TechRef Shunt

April 6, 2018 | Author: Alex | Category: Ac Power, Capacitor, Electrical Impedance, Physics, Physics & Mathematics
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DIgSILENT PowerFactory. Technical Reference Documentation. Filter/Shunt ElmShnt. The R-L shunt is a reactance/inducti...

Description

DIgSILENT PowerFactory Technical Reference Documentation

Filter/Shunt ElmShnt

DIgSILENT GmbH Heinrich-Hertz-Str. 9 72810 - Gomaringen Germany T: +49 7072 9168 0 F: +49 7072 9168 88 http://www.digsilent.de [email protected] Version: 2016 Edition: 1

Copyright © 2016, DIgSILENT GmbH. Copyright of this document belongs to DIgSILENT GmbH. No part of this document may be reproduced, copied, or transmitted in any form, by any means electronic or mechanical, without the prior written permission of DIgSILENT GmbH. Filter/Shunt (ElmShnt)

1

Contents

Contents 1 General Description

4

1.1 R-L Shunt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4

1.1.1 Common Relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4

1.1.2 Technology: 3PH-‘D’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4

1.1.3 Technology: 3PH-‘YN’, 3PH-‘Y’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5

1.1.4 Technology: 2PH-‘YN’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6

1.1.5 Technology: 1PH PH-PH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

8

1.1.6 Technology: 1PH PH-E and 1PH PH-N . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

9

1.1.7 Technology: 2PH-‘Y’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

10

1.2 C Shunt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

11

1.2.1 Common Relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

11

1.2.2 Technology: 3PH-’D’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

11

1.2.3 Technology: 3PH-‘YN’ and 3PH-‘Y’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

12

1.2.4 Technology: 2PH-‘YN’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13

1.2.5 Technology: 1PH PH-PH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14

1.2.6 Technology: 1PH PH-E and 1PH PH-N . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15

1.2.7 Technology: 2PH-‘Y’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16

1.3 R-L-C Shunt

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17

1.3.1 Common Relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

18

1.3.2 Technology: 3PH-‘D’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

20

1.3.3 Technology: 3PH-‘YN’ and 3PH-‘Y’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

20

1.3.4 Technology: 2PH-‘YN’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

21

1.3.5 Technology: 1PH PH-PH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

23

1.3.6 Technology: 1PH PH-E and 1PH PH-N . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

23

1.3.7 Technology: 2PH-‘Y’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

24

1.4 R-L-C, Rp Shunt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25

1.4.1 Common Relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

26

1.4.2 Technology: 3PH-‘D’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

26

1.4.3 Technology: 3PH-‘YN’ and 3PH-‘Y’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

26

Filter/Shunt (ElmShnt)

2

Contents

1.4.4 Technology: 2PH-‘YN’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

27

1.4.5 Technology: 1PH PH-PH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

28

1.4.6 Technology: 1PH PH-E and 1PH PH-N . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

28

1.4.7 Technology: 2PH-‘Y’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

29

1.5 Harmonics/Power Quality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

30

1.5.1 R-L-C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

30

1.5.2 R-L . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

30

1.5.3 C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

30

1.5.4 R-L-C,Rp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

30

1.5.5 R-L-C1-C2,Rp (Hipass Filter) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

30

List of Figures

Filter/Shunt (ElmShnt)

31

3

1

General Description

1

General Description

1.1

R-L Shunt

The R-L shunt is a reactance/inductivity and a resistance in series. To define the reactance/inductivity and the resistance there are two input modes: a) Design Parameter: the parameter are defined with the rated reactive power or the rated current and a quality factor b) Layout Parameter: the parameter are defined with the reactance or inductivity and the resistance in Ohm

1.1.1

Common Relations

Relation between the reactance Xrea and the inductivity Lrea The inductivity Lrea is calculated:

Lrea =

Xrea · 1000 2 · π · fnom

Indutivity in mH

Xrea : Reactance in Ohm fnom : Nominal Frequency in Hz of the grid

1.1.2

Technology: 3PH-‘D’

Model

Figure 1.1: Model for the ABC-’D’ technology with and without susceptance to ground

The 3PH-‘D’ model is a 3-phase shunt in delta connection. Additionally it is possible to enter a Filter/Shunt (ElmShnt)

4

1

General Description

susceptance to ground (Bg) in µS. Xrea , Rrea Qrea relation

Xrea = 3 ·

2 Unom Qrea

and

Rrea =

Xrea qfrea

in Ohm

Unom : Nominal Line-Line voltage in kV Qrea : Rated Reactive Power, L in Mvar qf rea : Quality Factor (at fn, nominal frequency) for a quality factor of zero (=0) the resistance is set to zero (=0) Qrea , Irea relation The relation between the reactive power in Mvar of the shunt and the rated current, L in A is the following:

Qrea =

Irea ·



3 · Unom 1000

in Mvar

Unom : Nominal Line-Line voltage in kV Irea : Rated Current, L in A

1.1.3

Technology: 3PH-‘YN’, 3PH-‘Y’

Model

Figure 1.2: Models for the 3PH-‘YN’ and 3PH-‘Y’ technology

For the 3PH-‘YN’ technology it is possible to connect the star point to the neutral wire (enable Filter/Shunt (ElmShnt)

5

1

General Description

option: External Star Point) and to setup if the internal grounding impedance star point is ‘connected’, ‘connected (Petersen Coil)’ or ‘disconnected’. For a ‘connected’ star point a grounding reactance (Xe) and grounding resistance (Re) in Ohm is considered. For a ‘disconnected’ internal star point the grounding reactance and resistance is neglected (-> isolated star point). For the ABC-‘Y’ technology it’s further possible to enter a susceptance to ground (Bg) in µS. Xrea , Rrea Qrea relation

Xrea = 3 ·

2 Unom Qrea

and

Rrea =

Xrea qfrea

in Ohm

Unom : Nominal Line-Line voltage in kV Qrea : Rated Reactive Power, L in Mvar qf rea : Quality Factor (at fn, nominal frequency) for a quality factor of zero (=0) the resistance is set to zero (=0) Qrea , Irea relation The relation between the reactive power in Mvar of the shunt and the rated current, L in A is the following:

Qrea =

Irea ·



3 · Unom 1000

in Mvar

Unom : Nominal Line-Line voltage in kV Irea : Rated Current, L in A

1.1.4

Technology: 2PH-‘YN’

Model

Filter/Shunt (ElmShnt)

6

1

General Description

Figure 1.3: Model for the 2PH-‘YN’ technology

For the 2PH-‘YN’ technology it is possible to connect the star point to the neutral wire (enable option: External Star Point). For a ‘connected’ or ‘connected (Petersen Coil)’ internal star point grounding reactance (Xe) and a grounding resistance (Re) is considered. For a ‘disconnected’ star point the grounding reactance and resistance is neglected (-> isolated star point). Xrea , Rrea Qrea relation

Xrea =

2 2 · Unom 3 · Qrea

and

Xrea =

Rrea =

2 Unom 2 · Qrea

Xrea qfrea

in Ohm for standard, non BI/DUAL phase systems

in Ohm for BI/DUAL phase systems

Unom : Nominal Line-Line voltage in kV Qrea : Rated Reactive Power, L in Mvar qf rea : Quality Factor (at fn, nominal frequency) for a quality factor of zero (=0) the resistance is set to zero (=0) Qrea , Irea relation The relation between the reactive power in Mvar of the shunt and the rated current, L in A is the following:

Qrea =

2 · Irea · Unom √ 3 · 1000 Qrea =

Filter/Shunt (ElmShnt)

Irea · Unom 1000

in Mvar for Standard, non BI/DUAL phase systems

in Mvar for BI/DUAL phase systems 7

1

General Description

Unom : Nominal Line-Line voltage in kV Irea : Rated Current, L in A

1.1.5

Technology: 1PH PH-PH

Model

Figure 1.4: Model for the 1PH PH-PH technology

The 1PH PH-PH model is a single phase shunt connected between two phases (A-B, B-C or A-C). Additionally it is possible to enter a susceptance to ground Bg in µS. Xrea , Rrea Qrea relation

Xrea =

2 Unom Qrea

and

Rrea =

Xrea qfrea

in Ohm

Unom : Nominal Line-Line voltage in kV Qrea : Rated Reactive Power, L in Mvar qf rea : Quality Factor (at fn, nominal frequency) for a quality factor of zero (=0) the resistance is set to zero (=0) Qrea , Irea relation The relation between the reactive power in Mvar of the shunt and the rated current, L in A is the following:

Qrea =

Irea · Unom 1000

in Mvar

Unom : Nominal Line-Line voltage in kV Irea : Rated Current, L in A Filter/Shunt (ElmShnt)

8

1

General Description

1.1.6

Technology: 1PH PH-E and 1PH PH-N

Model

Figure 1.5: Model for the 1PH PH-E and 1PH PH-N technology

The 1PH PH-E technology can be used as grounding resistance, reactance to ground e.g. the neutral wire or a transformer star point. Xrea , Rrea Qrea relation

Xrea =

2 Unom 3 · Qrea

and

Xrea =

Rrea =

2 Unom 4 · Qrea

Xrea qfrea

in Ohm for standard, non BI/DUAL phase systems

in Ohm for BI/DUAL phase systems

Unom : Nominal Line-Line voltage in kV Qrea : Rated Reactive Power, L in Mvar qf rea : Quality Factor (at fn, nominal frequency) for a quality factor of zero (=0) the resistance is set to zero (=0) Qrea , Irea relation The relation between the reactive power in Mvar of the shunt and the rated current, L in A is the following: Irea · Unom Qrea = √ 3 · 1000 Qrea = Filter/Shunt (ElmShnt)

Irea · Unom 2 · 1000

in Mvar for Standard, non BI/DUAL phase systems

in Mvar for BI/DUAL phase systems 9

1

General Description

Unom : Nominal Line-Line voltage in kV Irea : Rated Current, L in A

1.1.7

Technology: 2PH-‘Y’

Model

Figure 1.6: Model for the 2PH-‘Y’ technology

The 2PH-‘Y’ model is a two phase shunt connected at two phases (A or B and B or C) it is not recommended to connect the second phase at the neutral phase. Additionally it is possible to enter a susceptance to ground Bg in µS. Xrea , Rrea Qrea relation

Xrea =

2 Unom 2 · Qrea

and

Rrea =

Xrea qfrea

in Ohm

Unom : Nominal Line-Line voltage in kV Qrea : Rated Reactive Power, L in Mvar qf rea : Quality Factor (at fn, nominal frequency) for a quality factor of zero (=0) the resistance is set to zero (=0) Qrea , Irea relation The relation between the reactive power in Mvar of the shunt and the rated current, L in A is the following:

Qrea = Filter/Shunt (ElmShnt)

Irea · Unom 1000

in Mvar 10

1

General Description

Unom : Nominal Line-Line voltage in kV Irea : Rated Current, L in A

1.2

C Shunt

The C shunt is a pure capacitance. To define the susceptance/capacitance are two input modes available: a) Design Parameter: the parameter are defined with the rated capacitive power or the rated current b) Layout Parameter: the parameter are defined with the susceptance or capacitance.

1.2.1

Common Relations

Relation between the susceptance Bcap and the capacitance Ccap The capacitance Ccap is calculated:

Ccap =

Bcap 2 · π · fnom

Capacitance in µF

Bcap : Susceptance in µS fnom : Nominal Frequency in Hz of the grid

1.2.2

Technology: 3PH-’D’

Model

Figure 1.7: Model for the 3PH-‘D’ technology with and without susceptance to ground

Filter/Shunt (ElmShnt)

11

1

General Description

The 3PH-‘D’ model is a 3-phase shunt in delta connection. Additionally it is possible to enter a susceptance to ground (Bg) in µS. Bcap Qcap relation

Bcap =

Qcap · 106 2 3 · Unom

in µS

Qcap : Rated Capacitive Power in Mvar Unom : Nominal Line-Line Voltage in kV Bcap : Susceptance in µS Qcap Icap relation The relation between the capacitive power in Mvar of the shunt and the rated current, C in A is the following:

Qcap =

Icap ·



3 · Unom 1000

in Mvar

Unom : Nominal Line-Line voltage in kV Icap : Rated Current, C in A

1.2.3

Technology: 3PH-‘YN’ and 3PH-‘Y’

Model

Figure 1.8: Models for the 3PH-‘YN’ and 3PH-‘Y’ technology

For the 3PH-‘YN’ technology it is possible to connect the star point to the neutral wire (enable option: External Star Point) and to setup if the internal grounding impedance star point is ‘connected’, ‘connected (Petersen Coil)’ or ‘disconnected’. For a ‘connected’ star point a grounding Filter/Shunt (ElmShnt)

12

1

General Description

reactance (Xe) and grounding resistance (Re) in Ohm is considered. For a ‘disconnected’ internal star point the grounding reactance and resistance is neglected (-> isolated star point). For the ABC-‘Y’ technology it’s further possible to enter a susceptance to ground (Bg) in µS. Bcap Qcap relation

Bcap =

Qcap · 106 2 Unom

in µS

Qcap : Rated Capacitive Power in Mvar Unom : Nominal Line-Line Voltage in kV Bcap : Susceptance in µS Qcap Icap relation The relation between the capacitive power in Mvar of the shunt and the rated current, C in A is the following:

Qcap =

Icap ·



3 · Unom 1000

in Mvar

Unom : Nominal Line-Line voltage in kV Icap : Rated Current, C in A

1.2.4

Technology: 2PH-‘YN’

Model

Figure 1.9: Models for the 2PH-‘YN’ technology

For the 2PH-‘YN’ technology it is possible to connect the star point to the neutral wire (enable Filter/Shunt (ElmShnt)

13

1

General Description

option: External Star Point). For a ‘connected’ or ‘connected (Pertersen Coil)’ internal star point grounding reactance (Xe) and a grounding resistance (Re) is considered. For a ‘disconnected’ star point the grounding reactance and resistance is neglected (-> isolated star point). Bcap Qcap relation

Bcap =

3 · Qcap · 106 2 2 · Unom 2 · Qcap · 106 2 Unom

Bcap =

in µS for Standard, non BI/DUAL phase systems

in µS for BI/DUAL phase systems

Qcap : Rated Capacitive Power in Mvar Unom : Nominal Line-Line Voltage in kV Bcap : Susceptance in µS Qcap Icap relation The relation between the capacitive power in Mvar of the shunt and the rated current, C in A is the following:

Qcap =

2 · Icap · Unom √ 3 · 1000

Qcap =

Icap · Unom 1000

in Mvar for Standard, non BI/DUAL phase systems

in Mvar for BI/DUAL phase systems

Unom : Nominal Line-Line voltage in kV Icap : Rated Current, C in A

1.2.5

Technology: 1PH PH-PH

Model

Filter/Shunt (ElmShnt)

14

1

General Description

Figure 1.10: Model for the 1PH PH-PH technology

The 1PH PH-PH model is a single phase shunt connected between two phases (A-B, B-C or A-C). Additionally it is possible to enter a susceptance to ground Bg in µS. Bcap Qcap relation

Bcap =

Qcap · 106 2 Unom

in µS

Qcap : Rated Capacitive Power in Mvar Unom : Nominal Line-Line Voltage in kV Bcap : Susceptance in µS Qcap Icap relation The relation between the capacitive power in Mvar of the shunt and the rated current, C in A is the following:

Qcap =

Icap · Unom 1000

in Mvar

Unom : Nominal Line-Line voltage in kV Icap : Rated Current, C in A

1.2.6

Technology: 1PH PH-E and 1PH PH-N

Model

Filter/Shunt (ElmShnt)

15

1

General Description

Figure 1.11: Model for the 1PH PH-E and 1PH PH-N technology

The 1PH PH-E technology can be used as grounding resistance, reactance to ground e.g. the neutral wire or a transformer star point. Bcap Qcap relation

Bcap =

3 · Qcap · 106 2 Unom 4 · Qcap · 106 2 Unom

Bcap =

in µS for Standard, non BI/DUAL phase systems

in µS for BI/DUAL phase systems

Qcap : Rated Capacitive Power in Mvar Unom : Nominal Line-Line Voltage in kV Bcap : Susceptance in µS Qcap Icap relation The relation between the capacitive power in Mvar of the shunt and the rated current, C in A is the following: Icap · Unom Qcap = √ 3 · 1000

Qcap =

Icap · Unom 2 · 1000

in Mvar for Standard, non BI/DUAL phase systems

in Mvar for BI/DUAL phase systems

Unom : Nominal Line-Line voltage in kV Icap : Rated Current, C in A

1.2.7

Technology: 2PH-‘Y’

Model

Filter/Shunt (ElmShnt)

16

1

General Description

Figure 1.12: Model for the 2PH-‘Y’ technology

The 2PH-‘Y’ model is a two phase shunt connected at two phases (A or B and B or C) it is not recommended to connect the second phase at the neutral phase. Additionally it is possible to enter a susceptance to ground Bg in µS. Bcap Qcap relation

Bcap =

2 · Qcap · 106 2 Unom

in µS

Qcap : Rated Capacitive Power in Mvar Unom : Nominal Line-Line Voltage in kV Bcap : Susceptance in µS Qcap Icap relation The relation between the capacitive power in Mvar of the shunt and the rated current, C in A is the following:

Qcap =

Icap · Unom 1000

in Mvar

Unom : Nominal Line-Line voltage in kV Icap : Rated Current, C in A

1.3

R-L-C Shunt

The R-L-C shunt is a reactance/inductivity, a resistance and a susceptance/capacitance in series. To define the reactance/inductivity, the resistance and the susceptance/capacitance there are two input modes: a) Design Parameter: the parameters are defined with the rated reactive power (L-C) or the rated current (L-C), the degree of inductance or the resonance frequency or the tuning order and the quality factor at nominal frequency (at fn) or the quality factor at resonance frequency (at fr) b) Layout Parameter: the parameters are defined with the reactance (in Ohm) or inductivity (in mH), the susceptance (in S) or capacitance (in µF) and the resistance in Ohm Filter/Shunt (ElmShnt)

17

1

General Description

1.3.1

Common Relations

Relation between the susceptance Bcap and the capacitance Ccap The capacitance Ccap is calculated:

Ccap =

Bcap 2 · π · fnom

Capacitance in µF

Bcap : Susceptance in µS fnom : Nominal Frequency in Hz of the grid Relation between the reactance Xrea and the inductivity Lrea The inductivity Lrea is calculated:

Lrea =

Xrea · 1000 2 · π · fnom

inductivity in mH

Xrea : Reactance in Ohm fnom : Nominal Frequency in Hz of the grid Relation between Degree of Inductance, Resonance Frequency and Tuning Order

fres = p

fnom Pgrad /100 nres =

Resonance Frequency in Hz

fres fnom

Tuning Order

pgrad : Degree of Inductance in % fnom : Nominal Frequency of the grid in Hz fres : Resonance Frequency in Hz nres : Tuning Order Relation between Quality Factor (at fnom ) and Quality Factor (at fres )

greaf 0 = grea · nres = grea ·

fres fnom

grea : ‘Quality Factor at fnom’, at nominal frequency greaf 0 : ‘Quality Factor at fres’ at resonance frequency nres : Tuning Order Rated Capacitive Power Qcap and Rated Reactive Power, L-C Qtot The rated capacitive power can be calculated according to following additional equations: Filter/Shunt (ElmShnt)

18

1

General Description

 Qcap = Qtot · (1 − pgrad /100) = Qtot ·

1−

1 n2res



 = Qtot ·

1−

fnom fres

2 ! in Mvar

Qcap : ‘Rated Capacitive Power, C’ in Mvar Qtot : ‘Rated Reactive Power, L-C’ in Mvar pgrad : Degree of Inductance in % fnom : Nominal Frequency of the grid in Hz fres : Resonance Frequency in Hz nres : Tuning Order Rated Reactive Power Qcea and Rated Reactive Power, L-C Qtot The rated reactive power can be calculated according to following additional equations:

Qrea = Qtot · (100/pgrad − 1) = Qtot ·

(n2res

 − 1) = Qtot ·

fres fnom

!

2

−1

in Mvar

Qrea : ‘Rated Reactive Power, L’ in Mvar Qtot : ‘Rated Reactive Power, L-C’ in Mvar pgrad : Degree of Inductance in % fnom : Nominal Frequency of the grid in Hz fres : Resonance Frequency in Hz nres : Tuning Order Resonance Frequency fres Resonance Frequency is calculated:

fres =

2·π·

p

1 Lrea · 10−3 · Ccap · 10−6

in Hz

Lrea : Inductivity in mH Ccap : Capacitance in µF Relation between Inductivity Lrea , Resonance Frequency fres and Capacitance Ccap The inductivity Lrea can be calculated according to following equation:

Lrea =

103 (2 · π · fres )2 · Ccap · 10−6

in mH

Ccap : Capacitance in µF fres : Resonance Frequency in Hz

Filter/Shunt (ElmShnt)

19

1

General Description

1.3.2

Technology: 3PH-‘D’

Model

Figure 1.13: Model for the 3PH-‘D’ technology with and without susceptance to ground

The 3PH-‘D’ model is a 3-phase shunt in delta connection. Additionally it is possible to enter a susceptance to ground (Bg) in µS. Qcap Bcap relation

Bcap =

Qcap · 106 2 3 · Unom

in µS

Qcap : Rated Capacitive Power (3phase) in Mvar Unom : Nominal Line-Line Voltage of shunt in kV Bcap : Susceptance in µS Xrea , Rrea Qrea relation

Xrea = 3 ·

2 Unom qrea

and

Rrea =

Xrea qfrea

in Ohm

Qrea : Rated Reactive Power of the reactor in Mvar Unom : Nominal Line-Line Voltage in kV Xrea : Reactance in one phase in mH

1.3.3

Technology: 3PH-‘YN’ and 3PH-‘Y’

Model

Filter/Shunt (ElmShnt)

20

1

General Description

Figure 1.14: Model for the 3PH-’YN’ and 3PH-’Y’ technology

For the 3PH-‘YN’ technology it is possible to connect the star point to the neutral wire (enable option: External Star Point) and to setup if the internal grounding impedance star point is ‘connected’, ‘connected (Petersen Coil)’ or ‘disconnected’. For a ‘connected’ star point a grounding reactance (Xe) and grounding resistance (Re) in Ohm is considered. For an ‘disconnected’ internal star point the grounding reactance and resistance is neglected (-> isolated star point). The ABC-‘Y’ technology it is further possible to enter a susceptance to ground (Bg) in µS. Qcap Bcap relation

Bcap =

Qcap · 106 2 Unom

in µS

Qcap : Rated Capacitive Power (3phase) in Mvar Unom : Nominal Line-Line Voltage of shunt in kV Bcap : Susceptance in µS Xrea , Rrea Qrea relation

Xrea =

2 Unom Qrea

and

Rrea =

Xrea qfrea

in Ohm

Qrea : Rated Reactive Power of the reactor in Mvar Unom : Nominal Line-Line Voltage in kV qfrea : Quality Factor (at fn, nominal frequency) for a quality factor of zero (=0) the resistance is set to zero (=0)

1.3.4

Technology: 2PH-‘YN’

Model

Filter/Shunt (ElmShnt)

21

1

General Description

Figure 1.15: Model for the 2PH-‘YN’ technology

For the 2PH-‘YN’ technology it is possible to connect the star point to the neutral wire (enable option: External Star Point). For a ‘connected’ or ‘connected (Pertersen Coil)’ internal star point grounding reactance (Xe) and a grounding resistance (Re) is considered. For a ‘disconnected’ star point the grounding reactance and resistance is neglected (-> isolated star point). Qcap Bcap relation

Bcap =

3 · Qcap · 106 2 2 · Unom

Bcap =

in µS for standard, non BI/DUAL phase systems

2 · Qcap · 106 2 Unom

in µS for BI/DUAL phase systems

Qcap : Rated Capacitive Power, C in Mvar Unom : Nominal Line-Line Voltage of shunt in kV Bcap : Susceptance in µS Xrea , Rrea Qrea relation

Xrea =

2 2 · Unom 3 · Qrea

and

Xrea =

Rrea = 2 Unom 2 · Qrea

Xrea qfrea

in Ohm for standard, non BI/DUAL phase systems

in Ohm for BI/DUAL phase systems

Qrea : Rated Reactive Power, L in Mvar Unom : Nominal Line-Line Voltage in kV qfrea : Quality Factor (at fn, nominal frequency) for a quality factor of zero (=0) the resistance is set to zero (=0) Filter/Shunt (ElmShnt)

22

1

General Description

1.3.5

Technology: 1PH PH-PH

Model

Figure 1.16: Model for the 1PH PH-PH technology

The 1PH PH-PH model is a single phase shunt connected between two phases (A-B, B-C or A-C). Additionally it is possible to enter a susceptance to ground Bg in µS. Qcap Bcap relation

Bcap =

Qcap · 106 2 Unom

in µS

Qcap : Rated Capacitive Power, C in Mvar Unom : Nominal Line-Line Voltage of shunt in kV Bcap : Susceptance in µS Xrea , Rrea Qrea relation

Xrea =

2 Unom Qrea

and

Rrea =

Xrea qfrea

in Ohm

Qrea : Rated Reactive Power of the reactor in Mvar Unom : Nominal Line-Line Voltage in kV qfrea : Quality Factor (at fn, nominal frequency) for a quality factor of zero (=0) the resistance is set to zero (=0)

1.3.6

Technology: 1PH PH-E and 1PH PH-N

Model

Filter/Shunt (ElmShnt)

23

1

General Description

Figure 1.17: Model for the 1PH PH-E and 1PH PH-N technology

The 1PH PH-E technology can be used as grounding resistance, reactance to ground e.g. the neutral wire or a transformer star point. Qcap Bcap relation

Bcap =

3 · Qcap · 106 2 Unom

Bcap =

in µS for standard, non BI/DUAL phase systems

4 · Qcap · 106 2 Unom

in µS for BI/DUAL phase systems

Qcap : Rated Capacitive Power, C in Mvar Unom : Nominal Line-Line Voltage of shunt in kV Bcap : Susceptance in µS Xrea , Rrea Qrea relation

Xrea =

2 Unom 3 · Qrea

and

Xrea =

Rrea =

2 Unom 4 · Qrea

Xrea qfrea

in Ohm for standard, non BI/DUAL phase systems

in Ohm for BI/DUAL phase systems

Qrea : Rated Reactive Power, L in Mvar Unom : Nominal Line-Line Voltage in kV qfrea : Quality Factor (at fn, nominal frequency) for a quality factor of zero (=0) the resistance is set to zero (=0)

1.3.7

Technology: 2PH-‘Y’

Model

Filter/Shunt (ElmShnt)

24

1

General Description

Figure 1.18: Model for the 2PH-‘Y’ technology

The 2PH-‘Y’ model is a two phase shunt connected at two phases (A or B and B or C) it is not recommended to connect the second phase at the neutral phase. Additionally it is possible to enter a susceptance to ground Bg in µS. Qcap Bcap relation

Bcap =

2 · Qcap · 106 2 Unom

in µS

Qcap : Rated Capacitive Power, C in Mvar Unom : Nominal Line-Line Voltage of shunt in kV Bcap : Susceptance in µS Xrea , Rrea Qrea relation

Xrea =

2 Unom 2 · Qrea

and

Rrea =

Xrea qfrea

in Ohm

Qrea : Rated Reactive Power of the reactor in Mvar Unom : Nominal Line-Line Voltage in kV qfrea : Quality Factor (at fn, nominal frequency) for a quality factor of zero (=0) the resistance is set to zero (=0)

1.4

R-L-C, Rp Shunt

The R-L-C, Rp shunt is a reactance/inductivity, a resistance and a susceptance/capacitance in series with an additional resistance in parallel to the R-L impedance. To define the reactance/inductivity, the resistance and the susceptance/capacitance there are two input modes: a) Design Parameter: the parameter are defined with the rated reactive power (L-C) or the rated current (L-C), the degree of inductance or the resonance frequency or the tuning order and the Filter/Shunt (ElmShnt)

25

1

General Description

quality factor at nominal frequency (at fn) or the quality factor at resonance frequency (at fr) b) Layout Parameter: the parameter are defined with the reactance (in Ohm) or inductivity (in mH), the susceptance (in µS) or capacitance (in µF) and the resistance in Ohm The parallel resistance Rp can be entered in the layout parameter frame in Ohm and is independent on the input option. If the parallel resistance Rp is equal zero (Rp = 0) the parallel resistance is not considered (equal to G = 0).

1.4.1

Common Relations

All common relations are similar/equal to those used by the R-L-C shunt. See section 1.3.1.

1.4.2

Technology: 3PH-‘D’

Model

Figure 1.19: Model for the 3PH-‘D’ technology with and without susceptance to ground

The 3PH-‘D’ model is a 3-phase shunt in delta connection. Additionally it is possible to enter a susceptance to ground (Bg) in S. All relations are similar/equal to those used by the R-L-C shunt. See section 1.3.2.

1.4.3

Technology: 3PH-‘YN’ and 3PH-‘Y’

Model

Filter/Shunt (ElmShnt)

26

1

General Description

Figure 1.20: Models for the ABC-‘YN’ and ABC-‘Y’ technology

For the 3PH-‘YN’ technology it is possible to connect the star point to the neutral wire (enable option: External Star Point) and to setup if the internal grounding impedance star point is ‘connected’, ‘connected (Petersen Coil)’ or ‘disconnected’. For a ‘connected’ star point a grounding reactance (Xe) and grounding resistance (Re) in Ohm is considered. For an ‘disconnected’ internal star point the grounding reactance and resistance is neglected (-> isolated star point). The ABC-‘Y’ technology it is further possible to enter a susceptance to ground (Bg) in µS. All relations are similar/equal to those used by the R-L-C shunt. See section 1.3.3.

1.4.4

Technology: 2PH-‘YN’

Model

Figure 1.21: Model for the 2PH-‘YN’ technology

Filter/Shunt (ElmShnt)

27

1

General Description

For the 2PH-‘YN’ technology it is possible to connect the star point to the neutral wire (enable option: External Star Point). For a ‘connected’ or ‘connected (Petersen Coil)’ internal star point grounding reactance (Xe) and a grounding resistance (Re) is considered. For a ‘disconnected’ star point the grounding reactance and resistance is neglected (-> isolated star point). All relations are similar/equal to those used by the R-L-C shunt. See chapter 1.3.4.

1.4.5

Technology: 1PH PH-PH

Model

Figure 1.22: Model for the 1PH PH-PH technology

The 1PH PH-PH model is a single phase shunt connected between two phases (A-B, B-C or A-C). Additionally it is possible to enter a susceptance to ground Bg in µS. All relations are similar/equal to those used by the R-L-C shunt. See section 1.3.5.

1.4.6

Technology: 1PH PH-E and 1PH PH-N

Model

Filter/Shunt (ElmShnt)

28

1

General Description

Figure 1.23: Model for the 1PH PH-E and 1PH PH-N technology

The 1PH PH-E technology can be used as grounding resistance, reactance to ground e.g. the neutral wire or a transformer star point. All relations are similar/equal to those used by the R-L-C shunt. See chapter 1.3.6.

1.4.7

Technology: 2PH-‘Y’

Model

Figure 1.24: Model for the 2PH-‘Y’ technology

The 2PH-‘Y’ model is a two phase shunt connected at two phases (A or B and B or C). Connection of the second phase at the neutral phase is not recommended. In addition, it is possible to enter a susceptance to ground, Bg, in µS. All relations are similar/equal to those used by the R-L-C shunt. See section 1.3.7.

Filter/Shunt (ElmShnt)

29

1

General Description

1.5

Harmonics/Power Quality

Frequency-dependent characteristics may be defined for the parameters as listed in the following subsections. Note: For absolute characteristics, the values defined in the element (not in the characteristic) will be used at the fundamental frequency.

1.5.1

R-L-C

Frequency-dependent parameters may optionally be defined for the following parameters (parameter names follow in parentheses): Rs (rrea), L (rlrea) and C (ccap).

1.5.2

R-L

Frequency-dependent parameters may optionally be defined for the following parameters (parameter names follow in parentheses): Rs (rrea) and L (rlrea).

1.5.3

C

Frequency-dependent parameters may optionally be defined for the following parameter (parameter name follows in parentheses): C (ccap).

1.5.4

R-L-C,Rp

Frequency-dependent parameters may optionally be defined for the following parameters (parameter names follow in parentheses): Rs (rrea), L (rlrea), C (ccap) and Rp (rpara).

1.5.5

R-L-C1-C2,Rp (Hipass Filter)

Frequency-dependent parameters may optionally be defined for the following parameters (parameter names follow in parentheses): Rs (rrea), L (rlrea), C1 (c1), C2 (c2) and Rp (rpara).

Filter/Shunt (ElmShnt)

30

List of Figures

List of Figures 1.1 Model for the ABC-’D’ technology with and without susceptance to ground . . . .

4

1.2 Models for the 3PH-‘YN’ and 3PH-‘Y’ technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5

1.3 Model for the 2PH-‘YN’ technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7

1.4 Model for the 1PH PH-PH technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

8

1.5 Model for the 1PH PH-E and 1PH PH-N technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

9

1.6 Model for the 2PH-‘Y’ technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

10

1.7 Model for the 3PH-‘D’ technology with and without susceptance to ground . . . .

11

1.8 Models for the 3PH-‘YN’ and 3PH-‘Y’ technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

12

1.9 Models for the 2PH-‘YN’ technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13

1.10 Model for the 1PH PH-PH technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15

1.11 Model for the 1PH PH-E and 1PH PH-N technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16

1.12 Model for the 2PH-‘Y’ technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17

1.13 Model for the 3PH-‘D’ technology with and without susceptance to ground . . . .

20

1.14 Model for the 3PH-’YN’ and 3PH-’Y’ technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

21

1.15 Model for the 2PH-‘YN’ technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

22

1.16 Model for the 1PH PH-PH technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

23

1.17 Model for the 1PH PH-E and 1PH PH-N technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

24

1.18 Model for the 2PH-‘Y’ technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25

1.19 Model for the 3PH-‘D’ technology with and without susceptance to ground . . . .

26

1.20 Models for the ABC-‘YN’ and ABC-‘Y’ technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

27

1.21 Model for the 2PH-‘YN’ technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

27

1.22 Model for the 1PH PH-PH technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

28

1.23 Model for the 1PH PH-E and 1PH PH-N technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

29

1.24 Model for the 2PH-‘Y’ technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

29

Filter/Shunt (ElmShnt)

31

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