Telugu Vrna mala

`≥Å∞QÆ∞ =~°=‚ ∂Å Telugu Alphabet

Telugu Learning Kit Module 1

C P Brown Academy The Alpha Foundation Hyderabad

Telugu Alphabet Learning Kit Module-1 Transliterator: G Ramesh Babu Managing Editor: GRK Murty Consulting Editor: SS Prabhakar Rao Editorial Support: C Rama Devi, Y Anand T Rajendra Prasad Chief Visualizer: A Bangaru Babu Visualizer: S Ganesh Illustrations: B Anjaneyulu @ 2008 C.P. Brown Academy. All Rights Reserved. Although every care has been taken to avoid errors and omissions, this publication is being sold on the condition and understanding that the information given in this book is merely for reference and must not be taken as having authority of or binding in any way on the authors, editor, publisher or sellers. Neither this book nor any part of it may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, microfilming and recording or by any information storage or retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the copyright holder. Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Only the publishers can export this book from India. Infringement of this condition of sale will lead to civil and criminal prosecution. First Edition: 2008 Printed in India Published by

C P Brown Academy The Alpha Foundation 8, Dwarakapuri Colony, Punjagutta Hyderabad - 500 082, India. Website: www.alphacharities.org Printed at: M/s. ICIT Software Centre Private Ltd. 1, Technocrat Industrial Estate Balanagar Cross Roads Hyderabad-500 037, India.

Foreword -

The Module-1, “Telugu Varnamala”, is intended to help the Telugu . speakers, who cannot read/write Telugu, to pick up a reasonable level of linguistic competence, through Roman script. The symbols used in this book are intended to facilitate the transliteration template of the vowels, consonants, gunintamulu and the vowel-consonant clusters, i.e., vottulu. . The relationship of the Roman character with the Telugu letter and its pronunciation have been clearly explained with examples to aid phonetics. For instance, the symbol ‘a’ stands for the Telugu letter ‘J’ that sounds like ‘o’ as in the word ‘come’. Let us take another example. The symbol ‘c’ stands for the Telugu letter ‘K«’ that sounds like ‘ch’ as in the word ‘church’. The Module-1 is thus quite self-explanatory and is certain to help those who desire to learn Telugu through the medium of English. The workbook provided along with it is scientifically designed for practice to help the learners pickup reading and writing of Telugu, satisfactorily. We know that some of the alphabet and their sounds are difficult to pronounce and quite a few are not in popular use. They do not even matter in the acquisition of linguistic skills. However, we have included all the Telugu letters irrespective of their usage in order to introduce them all to the learners. Enjoy! SS Prabhakar Rao

`≥Å∞QÆ∞ =~°‚=∂Å TELUGU ALPHABET Vowels (JK«∞Å Û ∞: Acculu) *

a–

a

far

u–

wood

.lu

i

J P W D L T |∞∞ |∞∂ Z U S X F B come

u

–

i

.lu–

look

bit

– ru .

ru .

cool

.rusi.

root

e

e–

ai

get

loop

o–

o

feel

rotate

stake

au

oat

am .

mite

out

ah.

JO Jó some

half

* ‘a’ stands for ‘J’ and sounds like ‘o’ as in ‘come’. The same pattern applies to all other vowels.

4

Consonants (ǨÏÅ∞¡Å∞

:

Hallulu)

36 Characters *

k

g

kh

gh

Hõ Y QÆ Ñ¶¨∞ Î Î K« K« Kè« [ ~°≠ & @ ~î° _» _è» `« ^äŒ ^Œ ^èŒ khaki

silk

.c

c

.capa

church

.j

jhansi

th .

take .

t

tabala

nilakantha .

dh .

dh

though

n.

dhoti

} #

prana .

- asadha . .

bird

d

thumb

jug

~ sanjna

d.

th

j

~ n

jh

t.

prajna

.jabili

witch

V [

.

ghost

go

ch

. n

n

nature

* ‘k’ stands for ‘Hõ’ and sounds like ‘k’ as in ‘silk’. The same pattern applies to all other consonants.

5

p

ph

b

bh

m

Ѩ Ѷ¨ | Éèí =∞ Ü«∞ ~° Å à◊ = â◊ +¨ ã¨ Ç¨Ï Hõ∆ é cup

phone

y

bat

r

young

v

bharat

l

l.

rust

s

s.

´sastry

levy

home

sun

ship

r.

ksh

h

-- kalimata .

lump

s´

month

error

raksha

Semi-Vowels or Semi-Consonants

( LÉèÜ í ∂« Hõ~∆ åÅ∞::

–

–

Ubhayaksharalu)

(ã¨∞#fl = O – Sunna) (J~°ã∞¨ #fl = ñ – Arasunna) (qã¨~æ° = ó - Visarga) Note: Five Telugu characters are not in general use.

Í Í They are 6

.lu .lu-

K« [ |∞∂ .c

.j

ru .

JK«∞ÛÅ∞ U q^èOŒ QÍ „"åÜ«∂e? How to write Vowels? –

a

a

come

far –

i

i

bit

feel –

u

u

wood

cool

ru .

.rusi .

– ru .

root 7

e

e

get

stake

ai

o

mite

rotate

o

au

oat

out am .

some ah.

half 8

ǨÏÅ∞¡Å∞ U q^èOŒ QÍ „"åÜ«∂e? How to write Consonants? k

kh

silk

– khaki

g

gh

go

ghost . n

. prajna c

ch

church

witch

j

jh

jug

– jhansi ~ n

~ sanjna 9

t.

th .

take

nilakantha .

d.

dh .

bird

– – asadha . .

–

n.

– prana .

th

t

tabala

thumb

d

dh

though

– dhoti

n

nature 10

p

ph

cup

phone

b

bh

bat bharat m

month y

r

young

rust

l

l.

lump

– – kalimata .

v

s´

levy

´ sastry

–

–

11

s.

ship s

sun h

home ksh

raksha

.r

error 12

Symbols of Gunintamulu . Telugu Letter

Roman Character

J

a

P

– a

W

i

D

Symbol

How to write

– i

L

u

T

u–

|∞∞

ru .

|∞∂

ru

Z

e

U

e–

S

ai

X

o

F

– o

B

au

JO

am .

Jó

ah

–

.

.

13

.

QÆ∞}˜O`«=ÚÅ∞ 'Hõ—

14

(Gunintamulu) .

Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) 'Y— QÆ∞}˜O`«=Ú (kha-Gunintamu) QÆ∞}˜O`«=Ú (ka-Gunintamu) . .

Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter

Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter

H± Hõ Hõ Hõ Hõ Hõ Hõ Hõ Hõ Hõ Hõ Hõ Hõ Hõ Hõ Hõ

Mò Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y

{ { { { { { { { { { { { { { { {

J P W D L T |∞∞ |∞∂ Z U S X F B JO Jó

´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´

Hõ HÍ H˜ H© ‰õΩ ‰õÄ Hõ$ Hõ$Ï ÔH ˆH ÔH· H˘ HÀ H“ HõO Hõó

–

ka

–

– ka

–

ki

–

– ki

–

ku

–

– ku

–

kru .

–

– kru .

–

ke

–

– ke

–

kai

–

ko

–

– ko

–

kau

–

kam .

–

kah.

{ { { { { { { { { { { { { { { {

J P W D L T |∞∞ |∞∂ Z U S X F B JO Jó

´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´

Y MÏ d v Y∞ Y∂

–

kha

–

– kha

–

khi

–

– khi

–

khu

–

– khu

Y$ –

khru .

Y$Ï Mˇ MË Mˇ· MÁ M’ M∫ YO Yó

–

– khru .

–

khe

–

– khe

–

khai

–

kho

–

– kho

–

khau

–

kham .

–

khah.

QÆ∞}˜O`«=ÚÅ∞

'QÆ—

(Gunintamulu) . Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) QÆ∞}˜O`«=Ú (ga-Gunintamu) 'Ѷ∞¨ — QÆ∞}˜O`«=Ú (gha-Gunintamu) . .

Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter

Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter

Q∑ QÆ QÆ QÆ QÆ QÆ QÆ QÆ QÆ QÆ QÆ QÆ QÆ QÆ QÆ QÆ

Ѷπ∞ Ѷ∞¨ Ѷ∞¨ Ѷ∞¨ Ѷ∞¨ Ѷ∞¨ Ѷ∞¨ Ѷ∞¨ Ѷ∞¨ Ѷ∞¨ Ѷ∞¨ Ѷ∞¨ Ѷ∞¨ Ѷ∞¨ Ѷ∞¨ Ѷ∞¨

{ { { { { { { { { { { { { { { {

J P W D L T |∞∞ |∞∂ Z U S X F B JO Jó

´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´

QÆ QÍ y w QÆ∞ QÆ∂ QÆ$ QÆ$Ï ÔQ ˆQ ÔQ· Q˘ QÀ Q“ QÆO QÆó

–

ga

–

– ga

–

gi

–

– gi

–

gu

–

– gu

– –

gru . – gru .

–

ge

–

– ge

–

gai

–

go

–

– go

–

gau

–

gam .

–

gah.

{ { { { { { { { { { { { { { { {

J P W D L T |∞∞ |∞∂ Z U S X F B JO Jó

´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´

Ѷ¨∞ – Ѷ∂¨ – Ѷ∞≤ – Ѷ∞‘ – Ñ¶Ú ¨ – Ѷ¸ ¨ – Ѷ∞¨ $ – Ѷ∞¨ $Ï – ÃѶ∞ – ¿Ñ¶∞ – ÃѶ∞ÿ – Ѷ∞¨ Á – Ѷ∞¨ ’ – Ѷ∞¨ ø – Ѷ∞¨ O – Ѷ∞¨ ó –

gha – gha ghi – ghi ghu – ghu ghru . – ghru . ghe – ghe ghai gho – gho ghau gham . ghah. 15

QÆ∞}˜O`«=ÚÅ∞ 'K«—

16

(Gunintamulu) .

Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) QÆ∞}˜O`«=Ú (ca-Gunintamu) 'Kè—« QÆ∞}˜O`«=Ú (cha-Gunintamu) . .

Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter

Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter

Kü K« K« K« K« K« K« K« K« K« K« K« K« K« K« K«

Kèü Kè« Kè« Kè« Kè« Kè« Kè« Kè« Kè« Kè« Kè« Kè« Kè« Kè« Kè« Kè«

{ { { { { { { { { { { { { { { {

J P W D L T |∞∞ |∞∂ Z U S X F B JO Jó

´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´

K« Kå z p K«∞ K«∂ K«$ K«$Ï K≥ KÕ K≥· K˘ KÀ KÒ K«O K«ó

–

ca

–

– ca

–

ci

–

– ci

–

cu

–

– cu

–

cru .

–

– cru .

–

ce

–

– ce

–

cai

–

co

–

– co

–

cau

–

cam .

–

cah.

{ { { { { { { { { { { { { { { {

J P W D L T |∞∞ |∞∂ Z U S X F B JO Jó

´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´

Kè« Kèå zè pè Kè∞« Kè«∂ Kè$« Kè$« Ï Kè≥ KèÕ Kè·≥ Kè˘ KèÀ KèÒ KèO« Kè«ó

–

cha

–

– cha

–

chi

–

– chi

–

chu

–

– chu

–

chru .

–

– chru .

–

che

–

– che

–

chai

–

cho

–

– cho

–

chau

–

cham .

–

chah.

QÆ∞}˜O`«=ÚÅ∞

(Gunintamulu) .

Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu)

'[— QÆ∞}˜O`«=Ú (ja Gunintamu) .

'~°≠— QÆ∞}˜O`«=Ú (jha Gunintamu) .

Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter

Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter

*ò [ [ [ [ [ [ [ [ [ [ [ [ [ [ [

{ { { { { { { { { { { { { { { {

J P W D L T |∞∞ |∞∂ Z U S X F B JO Jó

´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´

[ *Ï l r A E [$ [$Ï *ˇ *Ë *ˇ· *Á *’ *∫ [O [ó

– –

jru .

–

je

–

– je

–

jai

–

jo

–

– jo

–

jau

–

jam .

~ü≠ { ~°≠ { ~°≠ { ~°≠ { ~°≠ { ~°≠ { ~°≠ { ~°≠ { ~°≠ { ~°≠ { ~°≠ { ~°≠ { ~°≠ { ~°≠ { ~°≠ {

–

jah.

~°≠ { Jó ´ ~°≠ó –

–

ja

–

– ja

–

ji

–

ji

–

ju

–

– ju

–

– jru .

J P W D L T |∞∞ |∞∂ Z U S X F B JO

´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´

~°≠ – ~°≠Ï – i≠ – s≠ – ~°≠∞ – ~°≠∂– ~°≠$ – ~°≠$Ï– Ô~≠ – ˆ~≠ – ~Ô ≠ÿ – ~Ô ≠∞ – ~Ô ≠Ï – ~°≠ø – ~°≠O–

jha – jha jhi – jhi jhu – jhu jhru . – jhru . jhe – jhe jhai jho – jho jhau jham . jhah. 17

QÆ∞}˜O`«=ÚÅ∞

'@—

18

(Gunintamulu) . Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) QÆ∞}˜O`«=Ú (ta-Gunintamu) '~î°— QÆ∞}˜O`«=Ú (tha-Gunintamu) . . . .

Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter

Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter

\ò @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @

~îü ~î° ~î° ~î° ~î° ~î° ~î° ~î° ~î° ~î° ~î° ~î° ~î° ~î° ~î° ~î°

{ { { { { { { { { { { { { { { {

J P W D L T |∞∞ |∞∂ Z U S X F B JO Jó

´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´

@ \Ï \˜ \© @∞ @∂ @$ @$Ï >ˇ >Ë >ˇÿ \Á \’ \∫ @O @ó

– – –

ta . – ta .

–

ti. – ti.

–

.tu

–

– .tu

– –

. .tru – . .tru

–

te .

–

– te .

–

tai .

– –

to . – to .

–

tau .

–

tam . .

–

tah . .

{ { { { { { { { { { { { { { { {

J P W D L T |∞∞ |∞∂ Z U S X F B JO Jó

´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´

~î° ~îå iî sî ~î∞° ~î∂° ~î$° ~î$° Ï ~Ô î ~ˆ î ~Ô ·î ~î˘ ~îÀ ~î“ ~îO° ~î°ó

–

tha .

–

– tha .

– – –

thi . – thi .

–

thu . – thu .

–

thru . .

–

– thru . .

–

the .

–

– the .

–

thai .

–

tho .

–

– tho .

–

thau .

–

tham . .

–

thah . .

QÆ∞}˜O`«=ÚÅ∞

'_»—

(Gunintamulu) . Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) QÆ∞}˜O`«=Ú (da-Gunintamu) '_è»— QÆ∞}˜O`«=Ú (dha-Gunintamu) . . .

.

Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter

Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter

_£ _» _» _» _» _» _» _» _» _» _» _» _» _» _» _»

_è£ _è» _è» _è» _è» _è» _è» _è» _è» _è» _è» _è» _è» _è» _è» _è»

{ { { { { { { { { { { { { { { {

J P W D L T |∞∞ |∞∂ Z U S X F B JO Jó

´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´

_» _® _ç _ô _»∞ _»∂ _»$ _»$Ï _≥ˇ _Õ _≥ÿ _˘ _À _Ò _»O _»ó

– – –

da . – da .

–

di . – di .

–

du .

–

– du .

–

dru ..

–

– dru ..

–

de .

–

– de .

–

dai .

–

do .

–

– do .

–

dau .

–

dam . .

–

dah . .

{ { { { { { { { { { { { { { { {

J P W D L T |∞∞ |∞∂ Z U S X F B JO Jó

´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´

_è» _è® _èç _èô _è∞» _è∂» _è$» _è$» Ï _è≥ _èÕ _è·≥ _è˘ _èÀ _èÒ _èO» _è»ó

– – – – –

dha . – dha . dhi . – dhi .

–

dhu . – dhu .

–

dhru . .

–

– dhru . .

–

dhe .

–

– dhe .

–

dhai .

–

dho .

–

– dho .

–

dhau .

–

dham . .

–

dhah . . 19

QÆ∞}˜O`«=ÚÅ∞

'}—

(Gunintamulu) . Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) QÆ∞}˜O`«=Ú (na-Gunintamu) '`«— QÆ∞}˜O`«=Ú (ta-Gunintamu) . . .

Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter

}ü } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } 20

{ { { { { { { { { { { { { { { {

J P W D L T |∞∞ |∞∂ Z U S X F B JO Jó

´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´

} – }Ï – }˜ – }© – }∞ – }∂ – }$ – }$Ï – }ˇ – }Ë – }ˇÿ – }˘ – }À – }∫ – }O – }ó –

na . – na . ni . – ni . nu . – nu . nru .. – nru .. ne . – ne . nai . no . – no . nau . nam . . nah . .

Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter

`ü `« `« `« `« `« `« `« `« `« `« `« `« `« `« `«

{ { { { { { { { { { { { { { { {

J ´ P ´ W ´ D ´ L ´ T ´ |∞∞ ´ |∞∂ ´ Z ´ U ´ S ´ X ´ F ´ B ´ JO ´ Jó ´

`« `å u f `«∞ `«∂ `«$ `«$Ï `≥ `Õ `≥· `˘ `À `Ò `«O `«ó

–

ta

–

– ta

–

ti

–

– ti

–

tu

–

– tu

–

tru .

–

– tru .

–

te

–

– te

–

tai

–

to

–

– to

–

tau

–

tam .

–

tah.

QÆ∞}˜O`«=ÚÅ∞ '^䌗

(Gunintamulu) .

Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) QÆ∞}˜O`«=Ú (tha-Gunintamu) '^Œ— QÆ∞}˜O`«=Ú (da-Gunintamu) . .

Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter

Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter

^ä£ ^äŒ ^äŒ ^äŒ ^äŒ ^äŒ ^äŒ ^äŒ ^äŒ ^äŒ ^äŒ ^äŒ ^äŒ ^äŒ ^äŒ ^äŒ

^£ ^Œ ^Œ ^Œ ^Œ ^Œ ^Œ ^Œ ^Œ ^Œ ^Œ ^Œ ^Œ ^Œ ^Œ ^Œ

{ { { { { { { { { { { { { { { {

J P W D L T |∞∞ |∞∂ Z U S X F B JO Jó

´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´

^äŒ ^ä• kä nä ^ä∞Œ ^ä∂Œ ^ä$Œ ^ä$Œ Ï ^ä≥ ^äËÕ ^ä·≥ ^ä˘ ^äÀ ^äÒ ^äOŒ ^äŒó

–

tha

–

– tha

–

thi

–

– thi

–

thu

–

– thu

– –

thru .

–

the

–

– the

–

thai

–

tho

–

– tho

–

thau

–

tham .

–

thah.

– thru .

{ { { { { { { { { { { { { { {

J P W D L T |∞∞ |∞∂ Z U S X F B JO

´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´

^Œ ^• k n ^Œ∞ ^Œ∂ ^Œ$ ^Œ$Ï ^≥ ^Õ ^≥· ^˘ ^À ^Ò ^ŒO

–

da

–

– da

–

di

–

– di

–

du

–

– du

–

dru .

–

– dru .

–

de

–

– de

–

dai

–

do

–

– do

–

dau

–

dam .

{ Jó ´ ^Œó –

dah. 21

QÆ∞}˜O`«=ÚÅ∞ '^茗

22

(Gunintamulu) .

Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) QÆ∞}˜O`«=Ú (dha-Gunintamu) '#— QÆ∞}˜O`«=Ú (na-Gunintamu) . .

Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter

Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter

^è£ ^èŒ ^èŒ ^èŒ ^èŒ ^èŒ ^èŒ ^èŒ ^èŒ ^èŒ ^èŒ ^èŒ ^èŒ ^èŒ ^èŒ ^èŒ