Tecnologia 3

September 6, 2022 | Author: Anonymous | Category: N/A

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[FK^FTH^ÁH DF FDVKHKCÛ@ DC^FKKCÛ@ DF FDVKHKCÛ@ [FKV@DH^CH

Tfrkfr irhde

Tfkèmeiáh Hprf`dczhofs gu`dhaf`thmfs

KEMFKKCÛ@ DF KVHDF^@CMME[ RH^H MH ^FKVRF^HKCÛ@ DF HR^F@DC_HOF[ DV^H@TF DV^H@TF S RE[T-RH@DFACH RE[T-RH@DFACH

Hutercdhdfs Fsththmfs

Ohcaf Ne`cmmh Whmdfz

Ienfr`hder dfm Fsthde df Nhoh Khmcger`ch Khthmcè _hvhmh Aèrqufz [fkrfthrce df Fdukhkcû`

Zekjctm Hraf`th Aèrqufz F`khrihdh df Dfsphkje df mh [unsfkrfthrch df Fdukhkcû` Nèsckh

y df mh Keerdc`hkcû` If`frhm df Fdukhkcû` Nèsckh êsh Icsfmh Tevhr Fspc` Fspcèzh ezh F`khrihdh df Dfsphkje df mh Dcrfkkcû` df Fdukhkcû` [fku`dhrch Ahrcfm Tevhr Emcvhrfs

Ofgh Ofg h dfm Dfphrt Dfphrthaf haf`te `te df Dfshrre Dfshrremme mme Hkh Hkhdãa dãacke cke

Jãkter Hdemge Khaph Whmdfz Ofgf Ofg f dfm Dfphrth Dfphrthaf` af`te te df Ifstcû Ifstcû` ` C`stct C`stctukce ukce`hm `hm

Keerdc`hderh

Ahráh dfm Khraf` Ae`rey Mhrh

Kemhnerhderfs

Hiucmhr Ihxcemh Ahráh df mh Rhz

[è`kjfz Mehczh Mucs Hmnfrte

H`tû` Hkfne Kãshr Mucs

[h`tes ^fnemmhr Ihnrcfmh

Khnrhmfs Thmhvfrh Ahráh êsh Iutcãrrfz Mfû` Khthmc`h

Terrfs Rhrhde Hmh`

Vráhs Gmerfs Zûkjctm Merf`h

Aerè` F`kcse Hmah Dfmch

Wcmmhrrfhm Hvátch Th`ch

Ofghturhs df @cvfm

^haû` ^haárfz Irh`hdes Ofgf df @cvfm [fku`dhrch df Afxckhmc

Icnrh` Dáhz df Mfû` Emcvhs Ofgf df @cvfm [fku`dhrch df Tcouh`h

Icmnfrte Nuihrá` Nu ihrá` Af Afrkhde rkhde Ofgf df @cvfm [fku`dhrch df F`sf`hdh

Sfssck Sf ssck h Df Df`cs `cs [è [è`kj `kjfz fz Khstcmme Khstcmme Ofgh df @cvfm [fku`dhrch df Rmhyhs Df êshrcte

Fmhdce ûcz Jfrfdch Ofgf df @cvfm [fku`dhrch df Tfkhtf

Ouh`h Fmczhnft ^haárfz ^haárfz Ae`tfscès Ae`tfsc` es Ofgh df @cvfm [fku`dhrch df [h` Xuc`tá`

Fqucpe Fst hthm dfm [frvc [frvc kce s df Hsfseráh y Hkeap høhacf`te h mhs Fskufmhs ([HHF)

Ofsÿs Hahde Rftrclewslc Trc`cdhd

Ghnce Gh ncemh mh Furcd Furcd ckf ^c`kû` ^fy

[upfrvcser [fku`dhrch If`frhm Gfdfrhm

[undcrfkterh [fku`dhrch If`frhm Fsththm

Tca`ch Hncshc Kerpus Ae`teyh C`spfkterh Tfmfsfku`dhrch Fsththm

Lhrem Fdctj Gmftfs Rãrfz Ofgh df F`sføh`zh df Ahtfaètckhs. [fku`dhrchs If`frhmfs Gfdfrhm

^ckhrde Rã Rãrfz rfz Erezke

Ahráh Ah ráh Cshnfm Cshnfm Irc Ircghmde ghmde Iufrrfre [undcrfkterh [fku`dhrch Tãk`ckh Gfdfrhm

Ohrfd [hrhc [hrhc Aerfè Kere`h [undcrfkterh [fku`dhrch Tãk`ckh Gfdfrhm

Hmck Hm ck ch N Nhut hut cs th Rãr Rãrfz fz HTR [fku`dhrch If`frhm Fsththm

Ihnrcfmh Ie`zèmfz Afzh

Ofgf df F`sføh`zh df Tfkèmeiáh. [fku`dhrchs If`frhmfs Gfdfrhm

HTR [fku`dhrch If`frhm Fsththm

Icnrè` Dáhz Dáhz df Mfû` Emcvhs

HTR [fku`dhrch If`frhm Fsththm

Dcrfkter [fku`dhrch Tãk`ckh Gfdfrhm

Ahráh Ah ráh df mes Èì fmfs Èvcmh Esu`h

Hmnh Hm nh Kht hmc` hmc ` h [er [erch` chè e Iu Iufvhr fvhrh h

HTR [fku`dhrch Tãk`ckh Au`ckcphm

Dcrfkterh [fku`dhrch If`frhm Fsththm

Cmch`h Tjhmch Rãrfz Ih`d Ih`dchih chih

H`h H` h Nfr Nfrf`h f`h N Nhrho hrhohs hs Iuza è` Dcrfkterh [fku`dhrch If`frhm Fsththm

Fmcsfe Iedá`fz Mfû`

Dekf`tf df Fdukhkcû` Fspfkchm

_hyd _h yd Wczkhrrh Kûrd Kûrdevh evh [upfrvcser df Fdukhkcû` Fspfkchm Afxckhmc, Nhoh Khmcger`ch. Ou`ce df >2>8 >2>8

Rrfsf`thkcû`

Kemfkkcû` df kuhdfr`cmmes df trhnhoe phrh mh rfkupfrhkcû` df hprf`dczhofs fsf`kchmfs fsf`kch mfs durh`tf y pest ph`dfach

Mh [fkrfthráh df Fdukhkcû`, h trhvãs df mh [unsfkrfthráh df Fdukhkcû` Nèsckh f` keerdc`hkcû` ke` mh Dcrfkkcû` df Fdukhkcû` [fku`dhrch, prfsf`th fsth kemfkkcû` quf surif df mhs rfdfs y keau`cdhdfs df hprf`dczhof quf fm fqucpe df hkhdãackes hkhdãac kes df mes [frvckces df Hsfseráh y Hkeaphøhacf`te h mhs Fskufmhs ([HHF) df Fdukhkcû` Nèsckh f` fm `cvfm jh ke`gerahde. H`tf mh ke`tcìf`kch ke`tcìf`kch au`dchm quf prfvhmfkf prfvhmfkf per fm [H^[ Kev->, mh @ufvh Fskufmh Afxckh`h y sus prc`kcpces df fqucdhd y fxkfmf`kch phrh mh afoerh ke`tcùh df mh fdukhkcû`, se` fm gu`dhaf`te df khdh enoftcve trhzhde, keae fm dfm prfsf`tf preyfkte, de`df sf kemekh hm kf`tre df mh hkkcû` pÿnmckh fm aèxcae meire df hprf`dczhof df mhs `cøhs, `cøes, hdemfskf`tfs y oûvf`fs. Kfrkh df des kf`tf`hrfs df ahfstres grf`tf h irupe, dcrfktcves, supfrvcserfs f c`spfkterfs dfm `cvfm df [fku`dhrch gufre` ke`vekhdes per Dfmfihdes y Ofgfs df @cvfm phrh fsth mhner. Dcrcicdes per mes Ofgfs df F`sføh`zh, fspfkchmcsths df khdh u`h df mhs hsci`hturhs df mes sfcs au`ckcpces, h phrtcr df mh kemhnerhkcû`, mh keepfrhkcû`, fm c`tfrkhance df shnfrfs, fxpfrcf`kchs y df ifstcû` df c`gerahkcû` hkhdãackh, prepckchre` u` h`èmcscs quf dfrcvû f` mh sfmfkkcû` df hqufmmes hprf`dczhofs fspfrhdes quf sf ke`scdfrhre` fsf`kchmfs phrh mh rfkupfrhkcû` y `cvfmhkcû` df hprf`dczhofs df mes fstudch`tfs fstu dch`tfs durh`tf y pest ph`dfach, acsa acsaes es quf gufre` mh nhsf phrh mes kuhdfr`cmmes df trhnhoe. Rer th`te, mes prfsf`tfs ahtfrchmfs dcicthmfs rfgrf`dh` fm keapreacse df hkeaphøhacf`te h mhs fskufmhs phrh mh afoerh df mhs prèktckhs fdukhtcvhs, prcerczh`de fm c`tfrãs supfrcer df `cøhs, `cøes y hdemfskf`tfs, rfkeèkcf`de fm phpfm df mhs ahfstrhs y ahfstres f` su ke`trcnukcû` h mh trh`sgerahkcû` sekchm.

Ahfstre Khthmcè _hvhmh Aèrqufz

[fkrfthrce df Fdukhkcû` df Nhoh Khmcger`ch.

HR^FKCH DH KEAV@CDHD KEAV@CDH D F[KEMH ^?

Mh [unsfkrfthráh df Fdukhkcû` Nèsckh, h`tf fm ke`gc`hacf`te per fm Kevcd-83, mmfvh h sus jeihrfs mh Kemfkkcû` df Kuhdfr`cmmes df Trhnhoe phrh mh ^fkupfrhkcû` df Hprf`dczhofs Fsf`kchmfs Durh`tf y Rest Rh`dfach df mhs hsci`hturhs df Fdukhkcû`

[fku`dhrch. @ufstres fstudch`tfs, h trhvãs df fstes kuhdfr`cmmes df trhnhoe, tcf`f` mh epertu`cdhd df rfhmczhr hktcvcdhdfs df rftrehmcaf`thkcû` afdch`tf fstrhtfichs df nÿsqufdh df c`gerahkcû` y mhs sctuhkce`fs quf sf prfsf`th`, phrh mmfihr hm hprf`dczhof fspfrhde quf sf jh ke`scdfrhde fsf`kchm f` mh hprepchkcû` df ùfves keèkcacf`tes, scfaprf htf`dcf`de mh gerahkcû` f` fm dfshrremme c`dcvcduhm, predukkcû` df keèkcacf`tes, dfshrremme df jhncmcdhdfs, vhmerfs y hktctudfs. Mhs

hktcvcdhdfs

c`kmucdhs

se`

c`tfrfsh`tfs,

dcvfrtcdhs,

scf`de

pescnmf

dfshrremmhrmhs df ah`frh c`dcvcduhm, ke` fm hpeye df mh ghacmch y mes mcnres df tfxte irhtuctes. Hscacsae, mes hprf`dczhofs fspfrhdes sfmfkkce`hdes phrh fsth kemfkkcû` sf f`kuf`trh` fspfkcgckhdes f` khdh hktcvcdhd df mhs kc`ke sfkkce`fs dcsføhdhs phrh mhs y mes fstudch`tfs?

Fapfkfaes, pufs, u`h ùfvh fxpfrcf`kch df hprf`dczhof ou`tes, quf fstes kuhdfr`cmmes sfh` u` aede aès df sfiucr hkeaphøè`deès f` mh fdukhkcû` h dcsth`kch, ke`gch`de quf pre`te fxcsth` mhs ke`dckce`fs `fkfshrchs phrh trh`scthr hm rfirfse sfiure h kmhsfs prfsf`kchmfs, aeaf`te quf sus ahfstrhs y ahfstres h`jfmhaes. Zekjctm Hraf`th Aèrqufz

[unsfkrfthrch df Fdukhkcû` Nèsckh

Á@DCKF DF KE@TF@CDE Hprf` Hp rf` d czho czhofs fs fspfr fs pfrhde hde s

Rèi Rèic` c`h h

8. Cdf`tcgckh mhs khrhktfrástckhs df u` prekfse df c`èvhkcû` h me mhrie df mh jcsterch keae phrtf dfm khance tãk`cke.

;

>. ^fkepcmh y erih`czh c`gerahkcû` df dcgfrf`tfs guf`tfs phrh fm dfshrremme df prekfses df c`èvhkcû`.

3

;. Cdf`tcgckh mhs tãk`ckhs quf ke`gerah` dcgfrf`tfs khapes tfkèmûickess y mhs fapmfh phrh dfshrremmhr prekfses df c`èvhkcû`. tfkèmûicke

86

4. Rrepe`f afoerhs h prekfses y preduktes f c`kerperh mes keèkcacf`tes trhdckce`hmfs df dcgfrf`tfs kumturhs. - Rmh`tfh hmtfr`htcvhs

>8

6. Dcstcìuf mhs tf`df`kchs f` mes dfshrremmes tãk`ckes df c`èvhkcû` y mhs rfpredukf phrh semukce`hr prenmfahs tãk`ckes.

>7

7. Hpmckh mhs èrahs hancf`thmfs f` sus prepufsths df c`èvhkcû`, ke` fm gc` df fvcthr fgfktes `fihtcves f` mh sekcfdhd y f` mh `hturhmfzh.

;3

9. Cdf`tcgckh mhs khrhktfrástckhs y mes keape`f`tfs df mes scstfahs tfkèmûickes.

4>

:. Fvhmÿh scstfahs tfkèmûickes, teah`de f` kuf`th mes ghkterfs tãk`ckes, fke`ûackes, kumturhmfs, sekchmfs y `hturhmfs.

47

^fgfrf`kchs

66

>

[ctuhkcû [ctuhkcû` ` df Hprf`dczh Hpr f`dczhof of 8 Hp rf` d czho Hprf` czhof f Cdf`tcgckh mhs khrhktfrástckhs df u` prekfse df c`èvhkcû` h me fspfrhde? mhrie df mh jcsterch keae phrtf dfm khance tãk`cke.

C`èvhkce`fs tãk`ckhs h me mhrie df mh jcsterc h

Fm dfshrremme df mh sekcfdhd juah`h fstè mcihde h mes preduktes tfkèmûickes quf jh krfhde dfsdf su hphrckcû`. Df mhs jfrrhacf`ths df pcfdrh dfm pfrcede Rhmfemátcke (jhkf hprexcahdhaf`tf >.6 acmme`fs df høes) h mh keaputhderh pfrse`hm dfm scime ZZC, mes preduktes tfkèmûickes jh` fvemukce`hde df ah`frh rhdckhm phrh shtcsghkfr mhs aès fxcif`tfs `fkfscdhdfs df mh sekcfdhd juah`h.

;

Rer fofapme, fm jeanrf df mh Rrfjcsterch thmmû mh pcfdrh y fm jufse df mes h`cahmfs phrh krfhr utf`scmces quf mf pfractcfrh` sunscstcr< ke`geraf fvemukce`û, thancã` me jckcfre` mhs tãk`ckhs y sus jfrrhacf`ths. F` mh hirckumturh, fm dfskunrcacf`te dfm afthm mf pfractcû ke`strucr ùfves c`struaf`tes phrh ghkcmcthr su trhnhoe< aès thrdf, krfû scstfahs df crrcihkcû` phrh sfanrhr sc` dfpf`dfr dfm kmcah. Rhrh fmhnerhr hmcaf`tes dcsføû utf`scmces y phrh ke`strucr sus vcvcf`dhs prenû ùfves ahtfrchmfs quf me mmfvhre` df mhs kjezhs df phmah h mes irh`dfs fdcgckces c`tfmcif`tfs quf keèkfaes jey f` dáh. F` rfsuaf`, h me mhrie df mh jcsterch jh rfhmczhde c`èvhkce`fs hm teahr keae nhsf fm ahtfrchm h su hmkh`kf, sus keèkcacf`tes tãk`ckes y `fkfscdhdfs. Egcaètckh ; Fdckce`fs Fkh pèi. 8> C`èvhkcû` tãk`ckh y keau`ckhkcû`

µTf jhs prfiu`thde quã sci`cgckh fm tãracè c`èvhr5 µXuã c`èvhkce`fs cdf`tcgckhs f` tu vcdh ketcdch`h5 Mes khances tãk`ckes gerah` phrtf df u` prekfse f` fm quf sf hprevfkjh` trh`sgerahkce`fs trh`sgerahkce`fs h`tfrcerfs. Rhrh rfhmczhr fstf prekfse fs gu`dhaf`th gu`dhaf`thmm ke`thr ke` keèkcacf`tes f c`gerahkcû` c`gerahkcû`,, hdfaès df dfshrremm dfshrremmhr hr mes afdces hdfkuhdess phrh mh keau`ckhkcû` df fstes khances. hdfkuhde @u`kh keae hjerh mh juah`cdhd jhnáh tf`cde mh khphkcdhd df ke`thr ke` hkkfse h u`h irh` kh`tcdhd df c`gerahkcû` y keèkcacf`tes. Mh c`èvhkcû` keae prekfse

Dfsdf fm pu`te df vcsth tãk`cke, c`èvhr fs mh hkkcû` df c`tredukcr èvfdhdfs f` u`h hktcvcdhd. Mh c`èvhkcû` fs u` prekfse ercf`thde h jhkfr aès fgckcf`tf u` sfrvckce, fm dcsføe y mh ahùghkturh df jfrrhacf`ths e aèquc`hs f` mes quf mh c`gerahkcû` y mes keèkcacf`tes se` gu`dhaf`thmfs phrh capumshr fm khance tãk`cke. C`èvhkcû`. Krfhkcû` e afoerh df u` predukte e prekfse quf nf`fgckch h mh

juah`cdhd y fs hkfpthde per mh sekcfdhd. Khance tãk`cke. Aedcgckhkcû` f` mhs hktcvcdhdfs hktuhmfs phrh dhr semukcû`

4

h ùfvhs `fkfscdhdfs `fkfscdhdfs,, nuskh`de keae gc` keaÿ` fm preirfse ahtfrchm. Egcaètckh ; [h`tcmmh`h pèi. 87-89. Nhshde f` mes des ke`kfptes h`tfrcerfs dfskrcnf nrfvfaf`tf mh rfmhkcû` quf fxcstf f`trf khance tãk`cke f c`èvhkcû`.

H me mhrie df mh jcsterch mhs c`èvhkce`fs tãk`ckhs sf jh` hpmckhde phrh dfshrremmhrr ùfves preduktes e afoerhr mes quf yh fxcstf`, hsá keae thancã` dfshrremmh afoerhr mes sfrvckces afdch`tf mh c`kerperhkcû` df mes hvh`kfs tfkèmûickes hpmckhdes h mes prekfses fxcstf`tfs. Mhs afoerhs pufdf` ke`scstcr f` høhdcr ùfvhs kuhmcdhdfs gu`kce`hmfs hm predukte e sfrvckce phrh jhkfrme aès ÿtcm, e f` rfdukcr kestes f` fm prekfse df predukkcû`. Ke` fm tcfape, mhs sekcfdhdfs sf jh` vufmte aès keapmfohs, me quf jh prevekhde quf suroh` ùfvhs `fkfscdhdfs quf rfqucfrf` df tãk`ckhs c`èvhderhs phrh semukce`hrmhs. semukce`hrmhs . H su vfz, fsths tãk`ck tãk`ckhs hs trhf` ke`scie etrhs `fkfscdhdfs quf tf`drè` quf sfr rfsufmths per mhs ùfvhs if`frhkce`fs. Dfphrthaf`te df [fku`dhrchs If`frhmfs Tfkèmeiáh ;fr. Irhde H`fxe Mfkturhs pèi. 4

Oej` G. Actkjfmm, vckfprfscdf`tf df Aeteremh, aestrhnh aestrhnh fm predukte aès ùfve df mh 6

keaphøáh? fm Dy`hTHK. Fm prcafr tfmãgeè c`hmèanrcke dfm au`de sf prfsf`tû fm ; df hnrcm df 839;, pfre è mmfiû hm afrkhde jhsth 82 høes dfspuãs. [fráh keèkcde keae ”fm mhdrcmme‑. Krfdct...Nfttah``/Iftt Krfdct...Nft tah``/Ifttyy Cahifs Tjf @fw Serl Tcafs Rer Ofgg Icmfs ; df hieste df >283 Ke`tfsth me quf h ke`tcùhkcû` sf tf semckcth?

Fskrcnf mhs khrhktfrástckhs dfm kfmumhr aès aedfrè quf jhyhs vcste.

U

U

U

U

U

U

7

Mh c`èvhkcû` sf c`ckch ke` mh nÿsqufdh df afoerhs f` mhs quf sf keanc`h` keèkcacf`tes y tãk`ckhs.. Mh c`èvhkcû` sf ùtrf df keèkca tãk`ckhs keèkcacf`tes cf`tes phrh prfsf`thr ùfves preduktes, preduktes , prekfses e sfrvckces. Ensfrvh h tu hmrfdfder y sfiurhaf`tf vfrès quf jhy enoftes quf jey se` df use keaÿ` y quf kuh`de frhs pfquføe è fxcstáh` e frh` aès scapmfs. Dfphrthaf`te df [fku`dhrchs If`frhmfs Tfkèmeiáhs ;fr. Irhde H`fxe Mfkturhs pèi. 4 Keapmfth fm sciucf`tf kuhdre. C`vf`te

Fskrcnf sus c`èv hkce`fs

Keaputhderh

Kfmumhr

Wcdfeoufie

Caprfserh Khsc kuhmqucfr hrtfghkte, jfrrhacf`th e aèquc`h f` quf sf pufdf pf`shr tcf`f u`h

jcsterch df sukfscves khances khances tãk`ckes e c`èvhkce`f c`èvhkce`fss quf me jh` mmfvhde hm fsthde hktuhm. Dfphrthaf`te df [fku`dhrchs If`frhmfs Tfkèmeiáhs ;fr. Irhde H`fxe

9

Mfkturhs pèi. ; Df mhs sciucf`tfs sciucf`tfs caèif`fs fskrcnf sc fs c`vf`te e c`èvhkcû`.

:

[ctuhkcû` [ctuhkcû ` df Hprf`dczh Hpr f`dczhof of > Hp rf`d Hprf `d czho czhof f ^fkepcmhr ^fkepcmhr y erih`czh erih`czhrr c`gerahkcû` df dcgfrf dcgfrf`tfs `tfs guf`tfs fspfrhde? phrh f fmm dfshrremme df prekfses df c`` evhkcû`. Khrhktfrástckhs y guf`tfs df mh c`èvhkcû` tãk`ckh? ke`tfxtes df use y df rfpredukkcû`. Mhs c`èvhkce`fs tãk`ckhs f` mhs erih`czhkce`fs

Mhs c`èvhkce`fs tfkèmûickhs se` pescnmfs irhkchs h quf mes kcf`tágckes if`frh` c`gerahkcû` kmhrh, prfkcsh y keaprenhnmf per afdce df mh fxpfrcaf`thkcû`. Khdh c`èvhkcû` tãk`ckh scf`th sus nhsfs f` dfskunrcacf`tes h`tfrcerfs. Rer fofapme, mh prcafrh keaputhderh krfhdh per Kjhrmfs Nhnnhif f` 8:;9 `hkcû dfncde h quf fmhnerhr mhs thnmhs ahtfaètckhs frh u` prekfse tfdcese y prepf`se h frrerfs< frh df jfkje u`h khmkumhderh afkè`ckh df irh` thahøe quf nhshnh su gu`kce`hacf`te f` rfimhs ahtfaètckhs fsth`dhrczhdhs y keaprenhdhs. Mh c`kerperhkcû` df mhs khmkumhderhs fmfktrû`ckhs hm trhnhoe df egckc`h, h afdchdes df mh dãkhdh df mes sfsf`ths, hyude h fvcthr mes frrerfs ke`thnmfs quf suriáh` per rfhmczhr df ah`frh ahùhm mhs epfrhkce`fs hrctaãtckhs. hrctaãtckhs. Egcaètckh ; Fdckce`fs Fkh pèic`h >6

Mh hkfpthkcû` sekchm, u` fmfaf`te gu`dhaf`thm phrh ke`semcdhr mes prekfses df c`èvhkcû`

Kuh`de sf c`èvh u`h tãk`ckh dfnf dcgu`dcrsf h mh sekcfdhd< df me ke`trhrce è fxcstcráh u` nf`fgckce sekchm, yh quf sf qufdhráh f` ahès df uès kuh`tes. Kuh`de mhs c`èvhkce`fs se` dcvumihdhs, sukfdf su prekfse df prufnh aès caperth`tf, mh hkfpthkcû`. Egcaètckh ; Fdckce`fs Fkh pèic`h >7

3

Fm ke`tfxte sekchm? hnhrkh tedes mes ghkterfs kumturhmfs, fke`ûackes, jcstûrckes,

quf c`gmuyf` f` mh vcdh df u`h pfrse`h, mh c`èvhkcû` tãk`ckh dfpf`dfrè dfm ke`tfxte sekchm quf mh dfah`df< dfah`df< hsá sf c`èvhrè df hkufrde ke` me qu quf f mh sekcfdhd dfah`dh.

Mes scstfahs df keau`ckhkcû`? fs fm mfìuhof quf sf utcmczh phrh fstrukturhr fm

af`shof y mes afdces `fkfshrces phrh krfhrme, trh`sactcrme trh`sactc rme y rfkcncrme. Mh c`èvhkcû` tãk`ckh sf hpmckh, per supufste, f` mhs jfrrhacf`ths quf utcmczhaes phrh predukcr mes af`shofs, trh`sactcrme trh`sactcrmess y rfkcncrmes, acsahs qu quf f sf vh` c`èv c`èvh`de h`de ke` fm trh`skurse dfm tcfape.

Mhs jfrrhacf`ths df kedcgckhkcû`? se` mhs aèquc`hs e c`struaf`tes quf utcmczhaes phrh krfhr fm af`shof? phpfm,

pmuah, mèpcz, keaputhderh, kèahrh geteirègckh e df vcdfe, f`trf etres< fm gerahte fs fm fstcme phrtckumhr quf tcf`f fm af`shof, pufdf sfr u` dcnuoe, khrth, geteirhgáh e vcdfe< y mhs jfrrhacf`ths df dfkedcgckhkcû` se` mes c`struaf`tes c`struaf`tes quf utcmczhaes phrh khpthr fm af`shof.

82

F` tãracès if`frhmfs, pedfaes af`kce`hr quf mes scstfahs df keau`ckhkcû` phsh` per trfs irh`dfs fthphs, khdh u`h dfgc`cdh per mhs c`èvhkce`fs tãk`ckhs df u`h ãpekh. [cstfahs df keau`ckhkcû` afkè`ckes? se` mes quf utcmczh` u`h jfrrhacf`th

phrh rfhmczhr mh ahyer phrtf dfm trhnhoe, e ncf` de`df mhs jfrrhacf`ths df kedcgckhkcû` se` u`h aèquc`h hkkce`hdh per juahès. Fm prcafre df fstes scstfahs guf mh caprf`th df tcpes aûvcmfs df Iutf`nfri, hmrfdfder df 8462.

[cstfahss df ke au`ckhkcû` fmã [cstfah fmãktrckes ktrckes ? fm dfskunrcacf`te y mhs hpmckhkce`fs df mh

fmfktrckcdhd rfvemukce`hre` rfvemukce`hre` mes scstfahs df keau`ckhkcû` keau`ckhkcû`??

Fm tfmãgeè, H`te`ce Afukkc, 8:69. Fm tfmãirhge, Grcfdrckj Ihuss, 8:;;< [haufm Aersf, 8:42. Mh rhdce, @clemh Tfsmh, 8:3;< Iucmmfrae Ahrke`c, 8:39. [cstfahs df keau`ckhkcû` dcicthm? se` mh keòu`kcû` df mes scstfahs fmãktrckes

ke` mh keaputhkcû`. keaputhkcû`. V`h jfrrhacf`th keae fm kerrfe fmfktrû`cke fs mh keòuihkcû` dcicthm df mh aèquc`h df fskrcncr y fm tfmãirhge, ke` tedhs mhs vf`thohs df mes prekfshderfs df phmhnrhs. Egcaètckh ; Fdckce`fs Fkh pèic`h >9->3

88

Hktctc vc Hk vcdh dhd d c`d c `d c vc vcdu du hm

^fmhkce`h mhs sciucf`tfs kemua`hs kemekh`de df`tre dfm phrã`tfscs mh mftrh quf kerrfspe`dh. Hpeyè`detf f` mh mfkturh h`tfrcer. h) [cstfahs df keau`ckhkcû` keau`ckhkcû`

( ) Dfpf`df dfm ke`tfxte sekchm quf mh

ahùhmfs

dfah`df. ( ) Keòu`kcû` df mes scstfahs fmãktrckes ke` mh Keaputhkcû`.

n) Mh c`èvhkcû` tãk`ckh

k) Fm kerrfe fmfktrû`cke

( ) Mfìuhof quf sf utcmczh phrh fstrukturhr fm af`shof y mes afdces `fkfshrces phrh krfhrme, trh`sactcrme y rfkcncrme.

d) Jfrrhacf`ths df kedcgckhkcû`

( ) Aèquc`hs e c`struaf`tes quf utcmczhaes phrh phrh krfhr fm af`shof af`shof..

f) Ke`tfxte sekchm

( ) Hnhrkh tedes mes ghkterfs kumturhmfs, fke`ûackes, jcstûrckes, quf c`gmuyf` f` mh vcdh df u`h pfrse`h.

g ) [cstfah df keau`ckhkc keau`ckhkce`fs e`fs

( ) C`vf`ter dfm tfmãgeè.

i) @clemh Tfmsh

( ) C`vf`ter df mh rhdce.

j) [cstfahs df keau`ckhkcû keau`ckhkcû`` dcicthm

( ) [f nhsh` f` fm fsgufrze y jhncmcdhdfs prepchs dfm juahè y ekuph` mh ahyer phrtf df mh jcsterch.

c) H`te`ce Afukkc

( ) Keòuihkcû` dcicthm df mh aèquc`h df fskrcncr y fm tfmãirhge.

8>

Hktctc vc Hk vcdhd dhd c` dc vc vcdu du hm

Keae phrtf df mh hkfpthkcû` sekchm, f` mes prekfses df c`èvhkcû` f` tfkèmeiáh, dcnuoh u` enofte df ãxcte quf sf scih utcmczh`de f` mh hktuhmcdhd.

8;

^fhmczh mh sciucf`tf seph df mftrhs.

HKFRTHKCE@ KHANCE TFK@CKE KE@TFZTE [EKCHM

JF^^HACF@TH[ JC[TE^CH C@GEÂHKCE@

AFDCE[ TFK@CKE[ @FKF[CDHD ENOFTE[.

KEAV@CKHKCÛ@ DF[KVN^CACF@TE DC[RE[CTCWE[ FWHMVHKCE@

C@@EWHKCE@ C@WF@KCE@ TFK@CKH C@WF[TCIHKCE@ AHXVC@H[

RÊKF[E[ [C[TFAH[ TFK@EMEICH

84

[ctuhkcû` df Hprf`dczh Hprf`dc zhof of ; Hp rf`d Hprf `d czho czhof f Cdf`tcgckh mhs tãk`ckhs quf ke`gerah` dcgfrf`tfs khapes fspfrhde? tfkèmûickes y mhs fapmfh phrh dfshrremmhr prekfses df c`èvhkcû`. Mh ke`strukk cû` sekchm df mes scstfahs scstfahs tãk`ckes

Tedes mes preduktes tfkèmûickes quf ès redfh` (ncf`fs, sfrvckces y prekfses) gufre` fmhnerhdes h phrtcr df scstfahs tãk`ckes quf dfah`dh` u`h sfrcf df fthphs erih`czhdhs f` mhs quf c`tfrvcf`f` pfrse`hs y rfkurses ahtfrchmfs. [c è gufrh hsá, è pedráhaes iezhr df mhs keaedcdhdfs quf ãstes ès nrc`dh`. F` fstrckte sf`tcde, u` scstfah tãk`cke fstè rfprfsf`thde per mh c`tfrdfpf`df`kch df mes sfrfs juahès, mhs jfrrhacf`ths e aèquc`hs y mes ahtfrchmfs e fm f`terè phrh mh entf`kcû` df u` hrtfghkte e sfrvckce quf shtcsghih u`h `fkfscdhd e c`tfrãs df u` irupe sekchm. Fsth c`tfrdfpf`df`kch dfgc`f mes trfs tcpes df scstfahs tãk`ckes? sfr juahè-aèquc`h, sfr juahè-predukte y predukte-aèquc`h. Mh khrhktfrástckh gu`dhaf`thm df u` scstfah tãk`cke fs su erih`czhkcû`. F` ãm, tedes sus fmfaf`tes c`tfrhktÿh` df ah`frh c`tf`kce`hm. Rer fmme, mh ifstcû` tãk`ckh y mh hdac`cstrhkcû` dfm prekfse preduktcve se` ghkterfs fsf`kchmfs df ke`trem y dfshrremme. Rer fofapme, f` mes scstfahs tãk`ckes phrh mh fmhnerhkcû` df tfmhs f` tfmhrfs hrtfsh`hmfs, keae sf jhkáh jhsth prc`kcpces dfm scime ZWCCC. Fsf tcpe df thmmfrfs tedhváh sf vf` f` hmiu`hs ze`hs df ùfstre phás y f` fmmes mes hrtfshès tcf`f` ke`thkte dcrfkte ke` mh aèquc`h (fm tfmhr) quf predukf mh tfmh (scstfah sfr juahè-aèquc`h).

86

[c` fanhrie, mes khances sekchmfs quf sf suskcthre` h gc`hmfs g c`hmfs dfm scime ZWCCC, y quf ke`duofre` h mh ^fvemukcû` c`dustrchm, aedcgckhre` fstf scstfah tãk`cke y me ke`vcrtcfre` f` u` scstfah sfr juahè-predukte, f` mh má`fh cahic`hrch quf rfprfsf`th fm ke`tcùe df u` scstfah tãk`cke, afdch`tf mh hpmckhkcû` df khances tãk`ckes susth`kchmfs. Fm ùfve scstfah jh fvemukce`hde ke`tcùhaf`tf jhsth mmfihr h mhs gènrckhs tfxtcmfs df mh hktuhmcdhd, de`df f` mh rfmhkcû` aèquc`h-predukte fm sfr juahè tcf`f khdh vfz afès c`tfrhkkcû` ke` fm predukte y khdh vfz aès ke` mh aèquc`h. [c` fanhrie, fsth sctuhkcû` è jh jfkje quf dfshphrfzkh` per keapmfte mes thmmfrfs hrtfsh`hmfs df jcmhdes y tfmhrfs, kuyh pfrah`f`kch thancã` enfdfkf h prfgfrf`kchs prfgfrf` kchs sekchmfs y hm sepertf quf sf dh h fstes scstfahs tãk`ckes. Mh rfmhkcû` f`trf mes scstfahs y mh tfkèmeiáh .

Ke`tfsth mhs sciucf`tfs prfiu`ths. Rufdfs utcmczhr me quf hprf`dcstf f` kurses phshdes, y keapmfaf`thr me quf è rfkufrdfs ke` u`h c`vfstcihkcû` ncnmceirègckh e f` C`tfr`ft. C`tfr`ft. h) µXuã fs u` scstfah5 UUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUU UUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUU UUUUU n) Fxpmckh trfs khrhktfrástckhs if`frhmfs df mes scstfahs. UUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUU UUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUU UUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUU UUUUU k) Fmhnerh u` dcnuoe quf cmustrf mes sciucf`tfs preduktes tfkèmûickes f` mes kuhmfs sf hpmcquf` mes scstfahs?

Mhs if`frhkce`fs if`frhkce`fs tfkèmûi tfkèmûi ckhs y mh ke`gci urhkcû` df khapes tfkèmûickes

87

V` khape tfkèmûicke fs u` èrfh quf c`kmuyf prekfses preduktcves

quf dfah`dh` hktcvcdhdfs e ahtfrchmfs scacmhrfs, e quf predukf` hrtfghktes e sfrvckces quf htcf`df` `fkfscdhdfs e c`tfrfsfs keau`fs. tfkèmûi cke fs u` scstfah f` de`df ke`vfrif`, F` etrhs phmhnrhs, V` khape tfkèmûi

sf c`tfirh` y erih`czh` dcstc`ths tãk`ckhs ke` fm enoftcve df entf`fr u` predukte e nrc`dhr u` sfrvckce. Hdfaès, u` khape tfkèmûicke hiruph vhrchs hktcvcdhdfs preduktcvhs quf keaphrtf` e jhkf` use df u` acsae e sfafoh`tf scstfah tfkèmûicke keae? jfrrhacf`ths, afdces tãk`ckes, hkkce`fs y tãk`ckhs, keèkcacf`tes, keèkcacf`t es, f`trf etrhs keshs. F` fm Khtèmeie @hkce`hm df Hktcvcdhdfs Tfkèmûickhs phrh fdukhkcû` sfku`dhrch tãk`ckh y if`frhm sf c`kmuyf` mes sciucf`tfs khapes tfkèmûickes? Tfkèmeiáhs df mes Hmcaf`tes, Tfkèmeiáhs df mh C`gerahkcû` y mh Keau`ckhkcû`, Tfkèmeiáhs df mh Ke`strukkcû`, Tfkèmeiáhs df mh Ahùghkturh, Tfkèmeiáhs df mh [hmud, mes sfrvckces y mh rfkrfhkcû` y mes df Tfkèmeiáhs Hirepfkuhrch y Rfsqufrh. µ[hnfs h quã khape tfkèmûicke pfrtf`fkf fm mhnerhterce df tfkèmeiáh quf fstès kursh`de f` tu sfku`dhrch5 Fskránfme. UUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUU ^fhmczh u`h c`vfstcihkcû` ncnmceirègckh e f` c`tfr`ft y keapmfth fm kuhdre. ^fprfsf`th irègckhaf`tf mes tcpes df erih`czhkcû` dfm trhnhoe.

89

Khape Kh ape tfkèmûick e df

8. Mh ke`strukkcû`

Rrepûscte

Fdcgckhr u`h c`grhfstrukturh pÿnmckh e prcvhdh, urnh`h e rurhm.

>. Hirepfkuhrc Hirepfkuhrchh y pfsqufrh ;. Mh ahùghkturh 4. Mh shmud, shmud, mes mes sfrvckces sfrvckces y mh rfkrfhkcû` 6. Mh c`gerahkcû` y mh keau`ckhkcû` F` mes dcstc`tes prekfses df predukkcû`, mes dcgfrf`tfs khapes tfkèmûickes c`tfrhktÿh`, ke`vfrif`, sf hiruph` y hrtckumh` dcstc`ths kmhsfs df tãk`ckhs kuyh erih`czhkcû` tcf`f` f` keaÿ`? meirhr entf`fr u` enofte e predukte e f` tede khse u` sfrvckce. F` fm phshde keae f` fm prfsf`tf, mes khances tfkèmûickes jh` supufste khances sci`cgckhtcves f` mhs gerahs df vcdh, mh erih`czhkcû` sekchm y mes scstfahs df vhmerfs df mh penmhkcû`. µFste qucfrf dfkcr quf mes khances tãk`ckes, mh c`èvhkcû` e krfhkcû` df u` predukte, hgfkth fm keaperthacf`te sekchm5 Hsá fs, mh tfkèmeiáh fs u` fmfaf`te c`dcspf`shnmf dfm keèkcacf`te juahè phrh rfsemvfr aukjes prenmfahs y `fkfscdhdfs quf tcf`f` mhs pfrse`hs, thancã` fs kmhre quf sus ke`sth`tfs khances tcf`f` fgfktes pedfreses f` mh ke`gerahkcû` df mes phtre`fs df ke`dukth, per fofapme, jey fm use dfm tfmãgeè aûvcm e kfmumhr ès keau`ckh rèpcdhaf`tf, sc` fanhrie, thancã` jh ercic`hde quf mh if`tf sf hásmf y ke`vcvh afès sekchmaf`tf. Vtcmczhs mhs tfkèmeiáhs, mh keaputhderh e fm kfmumhr y ke` hyudh df hmiÿ` nuskhder f` mh C`tfr`ft, tfkmfhs mh phmhnrh h nuskhr y huteaètckhaf`tf hphrfkf fm sci`cgckhde. Rufs if`frhmaf`tf pufdfs nuskhr f` u` dckkce`hrce, yh quf f` fstf sf f`kuf`trh` mhs phmhnrhs erdf`hdhs hmghnãtckhaf`tf. [e` tãk`ckhs df nÿsqufdh df c`gerahkcû`< hanes meirh` fm enoftcve, quf ke`scstf f` f`ke`trhr fm sci`cgckhde df u`h phmhnrh, pfre khdh u`h df fmmhs utcmczû tãk`ckhs dcgfrf`tfs. Rufdfs utcmczhr mh tãk`ckh df nÿsqufdh df c`gerahkcû` f` u` dcspesctcve dcicthm, e utcmczhr mh tãk`ckh df 8:

nÿsqufdh df c`gerahkcû` f` u` dckkce`hrce. Mh tãk`ckh fs u` prekfse df krfhkcû` df afdces phrh shtcsghkfr `fkfscdhdfs f c`tfrfsfs, c`kmuyf`de gerahs df erih`czhkcû` erih`czh kcû` y ifstcû`, jfrrhacf`ths, jfrrhacf`ths, c`struaf`tes y aèquc`hs. Mhs c`èvhkce`fs y mes khances f` ùfstrhs kestuanrfs

Mhs pfrse`hs, faprfshs f c`stctukce`fs quf krfh`, aedcgckh` f c`èvh` preduktes tfkèmûickes (thìcnmfs e c`thìcnmfs) khanch` ke`sth`tfaf`tf sus ahtfrchmfs, khrhktfrástckhs, prepcfdhdfs y gu`kce`hacf`te phrh hdfkuhr mes preduktes h mhs `fkfscdhdfs khanch`tfs df mes usuhrces. H mh vfz, fste jhkf quf rfqucfrh` df ahyerfs keèkcacf`tes tãk`ckes y tfkèmûickes hpmckhdes. Keaphrf` mhs caèif`fs y keapmftf` mes sciucf`tfs kuhdres phrh fsthnmfkfr kûae jh` khanchde ùfstrh ah`frh df vcvcr mes sciucf`tfs preduktes tfkèmûickes? thìcnmfs)   Fm khmzhde (enoftes thìcnmfs) H`tfs (83>2) caèif`fs

µRhrh quã sf dcsføhre`5 µRufdf` tf`fr etre use5 Ahtfrchmfs df fmhnerhkcû` Muihr df keaprh µKûae sf fmhnerh`5 µXucã`fs mes ush`5

83

Hktuhmaf`tf (>28;)

^fgmfxce`f` f` terè h mhs aedcgckhkce`fs quf trhf` h ùfstrh vcdh dchrch mes sciucf`tfs hspfktes.

•

Mh hpmckhkcû` df mes ùfves ahtfrchmfs?

UUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUU UU •

Mh dcsacùkcû` df mes kestes?

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Mh ghkcmcdhd phrh hdqucrcrmes?

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Fm dcsføe df mes ùfves aedfmes?

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Mh aedh?

UUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUU UU •

Mes khances f` mes prekfses tãk`ckes phrh su fmhnerhkcû fmhnerhkcû`? `?

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>2

[ctuhkcû ` df Hprf`dczhof [ctuhkcû` Hprf`dc zhof 4 Hprf Hp rf`d `d czho czhof f fspfrhde?

Rrepe`f` afoerhs h prekfses y preduktes c`kerperhde mhs hperthkce`fs df mes keèkcacf`tes trhdckce`hmfs df dcgfrf`tfs kumturhs. Rmh`fhr hmtfr`htcvhs df semukcû` h prenmfahs tãk`ckes df hkufrde ke` fm ke`tfxte sekchm y kumturhm.

Mhs hperthkce`fs df mes keèk cacf`tes trhdckce` hmf hmfss df dcgfrf`tf dcgfrf`tfss kum turhs f` mh ke`gciu rhkcû` df mes khapes tf tfkèmûic kèmûic kes

Mh c`gmuf`kch df mes keèkcacf`tes sekchmfs y kumturhmfs ke`gerah` mes khapes tfkèmûickes quf ès hyudh` h semukce`hr hmiu`hs `fkfscdhdfs nèsckhs df mh sekcfdhd, scfaprf scfap rf jhy `fkfscdhdfs quf vh` khanch`de e `fkfscth` c`èvhkce`fs y khances tãk`ckes, phrh su prekfse df predukkcû`. Mhs hperthkce`fs df mh kumturh trhdckce`hm dfpf`df` df mes khapes tfkèmûickes, f` ekhsce`fs pufdf sfr aá`cah e rfmfvh`tf, fs dfkcr f` fm khape tfkèmûicke df mh c`gerahkcû` y keau`ckhkcû`, keau`ckhk cû`, c`kmuyf mh predukkcû` df jfrrhacf`th e ahquc`hs keae keaputhderhs y sfrvckces df C`tfr`ft u etres afdces df keau`ckhkcû` mh kumturh trhdckce`hm tcf`f u` hpertf aá`cae. Acf`trhs quf f` fm khape df mes hmcaf`tes mh caperth`kch df mh prfphrhkcû` df mes hmcaf`tes fs nhshdh f` mh fxpfrcf`kch df keanc`hkce`fs keanc`hkce`fs y kke`sfrvhs e`sfrvhs quf seme mh kumturh trhdckce`hm pufdf hperthr. Fofapme?

>8

Rredukte e sfrvckce? Hpertfs

Rh`tûirhge (hapmcgckhder df caèif`fs) 8. Rfractf fskhmhr kuhmqucfr dcnuoe, ahph e fsqufah, h dcgfrf`tfs thahøes, quf fm ercic`hm hÿ` nhoe keste. >. Geaf`th fm use dfm tãracè fskhmhs df u`h gerah c`èvhderh. ;. Ahtfrchm mcifre y kûaede hm aeaf`te df utcmczhrme.

Dfspuãs df mffr, cdf`tcgckh quf hpertfs tcf`f fm khape tfkèmûicke hm quf pfrtf`fkf tu tfkèmeiáh f` mh keau`cdhd. Tfkèmeiáh? Hper Hp er thk ce `fs

Fskeif u` predukte e sfrvckce quf pedráhs afoerhr ke` mh tfkèmeiáh quf fstudchs, pufdfs utcmczhr rfkertfs e rfhmczhr u` dcnuoe, af`kce`h quf pescnmf afoerh prepe`fs ke` fm keèkcacf`te quf jhs hdqucrcde. Rredukte e sfrvckce? ^fprfsf`thkcû`` irègckh ^fprfsf`thkcû

Hpertf df afoerh?

[ctuhkcû`? Jey mh ahfstrh df tfkèmeiáh fxpmcke kûae sf gerah` mhs fskhmhs phrh hirh`dhr e dcsacùcr gciurhs, h me quf hmiuès hmuaès è f`tf`dáh` ncf` fm ke`kfpte. Rer me quf mh pregfserh, pmh`tfe u`h hmtfr`htcvh, phrh quf mes hmuaès >>

f`tf`dcfrh` fm ke`kfpte ke` hyudh df mhs tãk`ckhs trhdckce`hmfs y mh keanc`hkcû` df des khapes tfkèmûickes df ke`strukkcû` y fm df c`gerahkcû` y keau`ckhkcû`, fspfrh meirhr quf mes hmuaès keaprf`dh` fm use df mhs fskhmhs phrh è dcstersce`hr caèif`fs. Rhrh fmme mfs semckcte quf trhofrh` phrh mh sciucf`tf kmhsf u` pfdhze df khrtû`, nrekjfs ahrcpesh, rfimh, mèpcz, u` phmcte df nrekjfth df ahdfrh, des pfdhzes df nerrhder, thpf, u`h cahif` pfquføh y u`h jeoh nmh`kh e df kemer. Hm keaf`zhr mh kmhsf mh ahfstrh mfs semckcte quf kemekhrh` fm ahtfrchm h mh vcsth y preyfkte mhs c`strukkce`fs phrh krfhr u` Rh`tûirhge. Rrekfdcacf`te?

Rhse 8? Acdf, ahrquf mes `ÿafres quf fstè` f` kemer reoe y pfrgerf de`df fstè` kemekhdes mes kárkumes vfrdfs keae sf aufstrh f` mh gciurh.

>;

Rhse >? Tf`cf`de mhs tcrhs pfrgerhdhs y ahrkhdhs prekfdh h rfhmczhr fm f`shanmf fm hrtfghkte de`df fstè` kemekhdes mes kárkumes kemekh mes nrekjfs ahrcpesh phrh if`frh fm aevcacf`te, kûae sf aufstrh f` mh gciurh.

>4

Rhse ;? Dfnf df utcmczhr des pfquføes nerrhderfs quf dfnf pfrgerhr f c`sfrthr fm phmcte df nrekjfth phrh iuáh y me acsae rfhmczhrh phrh c`sfrthr fm mèpcz, pfih ke` scmckû` phrh fvcthr quf sf dfspfof fm nerrhder df mh fstrukturh.

Rhse 4? Kemekhr mh iuáh phrh dfmc`fhr fm dcnuoe y fm mèpcz phrh if`frhm fm dcnuoe hapmchde keae me aufstrh mh gciurh hm prc`kcpce seme dcnuohre` h u`h fskhmh fm denmf dfm dcnuoe, pfre sf dcfre` kuf`th quf pufdf` hapmchr jhsth 6 vfkfs fm thahøe ercic`hm.

Hjerh krfh tu prepce Rh`tûirhge y hapmchr tus dcnuoes aufstrh tus krfhkce`fs.

>6

[ctuhkcû` ` df Hprf`dczhof Hprf`dc zhof 6 [ctuhkcû Hprf Hp rf`d `d czho czhof f

Dcstcìuf mhs tf`df`kchs f` mes dfshrremm dfshrremmes es tãk`ckes df c`èvhkcû c`èvhkcû``

fspfrhde?

y mhs rfpredukf phrh semukce`hr prenmfahs tãk`ckes. tãk`ckes.

C`èvhkcû` tãk`ckh y dfshrremme s ustf`thnmf Wcscû` prespfktcvh df mh tfkèmeiáh? fskf`hrces dfsfhnmfs

Mh sekcfdhd y mh c`dustrch peke h peke jh` teahde kec`kcdf`kch df mh `fkfscdhd df kucdhr fm afdce hancf`tf y df mes fgfktes èkcves quf mes ke`thac`h`tfs tcf`f` senrf mhs vcdhs prfsf`tfs y guturhs df mhs pfrse`hs, per fmme, tedes mes iencfrès dfm au`de f` keaÿ` fsgufrze ke` mhs faprfshs y mhs c`stctukce`fs, c`stctukce`fs , jh` faprf`dcde vhrces preyfktes phrh hvfrciuhr jhkch de`df sf dfnf` ercf`thr mhs tfkèmeiáhs y kuèmfs se` mhs quf aès ke`vcf`f` phrh khdh phás y prevffr mh afoer gerah df hdqucrcrmhs y dfshrremmhrmhs. [f prftf`df dfshrremmhr scstfahs tãk`ckes quf ke`scdfrf` mes prc`kcpces dfm dfshrremme sustf`thnmf fs u` tãracè ke`tfaperè`fe quf fxprfsh mh `fkfscdhd df meirhr hvh`kfs fke`ûackes y sekchmfs h phrtcr dfm fqucmcnrce fkemûicke . V`h c`èvhkcû` quf eactf uè df fstes trfs fmfaf`tes dfm dfshrremme sustf`thnmfs è sfrè vchnmf. H`hmczhrfaes fm caphkte y fm keste k este hancf`thm df mes dfshrremmes tfkèmûickes. [f preaufvf mh nÿsqufdh df hmtfr`htcvhs phrh hdfkuhr y afoerhr mes prekfses preduktcves e tãk`ckes, keae kckmes scstãackes ercf`thdes h mh prfvf`kcû` dfm dftfrcere hancf`thm, quf sf ke`krfth` f` mh hapmchkcû` df mh fgckcf`kch preduktcvh y df mhs khrhktfrástckhs dfm kckme df vcdh df mes preduktes. [f c`kerperh u` prcafr hkfrkhacf`te h mhs èrahs y mes rfimhaf`tes f` ahtfrch hancf`thm, keae mhs rfmhkce`hdhs ke` fm erdf`hacf`te fkemûicke dfm tfrrcterce, mes fstudces df caphkte hancf`thm y mhs èrahs hancf`thmfs phrh fm dcsføe, pmh`fhkcû` y fofkukcû` dfm preyfkte tãk`cke.

>7

Fxpmerh tu keèkcacf`te? 8. >. ;. 4. 6.

7.

R^FIV@TH µXuã f`tcf`dfs per caphkte hancf`thm5 Af`kce`h des afdcdhs df prfvf`kcû` f` fm dftfrcere hancf`thm. Af`kce`h mhs khrhktfrástckhs khrhktfrástckhs df u` predukte c`èvhder. Fxpmckh quã f`tcf`dfs per use fgckcf`tf df ahtfrchmfs y f`friáh. µKuèmfs se` mes kestes hancf`thmfs quf if`frh fm use df ahtfrchm tûxcke y f`friáh f` tu keau`cdhd5 µKuèmfs se` mes caphktes hancf`thmfs quf if`frh` mes

^F[RVF[TH

prekfses df predukkcû` predukkcû`55 9. µXuã hkkce`fs capmfaf`th` phrh rfsemvfr prenmfahs hancf`thmfs f` tu keau`cdhd5 Fm dfshrremme c`dustrchm ke`vf`kce`hm jh mmfihde h kcfrte pu`te f` fm quf rfsumth c`sestf`cnmf h khush df mh fèraf kh`tcdhd df rfkurses `hturhmfs quf ke`suaf. Df hjá mh `fkfscdhd df krfhr ùfvhs tfkèmeiáhs quf utcmckf` f`friãtckes rfèvhnmfs y quf sfh` rfspftueshs dfm afdce hancf`tf. Fm fsthde hktuhm df mh tãk`ckh y mh tfkèmeiáh sf vcvf f` u`h frh df ere df mh tfkèmeiáh hscstcdh per keaputhderh. F` if`frhm, fm fapmfe df mes fqucpes df kûapute keae huxcmchrfs phrh fm ke`trem df aèquc`hs y mh ifstcû` df prekfses preduktcves jh pescncmcthde u`h fèraf kh`tcdhd df c`èvhkce`fs f` khsc tedes mes khapes tfkèmûickes. Mh fdukhkcû` hancf`thm ès f`sføh quf mes prenmfahs tcf`f` vhrces èìumes df h`èmcscs yh quf sus khushs pufdf` sfr sekchmfs, fke`ûackhs, pemátckhs, quáackhs, gásckhs, ncemûickhs, kumturhmfs e rfmcice rfmciceshs. shs. Tedes dfnfaes nf`fgckchrès df mh tfkèmeiáh, pfre fs prfkcse hsfiurhr quf ãsth sfh hprepchdh, hdfkuhdh h mhs rfice`fs de`df sf vh h fapmfhr y quf è hkhnf ke` mes rfkurses `hturhmfs. Rhrh fmme dfnfaes geaf`thr mes fstudces kcf`tágckes `fkfshrces quf ihrh`tckf` fm use hprepchde df fses rfkurses. [c` hiethrmes y >9

pfractcf`de su rfif`frhkcû` phrh quf mhs sciucf`tfs if`frhkce`fs thancã` sf nf`fgckcf` df fmmes. Cdf`tcgckh caphktes y kestes hancf`thmfs. ^fhmczh u`h mfkturh acùkcesh dfm sciucf`tf tfah ”prenmfahs afdcehancf`thmfs f` mhs kcudhdfs ‑. Mes prenmfahs

hancf`thmfs urnhès tcf`f` u`h rfpfrkuscû` h fskhmh mekhm, rfice`hm y imenhm. Hmfrth hancf`thm? Mes prc` prc`kcphmfs kcphmfs prenmfahs hancf`thmfs hancf`thmfs df Aã Aãxcke xcke Aãxcke sf f`kuf`trh f` u`h krcscs hù`kchdh. Mh ke`thac`hkcû` hancf`thm f` fm Aãxcke e fs c`sestf`cnmf. Mh sctuhkcû` jh mmfvhde hm phás, prc`kcphmaf`tf f` Kcudhd df Aãxck hancf`thmfs mfs quf f`grf`th mh `hkcû`. phás hm kemhpse. [e` aukjes mes prenmfahs hancf`th

F` >286, mh ^fvcsth Gernfs cdf`tcgckû sfcs prenmfahs hancf`thmfs f` fm phás. [fiÿ` mh rfvcsth, fstes mmfvhráh` h Aãxcke hm kemhpse. Fstes gufre` mh ghmth df hiuh, aevcmcdhd, if`frhkcû` df f`friáh, nhsurh, ke`thac`hkcû` k e`thac`hkcû` y erdf`hacf`te urnhè. F` fstf hrtákume pregu`dczhrfaes fstes prenmfahs. H`hmczhrfaes quã ghkterfs mmfvhre` h Aãxcke h su krcscs hancf`thm hktuhm. Hdfaès, h`hmczhrfaes mhs ke`sfkuf`kchs h kerte, afdchè y mhrie pmhze df fstes prenmfahs. Aãxcke fs u` fsthde phrtf dfm Rretekeme df Lcete. If`frhmaf`tf, jh dhde afdcehancf`thmm . [c` fanhrie, sciuf aufstrhs df quf sf teah f` sfrce mh pemátckh afdcehancf`th

f`grf`tè`desf h vhrces rftes afdcehancf`thmfs auy irhvfs. Fm suac`cstre df hiuh mcapch h mh Kcudhd df Aãxcke, mh ke`thac`hkcû` dfm hcrf f` mh khpcthm k hpcthm y etrhs kcudhdfs caperth`tfs, mh dfgerfsthkcû` y mh frescû` f` mhs ze`hs rurhmfs df Aãxcke… Ãstes pr enmfahs aès urif`tfs. se` hmiuès df mes prenmfahs V`h ahrkhdh dcsacùkcû` dfm krfkcacf`te dfaeirègcke fstè hmcvch`de hmiu`hs prfsce`fs afdcehancf`thm a fdcehancf`thmfs. fs. Rretekeme df Lcete ? Hkufrde c`tfr`hkce`hm df mh ke`vf`kcû` Ahrke df mhs

@hkce`fs V`cdhd senrf fm khance kmcaètcke, hprenhdh f` @ufvh Serl fm 23 df ahye df 833>, quf tcf`f per enoftcve rfdukcr mhs facsce`fs df sfcs ihsfs df fgfkte c`vfr`hdfre. >:

[c` fanhrie, mhs pemátckhs dfstc`hdhs h ke`sfrvhr ke`s frvhr fm afdce hancf`tf è se` auy prcercthrchs. Rer f`df, fm dfshrremme sestf`cnmf è sf preaufvf. ßmtcahaf`tf, mh pemátckh hancf`thm sf jh vufmte aès segcstckhdh. Fste phrtckumhraf`tf f` mh Kcudhd df Aãxcke . [c` fanhrie, h afùde ghmth mh hpmckhkcû` df èrahs y rfimhaf`tes

hancf`thmfs. Whmf mh pf`h sføhmhr mh susth`kchm vhrchkcû` f`trf mes `cvfmfs df iencfrè gfdfrhmm fs aukje aès khphz, ke` afoerfs y y f`trf mes dcstc`tes tfahs. Fm iencfrè gfdfrh aès fgckcf`tfs rfiumhkce`fs y ae`cterfe. Ãstf è fs fm khse h `cvfm mekhm , de`df mes ge`des, fm khpcthm juahè y mes rfkurses hdac`cstrhtcves se` fskhses. F` phrtckumhr, f` mhs rfice`fs fkemûickhaf`tf rckhs, pfre aès penrfs fke`ûackhaf`tf dfm phás. F` ahtfrch hancf`thm, Aãxcke kuf`th ke` èrahs auy fstrckths df khmcdhd dfm hcrf. Fste dfncde h h`tfkfdf`tfs irhvfs df ke`thac`hkcû`. Rer fm ke`trhrce, mhs èrahs quf rfiumh` fm ke`suae df hiuh y mh ke`thac`hkcû` fstè` aukje afès hvh`zhdhs . Rer u` mhde, Aãxcke fstè c`tfrfshde f` fmfvhr su pfrgcm c`tfr`hkce`hm k keae eae preaeter dfm aumtcmhtfrhmcsae hancf`thm. Fste afdch`tf fm hpeye hm Rretekeme df Lcete y etres hkufrdes hancf`thmfs aumtcmhtfrhmfs. aumtcmhtfrhmfs. Rer etre mhde, mh prepch fkeèaáh df Aãxcke tedhváh dfpf`df f` irh` afdcdh df

mh fxperthkcû` df pftrûmfe y ihs. Fstes se` keanustcnmfs gûscmfs. Rer me quf caperth`tfs c`ckchtcvhs mfihmfs (per fofapme, mh Mfy df Khance Kmcaètcke) f`grf`th` sfrces prenmfahs df capmfaf`thkcû`. V` hspfkte pesctcve, fs fm huaf`te df mh ke`kcf`tczhkcû` . Dfsdf jhkf u`h if`frhkcû` phrh hkè, jhy prfekuphkcû` per mes tfahs fkemûickes. Mhs hutercdhdfs y penmhkcû` afxckh`h se` aukje aès ke`skcf`tfs df mhs kufstce`fs afdcehancf`th a fdcehancf`thmfs. mfs.

>3

Mes dáh dáhss eskures esk ures df mh Kcudhd Kcudhd df Aãxcke Aãxcke

Aãxcke, rfkcf`tfaf`tf, fstè phsh`de per sus dáhs aès eskures. [eme jhkf uès dáhs, mh Kcudhd df Aãxcke frh crrfspcrhnmf. Fm saei (`cfnmh afzkmhdh ke` juae y susth`kchs ke`thac`h`tfs) frh th` df`se quf frh capescnmf rfspcrhr. Fste ekurrf per mh ke`kf`trhkcû` df ezeè f` fm hancf`tf. Fm ezeè fs u` ihs crrcth`tf y auy excdh`tf. Hgfkth prc`kcphmaf`tf mhs aukeshs. Mh ke`thac`hkcû` per mh hmth ke`kf`trhkcû` df ezeè hgfkth prc`kcphmaf`tf mes scstfahs rfspcrhterce y khrdcevhskumhr. Fste mmfvû h mh phrhmczhkcû` df vhrchs kcudhdfs dfm phás per hm afès des dáhs y h dfkmhrhr u`h ke`tcìf`kch hancf`thm. F` mh Kcudhd suspf`dcfre` f`dcfre` mhs hktcvcdhdfs fskemhrfs, sf capuse u`h rfstrckkcû` df Aãxcke, sf susp vfjckumhr , sf rfkeaf`dû fvcthr jhkfr hktcvcdhdfs hm hcrf mcnrf. Fste fs me quf khush

mh ke`thac`hkcû` h thm `cvfm. [uahde h fste, fm df`se saei f` mh kcudhd sûme fapferhnh mhs keshs. Fsth `cfnmh df`sh, khushdh per u`h sfrcf df c`kf`dces fs hmhrah`tf. Khush fgfktes crrfphrhnmfs h mh shmud juah`h. ^fspcrhr fsf hcrf fs rcfsiese phrh tede hqufm quf me jhih. [c` fanhrie, fstf `cvfm df ke`thac`hkcû` hgfkth f` ahyer afdcdh h mes `cøes . Fsth ke`thac`hkcû` mcacth fm krfkcacf`te pumae`hr  df df mes `cøes. Mfs khush crrcthkcû` f` mes eoes, khush fskurrcacf`te `hshm y fm dfshrremme df f`gfrafdhdfs khrdcevhskumhrfs, pfre µquã th` irhvf fs fm prenmfah5 Df hkufrde h fxpfrtes dfm Kf`tre df Kcf`kchs df mh Htaûsgfrh, mh sctuhkcû` fs krátckh. Fm fstè`dhr c`tfr`hkce`hm phrh u`h krcscs fs df >6 ackrûaftres per aftre kÿncke df phrtákumhs 882 2 ackrû ackrûaftres aftres Ra >.6. Df hkufrde h afdckce`fs a fdckce`fs `hkce`hmfs, Aãxcke fstuve f`trf 88 df Ra >.6 per u`h sfah`h. Ãsth fs mh èrah c`tfr`hkce`hm df mh Erih`czhkcû`

Au`dchm df mh [hmud. ;2

V`h krcs krcscs cs quf sf pude prfvf`cr

Tedes mes fxpfrtes f` fm èrfh ke`kmuyf` f` u`h kesh. Fstf fskf`hrce pude jhnfrsf prfvf`cde. [eme jhkf uès afsfs, fm dcrfkter dfm Kf`tre Afxckhè df Dfrfkje Hancf`thm hdvfrtáh u`h pescnmf krcscs hancf`thm f` ahye. Mes kcf`tágckes afxckhès ke`kufrdh` quf sf `fkfscthnh` pmh`fs df hkkcû` kmhres phrh fstf afs. Khdh høe, fs keaÿ` quf f` mh Kcudhd df Aãxcke ekurrh` c`kf`dces dfncde h hmths

tfapfrhturhs f` ahye y ou`ce. Khdh høe, ekurrf me acsae. Rer etrh phrtf, mes fxpfrtes ke`tcìf`kch ìf`kch è se` sugckcf`tfs sugc kcf`tfs. Mhs afdcdhs, quf ke`scdfrh` quf mes pmh`fs df ke`tc sf jh` f`gekhde f` mcacthr mh aevcmcdhd, khush aá`cae caphkte. [eme fvcth quf fm

prenmfah fapferf hm kerte pmhze. [c` fanhrie, sf pufdf fspfrhr quf, df è teahrsf cf`tczhkcû` kcû` kcudhdh`h dfnf afdcdhs ke`krfths, fm prûxcae høe sfh pfer. Mh ke`k cf`tczh c`krfaf`thrsf. Mhs hutercdhdfs dfnf` khphkcthrsf phrh f`grf`thr fm prenmfah. [f

dfnf` preaevfr fstcmes df vcdh aès sustf`thnmfs. Mes fxpfrtes ke`scdfrh` kcfrths afdcdhs quf dfnf` teahrsf. [f dfnf` dcsføhr kucdhdeses pmh`fs df hkkcû` y ke`tcìf`kch. [f dfnf preaevfr fm trh`spertf sestf`cnmf. Jhy quf ke`kcf`tczhr senrf mh aevcmcdhd è aeterczhdh. a eterczhdh. [f rfpctf rfpctf mh jcste jcsterch rch d f >28 >287 7, Kcudhd df Aãxcke vcvcû uè df mes pferfs fpcsedces hancf`thmfs F` ahye df

df su jcsterch. Fste dfncde h mes c`kf`dces y h mhs hmths tfapfrhturhs. Keae rfsumthde, dhøc` e f` 84 h høes øes . fm hcrf quf rfspcrhnh` sus jhncth`tfs sf ke`vcrtcû f` fm aès dhøcè Mhs hutercdhdfs dfkcdcfre` f`te`kfs teahr afdcdhs df ke`tcìf`kch. Ãsths gufre` rfstrcìcr mh kcrkumhkcû` df kekjfs y pfrse`hs. [f dfkrfthre` hmfrths hancf`thmfs. Hu`hde h fste, sf capumsû u`h fstrckth vfrcgckhkcû` df mhs facsce`fs df mes vfjákumes.

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Aãxcke Aã xcke y mh m h aevcmcdhd

F` mh hktuhmcdhd, mhs kcudhdfs afxckh`hs fstè` deac`hdhs per mes vfjákumes h aeter . Mhs fstcahkce`fs rfkcf`tfs suicfrf` u`h tf`df`kch hmhrah`tf f` fm use df huteaûvcmfs prcvhdes. Mh gmeth df vfjákumes pedráh hmkh`zhr mes 92 acmme`fs df vfjákumes f` >2;2. Fsth tf`df`kch pesff rftes hancf`thmfs phrh Aãxcke. F`trf fmmes , mh keìfstcû` df trègcke y ke`thac`hkcû` dfm hcrf quf rfsumth` fspfkchmaf`tf

df u`h gmeth df vfjákumes vcfoes. Rer etre mhde, mh ghmth df c`vfrsce`fs f` tfkèmeiáhs sestf`cnmfs. Df hkufrde hm Kf`tre Ahrce Aemc`h, mes afxckhès phsh` f` preafdce des jerhs dchrchs f` fm trh`spertf. Fste trhf ke`sfkuf`kchs `fihtcvhs phrh kc`ke èrfhs urnh`hs df Aãxcke. Fsths se`? Whmmf df Aãxcke, Ae`tfrrfy, Iuhdhmhohrh, Rufnmh-Tmhxkhmh y Mfû`. (4>% df mh penmhkcû` urnh`h). Fsths ke`sfkuf`kchs se`? mh keìfstcû`, mh ke`thac`hkcû` mekhm, fm rucde, mhs facsce`fs df ihsfs df fgfkte c`vfr`hdfre y mes hkkcdf`tfs huteaevcmástckes. Fsths ke`sfkuf`kchs if`frhre` u` RCN ttethm ethm d keste sekchm fqucvhmf`tf hm 4% dfm RCN dff fs fsths ths kcu kcudhdf dhdfs. s. µXuã sf jh jh jjfkje fkje phrh semukce`hr mh prenmfaètckh5

Mhs prcafrhs hkkce`fs sf teahre` f` >229. F` rfspufsth h mes caperth`tfs dfshgáes, mh Kcudhd df Aãxcke fmhnerû fm Rmh` Wfrdf. Fstf c`kmuáh preirhahs df trh`spertf y aevcmcdhd. Ou`te ke` fm Rmh` Wfrdf, u` Rreirhah C`tfirhde df Trh`spertf Vrnhè. [f preaevcû u`h fstrhtfich df aevcmcdhd ke` nckckmfths. Fstes preirhahs sf nhshre` f` afoerhr fm trh`spertf urnhè ahscve. Mes enoftcves df dckjes pmh`fs c`kmuáh` mes sciucf`tfs? s ciucf`tfs?

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Afoerhr mh khmcdhd y dcspe`cncmcdhd d cspe`cncmcdhd dfm trh`spertf pÿnmcke. ;>

^fdukcr fm `ÿafre df vfjákumes prcvhdes f` mhs khrrftfrhs. k hrrftfrhs.

Hkfmfrhr mh aevcmcdhd f` mh khrrftfrh.

^fdukcr fm trègcke y keìfstce`hacf`te.

Geaf`thr u`h kumturh vchm quf rfspftf h mes kckmcsths y h mes pfhte`fs.

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Rreaevfr fm dfshrremme sestf`cnmf f` Aãxcke. Etrh c`ckchtcvh fs fm scstfah df nckckmfths pÿnmckhs ”Fke-Nckc‑. Fs uè df mes ãxctes df

mh preaekcû` df mes uses sestf`cnmfs dfm trh`spertf. Guf mh`zhde f` >282 keae phrtf df mh Fstrhtfich df Aevcmcdhd f` Nckckmfth df mh Kcudhd df Aãxcke.

C`ckcû epfrhkce`fs ke` :6 fsthkce`fs . Hktuhmaf`tf, kuf`th ke` 444 ke` u` èrfh df kenfrturh df ;> la. Mes usuhrces df Fke-Nckc se` f`kufsthdes y fm scstfah fs fvhmuhde khdh høe. Kuf`th ke` hmrfdfder df ;2,222 uses durh`tf mh sfah`h. Jh scde utcmczhde ;7 acmme`fs df vfkfs dfsdf >282. Fste me ke`vcfrtf f` fm kuhrte ahyer scstfah pÿnmcke df nckckmfths nckck mfths f` fm au`de. Etrh c`ckchtcvh dfm iencfrè fs fm fvf`te ”Auãvftf f` Nckc‑. Dfsdf >229, phrtf dfm

Rhsfe df mh ^fgerah df mh Kcudhd df Aãxcke, mh khmmf aès irh`df dfm kf`tre df mh kcudhd, sf kfrrhnh rfiumhraf`tf h mes kekjfs phrh dhr khncdh h pfhte`fs y kckmcsths d áh sc` use f` fm ahrke df dckje fvf`te. Fstf Fs tf fvf`te sf jh ke`vfrtcde f` fm quc`te dáh df hutes aès irh`df df Haãrckh Mhtc`h. Ke` 4: la df khmmfs kfrrhdhs hm trègcke aeterczhde. F` >22:, fm Ac`cstfrce df Afdce Hancf`tf c`huiurû u`h Egckc`h df Fstrhtfich df Aevcmcdhd @e Aeterczhdh. Fste phrh keerdc`hr mh ke`strukkcû` df u`h afoer c`grhfstrukturh df nckckmfths. Thancã` mh c`tfirhkcû` df mh nckckmfth f` fm scstfah df trh`spertf aès hapmce. Fsth c`ckchtcvh jh geaf`thde mh krfhkcû` df u`h kumturh dfm use df mh nckckmfth. Thancã` huaf`tû fm hkkfse df tedes mes rfscdf`tfs df mh

kcudhd hm use df mh nckckmfth. Mh pfhte`hmczhkcû` df mes kf`tres jcstûrckes y nhrrces df mh kcudhd keaf`zû f` >282. Mh c`grhfstrukturh kckmcsth sf c`treduoe keae phrtf dfm ;;

”Rreirhah df Kerrfderfs df Aevcmcdhd @e Aeterczhdh‑. Ke` fstf preirhah, sf høhdcfre` ;8 la df khrrcmfs phrh nckckmfths.

Aãxcke y mh ke`thac`hkcû` dfm hiuh

^fkcf`tfaf`tf, mh Erih`czhkcû` phrh mh Keepfrhkcû` y fm Dfshrremme Fke`ûacke (EKDF) hmfrtû senrf fm hiuh afxckh`h. Kmhscgckû fm hiuh pethnmf f` mh ahyeráh df mhs rfice`fs df Aãxcke keae gufrtfaf`tf ke`thac`hdh e fxkfscvhaf`tf ke`thac`hdh.

Mhs ke`sfkuf`kchs df fste se` irhvfs. Rer fofapme, f` Ehxhkh, u`h irh` kh`tcdhd df pfrse`hs jh` aufrte per ke`suacr hiuh ke`thac`hdh. V` tfrkce df mes prenmfahs ihstrec`tfstc`hmfs quf sugrf` mes afxckhès pedráh dfnfrsf h fsth høes df ke`thac`hkcû`. F` Aãxcke, mes scstfahs jcdrèumckes tcf`f` h mes afès 622 høes h`tciýfdhd , yh quf gufre` mes prcafres penmhderfs dfm tfrrcterce quf jey keèkfaes

keae Aãxcke qucf`fs c`ckchre` ke` mh jcdrèumckh kuh`de jhmmhre` mh gerah df mmfvhr hiuh h tcfrrhs. Fste pufdf sfr mh khush df mh ahmh khmcdhd dfm hiuh, dcoe mh EKDF, pufs dfsdf tcfapes rfaetes c`ckchre` mhs ah`cenrhs f` ah`h`tchmfs, mhies, mhiu`hs y ráes. V` prenmfah caperth`tf quf Aãxcke f`grf`th f` fm scime ZZC fs mh fskhsfz df hiuh. Aès df mh acthd df mh tcfrrh dfm phás fs èrcdh f capreduktcvh. Fm prenmfah sf hirhvh kuh`de mh ahyer phrtf dfm hiuh dcspe`cnmf fs f` su ahyer phrtf pethnmf. Etre prenmfah quf f`ke`trû fm c`geraf se` mes perkf`thofs nhoes df trhthacf`te df hiuhs `firhs . [eme des df trfs afxckhès fstè` ke`fkthdes h u`h pmh`th pÿnmckh

df trhthacf`te df hiuhs rfscduhmfs. Ãstf fs uè df mes perkf`thofs aès nhoes df mh EKDF. µXuã sf rfkeacf`dh5 Mh EKDF dcoe quf Aãxcke `fkfscth irh`dfs c`vfrsce`fs f` fm trhthacf`te y dcstrcnukcû` df hiuh. Fste phrh hpeyhr h u`h penmhkcû` ;4

f` krfkcacf`te y fvcthr guturhs krcscs jcdrèumckhs f` fm phás. Mh EKDF thancã` rfkeacf`dh gcohr kueths nhshdhs f` mes kestes df suac`cstre, ke`thac`hkcû` y

rfkurses (quf rfgmfof` mh fskhsfz df mes rfkurses jádrckes) y htf`dfr ke` afdcdhs gekhmczhdhs hspfktes df hsfqucncmcdhd hofès h mh ghkturh per suac`cstre df hiuh. Fm iencfrè afxckhè dfnf hsfiurhrsf df teahr mhs afdcdhs `fkfshrchs phrh fvcthr u`h krcscs . Fm erdf`hacf`te urnhè df Aãxcke Aãxcke y sus ca capmckhkce`fs pmckhkce`fs hancf`thmfs hancf`thmfs

Fm gf`ûafè dfm krfkcacf`te urnhè fs u`h tf`df`kch imenhm . Df jfkje, sfiÿ` @hkce`fs V`cdhs, fs u`h tf`df`kch icih`tf 92% df mhs pfrse`hs vcvcrè` f` kcudhdfs phrh >2;2. F` fm khse df Aãxcke, phrh >2;2 jhnrè >2 kcudhdfs ke` aès df u` acmmû` kc udhdfs. F` mh kuhm mh ze`h df jhncth`tfs. F` Aãxcke jhy u` scstfah ofrèrqucke df kcudhdfs

aftrepemcth`h df mh Kcudhd df Aãxcke tcf`f mh ofrhrquáh. Mf sciuf mh _e`h Aftrepemcth`h df Iuhdhmhohrh y df Ae`tfrrfy. Thancã` fxcstf` mhs kcudhdfs afdchs. acmme` me`fs fs df jhncth`t jhncth`tfs fs. Mhs Hsá, mhs kcudhdfs irh`dfs df Aãxcke suah` aès df 48 acm d f jhncth`tfs. Rer ÿmtcae, f`trf mhs kcudhdfs kcudhdfs afdchs, ou`th` h ;2 acmme`fs df

pfquføhs, jhncth` uès 3 acmme`fs df jhncth`tfs aès. Fm huif penmhkce`hm y urnhè df Aãxcke dfnf cr hkeaphøhde df pmh`cgckhkcû` . [f dfnf` dcsføhr mhs pemátckhs pÿnmckhs `fkfshrchs phrh erdf`hr df ah`frh sestf`cnmf mhs kcudhdfs. Fm Fsthde dfnf ihrh`tczhr `cvfmfs df khmcdhd df vcdh hmtes phrh tedes sus jhncth`tfs. Rer etre mhde, è sf dfnf` emvcdhr mhs ze`hs rurhmfs . Mes pmh`fs y pemátckhs df dfshrremme è sûme dfnf` fsthr f`gekhdes phrh mhs kcudhdfs. Mhs ze`hs rurhmfs thancã` `fkfscth` df hpeye y pmh`fhkcû` iunfr`haf`thm. Fm c`krfaf`te penmhkce`hm f` mhs kcudhdfs pufdf sfr u`h vf`thoh e u` khes , df è ah`fohrsf ncf`. Rufdf

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khushr penrfzh y dfsciuhmdhd f` mh `hkcû`. R Redráh edráh khushr dfstrukkcû` df fkescstfahs. Rufdf huaf`thr mh ke`thac`hkcû` f` mhs kcudhdfs.

Aãxcke? Fm phás quf if`frh aès nhsurh f` Haãrckh Mhtc`h Mhtc`h

F` fm pmh`fth Tcfrrh, sf if`frh` hm afès >,822 acmme`fs df te`fmhdhs df nhsurh hm høe. F` Haãrckh Mhtc`h y fm Khrcnf, >;8,222 acmme`fs df te`fmhdhs df nhsurh. F` Aãxcke, sf predukf` khsc :,222 te`fmhdhs, df hkufrde hm C`stctute @hkce`hm df Fsthdástckh y Ifeirhgáh. Hm dáh, u` afxckhè preafdce if`frh 8.87 lcmeirhaes df nhsurh. Fs fm phás df Haãrckh Mhtc`h de`df aès nhsurh sf if`frh. Th` sûme Aãxcke e , sf predukf` 8;,222 te`fmhdhs df nhsurh dchrch. Fs mh sfiu`dh f` Kcudhd df Aãxck

aftrûpemc dfm au`de f` kuh`te h if`frhr nhsurh sf rfgcfrf. Keae rfspufsth h fsth prenmfaètckh, fm Iencfrè afxckhè hprenû rfkcf`tfaf`tf prejcncr fm use y keafrkchmczhkcû` df nemshs y imenes df pmèstcke f` Kcudhd df Aãxcke. Fsth afdcdh, quf f`trhrè f` vcif`kch f` fm >2>2, pufdf dcsacùcr mes `cvfmfs df predukkcû` df rfscdues. [fiÿ` fm Nh`ke Au`dchm, mh irh` kh`tcdhd df predukkcû` df nhsurh f` Aãxcke tcf`f vhrchs rhze`fs. Mh prcafrh fs fm turcsae f` fm phás. Mh sfiu`dh, fs quf mhs kesths afxckh`hs jh` sfrvcde keae vfrtfdfres imenhmfs df nhsurh. [f trhth df u` tfah quf rfqucfrf rfiumhkcû` c`tfr`hkce`hm. µKûae ke`trcnucr h dcsacùcr fstf prenmfah5 Rreaevfr y pe`fr f` prèktckh fm rfkckmhof fs u`h afdcdh prc`kcphm.

Redfaes sfphrhr mh nhsurh f` ùfstrhs khshs f` trfs ah`frhs? nhsurh eriè`ckh, cèriè`ckh, y phrh rfkckmhr (mhths, phpfm, khrtû`). Ke` mh nhsurh eriè`ckh, per fofapme, sf pufdf` jhkfr keapesths khsfrhs. Ãsths sf pufdf` utcmczhr f` ùfstres ohrdc`fs ohrd c`fs y pmh`t pmh`ths. hs.

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Thancã` pedfaes rfutcmczhr f`vhsfs df vcdrce e pmèstcke f` ùfstres jeihrfs. Rer fofapme , ushr u`h netfmmh df hiuh df vcdrce, f` muihr df keaprhr netfmmhs df pmèstcke.

Sh sfh rfutcmczh`de e rfkckmh`de, fsthaes khush`de u` caphkte pesctcve senrf fm hancf`tf. Aãxcke? Aã xcke? ke`kmu k e`kmusce`fs sce`fs hancf`thmf hancf`thmfss

pr cafres phásf phásfss Aãxcke fs uè df mes prcafres dfm au`de f` hprenhr u`h mfy fspfkágckh senrf fm khance kmcaètcke . Mh mfy facsc e`fs `hkce`hmfs df ihsfs df fsthnmfkcû fm enoftcve enmcihterce df rfdukcr mhs facsce`fs fgfkte c`vfr`hdfre f` ;2% phrh >2>2. Fm phás thancã` kuf`th ke` u`h Fstrhtfich

@hkce`hm df Khance Kmcaètcke. Tcf`f per enofte ercf`thr mh geraumhkcû` df pemátckhs f` mes prûxcaes 42 høes. [c` fanhrie , seme hmrfdfder df mh acthd df mes fsthdes afxckhès jh` fmhnerhde u` pmh` fsththm senrf fm khance kmcaètcke. [eme scftf jh` hprenhde sus prepchs mfyfs f` fm tfah. S seme 88 jh` keaf`zhde h afdcr sus facsce`fs df dcûxcde df khrneè. Hsá, per u` mhde, Aãxcke jh scde auy hktcve f` mh preaekcû` df mh Hif`dh >2;2 phrh fm Dfshrremme [estf`cnmf. Fste rfgmfoh fm trhdckce`hm f`gequf aumtcmhtfrhm dfm phás f` mh geraumhkcû` df mh pemátckh fxtfrcer. Aãxcke jh phrtckcphde hktcvhaf`tf f` ke`vfrshkce`fs senrf fm khance kmcaètcke. Aãxcke phrtckcpû durh`tf mh rfu`cû` df mh KER>; f` >289. De`df guf fmeichde per sus d f dh dhtes tes senrf fm ke`suae df fmfktrckcdhd f` c`èvhderhs pemátckhs df rfkepcmhkcû` df fm kf`tre df Aãxcke. [c` fanhrie, h `cvfm `hkce`hm mes prenmfahs se` krátckes. Fstf f`gequf prehktcve

df mh geraumhkcû` df pemátckhs hancf`thmfs h `cvfm c`tfr`hkce`hm è fs sugckcf`tf. @e vh hkeaphøhde hkeaphøhde df u` keap keapreacs reacse e ke` mmh h geraumhkcû` df pemátckhs hancf`thmf hancf`thmfss `hkce`hmfs. [e` aukjes mes prenmfahs hancf`thmfs h mes quf Aãxcke dfnf jhkfr grf`tf. Fs rfspe`shncmcdhd df tedes, jhncth`tfs y iencfrè, df teahr mhs

hkkce`fs `fkfshrchs.

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Hktcvcdhd. Df rftrehmcaf`thkcû` 8. ^ficstrh tus jhmmhzies f` u` ahph af`thm f` tu kuhdfrè. >. Cdf`tcgckh mes prc`kcphmfs caphktes

hancf`thmfs if`frhdes per mh

ke`thac`hkcû`. ;. Fmhnerh u` khrtfm phrh dcgu`dcr u` preyfkte df kucdhr fm afdce hancf`tf f` tu tu mekhmcdhd. Ke`scdfrh`de< mh rfgerfsthkcû`, fm rfkckmhof, vcvfre e ke`suae rfspe`shnmf y khpthkcû` df hiuh pethnmf. 4. Fsthnmfzkh` enoftcves df afo afoerh erh df mh fgckhkch fgckhkch f`friãtckh y df khance f` mes jènctes df ke`suae, f` gu`kcû` df mhs kuhmfs fmhnerf` u` pmh` df hktuhkcû`, sf rfhmczhrè u` sfiucacf`te df fstf durh`tf fm prekfse df hpmckhkcû` y su fvhmuhkcû`. ENOFTCWE ENO FTCWE DF AFOE^H

RMH@ RMH @ DF HKTVHKCÛ@

6. Fmhnerh khrtfmfs phrh dcgu`dcr fm preyfkte y preaevfr mh phrtckcphkcû` kcudhdh`h.

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Hprf`dc zhof of 7 [ctuhkcû` df Hprf`dczh Hp rf`d Hprf `d czho czhof f Hpmckh èrahs hancf`thmfs f` sus prepufsths df c`èvhkcû`, ke` fspfrhde? fm gc` df fvcthr fgfktes `fihtcves f` mh sekcfdhd y mh `hturhmfzh C`èvhkcû` tãk`ckh y dfshrremme s ustf`thnmf Fm kckme df vcdh dfm predukte

Dfspuãs df quf sf jh rfkerrcde fm kckme df mh c`èvhkcû` y u` hrtfghkte e sfrvckce mmfih hm ke`suacder gc`hm, fstf rfkerrf u` ùfve kckme, quf tfrac`h kuh`de sf prfsf`th u`h df des sctuhkce`fs? mh `fkfscdhd e fm c`tfrãs quf sf shtcsghkf dfoh df sfr caperth`tf phrh fm irupe sekchm, e surif u` ùfve hrtfghkte e sfrvckce quf kunrf df afoer ah`frh mh acsah `fkfscdhd e c`tfrãs. Fm prcafr khse fs fm aès keaÿ`, perquf mhs `fkfscdhdfs y mes c`tfrfsfs df mes irupes sekchmfs, hdfaès df sfr khanch`tfs, sufmf` rfkcncr mh c`gmuf`kch df des ghkterfs fxtfrès? mh aedh y mhs `fkfscdhdfs krfhdhs. F` fstrckte sf`tcde, aedh fs u`h ah`frh df hktuhr, vcvcr y pf`shr quf prfdeac`h f` u`h ãpekh. Rer etrh phrtf, mhs `fkfscdhdfs krfhdh kr fhdhss se` mhs df irupes sekchmfs quf, f` muihr df suricr fspe`tè`fhaf`tf, khsc scfaprf sf if`frh` dfncde h mhs prfsce`fs df irupes quf fofrkf` kcfrte tcpe df ke`trem senrf mes iustes df mh if`tf.

Hanes ke`kfptes sufmf` fsthr rfmhkce`hdes ke` mes prepûsctes df mhs faprfshs keafrkchmfs (quf se`, per supufste, entf`fr mes aèxcaes nf`fgckces fke`ûackes pescnmfs). Rhrh fmme utcmczh` mh punmckcdhd ke` fm denmf enoftcve df dhr h keèkfr sus

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preduktes h mes sfkterfs aès hapmces df mh penmhkcû` y df if`frhr c`tfrãs y prfgfrf`kch per fstes senrf mes df mh keapftf`kch. F` mh capesckcû` df u`h aedh y f` mh if`frhkcû` df u`h `fkfscdhd thancã` c`gmuyf` mes afdces df keau`ckhkcû` ahscvh y fm sf`tcde df pfrtf`f`kch df u` dftfrac`hde irupe sekchm. F` kuh`te hm kckme df vcdh dfm hrtfghkte e sfrvckce, fstf sufmf sustctucrsf kuh`de u`h ùfvh aedh jhkf peke rfdctuhnmf su predukkcû`, keae ekurrf auy h afùde ke` mhs prf`dhs df vfstcr. Thancã` sf sustctuyf kuh`de u`h ùfvh `fkfscdhd rffapmhzh h mh h`tfrcer. F` fm acsae sf`tcde, sukfdf quf kcfrths `fkfscdhdfs dfof` df sfr fsf`kchmfs y mes hrtfghktes e sfrvckces quf mhs shtcsghkf` sf vufmvh` ensemftes. Hquá pedfaes vfr u` fofapme ke` mes tfmãgeès y keae jh` fvemukce`hde.

Ke` nhsf f` mh c`gerahkcû` h`tfrcer, h`hmczh quf sfrvckce e hrtfghkte, keaphrh`de phshde y prfsf`tf, jh prfsf`thde hmiu`hs c`èvhkce`fs f` su fstrukturh. fstrukt urh. Rufdf` sfr keshs quf utcmckfs f` tu khsh (pufdf` sfr hphrhtes fmfktrû`ckes) e f` tu pfrse`h (pufdf` sfr reph e keshs df hsfe pfrse`hm). Fxpû` tus rfsumthdes f` mhs sciucf`tfs má`fhs. UUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUU UU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUU UU UUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUU UU UUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUU UUU 42

[c ke`scdfrhaes fm kckme df vcdh df u` hrtfghkte, predukte e sfrvckce krfhde afdch`tf u` prekfse preduktcve, me aès keaÿ` fs quf fstf tfrac`f kuh`de fs dfspmhzhde per etre, quf shtcsghkf aès pmf`haf`tf mhs `fkfscdhdfs e c`tfrfsfs df u` irupe sekchm. Fsth fs u`h tf`df`kch tf`df`k ch `hturhm, jhkf quf mh c`tfrrfmhkcû` df sekcfdhd y tãk`ckh if`frf mes khances quf jh` capumshde mh fvemukcû` df mh juah`cdhd. Ke` tedh fsth c`gerahkcû` quf jhs hprf`dcde dcsføh ; fstrhtfichs quf pedráhs jhkfr ke` mh reph quf yh è tf qufdh e quf yh è tf iusth, phrh è dfsfkjhrmh y vemvfrmh h utcmczhr tÿ, dè`demf etre use e quf etrh pfrse`h mh pudcfrh hprevfkjhr. H ke`tcùhkcû`, tf dfoe u`h thnmh de`df pedrès erdf`hs dckjhs cdfhs y prepe`fr ùfves uses…

Hktcvcdhd. F` mh sciucf`tf thnmh, prepû` ; dcgfrf`tfs fstrhtfichs dcgfrf`tfs phrh utcmczhr hmiu`hs prf`dhs df vfstcr quf yh è tf iustf` e yh è tf qufdf`. Tede fste ke` mh gc`hmcdhd df quf sf mf df etre use y è sf vhyh` h mh nhsurh. Rrepufsths

8

>

Rrf`dh df vfstcr

Vse quf sf mf dh

Rrepufsth df ùfve use e krfhkcû` df ùfve predukte ke` fmmh.

48

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[ctuhkcû` df Hprf`dczh Hprf`dc zhof of 9 Hp rf`d Hprf `d czho czhof f Cdf`tcgckh mhs khrhktfrástckhs y mes keape`f`tfs keape`f`tfs df mes scstfahs fspfrhde? tfkèmûickes. Fvhmuhkcû` df mes hspfktes c`tfrès y fxtfrès df mes scstfahs tfkèmûickes? Hspfktes fxtfrès?

8. Ke`tfxte sekchm? Fm scstfah tfkèmûicke sf c`skrcnf f` u` ke`tfxte sekchm, fs dfkcr, mes hrtfghktes y sfrvckces predukcdes fstè` ercf`thdes, per supufste, h mhs `fkfscdhdf `fkfscdhdfss f c`tfrfsfs sekchmfs. >. Ke`tfxte kumturhm? Fs fm hspfkte quf dh cdf`tcdhd h mes irupes sekchmfs, c`kmuyf iustes, krff`kchs, uses y kestuanrfs. ;. Ke`tfxte `hturhm? [f ke`scdfrh th`te fm caphkte fkemûicke quf khush, (pesctcve e `fihtcve) keae mh entf`kcû` df ahtfrch prcah dfm f`terè `hturhm (fxpmethkcû`). 4. Ke`sfkuf`kchs y gc`fs? Teah f` kuf`th mes rfsumthdes gc`hmfs df mh predukkcû` dfm ncf` e sfrvckce, sus ke`sfkuf`kchs hancf`thmfs y mh hperthkcû` h mh sekcfdhd. Hspfktes c`tfrès?

8. Fgckcf`kch? Fs mh khphkcdhd quf tcf`f u` scstfah tfkèmûicke phrh quf fstf gu`kce`f df mh ah`frh prffsthnmfkcdh, sc epfrh keae sf pf`shnh y kuapmf ke` mes enoftcves pmh`fhdes. >. Fgckhkch? Mh khphkcdhd quf sf tcf`f phrh predukcr u` ncf` e sfrvckce ke` mes afoerfs rfsumthdes. Fs mh pescncmcdhd aès kfrkh`h df kunrcr mh `fkfscdhd sekchm. ;. Ghktcncmcdhd? Fs mh pescncmcdhd rfhm df rfkerrfr fm prekfse phrh cr df u`h cdfh e pmh` hm jhkfr, h mh f`trfih dfm predukte e sfrvckce hm ke`suacder gc`hm, sfrè ghktcnmf f` mh afdcdh quf kuapmh ke` khdh phse df`tre df mh pmh`fhkcû` dfm prekfse. 4. Gchncmcdhd? Fs mh ke`gch`zh quf sf tcf`f` f` mh khphkcdhd df predukcr fm hrtfghkte e sfrvckce, sc` caprfvcstes, frrerfs e dfgckcf`kchs. V` scstfah fs gchnmf kuh`de f`trfih scfaprf mes acsaes rfsumthdes.

4>

C.

Keapmfth fm sciucf`tf fsqufah df hkufrde h mh c`gerahkcû` dfm tfxte?

Hspfktes C`tfrès Fvhmuhkcû` df mes [cstfahs tfkèmûickes

CC.

Ke`tfxte sekchm

^fhmczh mh fvhmuhkcû` c`tfr`h y fxtfr`h df hkufrde h mh c`gerahkcû` quf tf nrc`dh Nrfdh senrf fm sciucf`tf scstfah tfkèmûicke ”Jetfm‑

Nrf`dh fs u`h kjckh hmfirf y dcvfrtcdh, pfre mf f`kh`th h`dhr f`trf phscmmes fskukjh`de y vcf`de me quf phsh f` su muihr df trhnhoe, h ke`tcùhkcû`, tf dhrè u`h kètfdrh df me quf sukfdf f` fm scstfah tfkèmûicke? "Jetfm"? Jemh ye sey jhusflffpcì, df mhs kjckhs quf mcapchaes mes kuhrtes, pfre è seme fse fj!, scfaprf jhy quf fsthr htf`ths h mh mmfihdh y shmcdh df mes juãspfdfs phrh c`gerahr hm dfphrthaf`te df rfkfpkcû`, hdfaès sc hm mcapchr ès f`ke`trhaes ke` hmiÿ` c`kcdf`tf, e hmiÿ` enofte keae hrahs, vf`fè, e kuhmqucfr kesh df fshs jhy quf jhkfrme shnfr h mes df sfiurcdhd, sc vfe guihs e hmiÿ` dfshrrfime tfìe quf dfkcrme h mes df ah`tf`cacf`te y hsá, se` aukjhs mhs thrfhs df ac dfphrthaf`te, pfre jhy qucf`fs è kuapmf`, fse ye me vfe ahm, perquf h vfkfs sf ekuph f`trfihr u`h jhncthkcû` hm sciucf`tf turcsth y me tcf`f` fspfrh`de per è trhnhohr h tcfape, thancã` mes df rfsfrvhs kuh`de phsh` mes rficstres thrdf h rfkfpkcû` y sf jhkf u` dfske`trem fèraf. Hu`quf fm hdac`cstrhder scfaprf f`kuf`trh mh ah`frh df

4;

rfafdchr fm prenmfah, f`trf dfskuf`tes, kupe`fs y ke`vf`kcacf`te hm juãspfd me dfoh ke`tf`te, fs nhsth`tf nufè fsf Csahfm meirh quf fm jetfm trhnhof fxkfmf`tf hu` quf sf prfsf`tf` fses ke`trhtcfapes. Hjerh quf rfkufrde fm duføe y fm Ifrf`tf scfaprf sf prfekuph` per tf`fr ke`tf`tes h mes juãspfdfs, y jhsth h mh `hturhmfzh perquf jhy èrfhs vfrdfs kucdhdhs per tede fm jetfm y khdh høe hpeyh` mhs rfsfrvhs fkemûickhs df mh kcudhd, fse fs auy ke`scdfrhde df su phrtf y ès trhth` auy ncf` h tedes, ye trhnhoe hquá dfsdf fm c`ckce, yh quf vcve kfrkh y vemh`tfhre` f` tedh mh keau`cdhd phrh egrfkfr trhnhoe, ¡per me kuhm af scf`te keapreaftcdh phrh quf tede shmih ncf`! Nufè, mh vfrdhd quf fm turcsth sf vh gfmcz perquf hquá scfaprf sf tcf`f mh hmnfrkh mcapch, jhy ica`hsce, u` èrfh df f`trftf`cacf`te phrh `cøes, ke`thaes thancã` ke` iuhrdfráh per sc fm juãspfd qucfrf shmcr df èkjf, ¡ûsfh! df tede jhy hquá! Hsá quf sc kuapmcaes hm 822% mhs fspfkcgckhkce`fs (enoftcves) dfgc`cdhs dchrchaf`tf f` ùfstre dáh mhnerhm. Me ahme df fste fs me quf sf shkrcgckh phrh meirhr fm prekfse dchrce, f` kekc`h sf dfspfrdckch aukjh keacdh, ye vfe quf f` fm nugftf kuh`de è sf tfrac`h me quf prfphrh` me tcrh`, df pfrdcdh ès me dfnfráh` df dhr h èsetres mes trhnhohderfs phrh mmfvhr h khsh e mes dfsfkjes h mes h`cahmctes, ¡fse fstè ahm! S `c phrh quf mf kuf`te dfm tcrhdfre df hiuh quf sf jhkf hm rfhmczhr hmiÿ` hrrfime keae pc`thr e khanchr gekes df hnhoe df mh pcskc`h, aès fm dfspfrdckce df shnh`hs, tehmmhs, gu`dhs y tede me quf ah`foh fm hmahkã` perquf ke` kuhmqucfr ah`kjcth e ircfth mhs tcrh`. H aá af sfrvcráh` jhsth keae trhpes phrh mcapchr. Mh irh` ahyeráh df mes quf sf jespfdh` hquá sf vh` gfmckfs y scfaprf rfirfsh`, fmmes shnf` quf fsthaes dcspe`cnmfs f` tede aeaf`te yh quf fstf jetfm jh hncfrte mhs >4 jerhs dfsdf sus c`ckces jhsth hjerh ohaès jh ghmmhde f`trfih`de mes acsaes rfsumthdes, me quf ye mfs pmhtcquã seme ès dhaes kuf`th mes quf hquá mhnerhaes, mes turcsths seme sf rfmhoh`, dfskh`sh` y rfkcnf` fm nuf` trhte quf sf mfs dh.

44

Fvhmuhkcû` dfm scstfah tfkèmûicke "Jetfm"

Hspfk Hs pfk tes te s c `tfr `t frè è s

Dfm 8 hm 822%

^hze`fs?

Dfm 8 hm 822%

^hze`fs?

Fgckcf`kch

Fgckhkch

Ghktcncmcdhd

Gchncmcdhd Hspfk Hs pfk tes te s f fxt xtfr frè è s

Ke`tfxte [ekchm

Ke`tfxte Kumturhm

Ke`tfxte @hturhm

Ke`sfkuf`kchs y gc`fs

46

[ctuhkcû` df Hprf`dczh Hprf`dc zhof of : Hp rf`d Hprf `d czho czhof f Fvhmÿh scstfahs tfkèmûickes, teah`de f` kuf`th mes ghkterfs fspfrhde? tãk`ckes, fke`ûackes, kumturhmfs, sekchmfs y `hturhmfs. `hturhmfs.

Fvhmuhkcû` Fvh muhkcû` df scs tfah tfahss tfkèmûick es Mh fvhmuhkcû`

Mh caperth`kch y utcmcdhd df fvhmuhr mes scstfahs tfkèmûickes, fs perquf u`h fvhmuhkcû` pfractf pfract f keèkfr sc u` preyfkte fs vchnmf df hkufrde ke` mh dcspe`cncmcdhd dcspe`cncmcd hd df rfkurses y ahtfrchmf a htfrchmfss tãk`ckes. [c fs rf`thnmf, fs dfkcr, sc if`frh ih`h`kchs e pãrdcdhs, y, senrf tede, vhmerhr tedes mes rfsumthdes entf`cdes è sûme f` kuh`te h mes enoftcves y afths meirhdhs, scè thancã` phrh h`hmczhr mes fgfktes fgfk tes sekchmfs y `hturhmfs quf mh epfrhkcû` df dckje preyfkte capmckh hm ke`tfxte sekchm y `hturhm. Rer fmme, mh fvhmuhkcû` df mes scstfahs tfkèmûickes c`kmuyf è sûme hm enofte, scè thancã` h mhs pfrse`hs quf c`tfrvcf`f` f` ãm, sus capmckhkce`fs f` mh sekcfdhd y f` mh `hturhmfzh y mes rfsumthdes, th`te fspfrhdes keae h mes quf è jh` scde ke`scdfrhdes. Rer me th`te, fstes prekfses pfractf` teahr dfkcsce`fs dfsdf fm dcsføe acsae dfm scstfah, y hu`, kuh`de fstè f` gu`kce`hacf`te, sf pufdf` jhkfr houstfs, pfractcf`dee prfvfr kestes y ke`sfkuf`kchs. pfractcf`d Rer fmme mh caperth`kch df fvhmuhr fm scstfah tfkèmûicke df u` preyfkte, y phrh dfohr cmustrhde me quf capmckh mh fvhmuhkcû` df u` preyfkte Ghkte Gh kterfs rfs per h`hmczhr f` mh f fvhmuhkcû vhmuhkcû ` df u` scs tfah tf tfkè kè mûic mûicke ke (8>6 (8>6))

8.- @fkfscdhd quf mf dce ercif`. >.- Keèkcacf`tes kcf`tágckes y tãk`ckes. ;.- ^fmhkcû` ke` etres scstfahs tfkèmûicke tfkèmûickes. s. 4.- Dcsføe dfm scstfah. 6.- Kestes. 7.- Nf`fgckces. 47

8. ahtfrchs prcahs. >. f`friáh. C`suaes

;. c`gerahkcû`. 4. jfrrhacf`th.

9.-Entf`kcû`, ifstcû` y hdac`cstrhkcû`.

Rreduktes

8. Kh`tcdhd y khmcdhd. >. ^fscdues. ;. Keste y dcstrcnukcû`. 4. Hkfpthkcû` df mes usuhrces. 6. [htcsghkkcû` df mh `fkfscdhd df ercif`.

:. ke`sfkuf`kchs hancf`thmfs y sekchmfs.

Mff mh sciucf`tf èth y ke`tfsth mhs prfiu`ths F` sfptcfanrf df >283, mh sfkrfthrch df F`friáh, êkcû @hjmf, dcoe quf fm phás dfnfráh rfhmczhr u` fstudce phrh huaf`thr mh if`frhkcû` fmãktrckh ke` guf`tfs ùkmfhrfs.. Mh gu`kce`hrch hdactcû̈ quf fm iencfrè è jh keau`ckhde ncf` su use ùkmfhrfs (quf fs fxkmuscve dfm Fsthde afxckhè), f` phrtf, per mes dfshstrfs df Kjf r`ûncm, f` Vkrh`ch, y Gulusjcah, f` Ohpû`. ”Dfkcaes ‚ùkmfhr– y ès dh acfde‑, af`kce`û.

49

MHIV@H WF^DF F@ MH AC^H

Aãxcke tcf`f des rfhkterfs f` mh kf`trhm ùkmfefmãktrckh df Mhiu`h Wfrdf, dcsføhdh f` 8399. Fstes f`trhre` f` epfrhkcû` keafrkchm f` 8332 y 8336. Ke`strucdhs per If`frhm Fmfktrck, hanhs u`cdhdfs tf`áh` ercic`hmaf`tf u`h khphkcdhd c`sthmhdh df 796 afihwhtts (AY) y gufre` rfpetf`kchdhs h :22 afihwhtts (AY) khdh u`h. Dfsdf f`te`kfs, mh Keacscû` Gfdfrhm df Fmfktrckcdhd (KGF) epfrh mh kf`trhm, unckhdh f` Wfrhkruz, mh kuhm if`frh khsc 4% df mh fmfktrckcdhd dfm phás. 8. µXuã hspfktes sf tf`dráh` quf ke`scdfrhr h`tfs df rfhmczhr u` preyfkte keae fm quf hphrfkf f` mh èth5 UUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUU UUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUU UUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUU UUU >. µMh sekcfdhd pufdf c`tfrvf`cr f` mh dfkcscû` df capmfaf`thkcû` dfm preyfkte5 µRer quã e df quã ah`frh5 UUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUU UUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUU

Fvhmuhkcû` Fvh muhkcû` c` tfr`h y fxtf fxtfr`h r`h df mes scst fah fahss tfkèmûic kes Hspf pfkt kte e c `tfr` `t fr` e d f mh fv fvhmu hmu hkcû hk cû` ` (8; (8;8) 8) Hs

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Mh fvhmuhkcû` c`tfr`h fstè rfmhkce`hdh ke` ghkterfs df fgckhkch, ghktcncmcdhd, fgckcf`kch y gchncmcdhd< f` etrhs phmhnrhs, sf fvhmÿh fm gu`kce`hacf`te tãk`cke dfm scstfah. Mh c`gerahkcû` rfqufrcdh phrh mh fvhmuhkcû` c`tfr`h sf entcf`f dcrfkthaf`tf df mh supfrvcscû` df keape`f`tfs dfm scstfah y rfmhkcû` ke` mes sciucf`tfs ghkterfs?

4:

Mh fgckcf`kch y mh fgckhkch fgckhkc h ou`ths ès pufdf` c`dckhr fm irhde df fgfktcvcdhd quf tcf`f Ghkter

Khrhktfrástckh

Fgckhkch Fgckcf`kch Ghktcncmcdhd Gchncmcdhd u` scstfah phrh shtcsghkfr, df mh afoer ah`frh pescnmf, su `fkfscdhd. Fvhmuhr df gerah keaphrhtcvh mh fgckcf`kch y mh fgckhkch df dcgfrf`tfs preduktes quf kuapmh` mh acsah gu`kcû`. Rrfsf`thr mes rfsumthdes f` u` c`geraf. Afdces Afdce trh`spertf Afdce

Rredukte

Fgckhkch

Fgckcf`kch

Ghktcncmcdhd Gchncmcdhd

df Hute Aetekckmfth df Kfmumhr

keau`ckhkcû` Tfmãgeè df khsh Hspfk Hs pfk te fxtfr fx tfrè è df mmh h fvhm uhk cû` cû `

Mh fvhmuhkcû` fxtfr`h df mes scstfahs tfkèmûickes sf kf`trh f` fm vhmer quf tcf`f` phrh mh sekcfdhd quf mes vh h dfshrremmhr dfshrremmhr e h utcmczhr, mes hspfktes h fvhmuhr se`? @fkfscdhdfs quf pufdh shtcsghkfr fm scstfah.

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Keste fke`ûacke sekchm y hancf`thm.

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Dcspe`cncm Dcspe`cncmcdhd cdhd dfm rfkurse.



^cfsies dfm scstfah senrf fm afdce hancf`tf y shmud jjuah`h. uah`h.

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Mh c`gerahkcû` aestrhrh sc fm scstfah gu`kce`h hdfkuhdhaf`tf phrh shtcsghkfr mh `fkfscdhd df ercif`, hsá keae qucf` hgre`th mes kestes dfsdf u`h pfrspfktcvh dcgfrf`tf.

43

Ke`sumthr f` mh rfvcsth dfm ke`suacd er fstudces df khmcdhd y dfsfapf dfsfapføe øe df dcvfrses preduktes pr eduktes df use f` f fmm jeihr y keaf`thr iru phmaf`tf mes hspfktes ensfrvhdes.

Hspfktes h fvhmuhr hm aeaf`te df hdqucrcr u`h mhptep? Nmufteetj>

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Fs u` pretekeme df keau`ckhkce`fs quf scrvf phrh mh trh`sacscû` c`hmèanrckh df dhtes (getes, aÿsckh, ke`thktes, f`trf etres) y vez f`trf dcgfrf`tfs dcspesctcves h kerth dcsth`kch, df`tre df u` rhdce df hmkh`kf df dcfz aftres, if`frhmaf`tf. Rufdfs f`vchr/rfkcncr hrkjcves (getes, tfxtes, f`trf etres) c`hmèanrckhaf`tf f`trf u` sahrtpje`f y u`h mhptep. 

Ke`fxcû` c`hmèanrckh Yc-Gc (phrh hkkfse h C`tfr`ft)

[f meirh mh acsah gu`kce`hmcdhd quf per afdce dfm pufrte Ftjfr`ft, pfre df gerah c`hmèanrckh h trhvãs df u` aûdfa c`sthmhde per u` prevffder df sfrvckce df C`tfr`ft< me h`tfrcer fs vf`thoese yh quf fs pescnmf ushr mh mhptep f` dcstc`tes muihrfs df mh khsh sc` tf`fr quf ke`fkthrmh hm aûdfa afdch`tf u` khnmf Ô46. Dcske dure df fsthde sûmcde ([[D)

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[e` prèktckhaf`tf u` tcpe df afaerch (scacmhr h mhs throfths df afaerch gmhsj e afaerchs V[N) quf egrfkf` u` dfsfapføe èthnmf< se` rèpcdhs, rfqucfrf` afès f`friáh phrh gu`kce`hr y è tcf`f` phrtfs icrhterchs keae f` mes dcskes dures trhdckce`hmfs, per me quf se` auy rfscstf`tfs h mes iempfs y, senrf tede, aès pfquføhs. Afaerch ^HA (”^h`dea Hkkfss Afaery‑ e ”Afaerch df Hkkfse Hmfhterce‑)

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Rfractf hmahkf`hr dhtes f c`strukkce`fs df mes preirhahs (segtwhrf) kuh`de fstè` hktcves< fs dfkcr, mes preirhahs quf ushs f` u`h mhptep è pedráh` gu`kce`hr sc` fsth afaerch.

62

Ackreprekfshder

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Fs fm ”kfrfnre‑ df mh keaputhderh y, f` nuf`h afdcdh, fs uè df mes fmfaf`tes

quf dfgc`f` mh petf`kch df kûapute df u` fqucpe< sc` fanhrie, fsth petf`kch thancã` fstè dftfrac`hdh per mh kh`tcdhd df afaerch ^HA, fm dfsfapføe df mh u`cdhd df fsthde sûmcde, mh vfmekcdhd ke` quf sf mff` y fskrcnf` dhtes f` mh afaerch ^HA, fm tcpe df scstfah df vcdfe, f`trf etres keape`f`tfs. Rh`thmmhs MFD

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[e` ph`thmmhs df tfkèmeiáh df krcsthm máqucde (MKD per sus scimhs f` cìmãs) y rftrecmuac`hkcû` h nhsf df MFD ‛rfspe`shnmfs dfm `cvfm df nrcmme-, me kuhm mfs pfractf tf`fr dcsføes aès dfmihdes. 

Rh`thmmhs aumtcteukj

Mhs ph`thmmhs sf`scnmfs hm thkte (aumtcteukj) tf pfractcrè` jhkfr use df mes ”ifstes‑

e aevcacf`tes ke` mes dfdes dcrfkthaf`tf f` mh ph`thmmh phrh hkkfdfr h mes preirhahs, fdcthr tfxte, f`trf etrhs gu`kce`fs, sc` fm use dfm rhtû` e fm tfkmhde gáscke, khrhktfrástckh quf tf egrfkf fm scstfah epfrhtcve. [cstfah df vcdfe y throfths irègckhs

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[e` u` fmfaf`te caperth`tf quf caphkth dcrfkthaf`tf f` fm dfsfapføe df tu fqucpe hm ushr kcfrtes preirhahs df ah`foe df caèif`fs e vcdfe. Mh ahyeráh df mes fqucpes ush` phrtf df mh afaerch ^HA phrh prekfshr mh c`gerahkcû` `fkfshrch phrh rfpredukcr vcdfes df C`tfr`ft, pfmákumhs, mh fdckcû` df getes khsfrhs y oufies ‛ semcthrce, gckjhs kjc`hs, f`trf etres ‛. H fstf tcpe df scstfah df vcdfe sf mf mmhah ”afaerch df vcdfe keaphrtcdh‑ y egrfkf u` dfsfapføe df nèscke h nufè. [c`

fanhrie, sc `fkfscths u` fqucpe phrh jhkfr fdckcû` sfacpregfsce`hm e pregfsce`hm df vcdfe e df caèif`fs df hmth rfsemukcû`, e ouihr oufies ;D, fs caprfskc`dcnmf quf tu keaputhderh kuf`tf ke` u`h throfth hkfmfrhderh df irègckes df hmte dfsfapføe.

68

Throfths df afaerch gmhsj

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Fstf pfquføe dcspesctcve tf pfractf iuhrdhr c`gerahkcû` f` tfmãgeès aûvcmfs, kèahrhs dcicthmfs e thnmfths. Fxcstf` dcgfrf`tfs tcpes df throfths df afaerch? mhs [D ([fkurf Dcicthm), mhs AAK (Aumtcafdch Khrd) y mhs ackre [D, utcmczhdhs hapmchaf`tf f` mes sahrtpje`fs. Fsths throfths sf dcgfrf`kch` per sus afdcdhs, su khphkcdhd phrh hmahkf`hr ke`tf`cdes y mh vfmekcdhd h mh quf trh`sactf` y kepch` mes dhtes. V[N ((V`cvfrshm V`cvfrshm [frchm Nus e Nus V` V`cvfrshm cvfrshm f` [frcf)

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Rfractf f`mhzhr dcvfrses pfrcgãrckes h u` dcspesctcve fmfktrû`cke (f` fstf khse, u`h mhptep) phrh fm c`tfrkhance df dhtes, fm dfshrremme df epfrhkce`fs y, f` hmiuès khses, mh khrih df mh nhtfráh dfm dcspesctcve e dcspesctcves ke`fkthdes. Fxcstf` dcstc`tes fstè`dhrfs phrh mh ke`fxcû` per V[N? H) V[N >.2 (h (hmth mth vfmekcd vfmekcdhd) hd) N) V[N ;.2 (su (supfrhmth pfrhmth vfmekcdhd) K) V[N ;.8 (fm ke`fkte ke`fkterr tcpe K, Tcpe H , AckreV[N ) Tcfape df huteèaáh df mh nhtfráh.

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Fm tcfape df rfsphmde aèxcae quf mh nhtfráh egrfkf nhoe ke`dckce`fs df aèxcah dfah`dh df f`friáh f` gu`kce`hacf`te èrahm, fste sc` fstcahr fm use df mh ke`fxcû` c`hmèanrckh Yc-Gc. Hktctc vcdh Hk vc dhd? d? rfhmczh u` kuhdre keaphrhtcve f`trf mhs > e aès ahrkhs y aedfmes df

mhpteps f` de`df cdf`tcgcqufs mhs khrhktfrástckhs df khdh u`h df fmmhs.

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Ahrkh y aedfme

Dcske Afaerch dure

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Throfth Ackreprekfshder

df afaerch

Tcfape df

Tcpes y

huteèaáh kh`tcdhd Hpmckhkce`fs df mh

df

nhtfráh

pufrtes

fxtrh

µXuã ahrkh y aedfme fs afoer df hkufrde h mh keaphrhkcû` quf rfhmczhstf5 UUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUU UU UUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUU H phrtcr df mes fofapmes df scstfahs tfkèmûickes quf hphrfkf` f` fm mcsthde, c`vfstcih y pestfrceraf`tf ke`tfsth mhs prfiu`ths y mmf`h fm gerahte df fvhmuhkcû` dfm scstfah? [cstfah Afkè`cke? utcmczh gufrzhs phrh trh`sactcr trh`sact cr f`friáh y if`frhr

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aevcacf`tes e gufrzhs aès irh`dfs (nckckmfth). [cstfah `fuaètcke? utcmczh hcrf keaprcacde phrh trh`sactcr f`friáh y jhkfr aevfr afkh`csaes (ahrtcmme pfrkuter). [cstfah Fmãktrcke? utcmczh fm aevcacf`te df fmfktre`fs phrh trh`sactcr f`friáh y if`frhr muz, khmer e aevcacf`te (mc`tfr`h) [cstfah jcdrèumcke? utcmczh máqucdes keaprcacdes (hkfctf) phrh trh`sactcr f`friáh y jhkfr aevfr afkh`csaes e if`frhr gufrzhs aès irh`dfs (ae`thkhrihs). [cstfah df Tfmfkeau`ckh Tfmfkeau`ckhkce`fs? kce`fs? afdce df keau`ckhkcû` f` fm kuhm sf vcsuhmczh` caèif`fs, se`cdes y vcdfes f` fm hphrhte, per afdce df mh rfkfpkcû` df e`dhs fmfktreahi`ãtckhs dfkedcgckhdhs per h`tf`hs, f` khnmf e c`tfr`ft (tfmfvcscû`, rhdce, tfmãgeè). tfmãgeè).

Keste

6;

@eanrf dfm predukte?

Dcnuoe dfm enofte ke` èanrfs?

F`mcsthr mhs pcfzhs quf ke`gerah` fm enofte? Gu`kcû` df enofte Kuèm fs su gu`kcû` sekchm Ghkcmcth e afoerh fm trhnhoe e gu`kcû` phrh mh quf sf krfû H`èmcscs gu`kce`hm

µKûae gu`kce`h5 µTeah f` kuf`th pescnmfs rcfsies h usuhrces5 µ[u gerah sf hdhpth h mhs khrhktfrástckhs gásckhs df mes usuhrces5 H`èmcscs tãk`cke µXuã tãk`ckhs sf utcmczhre` utcmczhre` phrh su fmhnerhkcû`5 µDf quã ahtfrchm fstè jfkje5 µRer quã fstè fmhnerhde df fsf ahtfrchm5 µDf quã ah`frh pufdf hgfkthr h mh shmud df mes usuhrces f` su use5 H`èmcscs sekchm µXuã `fkfscdhd shtcsghkf5 µMh sekcfdhd hkfpth hm scstfah e predukte5 µKuèmfs se` mhs pescncmcdhdfs df rfkckmhof5 H`èmcscs fke`ûacke µ[u prfkce fs hkfpthnmf h mh mh sekcfdhd5 µ[u prfkce fs hkfpthnmf h mh sekcfdhd5 H`èmcscs jcstûrcke µKuèmfs se` mhs rhze`fs per mhs quf surif fm enofte5 µDf quã ah`frh sf jh cde c`èvh`de predukte5 µKuèm fs fmfmguture dfm predukte5 Ke`tfsth mhs sciucf`tfs prfiu`ths h ah`frh df rfgmfxcû`? • µH qucã` y kuè`th if`tf nf`fgckch f` preperkcû` h mh penmhkcû`5 • µKuèmfs se` mes rfsumthdes5 • µH mhrie pmhze kuèmfs se` sus ke`sfkuf`kchs5

64

^fgfrf`kchs?

Kfshrc D. ^cke Ihmfh`h, H`sfmae Hmfoh`dre ^fx Ertfih (>284),

Fsgcìf,

Tfkèmeiáhs ;, iuáh dfm ahfstre. Fmey Rc`fdh êohs. (>28>). Tfkèmeiáh ;, [fku`dhrch. Fdcterchm [h`tcmmh`h Tfkèmeiáh ;, [fku`dhrch, iuáh phrh fm ahfstre, fdcterchm lcih, Rc`fdh F. (>28>). Tfkèmeiáh ;, [fku`dhrch. [h`tcmmh`h [fp. (>288) Rreirhahs df fstudce >288, tfkèmeiáhs df mh c`gerahkcû` y keau`ckhkcû`. Aãxcke D.G.

Egcaètckh ; [h`tcmmh`h pèi. 87-89 Dfphrthaf`te df [fku`dhrchs If`frhmfs Tfkèmeiáh ;fr. Irhde H`fxe, Mfkturhs pèi. 4

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