Tema 1

 

\drtdedkau ABI Vmcb 2

Brgucmhtbȟa fah pmrspmitavĉ pmfbgdgaiĉ, fm im ABI pdbtm ea idhsafmrbtĉ cmtdfĉ fafbitaiĉ sbu fdcmhau bk Ȑtaahȟmkdr Mfuibȟama.

]takazbrmb ibkiukbtdrukua èh prdimsuk fm èhvĉȟĉcîht fmvahm d hmimssatbtm èh idhfaȟaakm fmzvdktĉraa biimkmrbtm b tm`hdkdgama ahedrcbȟama. \mhtru hdakm gmhmrbȟaa fm mkmva ȑa stufmht, fmjb dnaȑhuaȟa iu bvbkbhȑb fm ahedrcbȟaa cuktacmfab, idhimptubk fm bsastbrm b prdimsukua fm èhvĉȟĉcîht iu ibkiukbtdruk mstm d imrahȟĉ ahtrahsmiĉ. Ibkiukbtdruk mstm pmrimput pm rîhf, ib d juiĉram, d uhmbktĉ, d rmsursĉ fm ahedrcbȟaa. B ahtrbt fmjb èh dnaȑhuahȟb zakhaiĉ utakazbrmb ibkiukbtdrukua pmhtru idcuhaibrm, ahedrcbrm, ahstruarm. Ahstruarmb bsastbtĉ fm ibkiukbtdr idhtranuam kb ahtrdfuimrmb trmptbtĉ b cajkdbimkdr cdfmrh fm idcuhaibrm èh èhvĉȟbrm. ABI rmprmzahtĉ d cmtdfĉ fafbitaiĉ sbu d cmtdfĉ fm èhvĉũĉcîht , ibrm vbkdraeaiĉ prahiapaakm fm cdfmkbrm Ŕa bhbkazĉ ianmrhmtaiĉ b bitavatĉũaa fm ahstruarm èh idhtmxtuk hdakdr tm`hdkdgaa ahedrcbtaim Ŕa fm idcuhaibũaa , ibrbitmrastaim sdiamtĉũaa idhtmcpdrbhm. Èhvĉũbrmb iu bjutdruk ibkiukbtdrukua Ŕa b mkmcmhtmkdr cuktacmfab mstm d cmtdfĉ fafbitaiĉ bitavĉ. Ahstruarmb bsastbtĉ fm ibkiukbtdr pmrcatm rmbkazbrmb uhma mfuibũaa nbzbtm pm prdeakuk ahtmkmitubk bk mkmvukua. \uhm mkmvuk èh satubũaa fm ahtmrbiũauhm Ŕa idcuhaibrm rbpafĉ, rmbkazbtm èhtr-uh cmfau ibrm pmrcatm d faeuzbrm cbsavĉ b idhũahuturakdr Ŕa d ekmxanakatbtm b tacpukua prah ècnahbrmb cajkdbimkdr fm idcuhaibrm sahirdhm iu imkm bsahirdhm. Fahtr-d bhucatĉ pmrspmitavĉ ABI mstm idhsafmrbtm b ea d cmtdfĉĉ sunsuc cmtdf sunsucbtĉ btĉ pmfbgdgama pmfbgdgama.. Earmȑ Earmȑtm, tm, èhvĉȟbrmb bsastbt bsastbtĉĉ fm ibkiukbtdr pdbtm ea idhsaf idhsafmrbtm mrbtm ib d cdfbkatbtm fah brsmhbkuk cdfbkatĉȟakdr fm bndrfbrm b prdimsukua fm prmfbrm-èhvĉȟbrm, èh rmbkatbtm, bimstmb sm idhstatuam ib uh fdcmhau fastahit èh sastmcuk fasiapkahmkdr pmfbgdgaim. Cmtdfb ABI vbkdraeaiĉ urcĉtdbrmkm dpmrbȟaa fafbitaim ahtmgrbtm kb uh havmk fm biȟauha fm farajbrm murastaiĉ ȑa ahfavafubkazbtĉ b bitavatĉȟakdr fm prmfbrm-èhvĉȟbrm-mvbkubrm: -

Drgbha Drgbhazbr zbrmb mb ahedr ahedrcbȟ cbȟama ama idhe idhedrc drc imra imrahȟm hȟmkdr kdr prdgrbc prdgrbcma ma bfbptbnak bfbptbnakmm kb ibpbi ibpbiatĉ atĉȟak ȟakmm eam eamiĉr iĉrua ua stufmht

 

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\r \rdv dvdib dibrm rmbb idg idgha hata tavĉ vĉ b stuf stufmh mhtu tuku kuaa pr prah ah sm smivm ivmhȟ hȟmm fafb fafbit itai aimm ȑa èhtr èhtrmn mnĉr ĉraa ib ibrm rm vazm vazmbzĉ bzĉ fmpastbrmb uhdr kbiuhm, prdnkmcm

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^mzd ^mzdkv kvbr brmb mb sbri sbriah ahak akdr dr fafb fafbit itai aimm prmz prmzmh mhtb tbtĉ tĉ bh bhtm tmra radr dr prah prah rm rmbi bita tavb vbrm rmbb sb sbuu dnȟa dnȟahm hmrm rmbb ahedrcbȟaakdr hmimsbrm fm kb rmsursmkm ahedrcbtaim bpmkbtm prah ahtmrcmfauk ibkiukbtdrukua

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Bsagurbrmb Bsagurbrmb uhdr mxmriaȟaa mxmriaȟaa supka supkacmhtbr cmhtbrmm fm stac stacukbrm ukbrm b ir irmbtav mbtavatĉȟa atĉȟaaa mkm mkmvukua vukua.. Ya Yaht htmz mzbb fa faht htrm rm rm rmsu surs rsmk mkmm pm pmfb fbgdg gdgai aimm bkm bkm ahst ahstru ruar araa aa prdgr prdgrbc bcbt btmm Ŕa fasp faspdha dhana naka katĉ tĉũa ũakm km

tm`hdkdgaim bkm ibkiukbtdrukua (sastmcukua fm prdimsbrm b ahedrcbũama) idhemrĉ bimstma cmtdfm fafbitaim ibkatĉũa pravahf : -

ahe ahedrc drcbta btazbr zbrmb mb bit bitava avatĉũ tĉũaa aa fm pr prmfb mfbrm’ rm’ èèhvĉũ hvĉũbrm brm’’ mvbk mvbkubr ubrm? m?

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èc ècnuh nuhĉt ĉtĉũ ĉũar armb mb AB ABI I pr prah ah ahtm ahtmrc rcmfa mfauk uk uhdr uhdr bi biũa ũauh uhaa fm: fm: gmst gmstad adhb hbrm rm,, fdi fdiuc ucmht mhtbr brm, m, ahtmrdgbrm?

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sacu sa cukb kbrm rm but butdc dcbt btaz azbt btĉĉ ahtm ahtmrb rbit itav avĉĉ b iuhdŔ iuhdŔta tahũ hũmk mkdr dr Ŕa ib ibpb pbia iatĉ tĉũa ũakd kdrr bhg bhgbj bjbt btmm èh  prdimsuk fm èhvĉũĉcîht, idhedrc fdiucmhtmkdr deaiabkm fm pkbhaeaibrm b mfuibũama.

Cmtdfb ABI vbkdraeaiĉ urcĉtdbrmkm dpmrbũaa fafbitaim ahtmgrbtm kb havmkuk uhma biũauha fm farajbrm murastaiĉ Ŕa ahfavafubkazbtĉ b bitavatĉũakdr fm prmfbrm’ èhvĉũbrm’mvbkubrm : -

drgbha drgbhazbr zbrmb mb ahedrc ahedrcbũa bũama ma idhedr idhedrc c imr imrahũ ahũmkd mkdrr prd prdgrb grbcma cma bfbpt bfbptbna bnakm km kb ibpbia ibpbiatĉũ tĉũakm akm eamiĉru eamiĉruaa stufmht ?

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pr prdv dvdib dibrm rmbb id idgha ghata tavĉ vĉ b stufm stufmht htuk ukua ua pr prah ah sm smivm ivmhũ hũmm fafb fafbit itai aimm Ŕa èhtr èhtrmnĉ mnĉra ra ib ibrm rm vazm vazmbz bzĉĉ fmpastb fmpa stbrmb rmb uhd uhdrr kbiuhm, kbiuhm, prdnkm prdnkmcm, cm, satubũ satubũaa aa prd prdnkm nkmcĉ cĉ rmz rmzdkv dkvbrm brmbb sbriah sbriahakd akdrr faf fafbit bitaim aim  prmzmhtbtm bhtmradr prah rmbitavbrmb sbu dnũahmrmb ahedrcbũaakdr hmimsbrm fm kb rmsursmkm ahedrcbtaim bpmkbtm prah ahtmrcmfauk ibkiukbtdrukua?

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rmbkaz rmbk azbrm brmbb uh uhdr dr sah sahtm tmzm zm rm rmib ibpa patu tukb kbta tavm vm fu fupĉ pĉ pbri pbriur urgm gmrm rmbb uhdr uhdr tmc tmcmm , cd cdfuk fukmm fm stuf stufau au,, kmiũaa, grupura fm kmiũaa, sunibpatdkm, ibpatdkm, fasiapkahm Ŕidkbrm ?

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bsagurbrmb bsagurbrmb uhdr mxmriaũaa mxmriaũaa supka supkacmhtb cmhtbrm rm fm stacukbrm stacukbrm b ir irmbtava mbtavatĉũaa tĉũaa mkmvuk mkmvukua. ua. Ahstruarmb bsastbtĉ fm ibkiukbtdr idcpkmtmbzĉ bitavatĉȟakm fafbitaim idhvmhȟadhbkm, bfuiîhf

 pkus fm vbkdbrm vb kdbrm kb havmkuk ebiakatĉraa èhȟmkmgmraa idhȟahuturakdr fm iĉtrm mkmva, bk irmȑtmraa cdtavbȟama  pmhtru èhvĉȟbrm, bk bitavatĉȟaa cbtmrama ȑidkbrm, kb havmkuk ahtmgrĉraa iu bitavatĉȟa mfuibȟadhbkm hdhedrcbkm, prmiuc ȑa èh im pravmȑtm prdamitbrmb ȑa fmseĉȑurbrmb kmiȟaakdr fm iĉtrm prdemsdr, ebvdrazbrmb bitavatĉȟakdr fm ahstruarm faemrmhȟabtĉ, d iddrfdhbrm cba nuhĉ b bitavatĉȟaa fafbitaim, bitavatĉȟa idkbndrbtavm, irmbtavm imhtrbtm pm mkmv.

 

Nankadgrbeam: 2. Bf Bfĉs ĉsiĉ iĉka kaũm ũma, a, B B.. (> (>29/ABITiursTGmhmrbk.pfe `ttps://www.psa`.ubai.rd/wp-idhtmht/ iurs pm supdrt mkmitrdhai, biimsbt kb fbtb fm 2=.2 drb 26:><

bsastbtĉ fm ibkiukbtdr . Cahastmruk Mfuibȟama ȑa Imrimtĉraa 9. Ukĉfdau, F. (>