DIgSILENT PowerFactory. Technical Reference Documentation. Filter/Shunt ElmShnt. The R-L shunt is a reactance/inducti...
DIgSILENT PowerFactory Technical Reference Documentation
Filter/Shunt ElmShnt
DIgSILENT GmbH Heinrich-Hertz-Str. 9 72810 - Gomaringen Germany T: +49 7072 9168 0 F: +49 7072 9168 88 http://www.digsilent.de
[email protected] Version: 2016 Edition: 1
Copyright © 2016, DIgSILENT GmbH. Copyright of this document belongs to DIgSILENT GmbH. No part of this document may be reproduced, copied, or transmitted in any form, by any means electronic or mechanical, without the prior written permission of DIgSILENT GmbH. Filter/Shunt (ElmShnt)
1
Contents
Contents 1 General Description
4
1.1 R-L Shunt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4
1.1.1 Common Relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4
1.1.2 Technology: 3PH-‘D’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4
1.1.3 Technology: 3PH-‘YN’, 3PH-‘Y’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5
1.1.4 Technology: 2PH-‘YN’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6
1.1.5 Technology: 1PH PH-PH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8
1.1.6 Technology: 1PH PH-E and 1PH PH-N . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9
1.1.7 Technology: 2PH-‘Y’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10
1.2 C Shunt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11
1.2.1 Common Relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11
1.2.2 Technology: 3PH-’D’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11
1.2.3 Technology: 3PH-‘YN’ and 3PH-‘Y’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12
1.2.4 Technology: 2PH-‘YN’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13
1.2.5 Technology: 1PH PH-PH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
14
1.2.6 Technology: 1PH PH-E and 1PH PH-N . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15
1.2.7 Technology: 2PH-‘Y’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16
1.3 R-L-C Shunt
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
17
1.3.1 Common Relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18
1.3.2 Technology: 3PH-‘D’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20
1.3.3 Technology: 3PH-‘YN’ and 3PH-‘Y’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20
1.3.4 Technology: 2PH-‘YN’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
21
1.3.5 Technology: 1PH PH-PH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
23
1.3.6 Technology: 1PH PH-E and 1PH PH-N . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
23
1.3.7 Technology: 2PH-‘Y’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
24
1.4 R-L-C, Rp Shunt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25
1.4.1 Common Relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
26
1.4.2 Technology: 3PH-‘D’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
26
1.4.3 Technology: 3PH-‘YN’ and 3PH-‘Y’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
26
Filter/Shunt (ElmShnt)
2
Contents
1.4.4 Technology: 2PH-‘YN’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
27
1.4.5 Technology: 1PH PH-PH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
28
1.4.6 Technology: 1PH PH-E and 1PH PH-N . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
28
1.4.7 Technology: 2PH-‘Y’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
29
1.5 Harmonics/Power Quality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
30
1.5.1 R-L-C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
30
1.5.2 R-L . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
30
1.5.3 C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
30
1.5.4 R-L-C,Rp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
30
1.5.5 R-L-C1-C2,Rp (Hipass Filter) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
30
List of Figures
Filter/Shunt (ElmShnt)
31
3
1
General Description
1
General Description
1.1
R-L Shunt
The R-L shunt is a reactance/inductivity and a resistance in series. To define the reactance/inductivity and the resistance there are two input modes: a) Design Parameter: the parameter are defined with the rated reactive power or the rated current and a quality factor b) Layout Parameter: the parameter are defined with the reactance or inductivity and the resistance in Ohm
1.1.1
Common Relations
Relation between the reactance Xrea and the inductivity Lrea The inductivity Lrea is calculated:
Lrea =
Xrea · 1000 2 · π · fnom
Indutivity in mH
Xrea : Reactance in Ohm fnom : Nominal Frequency in Hz of the grid
1.1.2
Technology: 3PH-‘D’
Model
Figure 1.1: Model for the ABC-’D’ technology with and without susceptance to ground
The 3PH-‘D’ model is a 3-phase shunt in delta connection. Additionally it is possible to enter a Filter/Shunt (ElmShnt)
4
1
General Description
susceptance to ground (Bg) in µS. Xrea , Rrea Qrea relation
Xrea = 3 ·
2 Unom Qrea
and
Rrea =
Xrea qfrea
in Ohm
Unom : Nominal Line-Line voltage in kV Qrea : Rated Reactive Power, L in Mvar qf rea : Quality Factor (at fn, nominal frequency) for a quality factor of zero (=0) the resistance is set to zero (=0) Qrea , Irea relation The relation between the reactive power in Mvar of the shunt and the rated current, L in A is the following:
Qrea =
Irea ·
√
3 · Unom 1000
in Mvar
Unom : Nominal Line-Line voltage in kV Irea : Rated Current, L in A
1.1.3
Technology: 3PH-‘YN’, 3PH-‘Y’
Model
Figure 1.2: Models for the 3PH-‘YN’ and 3PH-‘Y’ technology
For the 3PH-‘YN’ technology it is possible to connect the star point to the neutral wire (enable Filter/Shunt (ElmShnt)
5
1
General Description
option: External Star Point) and to setup if the internal grounding impedance star point is ‘connected’, ‘connected (Petersen Coil)’ or ‘disconnected’. For a ‘connected’ star point a grounding reactance (Xe) and grounding resistance (Re) in Ohm is considered. For a ‘disconnected’ internal star point the grounding reactance and resistance is neglected (-> isolated star point). For the ABC-‘Y’ technology it’s further possible to enter a susceptance to ground (Bg) in µS. Xrea , Rrea Qrea relation
Xrea = 3 ·
2 Unom Qrea
and
Rrea =
Xrea qfrea
in Ohm
Unom : Nominal Line-Line voltage in kV Qrea : Rated Reactive Power, L in Mvar qf rea : Quality Factor (at fn, nominal frequency) for a quality factor of zero (=0) the resistance is set to zero (=0) Qrea , Irea relation The relation between the reactive power in Mvar of the shunt and the rated current, L in A is the following:
Qrea =
Irea ·
√
3 · Unom 1000
in Mvar
Unom : Nominal Line-Line voltage in kV Irea : Rated Current, L in A
1.1.4
Technology: 2PH-‘YN’
Model
Filter/Shunt (ElmShnt)
6
1
General Description
Figure 1.3: Model for the 2PH-‘YN’ technology
For the 2PH-‘YN’ technology it is possible to connect the star point to the neutral wire (enable option: External Star Point). For a ‘connected’ or ‘connected (Petersen Coil)’ internal star point grounding reactance (Xe) and a grounding resistance (Re) is considered. For a ‘disconnected’ star point the grounding reactance and resistance is neglected (-> isolated star point). Xrea , Rrea Qrea relation
Xrea =
2 2 · Unom 3 · Qrea
and
Xrea =
Rrea =
2 Unom 2 · Qrea
Xrea qfrea
in Ohm for standard, non BI/DUAL phase systems
in Ohm for BI/DUAL phase systems
Unom : Nominal Line-Line voltage in kV Qrea : Rated Reactive Power, L in Mvar qf rea : Quality Factor (at fn, nominal frequency) for a quality factor of zero (=0) the resistance is set to zero (=0) Qrea , Irea relation The relation between the reactive power in Mvar of the shunt and the rated current, L in A is the following:
Qrea =
2 · Irea · Unom √ 3 · 1000 Qrea =
Filter/Shunt (ElmShnt)
Irea · Unom 1000
in Mvar for Standard, non BI/DUAL phase systems
in Mvar for BI/DUAL phase systems 7
1
General Description
Unom : Nominal Line-Line voltage in kV Irea : Rated Current, L in A
1.1.5
Technology: 1PH PH-PH
Model
Figure 1.4: Model for the 1PH PH-PH technology
The 1PH PH-PH model is a single phase shunt connected between two phases (A-B, B-C or A-C). Additionally it is possible to enter a susceptance to ground Bg in µS. Xrea , Rrea Qrea relation
Xrea =
2 Unom Qrea
and
Rrea =
Xrea qfrea
in Ohm
Unom : Nominal Line-Line voltage in kV Qrea : Rated Reactive Power, L in Mvar qf rea : Quality Factor (at fn, nominal frequency) for a quality factor of zero (=0) the resistance is set to zero (=0) Qrea , Irea relation The relation between the reactive power in Mvar of the shunt and the rated current, L in A is the following:
Qrea =
Irea · Unom 1000
in Mvar
Unom : Nominal Line-Line voltage in kV Irea : Rated Current, L in A Filter/Shunt (ElmShnt)
8
1
General Description
1.1.6
Technology: 1PH PH-E and 1PH PH-N
Model
Figure 1.5: Model for the 1PH PH-E and 1PH PH-N technology
The 1PH PH-E technology can be used as grounding resistance, reactance to ground e.g. the neutral wire or a transformer star point. Xrea , Rrea Qrea relation
Xrea =
2 Unom 3 · Qrea
and
Xrea =
Rrea =
2 Unom 4 · Qrea
Xrea qfrea
in Ohm for standard, non BI/DUAL phase systems
in Ohm for BI/DUAL phase systems
Unom : Nominal Line-Line voltage in kV Qrea : Rated Reactive Power, L in Mvar qf rea : Quality Factor (at fn, nominal frequency) for a quality factor of zero (=0) the resistance is set to zero (=0) Qrea , Irea relation The relation between the reactive power in Mvar of the shunt and the rated current, L in A is the following: Irea · Unom Qrea = √ 3 · 1000 Qrea = Filter/Shunt (ElmShnt)
Irea · Unom 2 · 1000
in Mvar for Standard, non BI/DUAL phase systems
in Mvar for BI/DUAL phase systems 9
1
General Description
Unom : Nominal Line-Line voltage in kV Irea : Rated Current, L in A
1.1.7
Technology: 2PH-‘Y’
Model
Figure 1.6: Model for the 2PH-‘Y’ technology
The 2PH-‘Y’ model is a two phase shunt connected at two phases (A or B and B or C) it is not recommended to connect the second phase at the neutral phase. Additionally it is possible to enter a susceptance to ground Bg in µS. Xrea , Rrea Qrea relation
Xrea =
2 Unom 2 · Qrea
and
Rrea =
Xrea qfrea
in Ohm
Unom : Nominal Line-Line voltage in kV Qrea : Rated Reactive Power, L in Mvar qf rea : Quality Factor (at fn, nominal frequency) for a quality factor of zero (=0) the resistance is set to zero (=0) Qrea , Irea relation The relation between the reactive power in Mvar of the shunt and the rated current, L in A is the following:
Qrea = Filter/Shunt (ElmShnt)
Irea · Unom 1000
in Mvar 10
1
General Description
Unom : Nominal Line-Line voltage in kV Irea : Rated Current, L in A
1.2
C Shunt
The C shunt is a pure capacitance. To define the susceptance/capacitance are two input modes available: a) Design Parameter: the parameter are defined with the rated capacitive power or the rated current b) Layout Parameter: the parameter are defined with the susceptance or capacitance.
1.2.1
Common Relations
Relation between the susceptance Bcap and the capacitance Ccap The capacitance Ccap is calculated:
Ccap =
Bcap 2 · π · fnom
Capacitance in µF
Bcap : Susceptance in µS fnom : Nominal Frequency in Hz of the grid
1.2.2
Technology: 3PH-’D’
Model
Figure 1.7: Model for the 3PH-‘D’ technology with and without susceptance to ground
Filter/Shunt (ElmShnt)
11
1
General Description
The 3PH-‘D’ model is a 3-phase shunt in delta connection. Additionally it is possible to enter a susceptance to ground (Bg) in µS. Bcap Qcap relation
Bcap =
Qcap · 106 2 3 · Unom
in µS
Qcap : Rated Capacitive Power in Mvar Unom : Nominal Line-Line Voltage in kV Bcap : Susceptance in µS Qcap Icap relation The relation between the capacitive power in Mvar of the shunt and the rated current, C in A is the following:
Qcap =
Icap ·
√
3 · Unom 1000
in Mvar
Unom : Nominal Line-Line voltage in kV Icap : Rated Current, C in A
1.2.3
Technology: 3PH-‘YN’ and 3PH-‘Y’
Model
Figure 1.8: Models for the 3PH-‘YN’ and 3PH-‘Y’ technology
For the 3PH-‘YN’ technology it is possible to connect the star point to the neutral wire (enable option: External Star Point) and to setup if the internal grounding impedance star point is ‘connected’, ‘connected (Petersen Coil)’ or ‘disconnected’. For a ‘connected’ star point a grounding Filter/Shunt (ElmShnt)
12
1
General Description
reactance (Xe) and grounding resistance (Re) in Ohm is considered. For a ‘disconnected’ internal star point the grounding reactance and resistance is neglected (-> isolated star point). For the ABC-‘Y’ technology it’s further possible to enter a susceptance to ground (Bg) in µS. Bcap Qcap relation
Bcap =
Qcap · 106 2 Unom
in µS
Qcap : Rated Capacitive Power in Mvar Unom : Nominal Line-Line Voltage in kV Bcap : Susceptance in µS Qcap Icap relation The relation between the capacitive power in Mvar of the shunt and the rated current, C in A is the following:
Qcap =
Icap ·
√
3 · Unom 1000
in Mvar
Unom : Nominal Line-Line voltage in kV Icap : Rated Current, C in A
1.2.4
Technology: 2PH-‘YN’
Model
Figure 1.9: Models for the 2PH-‘YN’ technology
For the 2PH-‘YN’ technology it is possible to connect the star point to the neutral wire (enable Filter/Shunt (ElmShnt)
13
1
General Description
option: External Star Point). For a ‘connected’ or ‘connected (Pertersen Coil)’ internal star point grounding reactance (Xe) and a grounding resistance (Re) is considered. For a ‘disconnected’ star point the grounding reactance and resistance is neglected (-> isolated star point). Bcap Qcap relation
Bcap =
3 · Qcap · 106 2 2 · Unom 2 · Qcap · 106 2 Unom
Bcap =
in µS for Standard, non BI/DUAL phase systems
in µS for BI/DUAL phase systems
Qcap : Rated Capacitive Power in Mvar Unom : Nominal Line-Line Voltage in kV Bcap : Susceptance in µS Qcap Icap relation The relation between the capacitive power in Mvar of the shunt and the rated current, C in A is the following:
Qcap =
2 · Icap · Unom √ 3 · 1000
Qcap =
Icap · Unom 1000
in Mvar for Standard, non BI/DUAL phase systems
in Mvar for BI/DUAL phase systems
Unom : Nominal Line-Line voltage in kV Icap : Rated Current, C in A
1.2.5
Technology: 1PH PH-PH
Model
Filter/Shunt (ElmShnt)
14
1
General Description
Figure 1.10: Model for the 1PH PH-PH technology
The 1PH PH-PH model is a single phase shunt connected between two phases (A-B, B-C or A-C). Additionally it is possible to enter a susceptance to ground Bg in µS. Bcap Qcap relation
Bcap =
Qcap · 106 2 Unom
in µS
Qcap : Rated Capacitive Power in Mvar Unom : Nominal Line-Line Voltage in kV Bcap : Susceptance in µS Qcap Icap relation The relation between the capacitive power in Mvar of the shunt and the rated current, C in A is the following:
Qcap =
Icap · Unom 1000
in Mvar
Unom : Nominal Line-Line voltage in kV Icap : Rated Current, C in A
1.2.6
Technology: 1PH PH-E and 1PH PH-N
Model
Filter/Shunt (ElmShnt)
15
1
General Description
Figure 1.11: Model for the 1PH PH-E and 1PH PH-N technology
The 1PH PH-E technology can be used as grounding resistance, reactance to ground e.g. the neutral wire or a transformer star point. Bcap Qcap relation
Bcap =
3 · Qcap · 106 2 Unom 4 · Qcap · 106 2 Unom
Bcap =
in µS for Standard, non BI/DUAL phase systems
in µS for BI/DUAL phase systems
Qcap : Rated Capacitive Power in Mvar Unom : Nominal Line-Line Voltage in kV Bcap : Susceptance in µS Qcap Icap relation The relation between the capacitive power in Mvar of the shunt and the rated current, C in A is the following: Icap · Unom Qcap = √ 3 · 1000
Qcap =
Icap · Unom 2 · 1000
in Mvar for Standard, non BI/DUAL phase systems
in Mvar for BI/DUAL phase systems
Unom : Nominal Line-Line voltage in kV Icap : Rated Current, C in A
1.2.7
Technology: 2PH-‘Y’
Model
Filter/Shunt (ElmShnt)
16
1
General Description
Figure 1.12: Model for the 2PH-‘Y’ technology
The 2PH-‘Y’ model is a two phase shunt connected at two phases (A or B and B or C) it is not recommended to connect the second phase at the neutral phase. Additionally it is possible to enter a susceptance to ground Bg in µS. Bcap Qcap relation
Bcap =
2 · Qcap · 106 2 Unom
in µS
Qcap : Rated Capacitive Power in Mvar Unom : Nominal Line-Line Voltage in kV Bcap : Susceptance in µS Qcap Icap relation The relation between the capacitive power in Mvar of the shunt and the rated current, C in A is the following:
Qcap =
Icap · Unom 1000
in Mvar
Unom : Nominal Line-Line voltage in kV Icap : Rated Current, C in A
1.3
R-L-C Shunt
The R-L-C shunt is a reactance/inductivity, a resistance and a susceptance/capacitance in series. To define the reactance/inductivity, the resistance and the susceptance/capacitance there are two input modes: a) Design Parameter: the parameters are defined with the rated reactive power (L-C) or the rated current (L-C), the degree of inductance or the resonance frequency or the tuning order and the quality factor at nominal frequency (at fn) or the quality factor at resonance frequency (at fr) b) Layout Parameter: the parameters are defined with the reactance (in Ohm) or inductivity (in mH), the susceptance (in S) or capacitance (in µF) and the resistance in Ohm Filter/Shunt (ElmShnt)
17
1
General Description
1.3.1
Common Relations
Relation between the susceptance Bcap and the capacitance Ccap The capacitance Ccap is calculated:
Ccap =
Bcap 2 · π · fnom
Capacitance in µF
Bcap : Susceptance in µS fnom : Nominal Frequency in Hz of the grid Relation between the reactance Xrea and the inductivity Lrea The inductivity Lrea is calculated:
Lrea =
Xrea · 1000 2 · π · fnom
inductivity in mH
Xrea : Reactance in Ohm fnom : Nominal Frequency in Hz of the grid Relation between Degree of Inductance, Resonance Frequency and Tuning Order
fres = p
fnom Pgrad /100 nres =
Resonance Frequency in Hz
fres fnom
Tuning Order
pgrad : Degree of Inductance in % fnom : Nominal Frequency of the grid in Hz fres : Resonance Frequency in Hz nres : Tuning Order Relation between Quality Factor (at fnom ) and Quality Factor (at fres )
greaf 0 = grea · nres = grea ·
fres fnom
grea : ‘Quality Factor at fnom’, at nominal frequency greaf 0 : ‘Quality Factor at fres’ at resonance frequency nres : Tuning Order Rated Capacitive Power Qcap and Rated Reactive Power, L-C Qtot The rated capacitive power can be calculated according to following additional equations: Filter/Shunt (ElmShnt)
18
1
General Description
Qcap = Qtot · (1 − pgrad /100) = Qtot ·
1−
1 n2res
= Qtot ·
1−
fnom fres
2 ! in Mvar
Qcap : ‘Rated Capacitive Power, C’ in Mvar Qtot : ‘Rated Reactive Power, L-C’ in Mvar pgrad : Degree of Inductance in % fnom : Nominal Frequency of the grid in Hz fres : Resonance Frequency in Hz nres : Tuning Order Rated Reactive Power Qcea and Rated Reactive Power, L-C Qtot The rated reactive power can be calculated according to following additional equations:
Qrea = Qtot · (100/pgrad − 1) = Qtot ·
(n2res
− 1) = Qtot ·
fres fnom
!
2
−1
in Mvar
Qrea : ‘Rated Reactive Power, L’ in Mvar Qtot : ‘Rated Reactive Power, L-C’ in Mvar pgrad : Degree of Inductance in % fnom : Nominal Frequency of the grid in Hz fres : Resonance Frequency in Hz nres : Tuning Order Resonance Frequency fres Resonance Frequency is calculated:
fres =
2·π·
p
1 Lrea · 10−3 · Ccap · 10−6
in Hz
Lrea : Inductivity in mH Ccap : Capacitance in µF Relation between Inductivity Lrea , Resonance Frequency fres and Capacitance Ccap The inductivity Lrea can be calculated according to following equation:
Lrea =
103 (2 · π · fres )2 · Ccap · 10−6
in mH
Ccap : Capacitance in µF fres : Resonance Frequency in Hz
Filter/Shunt (ElmShnt)
19
1
General Description
1.3.2
Technology: 3PH-‘D’
Model
Figure 1.13: Model for the 3PH-‘D’ technology with and without susceptance to ground
The 3PH-‘D’ model is a 3-phase shunt in delta connection. Additionally it is possible to enter a susceptance to ground (Bg) in µS. Qcap Bcap relation
Bcap =
Qcap · 106 2 3 · Unom
in µS
Qcap : Rated Capacitive Power (3phase) in Mvar Unom : Nominal Line-Line Voltage of shunt in kV Bcap : Susceptance in µS Xrea , Rrea Qrea relation
Xrea = 3 ·
2 Unom qrea
and
Rrea =
Xrea qfrea
in Ohm
Qrea : Rated Reactive Power of the reactor in Mvar Unom : Nominal Line-Line Voltage in kV Xrea : Reactance in one phase in mH
1.3.3
Technology: 3PH-‘YN’ and 3PH-‘Y’
Model
Filter/Shunt (ElmShnt)
20
1
General Description
Figure 1.14: Model for the 3PH-’YN’ and 3PH-’Y’ technology
For the 3PH-‘YN’ technology it is possible to connect the star point to the neutral wire (enable option: External Star Point) and to setup if the internal grounding impedance star point is ‘connected’, ‘connected (Petersen Coil)’ or ‘disconnected’. For a ‘connected’ star point a grounding reactance (Xe) and grounding resistance (Re) in Ohm is considered. For an ‘disconnected’ internal star point the grounding reactance and resistance is neglected (-> isolated star point). The ABC-‘Y’ technology it is further possible to enter a susceptance to ground (Bg) in µS. Qcap Bcap relation
Bcap =
Qcap · 106 2 Unom
in µS
Qcap : Rated Capacitive Power (3phase) in Mvar Unom : Nominal Line-Line Voltage of shunt in kV Bcap : Susceptance in µS Xrea , Rrea Qrea relation
Xrea =
2 Unom Qrea
and
Rrea =
Xrea qfrea
in Ohm
Qrea : Rated Reactive Power of the reactor in Mvar Unom : Nominal Line-Line Voltage in kV qfrea : Quality Factor (at fn, nominal frequency) for a quality factor of zero (=0) the resistance is set to zero (=0)
1.3.4
Technology: 2PH-‘YN’
Model
Filter/Shunt (ElmShnt)
21
1
General Description
Figure 1.15: Model for the 2PH-‘YN’ technology
For the 2PH-‘YN’ technology it is possible to connect the star point to the neutral wire (enable option: External Star Point). For a ‘connected’ or ‘connected (Pertersen Coil)’ internal star point grounding reactance (Xe) and a grounding resistance (Re) is considered. For a ‘disconnected’ star point the grounding reactance and resistance is neglected (-> isolated star point). Qcap Bcap relation
Bcap =
3 · Qcap · 106 2 2 · Unom
Bcap =
in µS for standard, non BI/DUAL phase systems
2 · Qcap · 106 2 Unom
in µS for BI/DUAL phase systems
Qcap : Rated Capacitive Power, C in Mvar Unom : Nominal Line-Line Voltage of shunt in kV Bcap : Susceptance in µS Xrea , Rrea Qrea relation
Xrea =
2 2 · Unom 3 · Qrea
and
Xrea =
Rrea = 2 Unom 2 · Qrea
Xrea qfrea
in Ohm for standard, non BI/DUAL phase systems
in Ohm for BI/DUAL phase systems
Qrea : Rated Reactive Power, L in Mvar Unom : Nominal Line-Line Voltage in kV qfrea : Quality Factor (at fn, nominal frequency) for a quality factor of zero (=0) the resistance is set to zero (=0) Filter/Shunt (ElmShnt)
22
1
General Description
1.3.5
Technology: 1PH PH-PH
Model
Figure 1.16: Model for the 1PH PH-PH technology
The 1PH PH-PH model is a single phase shunt connected between two phases (A-B, B-C or A-C). Additionally it is possible to enter a susceptance to ground Bg in µS. Qcap Bcap relation
Bcap =
Qcap · 106 2 Unom
in µS
Qcap : Rated Capacitive Power, C in Mvar Unom : Nominal Line-Line Voltage of shunt in kV Bcap : Susceptance in µS Xrea , Rrea Qrea relation
Xrea =
2 Unom Qrea
and
Rrea =
Xrea qfrea
in Ohm
Qrea : Rated Reactive Power of the reactor in Mvar Unom : Nominal Line-Line Voltage in kV qfrea : Quality Factor (at fn, nominal frequency) for a quality factor of zero (=0) the resistance is set to zero (=0)
1.3.6
Technology: 1PH PH-E and 1PH PH-N
Model
Filter/Shunt (ElmShnt)
23
1
General Description
Figure 1.17: Model for the 1PH PH-E and 1PH PH-N technology
The 1PH PH-E technology can be used as grounding resistance, reactance to ground e.g. the neutral wire or a transformer star point. Qcap Bcap relation
Bcap =
3 · Qcap · 106 2 Unom
Bcap =
in µS for standard, non BI/DUAL phase systems
4 · Qcap · 106 2 Unom
in µS for BI/DUAL phase systems
Qcap : Rated Capacitive Power, C in Mvar Unom : Nominal Line-Line Voltage of shunt in kV Bcap : Susceptance in µS Xrea , Rrea Qrea relation
Xrea =
2 Unom 3 · Qrea
and
Xrea =
Rrea =
2 Unom 4 · Qrea
Xrea qfrea
in Ohm for standard, non BI/DUAL phase systems
in Ohm for BI/DUAL phase systems
Qrea : Rated Reactive Power, L in Mvar Unom : Nominal Line-Line Voltage in kV qfrea : Quality Factor (at fn, nominal frequency) for a quality factor of zero (=0) the resistance is set to zero (=0)
1.3.7
Technology: 2PH-‘Y’
Model
Filter/Shunt (ElmShnt)
24
1
General Description
Figure 1.18: Model for the 2PH-‘Y’ technology
The 2PH-‘Y’ model is a two phase shunt connected at two phases (A or B and B or C) it is not recommended to connect the second phase at the neutral phase. Additionally it is possible to enter a susceptance to ground Bg in µS. Qcap Bcap relation
Bcap =
2 · Qcap · 106 2 Unom
in µS
Qcap : Rated Capacitive Power, C in Mvar Unom : Nominal Line-Line Voltage of shunt in kV Bcap : Susceptance in µS Xrea , Rrea Qrea relation
Xrea =
2 Unom 2 · Qrea
and
Rrea =
Xrea qfrea
in Ohm
Qrea : Rated Reactive Power of the reactor in Mvar Unom : Nominal Line-Line Voltage in kV qfrea : Quality Factor (at fn, nominal frequency) for a quality factor of zero (=0) the resistance is set to zero (=0)
1.4
R-L-C, Rp Shunt
The R-L-C, Rp shunt is a reactance/inductivity, a resistance and a susceptance/capacitance in series with an additional resistance in parallel to the R-L impedance. To define the reactance/inductivity, the resistance and the susceptance/capacitance there are two input modes: a) Design Parameter: the parameter are defined with the rated reactive power (L-C) or the rated current (L-C), the degree of inductance or the resonance frequency or the tuning order and the Filter/Shunt (ElmShnt)
25
1
General Description
quality factor at nominal frequency (at fn) or the quality factor at resonance frequency (at fr) b) Layout Parameter: the parameter are defined with the reactance (in Ohm) or inductivity (in mH), the susceptance (in µS) or capacitance (in µF) and the resistance in Ohm The parallel resistance Rp can be entered in the layout parameter frame in Ohm and is independent on the input option. If the parallel resistance Rp is equal zero (Rp = 0) the parallel resistance is not considered (equal to G = 0).
1.4.1
Common Relations
All common relations are similar/equal to those used by the R-L-C shunt. See section 1.3.1.
1.4.2
Technology: 3PH-‘D’
Model
Figure 1.19: Model for the 3PH-‘D’ technology with and without susceptance to ground
The 3PH-‘D’ model is a 3-phase shunt in delta connection. Additionally it is possible to enter a susceptance to ground (Bg) in S. All relations are similar/equal to those used by the R-L-C shunt. See section 1.3.2.
1.4.3
Technology: 3PH-‘YN’ and 3PH-‘Y’
Model
Filter/Shunt (ElmShnt)
26
1
General Description
Figure 1.20: Models for the ABC-‘YN’ and ABC-‘Y’ technology
For the 3PH-‘YN’ technology it is possible to connect the star point to the neutral wire (enable option: External Star Point) and to setup if the internal grounding impedance star point is ‘connected’, ‘connected (Petersen Coil)’ or ‘disconnected’. For a ‘connected’ star point a grounding reactance (Xe) and grounding resistance (Re) in Ohm is considered. For an ‘disconnected’ internal star point the grounding reactance and resistance is neglected (-> isolated star point). The ABC-‘Y’ technology it is further possible to enter a susceptance to ground (Bg) in µS. All relations are similar/equal to those used by the R-L-C shunt. See section 1.3.3.
1.4.4
Technology: 2PH-‘YN’
Model
Figure 1.21: Model for the 2PH-‘YN’ technology
Filter/Shunt (ElmShnt)
27
1
General Description
For the 2PH-‘YN’ technology it is possible to connect the star point to the neutral wire (enable option: External Star Point). For a ‘connected’ or ‘connected (Petersen Coil)’ internal star point grounding reactance (Xe) and a grounding resistance (Re) is considered. For a ‘disconnected’ star point the grounding reactance and resistance is neglected (-> isolated star point). All relations are similar/equal to those used by the R-L-C shunt. See chapter 1.3.4.
1.4.5
Technology: 1PH PH-PH
Model
Figure 1.22: Model for the 1PH PH-PH technology
The 1PH PH-PH model is a single phase shunt connected between two phases (A-B, B-C or A-C). Additionally it is possible to enter a susceptance to ground Bg in µS. All relations are similar/equal to those used by the R-L-C shunt. See section 1.3.5.
1.4.6
Technology: 1PH PH-E and 1PH PH-N
Model
Filter/Shunt (ElmShnt)
28
1
General Description
Figure 1.23: Model for the 1PH PH-E and 1PH PH-N technology
The 1PH PH-E technology can be used as grounding resistance, reactance to ground e.g. the neutral wire or a transformer star point. All relations are similar/equal to those used by the R-L-C shunt. See chapter 1.3.6.
1.4.7
Technology: 2PH-‘Y’
Model
Figure 1.24: Model for the 2PH-‘Y’ technology
The 2PH-‘Y’ model is a two phase shunt connected at two phases (A or B and B or C). Connection of the second phase at the neutral phase is not recommended. In addition, it is possible to enter a susceptance to ground, Bg, in µS. All relations are similar/equal to those used by the R-L-C shunt. See section 1.3.7.
Filter/Shunt (ElmShnt)
29
1
General Description
1.5
Harmonics/Power Quality
Frequency-dependent characteristics may be defined for the parameters as listed in the following subsections. Note: For absolute characteristics, the values defined in the element (not in the characteristic) will be used at the fundamental frequency.
1.5.1
R-L-C
Frequency-dependent parameters may optionally be defined for the following parameters (parameter names follow in parentheses): Rs (rrea), L (rlrea) and C (ccap).
1.5.2
R-L
Frequency-dependent parameters may optionally be defined for the following parameters (parameter names follow in parentheses): Rs (rrea) and L (rlrea).
1.5.3
C
Frequency-dependent parameters may optionally be defined for the following parameter (parameter name follows in parentheses): C (ccap).
1.5.4
R-L-C,Rp
Frequency-dependent parameters may optionally be defined for the following parameters (parameter names follow in parentheses): Rs (rrea), L (rlrea), C (ccap) and Rp (rpara).
1.5.5
R-L-C1-C2,Rp (Hipass Filter)
Frequency-dependent parameters may optionally be defined for the following parameters (parameter names follow in parentheses): Rs (rrea), L (rlrea), C1 (c1), C2 (c2) and Rp (rpara).
Filter/Shunt (ElmShnt)
30
List of Figures
List of Figures 1.1 Model for the ABC-’D’ technology with and without susceptance to ground . . . .
4
1.2 Models for the 3PH-‘YN’ and 3PH-‘Y’ technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5
1.3 Model for the 2PH-‘YN’ technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7
1.4 Model for the 1PH PH-PH technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8
1.5 Model for the 1PH PH-E and 1PH PH-N technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9
1.6 Model for the 2PH-‘Y’ technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10
1.7 Model for the 3PH-‘D’ technology with and without susceptance to ground . . . .
11
1.8 Models for the 3PH-‘YN’ and 3PH-‘Y’ technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12
1.9 Models for the 2PH-‘YN’ technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13
1.10 Model for the 1PH PH-PH technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15
1.11 Model for the 1PH PH-E and 1PH PH-N technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16
1.12 Model for the 2PH-‘Y’ technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
17
1.13 Model for the 3PH-‘D’ technology with and without susceptance to ground . . . .
20
1.14 Model for the 3PH-’YN’ and 3PH-’Y’ technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
21
1.15 Model for the 2PH-‘YN’ technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
22
1.16 Model for the 1PH PH-PH technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
23
1.17 Model for the 1PH PH-E and 1PH PH-N technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
24
1.18 Model for the 2PH-‘Y’ technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25
1.19 Model for the 3PH-‘D’ technology with and without susceptance to ground . . . .
26
1.20 Models for the ABC-‘YN’ and ABC-‘Y’ technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
27
1.21 Model for the 2PH-‘YN’ technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
27
1.22 Model for the 1PH PH-PH technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
28
1.23 Model for the 1PH PH-E and 1PH PH-N technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
29
1.24 Model for the 2PH-‘Y’ technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
29
Filter/Shunt (ElmShnt)
31
