comfklto ulk nkgk mo torcflkhos, so eirck ul torcipkr kmfnfilkh, mojfmi k his cotkhos mfstfltis ol hks niloxfilos ol hk nkgk mo torcflkhos. Nici hks gultks mo his torcipkros quo so dkl eirckmi ostël k hk cfsck tocporkturk kcjfoltkh, kcjks primunol hk cfsck nkltfmkm mo vihtkgo y, pir nilsfaufolto, hks gultks so loutrkhfzkl cutukcolto. Nuklmi oh torcipkr ostk nilontkmi nirrontkcolto kh pitolnfþcotri, so puomo ostkjhonor oh vihtkgo mo skhfmk moh torcipkr. Pkrk hoor hk comfmk moh vihtkgo ol oh comfmir, c omfmir, oh sohontir moh pitolnfþcotri mojo nihinkrso ol hk pisfnfþl ]N COK^_ZO y oh pitolnfþcotri mojo kgustkrso dkstk quo oh comfmir flmfquo nori. Oltilnos so puomo comfr hk skhfmk moh torcipkr. Ol khaulis pitolnfþcotris mo cfhf vihtfis, hk tocporkturk os nicpolskmk kuticëtfnkcolto kutic ëtfnkcolto cfoltrks quo ol itris, hk nicpolsknfþl tfolo quo nkhnuhkrso. His nëhnuhis mo tocporkturk so hhovkl k nkji mo knuormi nil hks osponfefnknfilos moh cklukh mo flstrunnfilos moh pitolnfþcotri. Ol oh pitolnfþcotri mo hk efaurk :-1, hk skhfmk moh torcipkr sorë flmfnkmk ol cfhf vihtfis.

:-1

 

]OCPOZK]_ZK V COMFNFÞL MO ]OCPOZK]_ZK  „ FF ^oacolti ^oacolti :7 Ckltolfcfolti Ckltolfcfolti mo his torcip kros

Li timis his pitolnfþcotris timks sus osnkhks oqufhfjrkmks ol cfhf vihtfis2 hkaulks hks tfolol mfrontkcolto ol arkmis Ekdroldoft. ^f hk osnkhk ostk oqufhfjrkmk ol cfhf vihtfis, hk honturk so puomo nilvortfr ol tocporkturk utfhfzklmi nukmris mo nilvorsfþl i arëefnks, aolorkhcolto sucflfstrkmi pir his ekjrfnkltos moh torcipkr. Hk tocporkturk flmfnkmk puomo nicpkrkrso nil hk tocporkturk moh prinosi lirckh, pkrk ostkr soauri quo oh torcipkr ostë eulnfilklmi nirrontkcolto. nirrontkc olto. ^fl ocjkrai, mojo tolorso ol nuoltk quo ul torcipkr moeontuisi aolorkhcolto li primuno lfla÷l tfpi mo vihtkgo. ^f dky khaulk flmfnknfþl ol oh sfstock os prijkjho quo oh torcipkr osto juoli y quo oh prijhock, sf oxfsto, ostë ol oh sfstock.

:-4

 

]OCPOZK]_ZK V COMFNFÞL MO ]OCPOZK]_ZK  „ FF ^oacolti ^oacolti :7 Ckltolfcfolti Ckltolfcfolti mo his torcip kros

ZOPK^I MOH ^OACOL]I

:-;. Uormkmori i ekhsi. His torcipkros dondis mo mfeoroltos tfpis mo cotkhos cfmol mfeoroltos khnklnos mo tocporkturk.

:-:. Dkak ul nfrnuhi khromomir mo hk rospuostk nirrontk. Hk pihkrfmkm mo his khkcjros moh torcipkr so puomo motorcflkr comfklto k. _l sfstock ostëlmkr mo nþmfai mo nihiros. j. Hk prosolnfk mo ul khkcjro mo nihir ol oh torcipkr. n. Lf k. lf j. m. ]klti k. nici j.

:->. ^f ul nfrnufti mo torcipkr ostk sucflfstrklmi ulk honturk mo tocporkturk pori fcpronfsk, oh torcipkr ostë moeontuisi.

:-=. Dkak ul nfrnuhi khromomir mo hk rospuostk nirrontk. Pkrk ostkjhonor sf ul torcipkr ostë moeontuisi, his khkcjros moh torcipkr so mojol nilontkr k7 k. j. n. m.

Itri torcipkr. _l pitolnfþcotri mo cfhf vihtfi. _l roafstri. Lflauli mo his kltorfiros.

:-?. Nuklmi so usk ul pitolnfþcotri mo cfhf vihtfi pkrk rovfskr ul torcipkr, oh sohontir moh pitolnfþcotri mojorë nihinkrso ol .

:-6

 

]OCPOZK]_ZK V COMFNFÞL MO ]OCPOZK]_ZK  „ FF ^oacolti ^oacolti :7 Ckltolfcfolti Ckltolfcfolti mo his torcip kros

:-;0

 

]OCPOZK]_ZK V COMFNFÞL MO ]OCPOZK]_ZK  „ FF ^oacolti ^oacolti >7 His motontiros torcicætrf nis mo rosfstolnfk

^oacolti ^o acolti >

HI^ MO]ON]IZO^ ]OZCICÆ]ZFNI^ MO ZO^F^]OLNFK IJGO]FUI^ MO O^]O ^OACOL]I ➪ 

FMOL]FEFNKZ HK^ PKZ]O^ E_LMKCOL]KHO^ MO _L MO]ON]IZ ]OZCICÆ]ZFNI MO ZO^F^]OLNFK.  

➪ 

OTPHFNKZ HI^ PZFLNFPFI^ MO E_LNFILKCFOL]I MO _L MO]ON]IZ ]OZCICÆ]ZFNI MO ZO^F^]OLNFK OL _L NFZN_F]I OL P_OL]O.  

His torcipkros primunol vihtkgo nuklmi so nkhfoltkl y hk nirrfolto rosuhtklto so ocphok nici ulk jkso pkrk comfr hk tocporkturk. Ol niltrksto, his motontiros torcicætrfnis mo rosfstolnfk sil solsiros ohæntrfnis mo tocporkturk quo uskl nkcjfis mo rosfstolnfk, quo os hk ipisfnfþl kh k h ehugi mo nirrfolto, nici hk jkso mo hks comfmks mo tocporkturk. Hk efaurk >-; cuostrk ul motontir torcicætrfni mo rosfstolnfk nic÷l.

>-;

 

]OCPOZK]_ZK V COMFNFÞL MO ]OCPOZK]_ZK  „ FF ^oacolti ^oacolti >7 His motontiros torcicætrf nis mo rosfstolnfk

>.; >.; Pkrtos Pkrtos mo ul motontir torcicætrfn i mo rosfst rosfstolnfk olnfk Hk efaurk >-: os ul mfjugi sfcphfefnkmi mo ul motontir torcicætrfni mo rosfstolnfk nic÷l. Oh prflnfpkh nicpilolto ohæntrfni mo ästo os ul rosfstir i rosfstolnfk, aolorkhcolto dondi nil ulk jijflk mo khkcjro khromomir mo ul nfhflmri kfshklto mo norëcfnk. Oh rosfstir os oh ohocolti moh motontir torcicætrfni mo rosfstolnfk quo rokhcolto pornfjo hk tocporkturk. Lirckhcolto so ocphok ulk nujfortk mo knori flixfmkjho pkrk pritoaor oh ohocolti ohoc olti solsir mo his mkûis eãsfnis y pkrk kfshkr oh nfrnufti ohæntrfni moh ehufmi moh prinosi, ovftklmi quo oh nfrnufti dkak nirti. His mis torcflkhos so nilontkl - k trkvæs mo ul sohhi sohhi dorcætfni - kh nfrnufti ohæntrfni moltri mo hk nujfortk mo knori flixfmkjho.

>.: >.: Eulnfilkcfolti mo ul motontir torcicætrfni torcic ætrfni mo rosfst rosfstolnfk olnfk His motontiros torcicætrfnis mo rosfstolnfk so puomol uskr pkrk comfr ohæntrfnkcolto hk tocporkturk, puos oxfsto ulk rohknfþl pripirnfilkh oltro his nkcjfis mo rosfstolnfk y his nkcjfis mo tocporkturk. Ol itrks pkhkjrks, nuklmi hk tocporkturk kucoltk, hk rosfstolnfk kucoltk pripirnfilkhcolto2 ostk rohknfþl tfolo ulk kphfnknfþl mfrontk ol his motontiros torcicætrfnis mo rosfstolnfk, puos hk rosfstolnfk moh motontir kucoltkrë i mfscflufrë pripirnfilkhcolto k oh kucolti i mfscflunfþl mo hk tocporkturk k hk quo ostë sicotfmi oh motontir. ]imi nkcjfi mo rosfstolnfk puomo roafstrkrso y trklseirckrso ol tocporkturk comfklto ulk arëefnk i nukmri, i puomo hoorso mfrontkcolto ol hk osnkhk moh flstrucolti quo flmfnk hk tocporkturk.

>-: 

 

]OCPOZK]_ZK V COMFNFÞL MO ]OCPOZK]_ZK  „ FF  ^oacolti ^oacolti >7 His motontiros torcicætrf nis mo rosfstolnfk

Nici ol oh nksi moh torcipkr i mo nukhqufor itri solsir ohæntrfni mo tocporkturk, oh motontir torcicætrfni mo rosfstolnfk os ÷tfh nici flstrucolti comfmir mo tocporkturk ÷lfnkcolto sf ostë nilontkmi ol ul nfrnufti ohæntrfni. ohænt rfni. His nfrnuftis quo pir hi aolorkh so uskl nil his motontiros torcicætrfnis mo rosfstolnfk sil his nfrnuftis n frnuftis mo puolto, yk quo ostis puomol dknorso suckcolto oxkntis. Hk efaurk >-> cuostrk hk nilefaurknfþl mo ul nfrnufti ol puolto nic÷l y ulk pfhk quo sfrvo nici euolto oxtorlk mo oloraãk. His nfrnuftis mo motontir torcicætrfni torc icætrfni mo rosfstolnfk lonosftkl ulk euolto oxtorlk mo oloraãk, puos his motontiros li puomol primunfr su pripfi vihtkgo.

Oh nfrnufti ol puolto quo kpkrono ol hk efaurk >-> nilstk mo nflni rosfstiros (Z;, Z:, Z>, Z=, y Z?) y nuktri gultks (K, J, N y M). Pkrk eflos mo ostk oxphfnknfþl, supilocis quo timis his rosfstiros moh nfrnufti ol puolto puol to ol oh ogocphi tfolol hk cfsck c fsck nkltfmkm mo rosfstolnfk, hk efaurk >-> so dk mfjugkmi mo itrk cklork pkrk kyumkr k sfcphfefnkr hk oxphfnknfþl moh nfrnufti. Mojfmi k quo hk nirrfolto ehuyo mo loaktfvi k pisftfvi, hk nirrfolto mo osto nfrnufti (Efaurk >-=) skho moh torcflkh torc flkh loaktfvi mo hk pfhk y ehuyo k hk gultk K. ol hk gultk K hk nirrfolto so mfvfmo ol mis faukhos7 hk cftkm ehuyo k trkvæs mo Z; k hk gultk J, y hk itrk cftkm ehuyo k trkvæs mo hk gultk Z: k hk gultk g ultk N. nici hk rosfstolnfk mo timis his rosfstiros os faukh, li dky mfeorolnfk mo vihtkgo oltro hks gultks J y N y, pir nilsfaufolto, li dky ehugi mo nirrfolto k trkvæs mo Z?. Nuklmi li dky ehugi mo nirrfolto k trkvæs moh rosfstir moh noltri ol oh nfrnufti ol puolto, so mfno quo oh puolto ostë ‘oqufhfjrkmi–. Ol

osto ogocphi, hk nirrfolto ehuyo mo hk gultk J, k trkvæs mo Z> k hk gultk M. hk nirrfolto tkcjfæl ehuyo mo hk gultk N k trkvæs mo Z= k hk gultk M. Hk nirrfolto roarosk mosmo hk gultk M kh torcflkh pisftfvi mo hk pfhk, nicphotklmi oh nfrnufti.

>-> ]OCPOZK]_ZK V COMFNFIL MO ]OCPOZK]_ZK  „ FF

 

^oacolti ^oacolti >7 His motontiros torcic ætrfnis mo rosfstolnfk

Oh nfrnufti ol puolto quo kpkrono ol hk efaurk >-? os oh cfsci mo hk efaurk >-=, nil hk oxnopnfþl mo quo oh rosfstir Z> dk sfmi roocphkzkmi nil ul motontir torcicætrfni mo rosfstolnfk. Ol ostk nilefaurknfþl hk nirrfolto ehuyo tkcjfæl mosmo oh torcflkh loaktfvi mo hk pfhk k hks gultks J y N. ^fl ocjkrai, sf hk rosfstolnfk moh motontir torcicætrfni mo rosfstolnfk li os hk cfsck quo hk mo Z=, dkjrë ulk mfeorolnfk mo vihtkgo oltro hks gultks J y N. Osti quforo monfr quo oh puolto li ostë oqufhfjrkmi y quo hk nirrfolto ehufrë k trkvæs moh rosfstir Z?.

>-= ]OCPOZK]_ZK V COMFNFÞL MO ]OCPOZK]_ZK  „ FF

 

^oacolti ^oacolti >7 His motontiros torcicætrf nis mo rosfstolnfk

Oh ehugi mo hk nirrfolto k trkvæs moh puolto puomo comfrso sf so roocphkzk Z? nil ul comfmir, oh nukh motorcflk hk tocporkturk cfmfolmi oh ehugi mo nirrfolto, tkh nici hi cuostrk hk efaurk >-5. Pir su oxkntftum, osto tfpi mo nfrnuhi cundks vonos so usk nil ul motontir torcicætrfni mo rosfstolnfk pkrk comfr hk tocporkturk.

Nuklmi so utfhfzkl his motontiros torcicætrfnis mo rosfstolnfk pkrk comfr hk tocporkturk, eronuoltocolto e ronuoltocolto so hos nihink ol ul nfrnufti ohæntrfni nici oh quo kpkrono ol hk efaurk >-5. Ol cundis nksis, oh motontir so nihink kpkrto moh rosti moh nfrnufti pirquo ostë sugoti k hk tocporkturk moh prinosi. Nuklmi nkcjfk hk tocporkturk quo rimok oh motontir, hk rosfstolnfk mo æsto nkcjfk pripirnfilkhcolto y, nuklmi nkcjfk, oh puolto so mosoqufhfjrk y ehuyo ulk nirrfolto cosurkjho k trkvæs moh comfmir. Hk nirrfolto os pripirnfilkh kh nkcjfi mo tocporkturk. Hk tocporkturk moh prinosi puomo hoorso mfrontkcolto mo hk osnkhk moh comfmir. Ol khaulis nksis, hk osnkhk flmfnk rosfstolnfk ol huakr mo tocporkturk, oltilnos so puomo uskr ulk tkjhk pkrk nilvortfr idcfis k arkmis.

>-? ]OCPOZK]_ZK V COMFNFIL MO ]OCPOZK]_ZK  „ FF

 

^oacolti ^oacolti >7 His motontiros torcic ætrfnis mo rosfstolnfk

ZOPK^I MOH ^OACOL]I

>-;. Oh ohocolti solsir mo ul motontir torcicætrfni mo rosfstolnfk os >-:. Uormkmori i Ekhsi. Nuklmi hk tocporkturk kucoltk, hk rosfstolnfk mo ul motontir torcicætrfni mo rosfstolnfk mfscfluyo pripirnfilkhcolto. >->. Dkak ul nfrnuhi khromomir mo hk rospuostk nirrontk. His motontiros torcicætrfnis mo rosfstolnfk lonosftkl ulk euolto oxtorlk mo oloraãk pirquo7 k. j. n. m.

Oh nfrnufti ol puolto li os oqufhfjrkmi. His motontiros motontiros torcicætrfnis mo rosfstolnfk li puomol primunfr su pripfi vihtkgo. vihtkgo. Hk rosfstolnfk mo ul motontir torcicætrfni mo rosfstolnfk vkrãk. Lflaulk mo hks kltorfiros.

>-=. Hk efaurk sfaufolto, roprosoltk ul nãrnuhi nic÷l mo puolto nil motontir torcicætrfni mo rosfstolnfk. ^upilfolmi quo hk rosfstolnfk moh motontir torcicætrfni mo rosfstolnfk os faukh k hk rosfstolnfk mo his itris rosfstiros, y his rosfstiros Z;, Z:, Z>, Z= y Z? sil faukhos, trono ehondks pkrk flmfnkr hk trkyontirfk moh ehugi mo nirrfolto, mosmo oh torcflkh loaktfvi kh torcflkh pisftfvi mo hk pfhk.

>-?. Oh puolto moh ogocphi mkmi ol hk efaurk >-=, ostë

.

>-5. Dkak ul nãrnuhi khromomir mo hk rospuostk nirrontk. ^f nkcjfk hk tocporkturk moh motontir torcicætrfni mo rosfstolnfk mo hk proaultk >-=, k. j. n. m.

Oh puolto so mosoqufhfjrk Hk rosfstolnfk moh motontir torcicætrfni mo rosfstolnfk nkcjfk Ehuyo k trkvæs mo Z? ulk nirrfolto colsurkjho ]imks hks kltorfiros

>-5 ]OCPOZK]_ZK V COMFNFÞL MO ]OCPOZK]_ZK  „ FF

 

^oacolti ^oacolti =7 ]orcfs tiros

^oacolti ^o acolti =

]OZCF^]IZO^

IJGO]FUI^ MO O^]O ^OACOL]I ➪ 

OTPHFNKZ [_O O^ _L ]OZCF^]IZ. 

➪ 

NICPKZKZ V NIL]ZK^]KZ HI^ ]OZCF^]IZO^ NIL HI^ MO]ON]IZO^ ]OZCICO]ZFNI^ MO ZO^F^]OLNFK. 

Oh torcfstir os ul ohocolti solsir mo tocporkturk dondi mo ul cktorfkh socfnilmuntir. Knt÷k nici ul rosfstir pir quo os solsfjho k his nkcjfis mo tocporkturk. Oh licjro torcfstir os ulk niltrknnfþl mo rosfstir tærcfni-solsfjho. Oh cktorfkh socfnilmuntir os kquoh quo nilmuno hk ohontrfnfmkm cogir quo ul kfshklto, pori li tkcjfæl nici ul nilmuntir. Kh faukh quo his motontiros torcicætrfnis mo rosfstolnfk, his torcfstiros uskl his nkcjfis mo rosfstolnfk nici jkso pkrk comfr jkso pkrk comfr hk tocporkturk. ^fl ocjkrai, hk rosfstolnfk mo ul torcfstir os flvorskcolto pripirnfilkh k his nkcjfis mo tocporkturk, y li mfrontkcolto pripirnfilkh2 os monfr, nuklmi kucoltk hk tocporkturk khromomir mo torcfstir, mfscfluyo su rosfstolnfk y nuklmi hk tocporkturk mfscfluyo, hk rosfstolnfk kucoltk.

=-; ]OCPOZK]_ZK V COMFNFÞL MO ]OCPOZK]_ZK  „ FF ^oacolti ^oacolti =7 ]orcfs tiros

 

  ]klti his motontiros torcicætrfnis mo rosfstolnfk nici his torcfstiros so uskl ol nãrnuhis mo puolto, puos kcjis roknnfilkl k his nkcjfis mo tocporkturk ol tærcflis tærc flis mo nkcjfis ol hk rosfstolnfk. Hk efaurk =-; =- ; cuostrk ul nfrnuhi ol puolto nil ul torcfstir (·t). Ol ostk nilefaurknfþl, his rosfstiros Z;, Z: y Z= tfolol oh cfsci vkhir mo rosfstolnfk.

Ol osto nfrnufti, oh nkcjfi mo tocporkturk y hk rohknfþl flvorsk ol oh torcfstir torc fstir oltro tocporkturk y rosfstolnfk motorcflk hk mfronnfþl mo hk nirrfolto. Pir hi mocës, oh nfrnufti eulnfilkrk mo hk cklork provfkcolto mosnrftk ol oh nksi mo his motontiros torcicætrfnis mo rosfstolnfk. Nuklmi hk tocporkturk toc porkturk moh torcfstir nkcjfk, su rosfstolnfk nkcjfk y oh nfrnufti ol puolto so mosoqufhfjrk2 oltilnos ehuyo, k trkvæs moh comfmir, ulk nirrfolto colsurkjho, hk nirrfolto comfmk puomo trklseirckrso ol arkmis comfklto ul nukmri mo nilvorsfilos i ulk osnkhk moh comfmir. Mojfmi k sus socogklzks, his motontiros torcicætrfnis mo rosfstolnfk y his torcfstiros k columi so ocphokl ol comfmks mo tocporkturk socogkltos moltri mo hks flstkhknfilos flmustrfkhos. ^fl ocjkrai, os fcpirtklto quo so sopkl hks mfeorolnfks oltro torcfstiros y motontiros. His torcfstiros sil flvorskcolto  pripirnfilkhos k his nkcjfis mo tocporkturk, cfoltrks quo his motontiros torcicætrfnis mo rosfstolnfk hi sil mfrontkcolto. Kulquo his torcfstiros aolorkhcolto sil tkl oxkntis nici his motontiros torcicætrfnis mo rosfstolnfk pkrk nfortis cëraolos mo tocporkturk, toc porkturk, his torcfstiros aolorkhcolto so uskl pkrk comfr cëraolos cës jkgis. Pir ogocphi, oh motontir torcicætrfni mo rosfstolnfk puomo tolor ul khnklno mo ->:·E ->: ·E k 500·E (0·N k >;?·N), cfoltrks ul torcfstir torc fstir puomo tolor ul khnklno mo ;0·E k :00·E (-;:·N k 6=·N) y itri puomo tolor ul khnklno mo ;00·E k >00·E (>4··N k ;=6·N). Oh O h khnklno mo comfnfþl mo tocporkturk mo ul motorcflkmi torcfstir, mopolmo moh tkckûi y moh tfpi moh cktorfkh socfnilmuntir utfhfzkmi.

=-: ]OCPOZK]_ZK V COMFNFÞL MO ]OCPOZK]_ZK  „ FF ^oacolti ^oacolti =7 ]orcfs tiros

 

 

ZOPK^I MOH ^OACOL]I

=-;. Mfak nukhos sil hks mfeorolnfks eulmkcoltkhos ol oh eulnfilkcfolti mo his torcfstiros y his motontiros torcicætrfnis mo rosfstolnfk.

=-:. ¹[uæ os ul socfnilmuntir9

=->. Uormkmori i Ekhsi. His cëraolos mo tocporkturk quo cfmo ul torcfstir mopolmol moh tkckûi y tfpi moh cktorfkh socfnilmuntir uskmi.

=-=. Uormkmori i Ekhsi. Oh torcfstir aolorkhcolto cfmo ul ckraol mo tocporkturks cës kcphfi moh quo cfmo ul motontir torcicætrfni mo rosfstolnfk.

=->

 

]OCPOZK]_ZK V COMFNFÞL MO ]OCPOZK]_ZK  „ FF ^oacolti ^oacolti =7 ]orcfs tiros

=-=

 

]OCPOZK]_ZK V COMFNFÞL MO ]OCPOZK]_ZK  „ FF ^oacolti ^oacolti ?7 Ckltolfcfolti mo his motontiros torci cætrfnis m o rosfstolnfk

^oacolti ^o acolti ?

CKL]OLFCFOL]I MO HI^ MO]ON]IZO^ ]OZCICÆ]ZFNI^ MO ZO^F^]OLNFK IJGO]FUI^ MO O^]O ^OACOL]I ➪ 

OTPHFNKZ HK EFLKHFMKM MO HI^ KHKCJZO^ KMFNFILKHO^ OL HI^ MO]ON]IZO^ ]OZCICÆ]ZFNI^ MO ZO^F^]OLNFK MO ]ZO^ V N_K]ZI KHKCJZO^ 

➪ 

MO^NZFJFZ I MOCI^]ZKZ NICI ]INZK _LK COMFMK MO ZO^F^]OLNFK OL _L MO]ON]IZ ]OZCICÆ]ZFNI MO ZO^F^]OLNFK _]FHFWKLMI _L P_OL]O MO ZO^F^]OLNFK^ MO PZONF^FÞL. 

➪ 

MO^NZFJFZ I MOCI^]ZKZ NICI ^O ZO]FZK V ZOOCPHKWK _L MO]ON]IZ ]OZCICÆ]ZFNI MO ZO^F^]OLNFK OL _L PIWI ]ÆZCFNI.  

Vk so dk colnfilkmi quo his motontiros torcicætrfnis mo rosfstolnfk y his torcfstiros sil socogkltos ol eulnfilkcfolti y ol mfsoûi y, pir nilsfaufolto, cundis mo his prinomfcfoltis mo ckltolfcfolti sil socogkltos. Kulquo his cætimis mo ckltolfcfolti trktkmis ol ostk sonnfþl so roeforol osponãefnkcolto k his motontiros torcicætrfnis mo rosfstolnfk, ol cundis nksis tkcjfæl puomol ocphokrso pkrk oh ckltolfcfolti mo his torcfstiros.

?.; ?.; Motontir Motontir torcicætrfni mo rosfstolnfk mo tr tros os khk khkcjros cjros _li mo his motontiros torcicætrfnis mo rosfstolnfk cks uskmis ol his prinosis mo ulk phkltk os oh motontir torcicætrfni mo rosfstolnfk mo tros khkcjros. Ol nicpkrknfþl nil oh motontir jësfni mo mis khkcjros trktkmi kltorfircolto, oh motontir mo tros khkcjros tfolo ul khkcjro cës pkrk nicpolskr his nkcjfis mo rosfstolnfk quo puomol keontkr hk pronfsfþl mo hks comfmks mo tocporkturk. Oh khkcjro kmfnfilkh nicpolsk hk hilaftum moh khkcjro quo vk kh motontir.

?-;

 

]OCPOZK]_ZK V COMFNFÞL MO ]OCPOZK]_ZK  „ FF ^oacolti ^oacolti ?7 Ckltolfcfolti mo his motontiros torci cætrfnis m o rosfstolnfk

His motontiros torcicætrfnis mo rosfstolnfk eronuoltocolto ostël sugotis k ul ehufmi moh prinosi sftukmi hogis moh rosti moh nfrnufti ol puolto. Pir nilsfaufolto, his khkcjros khkc jros quo nilontkl oh motontir kh nfrnufti cundks vonos sil cës c ës hkrais quo his khkcjros quo nilontkl his itris rosfstiros kh nfrnufti. Hk hilaftum mo his khkcjros moh motontir puomo kucoltkr hk rosfstolnfk mo hk pkrto moh nfrnufti quo nirrospilmo kh motontir y mosoqufhfjrkr oh puolto y, sf osti inurro, hk nirrfolto ehufrë k trkvæs moh comfmir, keontklmi ol eirck orrþlok hk comfmk mo hk tocporkturk. Oh tornor khkcjro mo ul motontir torcicætrfni mo rosfstolnfk mo tros khkcjros nicpolsk hk rosfstolnfk kmfnfilkh ol hk pkrto moh nfrnufti milmo ostë oh motontir. Oh tornor khkcjro tfolo cës i colis hk cfsck hilaftum quo oh khkcjro moh ‘Jrkzi ;– moh nfrnufti cistrkmi ol hk efaurk ? -;, y dkno quo oh ‘Jrkzi;– y oh ‘Jrkzi :– tolak kprixfckmkcolto hk cfsck rosfstolnfk. Nici rosuhtkmi, his nkcjfis ol oh ehugi mo nirrfolto k trkvæs moh comfmir sorël sihkcolto nkuskmis pir his nkcjfis mo tocporkturk khromomir moh motontir. Ostk eirck mo nicpolsknfþl dkno quo his motontiros torcicætrfnis mo rosfstolnfk mo tros khkcjros sokl cës pronfsis quo his mo mis.

?.: ?.: Motontiros Motontiros ttorcicætrfnis orcicætrfnis mo rosfstolnfk mo nu ktri khkcjros ^o utfhfzkl motontiros torcicætrfnis mo rosfstolnfk mo nuktri khkcjros ÷lfnkcolto nuklmi so lonosftk oxtrock pronfsfþl. Ostis sil cundi cës pronfsis quo his motontiros mo tros khkcjros pirquo tfolol mis khkcjros nicpolsktirfis ol voz mo uli. Jësfnkcolto, oh motontir torcicætrfni mo rosfstolnfk mo nuktri khkcjros ostë nilontkmi mo tkh cklork quo oh motontir prfcori sok comfi nil ul khkcjro mo nicpolsknfþl y huoai nilcutkmi y comfmi nil oh itri khkcjro. Ostks comfmks c omfmks lirckhcolto so molicflkl comfmks ‘lirckh– y ‘niltrkrfk– moh puolto.

?-:

 

]OCPOZK]_ZK V COMFNFÞL MO ]OCPOZK]_ZK  „ FF ^oacolti ^oacolti ?7 Ckltolfcfolti mo his motontiros torci cætrfnis m o rosfstolnfk

Hk efaurk ?-: cuostrk ul motontir mo nuktri khkcjros nilontkmi ol ul nfrnufti ol puolto. Pkrk hk prfcork comfmk i hk comfmk ‘lirckh– (efaurk ? -:K), so nilontkl his khkcjros ;, > y = kh puolto. Mospuæs, comfklto ul nilcutkmir, oh motontir so rotfrk o flvforto ol oh puolto pkrk hk soaulmk comfmk i hk comfmk ‘niltrkrfk– (efaurk ? -:J). ol hk pisfnfþl niltrkrfk, his khkcjros ;2 : y = so nilontkl kh puolto.

Puosti quo his mis khkcjros mo nicpolsknfþl porcftol ckyir c kyir pronfsfþl quo sf so tick nkmk uli mo his khkcjros pir sopkrkmi, hks comfmks niltrkrfk y lirckh so suckl y oh titkh so mfvfmo pir mis pkrk ijtolor ulk comfmk pricomfi pkrk oh motontir.

?->

 

]OCPOZK]_ZK V COMFNFÞL MO ]OCPOZK]_ZK  „ FF ^oacolti ^oacolti ?7 Ckltolfcfolti mo his motontiros torci cætrfnis m o rosfstolnfk

?.> ?.> Flstkhknfþl Flstkhknfþl y pruojk mo ul motontir torcicætrf ni mo rosfst rosfstolnfk olnfk mo nuk nuktri tri khkcjros Ol cundks phkltks, his motontiros torcicætrfnis mo rosfstolnfk so flstkhkl ol pizis tærcfnis quo dkl sfmi kmkptkmis pkrk su usi. Mospuæs mo dkjor propkrkmi his khkcjros moh motontir, aolorkhcolto aolork hcolto so fltrimuno pir hk nujfortk quo os ulk pkrto ol eirck mo nipk quo pritoao k his torcflkhos niltrk oh comfi kcjfolto. Oh pksi sfaufolto nilsfsto ol nilnrotkr his khkcjros kh motontir, ckltolfolmi hk pihkrfmkm. ^f osti li so dkno, so primunfrë ulk honturk fcpronfsk. Pkrk nilsorvkr hk pihkrfmkm, pihkr fmkm, his khkcjros pisftfvis y loaktfvis moh motontir tfolol quo nilontkrso nil his torcflkhos nirrospilmfoltos ol oh motontir. Li oxfsto ulk lirck pkrk nhksfefnkr his nihiros his khkcjros moh motontir torcicætrfni mo rosfstolnfk, nici os oh nksi pkrk his torcipkros2 sfl ocjkrai, hk pihkrfmkm mo his khkcjros so puomo motorcflkr nilsuhtklmi oh mfkarkck osquocëtfni moh nfrnufti osponãefni moh motontir torcicætrfni mo rosfstolnfk quo so ostë usklmi. Cks k÷l, his torcflkhos moh motontir torcicætrfni mo rosfstolnfk eronuoltocolto ostël nimfefnkmis nil nihiros i ostël ckrnkmis nil ul sfali (+) i ul sfali (-) pkrk soûkhkr hk pihkrfmkm. Hk efaurk ?-> cuostrk ul motontir mo nuktri khkcjros nil his torcflkhos ckrnkmis nil (+) y (-). Ijsærvoso quo osto motontir tfolo mis torcflkhos pisftfvis y mis torcflkhos loaktfvis. Nuklmi so nilontol his khkcjros k his torcflkhos, nukhqufor khkcjro pisftfvi puomo nilontkrso nil nukhqufor torcflkh pisftfvi, y nukhqufor khkcjro loaktfvi nil nukhqufor torcflkh loaktfvi. Ol his motontiros torcicætrfnis mo rosfstolnfk mo tros i nuktri khkcjros, hk pihkrfmkm os fcpirtklto pkrk olvfkr his nirtis ol oh nfrnufti moh motontir. Ol his motontiros torcicætrfnis mo rosfstolnfk mo mis khkcjros, li fcpirtk hk pihkrfmkm, yk quo ostis motontiros li puomol pilor ol nirti kh nfrnufti.

?-=

 

]OCPOZK]_ZK V COMFNFÞL MO ]OCPOZK]_ZK  „ FF ^oacolti ^oacolti ?7 Ckltolfcfolti mo his motontiros torci cætrfnis m o rosfstolnfk

Mospuæs mo dkjor nilontkmi his khkcjros moh motontir k his torcflkhos nirrospilmfoltos ol oh motontir, so sujo hk nujfortk moh motontir sijro his torcflkhos y so ksoaurk. Nil osti so nilnhuyo hk flstkhknfþl y kdirk so puomo prijkr oh motontir. Oh prfcor pksi ol hk pruojk mo ul motontir torcicætrfni mo rosfstolnfk nilsfsto ol nilontkr his khkcjros moh motontir nil ul flstrucolti pkrk comfr hk rosfstolnfk. _li mo ostis flstrucoltis os ul puolto mo rosfstolnfk mo pronfsfþl (efaurk ?-=) quo os ul flstrucolti flstruc olti quo puomo comfr hk rosfstolnfk nil ul khti arkmi mo pronfsfþl y nuyi nfrnufti ohæntrfni os osolnfkhcolto oh cfsci quo his nfrnuftis ol puolto vfstis kltorfircolto.

Nuklmi so dkyk nilontkmi his khkcjros moh motontir nil oh puolto, so nilontkl his mis khkcjros pisftfvis nil his mis jirlos pisftfvis y his mis khkcjros loaktfvis nil his mis jirlos loaktfvis. Hks niloxfilos nirrontks so cuostrkl ol hk efaurk ?-?.

?-?

 

]OCPOZK]_ZK V COMFNFÞL MO ]OCPOZK]_ZK  „ FF ^oacolti ^oacolti ?7 Ckltolfcfolti mo his motontiros torci cætrfnis m o rosfstolnfk

Nuklmi so utfhfzk ul puolto mo rosfstolnfks mo pronfsfþl pkrk ijtolor ulk comfmk mo rosfstolnfk, oh puolto tfolo quo ostkr oqufhfjrkmi. Osti so hiark comfklto oh kgusto mo hks porfhhks mo rosfstolnfk (efaurk ?-5) soa÷l ulk sonuolnfk osponãefnk, dkstk quo so hok nori ol oh comfmir mo oqufhfjrfi.

?-5

 

]OCPOZK]_ZK V COMFNFÞL MO ]OCPOZK]_ZK  „ FF ^oacolti ^oacolti ?7 Ckltolfcfolti mo his motontiros t orcicætrfnis mo rosfstolnfk

Pir prinomfcfolti, flfnfkhcolto oh puolto so nihink ol su cëxfck rosfstolnfk. Mospuæs so jkgk hk porfhhk mo cëxfck rosfstolnfk dkstk quo oh comfmir mo oqufhfjrfi quomo k trkvæs mo hk pisfnfþl nori. Mospuæs, oh rosfstir so sujo k ulk pisfnfþl y so ropfto ol irmol oh cfsci prinomfcfolti nil nkmk ulk mo hks porfhhks mo hks rosfstolnfks, dkstk quo oh comfmir flmfquo nori (efaurk ?-1). Kquã oh puolto ostkrë oqufhfjrkmi.

?-1

 

]OCPOZK]_ZK V COMFNFÞL MO ]OCPOZK]_ZK  „ FF ^oacolti ^oacolti ?7 Ckltolfcfolti mo his motontiros torci cætrfnis m o rosfstolnfk

Nuklmi oh puolto quomo oqufhfjrkmi, so puomo hoor hk rosfstolnfk moh motontir ol his l÷coris niltfauis k hks porfhhks mo hks rosfstolnfks. Hk efaurk ?-4 cuostrk ulk comfmk mo rosfstolnfk mo :=6,6x idcfis (hk ‘x– roprosoltk ul lucori quo os ckyir quo 6 pori colir quo ;0). Ijsorvo oh pulti monfckh ol oh comfmir oltro : y oh =. Ol osto nksi, oh cuhtfphfnkmir moh fltorruptir sohontir so nihink ol ;00, hi nukh primuno ulk comfmk mo :=6,6 idcfis. Hk tocporkturk nirrospilmfolto puomo motorcflkrso comfklto ul nukmri mo nilvorsfþl i comfklto ulk eircuhk cktocëtfnk.

Nuklmi li so lonosfto cundk pronfsfþl, os pisfjho ijtolor ulk honturk mo tocporkturk mo ul motontir utfhfzklmi ul krroahi mo ul idcãcotri i ul cuhtècotri pkrk honturk mo rosfstolnfk y mospuæs trklseircklmi hk honturk mo rosfstolnfk ol tocporkturk.

?.= ?.= Zotfri Zotfri y roocphkzi mo his motontiros torcicætrfnis mo rosfstolnfk ol his pizis tærcfnis t ærcfnis ^f ul motontir torcicætrfni mo rosfstolnfk so kjro i eirck nirtinfrnufti, tolmrë quo sor roocphkzkmi. ^o puomo mo tontkr quo dk inurrfmi ul nirti ol oh motontir nuklmi so ijtfolo ulk comfmk mo rosfstolnfk suckcolto jkgk2 uli kjforti so puomo motontkr nuklmi so ijtfolo ulk comfmk mo rosfstolnfk suckcolto khtk.

?-4

 

]OCPOZK]_ZK V COMFNFÞL MO ]OCPOZK]_ZK  „ FF ^oacolti ^oacolti ?7 Ckltolfcfolti mo his motontir os torcicætrfnis mo rosfstolnfk

Kulquo oh prinomfcfolti pkrk rotfrkr y roocphkzkr his motontiros torcicætrfnis mo rosfstolnfk ol his pizis tærcfnis, os rohktfvkcolto sfcpho, dky nfortis pksis fcpirtkltos fcpirtkltos y pronkunfilos quo so mojol ijsorvkr. Pkrk rotfrkr ul motontir torcicætrfni mo rosfstolnfk mo ul pizi tærcfni, oh prfcor pksi nilsfsto ol rotfrkr hk nujfortk moh torcflkh pkrk hiarkr knnosi k his torcflkhos mo his khkcjros. Mospuæs so mosnilontkl his khkcjros mo his torcflkhos torc flkhos moh motontir y, nuklmi osti so hhovk k nkji, so mojo klitkr ol pkpoh hk pihkrfmkm mo his torcflkhos y mo his khkcjros i mojol rituhkrso his khkcjros mo niloxfþl. Oh motontir torcicætrfni mo rosfstolnfk so puomo rotfrkr moh pizi tærcfni mospuæs mo dkjor mosnilontkmi his khkcjros. Osti mojo dknorso nil nufmkmi pkrk ovftkr mkûis kh pizi. ]kcjfæl, nici his pizis tærcfnis sil jkstkltos nkhfoltos, so ronicfolmk quo murklto ostk iporknfþl so usol aukltos rosfstoltos kh nkhir. Nuklmi so flstkhk ul motontir torcicætrfni mo rosfstolnfk ol ul pizi tærcfni, so ho mojo fltrimunfr nil arkl nufmkmi pkrk ovftkr quo oh motontir torcicætrfni mo rosfstolnfk so mijho y so mkûo. Mospuæs mo dkjor nihinkmi oh motontir ol su huakr, so kprfotk euortocolto nil ulk hhkvo y huoai so pkskl his khkcjros k trkvæs mo hk nujfortk moh torcflkh y so nilontkl k his rospontfvis torcflkhos moh motontir torcicætrfni mo rosfstolnfk, nilsorvklmi hk pihkrfmkm. Pir uhtfci, hk nujfortk so vuohvo k nihinkr ol su sftfi y so ksoaurk nil poquoûis tirlfhhis.

?-6

 

]OCPOZK]_ZK V COMFNFÞL MO ]OCPOZK]_ZK  „ FF ^oacolti ^oacolti ?7 Ckltolfcfolti mo his motontiros torci cætrfnis m o rosfstolnfk

ZOPK^I MOH ^OACOL]I

?-;. ¹Nuëh os hk eflkhfmkm moh tornor khkcjro ol ul motontir torcicætrfni mo rosfstolnfk mo tros khkcjros9 ?-:. Uormkmori i Ekhsi. His motontiros torcicætrfnis mo rosfstolnfk mo tros khkcjros aolorkhcolto sil cës pronfsis quo his mo nuktri khkcjros. ?->. _lk mo hks nilsonuolnfks pisfjhos mo nilontkr his khkcjros mo ul motontir torcicætrfni mo rosfstolnfk mo tros y nuktri khkcjros k his torcflkhos moh motontir flnirrontis, os ?-=. Dkak ul nfrnuhi khromomir mo hk rospuostk nirrontk. _l puolto mo rosfstolnfks mo pronfsfþl so oqufhfjrk k. Kgustklmi ol irmol irmol hks porfhhks mo rosfstolnfk dkstk quo oh oh comfmir mo oqufhfjrfi flmfquo nori. j. Kgustklmi irmol hks porfhhks mo rosfstolnfk dkstk quo oh comfmir mo oqufhfjrfi flmfquo hk comfmk mo cëxfck rosfstolnfkol mohirmol nfrnufti. n. Hoyolmi his l÷coris niltfauis niltfauis k hhks ks porfhhks mo rosfstolnfk. m. Lflaulk mo hks kltorfiros. ?-?. Uormkmori i Ekhsi. Pkrk rotfrkr ul motontir torcicætrfni mo rosfstolnfk mo ul pizi tærcfni, so ronicfolmk uskr aukltos rosfstoltos kh nkhir.

?-;0

 

]OCPOZK]_ZK V COMFNFÞL MO ]OCPOZK]_ZK  „ FF ^oacolti ^oacolti 57 ^olsiros fle rkrrigis mo tocporkturk

^oacolti ^o acolti 5

^OL^IZO^ ^OL^IZ O^ FLEZKZZIGI^ MO ]OCPOZK]_ZK

IJGO]FUI^ MO O^]O ^OACOL]I ➪ 

FMOL]FEFNKZ HK^ PKZ]O^ PZFLNFPKHO^ MO _L ^OL^IZ FLEZKZZIGI FLEZKZZIGI MO ]OCPOZK]_ZK.  

➪ 

OTPHFNKZ OH E_LNFILKCFOL]I MO _L ^OL^IZ FLEZKZZIGI FLEZKZZIGI MO ]OCPOZK]_ZK.  

➪ 

MO^NZFJFZ HK^ UOL]KGK^ MO HI^ ^OL^IZO^ FLEZKZZIGI^ MO ]OCPOZK]_ZK OL KPHFNKNFILO^ FLM_^]ZFKHO^. 

Kulquo his solsiros flerkrrigis mo tocporkturk sil ul kmohklti rohktfvkcolto ronfolto ol oh nkcpi mo hk comfnfþl mo tocporkturk, su usi dk fmi aklklmi torroli ol hks flstkhknfilos flmustrfkhos, mojfmi k su pronfsfþl y nilvolfolnfk. Nici inurro nil his mocës flstrucoltis pkrk comfr hk tocporkturk nujfortis ol ostk ulfmkm, his solsiros flerkrrigis tkcjfæl utfhfzkl hk ohontrfnfmkm nici jkso pkrk comfr hk tocporkturk.

Os ul eolþcoli lkturkh quo timis his ijgotis ocftol rkmfknfþl flerkrrigk ol pripirnfþl k su tocporkturk. Hk rkmfknfþl flerkrrigk os ulk huz flvfsfjho pir mojkgi mo hk huz rigk ol oh ospontri ohontrickalætfni. Oh solsir flerkrrigi mo tocporkturk motontk hk rkmfknfþl ocftfmk pir oh ijgoti y hk trklseirck ol ulk flmfnknfþl mo tocporkturk. Osolnfkhcolto, oh solsir flerkrrigi roniao hk rkmfknfþl y hk trklseirck ol soûkh ohæntrfnk quo, k su voz, so prinosk y so prosoltk ol vkhiros lucærfnis ol arkmis (Ekdroldoft i Noltãarkmis).

5-;

 

]OCPOZK]_ZK V COMFNFÞL MO ]OCPOZK]_ZK  „ FF ^oacolti ^oacolti 57 ^olsiros fle rkrrigis mo tocporkturk

5.; 5.; Nkrknto Nkrkntorãstfnks rãstfnks prf lnfpkhos moh eulnf ilkcfolti mo ul solsir f lerkrrigi mo tocpork tocporkturk turk Hk efaurk 5-; os ul mfjugi sfcphfefnkmi mo ul solsir flerkrrigi mo tocporkturk y mo ul ijgoti nkhfolto. Hks pkrtos prflnfpkhos mo his ohocoltis flerkrrigis sil7 ul holto, ul motontir y ulk flmfnknfþl vfsukh mo hk tocporkturk. Oh holto nkptk hk rkmfknfþl flerkrrigk ocftfmk pir oh ijgoti y hk oleink dknfk oh motontir.

Oh motontir mo ul solsir flerkrrigi mo tocporkturk puomo sor ul cktorfkh socfnilmuntir, ul torcipkr i ulk torcipfhk. Oh motontir mo torcipfhk. Oh motontir mo torcipfhk (efaurk 5-:) 5- :) jësfnkcolto os ul arupi mo torcipkros nilontkmis oltro sf, ol ul nfrnufti ol sorfo.

5-:

 

]OCPOZK]_ZK V COMFNFÞL MO ]OCPOZK]_ZK  „ FF ^oacolti ^oacolti 57 ^olsiros fle rkrrigis mo tocporkturk

Nuklmi so nkhfoltk oh motontir mo ul solsir flerkrrigi mo tocporkturk, toc porkturk, so primuno ul vihtkgo (ol oh nksi mo ul motontir mo torcipkr i mo torcipfhk) i nkcjfk hk rosfstolnfk (ol oh nksi mo ul motontir socfnilmuntir). Oh vihtkgo i oh nkcjfi mo rosfstolnfk so puomol trklseirckr ol ulk flmfnknfþl nirrospilmfolto mo tocporkturk ol ul comfmir i osnkhk. ^f so mfscfluyo hk tocporkturk mo ul ijgoti, ocfto colis rkmfknfþl flerkrrigk7 ol osto nksi, oh nkcjfi mo rosfstolnfk i mo hk soûkh mo vihtkgo ocftfmk pir oh motontir sorë flmfnkmk nici ulk mfscflunfþl mo tocporkturk.

5.: 5.: _si mo ul solsir flerkrrigi fler krrigi mo tocporkturk Hk efaurk 5-> cuostrk ul vormkmori solsir flerkrrigi mo tocporkturk, hhkckmi nic÷lcolto pfstihk flerkrrigk. Pkrk motorcflkr hk tocporkturk mo ul ijgoti, so kpultk dknfk æh y so kprfotk oh aktfhhi. Hk tocporkturk kpkrono ol hk flmfnknfþl vfsukh moh flstrucolti. _l jitþl ol hk pfstihk sohonnfilk hk osnkhk Ekdroldoft i Noltãarkmk.

Hk mfstklnfk oltro oh solsir y oh ijgoti li keontk ke ontk hk prosolnfk mo hk honturk. ^fl ocjkrai, hk pfstihk so mojo uskr moltri mo his cëraolos ostfpuhkmis pir oh ekjrfnklto. Ksfcfsci, oltro ckyir sok hk mfstklnfk oltro oh ijgoti nuyk tocporkturk so ostë cfmfolmi y hk pfstihk, ckyir sorë hk zilk quo so oxkcflk.

5->

 

]OCPOZK]_ZK V COMFNFÞL MO ]OCPOZK]_ZK  „ FF ^oacolti ^oacolti 57 ^olsiros fle rkrrigis mo tocporkturk

Khaulks pfstihks tfolol oh conklfsci mo ul aktfhhi nil mis pisfnfilos. Hk prfcork pisfnfþl, nil oh aktfhhi kprotkmi dkstk hk cftkm so usk pkrk oxphirkr hk suporefnfo mo ulk zilk nil vkrfks tocporkturks. Ol ostk pisfnfþl, hk comfmk ol hk flmfnknfþl vfsukh nkcjfk nuklmi so motontkl tocporkturks mfstfltks. Ostk pisfnfþl so ocphok pkrk motorcflkr tocporkturks rohktfvks mo his ijgotis. Hk soaulmk pisfnfþl  „ nil oh aktfhhi nicphotkcolto kprotkmi  „  so usk pkrk motontkr hk tocporkturk cks khtk moh ijgoti quo so ostë cfmfolmi. Nil oh aktfhhi ol ostk pisfnfþl, hk comfmk ol hk flmfnknfþl vfsukh noskrk mo nkcjfkr ol nuklti sok motontkmk hk tocporkturk cks khtk moh ijgoti. Hk soaulmk pisfnfþl so molicflk pisfnfþl ‘rotolomirk moh pfni– . Itrk nkrkntorãstfnk mo cundks pfstihks flerkrrigks os ul nilcutkmir mo ocfvfsfmkm (efaurk 5-=) quo nicpolsk hk rkmfknfþl flerkrrigk roehogkmk quo puomo keontkr hk pronfsfþl mo hk comfmk c omfmk mo tocporkturk. His ijgotis roehogkl rkmfknfþl flerkrrigk privolfolto mo itris ijgotis, k hk voz quo ocftol hk suyk pripfk. ^fl ocjkrai, oc jkrai, hk rkmfknfþl flerkrrigk roehogkmk li flmfnk hk vormkmork tocporkturk moh ijgoti comfmi, y oh motontir li puomo mfstflaufr oltro hk roehogkmk y hk ocftfmk, kh colis quo so kgusto oh nilcutkmir mo m o ocfvfsfmkm pkrk oh ijgoti osponãefni quo so ostë cfmfolmi. Hk ckyirãk c kyirãk mo his ekjrfnkltos mo motontiros flerkrrigis sucflfstrkl ul nukmri quo pripirnfilk his vkhiros mo ocfvfsfmkm pkrk hks suporefnfos comfmks nic÷lcolto.

5.> 5.> Motontiros Motontiros fle flerkrrigis rkrrigis mo tocpork tocporkturk turk ol hk flm ustrf k Oh usi mo motontiros flerkrrigis mo tocporkturk ostë ol hks phkltks, mojfmi k quo sil cundis cës prëntfnis y soauris quo itris tfpis mo motontiros. Pir ogocphi, hks pfstihks flerkrrigks sil pirtëtfhos, pir hi quo puomol utfhfzkrso sfl lonosfmkm mo mosciltkr y roflstkhkr his flstrucoltis nkmk quo so tfolo quo comfr hk tocporkturk mo ul prinosi mfeorolto. Kmocës, nil ul solsir mo tocporkturk flerkrrigi, flerkrr igi, so puomo comfr hk tocporkturk mo his ijgotis sfl lonosfmkm mo dknor niltknti mfronti nil ohhis (efaurk 5-?), yk quo li uskl ohocoltis solsiros tkhos nici oh juhji mo ul torcþcotri, ul torcipkr, i ul motontir torcicætrfni mo rosfstolnfk.

5-=

 

]OCPOZK]_ZK V COMFNFÞL MO ]OCPOZK]_ZK  „ FF ^oacolti ^oacolti 57 ^olsiros fle rkrrigis mo tocporkturk

His solsiros flerkrrigis mo tocporkturk puomol comfr nil pronfsfþl tocporkturks mo dkstk kprixfckmkcolto :000·E (;06>·N), hi nukh os ul ckraol cës kcphfi quo oh mo cundis itris flstrucoltis flmustrfkhos mo comfnfþl y tocporkturk. His solsiros flerkrrigis mo tocporkturk, lirckhcolto so utfhfzkl pkrk vorfefnkr hks honturks mo tocporkturks mo itris flstrucoltis mo hk phkltk.

5-?

 

]OCPOZK]_ZK V COMFNFÞL MO ]OCPOZK]_ZK  „ FF ^oacolti ^oacolti 57 ^olsiros fle rkrrigis mo tocporkturk

Oh nkhir oxnosfvi os, nil eronuolnfk, ulk soûkh mo quo oxfsto ul ckh eulnfilkcfolti i flnhusfvo ul pohfari ol cundis sfstocks mo hk phkltk. Hk pfstihk flerkrrigk puomo sor ulk kyumk vkhfisãsfck ol hk fmoltfefnknfþl mo ekhhks mo sfstocks, ol hks quo oh nkhir oxnosfvi puomk sor ul prijhock. Pir ogocphi, ul tænlfni puomo uskr ulk pfstihk flerkrrigk pkrk hinkhfzkr ul pulti nkhfolto ol ul tkjhori mo nfrnuftis (efaurk 5-5) sfl lonosfmkm mo nirtkr hk oloraãk ohæntrfnk i trkjkgkr nornk mo pohfarisis nicpiloltos ohæntrfnis.

]kcjfæl so puomo utfhfzkr ulk pfstihk flerkrrigk pkrk motorcflkr sf hk tocporkturk moh nigfloto mo ulk ckquflk afrktirfk ostk mocksfkmi nkhfolto, ol rokhfmkm, oh solsir flerkrrigi mo tocporkturk os ul flstrucolti quo sfrvo pkrk fmoltfefnkr ekhhks mo oqufpis quo tolakl pkrtos cþvfhos, yk quo so puomk ocphokr pkrk comfr ol eirck soaurk hk tocporkturk mo osks pkrtos.

5-5

 

]OCPOZK]_ZK V COMFNFÞL MO ]OCPOZK]_ZK  „ FF ^oacolti ^oacolti 57 ^olsiros fle rkrrigis mo tocporkturk

ZOPK^I MOH ^OACOL]I

5-;. Uormkmori i Ekhsi. ]imis his ijgotis ocftol rkmfknfþl flerkrrigk ol pripirnfþl k su tocporkturk. 5-:. Olucoro tros tfpis mo motontiros utfhfzkmis ol his solsiros flerkrrigis mo tocporkturk. ;.

.

:.

.

>.

5->. Dkak ul nfrnuhi khromomir mo hk rospuostk nirrontk. _lk torcipfhk os ul nilgulti mo7 k. j. n. m.

]orcipkros nilontkmis ol ul nfrnufti ol pkrkhohi. ^ocfnilmuntiros nilontkmis ol ul nfrnufti ol pkrkhohi. ]orcipkros nilontkmis ol ul nfrnufti ol sorfo. ^ocfnilmuntiros nilontkmis ol ul nfrnufti ol sorfo.

5-=. Uormkmori i Ekhsi. Nuklmi kucoltk hk mfstklnfk oltro hk pfstihk flerkrrigk y oh ijgoti nuyk tocporkturk so ostë cfmfolmi, mfscfluyo hk pronfsfþl mo hk pfstihk, flmopolmfoltocolto mo hk mfstklnfk irfaflkh. 5-?. ¹Nuëh os hk eflkhfmkm moh fltorruptir mo ocfvfsfmkm ol ul solsir flerkrrigi mo tocporkturk9 5-5 Dkak ul nfrnuhi khromomir mo hk rospuostk nirrontk. Hk pisfnfþl rotolomirk mo pfni ol ulk pfstihk flerkrrigk so usk pkrk motorcflkr. k. j. n. m.

Hk tocporkturk rohktfvk mo mfeoroltos ijgotis. Hk rkmfknfþl roehogk. Hk tocporkturk cës khtk mo ul ijgoti. Hk ocfvfsfmkm.

5-1

 

]OCPOZK]_ZK V COMFNFÞL MO ]OCPOZK]_ZK  „ FF ^oacolti ^oacolti 57 ^olsiros fle rkrrigis mo tocporkturk

5-4

 

]OCPOZK]_ZK V COMFNFÞL MO ]OCPOZK]_ZK  „ FF Ahiskrfi

AHI^KZFI Osto ahiskrfi niltfolo tærcflis rohknfilkmis nil oh ostumfi y comfnfþl mo tocporkturk y mk oh sfalfefnkmi mo his tærcflis soa÷l oso niltoxti.

Nkgk mo gultks

Nfrnufti ol puolto

Nilcutkmir mo ocfvfsfmkm

Mfspisftfvi uskmi ol nfrnuftis ohæntrfnis nilontkr khkcjros sfl keontkr lflaulk mo hks pkrk pripfomkmos ohæntrfnks osolnfkhcolto moh nfrnufti2 aolorkhcolto so uskl nuklmi oh khkcjro nilontir li os suefnfoltocolto hkrai pkrk oxtolmorhi pir timi oh nfrnufti. _l nfrnufti ohæntrfni quo so usk eronuoltocolto nil motontiros torcicætrfnis mo rosfstolnfk pkrk comfr tocporkturks2 lirckhcolto nilstk mo nflni rosfstiros y nuktri gultks, nil uli mo his rosfstiros dknfolmi puolto oltro mis mo hks gultks. Ohocolti mo cundis solsiros flerkrrigis mo tocporkturk quo nicpolsk hk rkmfknfþl flerkrrigk roehogk quo puomo keontkr hk pronfsfþl mo ulk comfmk mo tocporkturk.

Motontir torcicætrfni mo rosfstolnfk

_l solsir mo nici tocporkturk nkcjfis mo ohæntrfni rosfstolnfk, hk jksoquo pkrkocphok comfr tocporkturk (]kcjfæl nilinfmk pir sus flãnfkhos ol flahos Z]M i ol nkstohhkli M]Z).

Motontir torcicætrfni mo rosfstolnfk mo nuktri khkcjros

Motontir torcicætrfni mo rosfstolnfk nil mis khkcjros kmfnfilkhos pkrk nicpolskr hk hilaftum moh khkcjro quo vk kh motontir2 so usk nuklmi so mosok oxtrock pronfsfþl.

Motontir torcicætrfni mo rosfstolnfk mo tros khkcjros Arkmi Osnkhk Nohsfus i Noltãarkmk

Osnkhk Ekdroldoft

Motontir torcicætrfni mo rosfstolnfk nil ul khkcjro kmfnfilkh pkrk nicpolskr hk hilaftum moh khkcjro quo vk kh motontir2 oh tornor khkcjro dkno quo his motontiros torcicætrfnis mo rosfstolnfk mo tros khkcjros sokl cks pronfsis quo his mo his mis khkcjros. _lfmkm mo comfmk mo tocporktur tocporkturk. k. Osnkhk mo comfnfþl mo tocporkturk nkhfjrkmk mo tkh cklork quo oh pulti mo nilaohknfþl moh kauk sok 0·Ny oh mo ojuhhfnfþl ;00·N. Osnkhk mo comfnfþl mo tocporkturk nkhfjrkmk mo tkh cklork quo oh pulti mo nilaohknfþl moh kauk sok >:·E y oh mo ojuhhfnfþl ;00·N.

A-; ]OCPOZK]_ZK V COMFNFÞL MO ]OCPOZK]_ZK  „ FF Ahiskrfi

Gultk

Pulti mo niloxfþl mo ul nfrnufti ohæntrfni. Ol oh nfrnufti mo ul torcipkr, hks gultks so eirckl ol oh huakr ol quo mis cotkhos mfeoroltos dknol niltknti y

 

Gultk mo comfnfþl

Gultk mo roeorolnfk

Cuhtècotri Idcãcotri

ol oh quo his khkcjros moh torcipkr so nilontkl k ul comfmir. Gultk mo ul nfrnufti mo torcipkr, aolorkhcolto sugotk k hk tocporkturk mo ul prinosi. Oh vihtkgo primunfmi pir hk gultk nkcjfk pripirnfilkhcolto k hk tocporkturk comfk. ]imk gultk mo cotkhos mfstfltis ol ul nfrnufti mo torcipkr quo li ostë sugotk k hk tocporkturk mo ul prinosi. Oh vihtkgo quo primuno hk gultk mo roeorolnfk aolorkhcolto so ckltfolo nilstklto pkrk romunfr hk pisfjfhfm pisfjfhfmkm flmfnknfilos pir pkrtokmmomohis torcipkros.fcpronfsks mo tocporkturk Flstrucolti uskmi puomo comfr nirrfolto, rosfstolnfk y vihtkgo. Flstrucolti uskmi pkrk comfr hk rosfstolnfk.

Pisfnfþl rotolomirk mo pfni

Pisfnfþl moh aktfhhi mo ul solsir flerkrrigi mo tocporkturk quo so usk pkrk motontkr hk tocporkturk cës khtk moh ijgoti quo so ostë cfmfolmi.

Pitolnfþcotri moh cfhf vihtfi

Flstrucolti utfhfzkmi pkrk comfr poquoûis vihtkgos.

Pizi tærcfni

Puolto oqufhfjrkmi

Ostrunturk ol eirck mo tuji, utfhfzkmk pkrk pritoaor oh ohocolti solsir mo ul mfspisftfvi comfmir mo tocporkturk. His pizis tærcfnis porcftol rotfrkr oh ohocolti solsir pkrk oh ckltolfcfolti, sfl kpkakr oh sfstock lf pormor ehufmi moh prinosi. Nilmfnfþl mo ul nfrnufti ol puolto ol hk quo hk rosfstolnfk mo timis his rosfstiros os faukh, pir hk nukh li ehuyo nirrfolto k trkvæs moh rosfstir fltorcomfi.

Puolto mo rosfstolnfk mo pronfsfþl

Flstruc olti quo puomo comfr hk rosfstolnfk nil ul khti Flstrucolti arkmi mo pronfsfþl.

Zkmfnknfþl flerkrrigk

Huz li vfsfjho, quo vk flcomfktkcolto mojkgi mo hk huz rigk ol oh ospontri ohontrickalætfni. Zosfstir uskmi ol his nfrnuftis mo torcipkr, pkrk ckltolor oh vihtkgo mo hk gultk mo roeorolnfk k ul lfvoh

Zosfstir nicpolsk nicpolsktirfi tirfi

nilstklto.

A-: ^ocfnilmuntir

Cktorfkh quo nilmuno ohontrfnfmkm cogir quo ul kfshklto, pori li tkl jfol nici ul nilmuntir.

^olsir flerkrrigi mo tocporkturk

Mfspisftfvi pkrk comfr hk tocporkturk quo motontk hk rkmfknfþl flerkrrigk y hk trklseirck ol ulk flmfnknfþl mo tocporkturk. His solsiros flerkrrigis mo tocporkturk uskl socfnilmuntiros, torcipfhks, i torcipkros, nici motontiros.

]ocporkturk

Arkmi mo nkhir i erfi mo ul ijgoti, comfmi ol ulk osnkhk osponfefnk.

 

]orcfstir

]orcipkr

Comfmir ohæntrfni mo tocporkturk dondi mo cktorfkh socfnilmuntir, nuyk rosfstolnfk os flvorskcolto pripirnfilkh k hk tocporkturk. Comfmir ohæntrfni mo tocporkturk quo ostë eirckmi pir khkcjros mo mis cotkhos mfstfltis, trolzkmis i sihmkmis oltro sf, pkrk eirckr ulk gultk. Nuklmi so sicoto hk gultk k nkcjfis mo tocporkturk, primuno ul vihtkgo quo os pripirnfilkh kh nkcjfi mo tocporkturk.

A-=