NJOBUN@EBÕA N@ML]@N R UJOZ]BI@I ULEB@N @WNBE@I@
YJF@ 5.-
]JN@EBÕA JFWNJ@IL-JFWNJ@IL] JFWNJ@IL-JFWNJ @IL]
JN ELAY]@YL IJ Y]@M@HL R N@ ]JN@EBLA JFWNJ@IL-JFWNJ@IL]
5.0. 5.=. 5.5. 5.9. 5.:. 5.4. 5.?.
Jn fbabstjrbl fbabstjrbl ij tr`m`hl y tràfbtjs `atj n` jatbi`i jatbi`i Tbs`ebõa ijn elatr`tl ij tr`m`hl y rjqubsbtls p`r` jn vbs`il vbs`il Funt`s `pnbe`mnjs Elatr`tls elfl elasuntlrjs. Jn pjrblil ij prujm` Ileufjatls ij pjrsla`n. Batjrprjt`ebõa ijn elatr`tl ij Yr`m`hl ijsij jn àfmbtl àfmbtl elat`mnj elat`mnj..
5.0.
Jn fbabstjrbl ij tr`m`hl tr`m`hl y tràfbtjs `atj n` jatbi`i.FBABUYJ]BL IJ Y]@
[email protected] Fbabstjrbl ij Yr`m`hl, Jfpnjl y Wrjvbsbõa Uleb`n ij Mlnbvb` js n` jatbi`i jae`ro`i` ij vjn`r plrquj sj o`r`atbeja nls ijrjecls ij nls tr`m`h`ilrjs y, ` n` vjz, quj jn sjetlr prbv`il y nls lro`abz`fls pømnbels eufpn`a ela tli`s n`s lmnbo`eblajs jstbpun`i`s ja n`s njyjs. Fbsbõa.O`r`atbz`fls jn eufpnbfbjatl ij nls ijrjecls y lmnbo`eblajs slebl-n`mlr`njs ij n`s tr`m`h`ilr`s y tr`m`h`ilrjs y ij n`s sjrvbilr`s y sjrvbilrjs pømnbels; prlflvjfls y ijdjaijfls jn tr`m`hl y jfpnjl iboal; jrr`ibe`ail prlorjsbv`fjatj tli` dlrf` ij jxpnlt`ebõa, jxenusbõa y ibserbfba`ebõa n`mlr`n ja jn f`rel ij n` elastrueebõa ij n` jelalfæ` pnur`n. Tbsbõa.Jn Fbabstjrbl ij Yr`m`hl, Jfpnjl y Wrjvbsbõa Uleb`n js n` jatbi`i quj prltjoj y ijdbjaij nls ijrjecls slebl-n`mlr`njs y duai`fjat`njs ijn tr`m`hl; `sæ elfl jn `eejsl `n tr`m`hl y `n jfpnjl iboal ij n` plmn`ebõa mlnbvb`a` ela jqubi`i, baenusbõa y prblrbz`ail orupls vunajr`mnjs, ja `nb`az` ela n`s y nls tr`m`h`ilrjs y n`s lro`abz`eblajs sleb`njs. Duaebõa ijn Fbabstjrbl ij Yr`m`hl.Jatrj n`s duaeblajs ijn Fbabstjrbl ij Yr`m`hl, Jfpnjl y Wrjvbsbõa Uleb`n sj jaeujatr` jn ijrjecl ij nls ebui`i`als ` tjajr jfpnjls iboals y ij e`nbi`i ja elaibeblajs ij bou`ni`i y quj `ijfàs sj o`r`atbej n` baenusbõa ij n` plmn`ebõa jelaõfbe`fjatj `etbv`, `sæ elfl ij nls sjetlrjs fàs vunajr`mnjs. Lmhjtbvls Jstr`tâobels Bastbtuebla`njs Nls lmhjtbvls jstr`tâobels sla jn prliuetl ijn `aànbsbs ij nls jdjetls bastbtuebla`njs quj ojajr` ijn Fbabstjrbl ij Yr`m`hl, Jfpnjl y Wrjvbsbõa Uleb`n ja jn f`rel ij su vbsbõa bastbtuebla`n y ij sus elfpjtjaeb`s8 lmhjtbvls Bijatbdbe`ils8 Ijrjecls Ulebl-n`mlr`njs Wrltjojr y o`r`atbz`r nls ijrjecls slebl-n`mlr`njs ja jn f`rel ijn tr`m`hl iboal, prlflvbjail jn ijrjecl ` n` sbaibe`nbz`ebõa, ijs`rrlnn`ail j bfpnjfjat`ail alrf`tbv` slebl-n`mlr`n, ij sjourbi`i leup`ebla`n y ij sjourbi`i sleb`n, `sbfbsfl, `sb fbsfl, prlflvbjail prlflvbjail n` dlrfun`ebõa ij plnætbe`s, pln ætbe`s, prlor`f`s prlor`f`s y prlyjetls p`r` jn sjrvbebl ebvbn. Ijrjecls Duai`fjat`njs ijn Yr`m`hl Jrr`ibe`r n` jxpnlt`ebõa y n` ibserbfba`ebõa n`mlr`n ja tr`m`h`ilrjs ijn e`fpl y ja sbtu`ebõa ij vunajr`mbnbi`i, jnbfba`r n`s ijtjrfba`atjs i jtjrfba`atjs ijn tr`m`hl bad`atbn y rjiuebr n`s ibdjrjaeb`s n`mlr`njs jatrj clfmrjs y fuhjrjs fjib`atj jn ijs`rrlnnl ij pn`ajs ij jrr`ibe`ebõa prlorjsbv` ij tli` dlrf` ij jxpnlt`ebõa n`mlr`n, bajqubi`ijs ij oâajrl, r`ebsfl y ibserbfba`ebõa. Wrlflebõa ijn Jfpnjl Wrlflvjr y ojajr`r lplrtuabi`ijs ij `eejsl `n jfpnjl ja mjajdbebl ij n` plmn`ebõa mlnbvb`a` ela âad`sbs ja orupls vunajr`mnjs ` tr`vâs ijn ijs`rrlnnl ij pn`ajs y plnætbe`s ij dlfjatl elfl t`fmbâa n` prlflebõa y prltjeebõa ij lro`abz`eblajs ellpjr`tbv`s. Ojstbõa bastbtuebla`n Elatrbmubr `n eufpnbfbjatl ij nls lmhjtbvls jstr`tâobels ijn Fbabstjrbl ij Yr`m`hl, Jfpnjl y Wrjvbsbõa Uleb`n, fjib`atj n` tr`asdlrf`ebõa ij n` ojstbõa pømnbe` ela e`r`etjræstbe`s ij tr`asp`rjaeb`, jdbebjaeb`, jdbe`eb`, ijselnlabz`ebõa y pràetbe` ij v`nlrjs slebl-elfuabt`rbls. @trbmueblajs ijn Fbabstr`(l) ijn Fbabstr`(l) ij Yr`m`hl, Jfpnjl y Wrjvbsbõa Uleb`n N`s `trbmueblajs ij n` Fbabstr`(l) ij Yr`m`hl, Jfpnjl y Wlnætbe` Wrjvbsbõa f`rel ij n`s elfpjtjaeb`s `sboa`i`s `n abvjn ejatr`n plr n` Elastbtuebõa ijn Uleb`n, Jst`il,ja slajnn`s sboubjatjs8
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NJOBUN@EBÕA N@ML]@N R UJOZ]BI@I ULEB@N @WNBE@I@
]JN@EBÕA JFWNJ@IL-JFWNJ@IL] JFWNJ@IL-JFWNJ @IL]
`. Wrltjojr y o`r o`r`atbz`r `atbz`r jn tr`m`hl iboal ja tli`s sus dlrf`s (elfuabt`rbl, jst`t`n, prbv`il y sleb`n ellpjr`tbvl) elasbijr`ail n` jqubi`i n`mlr`n, ij baorjsls y fjibl`fmbjat`n, `sæ elfl n` bou`ni`i ij lplrtuabi`ijs. m. Ibsjð`r, prlplajr y ellriba`r n` bfpnjfjat`ebõa ij ij plnætbe`s n`mlr`njs, n`mlr`nj s, ij jfpnjl y prjvbsbõa sleb`n ja jn f`rel ij n` jelalfæ` pnur`n, ijstba`i`s ` dlrt`njejr jn prlejsl elastrueebõa jst`t`n `utlaõfbel. e. O`r`atbz`r n` basjrebõa y jst`mbnbi`i n`mlr`n ij ij tli` n` plmn`ebõa, elasbijr`ail elasbijr`ail n` jqubi`i jqubi`i ij oâajrl, `sæ elfl ij n`s pjrsla`s ela ibse`p`ebi`i, prlcbmbjail jn ijspbil bahustbdbe`il. i. Wrlflvjr y o`r`atbz`r jn `eejsl `n tr`m`hl j ba`flvbnbi`i n`mlr`n ij n`s fuhjrjs ja jst`il ij jfm`r`zl y ijn prlojabtlr, c`st` quj n` cbh` l jn cbhl eufpn` ua `ðl ij ji`i. j. Wrltjojr n`s rj rjn`eblajs n`eblajs n`mlr`njs jfjrojatjs ij n` `etbvbi`i jelaõfbe` jelaõfbe` ij n`s pjqujð`s urm`a`s y `nqubjr rur`njs,ltr` plr dlrf` eujat` prlpb` yij d. uabi`ijs Jrr`ibe`r prliuetbv`s jn jn tr`m`hl tr`m`hl dlrzlsl l eu`nqubjr eu dlrf ` `aànlo` ijorjfb`nbst`s. jxpnlt`ebõa y sjrvbiufmrj. sjrvbiufmrj. o. Wrjvjabr y rjslnvjr nls eladnbetls baibvbiu`njs y elnjetbvls jfjrojatjs ij n`s rjn`eblajs n`mlr`njs. c. Ojajr`r n`s plnætbe`s y p prlor`f`s rlor`f`s p`r` n` jrr`ibe`ebõa jrr`ibe`ebõa or`iu`n ij n`s pjlrjs dlrf dlrf`s `s ijn tr`m`hl ij n`s abð`s, abðls y `ilnjsejatjs. b. O`r`atbz`r jn ijrjecl ij nls tr`m`h`ilrjs ` n` nbmrj sbaibe`nbz`ebõa y lro`abz`ebõa p`r` n` ijdjas` ij sus batjrjsjs, rjprjsjat`ebõa, n` prjsjrv`ebõa ij su p`trbflabl t`aobmnj j bat`aobmnj. h. Bfpuns`r, rjelalejr y o`r`atbz`r jn ijrjecl ` n` ajoleb`ebõa elnjetbv`, ja jn f`rel ijn ibànlol sleb`n y trbp`rtbsfl ja f`tjrb` ij tr`m`hl. k. Dlrfun`r plnætbe`s s`n`rb`njs y ij prliuetbvbi`i. n. Wrlflvjr y o`r`atbz`r n` nbmrj `sleb`ebõa ij jfprjs`rbls y `ojatjs prliuetbvls prliuetbvls ja jn f`rel f`rel ij n` jelalfæ` pnur`n. f. Wrlflvjr plnætbe`s ij jfpnjl, jspjeb`nfjatj ij hõvjajs, ela n` dba`nbi`i ij ojajr`r y f`atjajr elaibeblajs quj o`r`atbeja ` n`s tr`m`h`ilr`s y tr`m`h`ilrjs ua` leup`ebõa n`mlr`n ela iboabi`i. a. Dlrfun`r y jhjeut`r plnætbe`s `etbv`s y p`sbv`s p`sbv`s ij jfpnjl jfpnjl ` dba fjhlr`r fjhlr`r n`s elaibeblajs ij ij vbi` ij n` plmn`ebõa. l. Wrlflvjr y dlfjat`r jn ijs`rrlnnl ijs`rrlnnl sleb`n, jelaõfbel y prliuetbvl ijn sjetlr ellpjr`tbvl. ellpjr`tbvl. p. Dbse`nbz`r, supjrvbs`r y `ply`r ua` ojstbõa ojstbõa ellpjr`tbv` tr`asp`rjatj; tr`asp`rjatj; ibsplajr `eeblajs `eeblajs ij batjrvjaebõa ja e`sl ij baeufpnbfbjatl ij n` njy y ij sus alrf`s jst`tut`rb`s. q. Ojajr`r plnætbe`s ij prjvbsbõa sleb`n sleb`n ja n` pjrspjetbv` ij n` elastrueebõa ij ua sjourl sleb`n uabvjrs`n, slnbi`rbl y jqubt`tbvl, p`r` n` plmn`ebõa mlnbvb`a`. r. Dlrfun`r plnætbe`s plnætbe`s rjn`ebla`i`s ela jn sjrvbebl ebvbn, ebvbn, râobfja râobfja n`mlr`n, e`rrjr` `ifbabstr`tbv`, `ifbabstr`tbv`, rjobstrl, âtbe` y e`p`ebt`ebõa jfjrojatjs ijn væaeunl n`mlr`n jatrj jn Jst`il y n`s sjrvbilr`s y sjrvbilrjs pømnbels. s. Wrlflvjr y vbobn`r jn eufpnbfbjatl ij n` njobsn`ebõa a`ebla`n y nls elavjabls elavjabls batjra`ebla`njs ja f`tjrb` ij su elfpjtjaeb`.
Y]ÀFBYJU @AYJ JN FBABUYJ]BL IJ Y]@
[email protected] Fbabstjrbl ij Yr`m`hl js n` jae`ro`i` ij rjebmbr nls tràfbtjs ij n`s jfprjs`s prbv`i`s j bastbtueblajs pømnbe`s quj eufpn`a ela n`s lmnbo`eblajs jst`mnjebi`s ja n`s n `s njyjs. Yràfbtjs quj sj sbouja ja jn Fbabstjrbl ij Yr`m`hl.-
Jn Fbabstjrbl ij Yr`m`hl ij Mlnbvb` eujat` ela ua` Ldbeba` Tbrtu`n ij Yràfbtjs (LTY), ` n` quj sj baorjs` ij n`Lmnbo`tlrbl ibrjeebõa8 www.lvt.fbatr`m`hl.olm.ml. Ja n`ibrjet`fjatj LTY sj c`ej`jntr`vâs ]jobstrl Lm nbo`tlrbl ij Jfpnj`ilrjs (]LJ) y sj rj`nbz` ij ij f`ajr` ibob ibobt`n t`n n` prjsjat`ebõa ij pn`abnn`s, plr p`rtj ijn sjetlr prbv`il quj bavlnuer` ` slebji`ijs elfjreb`njs, ellpjr`tbv`s y `sleb`eblajs ebvbnjs, jatrj ltr`s. Wlr jn sjetlr pømnbel t`fmbâa t`fmbâa js lmnbo`tlrbl jn rjobstrl ij jfpnj`ilrjs, quj baenuyj ` nls lro`absfls quj elfprjaija jn Jst`il Wnurba`ebla`n, `sæ elfl t`fmbâa nls olmbjrals `utõalfls ijp`rt`fjat`njs, rjobla`njs, fuabebp`njs j baiæoja`s; n`s uabvjrsbi`ijs, bastbtueblajs m`ae`rb`s y n`s bastbtueblajs ij sjourbi`i sleb`n. W`r` ijspjh`r eu`nqubjr eu`nqubjr iui`, n` LTY plaj ` ibsplsbebõa ij n` ebui`i`aæ` n`s ouæ`s y tutlrb`njs. @ tr`vâs ijn plrt`n ijn Fbabstjrbl Fbabstjrbl ij Yr`m`hl sj sj pujija c`ejr ibvjrsls ibvjrsls tràfbtjs, tràfbtjs, ` n` vjz quj sj pujija ijse`ro`r nls dlrfun`rbls quj sla rjqujrbils. Jatrj nls tràfbtjs tràfbtjs quj `p`rjeja ja n` pàoba` wjm ijn fbabstjrbl, fbabstjrbl, sj jaeujatr` jn rjobstrl ij prldjsbla`njs y tâeabels ja cbobjaj y n` elastbtuebõa ij nls rjspjetbvls elfbtâs fbxtls. @sbfbsfl, sj jaeujatr`a nls dlrfun`rbls p`r` n` `utlrbz`ebõa ij tr`m`hl p`r` hõvjajs jatrj 09 y 03 `ðls, `sæ elfl jn flijnl p`r` jn elatr`tl baibvbiu`n ij tr`m`hl p`r` nls `s`n`rb`ils ijn clo`r. Bou`nfjatj, sj ijse`ro` plr jstj plrt`n n` nbmrjt` p`r` n` e`aejn`ebõa ij s`n`rbls y ij e`p`ebt`ebõa ja sjourbi`i y s`nui p`r` nls `s`n`rb`ils ijn clo`r. @ijfàs, sj `eejij ` nls rjqubsbtls y pn`abnn`s p`r` n` Ijen`r`ebõa Ijen`r`ebõa Hur`i` dujr` ij pn`zl, `sæ elfl t`fmbâa ysjn`ijse`ro`a nls dlrfun`rbls p`r` dbabqubtls, ij `ouba`nils pn`abnn` rjtrl`etbv` ij baerjfjatl s`n`rb`n. n`s pn`abnn`s ij prbf`s, n`s pn`abnn`s
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W`o.
NJOBUN@EBÕA N@ML]@N R UJOZ]BI@I ULEB@N @WNBE@I@
]JN@EBÕA JFWNJ@IL-JFWNJ@IL] JFWNJ@IL-JFWNJ @IL]
Ouæ`s (LTY) p`r` tràfbtjs `atj jn Fbabstjrbl ij Yr`m`hl, Jfpnjl y Wrjvbsbõa Uleb`n.Jn Fbabstjrbl ij Yr`m`hl, Jfpnjl y Wrjvbsbõa Uleb`n, ` tr`vâs ij n` Ldbeba` Tbrtu`n ij Yràfbtjs (LTY), quj nj pjrfbtj sbfpnbdbe`r sus tràfbtjs ij dlrf` jnjetrõabe`, y c`ejr sjoubfbjatl y elatrln ij su badlrf`ebõa ja tlil flfjatl, plaj ` su ibsplsbebõa n`s sboubjatjs ouæ`s p`r` tràfbtjs8 @ne`aej ij n` ouæ` ij rjobstrl ij su jfprjs` `atj jn fbabstjrbl ij tr`m`hl Jn F`au`n ij Wrlejsls y Wrlejibfbjatls, `m`re` prlejsls ij n` Ibrjeebõa Ojajr`n ij Yr`m`hl, Cbobjaj y Ujourbi`i Leup`ebla`n y ij n` Ibrjeebõa Ojajr`n ij @suatls Ubaibe`njs, ij `eujril `n sboubjatj ijt`nnj8 Ibrjeebõa Ojajr`n ij Yr`m`hl, Cbobjaj y Ujourbi`i Leup`ebla`n 0. Wrjsjat`ebõa ]jobstrl Lmnbo`tlrbl ij Jfpnj`ilrjs - ]LJ =. Yrbfjstr`n Yrbfjstr`n ij Wn`abnn`s ij Uujnils y U`n`rbls y @eebijatjs ij Yr`m`hl 5. Tbs`il ij Wn`abnn`s ij @ouba`nil 9. ]jobstrl ij Dbabqubtls :. ]jobstrl y Tbs`il ij ij Elatr`tls Elatr`tls ij Yr`m`hl (A`ebla`njs) 4. ]jobstrl y Tbs`il ij ij Elatr`tls Elatr`tls ij Yr`m`hl (Jxtr`ahjrls) ?. Ubstjf` ij ]jobstrl ij @sbstjaeb` 3. ]jobstrl Elavjabl U`n`rb`n 2. ]jobstrl ij Elavjabls N`mlr`n 07. Dlails ja Eustlib` 00. Baorjsl y ]jvbsbõa ij Wn`ajs ij Cbobjaj y Ujourbi`i Leup`ebla`n y F`au`n ij Wrbfjrls @uxbnbls 0=. Tjrbdbe`ebõa y @prlm`ebõa ij Wn`ajs ij Cbobjaj y Ujourbi`i Leup`ebla`n y F`au`n ij Wrbfjrls @uxbnbls 05. ]jobstrl A`ebla`n ij Wrldjsbla`njs / Yâeabels ij Ujourbi`i Leup`ebla`n y Fjib`a` ijn Yr`m`hl 09. Elfbtâs Fbxtls ij Cbobjaj y Ujourbi`i Leup`ebla`n Leup`ebla`n 0:. Ibsjðl ij E`p`ebt`ebõa ja Cbobjaj y Ujourbi`i Leup`ebla`n Leup`ebla`n 04. Wrlor`f`ebõa, Jhjeuebõa Jhjeuebõa y Jv`nu`ebõa ij n` E`p`ebt`ebõa ja Cbobjaj y Ujourbi`i Leup`ebla`n. 0?. ltrls.
5.=.
Tbs`ebõa ijn elatr`tl ij tr`m`hl y rjqubsbtls p`r` jn jn vbs`il.Tbstl mujal l `utlrbz`ebõa quj sj c`ej elast`r ja nls ileufjatls quj sj prjsjat` `n Fbabstjrbl ij Yr`m`hl p`r` `utlrbz`r ij dlrf` jn tr`m`hl ij dlrf` njo`n quj rj`nbz`rà n` l jn tr`m`h`ilr jxtr`ahjrl ja ua` ijtjrfba`i` jfprjs`. ]jslnuebõa Fbabstjrb`n 3::/=709, @rtbeunl 05, ij 00 ij ibebjfmrj ij =709.B. W`r` jn vbs`il ij elatr`tls ij tr`m`h`ilrjs jxtr`ahjrls, jn jfpnj`ilr tjairà ua târfbal ij trjbat` (57) iæ`s e`njai`rbl elfput`mnj ` p`rtbr ij n` djec` ij dbrf` ijn elatr`tl, p`r` jdjetu`r su slnbebtui `atj jn Fbabstjrbl ij Yr`m`hl, JyWU. BB. Jn vbs`il ij elatr`tls elatr`tls ij tr`m`h`ilrjs tr`m`h`ilrjs a`ebla`njs, prlejijrà ` slnbebtui slnbebtui ijn jfpnj`ilr l ijn tr`m`h`ilr prjvbl eufpnbfbjatl ij nls rjqubsbtls y prlejibfbjatls p rlejibfbjatls jst`mnjebils ……………
]jqubsbtls ij Tbs`ebla ij elatr`tls ij Yr`m`hl p`r` Wjrsla`n A`ebla`n. 0. Elatr`tl ij tr`m`hl ja trbpnj jhjfpn`r lrboba`njs, dbrf`ils dbrf`ils plr n` jfprjs` y tr`m`h`ilr. =. Dltlelpb` ij e`rajt e`rajt ij ij bijatbi`i ijn rjprjsjat`atj njo`n. 5. Dltlelpb` ij e`rajt ij bijatbi`i ijn tr`m`h`ilr. tr`m`h`ilr. 9. Ijpõsbtl m`ae`rbl plr n` suf` ij Ms xx ` n` eujat` A· ijn 0-47549=: ijn M`ael ij n` Zabõa. :. Dltlelpb` sbfpnj sbfpnj Ejrtbdbe`il ij ]jobstrl ij ij Jfpnj`ilr Jfpnj`ilr ]jqubsbtls ij Tbs`ebla ijij elatr`tls ij Yr`m`hl p`r` Lmnbo`tlrbl Wjrsla`n Jxtr`ahjrl. 0. E`rt` ij slnbebtui slnbebtui ibrbobi` `n Fbabstjrbl Fbabstjrbl ij Yr`m`hl, Yr`m`hl, Jfpnjl y Wrjvbsla Uleb`n, baibe`ail p`r` quj tbpl ij tràfbtj slnbebt` n` vbs`ebla. =. Eu`trl jhjfpn`rjs ijn ijn elatr`tl ij tr`m`hl ijmbi`fjatj sjnn`il y ddbrf`il brf`il plr n` jfprjs` y jn tr`m`h`ilr ij a`ebla`nbi`i jxtr`ahjr` 5. Wrjsjat`r dltlelpb` dltlelpb` sbfpnj sbfpnj ijn ABY ij n` jfprjs` jfprjs` elatr`t`atj. 9. Wrjsjat`r dltlelpb` dltlelpb` sbfpnj ijn e`rajt ij bijatbi`i ijn rjprjsjat`atj njo`n ij n` jfprjs` elatr`t`atj. :. Wrjsjat`r dltlelpb` sbfpnj sbfpnj ijn p`s`plrtj y n` untbf` untbf` vbs` ela n` quj sj sj jaeujatr` jn jxtr`ahjrl. 4. Dltlelpb` sbfpnj ij ejrtbdbe`il ij ]LJ ?. Elfprlm`atj ij ijpõsbtl m`ae`rbl ` n` eujat` eujat` A· ijn 0-47549=: 0-47549=: ijn M`ael Zabõa elfl elfl elstl `ifbabstr`tbvl p`r` n` vbs`ebla y/l njo`nbz`ebõa ijn elatr`tl ij tr`m`hl p`r` pjrsla`n jxtr`ahjrl plr n` suf` ij Ms xx.3. Wn`abnn` ij sujnils y s` s`n`rbls n`rbls y/l s`n`rbl e`aejn`il, e`aejn`il, p`r` vj vjrbdbe`r rbdbe`r jn 3:% ij eeupl upl p`r` pjrsla`n a`ebla`n y jn 0: % ij eupl p`r` pjrsla`n jxtr`ahjrl.
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Ujoøa n` ]jon`fjat`ebõa `ajxl `ajxl ` n` ]jslnuebõa ]jslnuebõa Fbabstjrb`n 3:9/=709
5.5.
Funt`s `pnbe`mnjs.Ja jn prjsjatj puatl ja jspjeædbel tr`t`fls slmrj n`s funt`s `n baeufpnbfbjatl ijn vbs`il ijn elatr`tl ij tr`m`hl. Puj n` Njy Ojajr`n ijn Yr`m`hl ja su `rtæeunl 0=0 jst`mnjej quj nls Hujejs ij Yr`m`hl y Ujourbi`i Uleb`n, s`aebla`r`a n`s badr`eeblajs ` njyjs sleb`njs, ela funt`s ij mlnbvb`als ua fbn mlnbvb`als ibjz fbn, sjoøa nls e`sls baibvbiu`njs ij badr`eebõa. ]jslnuebõa Fbabstjrb`n 3::/=709, @rtbeunl @rtbeunl 0=, ij 00 i ijj ibebjfmrj ij =709.Nls erbtjrbls ij `pnbe`ebõa ij funt` p`r`8 0. Badr`eebõa ` Njy Uleb`n. =. @eebõa u lfbsbõa quj pjrhuibquj pjrhuibquj jn sjrvbebl ijn Fbabstjrbl ij Yr`m`hl, pjrturmj l bfpbi` su tr`m`hl eladlrfj prjvâ jn `rtæeunl =5? ijn Eõibol Wrlejs`n ijn Yr`m`hl 5. D`nt` ij vbs`il ij elatr`tls n`mlr`njs n`mlr`njs jxtr`ahjrls jxtr`ahjrls ijatrl ijn pn`zl pn`zl jst`mnjebil. 9. Tbln`ebõa ij dujrl sbaibe`n, sj m`s`r`a ja n` sboubjatj jse`n`.
Y`fmbâa jxbstj ijatrl ij n` rjslnuebõa fbabstjrb`n 3::/09 ua` alfba` l nbst`il ` nls eu`njs sj pujij baeufpnbr ja n` n ` prjsjat`ebõa l rjplrtj `n fbabstjrbl ij tr`m`hl. Tjr ]jslnuebõa Fbabstjrb`n 3::/=709
5.9.
Elatr`tls elfl elasuntlrjs.Ula elatr`tls ij elasuntlræ` nls quj ejnjmrja n`s jatbi`ijs jst`t`njs rjdjrbi`s ` nls jstuibls ajejs`rbls p`r` n` jhjeuebõa ij prlyjetls ij bavjrsbõa, jstuibls ij ib`oaõstbel, prjd`etbmbnbi`i l d`etbmbnbi`i p`r` prlor`f`s l prlyjetls jspjeædbels, `sæ elfl n`s `sjslræ`s tâeabe`s ij ellriba`ebõa, elatrln y supjrvbsbõa. Za elasuntlr (ijn (ijn n`tæa elasuntus quj sboabdbe` "`sjslr`fbjatl") js ua prldjsbla`n quj prlvjj ij elasjhl jxpjrtl ja ua ilfbabl p`rtbeun`r l àrj` ij jxpjrbjaeb`, sj` f`atjabfbjatl, elat`mbnbi`i, tjealnloæ`, pumnbebi`i, njobsn`ebõa, ibsjðl, rjeursls cuf`als, vjat`s, `rtj, fjibeba`, dba`az`s, rjn`eblajs pømnbe`s Ujoøa n` ]jslnuebõa ij n` @utlrbi`i ja Wjasblajs @W0=2/=700 jst`mnjej nls tbpls ij elasuntlrjs p`r` jatbi`ijs pømnbe`s y prbv`i`s ja Mlnbvb` y rjon`fjat` n`s lmnbo`eblajs ijn elasuntlr (y` al ibo`fls tr`m`h`ilr) y ij n` jatbi`i.
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]JN@EBÕA JFWNJ@IL-JFWNJ@IL] JFWNJ@IL-JFWNJ @IL]
W`r` sjr elasbijr`il elfl Elasuntlr ja jn Ubstjf` Batjor`n ij Wjasblajs (UBW), sj ijmj eufpnbr n`s sboubjatjs e`r`etjræstbe`s ij f`ajr` elahuat`8 `. Ujr pjrsla` a`tur`n. m. Puj su elatr`t`atj elatr`t`atj sj` ua` pjrsla` pjrsla` Huræibe`. e. Yjajr suserbtl ua Elatr`tl ij Wrjst`eblajs Wrjst`eblajs ij Ujrvbebls ij Elasuntlræ`. i. Puj n` rjtrbmuebõa ijn Elatr`tl ij Wrjst`ebõa ij Ujrvbebls ij Elasuntlræ` al sj` plr Elfbsbõa. j. Puj jn Ylt`n Fjasu`n Fjasu`n l Baorjsl Eltbz`mnj Eltbz`mnj sj` bou`n l supjrblr ` ua U`n`rbl Fæabfl A`ebla`n, vbojatj ` n` djec` ij p`ol. d. Puj n` iur`ebõa ijn ijn Elatr`tl ij Wrjst`ebõa Wrjst`ebõa ij Ujrvbebls ij Elasuntlræ` sj` bou`n l f`ylr ` trjbat` (57) iæ`s e`njai`rbl, y quj jn sjrvbebl sj` prjst`il plr `n fjals vjbatj (=7) iæ`s, elasbijr`ail elfl iæ` tr`m`h`il jn rj`nbz`il plr `n fjals lecl (3) clr`s elatbau`s l ibselatbau`s. Ybpls ij elasuntlrjs. Elasuntlr ij Næaj`.Elasuntlr plr Wrliuetl.Elasuntlr.-
Ijdbabebõa. Js n` pjrsla` a`tur`n quj prjst` Ujrvbebls ij Elasuntlræ` ij Næaj` ja jn sjetlr pømnbel. Js n` pjrsla` a`tur`n quj prjst` ual l fàs Ujrvbebls ij ij Elasuntlræ` ja jn sjetlr pømnbel. Js tli` pjrsla` a`tur`n quj prjst` sjrvbebls ja ua` jatbi`i prbv`i`, ja jn f`rel ij ua` rjn`ebõa elatr`etu`n ebvbn.
W`r` quj sj jdjetøj jn p`ol, jn ELAUZNYL] ijmjrà jfbtbr n` rjspjetbv` d`etur` ldbeb`n plr jn `atbebpl eu`ail jstj jxbst` y plr jn flatl ijn p`ol ` d`vlr ij n` JAYBI@I. Jn p`ol ij bfpujstls ij Njy js rjsplas`mbnbi`i jxenusbv` ijn/n` elasuntlr/` ijmbjail prjsjat`r su d`etur`, e`sl elatr`rbl n` JAYBI@I `etu`rà elfl `ojatj ij rjtjaebõa ij nls bfpujstls ij Njy (0:,:%). Jn/n` elasuntlr/` jstà lmnbo`il `n p`ol ij elatrbmueblajs `n Ubstjf` Batjor`n ij Wjasblajs (UBW) plr e`i` p`ol øabel l p`reb`njs, sbjail rjsplas`mbnbi`i ibrjet` ijn/n` elasuntlr` ij prjsjat`r dltlelpb` ij su Dlrfun`rbl ij W`ol ij Elatrbmueblajs ij @sjour`ils Baijpjaibjatjs (Jstj rjqubsbtl js sjoøa nl ibspujstl ja n` Njy Al. 4: y I. U. 7??3).
5.:.
Jn pjrblil ij prujm`.Jn pjrblil ij prujm` js t`fmbâa nn`f`il elatr`tl ij prujm` l ij jas`yl, slnl sj lpjr` ja nls elatr`tls plr tbjfpl baijdbabil, jsua`d`sj prjnbfba`r ij æailnj jxpjrbfjat`n jxpjrbfjat`n iur`atj jn tbjfpl ja jn quj jn tr`m`h`ilr ijfujstr` ua` `ptbtui l `i`pt`ebõa ` n` t`rj` jaelfjai`i`, sbjail ua` lplrtuabi`i p`r` jn tr`m`h`ilr ijflstr`r ua`e`nbdbe`ebõa ijtjrfba`i`, ijtjrfba`i`, su e`p`ebi`i y jdbebjaeb`, j dbebjaeb`, ij `eujril `n rjaibfbjatl dæsbel j batjnjetu`n y ` su vjz badlrf`rsj slmrj n` vbi` batjra` ijn jst`mnjebfbjatl, sus elstufmrjs elstufmrjs y p`rtbeun`rbi`ijs, p`rtbeun`rbi`ijs, plabjail ` prujm` n`s elaibeblajs ij tr`m`hl y ijn p`trõa, elfprlm`ail elfprlm`ail sb nj elavbjaj l al, prbaebp`nfjatj prbaebp`nfjatj jstj pjrblil ij prujm` pjrfbtj pjrfbtj `n p`trõa sjnjeebla`r ` su pjrsla`n, plr nl t`atl jn pjrblil ij prujm` js elavjabjatj p`r` `fmls elatr`t`atjs y plr jstl fbsfl elavbjaj quj n`s p`rtjs `atjs ij p`et`r ja dlrf` ijdbabtbv` sj elalze`a pjrsla`nfjatj.(Jn pjrsla`nfjatj.(Jn F`au`n Wràetbel N`mlr`n ij F`rel @ Ibek) ]jtbr`il jn Jfpnj`il u Lmrjrl.@rtbeunl 05¸ Njy ij 3 ij ibebjfmrj ibebjfmrj ij 029=. 029=. Njy flibdbe`i` flibdb e`i` quj ibrà8 Eu`ail dujrj rjtbr`il jn jfpnj`il u lmrjrl plr e`us`n `hja` ` su vlnuat`i, jn p`trlal jst`rà lmnbo`il baijpjaibjatjfjatj ijn lijs`cuebl, baijfabz`rnj plr tbjfpl ij sjrvbebls, n` suf` jqubv`njatj ` ua fjs ij sujnil s`n`rbl plr` e`i` `ðl ij tr`m`hl elatbaul; y sb nls ela sjrvbebls al `ne`az`rja ` ua `ðl, ja dlrf` prlplrebla`n ` nls fjsjs tr`m`h`ils ijselatàailnls trjs prbfjrls fjsjs quj sj rjput`a ij prujm` jxejptl ja nls elatr`tls ij tr`m`hl plr tbjfpl ijtjrfba`il quj al sudrbràa abaoøa ijseujatl ij tbjfpl.
Ybjfpl ij Ujrvbebls.a lvbjfmrj ij 0299 flibdbe`tlrb` ijn @rt. =7 ij nn` ` N.O.Y.8 @rtbeunl =7¸ Njy ij = ij alvbjfmrj W`r` nls jdjetls ijn ijs`cuebl, baijfabz`ebõa, rjtbrl dlrzlsl l vlnuat`rbl, jn tbjfpl ij sjrvbebls p`r` jfpnj`ils y lmrjrls sj elfput`rà ` p`rtbr ij n` djec` jaquj âstls dujrla elatr`t`ils, vjrm`nfjatj l plr jserbtl, baenuyâailnls fjsjs quj sj rjput`a ij prujm` prujm` Jxejpebõa ijn pjrblil ij prujm`.I.U A¸ 0?=37 ij 03 f`rzl ij 0237 Wlstun`atjs quj plsjja tætunls tætunls uabvjrsbt`rbls, ejrtbdbe`il ij bastbtutls, ejatrls ij jasjð`az` jasjð`az` l e`p`ebt`ebõa, elfl ij pjrsla`s `pt`s p`r` jn tr`m`hl y quj `erjibtja su bilajbi`i prldjsbla`n. @ifbtbils `n tr`m`hl fjib`atj fjib`atj elaeursl ij fârbtls l jx`fja jx`fja ij elfpjtjaeb`. Nls rjelatr`t`ils. N`s rjn`eblajs ij tr`m`hl plr ebjrtl tbjfpl tbjfpl l rj`nbz`ebõa ij lmr` l sjrv sjrvbebl bebl ijtjrfba`ail l ij elrt` iur`ebõa.
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5.4.
]JN@EBÕA JFWNJ@IL-JFWNJ@IL] JFWNJ@IL-JFWNJ @IL]
Ileufjatls ij pjrsla`n.Wliræ`fls ijebr quj tbjaj rjn`ebõa ela jn Eurrbeunuf Tbt`j, jn eu`n js aujstr` t`rhjt` ij prjsjat`ebõa, ijmj rjdnjh`r al slnl aujstr` dlrf`ebõa y jxpjrbjaeb` sb al t`fmbâa nl rjn`ebla`il ela aujstr`s e`p`ebi`ijs y `ptbtuijs. Js ajejs`rbl tjajr ua `recbvl pjrf`ajatj ijatrl ij n` jfprjs` ilaij sj puji` vjrbdbe`r jn dbnj ij e`i` ijpjaibjatj y ilaij jstj su cbstlrb`n, ij tlil su elfplrt`fbjatl l ijsjfpjðl ijatrl ij n` jfprjs`, n` ileufjat`ebõa quj sj alfba` ` elatbau`ebõa slnl js jauaeb`tbvl y al nbfbt`tbvl. 0. Dlnijrs l Dbnj `pjrtur`il ij dlrf` jspjeædbe` j baibvbiu`n p`r` jn pjrsla`n. =. Cln` ij Tbi` ]jsufja 5. Ibpnlf` Wrldjsbla`n ij su jspjeb`nbi`i (sb elrrjsplaij) ―
9. :. 4. ?. 3.
Yætunl ja ij Wrlvbsbõa A`ebla`n (sb ij elrrjsplaij) su jspjeb`nbi`i (sb elrrjsplaij) Jstuibls Jspjeb`nbz`ebõa Jstuibls ij E`p`ebt`ebõa (sb elrrjsplaij) Elatr`tl ij Yr`m`hl. Dltlelpb`s ij ileufjat`ebõa pjrsla`n8 `. E`rajt ij Bijatbi`i m. Ejrtbdbe`il ij A`ebfbjatl e. Nbmrjt` ij Ujrvbebl Fbnbt`r (T`rlajs). i. Ltrls 2. Fjflr`aiuf ij alfmr`fbjatl 07. @TE ij n` EAU (ij `nt` l m`h` ij dbnb`ebõa) `flajst`eblajs 00. Fjflr`aiuf ij djnbebt`eblajs y `flajst`eblajs o `r`atæ` n`mlr`njs (sb elrrjsplaij). 0=. E`rt`s ij rjelfjai`ebõa l o`r`atæ` 05. II.HH. l Elfprlm`atj ij ilfbebnbl. ilfbebnbl. 09. Nbqubi`eblajs W`reb`njs ij dbabqubtl 0:. Jte. Eu`at` fàs ileufjat`ebõa dbrf`i` tjao`fls, fjhlr. Js bfplrt`atj quj jn njo`hl jstâ elfpnjtl y sj` ua` cjrr`fbjat` y al ua fjrl eufpnbfbjatl dlrf`n.
5.?.
Batjrprjt`ebõa ijn Elatr`tl Elatr`tl ij Yr`m`hl ijsij jn àfmbtl elat`mnj.Ijsij jn àfmbtl elat`mnj jn elatr`tl ij tr`m`hl sj pujij bijatbdbe`r ja trjs flfjatls. 0.- Flfjatl ij n` dbrf` ijn elatr`tl.Ja jst` jt`p` al sj tbjaj abaoua` rjnjv`aeb` ja nl elat`mnj, sln`fjatj sla elaibebla`atjs duturls quj plirà tjajr jdjetl, jstj flfjatl sj pujij e`nbdbe`r slnl ij dlrf`nbsfl l `eujril elatr`etu`njs ij `spjetl njo`njs =.Flfjatl ij n` vbojaeb` ijn Elatr`tl.Ja jst` jt`p` ijmj rjobstr`sj elat`mnjfjatj jn eufpnbfbjatl ijn p`ol sjoøa sj f`abdbjst` ja jn elatr`tl ij tr`m`hl, elfl sjr Uujnils, U`n`rbls u clalr`rbls prldjsbla`njs ij dlrf` fjasu`n, onlm`n l p`reb`n, jorjsls ijn jdjetbvl quj sj elasbijr`a ua o`stl p`r` n` jfprjs`. 5.Flfjatl ijn Wlst Elatr`tl.Ja jst` jt`p` t`fmbâa ijmj rjobstr`sj elat`mnjfjatj jn eufpnbfbjatl ijn p`ol sjoøa sj f`abdbjst` ja jn elatr`tl ij tr`m`hl y ja jspjeædbel ja n` clh` ij dbabqubtl, elfl jn ij ijs`cuebl, baijfabz`ebõa, v`e`eblajs, `ouba`nil y ltrls pjaibjatjs p`r` i`r dba l i`r plr elaenubil `n elatr`tl ij tr`m`hl.
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