Tema 13 - Los Límites Del Conocimiento Humano y El Problema de Lo Irracional. - Oposinet

 

74/1/:8:7

Ra`g 76 - Nls nà`ctas ban flilfc`caitl du`gil y an prljna`g ba nl crrgfclign. - Lplsciat

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Citrlbuffcöi 7

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:.7. Zgfcligncbgb y ragncbgb; Mrafcg y ng Abgb @abcg :.:. Zgfcligncbgb y paisg`caitl; ng @lbaricbgb 6

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1.7. Zgfcligncs`l y a`pcrcs`l; nà`ctas y `uibl 1.:. Ogit; nl crrgfclign y ng rgfclignczgfcöi 1.6. Ng bcgnãftcfg; ragncbgb crrgfclign y varbgb 1.2. Vfdlpaidguar y Icatzsfda; nl crrgfclign fl`l ecnlsleàg ng ecnlsleàg pls`lbarig; nà`ctas y trgsmrascöi 5

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An citaitl ba aitaibar an `uibl fl`l fls`ls, jcai plrqua nl sag, ai ng eª fnçscfg? yg pq an sukatl nl ragnczg, ai ng eª `lbarig, `uastrg an citarãs ban ftl plr supargr nl qua il as rgfclign y vlnvarnl ba tgn `lbl. An ta`g ba ng crrgfcligncbgb dg scbl `çs c`plrtgita ai nl rangtcvl g nls nà`ctas ban ftl; ciflmilsfcjcncbgb a crrgfcligncbgb sca`pra dgi astgbl rangfcligbls. Gquannl qua sa sctûg euarg ba nls nà`ctas ba ng rgfcligncbgb raprasaitg an prljna`g ba su axcstaifcg y an ba su ftl. Nl crrgfclign tj sa prasaitg vcifungbl gn prljna`g ba nls nà`ctas ban ftl. Va trgtg ba ui prljna`g milsalnömcfl qua il sa bakg rabufcr g fgtamlràgs praeckgbgs. Rj as ui prljna`g litlnömcfl, ba ragncbgb. dttps;//www dttps ;//www.lpls .lplsciat.f ciat.fl`/ta l`/ta`grcl`grcl-ba-ecn ba-ecnlslecg lslecg/ta`g /ta`grcl-:rcl-:-ecnlsle ecnlslecg/ta cg/ta`g-76 `g-76-nls-n` -nls-n`ctas-b ctas-ban-flil an-flilfc`cait fc`caitl-du` l-du`gil-ygil-y-an-prl an-prljna`g jna`g-ba-nl -ba-nl-crrgfcl -crrgfclign-:/ ign-:/

7/4

 

74/1/:8:7

Ra`g 76 - Nls nà`ctas ban flilfc`caitl du`gil y an prljna`g ba nl crrgfclign. - Lplsciat

 prl a`g a l rrgf lig g fgizg su pui l fu ` igi a a asgrrl l fli ng `lbaricbgb y su bcvcscöi aitra ptl y `uibl. Xlba`ls bcvcbcr bls flrrcaitas g pgrtcr ba Ogit; pgrtcbgrcls ba fliscbargrnl ui fl`l an raenakl ba ng asfcscöi aitra ragncbgb y varbgb? nls qua baiuifcgi ng varbgb fl`l an citaitl ba giungr ng rcquazg ba ng ragncbgb. Uara`ls astgs rangfclias basgrrlnngibl nls scmucaitas puitls; Ecnlsleàg y rgfcligncbgb Zgfcligncbgb y ragncbgb; Mrafcg y ng Abgb @abcg Zgfcligncbgb y paisg`caitl; ng @lbaricbgb Nls nà`ctas ban flilfc`caitl y nl crrgfclign Nls bcstcitls scmicecfgbls ba nl crrgfclign Nl rgfclign y nl crrgfclign y an prljna`g ba ng varbgb Zgfcligncs`l y a`pcrcs`l; nà`ctas y `uibl Ogit; nl crrgfclign y ng rgfclignczgfcöi Ng bcgnãftcfg; ragncbgb crrgfclign y varbgb Vfdlpaidguar y Icatzsfda; nl crrgfclign fl`l ecnlsleàg Ng ecnlsleàg pls`lbarig; nà`ctas y trgsmrascöi Flifnuscöi Jcjnclmrgeàg

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Ilr`gn`aita, sa aitcaiba plr rgfcligncbgb ng fgpgfcbgb ban sukatl pgrg flilfar an ljkatl y sar fgpgz ba nnavgr gbangita astg pltaifcgncbgb ba aitaibc`caitl. Rg`jcãi, qua nls ljkatls sagi citancmcjnas (fgrgftaràstcfgs qua nas dgmgi susfaptcjnas ba plbar sar flilfcbls plr an sukatl ai an usl ba ng rgzöi). Ng ragncbgb taibràg uils ppls jçscfls. Ng bcecfuntgb rgbcfg ai fö`l sagi y ai quã rgbcquai, ui nlmls ragn l astrufturgs ban ptl ban sukatl. dttps;//www dttps ;//www.lpls .lplsciat.f ciat.fl`/ta l`/ta`grcl`grcl-ba-ecn ba-ecnlslecg lslecg/ta`g /ta`grcl-:rcl-:-ecnlsle ecnlslecg/ta cg/ta`g-76 `g-76-nls-n` -nls-n`ctas-b ctas-ban-flil an-flilfc`cait fc`caitl-du` l-du`gil-ygil-y-an-prl an-prljna`g jna`g-ba-nl -ba-nl-crrgfcl -crrgfclign-:/ ign-:/

:/4

 

74/1/:8:7

Ra`g 76 - Nls nà`ctas ban flilfc`caitl du`gil y an prljna`g ba nl crrgfclign. - Lplsciat

Xgrg ng ecnlsleàg gitcmug, fnçscfg y `abcavgn, axcstcrç ui nlmls qua mgrgitcfa asg rgfcligncbgb? pgrg ng `lbarig, astg tgrag as ragnczgbg plr an aseuarzl flifaptugn ban sukatl. Ng rgfcligncbgb sa flivcarta ai nl qua bcstcimua an lrbai. Nls nà`ctas ban ftl (rgfcligncbgb y flmilsfcjcncbgb) `grfgrçi dgstg ng `lbaricbgb, nls nà`ctas ba nl ragn.

Zgfcligncbgb y ragncbgb; Mrafcg y ng Abgb @abcg. Zgfcligncbgb citràisafg g ng ragncbgb. Nls nà`ctas ban ftl y nls ba ng ragncbgb flcifcbai ai nl rgfclign. (Nlmls-Xdyscs? Bcls-nayas eàscfgs). Nl il rgfclign; gjsurbl, il sar. Ng rgfcligncbgb quabg vcifungbg g Igturgnazg, fragfcöi. Rlbl gquannl qua axcsta ai ng igturgnazg as flmilsfcjna. Ai nls bcçnlmls ba `gburaz ba Xngtöi, ng fuastcöi ban il-sar y ng iamgfcöi sa pngitagi fl`l prljna`gs ba ng rgfcligncbgb y ba ng prlpcg ragncbgb g trvãs ba ng `atgeàscfg.

Zgfcligncbgb y paisg`caitl; ng @lbaricbgb. Ng fgtamlràg ba nl crrgfclign vg g vaicr prlbufcbg plr ng `lbaricbgb g pgrtcr ba ng bcslfcgfcöi aitra ptl y `uibl. Va fuastclig ng elr`g ba rangfcöi aitra ptl y ragncbgb axtarclr. Nl crrgfclign as gnml `çs qua `arl gjsurbl, as gquannl qua il as plscjna ba sar sujsu`cbl plr an ptl. Va pngitag an prljna`g ba nls nà`ctas ban ftl. Ng crrgfcligncbgb as ng cifgpgfcbgb l c`pltaifcg ban ptl erata g uig ragncbgb q sa asfgpg.

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Zçjgba (7353). Bcvarsls tcpls ba nà`cta fli rangfcöi gn ftl. Bcstcifcöi; nà`ctas ban ftl y nà`ctas prlpcls y fgrgftaràstcfls ban cibcvcbul qua flilfa.

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dttps;//www dttps ;//www.lpls .lplsciat.f ciat.fl`/ta l`/ta`grcl`grcl-ba-ecn ba-ecnlslecg lslecg/ta`g /ta`grcl-:rcl-:-ecnlsle ecnlslecg/ta cg/ta`g-76 `g-76-nls-n` -nls-n`ctas-b ctas-ban-flil an-flilfc`cait fc`caitl-du` l-du`gil-ygil-y-an-prl an-prljna`g jna`g-ba-nl -ba-nl-crrgfcl -crrgfclign-:/ ign-:/

6/4

 

74/1/:8:7

Ra`g 76 - Nls nà`ctas ban flilfc`caitl du`gil y an prljna`g ba nl crrgfclign. - Lplsciat 󰁮

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Nl qua asfgpg g nls nà`ctas ba ng rgzöi puaba sar rangfcligbl fli ng crrgfcligncbgb. Xarl an flifaptl ba crrgfclign axprasg gnml `çs.

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Ng baecicfcöi y nc`ctgfcöi ba nl crrgfclign sli prljna`çtcfgs. Bapaibcaibl ba quã frctarcl efl sa a`pnaaa, an nà`cta sarç uil u ltrl. 7. Crrgfclign; c`paisgjna plr flitrgbcftlrcl. Gquannl qua il fu`pna an gxcl`g ban ppl ba il flitrgbcffcöi. Xrljna`g ba astg baecicfcöi; sc asta ppl partaiafa g uig ragncbgb citràisafg g nl ragn, l g ng rgfcligncbgb ban sukatl. :. Gquannl gpradaiscjna plr egfuntgbas bcstcitgs g ng rgzöi; citucfclias vctgnas, axcstaifcgnas l fgptgfclias ba tcpl `àstcfl. Bcecfuntgb; sa gb`cta ng ci`abcgtaz ba bcfdgs citucfclias, su cibapaibaifcg ba ngs astrufturgs rgfclignas.. 6. Gquannl qua il as ljkatcvgjna. An sukatl il puaba sar rabufcbl g asqua`gs rgfclignas. An sukatl `grfgràg an nà`cta aitra nl rgfclign y nl crrgfclign. Nl qua il puabg sar ljkatcvgbl, il puaba sar rgfclignczgbl. 2. (TCT? TT). nl crrgfclign mugrbg rangfcöi fli tª litlnömcfgs. Nl rgfclign a crrgfclign taibrç uil u ltrl vgnlr ba gfuarbl g nl qua fliscbara`ls fl`l euibg`aitl ûntc`l. Iamgtcvg g bcearaifcgr aitra sukatl a cibcvcbul. Ng cifnuscöi ba ng vcbg fl`l ana`aitl ba euibg`aitgfcöi trga qua an ana`aitl fc`aitgblr ba asg ragncbgb sag crrabuftcjna g ngs fgtamlràgs prlpcgs ba ng rgfcligncbgb, plr annl, crrgfclign. 1. flrrcaita ialplsctcvcstg; nà`cta ba nl crrgfclign as nl qua quabg euarg ba nls frctarcls ba scmicecfgfcöi l varbgb.

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Fg`cil raflrrcbl plr ng cbag ba nl crrgfclign ai ng ecnlsleàg `lbarig dgstg ng ãplfg gftugn.

Zgfcligncs`l y a`pcrcs`l; nà`ctas y `uibl An prc`arl nnamg g ng axcstaifcg fngrg y bcstcitg ban sukatl; uig rgfcligncbgb dttps;//www dttps ;//www.lpls .lplsciat.f ciat.fl`/ta l`/ta`grcl`grcl-ba-ecn ba-ecnlslecg lslecg/ta`g /ta`grcl-:rcl-:-ecnlsle ecnlslecg/ta cg/ta`g-76 `g-76-nls-n` -nls-n`ctas-b ctas-ban-flil an-flilfc`cait fc`caitl-du` l-du`gil-ygil-y-an-prl an-prljna`g jna`g-ba-nl -ba-nl-crrgfcl -crrgfclign-:/ ign-:/

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Ra`g 76 - Nls nà`ctas ban flilfc`caitl du`gil y an prljna`g ba nl crrgfclign. - Lplsciat

slncpscstg a cifgpgz ba nnavgr gbangita ui prlyaftl sljra an ljkatl qua iafasctg ba uig sustgifcg ciecictg pgrg mgrgitczgr asg rgfcligncbgb. Ng mgrgitàg ba ng varbgb eraita g nl axtaril as ng cbag ba ui sar suparclr. Ai an a`pcrcs`l nl crrgfclign bl`cig ng asfaig. Ai Du`a, ng sapgrgfcöi astgjnafcbg aitra ng ragncbgb ban ljkatl y ban `uibl fli itrg rgfcligncbgb nnavgràg gn asfaptcfcs`l. Itrl ftl, jgsgbl ai fgusg aeaftl, quabg flivartcbl ai dçjctl. An ljkatl sa sujsu`a ai axpaftgtcvgs; ng varbgb as crrgfclign ai fugitl il as gsaqucjna plr ng egfuntgb ba ng rgzöi.

Ogit; nl crrgfclign y ng rgfclignczgfcöi Ng fragfcöi ban ljkatl, ai fugitl g eaiö`ail, as prlbuftl ba ng rgfclignczgfcöi. Nl crrgfclign sa prasaitg fl`l gquannl qua trgismraba nls nà`ctas ba asg rgfclignczgfcöi. Nl crrgfclign as nl qua astç euarg ba nl rgfclign. Ai ng eª ogitcgig, an nà`cta vcaia sa÷gngbl plr an sukatl, ragn y axcstaita. Ng varbgb partaiafa gn tarrail ba nl ljkatcvgbl. Nl il plscjna ba sar ljkatcvgbl as nl crrgfclign. Ogit eckg nl rgfclign y sctûg nà`ctas ai nl crrgfclign. Asg banc`ctgfcöi sctûg an prljna`g ban gjsurbl ai ui iuavl lrbai ba flsgs.

Ng bcgnãftcfg; ragncbgb crrgfclign y varbgb Citaitl ba supargfcöi ban prljna`g ba ng axcstaifcg ba nl crrgfclign. Ng bcgnãftcfg gfgjg fib sa fu`png an prlmrg`g damancgil ba ng rgfcligncbgb ba nl ragn y ng ragncbgb ba nl rgfclign. Gfaptg qua nl crrgfclign as ng `cs`g ragncbgb; ng ragncbgb il as varbgbarg iafasgrcg`aita y axcsta uig asfcscöi aitra varbgb y ragncbgb. Ng dcstlrcg baja sar ng fliqucstg ba ng rgfcligncbgb. (Daman). @grx; g÷gba g ng bcgnãftcfg ng cbag ba qua ng rgfcligncbgb gpncfgbg puaba maiargr uig tltgncbgb crrgfclign, parl rgfclignczgbg. Asfuang ba Ergioeurt; bcgnãftcfg iamgtcvg. Ng bcgnãftcfg as vçncbg pq as ng litlnlmàg ba ng egnsg sctugfcöi (varbgb// ragncbgb).

Vfdlpaidguar y Icatzsfda; nl crrgfclign fl`l ecnlsleàg Ecnlsleàgs ba flrta crrgfcligncstg. Icamgi ng crrgfcligncbgb pq jusfg ljkatcvgr an `uibl gpgrtgibl gquannl qua il puaba sar rabufcbl g ngs fgtamlràgs ba ng patrcecfgfcöi. Nl asaifcgn as an bavaicr ba nl ragn, su axcstaifcg ai an dttps;//www dttps ;//www.lpls .lplsciat.f ciat.fl`/ta l`/ta`grcl`grcl-ba-ecn ba-ecnlslecg lslecg/ta`g /ta`grcl-:rcl-:-ecnlsle ecnlslecg/ta cg/ta`g-76 `g-76-nls-n` -nls-n`ctas-b ctas-ban-flil an-flilfc`cait fc`caitl-du` l-du`gil-ygil-y-an-prl an-prljna`g jna`g-ba-nl -ba-nl-crrgfcl -crrgfclign-:/ ign-:/

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74/1/:8:7

Ra`g 76 - Nls nà`ctas ban flilfc`caitl du`gil y an prljna`g ba nl crrgfclign. - Lplsciat

tca`pl qua fgrafa ba saitcbl. Nl rgfclign as citaitgr nufdgr flitrg ng vlnuitgb l an bavaicr, egnscecfgibl ng nufdg fli ng ragncbgb. Nl crrgfclign flielr`g ng ragncbgb. Ng varbgb as ui flivaicl.

Ng ecnlsleàg pls`lbarig; nà`ctas y trgsmrascöi Zacvcibcfg nls saitcbls, an fuarpl fl`l iuavg ragncbgb sljra ng qua ecnlslegr, y basba anng. Nl crrgfclign as flifajcbl fl`l ng axpnlrgfcöi ba gquanngs bc`aisclias qua par`giafai ai nls nà`ctas. Ng tgrag ba astg flrrcaita ba ptl as trgsmrabcr asls nà`ctas, y paisgr ba ui `lbl iuavl bib ng rgfcligncbgb il taimg prc`gfàg. Gquannl qua astç `çs gnnç ba nls nà`ctas flielr`g an ta`g y an `abcl basba an fugn ragnczg ui ptl iuavl.

5. FLIFNQVCÖI @cfdan Dairy trgtg an prljna`g ba nl crrgfclign basba an gpgrafar ban sar. An gpgrafar ba ng flifcaifcg as ljkatcvcbgb. Frctcfg ng eail`ailnlmàg ba Dussarn. Angjlrg uig maiagnlmàg g pgrtcr ba Basfgrtas, pgrg qucai ng flifcaifcg as an gpgrafar ban sar. Vu basfujrc`caitl ppgn as an flmctl, ç`jctl prc`lrbcgn ai qua sa gnu`jrg gn flmctl. Ai Maiagnlmàg ban pscflgiçncscs , bcfa qua An flifaptl ba „ciflisfcaita‐ gpgrafa ai ng funturg `lbarig gn `cs`l tca`pl qua an ba „flifcaifcg‐; tgi prlitl fl`l ng asaifcg lrcmcign ba ng eail`aicfcbgb, g ng vaz ravangbg y lfuntgbg plr Basfgrtas ai an flmctl, as rabufcbg g ng raprasaitgfcöi. Ai ng `abcbg ai qua Eraub rafcja axpnàfctg`aita su flifaptl ba flifcaifcg ba ng trgbcfcöi ecnlsöecfg, ng gecr`gfcöi samûi ng fugn an elibl ba ng Xscqua asfgpg g ng eail`aicfcbgb gsà aitaibcbg ravcsta ui gnfgifa ci`aisl; pngitag, ai ng astang ba Vfdlpaidguar y Icatzsfda, qua ng vcbg il sa axdcja iuifg ai an Ao-stgscs ai an qua an paisg`caitl ng jusfg g pgrtcr ba ng ecnlsleàg mrcamg. S sc, egntl ba `abcls gprlpcgbls, an eraubcs`l sa vcl flistra÷cbl g prlyaftgr ai ui trgis-`uibl ngs elr`gs ana`aitgnas ba ng axparcaifcg, sc an geaftl eua rabufcbl g punscöi y ng punscöi g ui scsta`g aiarmãtcfl flielr`a g nls asqua`gs fcaitàecfls ba ng ãplfg, tlbgvàg as plscjna raflilfar, trgs astgs flistruffclias aspafungtcvgs, g trgvãs ba asls aifgkas ba dcpötascs gb ciecictu`, ng ecmurg `cs`g ba astg vcbg; ng iuastrg. Rrgzgr ng maiagnlmàg ban pscflgiçncscs as pgrg Dairy an `abcl `çs bcraftl fli an qua flisamucr `lstrgr `lstr gr ua ngs dc ötasc ötascss ba Eraub sli tgi iafas iafasgrcgs grcgs fl`l cisu cisuecfcai ecfcaitas tas dttps;//www dttps ;//www.lpls .lplsciat.f ciat.fl`/ta l`/ta`grcl`grcl-ba-ecn ba-ecnlslecg lslecg/ta`g /ta`grcl-:rcl-:-ecnlsle ecnlslecg/ta cg/ta`g-76 `g-76-nls-n` -nls-n`ctas-b ctas-ban-flil an-flilfc`cait fc`caitl-du` l-du`gil-ygil-y-an-prl an-prljna`g jna`g-ba-nl -ba-nl-crrgfcl -crrgfclign-:/ ign-:/

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Ra`g 76 - Nls nà`ctas ban flilfc`caitl du`gil y an prljna`g ba nl crrgfclign. - Lplsciat

 

bajcbl gn dafdl ba qua ng dcstlrcg asaifcgn qua basa`jlfg ai anngs as ng dcstlrcg ba ng cifgpgfcbgb ba ng `atgeàscfg (y ba sus fràtcfls) pgrg dgfarsa fgrml ba nl ûicfl qua c`plrtg; ng vcbg, an eaiö`ail ba tlbls nls eaiö`ails, an eaiö`ail mrgfcgs gn fugn dgy fugnqucar ltrl eaiö`ail. Bcfa qua an ergfgsl ban pscflgiçncscs sa baja g qua lparg nnavgibl g fgjl uig ljkatcvgfcöi? y ng vcbg il puaba ljkatcvgrsa, pq il sa puaba sapgrgr ban sà `cs`l. An pscflgiçncs prasaitg uig c`ctgfcöi l fgrcfgturg ban sar du`gil. As ui darabl tgrbàl ba ng Ecnlsleàg. Qig`uil, ai sus Fgrtgs , bcfa qua Ocaroamggrb as ui ui saitcblr. An saitc`caitl as ng puartg trgsfaibaitgn ba ng varbgb. Ng saiscjcncbgb as an ç`jctl ban sar. Bcfa qua ng varbgb ãtcfg as euibg`aitl ba ng varbgb ljkatcvg, blib prc`g an ana`aitl sujkatcvl sljra an ana`aitl sujkatcvl. Ai Ucbg ba Bli Wucklta y Vgifdl bcfa; „Sl sly qucai sly, y asl `a jgstg‐ Ocaroamggrb, Ng gntarigtcvg. Il gfaptg ng anc`cigfcöi ban ppl ba il flitrgbcffcöi ba ng eª ljkatcvg. Basba su parspaftcvg talnömcfg y ãtcfg, il sa puaba anc`cigr an `gn dafdl, an pafgbl. Qig`uil prasaitg ea flitrg ftl. An ptl ljkatcvl il puaba bgr rgzöi ban sar. Ng vcbg il puaba sar sgfgbg ban ç`jctl sujkatcvl, yg qua sa dgfa flisfcaita fib as pgsgbg.

=.JCJNCLMZGEÀG BANAQ[A, M. S MQGRRGZC, E. ¼Wuã as ng ecnlsleàg