TEMA 14. Africa. Territorio y Sociedades. Africa Mediterranea y Africa Subsahariana, Contrastes Fisicos, Socioeconomicos y Culturales

 

]CNB 2=. Âgreib. ]crretkrek y skiecmbmcs. Âgreib ncmetcrrâlcb y Âgreib sujsbobreblb. Ikltrbstcs seiks, skiekciklùneiks y iuaturbacs.

Eltrkmuiieùl Cl ab bitubaembm, Âgreib cs ca ikl`ultk skiekcspbieba nâs pkjrc y sujmcsbrrkaabmk mca pabltcb Bliab`c iurreiuabr0 2° CYK (Iretcrek :) 9° CYK (Iretcrek 7, ?, 5 y 22) =° CYK (Iretcrek 4) 2° JBIOEAACZ (Iretcrek =, 4 y 28) Ab prkpeb gkrnuabieùl mca cluliebmk lks cxedc bjkrmbr abs mesltbs aîlcbs mc ab dckd dckdrb rbb b rcde rcdekl klba ba (se (seib ib,, sk skiek iekci cikl klùn ùnei eibb y iu iuat atur urba ba)) mcsm mcsmcc ul blâa blâaes eses es ik iknp npbr brb bvk vk (ikltrbstcs) mc abs ‑mks Âgreibs„, ab ncmetcrrâlcb y ab sujsbobreblb. Ba rcspcitk mc cstb mevese mev eseùl, ùl, cs enpkrt enpkrtblt bltcc rcscòb rcscòbrr quc luncrk luncrksks sks butkrc butkrcss obl ire ireib ibmk mk cstb cstb iabse iabseibie ibieùl ùl iklvclieklba b ab drbl mevcrsembm oestùreib, rbieba y ciklùneib qucesaâneib bajcrdb quc, ab Âgreib scptcltreklba,mcjemk ikl ca ðleik iretcrek mca iknðl mclknelbmkr mc ab rcaedeùl pkr ktrb pbrtc, edlkrb ktrks pbîscs nâs ba sur quc tbnjeål ak skl. Cxestcl ktrks mks tcnbs cl aks quc sc bjkrmb ab ikaklezbieùl y mcsikaklezbieùl mca pbes. Mcsbrrkaak Ca ikllcltc bgreiblk Âgreib cs ul ikllcltc mc 98,94 neaaklcs mc feaùnctrks iubmrbmks y 2988 neaaklcs mc objetbltcs scdðl ca Jblik Nulmeba mc mbtks cl :82? (mclsembm mc =9,4 obj./fnº). Yc trbtb mca tcricr ikllcltc nâs drblmc mca nulmk, kiupblmk nâs mca :8,=% mc ab crrb cncrdemb mca pablct pab lctb. b. Ab mevese meveseùl ùl mca tcrre tcrretkr tkrek ek ikllc ikllcltb ltbaa sc ob cstbj cstbjaci aciemk emk pkr sujrcd sujrcdekl eklcs cs pkr abs Lbieklcs ulembs b pbrr mca seduecltc dckcsqucnb0 Âgreib mca lkrtc, Âgreib Krecltba, Âgreib Kiiemcltba, Âgreib icltrba y Bgreib sur. Bulquc ab meveseùl prkpucstb cl tcnb mevemerîb ca ikllcltc pkr ca sur mca Ybobrb Kiiemcltba obstb Cdeptk (cl tkrlk b 28° L mca ]rùpeik mc Iâlicr Iâl icr). ). Cstb Cstb mubaem mubaembm bm sc enpklm enpklmrîb rîb mcsmc mcsmc ab cxpbls cxpblseùl eùl mca esa esabn bn pkr ca Nbdrc Nbdrcj, j, y sc bicltubrîb ikl ab ikaklezbieùl y pkstcrekr mcsikaklezbieùl.  Âgreib ncmetcrrâlcb Aks pbîscs mca Nbdrcj (Nbrruciks, Brdcaeb, ]ðlcz, Aejeb y Cdeptk) iucltbl ikl ulb cxtcls cxt clseùl eùl mc ibse ibse 7 neaakl neaaklcs cs mc feaùnc feaùnctrk trkss iubmrb iubmrbmks mks y prâii prâiibnc bncltc ltc :88 neaakl neaaklcs cs mc objetbltcs. Ca lkrtc mca ikllcltc mcstbib pkr su bivembm ikstcrb, su irciecltc pkjabieùl y sus requczbs, drbiebs ba mcsbrrkaak mca ikncriek y ca biicsk ba Ncmetcrrâlck, grcltc b ul sur mcsårik, mcspkjabmk y pbupårrenk. Yu ircienecltk mcnkdrâik cs supcrekr b ba rcstk mc aks pbîscs mca prencr nulmk, pcrk sc nblclc pkr mcjb`k mca :%. Ab acldub kieba cs ca ârbjc, bulquc sc objabl aks blduks emeknbs ikaklebacs0 grbliås c eldaås. Cl badulbs rcdeklcs ikllðbl nbltcleålmksc emeknbs

 

nelkretbr nelkre tbreks eks iknk iknk ca jc jcråj råjcr. cr. Ab mevcrs mevcrsemb embm m skieba skieba,, iuatur iuaturba ba y rbieba rbieba cs lktkre lktkreb0 b0 ârbjcs ârbjcs,, jcråjcrcs, jcmuelks, scmcltbreks, ikptks, curkpcks, pbacslks, cti. Xkr ktrb pbrtc, iucltbl ikl ul rcaecvc, iaenb, vcdctbieùl, ciklknîb, rcaedeùl c oestkreb ikl rbsdks iknulcs. Ab oestkreb mca lkrtc mc Âgreib sc ob icltrbmk cl ab ikstb ncmetcrrâlcb, mbmk quc ab meiuatbm ikl abs iknuleibieklcs cltrc lkrtc y sur, b ibusb mca mcsecrtk mca Yâobrb y ab scavb ciubtkreba, supusecrkl jbrrcrbs elgrblqucbjacs. Aks drblmcs enpcreks mc ab Âgreib ncmetcrrâlcb gucrkl Cdeptk, Ibrtbdk, Zknb y aks Ibaegbtks esaâneiks, cl ikltbitk mercitk ikl abs ieveaezbieklcs kiiemcltbacs. Ca lckik lckikak akle leba baes esnk nk ob pr prkm kmui uiem emk k cl ab Âgre Âgreib ib scpt scptcl cltr trek eklb lbaa ab bpbr bpbrei eieù eùl l mca mca lbieklbaesnk ârbjc y aks drblmcs prkjacnbs skiekciklùneiks gkncltbrîbl ca bsiclsk mca eltcdresnk esaâneik. Aks rcdînclcs butkretbreks y meitbtkrebacs obl mcnkrbmk ab elstburbieùl mc mcnkirbiebs, bsî iknk abs caciieklcs aejrcs, rcspctk mc aks mcrcioks ounblks, cti. Cstb setubieùl prkvkibrîb cl :828-:82: ca cstbaaemk mc ab ‑prenbvcrb ârbjc„ cl ab quc sc cxedeù ab mcnkirbieb y ca rcspctk mc aks mcrcioks skiebacs cl ca lkrtc mc Âgreib y Krecltc Ncmek. Ye jecl ]ðlcz, Aejeb y Cdeptk baiblzbrkl abs mcnkirbiebs, Yereb sc cnjbribrîb cl ul ikleitk quc murb obstb lucstrks mîbs y sc ob iklvcrmk cl ab ireses ounbletbreb nâs jrutba mca sedak __E. Aks prkjac prk jacnbs nbs pkaîi pkaîiks ks y skieba skiebacs cs ikl ikllð lðbl bl seclmk seclmk iknpac iknpac`ks `ks y ca bsicls bsiclsk k mca elt eltcdr cdresn esnk k nkmcrbmk ba pkmcr, ulb rcbaembm.  Âgreib sujsbobreblb Ca mc mclk lkne nelb lbmk mkrr ik iknð nðl l mc mcaa Âg Âgre reib ib sujs sujsbo bobr breb eblb lb cs ca pb pbsb sbmk mk ik ikak akle leba ba y sus sus rcpcriuseklcs iknk ab mcpclmclieb oestùreib k aks drbvcs prkjacnbs skiebacs y ciklùneiks. Abs trbmeieklcs iuaturbacs c oestùreibs, sc nuapaebibl cl ul cxtclsk tcrretkrek quc vb mcsmc ca sur mca Yâobrb b Ca Ibjk cl Yumâgreib, bsî iknk su mevcrsembm iaenâib. Ab pkjabieùl bprkxenbmb cs mc 2888 neaaklcs mc objetbltcs y cxpcrencltb ul râpemk ircienecltk, iucltb ikl aks îlmeics mc lbtbaembm nâs cacvbmks mca pablctb. Bmcnâs, iucltb ikl ulb drbl mevcrsembm rbieba, skieba y iuaturba, seclmk ibrbitcrîsib su mevcrsembm åleib y rbsdks megcrcliebmks. B pbrtc mc abs ctlebs butùitklbs iknk pedncks, oktcltktcs, jksquenblks, sumblcscs, obnetks, jbltðs, cti., tbnjeål clikltrbnks b ârbjcs, curkpcks, bseâiks y mcnâs drupks quc elvbmecrkl Âgreib cl mesltks nkncltks mc su oestkreb. Abs acldubs kiebacs prcmknelbltcs skl aks emeknbs ikaklebacs0 grbliås c eldaås. Bulquc tbnjeål oby luncrksks emeknbs nelkretbreks iknk ca sub`eae k emeknbs mc ânjetk trejba. Ba sur mca Yâobrb, sc mcsbrrkaabrkl enpcreks iknk ca mc Doblb (]knjuitð y Dbk), ul enpcrek pbiîik quc sc jclcieù mc abs requczbs mca iaenb y tuvk quc obicr grcltc b ab prcseùl esaâneib mc bankobmcs y bankrâvemcs cl ca sedak _E. _E . Ktrk drbl enpcrek scrîb Nbaî, bprkxenbmbncltc cl ab nesnb zklb y quc sc nbltclmrîb obstb ca sedak _W. Mcstbibnks ca rcelk mc Jclîl, ca mca Ikldk y ca mc Penjbuc-Nklknktbpb. Yel cnjbrdk, cstks rcelks c enpcreks lk akdrbrîbl enpklcr su iuaturb cl tkmb ab rcdeùl, prkmuieålmksc drblmcs megcrcliebs cltrc pucjaks, badulks ikl krciecltcs ieveaezbieklcs quc mcsbrrkaabjbl ab csireturb y vcielks bðl cl ca lcùaeik.

 

Ikltrbstcs seiks Ca ikllcltc bgreiblk sc cxclmc b ak abrdk mc ?888 fn mc lkrtc b sur. Jbòbmk pkr ca Ncmetcrrâlck, ca nbr Zk`k, ca Îlmeik y ca Btaâlik, cstâ ulemk b Bseb b trbvås mc ab pclîlsuab mca Yelbî, cl su cxtrcnk lkrmcstc, pcrk ikl ab bpcrturb mca iblba mc Yucz pkmrîb mciersc quc Âgreib cs bokrb ulb drbl esab. Ca ciubmkr mevemc ca ikllcltc prâiibncltc pkr ab netbm, mcleclmk mc ulb nblcrb nuy absyzklbs i aenâibs iaenâibs quc sc cl mestrejuycl mc gkrnb senåtreib obieb ca lkrtc y obieb ca sur. Ab iabrb abtum ab eluclieb kicâleib ab ikstb skl aks preliepbacs gbitkrcs quc nbribl ca iaenb bltc ul rcaecvc mknelbmk pkr abs aablurbs, ikl busclieb mc drblmcs ibmclbs nkltbòksbs. Zcaecvc c oemrkdrbb Ca ikllcltc bgreiblk cstâ iklgkrnbmk pkr ulb ðleib pabib tcitùleib iklcitbmb pkr Bseb ikl ca estnk mc Yucz y ikl Curkpb pkr Dejrbatbr. Ca ikltbitk cltrc ab pabib bgre bgreiblb iblb y ab pabib brâjedb y sknbaî sc prkmuic cl ca vbaac mca Ze. Ca zùibak prciânjreik kiupb ca 57% mc ab supcriec, ak quc cxpaeib quc ab ikstb scb nuy aelcba, ðleibncltc ikl ulb drbl esab, Nbmbdbsibr, y badulbs nclkrcs (Ybltk ]knå, Ca Xr Xrîl îlie iepc pc,, Ib Ibjk jk Wc Wcrm rmc, c, Ib Iblb lbre rebs bs…) …).. Meio Meiok k zù zùiba ibak k cs nuy nuy re reik ik cl nelc nelcrb rbac acss y sc ob em emk k 2 trblsgkrnblmk pbriebancltc pkr aks pacdbnecltks mc ab krkdcleb bapelb  y ab pkstcrekr crkseùl y scmencltbieùl cl abs Crbs Xrenbreb, Yciulmbreb y ]criebreb, obstb ca Iubtcrlbrek, iublmk sugreù sugr eù ab batcrlblieb batcrlblieb mc pcrekmks pcrekmks sciks y oðncmks. oðncmks. Ca rcsuatbmk rcsuatbmk scrîb ab cstruiturb cstruiturb mca rcaevec rcaevec bgreiblk0 cacvbmb batum ncmeb, pbesb`c nklùtklk cl ca quc prcmknelbl abs aablurbs y cxtclsbs ncsctbs cacvbmbs (nbiezk ckpc), badulb ibmclb nkltbòksb (Btabs y Mrbfclsjcrd) y nbiezks vkaiâleiks (]ejcs, Bobddbr, nkltc Fcleb, Feaenb`brk), gksbs tcitùleibs (drblmcs abdks mc Weitkreb, ]bldblefb, Zkmkagk…) y iucliebs scmencltbrebs (Leak, Lîdcr, abdk Iobm, Ikldk, Fbabobre). Cxestcl mks pks mc iuclibs bgreiblbs0 -

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Iu Iucl clibs ibs cxkrr cxkrrce ceibs ibs00 mcsi mcsibr brdbl dbl merci mercitb tbnc nclt ltcc ba nbr b tr trbv bvås ås mc rî rîks ks mc rcden rcdencl cl errcduabr, mc gucrtc pclmecltc y drbl pkmcr crksevk. Mcltrk mc cstc pk mc iuclibs mcstbib cl ca Âgreib ncmetcrrâlcb ca Leak (ca rîk nâs drblmc mca nulmk), quc bmcnâs mc bjbstcicr b drbl mclsembm mc pkjabieùl, brrbstrb scmencltks mcsmc su lbieneccltk mcpksetâlmkabs cl su irusk gkrnblmk ulb crrb nuy reib cl sbacs y nbtcrebacs krdâleiks. Iucli Iuclibs bs clmkrc clmkrceib eibs0 s0 mcsbdub mcsbdubl l obieb ktrbs ktrbs iucli iuclibs bs eltcre eltcrekrc krcss gkrnblm gkrnblmk k abdks k ârcbs ârcbs pbltblksbs. C`cnpak mc caak cl ca Âgreib ncmetcrrâlcb cs ca rîk Okmlb cl Brdcaeb.

Ab rcm oemrkdrâib bgreiblb sc ibrbitcrezb pkr ca ociok mc quc ab netbm mc ab rcm uveba mcsbdub cl ca eltcrekr mca prkpek ikllcltc y mcsbpbrcic pkr elatrbieùl y cvbpkrbieùl, k mcscnjkib cl akdks k mcatbs eltcrekrcs. Ak Akss rîks rîks su sujs jsbo bobr breb eblk lkss sedu seducl cl abs abs pr prel elie iepb pbac acss aîaîlc lcbs bs mc grbi grbitu turb rb mca mca zù zùib ibak ak.. Ik Iknk nk iklsciuclieb mc ab vbrecmbm vkaunåtreib y abs dbrdbltbs, aks râpemks y abs ibtbrbtbs pkr abs quc btrbve btr bvecsb csb,, nuioks nuioks mc cstks cstks rîk rîkss skl ellbvc ellbvcdbja dbjacs, cs, iknk pkr ca c`cnpa c`cnpak k ca Pbnjcz Pbnjczcc k Aeveldstklc. Xkr ktrb pbrtc, ca iaenb cs ul gbitkr mctcrnelbltc, necltrbs quc ab zklb ciubtkreba 2

 

 

clc ul ibumba iklstbltc iknk cs ca rîk Ikldk, aks rîks trkpeibacs clcl nâxenk y nîlenk iknk ca ibsk mc aks rîks Lîdcr, Yclcdba y Pbnjczc. Iaenb y vcdctbieùl Clikltrbnks vbrecmbm iaenâib mc lkrtc b sur, bulquc pkr ca gbitkr mc su abtum, Âgreib iucltb cl ab ibse tktbaembm mca ikllcltc ikl iaenbs eltcrtrkpeibacs, b cxicpieùl mca iaenb ncmetcrrâlck cl abs ikstbs lkrtc y sur. B drblmcs rbsdks, mcsmc ca lkrtc obstb ca ciubmkr sc meslducl vbrebs sujâremb, ârembpcrk (mcsecrtk), lkrtc ba sur mcsmc ca grbl`bs0 ciubmkr,ncmetcrrâlcb, sc mbrîb ab nesnb suscieùl, ba rcvås.trepeiba y ciubtkreba. Mca Necltrbs quc cl ab Âgreib ncmetcrrâlcb clikltrbnks, mcsmc ab ikstb obstb ca eltcrekr, mks iaenbs mc zklb cxtrbtrkpeiba tcnpabmb0 ncmetcrrâlck y tcnpabmk mc nkltbòb, cl ca eltcrekr clc mks iaenbs0 scneäbremk scneäbremk y âremk. Ca rcaecvc mca Btabs cs ulb jbrrcrb quc enpemc ca pbsk obieb ca sur mc abs jkrrbsibs y ab ikrrecltc nbrelb mc Iblbrebs clgrîb ab tcnpcrbturb mc ab ikstb btaâlib. Ca iaenb ncmetcrrâlck sc ncmetcrrâlck sc cxetclmc pkr ab rcdeùl mca Nbdrcj y cl ca cxtrcnk sur mca ikllcltc ikll cltc,, cl Ca Ibjk. Ibjk. Yc ibrbitcrezb ibrbitcrezb pkr ulb gucrtc gucrtc scqucmbm mc vcrblk vcrblk y ulb pauveksembm pauveksembm nâxenb cl prenbvcrb y ktkòk. Abs cstbieklcs cstâl jecl megcrcliebmbs seclmk ab cstbieùl mc vcrblk abrdb, iâaemb -supcrblmk aks ::°I- y scib trkpeiba y, cl ibnjek, ab cstbieùl elvcrlba cs nâs ikrtb, grcsib -elgcrekr b 2?°I- y oðncmb. Cl ca sur ca ncs iâaemk lk supcrb mc ncmeb aks ::°I (Isj). Ab vcdctbieùl ncmetcrrâlcb sc iklstuyc pkr gkrnbieklcs brjusvbs mc clielbs y iklîgcrbs. Ab gbulb cs csibsb. Abs zklbs scneârembs mca scneârembs mca eltcrekr quc sc akibaezbl ba nbrdcl mc aks drblmcs mcsecrtks, clc mks pks mc cstcpb0 Ab cstcpb sujoðncmb ikrrcspklmc ba iaenb scneâremk nâs oðncmk cl trblseieùl ba tcnpabmk. Yc cxtcelmc pkr ârcbs nkltbòksbs iknk Ca Ibjk, ca Btabs y ca Zeg. Abs aauvebs skl bjulmbltcs y rcduabrcs ikl sces ncscs mc cstbieùl oðncmb y sces ncscs mc cstbieùl scib. Ab vcdctbieùl cs xcrùab, ikl jksquc lbturba mc clielbr y pelbr skjrc sucak pbrmk, iuyb mcgkrcstbieùl cs jbstbltc drbvc. Cl Ca Ibjk oby cspciecs bmbptbmbs b ab scquîb csvba iknk ca kaevk, ab oeducrb, ca rkjac k ca cuibaeptk. Ab cstcpb ncmecrrâlcb ncmecrrâlcb sc ikrrcspklm ikrrcspklmcc ba iaenb scneâremk scneâremk nâs scik, cl ab ikstb y cl aablurbs mca eltcrekr, cs ulb mcdrbmbieùl mc ab cstcpb sujoðncmb quc sc ibrbitcrezb pkr gucrtcs ksieabieklcs tårneibs, vcrblks iâaemks c elvecrlks subvcs. Ab vcdctbieùl cs csibsb y cstâ bmbptbmb b ab bremcz0 brjustks, nbtkrrbacs y drbnîlcbs. Aks iaenbs âremks mcsåretiks sc mcsåretiks sc cxclmcl nbykretbrebncltc pkr ca mcsecrtk mca Ybobrb, mcsmc ca Btaâlik ba Nbr Zk`k, y pultubancltc cl ab grbl`b aetkrba mc Lbnejeb obstb Jktswblb ikl ca mcsecrtk mcsecrtk mc Fbabobre. Fbabobre. Abs preliepbac preliepbacss ârcbs mcsåribs mcsåribs sc setðbl setðbl pkr mcjb`k mc abs batbs prcseklcs sujtrkpeibacs y sc ibrbitcrezb pkr ulb cstbieùl scib quc murb tkmk ca bòk ikl prciepetbieklcs cspkrâmeibs y csibsbs. Gucrtcs cstbieklcs tårneibs ikl cxibsbs y jrcvcs aauvebs elvcrlbacs cl ca Lkrtc y csvbacs cl ca Yur, y ulb zklb icltrba mca Ybobrb sel prâiibncltc aauveb.

 

Ab vcdctbieùl cs mc pk xcrùab, bmbptbmb b ab scqucmbm, ikl pabltbs clblbs y suiuacltbs quc iunpacl ikl su ieiak vcdctbvk aks pkiks mîbs quc aaucvc. Ab gbulb cs csibsb pcrk vbrebmb0 bvcs scmcltbrebs, rcpacs y nbnîgcrks bmbptbmks. Abs zklbs mc batb nkltbòb nkltbòb sc iklicltrbl cl ca Btabs mca Âgreib ncmetcrrâlcb, y cl ab âgreib sujsbobreblb cl ca Feaenbl`brk k ca nbiezk Ckpc. ]eclcl ulb tcnpcrbtrb nâs grîb scdðl ircic ab batum, oby jbstbltcs aauvebs cl ab cstbieùl grîb y cl abs nbykrcs baturbs oby lecvc kibseklba. Yc meslducl iubtrk pesks mc vcdctbieùl mbmk quc ca queltk cs levba quc sùak cxesrîb cl ca Feaenbl`brk yb quc supcrb aks 3888n. Ca pesk elgcrekr, cltrc 788-2488, jksquc mc clielbs, iklîgcrks, sktkjksquc mc rkncrk y cspbrtk. Ca scdulmk levca, cltrc 2488 y :888, rkjacs, sbjelbs y icmrks. Ca tcricr levca, cltrc :888 y :488, ikl brjustks mc cljrks, rctbnbs y cspelksks. Ca pesk bapelk k iubrtk, cltrc :488 : 488 y 9388, csibsks brjustks. Ca iaenb mc ab zklb trkpeiba clc prciepetbieklcs enpkrtbltcs, pcrk ikl nâs mc sces ncscs mc måiet biusbmk, ikl ulb cstbieùl aauveksb y ktrb scib. B nbykr mestblieb mca Ciubmkr clikltrbrcnks nclkr ouncmbm. Abs tcnpcrbturbs ncmebs nclsubacs skl supcrekrcs b aks 2?°I y ab bnpaetum tårnelb tårnelb bluba cl tkrlk b aks 28°I 28°I.. Ab gkrnbieùl vcdctba ibrbitcrî ibrbitcrîsib sib cs ab sb sbjb jblb lb gk gkrn rnbm bmbb pkr pkr pabl pabltb tbss ocrj ocrjâi âicb cbss y badu badulk lkss âr ârjk jkac acss be besa sabm bmks ks.. Yc pr prkm kmui uicc ul cnpkjrcienecltk mc ab vcdctbieùl ikl ca bac`bnecltk mca Ciubmkr, pbsblmk mcsmc ca jksquc nextk mc ok`b ibmuib y brjustks, obstb aacdbr b ab sbjblb ocrjâicb ikl badulks ârjkacs mespcrsks iknk ca jbkjbj. Cltrc tkmbs abs gkrnbieklcs mcstbib ca jksquc dbacrîb. Ab gbulb cs bjul bjulmb mblt ltc, c, ab pei peibn bncl cltc tc bgre bgreib iblb lb,, ik ikl l dr drbl blmc mcss nblb nblbmb mbss mc ocrj ocrjîv îvkr krks ks,, pr pren enbt btcs cs,, mcprcmbmkrcs, bvcs c elscitks. Gelbancltc, ca iaenb ciubtkreba ciubtkreba,, cl ca eltcrekr mca Âgreib sujsbobreblb, cl ab iujctb mca Ikldk y ca icltrk mc Nbmbdbsibr sc meslduerâ mca prcscltc cl Duelcb, Yecrrb Acklb y Aejcreb quc sc nucstrb ikl iecrtks rbsdks nklzùleiks. Ab zklb ciubtkreba sc ibrbitcrezb pkr sus prciepetbieklcs cacvbmbs rcduabrncltc rcpbrmbs murbltc tkmk ca bòk. Ab tcnpcrbturb ncmeb bluba cs batb, mc :3°I y nuy rcduabr, ikl ksieabieklcs tårneibs mc 9°I, y ouncmbm cacvbmb. Ab vcdctbieùl cs ibrbitcrîsib mca jksquc ciubtkreba k scavb, secnprc vcrmc, ikl ulb drbl iblmbm mc krb mclsb y mc baturb, clkrnc vbrecmbm mc cspciecs vcdctbacs. Ab gbulb cs nuy bjulmbltc y mevcrsb, ikl nbnîgcrks bjrîikabs iknk aks prenbtcs, badulks ocrvîvkrks, gcaelks, rkcmkrcs y clkrnc vbrecmbm mc elscitks. Ca iaenb nklzùleik nklzù leikikltrbstc quc sc cxclmc pkr ab ikstb lkrtc dkagk mc Duelcb, sc vb b ibrbitcrezbr pkr ca biusbmk cltrc ab cstbieùl aauveksb y abmca cstbieùl scib. Ab scqucmbm prcmknelb murbltc drbl pbrtc mca bòk, pcrk ab pauveksembm bluba cs nâs batb quc ab mc aks iaenbss oðncmks. iaenb oðncmks. Ca jksquc nklzùleik nklzùleik prcscltb prcscltb drbl iblmbm mc cspciecs cspciecs ibmuiegkaebs ibmuiegkaebs,, pucstk quc ab ouncmbm lk cs iklstbltc. Ikltrbstcs skiebacs Iklmeieklcs oestùreibs pbrb ab krdblezbieùl cspbieba  Obstb cltrbmk ca sedak __, Âgreib guc ul ikllcltc sujpkjabmk. Cstb csibscz mc pkjabi pkj abieùl eùl,, ulemk ulemk b ab bjulmb bjulmblie liebb mc crrbs crrbs,, dclcrb dclcrbrîb rîb enpkrt enpkrtblt bltcs cs prkjac prkjacnbs nbs pbrb pbrb ab krdblezbieùl mc clmbmcs pkaîibs iknpac`bs. Aks pcqucòks lðiacks mespcrsks mc pkjabieùl mknelbjbl ab zklb icltrk y sur, necltrb squc ca lkrtc bgreiblk, besabmk pkr ca drbl mcsecrtk mc Ybobrb, iklkieù ulb cvkauieùl oestùreib pbrbacab nuy megcrcltc veliuabmb ba mcvcler oestùreik curkpck pkr sus ikltbitks b trbvås mca Ncmetcrrâlck y Krecltc Ncmek.

 

Bulquc mcsmc ca sedak _W yb Curkpb sc objîb ablzbmk b ab iklqusetb mc tcrretkreks trbsbtaâl trbsb taâliks iks y pbrb caak ujeibrkl ujeibrkl scmcs dckcstrbt dckcstrbtådeibs ådeibs cl Âgreib, Âgreib, lk scrîb scrîb obstb lbacs mca sedak _E_ iublmk tuvk audbr ab iklquestb enpcrebaestb ikakleba mca ikllcltc y ab cxpblseùl obieb ca eltcrekr. Cstb eliurseùl mktù mc ul sestcnb urjblk mc krmcl ikakleba y ulbs aùdeibs mc krmclb krm clbieùl ieùl mca tcrret tcrretkre krek k quc preveacd preveacdebj ebjbl bl ab kiupbi kiupbieùl eùl mcsmc mcsmc ab ikstb ikstb y abs ârcbs ârcbs nâs biicsejacs pkr jbrik. Xcrk ca rcpbrtk mc Âgreib cl ab Iklgcrclieb mc Jcraîl, 2?33, cstbjacieù grkltcrbs ikaklebacs cl ab quc abs mesltbs pktcliebs curkpcbs sc bmcltrbrkl cl ca ikrbzùl mca ikllcltc cl jðsqucmb mc nbtcrebs prenbs pbrb sus elmustrebs y mc lucvks ncribmks pbrb sus prkmuitks. Cl ca sedak __ sc prkmu`k ulb mc abs trblsgkrnbieklcs cl ca pblkrbnb pkaîik dakjba nâs enpkrtbltcs mca sedak, ab elmcpclmclieb y aejcrbieùl mc abs ikaklebs. Ye jecl aks nkvenecltks mc aeaejc jcrb rbieù ieùl l el elsp sper erbm bmks ks pkr pkr ak akss åxet åxetks ks bseâ bseâi iks ks gu gucr crkl kl grus grustr trbm bmks ks cl su nbyk nbykrî rîbb pkr pkr ab su supc pcre rekr krem embm bm neae neaetb tbrr cl sus sus kr krîdc îdclc lcs. s. ]r ]rbs bs ab E Ducr Ducrrb rb Nulm Nulmeb eba, a, ab abss kr krdb dble lezb zbiek ieklc lcss y nkvenecltks elmcpclmclstbs bgreiblks ikjrbrkl drbl enpuask y trbs ab EE Ducrrb Nulmeba, ca retnk aejcrbaezbmkr sc elircncltù. Cl aks bòks 78 prâiibncltc tkmk ca ikllcltc objîb akdrbmk su elmcpclmclieb. Aks pcr`ueieks mc abs ducrrbs prkmu`crkl ul ibnjek mc cstrbtcdeb pkr pbrtc mc abs pktcliebs ikaklebacs y aejcrbrsc mc ab ibrdb ciklùneib quc supklîb nbltclcr sus ikaklebs, y sustuer su eluclieb pkaîik-bmnelestrbvb, pkr ulb purbncltc ciklùneib y ikncrieba, pcrneù cl drbl pbrtc quc sc suicmecrb ikl tba rbpemcz. Ab pbrieùl ikakleba quc sùak ikltcnpaù aks eltcrcscs nklkpkaîsiks y ikncriebacs mc abs pktcliebs ikaklezbmkrcs lk tclmrîb cl iucltb ab octcrkdclcembm mc ab pkjabieùl. ]rejus, acldubs, ikstunjrcs, rcaedeklcs, gucrkl edlkrbmbs ba ujeibr mùlmc aenetbjbl ulks pbîscs ikl ktrks. Cstb ocrclieb ikakleba seduc dclcrblmk vekacltks ikleitks cl ab bitubaembm. Oky, Âgreib ab iknpklcl 3= pbîscs y 2= mcpclmecltcs, pcrk ikl ulb gucrtc supcmetbieùl mc aks pbîscs mcsbrrkaabmks b trbvås mca lckikaklebaesnk. Nuioks butkrcs iknk Bnel Ybner, scòbabl quc ab dakjbaezbieùl cs ca lucvk enpcrebaesnk. Cvkauieùl mc ab pkjabieùl Ab cvkauieùl mc ab pkjabieùl bgreiblb ob cstbmk nbribmb pkr mevcrsks iklmeieklbltcs bnjecltbacs c oestùreiks. Ab tckrîb oestùreib obic oelibpeå cl ab csiabvetum y ca ikaklebaesnk iknk rcspklsbjacs mca cstblibnecltk mcnkdrâik quc sugreù ca ikllcltc. Ba lbaezbr ca sedak _E_ Âgreib lk crb ul ikllcltc scne-vbiîk selk iknk bpultb Bdueacrb, ‑scne-vbiebmk„. Ab vcrmbmcrb cxpakseùl mcnkdrâib tclmrîb audbr trbs ab EE Ducrb Nulmeba ikl ul iklsciucltc ircienecltk mc ab pkjabieùl iklicltrbmk cl aks cliabvcs ikstcrks y cl abs ieumbmcs, quc mcsmc cltkli clt klics cs rcdest rcdestrbl rbl ulbs ulbs nbykrc nbykrcss tbsbs tbsbs mc ircien ircienecl ecltk tk vcdct vcdctbv bvk k quc abs ârcbs ârcbs rurbac rurbacs. s. Bituba Bit ubancl ncltc tc ab pkjabi pkjabieùl eùl urjblb urjblb cs mc ul =8% bprkxen bprkxenbmb bmbncl ncltc, tc, bulquc bulquc ikl iabrks iabrks ikltrbstcs cltrc ca Âgreib ncmetcrrâlcb (78%) y ab sujsbobreblb (93%). Ab ibrclieb mc cnpack, veveclmb, cmuibieùl, scdurembm y sblembm obl ociok quc ca åxkmk rurba sc eltclsequc. Cl tårnelks mc pkjabieùl bjskautb Âgreib sc setðb oky cl 2988 neaaklcs mc pcrsklbs bprkxenbmbncltc, pbrclmk mc quc cl 2588 su pkjabieùl bjskautb pkmîb derbr cl tkrlk b aks 2:8 neaaklcs mc objetbltcs, ca retnk mc ircienecltk cs vcrdelksk. Yu îlmeic mc ircienecltk bluba sc cliucltrb bitubancltc cl tkrlk ba :,7% cl ca Âgreib sujsbobreblb y ikl tbsbs elgcrekrcs ba :% bluba pkr pbrtc mc aks pbîscs ncmetcrrâlcks bgreiblks. Ipnk ocnks meiok, ca rådencl mcnkdrâik mc aks pbîscs bgreiblks sc ibrbitcrezb pkr ul ircienecltk vcdctbvk batk quc supcrb ca :% cl ca Âgreib sujsbobreblb y ikl ul îlmeic mca 2-:% pbrb ca Âgreib nmetcrrâlc nmetcrrâlcb. b. Mcjcnks mcstbibr mcstbibr quc aks mbtks skl bpkrtbmks pkr ab KLS

 

pucs lk iucltb ca ikllcltc ikl ul iclsk cstreitk, y cl ca ibsk mc Âgreib mca lkrtc, cstks mbtks jrutks sc iknpbrtcl ikl Krecltc Ncmek. Cstc gucrtc ircienecltk cs iklsciuclieb mc abs cacjbvbs tbsbs mc lbtbaembm0 mca =8%38% pbrb ca Âgreib sujsbobreblb, y badk b adk nâs jb`bs, :8-=8% cl ab ncetcrrâlcb. Lks clikltrbnks bltc ca ikllcltc ikl nbykr lbtbaembm y gciulmembm mca pablctb. Ab cvkauieùl mcnkdrâib lk ob ibnjebmk mcnbsebmk cl ca ðank sedak mbmk quc ab trblseieùl mcnkdrâib ðleibncltc sc ob baiblzbmk cl ca Nbdrcj, Wbaac mca Leak y ca Âgreib Bustrba. Bulquc cs cspciebancltc rcacvbltc mcsmc abs ðanbs måibmbs y cl vestb b aks prklùsiks mcnkdrâiks, quc mbmk ca mcsiclsk mc nkrtbaembm elmuiemk pkr ibnbòbs mc vbiulbieùl nbsevb y nc`krbs sbletbrebs, ab cxpakseùl mcnkdrâib bgreiblb bpultb b aacdbr b aks :888 neaaklcs cl :838. Bðl bsî, oby quc mcstbibr quc abs iegrbs mc nkrtbaembm mca Âgreib sujsbobreblb sc setðbl ibse cl ul 23%, seclmk Acsktk, Iobm y Duelcb Jessbu aks pbîscs ikl tbsbs nâs batbs mc nkrtbaembm. Ab nkrtbaembm elgbla b mcsiclmemk cl tkmk ca ikllcltc cl tkrlk ba 38%, pcrk badulks pbîscs iknk Zcpðjaeib Icltrkbgreiblb, Yecrrb Acklb k Yknbaeb prcscltbl nâs mc ul ?8%. Cl iubltk b ab cspcrblzb mc vemb ncmeb bgreiblb cs mc 79 bòks cl ca ibsk mc abs nu`crcs y 78 aks oknjrcs, clikltrâlmklks cl aks pbîscs mca ncmetcrrâlck ulb ncmeb mc 44 bòks y obieb ca sur ikneclzb i kneclzb b mcsiclmcr obstb aks 3 bòks. Ycdðl ca îlmeic mc Wcyrct.Wcrlcr, ca ikllcltc prcscltb ul rådencl mcnkdrâik  `kvcl mbmk quc ab rcabieùl mc pkjabieùl quc pbsb mc aks 78 bòks y ab quc lk aacdb b aks :8 bòks cs elgcrekr elgcrekr b 8,=. Cs mcier, sc dbrblzb dbrblzb ca rccnpabzk rccnpabzk dclcrbieklba dclcrbieklba.. Ak quc scrîb ul rådencl ùpnk pbrb ca prencr nulmk, supklc drblmcs eliklvclecltcs pbrb ca tcricr nulmk mbmk quc cstks pbîscs sugrcl prkjacnbs mc csibscz mc rciursks baencltbreks, elgrbcstruiturbs, sblembm y cmuibieùl, bmcnâs mc batbs iegrbs mc mcscnpack. Nkvenecltks nedrbtkreks Aks nkvene nkveneclt cltks ks nedrbt nedrbtkre kreks ks skl ulb rcbaem rcbaembm bm dakjba dakjba quc sc elt eltcls clsei eibb ikl abs setubieklcs mc mcscqueaejrek pkaîik, ciklùneik y skieba mc ibmb pbîs. Mcsmc Âgreib, cxestc ul u`k iklluk mc nedrbieùl eltcrrcdeklba c eltcrikllcltba, skjrc tkmk obieb ca lkrtc, cl jusib mc nc`krbr nc`krbr su sestubieùl0 sestubieùl0 prcibrecmbm prcibrecmbm ciklùneib, ciklùneib, ikleitks brnbmks, mcscnpack, mcscnpack, trâik eacdba mc pcrsklbs, cti. Aks preliepbacs nkvenecltks nedrbtkreks skl0 -

Mc Mcspa spabzb bzbnec necltk ltkss abjkrba abjkrbacs cs mcsmc mcsmc Âgreib Âgreib kiiemcl kiiemcltba tba y icltrba icltrba b pbîscs pbîscs mcsbrr mcsbrrkaa kaabmk bmkss k zklb pctrkacrb mca Dkagk Xårseik y cxpaktbieklcs bdrîikabs mca Yboca. Gau`k mc rcgud rcgudebmks ebmks mc Âgreib krecltba, krecltba, icltrba icltrba y, y, cl nclkr nclkr ncmemb, ncmemb, kiiemcltba. kiiemcltba.

B pcsbr mc supklcr ul nclkr vkauncl cl arcabieùl ikl aks mcspabzbnecltks eltcrekrcs, ab nedrbieùl cxtcrekr, skjrc tkmk obieb Curkpb, pkr icriblîb, rcprcscltb ulk mc aks mcsbks sk skie ieba bacs cs nâs nâs ik iknp npac ac`k `kss mc ab bitu bituba baem embm bm dakj dakjba ba.. Ab gkr gkrse senb nb ir ires eses es ounb ounble letb tbre rebb mca mca ncmetcrrâlck quc sc ob sbambmk ibse 2888 vîinbs ca ðank :825 quc eltcltbjbl aacdbr b sucak curkpck, pklc skjrc ab ncsb ab lcicsembm pkr pbrtc mc aks dkjecrlks mca prencr nulmk pklcr cl prâiib pkaîibs cgcivbs. Mestrejuieùl mcnkdrâib Ab mestrejuieùl mcnkdrâib cs nuy mcseduba, ikl nâxenb mclsembm cl abs zklbs ikstcrbs y ârcbs uvebacs mc abs zklbs ncmetcrrâlcb y trkpeiba, badulks nbiezks iknk Fcleb y zklbs iknk aks Drblmcs Abdks, quc bmcnâs mc ul gucrtc ircienecltk rciejcl ulb enpkrtbltc

 

elnedrbieùl. Cl ca ktrk pkak tclcnks aks mcsecrtks ounblks cl ca eltcrekr, cspciebancltc Ybobrb, Fbabobre y abs scavbs ciubtkrebacs. Mcsbrrkaak urjblk. Mcsqueaejreks. Abs ieumbmcs skl ab nbtcrebaezbieùl urjblb mc abs rcabieklcs skiekciklùneibs y ab rcbaembm mcnkdrâib mc aks pbîscs, mc nkmk quc cl ul ikllcltc mc ikltrbstcs iknk cs Âgreib lks clikltrbnks ul mcsbrrkaak urjblk mcseduba y nbribmk pkr su mcvcler oestùreik. Iknk yb ocnks nclieklbmk, nclks mc ab netbm mc ab pkjabieùl bgreiblb sc iklsemcrb urjblb, bulquc ca prklùsik mbmb abs cacvbmbs tbsbs mc ircienecltk bluba mc pkjabieùl y ca eliepecltc cxkmk rurba cs quc cl pkiks bòks sc supcrc cl pkjabieùl urjblb b aks pbîscs mcsbrrkaabmks. Iubaquecr dclcrbaembm skjrc aks pbesb`cs urjblks skjrc ca vbstk ikllcltc scrîbl pkik prciesbs, bulquc pkmcnks cstbjacicr mks drblmcs rcbaembmcs urjblbs0 -

Ab ieumbm ieumbm mca mca Âgreib Âgreib ncmetc ncmetcrrâ rrâlcb lcb cstâ cstâ eluem eluembb pkr ca mcsbrr mcsbrrkaa kaak k urjblîs urjblîsik ik esaân esaâneik eik,, pkr tbltk, prcscltb ul icltrk nkluncltba y ul trbzbmk errcduabr cl sus ibaacs. Abs ieumbmcs nusuanblbs tclîbl ul ibrâitcr cscliebancltc ikncrieba, pkaîik y rcaedeksk, y aks jbrreks sc setðbl cl ab ncmelb k cxtrbnurks. @ultk b cstks ibsiks oestùreiks sc mcsp mcspau aucd cdbb ulb ulb ieumb ieumbm m cu curk rkpc pcbb mklm mklmcc sc cstb cstbja jaci cicc ab pkja pkjabie bieùl ùl bmel bmelcr crbm bmb. b. Ca mc mcsbr sbrrka rkaak ak ikncri ikncrieba eba pkrtub pkrtubrek rek ob gbvkrc gbvkrciemk iemk cl drbl drbl ncmem ncmembb ba ircien ircienecl ecltk tk mc ieumbmcs iknk Brdca k ]ðlcz. Ieumbmcs nâs nkmcrlbs, iknk Ibsbjablib, prcscltbl ulb ikldurbieùl peibncltc curkpcb. U mcjcnks mcstbibr ab prcsclieb mc ncdbaùpkaes iknk Ca Iberk ikl nâs mc 5,3 neaaklcs mc objetbltcs.

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Ab ieum ieumbm bm mc mcaa Âg Âgre reib ib sujs sujsbo bobr breb eblb lb mc mcre revb vb pr prel elie iepb pban ancl cltc tc mc ab abss ik ikls lsci ciuc ucli lieb ebss ikaklebacs. Bltcs mc ab mknelbieùl enpcrebaestb cxesbl pkiks lðiacks urjblks, ikl ca caab ab bpbr bpbrci cicr crîb îbl l ieum ieumbm bmcs cs iknk iknk Mb Mbfb fbr, r, Ybaes Ybaesju jury ry k Ybab Ybabbn bn,, ik ikl l ulb ulb nbri nbribm bmbb scdrcdbieùl rbieba. Barcmcmkr mca icltrk ikncrieba y bmnelestrbvk ikltrkabmk pkr aks jabliks, y sus jbrreks rcsemcliebacs, sc cliucltrbl aks jbrreks mc pkjabieùl lcdrb, b nclumk elgrbveveclmbs. Ab Âgreib bustrba iucltb tbnjeål ikl ulb ncdbaùpkaes mc 3 neaaklcs mc objetbltcs, @kobllcsjurdk.

Ca ircienecltk bicacrbmk quc ocnks bpultbmk cl ab cvkauieùl mcnkdrâib mca ikllcltc, prkmuiemk pkr su eltcdrbieùl cl, ul mcsbrrkaabmk pbrbsunele ca quc lk cs cstbj tbjbl bl prcpbr prc pbrbmk bmk sus pbîscs pbîscs, obicl obisestcnb cl qucibpetbaestb aks dkjecr dkjecrlks lks scbl scbl elibpb elielmuiemk bpbics ics mc sun elestr strbr br elg elgrbc rbcstr struit uiturb urbss y vevecl veveclmbs mbs suiec suiecltc ltcss pbrb pbrb ab pkjabie pkjabieùl. ùl. Mc cstc cstc nkmk nkmk sc dclcrb dclcrbl l aks sujurveks suju rveks urjblks urjblks mclknelbmks mclknelbmks jemklveaac jemklveaac,, quc lk iucltbl ikl ab elgrbcstruiturb le aks scrveieks nîlenks mc objetbieklbaembm. Aks lðiacks nbrdelbacs bajcrdbl cltrc ca :3-78% mc ab pkjabieùl urjblb y bpultbl b elircncltbrsc ikl ca ircienecltk vcdctbvk. Ikltrbstcs ciklùneiks Ab ciklknîb ciklknîb bgreiblb bgreiblb veclc iklmeieklbmb iklmeieklbmb gulmbnclt gulmbncltbancl bancltc tc pkr ca sujmcsbrr sujmcsbrrkaak kaak elmuiemk pkr su rciecltc elmcpclmclieb y ca vkrbz lckikaklebaesnk. Yu ciklknîb sc megcrclieb cl mks sestcnbs ciklùneiks0 ca mc sujsestclieb, bliubmbs tåileibs mc iuavk y prkmuiieùl, y mc ncribmk (cxpkrtbieùl), ikl elvcrseklcs cxtrbl`crbs y tåileibs nkmcrlbs. Ikl ab ikaklezbieùl, Âgreib sc iklverù cl ab prkvccmkrb preliepba mc nbtcrebs prenbs mc abs pktcliebs nulmebacs, y ikl ab elmcpclmclieb, aks pbîscs dkjcrlbrkl ikl butklknîb

 

pkaîib y bmnelestrbvb, pcrk lk ciklùneib. Ikl ca lba mc ab ducrrb grîb ca pcsk mc Âgreib cl ca pblkrbnb nulmeba mesneluyù y mc`ù mc rciejer abs elvcrseklcs y byumbs quc objîbl ociok Cstbmks Slemks pbrb ab aejcrbaezbieùl mc su ciklknîb, y ab SZYY pbrb ab enpabltbieùl mc rcdînclcs skiebaestbs. Cltrc 2558 y :88: sc prkmu`k ul ircienecltk acltk y ul mctcrekrk prkdrcsevk mc abs iklmeieklcs mc vemb, cl ca lucvk ikltcxtk mc dakjbaezbieùl, Âgreib crb ul cltc nbrdelba mbmk quc lk ikltbjb ikl abs elgrbcstruiturbs suiecltcs iknk pbrb scr iknpcvb, ðleibncltc pucmc cxpkrtbr sus reibs nbtcrebs prenbs sel prkicsbr b prcieks ibmb vcz nâs jb`ks pbrb lk qucmbr gucrb mca ieriuetk ikncrieba. Slb mc abs drblmcs meiuatbmcs quc btrbvecsb ab ciklknîb bgreiblb cs ab drbl mcumb cxtcrlb quc biunuab mcsmc aks bòks 48, iublmk nuioks pbîscs bgreiblks pcrmecrkl skaeietbrkl iråmet irå metks ks pbrb pbrb lblie lbliebr br abs drblmcs drblmcs elg elgrbc rbcstr struit uiturb urbs. s. Iknk Iknk iklsc iklsciuc iuclie lieb, b, ab prcibr prcibrecm ecmbm bm abjkrba, ca mcscnpack, ca rcikrtc cl dbstks pðjaeiks y ab mesneluieùl mc prkmuiieùl mc baencltks cl jclciek mc aks iuavks mc cxpkrtbieùl, cxpaeibl ca prcibrek XEJ c EMO mc Âgreib. Bulquc ca XEJ mcsmc :88? ob emk ircieclmk prkdrcsevbncltc. Abs nc`krbs ciklùneibs sc obl mcjemk b0 -

Elircnclt Elircncltk k mc kgcrtb kgcrtb mc rciursks rciursks lbturbacs, lbturbacs, gulmbncltb gulmbncltbancl ancltc tc nelcrb nelcrbacs acs (ikatâl) (ikatâl) Ab prkm prkmui uiieù ieùl l pctr pctrka kacr crbb bunc bunclt ltbb elik elikrp rpkr krbl blmk mk lucvb lucvbss zk zklb lbss mc cxtrbi cxtrbiie ieùl ùl ik iknk nk Duelcb Ciubtkreba. Buncltk Buncltk mc mc elvcrsek elvcrseklcs lcs cxtrbl cxtrbl`crbs `crbs skjrc tkmk pkr pbrtc pbrtc mc Ioelb Ioelb y Cstbmks Cstbmks Slemks. Slemks. Ik Ikls lska kaem embi bieù eùl l mc su kgcrtb kgcrtb turîs turîsi ibb quc quc rcpc rcpcri riut utcc cl ab nc`k nc`krb rb mc tr trbl blsp spkr krtc tcss c elgrbcstruiturbs. Ircien Ircienecl ecltk tk mca ikls iklsunk unk eltcr eltcrlk lk iknk iknk iklsciu iklsciucli clieb eb mc ab bpbre bpbreieù ieùl l mc ulb lucvb lucvb iabsc ncmeb bgreiblb (sumâgreib - tcilkakdîb) y lkrtc bgreiblk.

Mc cstbs nc`krbs aks preliepbacs jclciebmks obl semk Âgreib mca lkrtc y Yumâgreib, cxestcl mcnbsebmks pbîscs cl sumâgreib quc sùak skjrcvevcl drbiebs b ab byumb eltcrlbieklba. Ycitkr prenbrek Âgreib cs ul ikllc Âgreib ikllcltc ltc mc ibrâit ibrâitcr cr cnelcl cnelcltcn tcnclt cltcc rurba, rurba, ab nbykr nbykr pbrtc pbrtc mc ab pkjabieùl cs tkgbvîb bdreiuatkrb k dblbmcrb. Ca pcsk mca scitkr prenbrek bgreiblk cs prenkrmeba mbmb su requczb mc rciursks lbturbacs, sel mumb cs su bivembm ciklùneib nâs rcacvbltc. Bulquc ca preliepba rctk bgreiblk cs dbrblzbr ab baencltbieùl mc ab pkjabieùl, gbitkrcs iknk ab scquîb, ducrrbs k elcstbjeaembm pkaîib, bsî iknk ca ircienecltk mcnkdrâik mca ikllcltc, obl bgcitbmk drbvcncltc cstb setubieùl. Cl ab bitubaembm iklvevcl ab bdreiuaturb mc sujsestclieb y ab bdreiuaturb ikncrieba k mc cxpkrtbieùl0 Ab bdreiuaturb trbmeieklba elcrbltc mc rkzb cs ul sestcnb mc prkmuiieùl bdrîikab mc sujsestclieb, yb bliubmk, quc sc prbbiib cl jksqucs y scavbs trkpeibacs y iklsestc cl mcspc`br zklbs ncmebltc ab tbab y/k qucnb mc vcdctbieùl grklmksb, bprkvcioblmk ca iabrk pbrb ca iuavk mc mctcrnelbmbs cspciecs (abs iclezbs gcraezbl ca sucak). Ab crrb sc abjrb obstb quc ca sucak sc bdktb y sc mc`b rciupcrbr ikl abrdks jbrjcioks. Cstb tåileib ikltrejuyc b cvetbr ab mcdrbm mcdrbmbieù bieùl l mca mca sucak sucak c oemrka oemrkaùde ùdeib, ib, pcrk pcrk gbvkrc gbvkrcic ic ca bvblic bvblic mc ab mcgkrc mcgkrcstb stbieù ieùl. l. Cs ibrbitcrîsib mc ab zklb trkpeiba oðncmb mca Âgreib sujsbobreblb cl pbîscs iknk Yclcdba, Lîdcr y Iobm.

 

Ab bdreiuaturb mc rcdbmîk sc iklicltrb i klicltrb cl aks vbaacs mc aks drblmcs rîks ikl cstruiturb mc prkpecmbm nelegulmestb, y sc vucaib cl su nbykr pbrtc cl ab bdreiuaturb mc sujsestclieb. Cl ab bdreiuaturb mc ncribmk mcjcnks mcstbibr quc ab prkmuiieùl bdrîikab bgreiblb sc mcslb cl ul 43% ba ncribmk. Yc ibrbitcrezb pkr ab batb prkmuivembm pkr ocitârcb y ca cnpack mc tåileibs nkmcrlbs, scaciieùl mc scneaabs y cspciecs, usk mc bjklks y gcraezbltcs quîneiks, cti. Cstb bdreiuaturb sc mcsbrrkaab drbiebs b abs batbs elvcrseklcs cxtrbl`crbs bpkybmbs pkr nuioks dkjecrlks quc ak vcl iknk ðleib gucltc mc mevesebs pbrb sus ciklknîbs. Akibae Akib aezb zbnk nkss cstb cstbss zk zklb lbss bdrî bdrîik ikab abss tblt tbltk k cl ca Âgre Âgreib ib sujs sujsbo bobr breb eblb lb ik iknk nk cl ab ncmetcrrâlcb, y clc su kredcl b lbacs mca sedak _E_ iublmk abs pktcliebs enpcrebaestbs mcslbrkl ca tcrretkrek bgreiblk b ab cxpaktbieùl mc sus rciursks pbrb lutrer su elmustreb y mbr sbaemb b sus prkmuitks. Ab bdreiuaturb mc pabltbieklcs mca Âgreib sujsbobreblb cs tktbancltc ikncriebaezbmb0 tbjbik, bzðibr, ibgå, ibibk, ibuiok… y ca sestcnb sc jbsb cl nklkiuavks nklkpkaîsiks mc drblmcs nualbieklbacs. B ab requczb mc abs pabltbieklcs trkpeibacs sc ulc ca btrbivk mc ab nblk mc kjrb jbrbtb. -

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Ab dblbmc dblbmcrîb rîb cs ktrk ktrk mc mc aks aks rciursks rciursks trbmeieklba trbmeieklbacs cs bgreibl bgreiblks, ks, csibsk csibsk mbmk mbmk ca ca ia iaenb enb trkpeiba y abs clgcrncmbmcs. Ab prkmuivembm cs rcbancltc jb`b y sùak mcstbib sumâgreib pkr ca prkmuitk ablbr. Ab pcsib pcsib cs cs reib reib skjrc skjrc tkmk tkmk cl ca Btaâlik Btaâlik y ca Îlmeik. Îlmeik. Cl abs zklbs zklbs mc mc ikltbitk ikltbitk mc ikrrecltcs grîbs y iâaembs iknk Iblbrebs k Nkzbnjequc, quc skl cxpaktbmbs pkr cnprcsbs kiiemcltbacs k sumbgreiblbs. Ab pcsib uveba y cl abdks mca eltcrekr sc vc bnclbzbmb pkr ab ikltbnelbieùl.

Ycitkr sciulmbrek Cl Âg Âgre reib ib ibmb ibmb vcz vcz nâ pcrs pcrskl klbs bs cned cnedrb rbl l mca mca ib ibnp npk k b ab ie ieum umbm bm cl jusi jusibb mc kpkrtulembmcs abjkrbacs mc jb`b iubaeibieùl. Drbl pbrtc mc caaks y caabs sc mcmeibl ba ‑scitkr elgkrnba„ elgkr nba„ mc ab ciklknîb, ul scitkr ciklùneik lk rciklkiemk rciklkiemk le `urîmeik `urîmeik le acdbancltc acdbancltc nuy elcstbjac y quc obic usk eltclsevk mc ab nblk mc kjrb. Cstbs pcqucòbs elmustrebs brtcsblbacs mc trbmeieùl trbmeieùl prc-ikakle prc-ikakleba, ba, gulmbnclt gulmbncltbancl bancltc tc clgkibmbs clgkibmbs ba ncribmk ncribmk eltcrekr eltcrekr y ba turesnk, turesnk, mcjcl iknpcr ikl ab elmustreb nkmcrlb y abs enpkrtbieklcs. Ab cxtrbiieùl mc nbtcrebs prenbs mc kredcl nelcrba cs ab nâs rcacvbltc mcltrk mc ab ciklknîb bgreiblb. Mbmb ab abrdb oestkreb dckaùdeib bgreiblb, ca ikllcltc prkmuic y cxpkrtb mcsmc åpkib ikakleba nelcrbacs iknk ikjrc, krk, ikjbatk, irknk… y rciursks clcrdåiks0 rcsccrvbs mc pctrùack y dbs, prkmuiieùl mc ibrjùl, urblek, bsî iknk clcrdîbs rclkvbjacs iknk ab oemrkcaåitreib, skabr y dcktårneib. Ab cxpkrtbieùl mc pctrùack, iklicltrbmk cl ca Dkagk mc Duelcb, lkrtc mc Âgreib y Bldkab, cs ab preliepba gucltc mc eldrcsks pbrb aks ibtkric pbîscs prkmuitkrcs mca ikllcltc. Ab scdulmb nbykr cxpkrtbieùl cs ab mc dbs lbturba, ikl Brdcaeb b ab ibjczb bgreiblb, seclmk ca queltk prkmuitkr nulmeba. Ab elmustreb rcprcscltb cl Âgreib pkik nâs mc ul 28% mca XLJ y sc cliucltrb iklicltrbmb cl ca lkrtc mc Âgreib, Yumâgreib, Fcleb, Yclcdba, Ikstb mc Nbra, Ledcreb k Penjbjuc. Ab cxpkaktbieùl mc cstks rciursks cstâl nblks, pkr ak dclcrba, mc cnprcsbs nualb nua lbiek ieklba lbacs cs quc enpklc enpklcl l b aks dkjecr dkjecrlks lks sus iklmeie iklmeieklc klcss y prciek prcieks, s, y cxpkrt cxpkrtbl bl aks jclcieks. Ab elmustreb bgreiblb cs måjea y mciecltc pkr vbreks nkvks, preliepbancltc ab gbatb mc iklkienecltks y busclieb mc nblk mc kjrb iubaeibmb, bsî iknk gbatb mc elvcrseklcs mc

 

ibpetba eltcrlk. Bmcnâs, b cstk sc ac sunb ab ibrclieb mc elgrbcstruiturbs, ca rcmuiemk tbnbòk mc aks ncribmks lbieklbacs y, pkr clmc, ab mcpclmclieb cxtrbl`crb. B tkmk caak ac mcjcnks sunbr ab gbatb mc cstruiturbs mc prkmuiieùl y trblspkrtc mcietbrek. Abs drblmcs abdulbs mc ab elmustreb bgreiblb clcl su krîdcl cl ulb ciklknîb trbmeieklba kjskactb trbs ab ikaklezbieùl y ca lckikaklebaesnk. Aks pbîscs ncmetcrrâlcks iucltbl ikl ul nbykr mcsbrrkaak elmustreba, bsî iknk ca rcsq rcsque ueie iek k mca mca su sur, r, ca pbîs pbîs nâs nâs mcsb mcsbrr rrka kaab abmk mk cs Yumâ Yumâgr grei eib, b, ik ikl l ulb ulb el elmu must stre rebb ik iknp npac ac`b `b,, mevcrseib mevc rseibmb mb y batbncltc batbncltc iknpcvb iknpcvb b levca eltcrlbieklba, eltcrlbieklba, jbsbmb preliepbancltc preliepbancltc cl ab nelcrîb y ikl ul batk iklsunk i klsunk eltcrekr. Ycitkr tcriebrek Abs trcs bivembmcs tcriebrebs rcacvbltcs skl ca ikncriek, ca trblspkrtc y ca turesnk. Ca ikncriek cxtcrekr bgreiblk cl ca ieriuetk ikncrieba nulmeba cs mc csibsk pcsk, cstk sc mcjc b ab jb`bmb mc prcieks mc abs cxpkrtbieklcs y buncltk mc ab iknpctclieb. Cxestcl gucrtcs ikltrbstcs cltrc ca Âgreib sujsbobreblb0 Ledcreb y ca sur bgreiblk sunbl ca =4% mc enpkrtbieklcs y 3?% mc cxpkrtbieklcs mca ikllcltc. Bitubancltc pbmcic abs iklsciucliebs mc ulks ncmeks mc trblspkrtc y iknuleibieùl csibsks y mcietbreks quc obicl elvebjac enpacncltbr ca ikncriek eltcrekr. Aks gcrrkibrreacs y ibrrctcrbs cstâl clgkibmks b uler icltrks prkmuitkrcs b aks pucrtks mc cxpkrtbieùl, y nuioks pbîscs mca eltcrekr le se quecrb iucltbl ikl rcm gcrrkvebreb. Ca turesnk, bulquc sc trbtb mc ul scitkr quc vb cl buncltk, se jecl ab zklb lkrtc iucltb ikl ul u`k turîsik rcabvbncltc batk mcsmc obic måibmbs (nc`kr iklcitbmk) bulquc sc ob vestk bgcitbmk pkr ab elcstbjeaembm sugremb trbs ab Xrenbvcrb Ârbjc y aks megcrcltcs btcltbmks tcrrkrestbs. Ca Âgreib sujsbobreblb ikneclzb b bpbrcicr ikl iecrtb nemcz0 Fcleb, ]blzbleb, Nbmbdbsibr y Ycyiocaacs. Aks btrbivks bgreiblks, bmcnâs mc ab gbulb, skl ca iaenb, ca pbesb`c k abs requczbs brquckaùdeibs. Bðl bsî, cs ul scitkr nuy eliepecltc y ikl drbl pktcliebaembm pcrk quc, bmcnâs, dclcrb ulb clkrnc mcpclmclieb ciklùneib cl ab quc ab nbykr pbrtc mc aks jclcieks mc ab bivembm b ivembm qucmbl gucrb mca ikllcltc. Abs rcabieklcs ikncriebacs mc aks cstbmks bgreiblks sc mcsbrrkaabl gulmbncltbancltc ikl ca cxtcrekr, abs bldubs pktcliebs ikaklebacs mc ab Sleùl Curkpcb, pcrk tbnjeål ikl CCSS, @bpùl @bp ùl y rciecl rciecltc tcncl ncltc tc ikl Ioelb. Ioelb. Yc cxpkrt cxpkrtbl bl nbtcre nbtcrebs bs prnbs, prnbs, bae baencl ncltks tks y prkmui prkmuitks tks cl clcr crdå dåi iks ks y sc en enpk pkrt rtbl bl jecl jeclcs cs mc qu quep epk k y nbqu nbquel elbr breb eb.. Cstk Cstk pr prkm kmui uicc ul ulbb dr drbv bvcc mcsiknpclsbieùl cl ab jbablzb ikncrieba. Ab Sleùl Bgreiblb, ircbmb cl :882, sc ob prkpucstk ab ircbieùl mc ulb zklb mc aejrc ikncriek ikl uleùl bmublcrb y ulb nklcmb iknðl pbrb bltcs mc :8:9. Xkr ktrb pbrtc, ktrk mc aks kj`cvks b pbrr mca biucrmk trepbrtk cltrc ca Ncribmk Iknðl pbrb ca Âgreib Krecltba y Bustrba, ab Iknulembm pbrb ca mcsbrrkaak mca Âgreib bustrba y ab Iknulembm mca Âgreib Krecltba baiblzbmk cl Cdeptk cl :823, cs ca mc enpuasbr ca ikncriek elt eltcrb crbgre greibl iblk. k. Bituba Bitubanc ncltc ltc,, sc cliucl cliucltrb trb cl ul cstbmk cstbmk mc mciec iecltc ltc mcjemk mcjemk ba jb`k jb`k pkmcr pkmcr bmquesevk y ab mcieclieb mc aks trblspkrtcs. Ikltrbstcs iuaturbacs Ikl rcspcitk b aks ikltrbstcs iuaturbacs prcscltcs cltrc ca Âgreib ncmetcrrâlcb y ca Âgreib sujsbobreblb, lks clikltrbnks ikl ul lkrtc cl ca quc ab gucrtc prcsclieb mc ab rcaedeùl nusu nu suan anbl blbb mc mcsm smcc ca seda sedak k WE WEEE ik ikl l ab ik iklq lque uest stbb mc mcaa Nbdr Nbdrcj cj dclc dclcrb rbrâ râ ul ulbb rc rcab abv vbb

 

oknkdclcembm iuaturba quc obic quc ca esabn scb ulk mc aks preliepbacs cacncltks emcltbreks mc cstks pbîscs (nuy prcscltc cl aks nkvenecltks elmcpclmclstbs blikaklebacs mca sedak __). Yel cnjbrdk, ca Âgreib sujsbobreblb, nuiok nâs bnpaeb, prcscltb ulb nbykr mevcrsembm iuaturba. Ye jecl abs rcaedeklcs iresblbs y nusuanblbs sc cliucltrbl bnpaebncltc cxtclmembs pkr ca Âgreib icltrba y bustrba, ikl nbykr prktbdklesnk cl zklbs pkrtubrebs y urjblbs, sc prkmu`k ul selircsnk ikl abs rcaedeklcs butùitklbs (blenestbs preliepbancltc). Ab mevcrsembm rcaedeksb prkmuic ikltrbstcs cl ca pbesb`c iuaturba, ikl ieumbmcs nusuanblbs pabdbmbs mc nczquetbs y nelbrctcs ba lkrtc, c edacsebs y ibtcmrbacs cl pbîscs iknk Ckpîb. Mcsmc ul pultk mc vestb åtleik y iuaturba, lks clikltrbnks ikl drupks scnîiks y obnîiks iknk aks tubrcd k guable mca Yâobrb y ca Yboca. Ba sur mca Ybobrb mcstbibl aks drupks lcdrkemcs, bulquc ca lknbmesnk ob supucstk oestùreibncltc ab mespcrseùl mc aks drupks. Ca cacncltk quc nc`kr rcc`b aks megcrcltcs krîdclcs åleiks y su paurbaembm skl abs 2388 acld ac ldub ubss quc quc sc obja objabl bl cl ca ik ikl llc lclt ltc. c. Aks Aks pbîs pbîscs cs bgre bgreib iblk lkss sk skl l nbyk nbykre retb tbre rebn bncl cltc tc nuaaeldñcs cl aks quc ca usk iknðl mc ab acldub ikakleba sucac scr uaezbmk iknk cacncltk iknðl. Abs acldubs sucacl bdrupbrsc cl iubtrk drblmcs gbneaebs0   `keseblk  `keseblk  (âgreib bustrba, nbykretbreb nbykr etbrebnclt ncltcc cl Lbnejeb y Yumâgreib), Yumâgreib), leaksbobreblk leaksbobreblk   (âgreib icltrba y icltrba-krecltba, Iobm y Fcleb), bgrkbseâib Fcleb), bgrkbseâib (ârbjc,  (ârbjc, jcrcjcr y skldoby cl ca âgreib ncmetcrrâlcb, bmcnâs mca bnbreik cl Yumâl y Ckpîb) y ikldk- fkrmkgbl B y J y J sc cxclmcl cl abs mks tcricrbs pbrtcs mca ikllcltc, preliepbancltc pkr ca Âgreib icltrba, ikl nâs mc 2888 acldubs megcrcltcs, mcstbibnks abs iuaturbs guable, ykrujb, edjk, aeldbab, swboeae. Xkr supucstk, abs grkltcrbs pkaîibs enpucstbs cl su nbykrîb trbs ca rcpbrtk mc Âgreib cl ab Iklgcrclieb mc Jcraîl, y quc bitubancltc sc nblclcl, lk ikeliemcl ikl abs grkltcrbs åtleibs k aeldñîsibs ak quc supklc, pkr ulb pbrtc, ulb elircîjac requczb iuaturba, pcrk mc drbl iknpac ikn pac`em `embm bm cl ab dcsùl dcsùl mc pkaîi pkaîibs bs mujcrl mujcrlbnc bncltb ltbacs acs cl nbtcre nbtcrebb skieba skieba,, ael aeldñî dñîsi sibb y cmuibvb. Bltc cstb rcbaembm, ab nbykr pbrtc mc pbîscs bgreiblks obl kptbmk pkr ca usk mc ab acldub ikakleba iknk ikkieba bmcnâs mc ab acldub nâs objabmb trbs ab elmcpclmclieb. Slk mc aks ikleitks nâs rcprcscltbvks mc cstb mevcrsembm y iokquc iuaturba cs … Ab me mevc vcrs rsem embm bm y re requ qucz czbb iuatu iuaturb rbaa mc cstc cstc ik ikl llc lclt ltcc obl obl pr prkv kvki kibm bmk k nða nðapa pacs cs cxprcseklcs y nblegcstbieklcs brsibs, ikl ul enpkrtbltc mknelek mc ab nðseib cl ab vemb skiekiu ski ekiuatu aturba rba bgreib bgreiblk. lk. Xkr ulb pbrtc, pbrtc, ab trbmei trbmeieùl eùl krba krba bgreib bgreiblb, lb, krî krîdcl dcl mc su aet aetcrb crbtur turb, b, oestùreibn oestù reibncltc cltc se ob uaezbmk pbrb ab trbls trblsneseù neseùl l mc vbakrcs iuaturbacs iuaturbacs mc abs trejus trejus y drupks drupks åtleiks, su oestkreb, netks y gâjuabs ncmebltc ab lbrrbieùl cl ibltk. Ab aetcrbturb csiretb cs ul gclùnclk nâs rciecltc cl ab Âgreib sujsbobreblb quc ikltrbstb ikl ab gucrtc bivembm aetcrbreb y ounblestb mca lkrtc bgreiblk, pkr mklmc sc cxpblmeù ab iuaturb kiiemcltba b trbvås mc abs drblmcs jejaektcibs. Ab nðseib nðseib trbmei trbmeiekl eklba ba bgreib bgreiblb lb cs ab nblegc nblegcstb stbieù ieùl l iuatur iuaturba ba nâs enpkrt enpkrtblt bltcc mca ikllcltc, aedbmb ikl cnpks rcnktks y quc nbrib ab emclmbm åtleib b ak abrdk y bliok mca ik ikl llc lclt ltc. c. Yc jbsb jbsb pr prel elie iepb pban ancl cltc tc cl ulb ulb dr drbl bl vb vbre recm cmbm bm rî rîtn tnei eibb y ab mblz mblzbb rcsu rcsuat atbb elmespclsbjac, drbl pbrtc mc su nðseib vkiba cs pkaegùleib y ikl ulb drbl enpkrtblieb pbrb ab enprkv enp rkvesb esbieù ieùl. l. Ikl ca ikncr ikncriek iek csiabv csiabvest estb, b, ab nðsei nðseibb kiiemc kiiemcltb ltbasc asc vcrîb vcrîb gucrtc gucrtcncl ncltc tc elucliebmb, prencrk cl Bnåreib, mklmc b ab nðseib curkpcb sc ac eltrkmuierîb ab sîlikpb (obieclmk ‑jbeabjacs„ su nðseib) y nâs tbrmc surederîbl lucvks dålcrks iknk ca jaucs, skua y  `bzz. Ab eluclieb iuaturba mcrevbmb mc ab trbtb mc bgreiblks cl ca nulmk nulmk kiiemcltba supklmrâ ca surdenecltk mc ab nðseib ikltcnpkrâlcb, y bitubancltc ab nbykr pbrtc mc ab nðseib y sblzb pkpuabr bsecltbl sus rbîics skjrc ca ikllcltc bgreiblk.

 

Cl ak rcabvk b abs Jcaabs Brtcs mcjcnks bpultbr ab enpkrtblieb mca brtc trbmeieklba bgreiblk eltrîlscibncltc aedbmk ikl ca mcsbrrkaak mc cstc pkr abs megcrcltcs iuaturbs y ikl irklkakdîbs nuiok nâs meabtbmbs quc abs curkpcbs, y senuatâlcbs0 brtc rupcstrc mca Yâobrb (]bsseae), brtc lujek (cdepiek, iresblk c esaâneik), brtc cdepiek, brtc bnbzedo, brtc ckpc, brtc lkf,, brtc lkf brtc skldob skldoby, y, brtc brtc mkdùl, mkdùl, cti… cti… Ca mcsbrr mcsbrrkaa kaak k brs brsikik-paâ paâsi sik k mc Âgreib Âgreib pkpuab pkpuabrr y trbmeieklba ob cstbmk gucrtcncltc aedbmk ikl ab csclieb mc sus iuaturbs y sus vîiuaks ikl ab lbturbaczb, y aacdbl obstb lucstrks mîbs. Mca nesnk nkmk, cxestc ul brtc ikltcnpkrâlck quc nerb obieb su cacncltk quc iknpbrtc prckiupbieklcs mcsbrrkaaks mcatrbmeieùl acldub`c iknk ba nkmk mca brtcemcltbrek kiiemcltba,pcrk mcstbibl pkåibs elmevemubacs Bsoerby Kabtulmc k Iocre Iocrel. Âgreib-Iblbrebs Ab rcab rcabie ieùl ùl oest oestùr ùreib eib cl cltr trcc Ib Iblb lbre rebs bs y Âgre Âgreib ib clc clc ulb ulb ab abrd rdbb tr trbs bsic iclm lmcl clieb ieb,, dckdrâibncltc Iblbrebs y Âgreib skl ab nesnb iksb. Ca krîdcl mc ab pkjabieùl mc abs esabs prkveclc mca ikllcltc vcielk (tckrîbs mca pkjabnecltk bnbzedo), y lk guc obstb ab iklquestb mc Iblbrebs quc sc vcrîbl mcsveliuabmbs pkaîib y bmnelestrbvbncltc mca nesnk. Cl ca sedak _EW sc prkmu`k prkmu`k ul ‑rcmcsiujr ‑rcmcsiujrenecl enecltk„ tk„ curkpck mc abs esabs y scrîb b pbrr mc cstc nkncltk nkncltk quc, ikl ab cxpblseùl curkpcb pkr ca Btaâlik, abs esabs scrîbl iklquestbmbs b elikrpkrbmbs b ab Ikrklb mc Ibsaab. Iblbrebs sc iklvcrb bsî cl ul pultk dckcstrbtådeik iabvc pbrb ca ikncriek treblduabr mcsbrrkaabmk mcsmc ca sedak _W. Cl ca sedak _WE, ab nklbrib @ublb butkrezbjb pkr rcba iåmuab ab cxiabvezbieùl mc sbobrboues pbrb trbjb`br cl abs pabtblcrbs mc Drbl Iblbreb y ]clcregc, y murbltc aks sedaks _WEE y _WEE ca brioepeåabdk nblvk reibs rcabieklcs ikl ab ikstb bdreiblb0 pkjabieùl, iuaturb, gbulb, jktâleib, sc eltcribnjebrkl cltrc abs mesltbs skiecmbmcs. Cl aks sedaks _E_ y __, ca Ybobrb kiiemcltba sc iklvcrrîb cl ulb prkvelieb nâs cl ab quc iblbreks y bgreiblks ikncriebjbl, sc elstbabjbl y iklstuîbl skiecmbmcs ocrnblbs. Ca Jbrrek Iblbrek mca Bbeðl iklscrvb cl ab Bvclemb Ibtbauòb ul blduk nkaelk mc dkk quc lks servc iknk cacncltk senjùaeik mc cstb uleùl quc sc vcrîb rktb cl 2543 ikl aks biucrmks trepbrtks mc Nbmrem, quc b mîb mc oky seducl supkleclmk drbvcs prkjacnbs tbltk elsuabrcs iknk eltcrlbieklbacs.

Ab pcrtclclieb dckdrâib b Âgreib y ab aacdbmb mc aks prencrks pkjabmkrcs veliuaù cl cxiausevembm b abs esabs ikl csc ikllcltc murbltc aks prencrks vceltc sedaks mc su Oestkreb. Ab aacdbmb mc aks curkpcks, b pbrr mca sedak _EW, ibnjeù rbmeibancltc ca meju`k bltcrekr. Ikl caaks guc pksejac eleiebr aks abzks ikl ca Âgreib sujsbobreblb, pcrk b ab vc sc iklmeieklù cl ca guturk abs mcieseklcs quc sc tknbjbl, pucstk quc ejbl b mcpclmcr cl ak suicsevk mc pkmcrcs quc qucmbjbl gucrb mc abs esabs. Murbltc ab Ctbpb Nkmcrlb ab rcabieùl ikl Âgreib sc jbsù cl ab kjtclieùl mc csiabvks, ba nclks obstb ikneclzk mca sedak _WEEE, iublmk ibnjeù ab prkpeb mcnblmb iblbreb y buncltù ab iknpctclieb mc pbîscs cxtrbl`crks. @ultk b caab sc gkrnbrkl ktrk pk mc rcabieklcs tbnjeål gulmbncltbacs, iknk abs pcsqucrbs, ca ikncriek mc ktrk pk mc prkmuitks k ca ikrsbresnk. Ab elmcpclmclieb pkrtuducsb supusk ul murk dkapc pbrb aks eltcrcscs iblbreks. Cs `ustk cl ab prencrb netbm mca sedak _WEEE iublmk sc mbl prkicsks mc trblsgkrnbieùl tbltk gucrb iknk mcltrk mc Iblbrebs, cl ab quc csb veliuabieùl guc nâs måjea yb quc bðl lk cstbjb mclemk ca lucvk pbpca quc mcjîbl `udbr abs esabs ikl ca ikllcltc. Cl ab scdulmb

 

netbm mc csb icltureb sc eleieb ulb lucvb ctbpb, cl csks nkncltks tkmbvîb mc gkrnb nemb, cl ab quc ikjrbrâ ul pcsk ibmb vcz nbykr ca scrver mc bpkyk, mc jbsc mc trâlsetk y mc kpcrbieklcs b abs rciecltcs iklquestbs enpcrebaestbs. Yus gulmbncltks oespblks gucrkl ab kiupbieùl mc Duelcb Ciubtkreba y abs pkscseklcs cspbòkabs. Cl ca Yâobrb y cl ca prktcitkrbmk mc Nbrruciks. Ab nbykr prcsclieb mc iblbreks cl csbs ikaklebs, y tbnjeål cl ktrbs curkpcbs, guc ul ociok meslvk mc ab lucvb ctbpb. Ikl aks prkicsks mc elmcpclmcliebs csc nkmcak sc veclc bjb`k y sc rcbmbptb ab rcabieùl, ak quc ikeliemc ikl ca eleiek mc ab ]rblseieùl cspbòkab

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