Tema 02 HME I. Material Didáctico

 

Brkhl Brkh l 6:;6-6:;4 6:;6-6:;4 M`stl r`k Gih`ivko h hi i Ispkûk @ (T`bols S@@ S@@@-] @-]@@@) @@@) XIGKV@L P GKXIV@KOIT H@HËDX@DLT XIGK @@>

OK DLE[Y@TXK @TOËG@DK HI OK ZIEÇETYOK P OK DVIKD@ÔE HI KO-KEHKOYT (2;;-293).

;. Ok s`tukd`ôe pie`esuokr ko prlhud`rsi ok `evks`ôe> io tr`uecl elf`o`kr`l y ok ktlg`zkd`ôe hio ri`el v`s`blhl (3=:-2;;). 6. Ols ckdtlr ckdtlris is hi ok dlequ`stk `soëg`dk. 4. Ok pieitrkd`ôe pieitrkd`ôe y io dletrlo g` g`o`tkr o`tkr hi ok Z Zieçesuok> ieçesuok> dkgpkûk dkgpkûkss hi Xkr`q, G Gusk, usk, Kfh ko-Kz`z fie Gusk y sus sudislris `egih`ktls. 8. Ols prlfoigks hio ksietkg`ietl hi ols dlequ`stkhlris. dlequ`stkhlris . 9. Ok dr`s`s dr`s`s hi gih`khls hio s`bol S@@@. 3. Ok euivk istrudtu istrudturk rk sld`ko hi ko-Kehkous.

GKEYKO FËT@DL S`h. ËOSKVI^ ZKOIE^YIOK, S`dieti Ëebio (dllrh.). M`stlr`k hi Ispkûk hi ok Ihkh Gih`k (  (ie ie khioketi si d`tkrë dlgl Gkeuko ). Fkrdiolek> Ih. Kr`io, 6:;;, pp. 9022. F`fo`lbrkcçk DMKOGIXK, Z. @evks`ôe i `sokg`zkd`ôe. Ok sug`s`ôe hi M`spke`k y ok clrgkd`ôe hi ko Kehkous. Nkàe> Ye`virs`hkh hi Nkàe, 6::4. DMINEI, K. B. M`stlr`k hi ok Ispkûk gusuogkek . Gkhr`h> Ih. Dëtihrk, ;0=:. BY@DMKVH, Z. Hi ok ixpkes`ôe ërkfi k ok Vidlequ`stk. Ispoiehlr y crkb`o`hkh hi ko Kehkous. QBrkekhkW> Cuehkd`ôe Io Oibkhl Kehkousç, 6::6. OISÇ-ZVLSIEDKO, I. Ispkûk gusuogkek mkstk ok dkçhk hio Dko`cktl hi Dôrhlfk (2;;-;:4;) , M`stlr`k hi Ispkûk Gieàehiz Z`hko, t. 8. Gkhr`h> Ispksk-Dkopi, ;09:. GKE^KEL GLVIEL, I. Dlequ`stkhlris, ig`ris y dko`cks> ols Lgiyks y ok clrgkd`ôe hi ko-Kehkous. Fkrdiolek> Drçt`dk, Q6::3W.

GKXIV@KO H@HËDX@D H@HËDX@DL L Xixtls Xi xtls pkrk dlgietkr`l

 

Xixtl Xi xtl eþg. ;> Crkbgietl hio Knfkr Gkdmguk. Ko skfir io riy hi Ispkûk ok euivk hi ok dlrrirçk hi Xkr`q, dles`hirô io ksuetl dlgl dlsk brkvi. Istkfk kusieti hi ok Dlrti, dlgfkt`iehl k Zkgpolek, y hishi kooç si h`r`b`ô mkd`k io gih`lhçk, dukehl yk Xkr`q mkfçk ietrkhl, mkf`iehl riue`hl dletrk àsti ue inàrd`tl hi d`ie g`o mlgfris l dlsk siginketi, sibþe si duietk. Kpieks ooibô istk elt`d`k k Xkr`q, isdr`f`ô k Gusk p`h`àehloi gës trlpks y hëehloi pkrti hi qui si mkfçk midml huiûl hi

Kobid`rks y hio Okbl, pirl qui Gusk, io riy hiqui Ispkûk dletrk àohidleXkr`q ue inàrd`tl qui el plhçk dletrkrristkr. hishivieçk ok pkrt`hk mkfçk gkehkhl dlestru`r fkrdls y tieçk yk gudmls, oi gkehô dletrk iools d`edl g`o mlgfris, hi suirti qui io inàrd`tl kdkuh`ookhl plr Xkr`q ooibô k hldi g`o. Mkfçk yk dkut`vkhl gudmls i `gplrtketis pirsleknis, y dle iools istkfk Nuo`ëe, kdlgpkûkhl hi fkstketi bieti hio pkçs, ok duko ois `eh`dkfk ols puetls `ehiciesls y sirvçk pkrk io isp`lekni. Kdirdôsi dle ok colr hi ok elfoizk ispkûlok y ols m`nls hi sus riyis, qu`ieis, ko vir io eþgirl y h`spls`d`ôe hi ols guso`gis, tuv`irle uek dleciried`k y h`nàrlesi ols uels k ols ltrls> "Isti m`nl hi ok gkok gunir si mk midml huiûl hi euistrl ri`el s`e sir hi ist`rpi riko, ketis f`ie, uel hi euistrls `ecir`lris> kquiook bieti el pritiehi istkfoidirsi ie euistrl pkçs1 ol þe`dl qui hisik is bkekr fltçe> dlesibu`hl istl si gkrdmkrëe y els hinkrëe. Igpriehkgls cubk iequihkrle io glgietl hi ok pioik, y io m`nlVlhr`bl hi ok gkok gunir sirë hirrltkhl".okIe istl dlevie`hls. Mkfçk hkhl io gkehl hio kok hiridmk hi su inàrd`tl k T`sfirtl, y io hi ok `zqu`irhk k Kffk, m`nls kgfls hi su ketidislr Bk`t`xk, y dkfizks hi ok dlesp`rkd`ôe `eh`dkhk. Kprlx`gôsi, puis, dle ue inàrd`tl hi dirdk hi ;::.::: dlgfkt`ietis, y tieçk isti eþgirl (y el ltrl gkylr) plrqui mkfçk mkf`hl ie Ispkûk ue mkgfri, qui pr`ed`p`ô ie io ==, y dlet`euô tlhl isti kûl y ols hio =0 y 0:, y uek pisti hurketi ok duko gur`irle ok g`tkh l gës hi ols mkf`tketis. S`el hispuàs io kûl 0; Q0 elv`igfri 2:0 k 6= ldtufri 2;:W, qui cui ie Ispkûk kûl qui plr su kfuehked`k ridlgpiesô ols gkois pkskhls, y ie io duko si icidtuô ok `evks`ôe hi Xkr`q. Iedletrërlesi Vlhr`bl y Xkr`q, qui mkfçk pirgkeid`hl ie Kobid`rks, ie ue oubkr ookgkhl io Okbl, y pioikrle iedkre`zkhkgieti1 gks oks koks hiridmk i `zqu`irhk, ko gkehl hi kobþe T`sfirtl y Kffk, m`nls hi Bk`t`xk, h`irle khirrltkhl, mu`r, y y kuequi io dietrl ris`st`ô tketl, ko dkfl Vlhr`bl cui tkgf`àe ols guso`gis m`d`irle uek brke gktkezk g ktkezk ie ols ieig`bls. Vlhr`bl hiskpkrid`ô, s`e qui si sup`isi ol qui oi mkfçk kdletid`hl, puis ols gusuogkeis iedletrkrle slokgieti su dkfkool fokedl, dle su s`ook hi lrl, bukreid`hk hi rufçis y isgirkohks, y ue gketl tin`hl hi lrl y flrhkhl hi piroks y rufçis. Io dkfkool mkfçk dkçhl ie ue olhkzko, y io dr`st`kel qui mkfçk dkçhl dle ào, ko skdkr io p`i, si mkfçk hinkhl ue fltçe ie io olhl. Tôol H`ls skfi ol qui oi pksô, puis el si tuvl elt`d`ks hi ào e` si oi iedletrô v`vl e` guirtl. Hio  Knfkr Gkdmguk, trkh. Okcuieti Kodëetkrk, ie TËEDMI^-KOFLVEL^, D. Ok Ispkûk Gusuogkek, 6 vlos. Gkhr`h> Ispksk-Dkopi, ;024, vlo. @, pp. 8=-80.

 

Xixtl Xi xtl eþg. 6> Zkdtl hi Xilhlg`rl y Kfh ko-Kz`z `fe Guzk @fe Eusk`r.  Ie io elgfri hi H`ls, io Doigieti, io G`sir`dlrh`lsl. Ih`dtl hi Kfh koKz`z `fe Gusk `fe Eusk`r k Xuhg`r `fe Kfhusm QXilhlg`rl, m`nl hi ols blhlsW. Isti þot`gl lft`iei ok pkz y rid`fi ok prlgisk, fknl ok bkrketçk hi H`ls y su Zrlcitk, hi qui su s`tukd`ôe y ok hi su puifol el si kotirkrë1 hi qui sus sþfh`tls el sirëe guirtls, e` midmls pr`s`leirls, e` sipkrkhls hi sus isplsks i m`nls1 hi qui el si ois `gpih`rë ok prëdt`dk hi su rio`b`ôe, y hi qui sus

`bois`ks el sirëe quigkhks e` hisplsiçhks hi ols lfnitls duotl qui mky iooks1 tlhl iool g`ietrks skt`sckbk oks lfo`bkd`leis qui oihi `gpleigls. Ti ie oi dledihi ok pkz dle ok ietribk hi oks s`bu`ietis d`uhkhis> Lr`muiok, Fkotkek, Ko`dketi, Guok, S`ooiek, Olrdk y Iool. Khigës, el hifi hkr ks`ol k ekh`i qui muyk hi elsltrls l sik euistrl ieig`bl1 e` prlhud`r hkûl k ekh`i qui muyk hi elsltrls l sik euistrl ieig`bl1 e` prlhud`r hkûl k ekh`i qui bldi hi euistrk kge`stçk1 e` lduotkr e`ebuek `eclrgkd`ôe slfri euistrls ieig`bls qui puihi ooibkr k su dleld`g`ietl. Ào y sus sþfh`tls pkbkrëe ue tr`futl keuko, dkhk pirslek, hi ue h`ekr ie gitëo`dl, duktrl gih`hks hi tr`bl, difkhk, zugl hi uvk y v`ekbri, hls hi g`io y hls hi kdi`ti hi lo`vk1 pkrk ols s`rv`ietis, sôol uek gih`hk. Hkhl ie io gis hi Vkykf, kûl 08 hi ok Màb`rk (2;4 h.D.). Dlgl tist`bls, ”Yzgëe `fe Kf` ”Kfhk, Mkf`f `fe Kf` ”Yfk`hk, @hrçs `fe Gk`skrk y Kfuo [ks`g ko-Gkzëo`. A`tkfTkobkhl. ko-fkyke Ok ko-gubr`f c` knfkr guoua ko-Kehkous wk-o-Gkbr`f, @fe ih. y trkh.@hkr`, C. Gkçool dkçhk hio dko`cktl hi Dôrhlfk y ols riyis hi tk`cks. Tkokgkedk> Ye`virs`hkh, Istuh`ls Ërkfis i @soëg`dls, ;004.

Xixtl eþg. 4>   Dlg`iezke oks buirrks d`v`ois ietri ols dlequ`stkhlris> firifiris, fkokhçis y s`r`ls.  Kdletid`ô, ie tketl, qui ols firfir`sdls ispkûlois, ko skfir io tr`uecl qui ols hi Ëcr`dk mkfçke kodkezkhl dletrk ols ërkfis y higës sþfh`tls hio dko`ck, si sufoivkrle ie oks dlgkrdks hi Ispkûk, y gktkrle l kmuyietkrle k ols ërkfis hi Bko`d`k, Kstlrbk y higës d`uhkhis s`tukhks kooiehi oks bkrbketks hi ok s`irrk (hi Bukhkrrkgk), s`e qui Fie [ktke tuv`isi ok gielr slspidmk hi ol qui sudihçk mkstk qui si oi prisietkrle ols cub`t`vls. Xlhls ols ërkfis hi ols ixtrigls hio elrti hi ok Zieçesuok cuirle `gpio`hls mkd`k ko dietrl, k ixdipd`ôe hi ols qui mkf`tkfke ie ^krkblzk y sus h`str`tls, plrqui irke kooç gës eugirlsls qui ols firfir`sdls, y el plhçke àstls kdlgitirois. Hirrltkrle k ols duirpls hio inàrd`tl qui Kfh ko-Gko`a gkehô dletrk iools, y gktkrle k ols ërkfis ie vkr`ks dlgkrdks, v`stl ol duko, tig`iehl qui oi sudih`isi ol qui mkfçk kdletid`hl k ols hi Xëebir, y dle elt`d`k hi ols kpristls qui mkdçke dletrk ào, el mkooô io vkoç gih`l ginlr qui slo`d`tkr ok kyuhk hi ols s`r`kdls. Iev`ôois fkrdls ie qui si trksokhksie k Ispkûk plr pioltleis, ois rig`t`ô vçviris y gketie`g`ietls, y pþslois plr dleh`d`ôe qui oi ietribksie h`iz pirsleknis hi ols gës `gplrtketis hi dkhk h`v`s`ôe, pkrk tieirols dlgl rimieis ie uek `sok, y qui, tirg`ekhk ok buirrk, ols trkesplrtkrçk hi euivl k @cr`q`yk. Dlev`e`irle ie iool y kdiptkrle io pkdtl, ix`b`iehl k su viz qui si ois trksokhksi hispuàs k @cr`q`yk tlhls nuetls, y el sipkrkhkgieti, y qui si ois ooivksi k puetl hlehi el cuisie `equ`itkhls plr ols firfir`sdls.

Sieçk dle ols s`r`kdls Kfh ko-Vkmgke fie Mkf`f, duyl pkhri mkfçk guirtl ie Ekshlrk.

 

Ie io kûl ;64 cui dukehl Kfh ko-Gko`a ols trknl k Ispkûk, y rid`f`hls ols rimieis, ols hipls`tô ie ok `sok hi Ygg Mka`g, ie io gkr. Istkfke ols s`r`kdls ie io þot`gl istkhl hi g`sir`k y hiseuhiz, s`e gës kfr`bl qui sus dlrkzks. Ko ooibkr k Kobid`rks iedletrkrle p`iois khlfkhks ie kfuehked`k, hi oks dukois si m`d`irle gkhrkës, y hispuàs ie Dôrhlfk, Fie [ktke v`st`ô k ols dkuh`ools pr`ed`pkois, y ois ripkrt`ô hëh`vks> el s`iehl istl fkstketi, ols ërkfis hi Ispkûk, tke lpuoietls dlgl riyis, ols rid`f`irle, v`st`iehl dkhk duko k ols gës pr`ed`pkois hi su tr`fu, y mkd`àehlois tketks okrbuizks, qui quihkrle iqu`pkhls y mkrtls. Dlebribkhls ols firfir`sdls hi Bko`d`k, Kstlrbk, Gàr`hk, Dlr`k y Xkokvirk, io`b`irle plr nici k Fie..., y dle ue inàrd`tl `eeugirkfoi pkskrle io rçl Xknl, ie fusdk hi Kfh ko-Gko`a fie [ktke, io duko gkehô dletrk iools k sus hls m`nls, [ktke y Ygkyyk, dle ols s`r`kdls dlgpkûirls hi Fkodm y ols fkokhçis hi Ispkûk. Dukehl sup`irle ols firfir`sdls qui isti inàrd`tl si mkookfk prôx`gl, rksurërlesi ok dkfizk, k `g`tkd`ôe hi Gkyskrk, k c`e hi el lduotkr ok dkusk qui hiciehçke y hi el dlecueh`rsi (dle ols dletrkr`ls) ie ok fktkook. Ksç si kdirdkrle k ok d`uhkh hi Xloihl. [ktke y Ygkyyk, dle sus trlpks rispidt`vks, v`e`irle k su ieduietrl, y trkfôsi uek rid`k pioik ie t`irrks hi Xloihl, slfri io Bukzkokti. Ols s`r`kdls kdlgit`irle dle cur`k y fktkookrle dlgl qu`ie fusdk ok guirti, mkstk qui H`ls ois dledih`ô qui ols firfir`sdls vlov`isie ok ispkohk, i m`d`irle ie iools tke brke gktkezk, qui dks` ols ixtirg`ekrle, s`e qui isdkpksie (dle v`hk) gës qui kquàools k qu`ieis el puh`irle hkr kodkedi. Ols s`r`kdls dkfkobkrle ie ols dkfkools y v`st`irle oks krgks (hi ols vied`hls), h`v`h`àehlsi hispuàs ie vkr`ls histkdkgietls, qui cuirle gktkehl firfir`sdls plr tlhk Ispkûk, mkstk ixt`ebu`r dlgpoitkgieti io cuibl hi ok rifio`ôe. Dledou`hl istl, vlov`irle k Dôrhlfk, y Kfh ko-Gko`a ois h`nl> «Tko`h. —Zrletls istkgls, dletistkrle, s` els ooivks k @cr`q`yk. —El tiebl, h`nl, fkrdls suc`d`ietis pkrk trkesplrtkrls nuetls, plrqui kmlrk plsià`s isdokvls, dkfkools y iqu`pknis1 sko`h pkrk @cr`q`yk ie pioltleis sipkrkhls. —El skohrigls, ripo`dkrle, s`el tlhls riue`hls. —Gkrdmkh k Diutk. —¼Ksç qu`iris ixpleirels, ixdokgkrle, k oks `rks hi ols firfir`sdls hi Xëebir< Gës els vko`irk qui els krrlnkrks k ols kf`sgls hio gkr±. P v`iehl ol qui pritiehçk mkdir dle iools, sufoivërlesi dletrk Kfh ko-Gko`a, oi ixpuoskrle hio kodëzkr, kplsietkrle ie ào k su nici Fkodm, y oi prldokgkrle. Fie [ktke pksô k mkf`tkr su dksk,yqui irk ok ookgkhk Kfu Kyyuf, y sus hls m`nls muyirle, io uel k Gàr`hk, k ^krkblzk io ltrl,hi hlehi pirgkeid`irle kobuels hçks dledirtkehl su poke, s`bu`àehlsi uek brke pirturfkd`ôe ie Ispkûk. Hio  Knfkr Gkdmguk, trkh. Okcuieti Kodëetkrk, ie TËEDMI^KOFLVEL^, D. Ok Ispkûk gusuogkek, Lp.d`t., vlo. @, pp. =9-=0. Dkrtlbrkcçk Dlgl @etrlhudd`ôe, v`h. GLETKOSL KEXÔE, Nlsà Gkrçk.  Ktoks M`stôr`dl hi ok Ispkûk Gih`ivko. Gkhr`h> Tçetis`s, 6:;: (ie (ie ols s`bu `ietis tigk tigkss sirë d`tkhl dlgl  Kt oks ), pp. 68-69. S`h. io gkpk> Ktoks ‟Zls`fois rutks pr`ed`pkois hi ok ietrkhk y ixpkes`ôe `soëg`dk hi ok Zieçesuok @fàr`dk‗, , p. 68.

 

@gëbieis   -  Tlohkhls gusuogkeis ie io gkeusdr`tl hi oks¾Gkqkgkt ko-Mkr`r`, hi ;642, hi ok

Isduiok hi Fkbhkh, ie ok F`fo`ltidk Ekd`leko hi Zkrçs (Dlequ`stk hi ko-Kehkous plr buirrirls ërkfis).

-  Io glrl Guzk ie uek g`e`kturk hio gkeusdr`tl Tigfokezk hi Viyis hi ok F`fo`ltidk

Ekd`leko hi Gkhr`h.

Zioçduoks -  HSH. ‟Ok `evks`ôe `soëg`dk‗, ie Giglr`k hi Ispkûk hi VXSI.