TELEPROTEÇÃO 2
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ESCOLA FEDERAL DE ENGENHARIA DE ITAJUBÁ
MONOGRAFIA DO CURSO DE ESPECILAIZAÇÃO EM PROTEÇÃO DE SISTEMAS ELÉTRICOS
DEFINIÇÕES SOBRE ESQUEMAS DE
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2
Monografia apresentada à Escola Federal de Engenharia de Itajubá – EFEI para obtenção do Título de Especialista em Engenharia de Sistema de Proteção
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SUMÁRIO LISTA DE TABELAS .............................................. ..................................................................... .............................................. .......................... ... 5 LISTA DE FIGURAS ........................................... ................................................................... ............................................... ............................. ...... 6 LISTA DE ABREVIATURAS E SIGLAS......................................................... SIGLAS............................................................... ...... 7 RESUMO ............................................ ................................................................... .............................................. .............................................. .......................... ... 8
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4
4.5 – ESQUEMA
DE
TRANSFERÊNCIA
DE
DISPARO
POR
SOBREALCANCE
PERMISSIVO (POTT)........................................ (POTT)............................................................... .............................................. ............................... ........ 31 4.6 – ESQUEMA DE COMPARAÇÃO TIPO DESBLOQUEIO ("UNBLOCKING")... ") ...... ...... ...33 33 4.7 – ESQUEMA DE PROLONGAMENTO DE ZONA ............................................... ................................................... .... 35 4.8 – CIRCUITO DE BLOQUEIO POR TRANSIENTE .............................................. .................................................. .... 36 4.9 – PROTEÇÃO DE FRACA ALIMENTAÇÃO (WEAK-INFEED).......................... (WEAK-INFEED).......................... 37
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5
LISTA DE TABELAS
Tabela 1: Capacitância dos Capacitores de Acoplamento - Valores Típicos Tabela 2: Recomendações do esquema para os diversos comprimentos de LT´s
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6
LISTA DE FIGURAS
Figura 1: Seletividade com Teleproteção ............................................. ................................................................. .................... 12 Figura 2: Equipamentos para Acoplamento do Sinal à LT....................................... LT....................................... 16 Figura 3: Esquema Esquema de Comparação Direcional Tipo Bloqueio Bloqueio ................................ ................................ 20 Figura 4: Alcance dos Relés de Partida e Disparo..................... Disparo ............................................ ............................... ........ 22 Figura 5: Circuito de Disparo ............................................ ................................................................... ....................................... ................ 22 Figura 6: Circuito de Partida e Parada do Transmissor. ........................................... ........................................... 22 Figura 7: Relés de Distância no Diagrama R-X....................................
23
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7
LISTA DE ABREVIATURAS E SIGLAS A
Ampére: Unidade de corrente elétrica
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8
RESUMO
O presente trabalho tem por objetivo fazer uma abordagem geral sobre algumas filosofias dos esquemas de teleproteção que normalmente são empregados por
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Hoje, na moderna era do relé microprocessado, essas técnicas de comunicação tradicionais são ainda amplamente utilizadas : - o equipamento de comunicação permanece separado e distinto do relé de proteção,
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1.
INTRODUÇÃO Muito se fala e se publica a respeito da palavra “seletividade”, quando de
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•
Confiabilidade - é a medida do grau de certeza com que o relé ou sistema de relés desempenha corretamente sua função. Pode-se, dividir a confiabilidade em duas partes:
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32
Neste esquema, os relés Ro exercem duas funções: a. Chaveiam o transmissor, para iniciar o envio do sinal de transferência de disparo para o terminal remoto. b. Funcionam como elementos permissivos, uma vez que supervisionam a saída do receptor de maneira que, após a recepção de um sinal de disparo somente ocorrerá a abertura do disjuntor se tiver sido sensibilizado o relé Ro correspondente. Quando ocorre um defeito em qualquer ponto da linha, os relés Ro dos dois extremos operam e chaveiam o respectivo transmissor, o qual cessa de
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33
Como desvantagem deste sistema podemos citar: •
•
O disparo é sempre dependente da recepção do sinal do terminal remoto, consequentemente completamente dependente do canal de comunicação, caso a falta esteja localizada dentro da linha de transmissão; Se um terminal estiver ligado a uma fonte fraca, o esquema não irá operar em nenhum dos terminais.
Como vantagem deste esquema podemos citar: •
Muito seguro, devido não provocar atuação indevida para faltas
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35
4.7
Esquema de Prolongamento de Zona Basicamente este esquema requer relés com a função de subalcance (RU), conforme mostrado na Figura 15. Este alcance é extendido quando for recebido sinal do terminal remoto, através do sistema de teleproteção. O alcance do subalcance dos relés de ambos os terminai,s deverão ser ajustados de forma que haja um entrelaçamento comum, de forma a possibilitar que para qualquer defeito em qualquer ponto da linha de transmissão, pelo menos um dos relés detecta a falta, comandando abertura do disjuntor e enviando um sinal para o terminal remoto. Na extremidade remota o sinal recebido é utilizado pelo relé de distância para uma das seguintes alternativas:
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36
4.8
Circuito de Bloqueio por Transientes Este esquema provê segurança adicional contra operações falsas do esquema de comparação direcional por desbloqueio, que possam ser causadas por transitentes durante a eliminação de faltas externas, ou em conseqüência da reversão do fluxo de potência durante a abertura de faltas em linhas paralelas.
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37
Considerando a Figura 16, teríamos as seguintes condições, no terminal A: a. Para faltas em Fl, haverá recepção do sinal de desbloqueio, sem operação da unidade de partida local. Esta condição não é aplicável a terminais
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38
terminal fraco estiverem abertos, o sinal de desbloqueio será enviado de volta(sinal de Eco) ao terminal forte, sem nenhum tempo de espera. Se estes disjuntores estiverem fechados, o disparo será iniciado pela saída do circuito de fraca alimentação, após ser supervisionado por relés de
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39
conta, que os esquemas de proteções mais complexos, somente são justificáveis de serem aplicados onde seja constatado, que os mais simples não atendem aos critérios de procedimentos de rede, estabelecidos pelo ONS.
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40
O objetivo principal deste trabalho, teve por finalidade, além de fazer um abordagem geral sobre os diversos tipos de esquemas de teleproteção e todos os aspectos técnicos envolvidos, efetuar uma padronização destes esquemas, de forma que os mesmos possam ser utilizados pela Eletronorte em seus
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LISTA DE REFERÊNCIAS
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