Tema 1introduccion A La Anatomia

 

XLOC 30 NKXTBH\MMNÝK Gc ckctboïc lstuhnc gc lstrumturc y gc abroc hlg mulrpb, csï onsob lstuhnc sus pcrtls u ýreckbs y gcs rlgcmnbkls qul fcy lktrl lggbs. Gc pcgcdrc ckctboïc prbvnlkl hl gcs pcgcdrcs ernlecs ckc qul sneknan sneknanmc mc slpcrcr slpcrcr y tboïc hl mbrtcr mbrtcr,, puls puls gc Ckctboï Ckctboïc c fuockc fuockc mbob hnsmnp hnsmnpgnk gnkc c obhlrkc sl rlobktc cg Tlkcmnonlktb, muckhb sl hnslmmnbkcdck mchãvlrls hl mulrpbs fuockbs b nkmgusb cknocgls mbkslrvckhb lk cgmbfbg sus ýreckbs pcrc su bdslrvcmnýk. Zbr su pcrtl gc ansnbgbeïc lstuhnc mýob aukmnbkck lg mulrpb y sus pcrtls (hl pfysnb (hl  pfysnb,, kcturcglzc y gbeïc, lstuhnb hl). Cg neucg qul gc ckctboïc, sl sudhnvnhl lk vcrncs hnsmnpgnkcs. Zbr l`lopgb, gc klurbansnbgbeïc lxpgnmc lxpgn mc lg aukmnbkconl aukmnbkconlktb ktb hlg snstloc snstloc klrvnbsb klrvnbsb y gc mcrhnbans mcrhnbansnbgbe nbgbeïc ïc lstuhnc lg aukmnbkconlktb hlg mbrczýk, qul cmtðc mbob ukc dbodc ousmugcr pcrc ocktlklr lg agu`b sckeuïklb pbr lg mulrpb. Gc ckctboïc y gc ansnbgbeïc lstãk lstrlmfcolktl rlgcmnbkchcs, rlgcmnbkchcs, puls gcs pcrtls hlg mulrpb fuockb abrock ukc uknhch dnlk brecknzchc y mchc ukc hl lggcs hlsloplóc uk pcplg hltlronkchb l noprlsmnkhndgl lk lg mbrrlmtb aukmnbkconlktb hlg brecknsob mbob uk tbhb. Mbob vlrlobs c gb gcreb hlg mursb gc lstrumturc hl uk ýreckb u btrc pcrtl hlg mulrpb prlhltlronkc quî aukmnbkls pulhlk rlcgnzcrsl9 pbr l`lopgb, gcs pcrlhls ousmugcrls hlg mbrczýk acmngntck qul pulhck dbodlcr  sckerl, gbs pugobkls lk mcodnb lk gbs cgvîbgbs tnlkl ukcs pcrlhls ouy hlgechcs, gb qul plrontl nktlrmcodncr gbs ecsls y prbpbrmnbkcr bxïelkb cg mulrpb.

XLTONKBGBEÏC DÃ]NMC Mbob bmurrl lk btrcs mnlkmncs, lk ckctboïc kbs lkarlktcobs c ukc tlronkbgbeïc lsplmncgnzchc. Zbr hlsercmnc, sbk nklvntcdgls gcs mbkausnbkls sn sl mcrlml hlg vbmcdugcrnb vbmcdugcrnb suanmnlktl. Zcrc lvntcr  ocglkt ocg lktlkh lkhnh nhbs, bs, gb gbs s lxplrt lxplrtbs bs lk ck ckctb ctboïc oïc utngnz utngnzck ck uk mbk`uk mbk`uktb tb hl tîr tîron onkbs kbs qul plront plrontlk lk gc gbmcgnzcmn gbmcg nzcmnýk ýk l nhlktnanmc nhlktnanmcmnýk mnýk hl gcs hnalrlktls hnalrlktls lstrumturcs lstrumturcs hlg mulrpb mulrpb lk cplkcs ukbs sleukhbs. Qcobs c vlr0

3. ZB ZB]N ]NMN MNBK BK C CKC KCXÝ XÝON ONMC MC Gc pbsnmnýk ckctýonmc ls uk oîtbhb lstãkhcr hl bdslrvcr lg mulrpb pcrc lstuhnbs y rlalrlkmncs ckctýo ckc týonmc nmcs. s. ]cgvb ]cgvb qul sl hnec hnec mgcrc mgcrcol olktl ktl,, snlop snloprl rl sl csuol qul lg mulrpb sl fcggc

lk lstc lstc pbsn pbsnmn mnýk ýk

kbrocgnzchc, gc pbsnmnýk ckctýonmc. Muckhb lstã lk pbsnmnýk ckctýonmc, lg su`ltb lstã0  ”hl pnl, hlrlmfb hlrlmfb  ”mcrc cg bdslrvchbr, bdslrvchbr, mbk gc mcrc c su knvlg  ”b`bs onrckhb onrckhb fcmnc hlgcktl hlgcktl  ”pnls pgckbs pgckbs slpcrchbs lk lg lg sulgb  ”drczbs hlspglechbs hlspglechbs c codbs codbs gchbs

 

 ”pcgocs vulgtcs vulgtcs fcmnc hlgcktl hlgcktl Gc pbsnmnýk ckctýonmc ls snongcr c gc pbsnmnýk gc  pbsnmnýk hl anrols, plrb olkbs mýobhc, pbrqul gcs pcgocs sl ocktnlklk onrckhb fcmnc hlgcktl (mbk gbs pugecrls cgl`chbs hlg mulrpb) lk guecr hl ocktlklrsl hl abroc kcturcg onrckhb fcmnc gbs ousgbs

4. ZC ZCTX TXL] L] HL HLG GM M\L \LTZ TZB B Zbhlobs hnvnhnr kulstrb mulrpb lk0 

Mcdlzc



Mulggb



Xrbkmb



Lxtrlonhchls  C su vlz lg trbkmb trbkmb pbhlobs hn hnvnhnrgb vnhnrgb lk0





Xbrcx  Cdhbolk



Zlgvns



Pbkc hbrscg b lspcghc

=. ZG ZGCK CKB] B] C CKC KCXÝ XÝON ONMB MB] ] Gbs pgckbs pgckbs sbk suplran suplranmnl mnls s no nocen cenkcr kcrncs ncs pgckcs pgckcs qul hnvnhlk hnvnhlk lg mulrpb mulrpb b sus ýreckb ýreckbs s lk zbkcs zbkcs hlanknhcs, gc suplranmnl qul qulhc lxpulstc sl ggcoc slmmnýk. Muckhb sl bdslrvc gcs lstrumturcs nktlrkcs hlg mulrpb, gb qul sl vl ls ukc slmmnýk b mbrtl. Lg mbrtl tlýrnmcolktl sl rlcgnzc c trcvîs hl gc pcrlh mbrpbrcg b hl uk ýreckb, sneunlkhb ukc sup suplra lranmn nmnl l no nocen cenkcr kcrnc nc qul ls uk pgckb. pgckb. Zuls Zu lstb tb qul qul lg mu mulr lrpb pb ls tr trnh nhno nolk lksn snbk bkcg cg,, pbhl pbhlob obs s fcml fcmlrr rl rlalr alrlk lkmnc mnc c trls trls tnp tnpbs bs hl pgckbs qul abrock ãkeugbs rlmtbs lktrl sï. Lg pgckb scentcg pgckb scentcg ls uk mbrtl c gb gcreb hlg pgckb gbkent gbk entuhn uhnkcg kcg hlg mulrpb mulrpb qul gb hnvnhl hnvnhl csï lk pcrtls hlrlmfc l nzqunlrhc. C codbs gchbs hlg pgckb olhnb lxnstlk ougtntuh hl pgckbs pcrcglgbs c îg, ggcochbs pcrcscentcgls. Lg pgckb arbktcg ls uk pgckb gbkentuhnkcg qul hnvnhl lg mulrpb (b uk ýreckb) lk pcrtls cktlrnbr y pbstlrnbr. Xcodnîk sl ggcoc pgckb mbrbkcg.

 

Lg pgckb trcksvlrscg ls uk mbrtl qul sneul uk pgckb fbrnzbktcg pcrcglgb cg sulgb y sulgb y hnvnhl mbk lggb lg mulrpb b lg ýreckb lk pcrtls suplrnbr l nkalrnbr. Lk rlsuolk, gbs prnkmnpcgls pgckbs sbk0 3. Zgckbs lk slktnhb

vlrtnmcg 0

c. Zgckb scentcg (tcodnîk ggcochb gbkentuhnkcg) gbkentuhnkcg)  ”hnvnhl lg mulrpb mulrpb (u ýreckb) ýreckb) lk sus gchbs gchbs hlrlmfb l nzqunlrhb nzqunlrhb  ”elklrcgolktl  ”elklrcg olktl pgckb olhnb-scentcg olhnb-scentcg qu qul l prbhuml hbs gchbs gchbs neucgls neucgls d. Zgckb arbktcg b mbrbkcg, pcsc pbr gc mnsurc mbrbkcg qul slpcrc lg fulsb arbktcg hl gbs pcrnltcgls  ”hnvnhl lg mulrpb mulrpb (u ýreckb) ýreckb) lk su pbrmnýk pbrmnýk arbktcg (cktlrnbr) (cktlrnbr) y trcslrc (pbstlrnbr) (pbstlrnbr) 4. Zgckb trcksvlrscg u fbrnzbktcg (cxncg lk rchnbgbeïc)   ”hnvnhl lg mulrpb mulrpb (u ýreckb) ýreckb) lk gc pbrmnýk pbrmnýk suplrnbr l nkalrnbr  nkalrnbr 

8. XL XLTO TONK NKB] B] H HNT NTLM LMMN MNBK BKCG CGL] L] Gbs tîronkbs hl hnrlmmnýk plrontlk cg plrsbkcg oîhnmb y c gbs lsplmncgnstcs lk ckctboïc lxpgnmcr  hýkhl sl lkmulktrc ukc lstrumturc mbrpbrcg lk rlgcmnýk mbk btrc. Zbr l` l`lop lopgb, gb, pb pbhlo hlobs bs hlsmrn hlsmrndnr dnr gc rlg rlgcmn cmnýk ýk lk lktrl trl gcs gcs brl`cs brl`cs y gc kc kcrnz rnz hl ocklrc ocklrc nka nkabr brocg ocg,, hnmnlkhb0 ‗Gcs brl`cs sl lkmulktrck c codbs gchbs hl gc mcdlzc, c hlrlmfc l nzqunlrhc hl gc kcrnz‟. Lk tlronkbgbeïc ckctýonmc, lstb sl rlsuol lk0 ‗Gcs brl`cs sbk gctlrcgls c gc kcrnz‟ b dnlk ‗gc ‗g c kc kcrn rnz z ls olhn olhncg cg c gcs gcs brl` brl`cs cs‟. ‟. Zbr Zbr tckt tcktb, b, lg usb usb hl gc tl tlro ronk nkbg bgbe beïc ïc ckct ckctýo ýonm nmc c cfbr cfbrrc rc hlsmrnpmnbkls hlsmrnpmnbk ls gcrecs y, ukc vlz cprlkhnhc, rlsugtc oumfb oãs mgcrc y prlmnsc. Xîronkbs hnrlmmnbkcgls b

]uplrnbr (mrcklcg)0 Hlsmrndl gc pbsnmnýk rlsplmtb cg pgckb trcksvlrscg l nkhnmc fcmnc gc mcdlzc

b

Nkalrnbr (mcuhcg)0 Hlsmrndl gc pbsnmnýk pbsnmnýk rlsplmtb cg pgckb trcksvlrscg l nkhnmc cgl`chb hl gc

b

mcdlzc Hbrscg b pbstlrnbr (rltrb)0 Hlsmrndl gc pbsnmnýk rlsplmtb cg pgckb arbktcg b mbrbkcg l nkhnmc lk gc pcrtl hl ctrãs hlg mulrpb

b

Qlktrcg b cktlrnbr0 Hlsmrndl gc pbsnmnýk rlsplmtb cg pgckb arbktcg b mbrbkcg l nkhnmc lk gc pcrtl cktlrnbr hlg mulrpb

b

Olhnb b olhncg0 Hlsmrndl gc pbsnmnýk rlsplmtb cg pgckb scentcg l nkhnmc mlrmc b lk gc ontch hlg mulrpb

b

Gctlrcg0 Hlsmrndl gc pbsnmnýk rlsplmtb cg pgckb scentcg l nkhnmc c uk gchb, cgl`chb hlg olhnb

b

Zrbxnocg0 Hlsmrndl gc pbsnmnýk lk rlgcmnýk mbk lstrumturcs qul mbkabrock gcs lxtrlonhchls l nkhnmc mlrmc hl gc rcïz hl gc lxtrlonhch (puktb hl uknýk hl gc lxtrlonhch cg trbkmb).

b

Hnstcg0 Hlsmrndl gc pbsnmnýk lk rlgcmnýk mbk lstrumturcs qul mbkabrock gcs lxtrlonhchls l

 

nkhnmc gl`bs hl gc rcïz hl gc lxtrlonhch (puktb hl uknýk hl gc lxtrlonhch cg trbkmb). b

]uplranmncg0 Hlsmrndl gc pbsnmnýk lk rlgcmnýk mbk gc suplranmnl hlg mulrpb l nkhnc fcmnc lg lxtlrnbr hlg mulrpb (fcmnc gc pnlg)

b

Zrbaukhb0 Hlsmrndl gc pbsnmnýk lk rlgcmnýk mbk gc suplranmnl hlg mulrpb l nkhnc fcmnc lg nktlrnbr hlg mulrpb (cgl`ãkhbsl hl gc pnlg)

b

Lk gc ockb0 pcgoc y hbrsb

b

Lk lg pnl0 pgcktc y hbrsb