Tema 3. ORIGEN DE LAS MUSCULATURA DEL TRONCO

 

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»Suî as al i÷soulk; Al i÷soulk puada dajn`nrsa okik tagndks hlc`dks ok`stntundk pkr jnhrcs iusoulcras dktcdcs da ocpcondcd ok`trãotnl. A` al sar muic`k lc ocpcondcd pcrc ikvarsa dapa`da da u` brupk aspaonclnzcdk da oîlulcs ok`trãotnlas, as daonr lcs jnhrcs iusoulcras, ok`kondcs icykria`ta okik i÷soulks. Al sar muic`k as u` krbc`nsik a`tarcia`ta iusoulcr5 iãs da lc intcd da lc icsc dal ouarpk astã jkricdc pkr tagndk iusoulcr,  dal  oucl  sa  dnstn`bua` tras  o

ol

csas  da  j nhrcs  iusoulcras7  i÷soulk  asqualîtnok  k  astr ncdk,  i÷soulk

crdncok  y i÷soulk lnsk.

»Suî as al i÷soulk asqualîtnok; Lks i÷sou i÷soulks lks asqual asqualîtn îtnoks oks sk` u` tnpk tnpk da i÷sou i÷soulks lks astrnc astrncdks dks u`ndk u`ndks s k cdmarndks cl asqualatk, jkricdks pkr oîlulcs k jnhrcs clcrbcdcs y pkln `uolacdcs

qua snt÷c` sus `÷olaks a` lc parnjarnc. Ocdc i÷soulk sa n`sartc a` al muask pkr  iadn ia dnk k da lk lkss ta ta`d `dk` k`as as (qu (qua a ok ok`a `aot otc c al i÷ i÷so soul ulk k ok ok` ` al mua muask sk k ok ok` ` ktrc ktrc astruoturc), astruot urc), qua astã` ok`stntu ok`stntundks ndks hãsnocia`t hãsnocia`ta a pkr tagndk jnhrks jnhrksk, k, alãst alãstnok nok y sÿlndk. Tcihnî` da`kin`cdks da jnhrc astrncdc, dahndk c qua sus jnhrcs tna`a` u`c brc` oc`tndcd da jnlcia`tks da cotn`c y inksn`c (lcs ouclas sk` prktaé`cs), qua mcoa` qua su cspaotk sac okik rcycdk.

Al ouarpk muic`k astã jkricdk cprkxnicdcia`ta da u` 46% da asta tnpk da i÷soulk y u` 36% da i÷soulk ocrdécok y vnsoarcl.   _k`  uscdks pcrc  jconlntcr   al  ikvnina`tk   y  ic`ta`ar   lc  u`nÿ`  muask-crtnoulconÿ`  c  trcvîs da su ok`trcoonÿ`, a` lc qua al snstaic ÿsak as al okipk`a`ta pcsnvk, cotuc`dk okik skpkrta, y lks i÷soulks sa prasa`tc` okik al cotnvk, dahndk c qua astks sk` lks qua sa ok`trca`, ba`arc`dk csé al ikvnina`tk.

Tcihnî` gu`tk c lks muasks, astks snrva` da prktaoonÿ` pcrc lks ÿrbc`ks n`tar`ks, cdaiãs ktkrbc` jkric cl ouarpk y axprasnvndcd pcrc `uastrk rkstrk. Q` dctk nipkrtc`ta as qua cl ikia`tk da raclnzcr u` ikvnina`tk astks trchcgc` da c pcras, ina`trcs u`k sa ok`trca, ktrk sa ralcgc, y sk` ocpcoas da ok`trcarsa da jkric Vãbn`c | 8

 

hrusoc a n`stc`tã`ac.

I÷soulks Hrc`qunkiarnoks Lks i÷soulks hrc`qunkiarnoks sk` cquallks qua prkvna`a` da icscs pra iusoulcras iusoul cras cskoncdks c

lks croks hrc`qunclas,

qua sa

dnjara`onc` dnjara`onc`

pkstarnkria`ta, a` i÷soulks qua ouipla` u`c vcrnadcd da ju`onk`as. Da tkdks allks

al

i÷soulk

trcpaonk,

al

i÷soulk

trcpaonk

y

al

i÷soulk

astar`kolandkicstkndak sa sapcrc` da lc iusoulcturc hrc`quncl pcrc n`okrpkrcrsa c lc cpa`dnoulcr inbrc`dk mcstc lc on`turc tkrãonoc. Astã` sntucdks a` u` plc`k suparjnoncl.

Krnba` da lks i÷soulks hrc`qunkiîrnoks Durc`ta Durc `ta lc oucrtc oucrtc saic`c saic`c da dascrrkll dascrrkllk k n`trcuta n`trcutarn`k, rn`k, lc rabnÿ` rabnÿ` orc`a orc`acl cl dal aihrnÿ` sa csaiagc clbk cl aihrnÿ` da u` paz, pkr lc prasa`onc da lcs hrc`quncs,

da`kin`cdk cpcrctk jcré`bak dal oucl darnvc` lks muasks y i÷soulks da lc ochazc y dal ouallk. Al cpcrctk jcré`bak ok`stc da7 Crok jcré`bak, Hklsc jcré`bac, _urok jcré`bak, Iaihrc`c jcré`bac.

A` al cpcrctk jcré`bak as u`c hc`dc da tagndk iasa`quniãtnok, cpcraoa u`c sarna da prkju`dks suroks da`kin`cdks suroks jcré`b jcré`baks, aks, krnbn`ã`dk krnbn`ã`dksa sa ouctrk pcras da croks hrc`qunclas, lks croks hrc`qunclas 3, 8, ? y 4 (lks croks 1 y :, sk` rudnia`tcrnks), sniultã`acia`ta ok` al dascrrkllk da lks croks y lks suroks, suro ks, cpc cpcraoa raoa` ` ona onartk rtk `÷iark `÷iark da avc avcbn` bn`conk conk`as `as da` da`kin kin`cd `cdcs cs lcs hklscs hklscs jcré`bacs, c lk lcrbk da lcs pcradas lctarclas dal n`tastn`k jcré`bak, lc pkronÿ` iãs oajãlnoc dal n`tastn`k c`tarnkr. c`tarnkr. Ouc`dk al aihrnÿ aihrnÿ` ` tna`a 4 saic`cs y iadnc da adcd puada` nda`tnjnocrsa on`ok jkriconk`as iasa`quniãtnocs c schar. 3¶ y 8¶ crok hrc`quncl, da lks ouclas sa krnbn`c` al prkoask icxnlcr, ic`dnhulcr, muask onbkiãtnok, lc pcrta asociksc dal muask taipkrcl, al muask mnkndak, i÷soulks da lc icstnoconÿ`, vna`tra c`tarnkr dal dnbcstrnok, al inlkmnkdak. ?¶ crok hrc`quncl, da dk`da sa krnbn`c`, lc pkronÿ` n`jarnkr dal ouarpk y cstc icykr dal muask mnkndas y lks i÷soulks jcré`baks. 4¶ y 1¶ _a jusnk`c` y dc` krnba` c lks ocrtélcbks tnrkndas, ornokndas, crnta`kndas, Vãbn`c | ?

 

okr`noulcdk da sc`tkrn`n y ou`anjkria da lc lcrn`ba y i÷soulks da lc lcrn`ba

@AXZNK_ XCSQÉDAK_ Iîdulc aspn`cl Lc iîdulc aspn`cl as u`c lcrbc y jrãbn jrãbnll astruoturc tuhulc tuhulcrr qua okina` okina`zc zc a` al jn`cl dal trk`ok dal a`oîjclk y ok`tn`÷c ok`tn`÷c mcstc llabcr ocsn cl sabia`tk jn`cl da lc oklui`c vartahrcl. _u ju`onÿ` prn`onpcl as lc da trc`sintnr saóclas y ÿrda`as qua sa orac` a` al oarahrk cl trk`ok, ouallk y axtraindcdas (ju`onÿ` ajara`ta) y c su vaz raokbar tkdcs lcs sa`sconk`as y paroaponk`as rabnstrcdcs c lk lcrbk dal ouarpk y a`vncrlcs cl a`oîjclk (ju`onÿ` cjara`ta). Dnomk csé, astc astruoturc as tc` nipkrtc`ta qua su prktaoonÿ` y oundcdk as vntcl.. Astk dahndk c qua, sn sa prkduo vntcl prkduoa a u` trcuictnsik trcuictnsik c lk lcrbk da lc iadulc iadulc,, al ouarpk cjaotcdk cjaotcdk puada axparnia`tcr axparnia`tcr u`c pîrdndc tktcl k pcroncl da lc sa`snhnlndcd sa`snhnlndcd y ocpcondcd iktrnz iãs chcgk dal `nval `aurklÿbnok da lc lasnÿ`. A`tk A` tk`o `oas as pk pkdr dréc écik ikss da dajnjn`n `nrr c lc iî iîdu dulc lc aspn aspn`c `cll okik okik al oa`t oa`trk rk da trc`sinsnÿ` da tkdc lc n`jkriconÿ` dal ouarpk. Ta`na`dk ralconÿ` c u`c cutkpnstc `aurklÿbnoc, ouyc lchkr as aintnr y raonhnr saóclas c tkdcs y ocdc u`c da lcs pcrtas da `uastrk krbc`nsik. Vcrc lkbrcr astc lchkr, lc iîdulc aspn`cl `k astã sklc7 oua`tc ok` ?3 pcras da `arvnks rcquédaks ouyc ju`onÿ` as n`arvcr (trc`sintnr  astéiulks `arvnksks) tkdk al plc`k okrpkrcl (ia`ks lc ochazc).

»Suî sk` lks `arvnks rcquédaks; Lks `arvnks rcquédaks k `arvnks aspn`clas sk` cquallks qua sa prklk`bc` dasda lc iîdulc aspn`c aspn`cll y ctrcvnasc` ctrcvnasc` lks i÷soul i÷soulks ks vartahrclas pcrc dnstrnhun dnstrnhunrsa rsa c tkdcs lcs zk`cs dal ouarpk. _u pcpal iãs nipkrtc`ta sa va n`vkluorcdk ok` lks i÷soulks asqualîtnoks da `uastrk ouarpk, lks ouclas sk` n`arvcdks pkr `arvnks tc`tk iktkras okik sa`sntnvks, ouyc ju`onÿ` as raokbar y trc`sintnr lc n`jkriconÿ` cl snstaic `arvnksk oa`trcl (_@O), dasda dk`da sa ba`arc u`c raspuastc ajaotkrc. Vãbn`c | 4

 

Ocha dastcocr qua ocdc u`k da astks `arvnks aiarba c trcvîs da lks aspconks da lcs vîrtahrcs a` jkric da 8 rciks okrtks, da`kin`cdks rcéoas `arvnkscs rcquédacs.

3. Xcéz `arvnksc iktkrc (rcic c`tarnkr) Astc rcéz, Astc rcéz, lk lkocl oclnz nzcdc cdc a` lc pc pcrt rta a c` c`ta tarn rnkr kr da lc iî iîdu dulc lc asp aspn` n`cl, cl, as lc a`ocrbcdc da trc`sintnr lks nipulsks dasda lc iîdulc aspn`cl mcstc lks i÷soulks asqua as qualî lîtntnoks oks pc pcrc rc jk jkia ia`t `tcr cr su ok ok`t `trc rcoon oonÿ` ÿ` y, pk pkrr tc tc`t `tk, k, lc prk prkdu duoon oonÿ` ÿ` da dall ikvnina`tk. Lcs rcdnoulkpctécs (lasnk`as k dcóks da u`k k iãs `arvnks y sus rcéoas) suala` prkvkocr u` dahnl dahnlntcin ntcina`tk a`tk ocrcotaréstnok ocrcotaréstnok da lks i÷soulks n`arvcdks pkr lc rcéz iktkrc cjaotcdc. Astks sa vualva` dîhnlas, ctrÿjnoks y jlãondks.

8. Xcéz `arvnksc sa`sntnvc (rcic pkstarnkr) Vkr ktrk lcdk, lc rcéz sa`sntnvc a`trc pkr lc pcrta pkstarnkr da lc iîdulc aspn`cl. Lcs jnhrcs `arvnkscs qua lc okipk`a` llavc` n`jkriconÿ` sa`skrncl, qua sarã n`tarpratcdc pkr al oarahrk a` ÷ltnic n`stc`onc. Agaiplks da astc n`jkriconÿ` al brcdk da luin`ksndcd, al tcotk, lc taiparcturc cihna`tcl, al dklkr cl sujrnr u`c lasnÿ`, a`tra ktrks iuomks pcrãiatrks. Vkr allk, lcs cjaotconk`as da lcs rcéoas `arvnkscs sa`sntnvcs sa trcduoa` a` u`c jcltc da sa`snhnlndcd a` lcs zk`cs n`arvcdcs pkr lks `arvnks lasnk`cdks.

Dnvnsnÿ` da lks `arvnks rcquédaks Lks `arvnks rcquédaks ok`stc` da ?3 pcras, lks ouclas aiarba` da lc iîdu iî dulc lc aspn aspn`c `cll a n`ar n`arvc vc` ` pr prão ãotntnoc ocia ia`t `ta a lc tktc tktclnlndc dcd d da `u `uas astr trk k ouar ouarpk pk,, axoapt axo aptuc` uc`dk dk lc ocha ochazc zc y ona onartc rtcss saoo saoonk` nk`as as dal oua ouallk llk.. Al trc trchcg hcgk k oajãln oajãlnok ok sa a`oua`trc a`oua`t rc cl ic`dk da lks `arvn `arvnks ks orc`acl orc`aclas, as, qua sk` 38 pcras `a `arvnksks rvnksks ou ouyc yc ju`onÿ` as ok`aotcr al oarahrk ok` lks kgks, lcs kragcs, lc `crnz, lc bcrbc`tc y vcrncs pcrtas da lc ochazc y al ouallk.

3. @a @arv rvnk nkss oarv oarvno nocl clas as (O (O33-O= O=)7 )7 _k _k` ` lk lkss `a `arvn rvnks ks a` a`ok ok`t `trc rcdk dkss a` lc lcss prniarcs 2 vîrtahrcs, y okina`zc` a` lc hcsa dal orã`ak. Îstks ok`trklc` iuomcs Vãbn`c | 1

 

ju`onk`as ju`onk `as dal ouarpk, y raokba` lc sa`snhnlndcd sa`snhnlndcd da pcrta da lc ochazc, al ouallk, y lc zk`c cltc dal tÿrcx. A` astc ãrac sa a`oua`trc` prn`onpclia`ta `arvnks outã`aks, qua n`arvc` lc pnal dal ãrac dal ouallk, lc kragc, lc pcrta trcsarc da lc ochazc y al mkihrk trc`sintna`dk lks nipulsks sa`skrnclas. 8. @arvnks tkrãonoks (T3-T38)7 _k` u` tktcl da 38 `arvnks aspn`clas qua aiarba` da lcs vîrtahrcs tkrãonocs. Ocsn tkdks allks astã` uhnocdks a`tra lks croks okstclas (n`tarokstclas). (n`tarokstclas). Astks `arvnks tkrãonoks pcrtnon pcrtnonpc` pc` a` lcs ju`on ju`onk`as k`as da lks ÿrbc`ks y blã`dulcs da lc ochazc, ouallk, tÿrcx y chdkia`. _k` lks raspk`schlas da lc n`arvconÿ` da lcs blã`dulcs icicrncs, lc pcrad tkrãonoc, lc pcrad chdkin`cl y lc palvns (c `nval sa`sntnvk y iktkr)

?. @arvnks luihcras (L3-L1)7 _k` lks qua pcrtnonpc` a` lc n`arvconÿ` da lks i÷soulks suhluihcras y chdkin`clas, cyudc`dk c lks i÷soulks araotkras da lc oklui`c y lc pnal da lc aspcldc hcgc. _a dnvnda a` brc`das rcinjnoconk`as iktkrcs qua n`arvc` lks i÷soulks c`tarnkras dal iuslk (ouãdrnoaps), sna`dk îstks lks prn`onpclas jlaotkras dal iuslk y axta`skras da lc rkdnllc.

4. @arvnks @arvnks scorks scorks (_3-_1) (_3-_1)77 Lks `arvnks scorks sk` lks on`ok pcras da `arvn `a rvnks ks aspn aspn`cl `clas as qu qua a sc scla la` ` da dall sc scork ork a` al axt axtrai raik k n` n`ja jarn rnkr kr da lc ok oklu lui` i`c c vartahrcl. Lks `arvnks scorks tna`a` okik ju`onÿ` prn`onpcl prkduonr ralcgconÿ` da lks asjé`taras y ok`trcoonÿ` da lcs pcradas iusoulcras.

1. @a @arv rvnk nk ok okoo ooéb ébak ak77 Al `arv `arvnk nk okoo okooéb ébak ak as al ÷lt ÷ltni nik k da lks lks `a `arv rvnk nkss aspn`clas, as daonr, al `÷iark ?3. Asta cyudc c jkricr al plaxk okooébak a n`arvc lc crtnoulconÿ` scork-okooébac y u`c pcrta dal alavcdkr dal c`k.

N@AXZCONß@ DA LK_ I×_OQLK_ Lc n`arvconÿ` ok`snsta a` qua lks `arvnks qua ta`aiks vc` c pa`atrcr a` u` tagndk y brconcs c ask, sa vc c ok`sabunr qua c asta tagndk la suoadc` dks okscs7 Vãbn`c | :

 

qua ta`bc sa`snhnlndcd y qua puadc raspk`dar c lks astéiulks qua sa vc` c trc`sintnr dasda astc sa`snhnlndcd qua mc ok`sabundk. Ocsn Oc sn tk tkdk dkss lk lkss ta tagngndk dkss sa a`oua a`oua`t `trc` rc` n` n`ar arvcd vcdks, ks, sn` sn` ai aihc hcrbk rbk,, axnst axnsta` a` clbu`ks tagndks iuy ok`oratks, okik pkr agaiplk al ocrtélcbk, sn llabãrciks c ta`ar u`c pctklkbéc a` îl, `k saréc pkr al prkpnk ocrtélcbk sn`k pkr tkdk lk qua ok`llavc ok`ll avc asc daba`arco daba`arconÿ` nÿ` k cltarcon cltarconÿ` ÿ` dal insik. Vark a` ba`arcl, ba`arcl, tkdcs lcs astruoturcs dal ouarpk astã` n`arvcdcs, pkr lk tc`tk, snaipra vciks c ta`ar onartc sa`snhnlndcd dahndk c asc onrou`stc`onc y tcihnî` astk vc c mcoar qua iuomcs astruoturcs puadc` ba`arcr raspuastc c `nval iktkr, okik, pkr agaiplk, qua c `nval iusoulcr pkdciks raclnzcr lc ok`trcoonÿ` iusoulcr y ikvar`ks y tcihnî` vciks c ta`arlks ok` lcs blã`dulcs pcrc qua lcs insics saorata` mkrik`cs. Tkdk astk `k saréc pksnhla sn`k tuvnîrciks clbu`ks `arvnks n`arvc`dk tkdk asta tagndk pcrc ok`sabunr ta`ar krda`as dasda al _nstaic @arvnksk Oa`trcl mconc al _nstaic @arvnksk Varnjîrnok y qua sa rabula` tkdcs astcs ju`onk`as okrpkrclas.

IQ_OQLCTQXC DAL INAIHXK _QVAXNKX _k` lcs axtraindcdas qua sa jngc` c lc pcrta suparnkr dal trkok. _a okipk`a pkr 4 sabia`tks7 on`turc asocpulcr, hrczk, c`tahrczk y ic`k. 3. On`turc Asocpulcr7 Lc on`turc asocpulcr vc dasda lc hcsa dal ouallk mcstc al hkrda n`jarnkr dal i÷soulk paotkrcl icykr, okiu`noc`dk al trk`ok c lks inaihrks suparnkras, jngc`dk lc crtnoulconÿ` bla`kmuiarcl cl trk`ok.

Ju`onk`as 

Dcr ikvnina`tk y astchnlnzcr al hrczk a` al mkihrk jngã`dklk cl trk`ok.



Varintnr u`c ikvnlnzconÿ` ok` brc` ciplntud dal hrczk, c lc qua sa cócda lcs dal okdk y lc iuóaoc, lk qua ktkrbc c lc ic`k al cooask c u` aspconk iuy brc`da.



Varintnr u`c hua`c astchnlndcd a` al ocsk da qua al inaihrk suparnkr mcyc da raclnzcr u`c juarzc pcrc okbar khgatks, ic`agcrlks, cpkycr lcs ic`ks, ato.

Vãbn`c | 2

 

Iusoulcturc da lc On`turc Asocpulcr  

Vlc`k suparjnoncl7 Trcpaonk Iadnk



Vlc`k iadnk7 Xkihkndas y C`bulcr da lc Asoãpulc



Vlc`k prkju`dk7 _arrctk icykr, Vaotkrcl Ia`kr y _uholcvnk

8. Hrczk7 Lks i÷soulks dal hrczk sk` u` brupk da on`ok i÷soulks uhnocdks a` lc rabnÿ` a`tra al mkihrk y lc crtnoulconÿ` dal okdk. _a dnvnda` a` dks okipcrtnina`tks7 Al ok oki ipc pcrt rtni nina na`t `tk k

c` c`ttar arnk nkrr

(j (jla laxk xkr) r) qua

ok ok`t `tnna`a a`a

pr prn` n`on onpc pcli lia` a`ta ta

cl

i÷soulk héoaps hrcquncl hrcquncl,, cl okrcokhrcquncl okrcokhrcquncl y  y cl i÷soulk hrcquncl. Al okipcrtnina`tk pkstarnkr (axta`skr) qua ok`tna`a prn`onpclia`ta cl i÷soulk tréoaps hrcquncl. hrcquncl. Lc ju`onÿ` iãs nipkrtc`ta da lks i÷soulks dal okipcrtnina`tk c`tarnkr as lc jlaxnÿ` dal okdk y lc cduoonÿ` dal mkihrk mkihrk.. Clbu`cs ju`on ju`onk`as k`as cdnonk`clas cdnonk`clas da asta brupk iusoulcr n`oluya` lc jlaxnÿ` dal hrczk c `nval dal mkihrk y lc supn`conÿ` dal c`tahrczk c`tahrczk.. Al i÷soulk tréoaps hrcquncl as al prn`onpcl axta`skr dal c`tahrczk a` lc crtnoulconÿ` dal okdk, y raonha cyudc dal i÷soulk c`oÿ`ak5 park tcihnî` csns cs nsta ta lnlnba barc rcia ia`t `ta a c lc axta`s axta`snÿ nÿ` ` y cdu cduoo oonÿ nÿ` ` da dall hr hrczk czk.. Lk Lkss i÷ i÷sou soulk lkss da dall okipcrtnina` okipcrt nina`tk tk jlaxk jlaxkrr raonha raonha` ` su n`arvco n`arvconÿ` nÿ` da dall `arvnk iusoul iusoulkoutã` koutã`ak, ak, ina`trcs ina`trcs qua lks axta`skras astã` n`arvcdks pkr al `arvnk rcdncl. rcdncl. ?. C`tahrczk7  Lks i÷ i÷sou soulks lks dal c`t c`tahr ahrczk czk sk` u` bru brupk pk da 86 i÷ i÷sou soulks lks dnstrnhundks a` lks okipcrtnia`tks c`tarnkr y pkstarnkr dal c`tahrczk. _a a`oua`trc` dnvndndks a` dks brupks prn`onpclas7 

I÷soulks dal okipcrtnia`tk c`tarnkr, k jlaxkras-prk`cdkras7   sk` lks

komk i÷soulks uhnocdks a` al okipcrtnia`tk c`tarnkr dal c`tahrczk. Asta brupk ok`tntna`a ok` a`a c lk lkss i÷ i÷sou soulks lks qu qua a jljlaxn axnk`c k`c` ` lcs crtno crtnoulc ulcon onk`a k`ass rcd rcdnk nkocr ocrpn pnc`c c`c y da lc ic`k, y tcihnî` c lks qua raclnzc` prk`conÿ` dal c`tahrczk. Lks jlaxkras dal c`tahrczk astã` dnvndndks a` dks ocpcs7 Vãbn`c | =

 



Jlaxkras Jlaxk ras su suparjno parjnonclas nclas dal c`tahrc c` tahrczk zk7 prk`cdkr radk`dk, jlaxkr rcdncl dal ocrpk, jlaxkr ul`cr dal ocrpk, pclicr lcrbk y jlaxkr suparjnoncl da lks dadks. Vcrc clbu`ks cutkras, al jlaxkr suparjnoncl suparjnoncl da lks dadks sa uhnoc a` su prkpnc ocpc, ok`kondc okik ocpc n`tariadnc.



Jlaxkras Jlaxk ras prkju` prkju`dks dks dal c`tahrczk7 c`tahr czk7 jlaxkr prkju`dk da lks dadks, jlaxkr  lcrbk dal pulbcr, prk`cdkr oucdrcdk.



I÷soulkss dal okipcrtnia`tk I÷soulk okipcrtnia`tk pkstarnkr, pkstarnkr, k axta`skra axta`skras-supn` s-supn`cdkras7 cdkras7  sk`

u` brupk da on`ok i÷soulks uhnocdks a` al okipcrtnia`t okipcrtnia`tk k pkstarnkr dal c`tahrczk. Astks i÷soulks sk` al supn`cdkr, chduotkr lcrbk dal pulbcr, axta`skr okrtk dal pulbcr, axta`skr lcrbk dal pulbcr y al axta`skr dal é`dnoa. Lcs ju`onk`as prn`onpclas prn`onpclas da astks i÷soulks sk` lc axta`snÿ` da lc ic`k c `nval da lc crtnoulconÿ` rcdnkocrpnc`c k da lc iuóaoc, lc axta`snÿ` dal sabu`dk y taroar  dadk c `n dadk `nva vall da lc lcss cr crtntnou oulc lcon onk` k`as as iatc iatcoc ocrp rpkj kjcl clã` ã`bn bnoc oc a n` n`ta tarj rjcl clã` ã`bn bnoc ocss y lc chduoonÿ` dal pulbcr. 4. Ic`k7 Lc ic`k muic`c as lc pcrta iãs dnstcl da lc axtraindcd suparnkr . _uss ik _u ikvn vnin ina` a`tk tkss sk sk` ` pk pksn snhl hlas as br brco conc ncss c lk lkss i÷so i÷soul ulks ks axtr axtré` é`sa saok okss a n`tré`saoks da lc ic`k. Lks i÷soulks axtré`saoks, a` raclndcd, sk` lks i÷soulks dal c`tahrczk qua sa n`sartc` a` lc ic`k. Da asta ikdk, astks i÷soulks oruzc` lcs crtnoulconk`as da lc ic`k y prkd prkduoa` uoa` ikv ikvnina nina`tks `tks.. Lks i÷so i÷soulks ulks n`tré`s n`tré`saoks aoks sk` lks “var “vardcda dcdarks’ rks’ i÷so i÷ soul ulks ks da lc ic` c`k k pk pkrq rqua ua sus sus kr kréb éba` a`as as a n`sa n`saro ronnk` k`as as astã astã` ` uh uhno nocd cdks ks axolusnvcia`ta a` lc rabnÿ` da lc iuóaoc y lc ic`k.

IQ_OQLCTQXC DAL INAIHXK N@JAXNKX Al

inaihrk

dks axtraindcdas axtraindcdas  qua

n`jarnkr k inaihrk sa

a`oua`trc`

palvnc`k as u`ndcs

ocdc cl trk`ok trk`ok  c

u`c

da

lcs

trcvîs

da

lc palvns iadn palvns iadnc`ta c`ta lc crtnoulconÿ` da lc ocdarc ocdarc.. Tna`a` lc ju`onÿ` da susta`tcr al

Vãbn`c | >

 

pask pa sk da dall ou ouarp arpk k a` lc pk pksn snon onÿ` ÿ` hé hépa padc dc y mc mcoa oarr pksn pksnhl hla a lk lkss da dasp splc lczc zcin ina` a`tk tkss iadnc`ta lc ok`trcoonÿ` da su pkta`ta iusoulcturc. Oklkqunclia`ta,, lks inaihrks n`jarnkras sk` lcs  pnar`cs. _n` aihcrbk, a` Oklkqunclia`ta c`ctkiéc al tîrin`k pnar`c pnar`c tna`a  tna`a u` snb`njnocdk iãs praonsk y sa okrraspk`da ok` lc pc`tkrrnllc, pc`tkrrnllc, as daonr, lc pkronÿ` dal inaihrk n`jarnkr sntucdc a`tra lc rkdnllc rkdnllc y  y al tkhnllk. tkhnllk. _a dnvnda`, sab÷` su lkoclnzconÿ`, a` ouctrk rabnk`as7 i÷soulks da lc palvns, i÷soulks dal iuslk, i÷soulks da lc pnar`c y i÷soulks dal pna. 3. I÷soulks da lc palvns7  sk` lks lks qua as astã` tã` uh uhnocdks nocdks a` lc oocvndcd cvndcd dal chdkia` hcgk, snrvna`dk okik u`c aspaonc da ocic skhra lc qua rapksc` tkdks lks ÿrbc`ks uhnocdks a` astc zk`c dal ouarpk, okik lk sk` al ÷tark, uratrc, vagnbc, raotk, cpcrctk asjn`tarnc`k y vcbn`c. Lks i÷soulks da lc on`turc pîlvnoc sa puada` dnvndnr a`7 Vkstarnkras7 Bl÷tak Icykr (3), Vnrnjkria (4), Valvntrkoc`tarns (1, :, 2, =, >)5

Lctarclas7 Bl÷tak Iadnk (8), Bl÷tak Ia`kr (?) C@TAXNKXA_ - Nlnkpskcs (36,33).

8. I÷soulks dal iuslk7 sk` lks tras brupks iusoulcras da lc rabnÿ` dal iuslk qua cot÷c` skhra lcs crtnoulconk`as okxkjaikrcl (ocdarc) y da lc rkdnllc. Astks i÷soulks sa cbrupc` da couardk c su pksnonÿ` c`ctÿinoc, park tcihnî` c sus ju`onk`as. Da astc jkric lks i÷soulks dal iuslk sa dnvnda` a`7 

I÷so I÷ soul ulks ks

c`ta c`tarn rnkr kras as dal dal

iu iusl slk k

k jlax jlaxkr kras as da

lc

crt crtnoul noulco conÿ nÿ` `

okxkjaikrcl okxkja ikrcl77 nlnkpskcs (nlécok, pskcs icykr, pskcs ia`kr), scrtkrnk, ouãdrnoaps jaikrcl. Astks axtna`da` lc rkdnllc y pnar`c. pnar`c. 

I÷so I÷ soul ulks ks

iad adnc ncllas dal dal

iusl slk k

k cd cduo uotk tkra rass da

lc

crtn crtnou oullco connÿ`

okxkjaikrcl7  brãonl, paoté`ak, cduotkr lcrbk, cduotkr icykr, cduotkr ié`nik, khtu kh turc rcdk dkrr axta axtar` r`k. k. _u ju`o ju`onÿ nÿ` ` pr prn` n`on onpc pcll as lc cduo cduoon onÿ` ÿ` da lc cr crtntnou oulc lcon onÿ` ÿ` okxkjaikrcl. Vãbn`c | 36

 



I÷so I÷ soul ulks ks pk pkst star arnk nkra rass dal dal iusl iuslk k k ax axta ta`s `skr kras as da lc crtn crtnou oulc lcon onÿ` ÿ`

okxkjaikrcl okxkja ikrcl77 héoaps jaikrcl, sainta`dn`ksk, sainiaihrc`ksk. Astks tcihnî` cot÷c` jlaxnk`c`dk lc rkdnllc. ?. I÷soulks da lc pnar`c7  Lc ju`onÿ` prn`onpcl da lks i÷soulks da lc pnar`c as ikvar lc pcrta n`jarnkr da lc pnar`c y al pna ina`trcs sa ocin`c y astchnlnzcrlks cl astcr da pna. Lks i÷soulks da lcs pnar`cs sa puada` olcsnjnocr lks 38 i÷soulks qua sa a`oua`trc` a` lc pnar`c pkr okipcrtnina`tks, sna`dk lks insiks7 okipcrtnina`tk c`tarnkr, okipcrtnina`tk lctarcl y okipcrtnina`tk pkstarnkr. 

Okipcrtnina`tk c`tarnkr7  A` asta okipcrtnina`tk sa a`oua`trc` uhnocdks lks i÷soulks jlaxkras dkrsclas, sna`dk astks i÷soulks7 tntnhn hncl cl c` c`ta tarn rnkr, kr, ta taro roar ar pa park` rk`ak ak,, axta axta`s `skr kr lc lcrbk rbk da lk lkss dad dadks ks y al



axta`skr lcrbk dal dadk bkrdk. Okipcrtnina`tk lctarcl7  A` asta okipcrt okipcrtnina` nina`tk tk sa a`oua`t a`oua`trc` rc` lks i÷so i÷ soul ulks ks pa park rk`ak `akss a` a`oc ocrbc rbcdks dks da ikvn ikvnlnlnzc zcrr lc crt crtno noul ulco conÿ nÿ` ` da dall tkhnllk.



Okipcrtnina`tk pkstarnkr7 Al okipcrtnina`tk pkstarnkr ok`tna`a al brupk iusoulcr da lc pc`tkrrnllc, lks ouclas sk` jlaxkras suparjnonclas okik al tréoaps surcl y al plc`tcr. Lks jlaxkras prkju`dks cot÷c` skhra lcs crtnoulconk`as dal tkhnllk, sna`dk astks7 jlaxkr lcrbk dal dadk bkrdk, jlaxkr lcrbk da lks dadks, tnhncl pkstarnkr y pkplétak. Lc ju`onÿ` prn`onpcl da lks n`tabrc`tas da asta brupk iusoulcr sk` lc jlaxnÿ` plc`tcr dal pna y lks dadks da lks pnas.

4. I÷soulks dal pna7 k aspaoéjnocia`ta lks i÷soulks n`tré`saoks dal pna ok`stc` da vcrncs ocpcs iusoulcras qua sa a`oua`trc` a`tra al dkrsk y lc plc`tc dal pna pna.. Astks sa uhnoc` astrnotcia`ta da`trk dal pna, lk qua lks dnjara`onc da lks i÷soulks axtré`saoks, lks ouclas sa a`oua`trc` a` lc pnar`c pnar`c park  park ba`arc` ikvnina`tks ikvnina`tks dal  dal pna yc qua sa n`sartc` a` asta ÷ltnik. Lc ju`onÿ` prn`onpcl da lks i÷soulks dal pna as ic`ta`ar  lks croks y lc astchnlndcd dal pna durc`ta lc icromc. Vãbn`c | 33

 

Mcy u` tktcl da 3> i÷soulks a` al pna, lks ouclas sa dnvnda` a` i÷soulks da lc plc`tc dal pna y lks i÷soulks dal dkrsk dal pna.

Al brupk dkrscl ok`stc da sklk dks i÷soulks7 al axta`skr okrtk da lks dadks y al axta`skr okrtk dal dadk bkrdk. Lks i÷soulks plc`tcras n`oluya` c lks 32 rastc`tas lks ouclas sa sapcrc` a` ouctrk ocpcs `uiarcdcs dal 3 cl 4 da suparjnoncl c prkju`dc7 

Vrniarc Vrni arc ocpc7  chduotkr dal dadk bkrdk, jlaxkr okrtk da lks dadks, chduotkr dal qun`tk dadk

 

_abu`dc ocpc7 oucdrcdk plc`tcr, luihrnoclas



Taroarc ocpc7  jlaxkr okrtk dal dadk bkrdk, cduotkr dal dadk bkrdk, jlaxkr okrtk dal qun`tk dadk, kpk`a`ta dal qun`tk dadk.



Oucrtc ocpc7 n`tarÿsaks plc`tcras y dkrsclas

Clbu`ks cutkras dnvnda` lks i÷soulks plc`tcras a` brupks vartnoclas a` lubcr  da ocp ocpcs cs mkrn mkrnzk` zk`tc tclas las.. Da ast astcc jk jkri ricc sa dnvnd dnvnda` a` a` i÷s i÷sou oulk lkss plc`t plc`tcr cras as oa`trclas, iadnclas y lctarclas7 

Brupk lctarcl7 chduotkr dal qun`tk dadk, jlaxkr okrtk dal qun`tk dadk, kpk`a`ta dal qun`tk dadk



axkr kr ok okrt rtk k da lk lkss dad dadks ks,, ou oucd cdrcd rcdk k plc` plc`tc tcr, r, ou ouct ctrk rk Brupk Brup k oa`tr oa`trcl7 cl7 jljlax



luihrnoclas, tras n`tarÿsaks plc`tcras, ouctrk n`tarÿsaks dkrsclas Brupk iadncl7 chduotkr dal dadk bkrdk, cduotkr dal dadk bkrdk, jlaxkr  okrtk dal dadk bkrdk

Vãbn`c | 38

 

C@A]K_

Iusoulk asqualîtnok

  I÷soulks Hrc`qunkiîrnoks  

@arvnks Xcquédaks

Vãbn`c | 3?

 

Iîdulc Aspn`cl

Vãbn`c | 34

 

Vlaxks `arvnksks

Vãbn`c | 31

 

N`arvconÿ`

On`turc Asocpulcr

Vãbn`c | 3:

Hrczk

 

 C`tahrczk Ic`k  

Iusoulcturc dal inaihrk N`jarnkr  Vãbn`c | 32

 

Vãbn`c | 3=